Kinder Morgan Trans Mountain Pipeline Route Within Secwepemc Territory

Transcription

1 Kinde Mogan Tans Mountain Pipeline Route Within Secwepemc Teitoy Kinde Mogan Pipeline & 50 km Buffe Within BC Albeda Blue Rive Avola Vavenby Dafield Kamloops Meitt Chilliwack Abbotsfod 1 cm = 20 km Taditional Use Sites of Selected ALIB & Neskonlith Membes Mapped in 1997) Towns and Cities Legend Rives Kinde Mogan Tans Mountain Pipeline Secwepemc Teitoy pso n ive R on Sou th Th Riv e om e pson R No th Tho m om ps i v Rive e BC F a s h T km

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3 Memoial TO SIR WILFRID LAURIER, PREMIER OF THE DOMINION OF CANADA Dea Si and Fathe, Fom the Chiefs of the Shuswap, Okanagan and Couteau Tibes of Bitish Columbia. Pesented at Kamloops, 25th August, 1910 We take this oppotunity of you visiting Kamloops to speak a few wods to you. We welcome you hee, and we ae glad we have met you in ou county. We want you to be inteested in us, and to undestand moe fully the conditions unde which we live. We expect much of you as the head of this geat Canadian Nation, and feel confident that you will see that we eceive fai and honoable teatment. Ou confidence in you has inceased since we have noted of late the attitude of you govenment towads the Indian ights movement of this county and we hope that with you help ou wongs may at last be ighted. We speak to you the moe feely because you ae a membe of the white ace with whom we fist became acquainted, and which we call in ou tongue eal whites. One hunded yeas next yea they came amongst us hee at Kamloops and eected a tading post. Afte the othe whites came to this county in 1858 we diffeentiated them fom the fist whites as thei mannes wee so much diffeent, and we applied the tem eal whites to the latte viz., the fu-tades of the Nothwest and Hudson Bay companies. As the geat majoity of the companies employees wee Fench speaking, the tem lattely became applied by us as a designation fo the whole Fench ace.) The eal whites we found wee good people. We could depend on thei wod, and we tusted and espected them. They did not intefee with us no attempt to beak up ou tibal oganizations, laws, customs. They did not ty to foce thei conceptions of things on us to ou ham. No did they stop us fom catching fish, hunting, etc. They neve tied to steal o appopiate ou county, no take ou food and life fom us. They acknowledged ou owneship of the county, and teated ou chiefs as men. They wee the fist to find us in this county. We neve asked them to come hee, but nevetheless we teated them kindly and hospitably and helped them all we could. They had made themselves as it wee) ou guests. We teated them as such, and then waited to see what they would do. As we found they did us no ham ou fiendship with them became lasting. Because of this we have a wam heat to the Fench at the pesent day. We expect good fom Canada. When they fist came among us thee wee only Indians hee. They found the people of each tibe supeme in thei own teitoy, and having tibal boundaies known and ecognized by all. The county of each tibe was just the same as a vey lage fam o anch belonging to all the people of the tibe) fom which they gatheed thei food and clothing, etc., fish which they got in plenty fo food, gass and vegetation on which thei hoses gazed and the game lived, and much of which funished mateials fo manufactues, etc., stone which funished pipes, utensils, and tools, etc., tees which funished fiewood, mateials fo houses and utensils, plants, oots, seeds, nuts and beies which gew abundantly and wee gatheed in thei season just the same as the cops on a anch, and used fo food; mineals, shells, etc., which wee used fo onament and fo plants, etc., wate which was fee to all. Thus, fie, wate, food, clothing and all the necessaies of life wee obtained in abundance fom the lands of each tibe, and all the people had equal ights of access to eveything they equied. You will see the anch of each tibe was the same as its life, and without it the people could not have lived. Just 52 yeas ago the othe whites came to this county. They found us just the same as the fist o eal whites had found us, only we had lage bands of hoses, had some cattle, and