America. In God s Providence. Generations. A Christian Worldview History ( ) Gary DeMar. with Fred D. Young, Gary L. Todd, and George Grant

Transcription

1 America In God s Providence A Christian Worldview History ( ) Gary DeMar with Fred D. Young, Gary L. Todd, and George Grant Generations P A S S I N G O N T H E F A I T H

2 Contents Course Schedule A New World in View: Teaching Guide A New World in View: Test Questions A New World in View: Test Answers Building a City on a Hill: Teaching Guide Building a City on a Hill: Test Questions Building a City on a Hill: Test Answers On the Road to Independence: Teaching Guide On the Road to Independence: Test Questions On the Road to Independence: Test Answers

3 First Semester Suggested Daily Schedule First Quarter Date Day Assignment Due Date Grade 1 Week Lesson 1: Read Introduction and Lesson 2: Read Chapter 1 and 5 1 Week Lesson 3: Read Chapter 2 and Lesson 4: Read Chapter 3 and 5 1 Review Chapters Lesson 5: Complete Test 1 Week Lesson 6: Read Chapter 4 and 5 1

4 Date Day Assignment Due Date Grade 1 2 Lesson 7: Read Chapter 5 and Week Lesson 8: Read Chapter 6 and Lesson 9: Read Chapter 7 and Week 5 3 Review Chapters Lesson 10: Complete Test Lesson 11: Read Chapter 8 and Week Lesson 12: Read Chapter 9 and 5 2

5 Date Day Assignment Due Date Grade 1 2 Lesson 13: Read Chapter 10 and Week 7 3 Review Chapters Lesson 14: Complete Test Lesson 15: Read Chapter 11 and Week Lesson 16: Read Chapter 12 and Lesson 17: Read Chapter 13 and Week Lesson 18: Read Chapter 14 and 5 3

6 Volume 1 A New World in View Teaching Guide 14

7 Teaching Guide A N e w Wo r l d i n Vi e w This Teaching Guide to A New World In View includes answers to all terms and discussion questions. Please feel free to improvise and adjust the lessons to meet the needs of your particular student(s). Some students learn faster and can complete two or more lessons in a day. Others may require longer than one day for a given lesson. One of the best ways to learn history is to do the work of a historian. It is recommended that each pupil complete a historical research paper on a topic discussed in the textbook. This will help develop research and communication skills along with historical awareness. Both research and writing skills have important applications in many other areas besides history. You may wish to combine the historical research project with part of the English curriculum. It is important that the research paper be evaluated for its style, the correctness of its grammar, and its readability, as well as its historical accuracy. One important point should be noted: Students will do a better job if they are able to select a project which is of interest to them. Before assigning the project, students should be required to skim through the text and see what they might find exciting. Furthermore, they should be encouraged to explore the collection of a good library to get ideas and to find source materials for their research. Terms that are followed by a D are not defined in A New World In View. Students should consult a dictionary if they do not know the meaning of a term. Terms that are followed with a number indicate the page on which the definition is found in the textbook. Note about Optional Enrichment Projects The Optional Enrichment Projects are designed to help enhance a student s knowledge about topics touched on briefly or only indirectly in A New World In View and to think through difficult issues. They are optional and should be assigned after assessing a student s ability to handle the extra work load. 16

