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1 Primary Source Analysis Find the two remaining documents from yesterday s document packet Let s look at Francisco Pizarro s Journal Turn in to homework box when finished

2 Tonight s reading Pgs and pgs Reading Quiz Thursday Unit exam has been moved to Tuesday, October 3

3 Pick up your foldable and pictures from the front Great work on the foldables!

4 Bellwork Complete the sheets on Medieval Life and The Crusades Use pgs and pgs to complete You can use these on today s quiz Review packet Pgs and pgs Quiz begins at 8:20 Tonight s reading packet pgs Reading Quiz Friday

5 Reading Quiz You may use your packet, yesterday s worksheets, any reading notes, and pages , on the quiz Record your answers for questions 1-27 on the scan sheet You may write on the quiz A = True, B = False Turn in scan sheet only (Block 1 Work Tray) when finished We will turn in worksheets after everyone is finished Tonight s reading packet pgs Reading Quiz Friday

6 Bellwork Have a seat We will begin in a few minutes Today Lecture on the Middle Ages

7 The Middle Ages (Medieval Period) Period between the fall of Rome and the start of the modern era (Renaissance)

8 Geography of Western Europe Early Middle Ages ( ) Undeveloped Small population Large forests Fertile Soil Outlets to the sea and navigable rivers

9 The Franks Heavy influence on European development Strong agricultural base Firm alliance with western Christian church 9

10

11

12 Charlemagne ( ) Conquers much of the old Roman Empire

13 Charlemagne ( ) Conquers much of the old Roman Empire Gains support of the Roman Catholic Church

14 Dissolution of the Carolingian Empire

15 New Kingdoms Emerge Muslims begin to gain control of N. Africa and Spain

16 Invasions Numerous invasions during the Middle Ages

17 Population Growth of Europe, CE Millions

18 European Population Growth, CE Millions CE CE 18

19 Background on Serfdom Serfdom Difference between peasants, serfs Peasants were free, owned their own land Serfs not free, could not own land Serfs, peasants lived similar lives

20 Economic Change and the Influence of the Church The Rise of International Trade and the Power of the Church

21 Improvements in Agriculture (Beginning in the 900s) Heavier plow developed Impact?

22 Improvements in Agriculture Horses used for work instead of Oxen

23 Revival of Trade Post-Roman decline in trade (except Italy) Development of Commercial Capitalism

24 Trade Increases

25

26

27 The Medieval Church

28 Post-Classical Western Europe Influence of the Church Every aspect of life was dominated by the Church Rulers were crowned by the Grace of God Political rule viewed as divinely sanctioned (God s Approval) All Christians were expected to tithe (a tax) to the church Education, art dictated by Church ideals Calendar organized by faith holidays Fair prices, economic practices dictated by church

29 The Power of the Church Church begins to gain political power during the Middle Ages

30 The Power of the Church Church begins to gain political power during the Middle Ages Papal Supremacy belief that the Pope held authority over all rulers.

31

32 Structure of the Church Clergy religious officials

33 Structure of the Church Clergy religious officials Pope is at the top priests are the lowest rank

34 Structure of the Church Clergy religious officials Pope is at the top priests are the lowest rank Priests were the main contact with the church and the people

35 Influence of the Church One of the few unifying factors in medieval Europe Served as a religious, social, and educational center

36 Power of the Church Gave people hope for something better

37 Power of the Church Gave people hope for something better Sacraments religious ceremonies

38 Power of the Church Gave people hope for something better Sacraments religious ceremonies Provides a common set of beliefs and rituals across Europe

39 Power of the Church Excommunication banishment from the church The person could be refused sacraments (no salvation) Interdict sacraments could not be performed on the king s land.

40 The Crusades

41

42

43 The Crusades ( ) 200 years of Holy War by European Christians against Muslims

44 The Crusades ( ) 200 years of Holy War by European Christians against Muslims 1095 Pope Urban II calls on Europeans to retake the Holy Land from the Muslims

45 The Crusading Spirit (Why Go?) Religious Zeal (automatic ticket to heaven)

46 The Crusading Spirit (Why Go?) Religious Zeal (automatic ticket to heaven) Youngest sons (did not inherit) saw opportunity

47 The Crusading Spirit (Why Go?) Religious Zeal (automatic ticket to heaven) Youngest sons (did not inherit) saw opportunity Merchants profited

48

49 The First & Second Crusades Poorly organized

50 The First & Second Crusades Poorly organized Attacks on non-christian Europeans Soldiers and leaders had little knowledge of the land

51 The First & Second Crusades Poorly organized Soldiers and leaders had little knowledge of the land Some parts were conquered by the Crusaders

52 The First & Second Crusades Poorly organized Soldiers and leaders had little knowledge of the land Some parts were conquered by the Crusaders Muslim leader Saladin retakes the land less than 100 years later

53 4 th Crusade (Early 1200s) The Looting of Constantinople Did not make it to the Holy Land Attacked Constantinople (a Christian city)

54 Effects of the Crusades Economic Expansion Increased trade, new trade routes, new products

55 Consequences Power of Monarchs and Pope grows A greater understanding of the world Religious tensions negative view of non- Christians among Europeans

56 Crisis of the Middle Ages Heresy, War, Disease

57 Religious Conflict Weakening Church Papal Dispute More than one person claims to be Pope Heresy Beliefs opposed to official church teachings Inquisition Trials of suspected heretics Imprisonment, Torture, Death

58

59

60 Crisis of the Middle Ages: The Plague

61

62 The Plague 30%-50% of Europe s population dies of the Plague

63 The Plague 30%-50% of Europe s population dies of the Plague Carried by rats and infected fleas

64

65

66

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70

71

72

73 The Plague 30%-50% of Europe s population dies of the Plague Carried by rats and infected fleas People begin moving to the country

74 The Plague 30%-50% of Europe s population dies of the Plague Carried by rats and infected fleas People begin moving to the country

75 The Plague 30%-50% of Europe s population dies of the Plague Carried by rats and infected fleas People begin moving to the country

76 The Plague 30%-50% of Europe s population dies of the Plague Carried by rats and infected fleas People begin moving to the country Increased anti-semitism (Anti- Jewish)

77

78

79

80

81 Dance of Death (1463)

82

83

84

85

86

87 Economic Impact Epidemic An outbreak of disease Fewer workers = Higher wages Peasants move to cities, look for work Revolts across Europe

88 The Church Church power is weakened Persecution increases

89 Impact of the Plague 1. Decline in feudalism 2. Increase in manufacturing and technology 3. Towns and cities grow

The European Middle Ages CE

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