in many places we cultivated the land. They found us happy, healthy, stong and numeous. Each tibe was still living in its own house o in othe wods on its own anch. No one intefeed with ou ights o disputed ou possession of ou own houses and anches, viz., ou homes and lives. We wee fiendly and helped these whites also, fo had we not leaned the fist whites had done us no ham? Only when some of them killed us we evenged on them. Then we thought thee ae some bad ones among them, but suely on the whole they must be good. Besides they ae the queens people. And we had aleady head geat things about the queen fom the eal whites. We expected he subjects would do us no ham, but athe impove us by giving us knowledge, and enabling us to do some of the wondeful things they could do. At fist they looked only fo gold. We know the latte was ou popety, but as we did not use it much no need it to live by we did not object to thei seaching fo it. They told us, You county is ich and you will be made wealthy by ou coming. We wish just to pass ove you lands in quest of gold. Soon they saw the county was good, and some of them made up thei minds, to settle it. They commenced to take up pieces of land hee and thee. They told us they wanted only the use of these pieces of land fo a few yeas, and then would hand them back to us in an impoved condition; meanwhile they would give us some of the poducts they aised fo the loan of ou land. Thus they commenced to ente ou houses, o live on ou anches. With us when a peson entes ou house he becomes ou guest, and we must teat him hospitably as long as he shows no hostile intentions. At the same time we expect him to etun to us equal teatment fo what he eceives. Some of ou Chiefs said, These people wish to be patnes with us in ou county. We must, theefoe, be the same as bothes to them, and live as one family. We will shae equally in eveything half and half in land, wate and timbe, etc. What is ous will be theis, and what is theis will be ous. We will help each othe to be geat and good. The whites made a govenment in Victoia pehaps the queen made it. We have head it stated both ways. Thei chiefs dwelt thee. At this time they did not deny the Indian tibes owned the whole county and eveything in it. They told us we did. We Indians wee hopeful. We tusted the whites and waited patiently fo thei chiefs to declae thei intentions towad us and ou lands. We knew what had been done in the neighboing states, and we emembeed what we had head about the queen being so good to the Indians and that he laws caied out by he chiefs wee always just and bette than the Ameican laws. Pesently chiefs govenment officials, etc.) commenced to visit us, and had talks with some of ou chiefs. They told us to have no fea, the queens laws would pevail in this county, and eveything would be well fo the Indians hee. They said a vey lage esevation would be staked off fo us southen inteio tibes) and the tibal lands outside of this esevation the govenment would buy fom us fo white settlement. They let us think this would be done soon, and meanwhile until this eseve was set apat, and ou lands settled fo, they assued us we would have pefect feedom of taveling and camping and the same libeties as fom time immemoial to hunt, fish, gaze and gathe ou food supplies whee we desied; also that all tails, land, wate, timbe, etc., would be as fee of access to us as fomely. Ou chiefs wee ageeable to these popositions, so we waited fo these teaties to be made, and eveything settled. We had neve known white chiefs to beak thei wod so we tusted. In the meanwhile white settlement pogessed. Ou chiefs held us

