9. Why is Timur important to world history?

Transcription

1 1. The Hundred Years War between England and France ( ) was comparable to which conflict in Ming China during the fifteenth century? a. a) The Taiping Rebellion Incorrect. The answer is d. Ming China s internal peace forms a strong contrast to the violent fragmentation of Europe in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. (See section European Comparisons: State Building and Cultural Renewal in b. c) The Ming invasion of India Incorrect. The answer is d. Ming China s internal peace forms a strong contrast to the violent fragmentation of Europe in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. (See section European Comparisons: State Building and Cultural Renewal in c. b) The wars against Timur Incorrect. The answer is d. Ming China s internal peace forms a strong contrast to the violent fragmentation of Europe in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. (See section European Comparisons: State Building and Cultural Renewal in d. d) None of these; Ming China was internally unified, unlike Europe Correct. The answer is d. Ming China s internal peace forms a strong contrast to the violent fragmentation of Europe in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. (See section European Comparisons: State Building and Cultural Renewal in 2. Which of the following was an agricultural village society in the fifteenth century? a. c) The Fulbe Incorrect. The answer is a. The Igbo were farmers and did not build a state. (See section Agricultural Village Societies: The Igbo and the Iroquois in b. d) The Chinese Incorrect. The answer is a. The Igbo were farmers and did not build a state. (See section Agricultural Village Societies: The Igbo and the Iroquois in c. b) The Australians Incorrect. The answer is a. The Igbo were farmers and did not build a state. (See section Agricultural Village Societies: The Igbo and the Iroquois in d. a) The Igbo Correct. The answer is a. The Igbo were farmers and did not build a state. (See section Agricultural Village Societies: The Igbo and the Iroquois in

2 3. What society made the Triple Alliance in 1428? a. c) The Italian City-States Incorrect. The answer is a. The Mexica and two nearby city-states made the Triple Alliance in 1428, thus creating what is now known as the Aztec Empire. (See section The Aztec Empire in b. b) The Iroquois Incorrect. The answer is a. The Mexica and two nearby city-states made the Triple Alliance in 1428, thus creating what is now known as the Aztec Empire. (See section The Aztec Empire in c. a) The Aztecs Correct. The answer is a. The Mexica and two nearby city-states made the Triple Alliance in 1428, thus creating what is now known as the Aztec Empire. (See section The Aztec Empire in d. d) The Inca Incorrect. The answer is a. The Mexica and two nearby city-states made the Triple Alliance in 1428, thus creating what is now known as the Aztec Empire. (See section The Aztec Empire in 4. In what way were the Chinookan people of northwestern North America similar to Australians? a. b) Both had simple but effective agriculture, based on raising maize. Incorrect. The answer is c. Both the Chinookan people and the Australians had Paleolithic societies, sustaining themselves by gathering and hunting. (See section Paleolithic Persistence: Australia and North America in b. a) Both peoples had permanent village settlements. Incorrect. The answer is c. Both the Chinookan people and the Australians had Paleolithic societies, sustaining themselves by gathering and hunting. (See section Paleolithic Persistence: Australia and North America in c. d) Both had chiefdoms that were dominated by big men. Incorrect. The answer is c. Both the Chinookan people and the Australians had Paleolithic societies, sustaining themselves by gathering and hunting. (See section Paleolithic Persistence: Australia and North America in d. c) Both lived by gathering and hunting. Correct. The answer is c. Both the Chinookan people and the Australians had Paleolithic societies, sustaining themselves by gathering and hunting. (See section Paleolithic Persistence: Australia and North America in