8 T E A C H I N G G U I D E L e s s o n 1 Introduction: TO PLEDGE ALLEGIANCE Terms pledge: To make a binding promise or agreement. (1) allegiance: Loyalty or devotion. (1) republic: A state in which power rests in its citizens acting through their chosen representatives. (D) nation: People living within a territory who are conscious enough of their unity to possess or seek a government of their own. (D) indivisible: Incapable of being divided. (D) liberty: Ordered freedom. (D) justice: Truth, fairness, and moral rightness. (D) sovereignty: Possession of supreme or highest power. (3) sovereign: A supreme lord or ruler. (3) People Francis Bellamy: A newspaperman who wrote the Pledge of Allegiance in 1892 (2). Dwight D. Eisenhower: The United States president under whose administration the phrase under God was added to the Pledge in 1954 (2). This introductory chapter answers questions regarding what it means to pledge allegiance, to whom, as Christians, we must pledge allegiance, and how we should view and interpret history. Discussion Questions 1. What are some of the things to which we tend to pledge our allegiance? Examples might include a nation or ethnic group, a governmental leader, our career, possessions, fame, sports, or a hobby. There are many possible answers here. Moreover, allegiances shift as we grow older and our interests become more varied. 2. What does God say about what it means to pledge allegiance? Study and comment on Exodus 20:3. Exodus 20:3 directs us that we must have no other gods before the one true God, no matter what those gods might be. The Lord demands that our ultimate allegiance be to Him alone. Any goal that supersedes our devotion to God is idolatry. 3. What does it mean that the facts of history are never neutral? History is written by people who interpret it in light of their own preconceived ideas. For example, a historian who believes in a big federal government will describe the New Deal of Franklin D. Roosevelt in a far different manner than will a conservative who believes in limited government. In addition, the historian s preconceptions will determine what facts he will choose to present to make his case. His values will determine what he thinks important to tell. A Christian historian will probably present facts about the religious motivations of America s early explorers and settlers while an atheist will probably ignore most of the facts of the Christian origins of America. To understand history, you absolutely must understand the historian and his point of view. 4. How does the Christian understand history? History is more than just one thing after another. It is the unfolding of the purpose and plan of God who is the sovereign Lord of history. In a study of history we see many examples of human depravity and rebellion against God s will as revealed in Scripture. Yet we also see examples of faithfulness to God which should inspire us to be more faithful ourselves. While we may not understand how a particular event fits into God s purpose, we know that ultimately God ordains everything to His honor and glory. 5. How should we act knowing that God is the sovereign Lord of history? We must be bold in our obedience to God s revealed Word in Scripture. The Christian who understands that God is Lord over history has no business passively 17

9 A N e w Wo r l d i n Vi e w L e s s o n 1 Introduction: TO PLEDGE ALLEGIANCE waiting to escape this world. He has an obligation to be God s faithful servant advancing the kingdom of our Lord, confident in the knowledge that God is working out His plans and purposes and that He will be triumphant. Assignment: Read Chapter 1 before next lesson. 18

10 Volume 1 A New World in View TEST QUESTIONS 50

11 A New World in View TEST 1: Chapters 1 3 T E ST 1 Chapters 1 3 Name Date Identify: Rome s first emperor Inventor of movable type printing press Self-appointed prophet of God who started religion of Islam Roman emperor who launched first persecution of Christians in A.D Pope who launched the first Crusade in 1095 to drive back the armies of Islam Early Christian writer who stressed that the biblical worldview must serve as the standard in evaluating all competing worldviews English scholar whose insistence that the Bible alone is the authority for Christians in matters of belief and conduct challenged the authority of the Roman Catholic hierarchy and helped pave the way for the Protestant Reformation Roman Emperor from A.D. 379 to 395 who declared the empire to be officially Christian, which mistakenly gave the label Christian to many pagans Fifth-century B.C. Greek physician; the father of medicine Early church reformer from Prague who paved the way for the Protestant Reformation in Bohemia Thirteenth-century Venetian traveler to China whose published journal stimulated the desire of Europeans for the wealth of the East German mercenary who deposed Rome s last emperor in A.D. 476 and thereby brought an end to the Roman Empire Roman Emperor from A.D. 37 to 41 noted for his incredible cruelty. He demanded to be worshipped as a god and required the Jews to erect a statue of himself in the sacred temple in Jerusalem King of Franks who converted to Christianity and ordered his soldiers to be baptized, establishing the idea that the ruler s religion determined that of his subjects Great Mongol Emperor of China Turkish ruler whose army captured and sacked Constantinople in 1453, bringing an end to the remnants of the Byzantine Empire and setting the stage for a Muslim invasion of Eastern Europe A set of beliefs about the most important issues of life; a way of viewing or interpreting reality. 52