4 in check. They said, Do nothing against the whites. Something we did not undestand etads them fom keeping thei pomise. They will do the squae thing by us in the end. What have we eceived fo ou good faith, fiendliness and patience? Gadually as the whites of this county became moe and moe poweful, and we less and less poweful, they little by little changed thei policy towads us, and commenced to put estictions on us. Thei govenment o chiefs have taken evey advantage of ou fiendliness, weakness and ignoance to impose on us in evey way. They teat us as subjects without any ageement to that effect, and foce thei laws on us without ou consent and iespective of whethe they ae good fo us o not. They say they have authoity ove us. They have boken down ou old laws and customs no matte how good) by which we egulated ouselves. They laugh at ou chiefs and bush them aside. Mino affais amongst ouselves, which do not affect them in the least, and which we can easily settle bette than they can, they dag into thei couts. They enfoce thei own laws one way fo the ich white man, one way fo the poo white, and yet anothe fo the Indian. They have knocked down the same as) the posts of all the Indian tibes. They say thee ae no lines, except what they make. They have taken possession of all the Indian county and claim it as thei own. Just the same as taking the house o anch and, theefoe, the life of evey Indian tibe into thei possession. They have neve consulted us in any of these mattes, no made any ageement, no signed any papes with us. They have stolen ou lands and eveything on them and continue to use same fo thei own puposes. They teat us as less than childen and allow us no say in anything. They say the Indians know nothing, and own nothing, yet thei powe and wealth has come fom ou belongings. The queens law which we believe guaanteed us ou ights, the B.C. govenment has tampled undefoot. This is how ou guests have teated us - the bothes we eceived hospitably in ou house. Afte a time when they saw that ou patience might get exhausted and that we might cause touble if we thought all the land was to be occupied by whites they set aside many small esevations fo us hee and thee ove the county. This was thei poposal not ous, and we neve accepted these esevations as settlement fo anything, no did we sign any papes o make any teaties about same. They thought we would be satisfied with this, but we neve have been satisfied and neve will be until we get ou ights. We thought the setting apat of these esevations was the commencement of some scheme they had evolved fo ou benefit, and that they would now continue until they had moe than fulfilled thei pomises but although we have waited long we have been disappointed. We have always felt the injustice done us, but we did not know how to obtain edess. We knew it was useless to go to wa. What could we do? Even you govenment at Ottawa, into whose chage we have been handed by the B.C. govenment, gave us no enlightenment. We had no poweful fiends. The Indian agents and Indian office at Victoia appeaed to neglect us. Some offes of help in the way of agicultual implements, schools, medical attendance, aid to the aged, etc., fom the Indian depatment wee at fist efused by many of ou chiefs o wee neve petitioned fo, because fo a time we thought the Ottawa and Victoia govenments wee the same as one, and these things would be chaged against us and ated as payment fo ou land, etc. Thus we got along the best way we could and asked fo nothing. Fo a time we did not feel the stealing of ou lands, etc., vey heavily. As the county was spasely settled we still had consideable libety in the way of hunting, fishing, gazing, etc., ove by fa the most of it. Howeve, owing to inceased settlement, etc., in late yeas this has become changed, and we ae being moe and moe esticted to ou esevations which in most places ae unfit o inadequate to maintain us. Except we can get fai play we can see we will go to the wall, and most of us be educed to beggay o to continuous wage slavey. We have also leaned lately that the Bitish Columbia govenment claims absolute owneship of ou esevations, which means that we ae pactically landless. We only have loan of those eseves in life ent, o at the option of the B.C. govenment. Thus we find ouselves without any eal home in this ou own county. In a petition signed by fouteen of ou chiefs and sent to you Indian depatment, July, 1908, we pointed out the disabilities unde which we labo owing to the inadequacy of most of ou esevations, some having hadly any good land, othes no iigation wate, etc., ou limitations e pastue lands fo stock owing to fencing of so-called govenment lands by whites; the sevee estictions put on us lately by the govenment e hunting and fishing; the depletion of salmon by