The Catholic Church and the Crusades
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1 The Catholic Church and the Crusades
2 Why do you think the Church was so important to people in the Early Middle Ages? Hint: Think about the feudal stuff we did for homework
3 Basic beliefs and rituals of the Catholic Church Baptism, marriage, the Eucharist (Communion) Necessary for salvation Saints: someone to talk to Relics Pilgrimage to holy shrines (Jerusalem) Church used Latin Tithing (to give 10% of income to church)
4 MONEY= church gets rich!! People were too scared not to pay tithes despite the difficulties it meant for them. You also had to pay for baptisms, marriages and burials - you had to be buried on holy land if your soul was to get to heaven. Whichever way you looked, the Church received money. And with money comes..?
5 Church Organization by 500 AD Local parishes= priests Group of parishes= a diocese= bishops Group of diocese= province in Rome= archbishops POPE (the father) (bishop of Rome)
6 Maybe your diagram will look something like this Pope Archbishops Archbishops Archbishops Bishops Bishops Bishops Bishops Bishops Bishops Priests Priests Priests Priests Priests Priests Priests Priests Priests
7 Church as Civil Service education system (schools did not exist) Church leaders could read and write (good for politics!) Church officials = political officials= room for corruption Why might this happen?
8 The Church and Feudalism Bishops and abbots began working for nobles (not so focused on religion anymore) Church officials began to seek wealth Popes and Kings fought for power 1122: new bishops pay homage to the king, king and church both invest in him Popes continued to grow in power
9 Example of Pope s power: That s heresy! Heresy (hair-uh-see): denial of basic Church doctrine Heretics grew in certain areas in the High Middle Ages Enter: the Inquisition (early 1200s) Court to deal with heretics Confess: public penance (flogging) Deny: tortured until you confessed (1252) Relapse: Execution
10 The Crusades Christian military expeditions Regain Holy Land from Muslims Byzantine emperor asked for help against the Seljuk Turks Council of Clermont (forgiveness of sins for crusaders) Knights, adventure, fighting Merchants: trading opportunities
11 What they took back to Europe. Food products rice, coffee, sherbet, dates, apricots, lemons, sugar, spices such as ginger, melons, rhubarb and dates. Household goods mirrors, carpets, cotton cloth for clothing, ships compasses, writing paper, wheelbarrows, mattresses and shawls. New ideas chess, Arabic figures 0 to 9, pain killing drugs, algebra, irrigation, chemistry, the color scarlet, water wheels and water clocks
12 Pros and Cons of the Crusades What were the pros and cons of the Crusades? What might be the short and long term impacts of the crusades?
13 Byzantine recovers BUT No longer a great power Reduced in size Byzantine falls in 1453 to the Turks
14 East-West Schism Celibacy of clergy Dispute over papacy/ the pope Veneration of icons This is important so make sure you note this!!!
15 Europe- religion and culture Catholic Church (Christian) Pope has political and religious power Example: Crusades Anti-semitism in Europe (People blamed the plague on Jews) Not much learning or inventing in the Dark Ages (500 AD 1000 AD)
16 Europe Trade/ economics Agricultural society Feudal system/ bartering Early Middle Ages: cities were smaller, trade decreased Geography and migration Early middle ages: invasions
17 Europe Social structure Major class differences Feudalism Government Based in feudalism Decentralized Kings had little power, had to share it with nobles Catholic Church had a strong political presence
18 War Charlemagne prevents Islam from spreading into Europe Knights developed: wealthier men, upper class, had to afford own weaponry and training Knights fought in crusades, religious wars Invasions (Muslims, Magyars, Vikings)
19 Byzantine: Religion/Culture Split from Europe (Great schism) Eastern Orthodox: doesn t recognize Pope as leader, doesn t believe in celebacy for priests, doesn t believe in veneration of icons Crusades: supposed to protect Byzantine from Muslim empires
20 Byzantines: Trade/Economics -Justinian s expansion bankruptcy -Great location: center of trade -Port cities grew wealthy due to crusades -Constantinople Justinian builds: the Hagia Sophia and the Hippodrome
21 Byzantines: Geography/Migration -Pressure from Muslims -Spread Orthodoxy into Russia, E. Europe
22 Byzantines: Social Structure -Military service respectable -slavery King and upper class have a lot of power
23 Byzantines: Government Structures -Roman law (Justinian creates a law code) -Emperor said to be chosen by God, probably actually chosen by military Emperor is also head of Church By 1081: weakened by bad rulers
24 Byzantines: War Invasions by Muslims Too much territory to protect Hard to defend borders Riots Crusaders: hurt the Byzantine empire and destroy much of Constantinople (1100 AD) Turks sack Constantinople in 1453
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