GEOG 3762 Geography of Europe

Transcription

1 Lecture Overview GEOG 3762 Geography of Europe Fall 2008 Dr. Olaf Kuhlke Week 1 Introduc@on to the Course Website Syllabus Technology tools Lecture and Discussion Ideas of Europe Discussion of Radio Broadcast with T.R. Reid Ideas of Europe What is Europe? A Region Regions are socially constructed Formal Region Func@onal Region Vernacular Region Defined by Leitmo5fs = Ideas, values, images, attudes, stereotypes Boundary Defini@on Sta@c Legal Uniformity The State of Iowa a Formal Region 1

2 Europe as a Formal Region Europe as a Formal Region Example of a Func@onal Region Network Interconnec@on Integra@on Dynamic Europe as a Formal Region 2

3 Example of a Vernacular Region Europe as a Region License plates ozen depict regional sen+ment and imagina@vely describe the self assigned character of a region. Ideas of Europe What is Europe? What defines it? European Leitmo5fs Ideas and Images of Europe Student Survey: What is Europe to you? Ideas Images Products Values Experiences Ideas of Europe What is Europe? What defines it? European Leitmo5fs Roman Empire Chris@aniza@on of Europe The Renaissance The Age of Reason European Na@onalism European Integra@on 3

4 1 The Roman Empire How did Rome shape the idea of Europe? Create unified poli@cal complex Greek civiliza@on Create single cultural complex Urban culture Civiliza@on vs. barbarism The Roman Empire at the height of its poli%cal power and maximum geographic expansion Leitmo@f 2 The Chris@aniza@on of Europe How did Chris@anity shape the idea of Europe? Create single cultural complex Chris@aniza@on of Roman Empire Edict of Milan 313 Establishment of Catholic Doctrine The gradual spread of Chris%anity to Europe 4

5 2 The Chris@aniza@on of Europe How did Chris@anity shape the idea of Europe? Unite and divide parts of Europe repeatedly Split of the Roman Empire 395 End of the Roman Empire 476 Split of Roman Catholic and Orthodox Church 1054 The Roman Empire azer its split in 395, divided into an Eastern and a Western Sec@on Visigoth Migra@on that challenged and destroyed the the unity of the Roman Empire The fragmented Western Empire at the beginning of Frankish expansion 5

6 Europe at the Eve of Muslim expansion, under Frankish dominance Europe under Muslim influence, prior to the the crusades Europe following Muslim expansion, under Frankish dominance Europe in 1360, following unifying influence of the crusades 6

7 2 The Chris@aniza@on of Europe How did Chris@anity shape the idea of Europe? Unite and divide parts of Europe repeatedly Split of Roman Catholic and Protestant Church Europe at the Eve of Reforma@on another divisive movement Leitmo@f 3 The Renaissance Modern European religious divisions following the reforma@on What did Europe experience in the renaissance? Expansion of capitalist mode of produc@on Reorganiza@on of medieval economies and socie@es Weakening influence of the church Rise of Science Machiavelli: U@litarian State Theory Absolu@sm Rise of City States Increased economic coopera@on Forma@on of trade leagues 7

8 Example of European Trade Leagues Extent of the League The League Independent city states Luebeck Law Common Currency Trade and civil law economic network Example of European Trade Leagues Legal of the League Independent city states Luebeck Law Common Currency Trade and civil law economic network Defense network Images from Luebeck 8

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10 4 The Age of Reason How did the age of reason reshape Europe? Gradual Establishment of Cons@tu@onal Monarchy Division of powers Execu@ve, legisla@ve, and judica@ve End of Feudalism French Revolu@on of 1789 Reign of Napoleon I. ( ) 10

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12 5 European Na@onalism Why did European na@on states form? Congress of Vienna 1815 Reac@on to Napoleon s poli@cs of expansion Balance of power Restora@on of monarchic power Na@onalism, liberalism and later socialism surface as a response Two forms of na@onalism Etat Na5on Kulturna5on Leitmo@f 5 European Na@onalism What are the consequences of clashing na@onalisms? Forma@on of sovereign na@on states in the 19th Century European Supremacy Thinking Imperialism An@ semi@sm Evolu@onary thinking Social Darwinism Results of World Wars I and II lead to suprana@onalism and increased integra@on Leitmo@f 6 European Integra@on What were the reasons for European Integra@on? Longstanding poli@cal and economic conflict Germany France Mutual (shared) control of resources Discussion Where does Europe stand today? T.R. Reid Interview of November 2, 2004 What are the fundamental differences between Europe and the United States? How powerful is the EU already and what will it become? 12