ove-fishing of the whites, and othe mattes affecting us. In many places we ae debaed fom camping, taveling, gatheing oots and obtaining wood and wate as heetofoe. Ou people ae fined and impisoned fo beaking the game and fish laws and using the same game and fish which we wee told would always be ous fo food. Gadually we ae becoming egaded as tespasses ove a lage potion of this ou county. Ou old people say, How ae we to live? If the govenment takes ou food fom us they must give us othe food in its place. Conditions of living have been thust on us which we did not expect, and which we conside in geat measue unnecessay and injuious. We have no gudge against the white ace as a whole no against the settles, but we want to have an equal chance with them of making a living. We welcome them to this county. It is not in most cases thei fault. They have taken up and impoved and paid fo thei lands in good faith. It is thei govenment which is to blame by heaping up injustice on us. But it is also thei duty to see thei govenment does ight by us, and gives us a squae deal. We condemn the whole policy of the B.C. govenment towads the Indian tibes of this county as uttely unjust, shameful and blundeing in evey way. We denounce same as being the main cause of the unsatisfactoy condition of Indian affais in this county and of animosity and fiction with the whites. So long as what we conside justice is withheld fom us, so long will dissatisfaction and unest exist among us, and we will continue to stuggle to bette ouselves. Fo the accomplishment of this end we and othe Indian tibes of this county ae now uniting and we ask the help of youself and govenment in this fight fo ou ights. We believe it is not the desie no policy of you govenment that these conditions should exist. We demand that ou land question be settled, and ask that teaties be made between the govenment and each of ou tibes, in the same manne as accomplished with the Indian tibes of the othe povinces of Canada, and in the neighboing pats of the United States. We desie that evey matte of impotance to each tibe be a subject of teaty, so we may have a definite undestanding with the govenment on all questions of moment between us and them. In a declaation made last month, and signed by twenty-fou of ou chiefs a copy of which has been sent to you Indian depatment) we have stated ou position on these mattes. Now we sinceely hope you will caefully conside eveything we have heewith bought befoe you and that you will ecognize the disadvantages we labo unde, and the dakness of the outlook fo us if these questions ae not speedily settled. Hoping you have had a pleasant sojoun in this county, and wishing you a good jouney home, we emain Yous vey sinceely, The Chiefs of the Shuswap, Okanagan and Couteau o Thompson tibes Pe thei secetay, J.A. Teit

5 Re sw7ecs e semséme7 ell wellenwi7s-kucw ne tmicws ~ Histoical Timeline 1763 The Royal Poclamation embodies a policy statement by the Cown ecognizing Indian land title and ights and pohibiting any alienation of Indian lands without suende to the Cown Alexande Mackenzie, Noth West Company NWC) meets Aboiginal people along the Fase Rive, including nothen Secwépemc people The Pacific Fu Company and the NWC establish the fist tading posts at Kamloops. The main peiod of the fu tade unde the Hudson s Bay Company spans The Teaty of Oegon establishes the bounday between the United States and Bitish Cown-held teitoies. 1840s The Jesuits make contact with Aboiginal Peoples of the Inteio. Two decades late the Oblates begin establishing missions Gold is discoveed at Nicomen on the Thompson Rive by Native people, touching off the Fase Rive Gold Rush. Gold pospectos compete fo food esouces, access to wate and gold, and encoach on Aboiginal lands The Nlaka pamux Thompson), St at imc Lillooet), Syilx Okanagan) and Secwépemc Shuswap) engage in a wa in the Fase Canyon with Ameican gold mines militias elected leades and established militias expeienced in Indian was in the U.S.A to a standstill, compelling the Ameicans to sign a peace teaty with the Aboiginal Nations. B.C. Goveno James Douglas abdicates esponsibility, leaving it up to the Aboiginal waios to defend the mainland fom