The Enlightenment: Five Big Ideas
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1 The Enlightenment: Five Big Ideas Think of this as a con8nua8on of the Scien8fic Revolu8on the focus is on inves8ga8on and Reason. Start with Isaac Newton and John Locke as major influences: Natural Laws and Natural Rights Impact of the growth of Print Culture = more publica8ons = increased spread of ideas and debate. Focus on Natural Laws, and Governments that should include the par8cipa8on of the People. Huge influence of the Enlightenment leading to the French Revolu8on. This is as an8- Absolu8st, and a clear challenge to the Roman Catholic Church s focus on Faith, rather than Reason.
2 The Enlightenment: Primarily in England and in France We will see Enlightened monarchs in Eastern Europe Where/ When?
3 The Enlightenment: Decline of the power and influence of the Catholic Church: Reason confronts Faith ExploraDon/ Expansion New Ideas, technology = InvesDgate Impact of Absolute rule and Divine Right, Censorship = Unreasonable control ScienDfic RevoluDon = ObservaDon, Experience, Reason, physical World, Natural Law What Factors? Why Now? Print Culture = spread of ideas separate from control of Church or Monarch.
4 The Enlightenment: Re- assessing the Social Contract = a leader needs to represent and protect cidzen s rights Just as Laws govern the Universe, there are Natural Rights that all humans possess. Deism is the new religion that want Reason combined with Faith religion cannot just be Blind Faith View of the Universe as a mechanism that can be studied = God is a radonal being Key Facets/ Characte risdcs This is an Age of Individualism and simply being a subject to a King is no longer acceptable.
5 Let s Pause: Adam Smith and Wealth of Na8ons Smith Publishes Wealth Argues that Government s role is to provide basic services, build roads and protect its borders. However, Mercan8le control of trade and business must stop. Smith felt that Man s inherent greed is good unfexered compe88on would lead to bexer products. Supply and Demand (the Invisible Hand) would create true Wealth This is the basis of the Modern Capitalist system. It reflects Enlightenment beliefs in Reason, and the power of the individual.
6 The Enlightenment: Voltaire SaDrist cridcizing the Roman Catholic Church as fanadcs and based on supersddous Montesquieu Proposes a SeparaDon of Powers for a Monarchy Isaac Newton influence based on a Universe governed by Natural Laws - MechanisDc Rousseau his Social Contract proposes that individuals give up some freedom to really be free. John Locke Man possesses Natural Rights Man is born with a Tabula Rasa Key People/ Groups Enlightened Monarchs Kings and queens influenced by the Enlightenment
7 The Enlightenment: 1748 Montesquieu publishes Spirit of the Laws Voltaire publishes Candide Rousseau publishes The Social Contract John Locke publishes 1 st and 2 nd TreaDse on Government. Key Events 1776 Adam Smith publishes the Wealth of NaDons.
8 The Enlightenment: Focus on the importance and power of the Individual FoundaDon of the concept of Capitalism Belief that Mankind possesses Rights, they are not given Challenges to established ideas of Monarchies Impact of this Age God is a radonal being, and that Religion should have Reason as well as faith
9 Thema8c Essay: Use Enlightenment Theme: Change Not all revolutions are political. Nonpolitical revolutions have brought important intellectual, economic, and/or social changes to societies. Task: Identify two nonpolitical revolutions that brought important intellectual, economic, and/or social changes to societies and for each Describe one change brought about by this nonpolitical revolution Discuss an impact this nonpolitical revolution had on a specific society or societies You may use any nonpolitical revolution that brought important intellectual, economic,
10 Thema8c Basics Change Brought About Non- PoliDcal Rev.: Change = The Enlightenment Impact
11 Thema8c Essay: John Locke Theme: Change Task: The ideas and beliefs of philosophers and leaders have led to changes in nations and regions. Choose two philosophers and/or leaders and for each Explain a major idea or belief of that philosopher or leader Discuss how that idea or belief changed one nation or region You may use any philosophers or leaders from your study of global history. Some suggestions you might wish to consider include Confucius, John Locke, Adam Smith, Simón Bolívar, Otto von Bismarck, Vladimir Lenin, Mohandas Gandhi, Mao Zedong, Fidel Castro, or Nelson Mandela.
12 Thema8c Basics: Major Idea(s) Philosopher/ Ideas/Change Lead to Change in a NaDon/ Region
13 The Enlightenment: Mul8ple Choice
14 Ques8ons Analysis Renaissance and Enlightenment similari8es? A?...No...Feudalism dominates? B?...No...Reason and science discouraged? Obviously not... C?...No...Discourage technology? Not...it was encouraged... D?...Yes...ques8oning spirit was encouraged?
15 The Enlightenment: Mul8ple Choice
16 Ques8on Analysis Poli8cal thinkers who encouraged the Enlightenment... A?...No...Religious tolerance was encouraged, not discouraged. B?...No...Absolute Monarchy not most effec8ve... D...No...Civil Liber8es are not rewards...they are rights C?...Yes...govts. should protect peoples rights.
17 The Enlightenment: Mul8ple Choice
18 Ques8on Analysis Similari8es between thinkers in the Scien8fic Revolu8on and the Enlightenment? A?...No...they both reject most medieval thought. B?...No...Favor Absolu8sm? No...it is not ra8onal. C?...No...The Catholic Church sees both a threat. D?...Yes...Both examine Natural Laws
19 The Enlightenment: Mul8ple Choice
20 Ques8on Analysis How to best improve society, based on Enlightenment ideas... A?...No...Faith and Divine Right? B?...No...Borrow Ideas from Greece and Rome. Close, but no. D?...No...Study successful leaders. No...they are not Enlightened. C?...Yes...Reason and Laws of Nature.
21 The Enlightenment: Mul8ple Choice
22 Ques8on Analysis Similari8es bet. Scien8fic Revolu8on and the Enlightenment? B?...No...they challenge, not strengthen tradi8ons. C?...No...Lead to the Reforma8on? D?...No...The encourage, not neglect individualism. A?...Yes...New idea are encouraged!
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