Ideas of the Enlightenment
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1 Ideas of the Enlightenment Freedom from oppression & Absolutism Freedom from slavery & needless Warfare Attacked medieval & feudal society Suspicious of superstition & church Supported free speech & religion Free trade & Free Press spread ideas Freedom to reason (to think independently) Progress can be made here and now! Confidence in the ability to discover how the world works Question authority: may I say God? Supporter of empiricism, pragmatism, & reason Natural Rights: Universal rights that all mankind posses bestowed to them by God Cannot be infringed by any gov t or ruler Examples Life, Happiness, Privacy, Free Thought, Expression, & Religious toleration
2 Open notebook Quiz on Scientific Revolution (have notes out) All I ll say the quiz is on is the Scientific Revolution. Have ONE piece of loose leaf out and tear it in half. Write on top of your quiz Name Period Date Global 3 & 4
3 Quiz Scientific Revolution 1. Johann Kepler showed using mathematical formulas that the planets orbit the sun not in perfect circles, but (a shape). 2. Galileo was one of the first astronomers to use this instrument? 3. Write the NAMES of the TWO Ancient Greek astronomers who proposed & argued that the earth was the center of the Universe. 4. Who was the first scientist to propose the Heliocentric model of the Universe?
4 Instructional Aim: What were the characteristics of the Enlightenment? DO NOW: Set up your notes titled The Enlightenment Behavioral Aim: SW either work on their essay outline or their Enlightenment chart Essential Questions: What are natural rights? How is the Enlightenment a result of the Scientific Revolution? CCS: World History Assignments: Essay Outline due Tuesday Nov. 13
5 Enlightenment Background: An 18 th century intellectual mov t beginning after the Sci. Rev. in late 1600s to 1789 The Scientific Rev. attempted to understand the natural world, So why couldn t Man understand problems of the human world? Origins: Began in Paris & spread throughout western & Northern Europe
6 Homeroom Need assistance after school if anyone is interested Grades.
7 Instructional Aim: What were the core principles of the Enlightenment? How do they reflect our values today? DO NOW: Sit in your groups Behavioral Aim: SW either work on their essay outline or their Enlightenment chart Essential Questions: What are natural rights? How is the Enlightenment a result of the Scientific Revolution? CCS: World History Assignments: CW#1 Enlightenment Group assignment Quiz#3 on Enlightenment Thursday
8 Core Principles of Enlightenment 1. Progress thinkers believed Man was capable of improving the conditions of human life 2. Expansion of Liberty man should be free Free speech & religion (tolerance!) Free trade & Free Press spread ideas Free from tyrannical gov t 3. Use of Reason (rationale) to gain knowledge Man should use his mind & reason & not blind faith to find truth 4. Individualism every human is capable of moral & self improvement. He/she is born with basic nat. rights
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10 Republic of Letters Community of scholars & Philosophes who communicated their thoughts through the written word Letters, pamphlets, novels, poetry etc. Paris - home to Salons where educated upper class men would meet to discuss ideas of Philosophes Berlin, London, & Vienna Often, women hosted these gatherings in their homes Salon in France
11 A British Coffeehouse
12 Classwork Group assignment Pages
13 AIM: Who were the major thinkers of the Enlightenment & what were their ideas? DO NOW: Take out your notes from Monday, we will continue where we left off Assignments: 1. HW#6 Hobbes Paraphrasing due tomorrow 2. HW#1 Notes pgs (& define all terms at beginning of chapter) due when we get back 3. Period 8 (ONLY) pgs Standards: II World History
14 Thomas Hobbes (b ) English philosopher greatly affected by English Civil War & execution of Charles I Wrote the The Leviathan Belief: Man is naturally greedy & selfish Hobbes Social contract people surrender rights in exchange for protection from an Absolute Ruler Without a strong Monarch, man will always be in a state of WAR with each other Thomas Hobbes
15 John Locke (b ) Wrote Two Treatises on Government (1689) Beliefs - 1. Man could learn through experience & was capable of good 2. supporter of Man s Natural Rights 3. Man is born with a blank slate, knowledge is acquired through experience 4. Monarchies based on social contract with those ruled Thus power came from the consent of the governed 5. Any ruler violating the Soc. Contract could be overthrown John Locke