12 TEST 1: Chapters 1 3 A New World in View A deadly disease spread by fleas from infected rats which wiped out millions during the Middle Ages A term meaning three in one, as in the Godhead which consists of God the Father, God the Son, and God the Holy Spirit three distinct persons yet one God The relationship of a lord and his vassals in which the vassals paid homage to the lord and performed military service in return for his protection and the use of his land The love of wisdom The entire territory under the influence of Christianity Medieval style of architecture characterized by high, vaulted ceilings, pointed arches, and flying buttresses A term meaning universal The cutting off of an unrepentant member from the government, fellowship, and sacraments of the Church The name of the god of Muhammad The holy book of Islam The sum total of beliefs and ways of living built up by a society and passed on from one generation to the next The supposed pardon of sin by Roman Catholic Church authorities and reduction of punishment in the afterlife, usually upon payment of a fee Navigational device used to measure the position of the stars A pledge formerly made by physicians to respect all life and do no harm to their patients A biblical concept which states that all lordship belongs to God, that is, that all those with authority must exercise their rule only on God s terms as revealed in Scripture An invention that set off a revolution in information and publishing and paved the way for the rapid spread of both the teachings of the Protestant Reformation as well as ideas of the riches of distant lands The capital of the Eastern Roman Empire and the Byzantine Empire which succeeded it The false belief, popular in the Roman Catholic Church during the Middle Ages, that during the Lord s Supper the bread and wine are changed miraculously into the literal body and blood of Jesus. 53

13 A New World in View TEST 1: Chapters 1 3 Essay QuEstion (write your answer below) Describe the major problems or challenges the Church faced from its beginning through the Middle Ages, and tell what effect these struggles have had on the Church. 54

14 FINAL EXAM A New World in View FINAL EXAM A New World in View Name Date Identify: A set of beliefs about the most important issues of life; a way of viewing or interpreting reality A biblical concept which states that all lordship belongs to God, that is, that all those with authority must exercise their rule only on God s terms as revealed in Scripture A term meaning three in one, as in the Godhead which consists of God the Father, God the Son, and God the Holy Spirit three distinct persons yet one God A term meaning universal Self-appointed prophet of God who started the religion of Islam The name of the god of Muhammad The holy book of Islam English scholar whose insistence that the Bible alone was the authority for the Christian in matters of belief and conduct challenged the authority of the Roman Catholic hierarchy and paved the way for the Protestant Reformation Early church reformer from Prague who paved the way for the Protestant Reformation in Bohemia Thirteenth-century Venetian traveller to China whose published journal stimulated the desire of Europeans for the wealth of the East Inventor of the movable type printing press A deadly disease which was spread by fleas from infected rats and wiped out millions during the Middle Ages Fifth-century B.. Greek physician; the father of medicine Roman emperor who launched the first persecution of Christians in A.D Early Christian writer who stressed that the biblical worldview must serve as the standard in evaluating all competing worldviews King of the Franks who converted to Christianity and ordered his soldiers to be baptized, in keeping with the idea that the ruler s religion determined that of his subjects. 67

15 A New World in View FINAL EXAM A system of localized government that prevailed during the Middle Ages. The relationship of a lord and his vassals in which the vassals paid homage to the lord and performed military service in return for his protection and the use of his land The supposed pardon of sin by Roman Catholic Church author- ities and reduction of punishment in the afterlife, usually upon payment of a fee The cutting off of a believer from the government, fellowship, and sacraments of the Church in the hope that this would bring the believer to repentance and restoration The false belief, popular in the Roman Catholic Church during the Middle Ages, that during the Lord s Supper the bread and wine are changed miraculously into the literal body and blood of Jesus The struggle to rid the Spanish kingdoms of the Muslims Portuguese prince who promoted exploration in the early fifteenth century by establishing an important school of navigation which taught navigation skills, astronomy, and cartography Portuguese navigator who first rounded the Cape of Good Hope and discovered the possibility of a water route to the Indies Ancient Greek philosopher and mathematician whose famous statement Man is the measure of all things sums up the pagan idea of a man-centered universe Map-making Italian explorer who claimed he reached the continent of South America before Columbus did. A German mapmaker named the continent after him and the name stuck Powerful family of Florence, Italy, whose wealth greatly contributed to the growth of the arts during the Renaissance Descendants of Muslim invaders from North Africa who occupied Spain until driven out Portuguese navigator who sailed around Cape of Good Hope, up the east coast of Africa, across the Indian Ocean, and on to India Section of Rome which serves as the residence of the Pope and the center of administration for the Roman Catholic Church Flagship for Columbus s first voyage in treaty imposed by the pope to divide up the non-christian world between Spain and Portugal. 68