3 5. In the Songhay Empire, Islam was mostly appealing to a. a) the warrior class. Incorrect. The answer is d. In the Songhay Empire, most converts to Islam were urban elites engaged in trans-saharan trade. (See section On the Frontiers of Islam: The Songhay and Mughal Empires in your b. b) women. Incorrect. The answer is d. In the Songhay Empire, most converts to Islam were urban elites engaged in trans-saharan trade. (See section On the Frontiers of Islam: The Songhay and Mughal Empires in your c. c) agricultural laborers. Incorrect. The answer is d. In the Songhay Empire, most converts to Islam were urban elites engaged in trans-saharan trade. (See section On the Frontiers of Islam: The Songhay and Mughal Empires in your d. d) urban elites. Correct. The answer is d. In the Songhay Empire, most converts to Islam were urban elites engaged in trans-saharan trade. (See section On the Frontiers of Islam: The Songhay and Mughal Empires in your 6. The Renaissance was an era in which educated Europeans sought to return to the sources. What were the sources to which they looked? a. a) The Bible and works of early Christian authors Incorrect. The answer is b. Renaissance thinkers especially celebrated Greco-Roman tradition. (See section European Comparisons: State Building and Cultural Renewal in b. c) Paleolithic technology and culture Incorrect. The answer is b. Renaissance thinkers especially celebrated Greco-Roman tradition. (See section European Comparisons: State Building and Cultural Renewal in c. b) Latin and Greek literature and art Correct. The answer is b. Renaissance thinkers especially celebrated Greco-Roman tradition. (See section European Comparisons: State Building and Cultural Renewal in d. d) The works of Confucius Incorrect. The answer is b. Renaissance thinkers especially celebrated Greco-Roman tradition. (See section European Comparisons: State Building and Cultural Renewal in

4 7. The agricultural civilizations of West Africa were characterized by what kind(s) of government? a. c) A mixture of stateless societies and more highly centralized kingdoms Correct. The answer is c. The West African agricultural civilizations included the states of Yoruba and Bini as well as the stateless Igbo. (See section Agricultural Village Societies: Igbo and the Iroquois in b. b) Stateless societies only Incorrect. The answer is c. The West African agricultural civilizations included the states of Yoruba and Bini as well as the stateless Igbo. (See section Agricultural Village Societies: Igbo and the Iroquois in c. a) Highly centralized kingdoms only Incorrect. The answer is c. The West African agricultural civilizations included the states of Yoruba and Bini as well as the stateless Igbo. (See section Agricultural Village Societies: Igbo and the Iroquois in d. d) Only gatherer-hunter peoples were found in the region Incorrect. The answer is c. The West African agricultural civilizations included the states of Yoruba and Bini as well as the stateless Igbo. (See section Agricultural Village Societies: Igbo and the Iroquois in 8. Which of the following statements is true about women in Mesoamerican and Andean societies? a. c) Women s domestic tasks were regarded as demeaning and unimportant. Incorrect. The answer is a. The civilizations of the Americas practiced gender parallelism, regarding women and men as operating in two separate but equivalent spheres. (See section The Inca Empire in b. b) Women as well as men took an active part in war. Incorrect. The answer is a. The civilizations of the Americas practiced gender parallelism, regarding women and men as operating in two separate but equivalent spheres. (See section The Inca Empire in c. a) Both societies practiced gender parallelism. Correct. The answer is a. The civilizations of the Americas practiced gender parallelism, regarding women and men as operating in two separate but equivalent spheres. (See section The Inca Empire in d. d) Women often took a leading role in political life. Incorrect. The answer is a. The civilizations of the Americas practiced gender parallelism, regarding women and men as operating in two separate but equivalent spheres. (See section The Inca Empire in