Ameican invasion The colony of B.C. is fomed on Novembe 19th Goveno Douglas, who had isen fom the anks of the Hudson s Bay Company, instucts the Chief Commissione of Lands, Colonel R.C. Moody to establish Reseves thoughout the colony, to be defined as they may be seveally pointed out by the Indians themselves Chief Commissione of Lands and Woks, Joseph Tutch, educes the peviously allotted o poposed eseves unde petext that settles ae aguing the Indians ae not using the lands The B.N.A. Act ceates Dominion of Canada Section 9124), giving the Fedeal Govenment esponsibility fo Indians and lands eseved fo Indians B.C. entes Confedeation. The Tems of Union ae dawn up and mention of Indians is limited to Clause 13 which states that the Fedeal Govenment will continue to be esponsible fo Indians and will enact a policy as libeal as hitheto towads Indians The fist fedeal Indian Act is passed. It consolidates all pevious Indian legislation, defines Indian status and eseves, and gives the Supeintendent Geneal administative powes ove Indian affais The Joint Reseve Commission visits Inteio Nations who ae seiously consideing uniting foces with Chief Joseph of the Nez Pece to go to wa ove the land issue The Joint Reseve Commission is dissolved because B.C. no longe wishes to paticipate. A fedeal commissione caies on alone, subject to the appoval of the B.C. Chief Commissione of Lands and Woks and B.C. Supeme Cout to adjudicate disputes The Potlatch is made illegal by an amendment to the Indian Act; subsequently expanded to include all Indian ceemonies Afte a gatheing in Kamloops, Chiefs leave fo Ottawa and England to meet with King Edwad egading land claims. Chiefs include Joe Capilano Squamish), Basil David/Dick Secwépemc) and Chaley Isipaymilt Cowichan) Inteio Tibes of B.C. is fomed Numeous Nations put foth petitions and declaations, including the Cowichan, Nisga a, Tahltan, and Lillooet Inteio Chiefs sign a declaation on July 16th at Spence s Bidge setting out thei position on Aboiginal title and ights. On August 25th, a Memoial is pesented to Pime Ministe Wilfid Lauie by the Inteio Chiefs at the I.O.O.F. Oddfellows) Hall in Kamloops Lauie loses the Fedeal election; Consevative opponent Robet Boden wins and the Memoial is shelved The Memoial to Fank Olive, Ministe of the Inteio, is pesented. An expanded goup of Inteio Chiefs imploe the Ministe, then in chage of Indian Affais, in poweful wods to addess the question of title, ights, and juisdiction, which they view as fundamental to impoving the living conditions of Aboiginal Peoples Patly in esponse to the Indian lobbying effots, the McKenna-McBide Commission is established. Howeve, instead of dealing with the fundamental issue of Indian title and ights, it only deals with adjusting the size of the eseves. Thei epot, completed in 1916, esults in 47,000 aces of good, aable eseve land to be taken away and eplaced with 80,000 aces of infeio land The Allied Tibes of B.C. is founded. In 1919, they file a petition to the fedeal and povincial govenments with a compehensive pesentation of all Indian land claims in the povince The Allied Tibes oppose the McKenna-McBide epot. The Povince efuses to paticipate in any discussions. The Allied Tibes dissolve in An amendment to the Indian Act s.141) is passed, pohibiting Indians fom aising money fo advancing land claims, filing cout cases on land claims o etaining a lawye B.C. Indians ae ganted the ight to vote in povincial elections. Fank Calde is elected to the povincial legislatue.

6 1951 The Indian Act is evised; S.141 and the anti-potlatch law ae dopped Indians get the fedeal vote unde Diefenbake Consevative) The Hawthon Repot, the fist compehensive study on Indian socio-economic conditions, identifies Indians as citizens plus, thus focing the fedeal govenment to act The National Indian Bothehood NIB) is fomed in esponse to fedeal govenment effots to fomulate and implement a compehensive Indian policy aimed at assimilation and extinguishment of title and ights The Tudeau administation makes the White Pape public. The policy aims at assimilating Indians into mainsteam society by eliminating special status and tansfeing esponsibility to the povinces. Indians acoss Canada