16 FINAL EXAM A New World in View Triangular sail which allowed a ship to sail into the wind in a zigzag fashion using the same principle of aerodynamic lift employed by an airplane wing Medieval pseudo-science which sought to turn common metals into gold or silver The name Columbus gave the island he first set foot in the New World Second-century Greek astronomer who drew a surprisingly accurate map of the world showing it as a sphere, although he omitted North and South America The meaning of the name Christopher Ancient Greek philosopher whose scientific ideas were placed on the level of Scripture by Church leaders in the late Middle Ages Books written in the period between Old and New Testaments, which are considered inspired by the Roman Catholics Study of the future or end times Scientists who study the universe as a whole Powerful Indian empire which ruled ancient Mexico from what is now Mexico City Explorer who searched unsuccessfully for the fountain of youth and made the first Spanish landing in North America near Saint Augustine, Florida Great Christian theologian from late fourth- and early fifth-century North Africa who wrote that the earth was spherical in nature Norse explorers and warriors, from present-day Scandinavia, who terrorized much of northern Europe and the British Isles around the tenth century and sent expeditions to North America where they established at least one verifiable settlement around the year Pyramid-shaped towers build by the Aztecs which resemble those built in ancient Babylon and Sumeria which were probably used for astrology and other religious purposes The Spanish soldiers who conquered the Indians of Central and South America To sail completely around Portuguese mariner who led the first voyage to sail completely around the earth, although he died before returning home Norse explorer who discovered North America and attempted to plant colonies there around

17 A New World in View FINAL EXAM Ancient and advanced Indian civilization of the Yucatan Peninsula of Mexico Nineteenth-century American writer who created the myth that church leaders believed in a flat earth in the days of Columbus The universe Ancient Babylonian structure built to reach the heavens. Before its completion, God gave its builders mutually incomprehensible languages which caused them to scatter over the face of the earth A narrow strip of land, bordered on both sides by water, connecting two larger bodies of land The year of our Lord The Spanish explorer who led an expedition across Panama in 1513, becoming the first European to see the Pacific Ocean Irish monk who led a voyage which quite likely discovered North America around A.D His published account of the voyage probably encouraged and guided Christopher Columbus nearly a thousand years later Out of nothing Powerful Indian empire centered in the Andes Mountains of South America Spanish explorer who roamed throughout the American South and was the first European to view the Mississippi River Aztec name for their capital city The current name for the Aztec capital Spanish conquistador and conqueror of the Aztecs Brutal Spanish conqueror of the Inca empire The year of the conquest of the Aztec empire The year of the conquest of the Inca empire Dreaded chief of the Aztecs Former slave, first native Mexican to become a Christian, and interpreter for Spanish in their dealings with Aztec chief The Night of Sadness, in which the Spanish lost nearly 900 men and the Aztec treasure as they sought to escape the Aztec capital The capital city of the Inca empire. 70

18 FINAL EXAM A New World in View The white-skinned and bearded god of Aztec mythology who once ruled and taught the Aztecs about government, agriculture, and metal-working at a time the Aztecs regarded as their golden age. He promised to return in the future Spanish explorer who roamed the American Southwest in search of legendary golden-roofed cities Legendary golden cities of the American Southwest which were the object of a fruitless search by the above Spanish explorer Two-masted sailing vessels used by the Spaniards in a decisive battle with the Aztecs Ruler of the Incas after he won a brutal civil war against his halfbrother. He was in turn conquered by Spanish Official Spanish name for Peru True Cross, the camp established by Spanish as they planned to conquer the Aztec empire The title of the sole ruler of the Incas The first twenty percent of the wealth taken by conquistadors which was reserved for the king of Spain Dominican priest who dedicated his long life to seeking just treatment for the Indians A water route to Asia either north of or through the North American continent which early explorers hoped to find. They never found it because it does not exist Italian explorer who, while in service of the French king, explored the Atlantic coast of North America the nonexistent water route to Asia Missionary priest sent to explore the Mississippi River French explorer who accompanied above missionary priest in search for the mouth of Mississippi River Father of French North America who founded settlement of Quebec The land drained by the Mississippi River and its tributaries; it was named in honor of the French king The idea that all Spaniards in the New World were cruel, barbarous, greedy villains who did nothing but oppress and exploit the Indians French explorer who discovered the St. Lawrence River and claimed much of Canada for France. 71