5 9. Why is Timur important to world history? a. d) Timur commanded an enormous Chinese fleet that helped establish Chinese power in the Indian Ocean. Incorrect. The answer is b. Timur modeled his career on that of Chinggis Khan and conquered a great empire, although it disintegrated soon after his death. (See section Pastoral Peoples: Central Asia and West Africa in b. a) Timur was the greatest ruler of the Songhay Empire. Incorrect. The answer is b. Timur modeled his career on that of Chinggis Khan and conquered a great empire, although it disintegrated soon after his death. (See section Pastoral Peoples: Central Asia and West Africa in c. c) Timur was the patron god of the Aztecs. Incorrect. The answer is b. Timur modeled his career on that of Chinggis Khan and conquered a great empire, although it disintegrated soon after his death. (See section Pastoral Peoples: Central Asia and West Africa in d. b) Timur was a great conqueror who devastated much of Asia in the period around Correct. The answer is b. Timur modeled his career on that of Chinggis Khan and conquered a great empire, although it disintegrated soon after his death. (See section Pastoral Peoples: Central Asia and West Africa in 10. This people reestablished a civil service examination system in the fifteenth century and used it to create a highly centralized government. a. b) The Iroquois Incorrect. The answer is c. The Ming Dynasty restored the government of China after the disruptions of the Mongol invasions. (See section Ming Dynasty China in b. c) The Chinese Correct. The answer is c. The Ming Dynasty restored the government of China after the disruptions of the Mongol invasions. (See section Ming Dynasty China in c. a) The Aztecs Incorrect. The answer is c. The Ming Dynasty restored the government of China after the disruptions of the Mongol invasions. (See section Ming Dynasty China in d. d) The Europeans Incorrect. The answer is c. The Ming Dynasty restored the government of China after the disruptions of the Mongol invasions. (See section Ming Dynasty China in

6 11. The capital of the Aztec Empire was a. c) Samarkand Incorrect. The answer is a. Tenochtitlán was a major city with a population of 150, ,000 that served as capital of the Aztec Empire. (See section The Aztec Empire in b. b) Teotihuacán Incorrect. The answer is a. Tenochtitlán was a major city with a population of 150, ,000 that served as capital of the Aztec Empire. (See section The Aztec Empire in c. a) Tenochtitlán Correct. The answer is a. Tenochtitlán was a major city with a population of 150, ,000 that served as capital of the Aztec Empire. (See section The Aztec Empire in d. d) Timbuktu Incorrect. The answer is a. Tenochtitlán was a major city with a population of 150, ,000 that served as capital of the Aztec Empire. (See section The Aztec Empire in 12. Where was the Muslim port city of Malacca, noted for its trade and its blending of cultures? a. c) In the Persian Gulf Incorrect. The answer is b. Malacca s strategic location between Sumatra and Malaya made it a major mercantile center and a point where Asian traditions blended with Islam. (See section On the Frontiers of Islam: The Songhay and Mughal Empires in b. d) In Egypt Incorrect. The answer is b. Malacca s strategic location between Sumatra and Malaya made it a major mercantile center and a point where Asian traditions blended with Islam. (See section On the Frontiers of Islam: The Songhay and Mughal Empires in c. a) In West Africa Incorrect. The answer is b. Malacca s strategic location between Sumatra and Malaya made it a major mercantile center and a point where Asian traditions blended with Islam. (See section On the Frontiers of Islam: The Songhay and Mughal Empires in d. b) On the waterway between Sumatra and Malaya Correct. The answer is b. Malacca s strategic location between Sumatra and Malaya made it a major mercantile center and a point where Asian traditions blended with Islam. (See section On the Frontiers of Islam: The Songhay and Mughal Empires in

7 13. What is a Sufi? a. d) A wandering singer and storyteller in traditional West African society Incorrect. The answer is b. Sufis are Muslim holy men (and, much more rarely, women), many of whom played important roles as missionaries who spread the teachings of Islam. (See section On the Frontiers of Islam: The Songhay and Mughal Empires in b. a) A Muslim ruler of West Africa Incorrect. The answer is b. Sufis are Muslim holy men (and, much more rarely, women), many of whom played important roles as missionaries who spread the teachings of Islam. (See section On the Frontiers of Islam: The Songhay and Mughal Empires in c. c) A book of the Quran Incorrect. The answer is b. Sufis are Muslim holy men (and, much more rarely, women), many of whom played important roles as missionaries who spread the teachings of Islam. (See section On the Frontiers of Islam: The Songhay and Mughal Empires in d. b) A Muslim holy person Correct. The answer is b. Sufis are Muslim holy men (and, much more rarely, women), many of whom played important roles as missionaries who spread the teachings of Islam. (See section On the Frontiers of Islam: The Songhay and Mughal Empires in 14. What form of government did the Iroquois Five Nations have? a. c) A chiefdom dominated by big men Incorrect. The answer is d. The Iroquois confederation council consisted of about 50 clan leaders who settled disputes. (See section Agricultural Village Societies: The Igbo and the Iroquois in your b. b) No government at all Incorrect. The answer is d. The Iroquois confederation council consisted of about 50 clan leaders who settled disputes. (See section Agricultural Village Societies: The Igbo and the Iroquois in your c. d) A loose confederation regulated by a council of clan leaders Correct. The answer is d. The Iroquois confederation council consisted of about 50 clan leaders who settled disputes. (See section Agricultural Village Societies: The Igbo and the Iroquois in your d. a) A kingdom Incorrect. The answer is d. The Iroquois confederation council consisted of about 50 clan leaders who settled disputes. (See section Agricultural Village Societies: The Igbo and the Iroquois in your