16 Baron de Montesquieu (b ) French Philosopher Beliefs: The Persian Letters (1721) Satire of FR state Criticized French monarchy Rejected slavery Spirits of Laws (1748) Political treatise that comments on proper type of Gov t Argued that a nation s gov t was influenced by its religion, tradition, & culture Supported a separation of powers where no branch became too powerful Baron de Montesquieu
17 AIM: Who were the major thinkers of the Enlightenment & what were their ideas? DO NOW: Take out your notes from Tuesday, we will continue where we left off Assignments: 1. HW#6 Hobbes Paraphrasing due TODAY 2. HW#1 Notes pgs (& define all terms at beginning of chapter) due when we get back 3. Period 8 (ONLY) pgs Standards: II World History
18 Jean-Jacques Rousseau Jean-Jacques Rousseau (b ) French philosopher Beliefs: Man was naturally good, but society corrupted nature of man The Social Contract (1762) Divine right monarchies repress people s freedom The People are the ones who have sovereignty, not Kings People should form a contract that safeguards against people s liberty Any gov t be it a legislature or monarchy represents the will of the people
19 Voltaire (b ) French philosopher, greatest writer of his day! Published Candide (1759) - satire Beliefs: 1. Thought Absolute Monarchs that supported arts & literature were best Friends with Frederick the Great of Prussia Enlightened Absolutism 2. Supporter of Individual Liberties Free press, religion, 3. Critical of Church & superstition Argued that religion made man more intolerant, stupid, & violent
20 Classwork: Complete HW#6 on Hobbes hand in end of period 2. Work on CW#1 Charts on Enlightened thinkers 3. Work on HW#1 Notes pgs
21 AIM: Who were the Physiocrats and what were their theories on economics? DO NOW: Set up your notes titled Physiocrats Assignments: 1. HW#2 Read the Persian Letters & take notes 2. Quiz#1 Enlightenment Wednesday Standards: II World History
22 Instructional Aim: Who were the major thinkers of the Enlightenment & what were their ideas? DO NOW: Sit in your groups & continue your notes from yesterday Behavioral Aim: SW either work on their essay outline or their Enlightenment chart Essential Questions: What are natural rights? How is the Enlightenment a result of the Scientific Revolution? CCS: World History Assignments: Quiz#3 on Enlightenment Thursday HW#6 Notes pgs
23 Denis Diderot ( ) French Philosophe who published 17 vol. Encyclopedie ( ) Contained Scientific, historical, & technical knowledge of world Attempted to incorporate all the world s knowledge Critical of the Catholic religion, noble privilege, & superstition Distinguished philosophes contributed to the work Voltaire, Montesquieu, & Rousseau 25,000 sets sold before 1789!
24 Physiocrats Developed first well know theory about how a nation s economy gathers wealth Wealth comes from all the value of all production of goods & development of agriculture Opposed Mercantile system that restricted economies from trading. Believed in free trade & a system where gov t would allow business to operate without interference This is called Laissez Faire system
25 Adam Smith (b ) Scottish economist Wealth of Nations (1776) Believed national wealth would grow if countries would eliminate barriers to trade (like taxes & import duties) Criticized mercantilism because of its restrictions on trade. Individuals acting out of self-interest will promote public good EX: How you need new shoes for school & purchase them at a store You benefit by getting your own shoes & willing pay & the store benefits by selling them for a profit.
26 Enlightened Despots European monarchs who accepted many Enlightened ideas Ruled, not from divine right, but a social contract to govern wisely More tolerant, supported arts & sciences Yet, they did not believe in a democratic gov t
27 The Enlightenment Major characteristics Believed servants for the state, not rulers of the people Favored toleration of religion Claimed no mandate from God to rule no divine right limited power of Church
28 The Enlightenment Catherine the Great Empress of Russia ( ) Worked with Philosophes from France like Diderot She bought his library Allowed for some religious toleration Restricted use of torture But she never freed the serfs Catherine the Great
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