19 A New World in View FINAL EXAM._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._90._The_system_by_which_chosen_Spanish_colonists_were_entrusted_with_authority_ over_indian_families.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._91._spanish_laws_passed_in_1542_to_end_the_above_system_and establish_guidelines_ for the just treatment of the Indians Indian word meaning community. Through a misunderstand- ing, it became the name for the entire region north of present-day United States The Father of Waters French North America French scout who crossed Lake Michigan and discovered Wisconsin, believing he had reached China Jesuit missionary martyred by the Indians he hoped to convert to Christianity People born of mixed Spanish and Indian blood Settlement on the St. Lawrence River founded by the French in French explorer who sailed down the Mississippi River to the Gulf of Mexico, named the area drained by the Mississippi in honor of French king, and claimed it for France Indian tribe who were enemies of the Huron Indians and of the French. 72

20 Volume 1 A New World in View TEST ANSWERS 74

21 Teacher These tests have been designed to give the teacher several options: Option I: No essay. Student takes only the Identify section of the test. Take three points off for each incorrect answer in questions Option II: Use of essay question. Allow up to 30 points for the essay and distribute points to each test question accordingly. The teacher should feel free to modify the test or the grading standards to suit his or her needs. For a more challenging test, the teacher might give the student a term and ask the student to define or describe it, rather than merely asking the student to remember the term. We recommend the use of essay questions for more advanced students because it will provide good training in recognizing key concepts, organizing data logically, and communicating effectively. We have avoided the more traditional True-False and Multiple-Choice questions because they encourage guessing. Asking the student to provide the answer is a better test of what has been learned. 75

22 A New World in View Test 1 Answers Identify: Octavian (Augustus) Johann Gutenberg Muhammad TesT 1 Answers (Chapters 1 3) 1. Rome s first emperor. 2. Inventor of movable type printing press. 3. Self-appointed prophet of God who started religion of Islam. Nero 4. Roman emperor who launched first persecution of Christians in A.D. 64. Urban II Tertullian John Wycliffe Theodosius Hippocrates John Hus Marco Polo Odoacer Gaius (Caligula) Clovis Kublai Khan Muhammad worldview 5. Pope who launched the first Crusade in 1095 to drive back the armies of Islam. 6. Early Christian writer who stressed that the biblical worldview must serve as the standard in evaluating all competing worldviews. 7. English scholar whose insistence that the Bible alone is the authority for Christians in matters of belief and conduct challenged the authority of the Roman Catholic hierarchy and helped pave the way for the Protestant Reformation. 8. Roman Emperor from A.D. 379 to 395 who declared the empire to be officially Christian, which mistakenly gave the label Christian to many pagans. 9. Fifth-century B.C. Greek physician; the father of medicine. 10. Early church reformer from Prague who paved the way for the Protestant Reformation in Bohemia. 11. Thirteenth-century Venetian traveler to China whose published journal stimulated the desire of Europeans for the wealth of the East. 12. German mercenary who deposed Rome s last emperor in A.D. 476 and thereby brought an end to the Roman Empire. 13. Roman Emperor from A.D. 37 to 41 noted for his incredible cruelty. He demanded to be worshipped as a god and required the Jews to erect a statue of himself in the sacred temple in Jerusalem. 14. King of Franks who converted to Christianity and ordered his soldiers to be baptized, establishing the idea that the ruler s religion determined that of his subjects. 15. Great Mongol Emperor of China. 16. Turkish ruler whose army captured and sacked Constantinople in 1453, bringing an end to the remnants of the Byzantine Empire and setting the stage for a Muslim invasion of Eastern Europe. 17. A set of beliefs about the most important issues of life; a way of viewing or interpreting reality. bubonic plague or Black Death 18. A deadly disease spread by fleas from infected rats which wiped out millions during the Middle Ages. Triune feudal system philosophy 19. A term meaning three in one, as in the Godhead which consists of God the Father, God the Son, and God the Holy Spirit three distinct persons yet one God. 20. The relationship of a lord and his vassals in which the vassals paid homage to the lord and performed military service in return for his protection and the use of his land. 21. The love of wisdom. 76