vehemently eject it, issuing a Red Pape The Union of B.C. Indian Chiefs UBCIC) is founded in Kamloops, with a mandate to advance Aboiginal title and ights The Calde case Nisga a), in a split decision, affims the existence of Aboiginal title and foces the fedeal govenment to econside its position, leading to the ceation of a Compehensive Claims pocess Office of Native Claims is established at the Depatment of Indian Affais to settle outstanding land claims In UBCIC s Constitution Expess Aboiginal Peoples unite and tavel to Ottawa to call fo Constitutional ecognition The NIB is estuctued to fom the Assembly of Fist Nations AFN) and evey band in Canada is given a vote within its foum The Canadian Constitution is patiated without Aboiginal Peoples input. Section 35 of the Constitution affims the existing ights of Aboiginal Peoples Indians, Inuit, and Métis). Thee subsequent Fist Ministes Confeences to futhe define Aboiginal ights fail The Shuswap Declaation: All seventeen communities in the Shuswap Nation agee to wok togethe to wok on the pesevation and pomotion of the Secwépemc language, cultue and histoy The Guein case Musqueam) establishes that the fedeal govenment does have a fiduciay esponsibility towads Aboiginal Peoples The fedeal govenment and povinces daft the Meech Lake Accod to bing Quebec into the Constitution. It fails when Manitoba Fist Nation MLA Elijah Hape opposes the Accod in the Manitoba legislatue, based on a complete lack of consultation with Aboiginal Peoples. The subsequently dafted Chalottetown Accod poposed a thid ode of govenment by Aboiginal Peoples but was defeated in a public efeendum Shuswap Chiefs eaffim the Lauie Memoial in vaious esolutions, declaations, and publications R. vs. Spaow claifies constitutionally potected Aboiginal fishing ights Repot of the B.C. Claims Task Foce ecommends a new teaty pocess fo B.C. By 1995 they develop the B.C. Teaty Commission Act. Subsequently, the Nothen Secwépemc communities epesented by the Nothen Shuswap Tibal Council, as well as the Alkali Lake Band Esk etemc) join the B.C. Teaty pocess; howeve the bands epesented by SNTC do not join the B.C. Teaty pocess because the bands feel the pocess is fundamentally flawed Delgamuuk w vs. Bitish Columbia upholds Aboiginal title, asseting that Aboiginal people must be consulted and compensated fo any infingement o extinguishment of title The Nisga a Final Ageement Act becomes Canadian law. The Nisga a suende 92% of thei teitoy and become subject to povincial and fedeal laws in exchange fo expanded eseved lands ove which they hold common title, and $190 million cash Membes of the Neskonlith band establish the Swelkwékw elt Potection Cente at the Sun Peaks Ski Resot in Secwépemc teitoy to stop esot expansion. They endue 54 aests ove fou yeas; esot expansion continues The Fist Nations Leadeship Council agees to the New Relationship with the B.C. Govenment The U.N. adopts the Declaation on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples. Canada is one of fou nations to vote against its adoption and emains one of the only counties which efuses to atify Pime Ministe Hape apologizes to fome students of esidential schools, and the Tuth and Reconciliation Commission is fomally established The B.C. govenment and the Fist Nations Leadeship Council popose the Aboiginal Title Recognition and Reconciliation Act, contingent on ecognition of B.C. Cown title. Howeve, ecognized as fundamentally flawed, it is subsequently fomally ejected by the B.C. All Chiefs Assembly. Fo a moe detailed summay of events acoss B.C., check out the Union of B.C. Indian Chiefs histoical timeline at