8 15. In what ways did the Inca and Aztec empires differ substantially from each other? a. b) The Inca Empire was much smaller than the Aztec Empire. Incorrect. The answer is c. The Inca created a considerable bureaucracy, including local officials, inspectors, and the keeping of vital population data. (See section The Inca Empire in b. a) The Inca Empire promoted women s equality more than the Aztec. Incorrect. The answer is c. The Inca created a considerable bureaucracy, including local officials, inspectors, and the keeping of vital population data. (See section The Inca Empire in c. d) The Inca Empire did not draw upon earlier cultures in its region; the Aztecs did. Incorrect. The answer is c. The Inca created a considerable bureaucracy, including local officials, inspectors, and the keeping of vital population data. (See section The Inca Empire in d. c) The Inca Empire built an elaborate bureaucracy to integrate its subjects; the Aztecs did not. Correct. The answer is c. The Inca created a considerable bureaucracy, including local officials, inspectors, and the keeping of vital population data. (See section The Inca Empire in 16. What was the purpose of Zheng He s expeditions? a. d) The expeditions were religious in nature and intended to spread knowledge of Buddhism. b. Incorrect. The answer is b. Zheng He s expeditions were voyages to establish Chinese power and prestige and exert Chinese control over trade in the Indian Ocean. (See section Ming Dynasty China in b) The expeditions were intended to establish Chinese prestige in the Indian Ocean and to control foreign trade. Correct. The answer is b. Zheng He s expeditions were voyages to establish Chinese power and prestige and exert Chinese control over trade in the Indian Ocean. (See section Ming Dynasty China in your c. a) The expeditions were intended to find the New World. Incorrect. The answer is b. Zheng He s expeditions were voyages to establish Chinese power and prestige and exert Chinese control over trade in the Indian Ocean. (See section Ming Dynasty China in d. c) The expeditions were intended to conquer new territories for the Ming emperors. Incorrect. The answer is b. Zheng He s expeditions were voyages to establish Chinese power and prestige and exert Chinese control over trade in the Indian Ocean. (See section Ming Dynasty China in