23 Test 1 Answers A New World in View Cristendom Gothic catholic excommunication Allah Koran (or Qu ran) culture indulgences astrolabe Hippocratic Oath Divine Dominion moveable type printing press Constantinople transubstantiation 22. The entire territory under the influence of Christianity. 23. Medieval style of architecture characterized by high, vaulted ceilings, pointed arches, and flying buttresses. 24. A term meaning universal. 25. The cutting off of an unrepentant member from the government, fellowship, and sacraments of the Church. 26. The name of the god of Muhammad. 27. The holy book of Islam. 28. The sum total of beliefs and ways of living built up by a society and passed on from one generation to the next. 29. The supposed pardon of sin by Roman Catholic Church authorities and reduction of punishment in the afterlife, usually upon payment of a fee. 30. Navigational device used to measure the position of the stars. 31. A pledge formerly made by physicians to respect all life and do no harm to their patients. 32. A biblical concept which states that all lordship belongs to God, that is, that all those with authority must exercise their rule only on God s terms as revealed in Scripture. 33. An invention that set off a revolution in information and publishing and paved the way for the rapid spread of both the teachings of the Protestant Reformation as well as ideas of the riches of distant lands. 34. The capital of the Eastern Roman Empire and the Byzantine Empire which succeeded it. 35. The false belief, popular in the Roman Catholic Church during the Middle Ages, that during the Lord s Supper the bread and wine are changed miraculously into the literal body and blood of Jesus. Essay question Describe the major problems or challenges the Church faced from its beginning through the Middle Ages, and tell what effect these struggles have had on the Church. Some possible answers might include: Persecution by Roman emperors for refusing to worship emperors or state gods: Persecution reduced the ranks of the faithful through death and by frightening away those who were fearful or whose commitment was not strong. Those who remained were strengthened in the faith, thus making the Church itself stronger. Furthermore, the courage of the faithful attracted many to the Church. Christianization of Roman Empire: By forcing everyone in the Empire to convert, many people who were not truly Christian assumed the label Christian. This weakened the Church and made it look much like the pagan world around it. It brought many non-biblical ideas and practices into the Church, causing spiritual confusion. Islam: Muslims often spread their faith by the sword taking the lives of many Christians in their path. Because some elements of Islam are true (for example, the idea that there is but one true 77

24 A New World in View Test 1 Answers God), it has been an effective rival to Christianity, and today Islam has become one of its greatest threats in many parts of the world. Black Death: Besides killing off millions of people, including millions of Christians, the Black Death forced individuals to consider their own mortality and their own sin, for many people believed that the plague was the judgment of God. Heresy and corruption within the Church: Heresy in the Church led many people astray and enslaved the ignorant. However, these corruptions also provoked the Protestant Reformation, a revival of biblical teaching and practice. Persecution of true believers by the Church (of people like Hus): Like the persecutions of the Roman Empire, persecution by the Church may have intimidated some, but provoked a storm of protest which helped lead to the Protestant Reformation when millions of people turned back to true biblical discipleship. Influence of pagan worldviews like Greek and Roman philosophy: This is probably the most difficult to assess because even the most faithful of God s people have been subtly affected by them. One contemporary example is the teaching of evolution by otherwise faithful Christians at many Christian schools and colleges. These are just sample answers. Students may discover others. The teacher might give six points for each example three for listing it and three more for a good explanation of its effect. Partial points could be awarded for an answer which contains some insight but is generally less than satisfactory. The teacher may expect the student to provide at least six examples, in which case each would be worth a total of five points. Grading an essay is highly subjective, but the most important thing for the teacher to remember is to be consistent. Before the test the teacher should give an example of an essay question and show exactly what is expected of the student. But if the teacher is uncomfortable with this type of question, it can be omitted entirely. 78