The Renaissance: Five Big Ideas
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- Marshall Crawford
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1 The Renaissance: Five Big Ideas Renaissance means rebirth and that refers to the culture, history and poli>cal beliefs of the Ancient Romans and Greeks being rediscovered Transi>on from a Catholic Church dominated and fragmented Medieval Europe, to more centralized poli>cal power under secular control. Growth of learning outside of the Catholic church A >me of great ar>s>c achievement = remember the Ninja Turtles: Leonardo, Michelangelo, Donatello and Raphael? The growth of the Poli>cal power of Kings, (like Henry VIII) and a reduc>on of the Power of the Pope.
2 Overview Primarily in the Italian City States Would later spread to Northern Europe Where/ When?
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4 The Renaissance City States were centers of trade, and powerful families = Medici in Florence Patrons Fall of ConstanFnople (1453) lead to scholars fleeing to Italian City States The Crusades had made cifes like Venice very wealthy = $ for the Arts A resurgence of interest in Roman and Greek ideas of learning and cifzenship Italian City States were autonomous = secular power: Crusades Impact What Factors? Why Now? These scholars would bring texts from Ancient Rome and Greece
5 Let s Pause...Here is a key moment... The Fall of Constan>nople Might be as important as 1492, and certainly helped to cause Columbus sailing to the New World. Here is a huge cause and effect in our course. Let s start with the loca>on of Constan>nople: It is at a crossroads between Europe, Asia and Africa... Access to the Mediterranean from the Black Sea had to pass Constan>nople.
6 Constan>nople
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9 Constan>nople: Was the capital of the Byzan>ne Empire (Chris>an) Was conquered by the Oboman Empire (Muslims) in 1453 Its loca>on was cri>cal for East/West Trade spices, silks valued goods in Europe Europeans now needed another route to the Far East Islam would tax goods to heavily... Hence, explorers looked to a route to the Indies and journeyed West... This leads us to 1492, and the discovery of the New World?
10 The Renaissance = Humanism Humanism = focus on Mankind outside of a Religious context Humanism = importance of man as a cifzen, and the city- state Humanism = the study of Ancient Greek and Roman texts Humanism = study of liberal arts Key Facets/ Characte risfcs Humanism = The glorificafon of the Human Form = Renaissance Art!!!
11 Let s backtrack... Remember that in Medieval >mes, the Roman Catholic Church held a virtual monopoly on higher educa>on: Scholas(cism Scholas>cism did not encourage learning to develop the individual. Literacy was only within the church, and only to read and translate religious texts = La>n Ancient Greek and Roman Poli>cal and Historical wri>ngs were suppressed. Hence, we can see why Humanism was such a big deal in the Renaissance!!!
12 The Renaissance Renaissance Popes like Alexander VI and Julius II Renaissance ArFsts and Humanists Powerful Families like the Medici's of Florence Key People/ Groups Da Vinci, Michelangelo, Raphael, Machiavelli
13 The Renaissance 1512: The Prince by Machiavelli is Published 1527: Rome is Sacked by Charles V s Troops, ending the Renaissance : SisFne Chapel/ Michelangelo Key Events 1540: Michelangelo completes The Last Judgment
14 The Renaissance Rise of the Monarchy Separate from Papal Control Revival of Ideas like CiFzenship, Virtu and Civic Pride Art changes dramafcally: Human Form; Mankind at the center Promotes EducaFon for Individual Development = HumaniFes Impact of this Age Promotes a sense of adventure and explorafon leading to the New World
15 The Renaissance Regents Thema>c Essay Connected with this topic Theme: Turning Points Task: Turning points are major events in history that have led to lasting change. Identify two major turning points in global history and for each: Describe the historical circumstances surrounding the turning point Explain how each turning point changed the course of history You may use any example from your study of global history. Some suggestions you might wish to consider include the Neolithic Revolution, the Crusades, the Renaissance, the Encounter, the French Revolution, the Russian Revolution of 1917, World War I, creation of the modern state of Israel, Nelson Mandela elected president of South Africa, and the fall of the Berlin Wall.
16 Thema>c Basics: Circumstances: Why Now? Turning Points: Renaissance How it changed history
17 The Renaissance Regents DBQ connected with this topic: Historical Context: Throughout history, individuals have made major contributions to the world. Their achievements have had an impact on global history. Three of these individuals are Leonardo da Vinci, Toussaint L Ouverture, and Mohandas Gandhi. Task: Using the information from the documents and your knowledge of global history, answer the questions that follow each document in Part A. Your answers to the questions will help you write the Part B essay in which you will be asked to Select two individuals mentioned in the historical context and for each Describe the historical period during which the individual lived Describe a major achievement of this individual Discuss the impact of this achievement on global history
18 DBQ Basics: Period When the lived/ Achievements Individuals/ ContribuFon/Da Vinci Impact
19 Document 3... It was as an artist that Leonardo attempted the fusion of anatomy with medical science through [the scientist] della Torre. This attempt was itself a great peak reached from those first modest beginnings of anatomy in the botegas [works] of Pollaiuolo and Verrocchio. The renaissance of anatomy could never have occurred without those long, distasteful hours of adventurous dissection and patient drawing. Without this artistic surge for knowledge the medical professors of anatomy, droning [speaking] their prosings [thoughts] from a tainted Galenic text [medical book written by Galen], could never have found a way of recording Galenic anatomical errors, let alone their corrections.... Source: Kenneth D. Keele, Leonardo davinci s Influence on Renaissance Anatomy, Medical History, October What are two impacts of Leonardo da Vinci s work according to Kenneth Keele? [2] (1) Score (2) Score
20 The Renaissance: Mul>ple Choice
21 Ques>on Breakdown: Trigger Word = Commercial Revolu3on Def. = Growth of Capitalism as a result of trade A? Out...manorial system = agriculture C? Out...Catholic Church was not a Commercial enterprise D? Out...Europe had not colonized yet B? Bingo...Capitalism develops...that is why it is revolu>onary!!!
22 The Renaissance
23 Ques>on Breakdown: B? No...Absolu>sm did not exist as of yet... C? No...Religious salva>on is the focus on the Church. D? No...Technological advancement? No exactly...they were more men of lebers... A? Yes...Individualism was the very defini>on of Humanism..
24 The Renaissance
25 Ques>on Breakdown: B: No...Suffrage (the right to vote) is preby much non existent in this course C: No...Literature would be in La>n, or more and more in Italian D: No...They throw Greek and La>n to fool you. Humanists embraced them; they did not reject them. A? Yes...Remember that Secular = earthly = non- religious. Humanity = Humanism
26 The Renaissance
27 Ques>on Breakdown: B? No...Machiavelli had very lible faith in the general public C? No...Pleasing all the people? When has that ever been a possibility? D? No...Common good? Machiavelli wanted the Prince to do whatever worked...no what is best for all... A? Yes...You must always associate the ends with whatever is necessary to maintain power.
28 The Renaissance
29 Ques>on Breakdown B? No...Art? Yes! But increased Religious themes? No...increased secular themes C? No...we do not see na>onalism as of yet.. D? No...Feudalism, as we know, already existed, and was declining... A? Yes...Secular power increased, meaning the church s power was decreasing...
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