9 17. Which Islamic state of the fifteenth century especially sought to bring unity to the Islamic world and to serve as the strong sword of Islam by protecting the mainstream Sunni faith? a. b) The Safavid Empire Incorrect. The answer is a. Ottoman sultans claimed the title successor to the Prophet and regarded themselves as heirs of the Abbasid Empire. (See section In the Islamic Heartland: The Ottoman and Safavid Empires in b. a) The Ottoman Empire Correct. The answer is a. Ottoman sultans claimed the title successor to the Prophet and regarded themselves as heirs of the Abbasid Empire. (See section In the Islamic Heartland: The Ottoman and Safavid Empires in c. d) The Mughal Empire Incorrect. The answer is a. Ottoman sultans claimed the title successor to the Prophet and regarded themselves as heirs of the Abbasid Empire. (See section In the Islamic Heartland: The Ottoman and Safavid Empires in d. c) The Songhay Empire Incorrect. The answer is a. Ottoman sultans claimed the title successor to the Prophet and regarded themselves as heirs of the Abbasid Empire. (See section In the Islamic Heartland: The Ottoman and Safavid Empires in 18. Which of the following was a policy of the Inca Empire? a. d) Voyages of exploration to add new lands to the empire Incorrect. The answer is c. Insistence the conquered leaders learn Quechua was one of many steps the Inca rulers took to assure cultural integration. (See section The Inca Empire in b. c) Requiring leaders of conquered peoples to learn Quechua, the Inca language Correct. The answer is c. Insistence the conquered leaders learn Quechua was one of many steps the Inca rulers took to assure cultural integration. (See section The Inca Empire in c. a) Human sacrifice of slaves and captured warriors Incorrect. The answer is c. Insistence the conquered leaders learn Quechua was one of many steps the Inca rulers took to assure cultural integration. (See section The Inca Empire in d. b) Wide-reaching demands for tribute from conquered peoples Incorrect. The answer is c. Insistence the conquered leaders learn Quechua was one of many steps the Inca rulers took to assure cultural integration. (See section The Inca Empire in

10 19. Which Renaissance author wrote The Prince, a political treatise that analyzed how to gain success in the cutthroat world of his time? a. c) Niccolò Machiavelli Correct. The answer is c. Machiavelli s The Prince is a famous example of the turn toward secular subjects during the Renaissance. (See section European Comparisons: State Building and Cultural Renewal in b. d) Christine de Pizan Incorrect. The answer is c. Machiavelli s The Princes is a famous example of the turn toward secular subjects during the Renaissance. (See section European Comparisons: State Building and Cultural Renewal in c. b) Leonardo da Vinci Incorrect. The answer is c. Machiavelli s The Princes is a famous example of the turn toward secular subjects during the Renaissance. (See section European Comparisons: State Building and Cultural Renewal in d. a) Leo Africanus Incorrect. The answer is c. Machiavelli s The Princes is a famous example of the turn toward secular subjects during the Renaissance. (See section European Comparisons: State Building and Cultural Renewal in 20. Which country s explorers were the first to reach Asia by sailing around the tip of South Africa? a. a) England Incorrect. The answer is d. Vasco da Gama of Portugal set out in 1497 on a voyage that reached the Indian Ocean by way of southern Africa. (See section European Comparisons: Maritime Voyaging in b. d) Portugal Correct. The answer is d. Vasco da Gama of Portugal set out in 1497 on a voyage that reached the Indian Ocean by way of southern Africa. (See section European Comparisons: Maritime Voyaging in your c. b) Spain Incorrect. The answer is d. Vasco da Gama of Portugal set out in 1497 on a voyage that reached the Indian Ocean by way of southern Africa. (See section European Comparisons: Maritime Voyaging in d. c) The Papal State Incorrect. The answer is d. Vasco da Gama of Portugal set out in 1497 on a voyage that reached the Indian Ocean by way of southern Africa. (See section European Comparisons: Maritime Voyaging in