7 Confedeated Taditional Okanagan-Shuswap Nations Declaation We, the Soveeign Taditional People of the Okanagan and the Shuswap Teitoies Declae at this time Ou Position to be Known Befoe All People of the Wold. We Stand Togethe as one Unde Fou Heeditay Chiefs: N' kwala; A' tun; N' hum chin; Chil Heetza IIn thei declaed elationships with the Royal Cown of England thee ae thee witnesses that the elationship between ou Nations and the Royal Majesty continues without diminishment: 1. The Rising and Setting of the Sun; 2. The Geat Wates which continues to Flow though ou land on its way to the ocean; 3. The Flying of the Royal Flag of the Impeial Cown. It is, ou undestanding that these would always bea witness to the tuth of ou Relationship and is now Symbolized in the Royal Coat -of Ams of Bitish Columbia ganted by King Edwad VII in This is ou stated position as it was then and is now. We Declae that this stated position is Potected and Insued to us though ou Fou Heeditay Chiefs Ageement with the Cown of England which insued Peaceful Coexistence with ou subjects. The Okanagan Nation and the Shuswap Nation ae Soveeign Nations. This oiginates fom the Ceato when he placed us on this Island in ou Teitoy; We wee given instuctions unde which ou people have lived in Health fom time untold. These instuctions ae contained in the Teaching of Coyote. It is though ou Values that we live unde the instuction of the Ceato. Ou values fom the foundation of ou suvival. Theefoe, ou fist esponsibility is to potect ou Spiituality. Ou People ae a Saced Tust, countless Geneations to come will cay the Saced Tust of ou Values fom one geneation to the next to keep it a living thing. Theefoe, ou second esponsibility is to potect ou Futue Geneation. Ou Cultue is a Saced Tust, the Values caied by Geneation of ou People ae passed though the Language. Customs and Knowledge that we pactice in ou daily lives. Theefoe, ou thid Responsibility is to potect ou Cultue. The Land is a Saced Tust. Ou Knowledge and Customs ae Undestood and Pacticed in ou elationship with ou land and in that way it Potects and Ensues ou suvival and, theefoe it is the Living Body of ou Spiituality. It is ou mothe nouishing us in all ways; Physical, Spiitual, Mental, and Emotional. Theefoe, ou fouth esponsibility is to Potect ou Land. We hold these tuths to be the tuths upon which we stand as one. We have neve knowingly sold ou title to ou land o the Rights to use o the esouces on it. We neve made any Ageements which give any othe Nation the ight to take any of these Lands and Resouces into thei possession.

8 We have neve lost a wa with any Nations. No Nation can claim any of ou lands by conquest. We have neve given consent to join any othe Nation of the Wold. We will neve suende ou Right to cay the Instuctions and Responsibilities the Ceato gave to us. We will neve betay ou Childen. We will neve consent to Extinguish Ou Soveeignty to any Nation. We ae Declaing Ou position befoe All Nations of the Wold in Peace as ou Fou Heeditay Chiefs declaed befoe the Cown of England. We declae that the Relationship of the Cown of England to the Okanagan and Shuswap Nations was of mutual Respect and Peace with he Subjects, one that Upholds and Potects and Ensues the Soveeignty and any of the above mentioned Rights. This is Witnessed by the Flag that Continues to Fly ove Bitain and is Vested in the Royal Pomises made to these Fou Chiefs that it would emain so as long as the Geat Wates continues to Flow and as long as the Flag of Bitain continues to fly. We do not ecognize a Relationship with any othe Nation of the Wold, as long as these Witnesses stand. We shall stand as one behind This Declaation. Only the Cown of England has the Rights to Changes in its elationships with us only though Meetings and Ageeing with the Heeditay Descendants of those fou Chiefs behind whom we stand and ejuvenate the oiginal elationship. We will neve consent to Suende o Sell ou Land. No one has the ight to sell what we collectively own. We will continue to Live on and Use Lands in ALL ou Teitoies. We will Live ou Spiituality and Shae it and Pass it on to ALL who Desie to live it. We will pactice ou Rights to hunt, fish, pick beies, dig oots, and to use the esouces of ou lands. We will Pactice ou Ways and Teach Ou Childen ou Ways. We will use Ou Language and Potect it. We will cae fo and Respect each othe and Potect each othe. We will Potect ou land. We will continue to live as Soveeign People and Neve Suende unde ANY cicumstances. These ae Ou Rights. ' Only the Ceato could Take away these Rights' We Speak As One. /s/ Tommy Gegoie Okanagan-Shuswap) /s/ John Tebasket Similkameen-Okanagan) /s/ W.A. Anouse Shuswap) /s/ William Chilheetza Okanagan) Ratified in Good Faith at Alkali Lake, B.C., on 8th Decembe 1986.