11 21. Which Muslim state ended the Christian Byzantine Empire by conquering Constantinople in 1453? a. d) Ayyubid Empire Incorrect. The answer is a. The Ottomans crowned more than a century of conquests in Europe with the conquest of Constantinople in (See the chapter introduction in b. a) Ottoman Empire Correct. The answer is a. The Ottomans crowned more than a century of conquests in Europe with the conquest of Constantinople in (See the chapter introduction in c. c) Mamluk Empire Incorrect. The answer is a. The Ottomans crowned more than a century of conquests in Europe with the conquest of Constantinople in (See the chapter introduction in d. b) Safavid Empire Incorrect. The answer is a. The Ottomans crowned more than a century of conquests in Europe with the conquest of Constantinople in (See the chapter introduction in 22. Which of the following is true of gathering and hunting societies in the fifteenth century C.E.? a. c) They still existed in sizable numbers in the fifteenth century. b. Correct. The answer is c. Much of the world still hosted gathering and hunting societies in the fifteenth century. (See section Paleolithic Persistence: Australia and North America in b) They only survived by avoiding interaction of any sort with the farming communities that surrounded them. Incorrect. The answer is c. Much of the world still hosted gathering and hunting societies in the fifteenth century. (See section Paleolithic Persistence: Australia and North America in c. d) Most of them had adopted at least simple agricultural practices by the fifteenth century. Incorrect. The answer is c. Much of the world still hosted gathering and hunting societies in the fifteenth century. (See section Paleolithic Persistence: Australia and North America in d. a) They were almost completely extinct, surviving only in tiny pockets of land. Incorrect. The answer is c. Much of the world still hosted gathering and hunting societies in the fifteenth century. (See section Paleolithic Persistence: Australia and North America in 23. Where did the Igbo live? a. b) In North America in the region that is now central New York State Incorrect. The answer is a. The Igbo peoples made their home east of the Niger River. (See section Agricultural Village Societies: The Igbo and the Iroquois in b. d) In Central Asia Incorrect. The answer is a. The Igbo peoples made their home east of the Niger River. (See section Agricultural Village Societies: The Igbo and the Iroquois in c. a) In the heavily forested region east of the Niger River in West Africa Correct. The answer is a. The Igbo peoples made their home east of the Niger River. (See section Agricultural Village Societies: The Igbo and the Iroquois in d. c) In Australia Incorrect. The answer is a. The Igbo peoples made their home east of the Niger River. (See section Agricultural Village Societies: The Igbo and the Iroquois in

12 24. Samarkand was part of what state? a. a) The Ottoman Empire Incorrect. The answer is d. The Central Asian state created by Timur had as its capital Samarkand, a major trading city that combined Turkic and Persian elements. (See section Pastoral Peoples: Central Asia and West Africa in b. c) The Inca Empire Incorrect. The answer is d. The Central Asian state created by Timur had as its capital Samarkand, a major trading city that combined Turkic and Persian elements. (See section Pastoral Peoples: Central Asia and West Africa in c. b) The Songhay Empire Incorrect. The answer is d. The Central Asian state created by Timur had as its capital Samarkand, a major trading city that combined Turkic and Persian elements. (See section Pastoral Peoples: Central Asia and West Africa in d. d) The state created by Timur Correct. The answer is d. The Central Asian state created by Timur had as its capital Samarkand, a major trading city that combined Turkic and Persian elements. (See section Pastoral Peoples: Central Asia and West Africa in 25. This Chinese dynasty ended Mongol rule in China and worked hard to erase evidence of the foreign incursion. a. d) Song dynasty Incorrect. The answer is c. The Ming dynasty, which held power from 1368 to 1644, marked a return to traditional Chinese ways and a serious effort to erase all signs of the Mongol rule that preceded their rise to power. (See section Ming Dynasty China in b. b) Qing dynasty Incorrect. The answer is c. The Ming dynasty, which held power from 1368 to 1644, marked a return to traditional Chinese ways and a serious effort to erase all signs of the Mongol rule that preceded their rise to power. (See section Ming Dynasty China in c. c) Ming dynasty Correct. The answer is c. The Ming dynasty, which held power from 1368 to 644, marked a return to traditional Chinese ways and a serious effort to erase all signs of the Mongol rule that preceded their rise to power. (See section Ming Dynasty China in d. a) Yuan dynasty Incorrect. The answer is c. The Ming dynasty, which held power from 1368 to 1644, marked a return to traditional Chinese ways and a serious effort to erase all signs of the Mongol rule that preceded their rise to power. (See section Ming Dynasty China in

13 26. Which of the following statements is true of Europe in the fifteenth century? a. d) Europe was made up of small and independent states that competed strongly with each other. Correct. The answer is d. The constant competition between the small, independent states of Europe is often regarded as a reason why Europe began to rise to world dominance by the sixteenth century. (See section European Comparisons: State Building and Cultural Renewal in b. a) Exhausted by the plague, Europeans did not have the population or the energy for major wars. c. d. Incorrect. The answer is d. The constant competition between the small, independent states of Europe is often regarded as a reason why Europe began to rise to world dominance by the sixteenth century. (See section European Comparisons: State Building and Cultural Renewal in b) Spain rapidly took the lead, as it was the only European state to learn to tax its citizens more efficiently in the fifteenth century. Incorrect. The answer is d. The constant competition between the small, independent states of Europe is often regarded as a reason why Europe began to rise to world dominance by the sixteenth century. (See section European Comparisons: State Building and Cultural Renewal in c) Still reeling from the effects of the plague, culture in Europe remained stagnant through the end of the century. Incorrect. The answer is d. The constant competition between the small, independent states of Europe is often regarded as a reason why Europe began to rise to world dominance by the sixteenth century. (See section European Comparisons: State Building and Cultural Renewal in 27. What is a humanist in the Renaissance sense? a. b. a) A Renaissance scholar who dealt with secular topics with an emphasis on returning to the sources of ancient Greece and Rome Correct. The answer is a. Humanism was the chief intellectual movement of the Renaissance, as scholars turned their attention to recovering not just the works but the spirit of ancient Greece and Rome. (See section European Comparisons: State Building and Cultural Renewal in c) A Renaissance artist whose work is self-consciously naturalistic, especially in portrayal of the human body Incorrect. The answer is a. Humanism was the chief intellectual movement of the Renaissance, as scholars turned their attention to recovering not just the works but the spirit of ancient Greece and Rome. (See section European Comparisons: State Building and Cultural Renewal in c. b) A Church reformer Incorrect. The answer is a. Humanism was the chief intellectual movement of the Renaissance, as scholars turned their attention to recovering not just the works but the spirit of ancient Greece and Rome. (See section European Comparisons: State Building and Cultural Renewal in d. d) A European explorer Incorrect. The answer is a. Humanism was the chief intellectual movement of the Renaissance, as scholars turned their attention to recovering not just the works but the spirit of ancient Greece and Rome. (See section European Comparisons: State Building and Cultural Renewal in

14 28. The European mariner who in 1497 was the first to reach India by rounding South Africa was a. d) Marco Polo Incorrect. The answer is b. In 1497, the Portuguese mariner Vasco da Gama was the first to reach India by rounding South Africa. (See section European Comparisons: Maritime Voyaging in b. c) Ponce de Leon Incorrect. The answer is b. In 1497, the Portuguese mariner Vasco da Gama was the first to reach India by rounding South Africa. (See section European Comparisons: Maritime Voyaging in c. a) Christopher Columbus Incorrect. The answer is b. In 1497, the Portuguese mariner Vasco da Gama was the first to reach India by rounding South Africa. (See section European Comparisons: Maritime Voyaging in d. b) Vasco da Gama Correct. The answer is b. In 1497, the Portuguese mariner Vasco da Gama was the first to reach India by rounding South Africa. (See section European Comparisons: Maritime Voyaging in 29. Which Islamic state ruled the area that is now Iran from 1501 until 1736? a. b) The Ottoman Empire Incorrect. The answer is a. The Shi ite Safavid dynasty ruled Iran for over two centuries, expending much of its energy in fighting the Sunni Ottoman Empire to its west. (See section In the Islamic Heartland: The Ottoman and Safavid Empires in b. a) The Safavid Empire Correct. The answer is a. The Shi ite Safavid dynasty ruled Iran for over two centuries, expending much of its energy in fighting the Sunni Ottoman Empire to its west. (See section In the Islamic Heartland: The Ottoman and Safavid Empires in c. d) The Abbasid Caliphate Incorrect. The answer is a. The Shi ite Safavid dynasty ruled Iran for over two centuries, expending much of its energy in fighting the Sunni Ottoman Empire to its west. (See section In the Islamic Heartland: The Ottoman and Safavid Empires in d. c) The Mughal Empire Incorrect. The answer is a. The Shi ite Safavid dynasty ruled Iran for over two centuries, expending much of its energy in fighting the Sunni Ottoman Empire to its west. (See section In the Islamic Heartland: The Ottoman and Safavid Empires in