Deuteronomy 4:1 49. compiled and written by Gary Kukis. What the Israelites Have Seen and Heard Gives Confidence

Transcription

1 Dutronomy 4 compild and writtn by Gary Kukis Dutronomy 4:1 49 What th Isralits Hav Sn and Hard Givs Confidnc Ths studis ar dsignd for blivrs in Jsus Christ only. If you hav xrcisd faith in Christ, thn you ar in th right plac. If you hav not, thn you nd to hd th words of our Lord, Who said, For God so lovd th world that H gav His only-bgottn [or, uniquly-born] Son, so that vry [on] bliving [or, trusting] in Him shall not prish, but shall b hav trnal lif! For God did not snd His Son into th world so that H should judg th world, but so that th world shall b savd through Him. Th on bliving [or, trusting] in Him is not judgd, but th on not bliving has alrady bn judgd, bcaus h has not blivd in th Nam of th only-bgottn [or, uniquly-born] Son of God. (John 3:16 18). I am th Way and th Truth and th Lif! No on coms to th Fathr xcpt through [or, by mans of] M! (John 14:6). Evry study of th Word of God ought to b prcdd by a naming of your sins to God. This rstors you to fllowship with God (1John 1:8 10). If thr ar popl around, you would nam ths sins silntly. If thr is no on around, thn it dos not mattr if you nam thm silntly or whthr you spak aloud. Documnt Navigation Prfac Quotations Outlin of Chaptr Charts, Graphics, Short Doctrins Doctrins Alludd to Chaptrs Alludd to Dictionary of Trms Introduction First Vrs Addndum A Complt Translation Chaptr Word Clouds Links to th compltd chaptrs of Dutronomy ar found hr (HTML) (PDF). This chaptr is a part of that study. Somtim ago, I did a vrs-by-vrs xgsis of th books of th Pntatuch, and, in my opinion, did not rally giv ths books th full tratmnt that thy dsrvd. Hr, I am going back and rdoing th book of Dutronomy. All of th information from that prvious study will b includd in hr and this study will vntually supplant th shortr study of th book of Dutronomy (HTML) (PDF). From tim to tim, thr will b concpts and xgtical matrial which will b rpatd. Ths xgtical studis ar not dsignd for you to rad ach and vry word. For instanc, th Hbrw xgsis is put into gryish tabls, so that if you want to skip ovr thm, that is fin. If you qustion a translation, you can always rfr back to th appropriat Hbrw tabls to sort it all out. Th intnt is to mak this particular study th most complt and most accurat xamination of Dutronomy 4 which is availabl in writing. Th ida is to mak vry phras, vrs and passag undrstandabl; and to mak corrct application of all that is studid. Bsids taching you th doctrinal principls rlatd to this chaptr, this commntary is also to hlp bring this narrativ to lif, so that you can undrstand th various charactrs, thir motivations, and th choics that thy mak. Idally, you will b abl to visualiz th popls and armis as thy mov across th landscap of th Land of Promis.

2 Dutronomy Chaptr Prfac: Moss continus rminding and xplaining th rcnt history of th Isralits to thm prior to thir ntring th land of promis. H mphasizs all that thy hav prsonally sn and hard. In this chaptr, Moss will conclud his first srmon in his final st of srmons, known as th Dutronomy Spcial. Edward P. Blair summarizs Moss addrss in this chaptr thus: Sinc God is what H is, sinc H has don what H has don and said what H has said, Isral must bring its attituds and lif into 1 harmony with th will of God if th popl ar to liv and prospr in th world. Thr ar many chaptr commntaris on th book of Dutronomy. This will b th most xtnsiv xamination of Dutronomy 4 availabl, whr you will b abl to xamin in dpth vry word of th original txt. Evry attmpt has bn mad to mak this both a complt and slf-containd study. Thrfor, all rfrncs, vocabulary, and rlatd concpts should b found within this xtnsiv study. Easy accss links to mor in-dpth studis of som vocabulary words, concpts and doctrins ar also providd. Quotations: 2 Confucius: I har and I forgt. I s and I rmmbr. I do and I undrstand. 3 Harry Houdini: What th ys s and th ars har, th mind blivs. 4 Marcl Proust: Th ral voyag of discovry consists of not in sking nw landscaps but in having nw ys. 5 Gorg Orwll: To s what is in front of on's nos nds a constant struggl. Anonymous: If you didn't s it with your own ys, or har it with your own ars, don't invnt it with your small mind and shar it with your big mouth! 6 Dr. John Gill: Now thr was not any nation thn in bing, nor any sinc, to b compard with th nation of th Jws, for th wis and wholsom laws givn unto thm; no, not th mor cultivatd and civilizd nations, as th Grcians and Romans, who had th advantag of such wis lawgivrs as thy wr accountd, as Solon, 7 Lycurgus, Numa, and othrs; and indd th bst laws that thy had sm to b borrowd from th Jws. Matthw Pool: th tru gratnss of a nation dos not consist in pomp or powr, or largnss of mpir, as 8 commonly mn think, but in th rightousnss of its laws. Th Pulpit Commntary: Th history of th Jws is an unanswrabl argumnt in favor of th truth of prophcy and th rality of Divin rvlation. Th singularity of that history is such as can only b fully accountd for on th ida of a suprnatural Providnc intrsting itslf in thir fortuns; but th strangst fact is in that, thir own sacrd books, this wondrful history is prdictd with minut prcision. Th Book of Dutronomy furnishs a 1 From accssd May 11, 2015 (furthr rfrncs found thr). 2 From accssd May 16, From accssd May 16, From accssd May 16, From accssd May 16, From accssd May 16, Dr. John Gill, John Gill s Exposition of th Entir Bibl; from -Sword, Dut. 4:8. 8 Matthw Pool, English Annotations on th Holy Bibl; h1685; from -Sword, Dut. 4:8 (slightly ditd).

3 5327 Th Book of Dutronomy sris of ths prdictions, th xtraordinary charactr of which is not rmovd by any dat to which th book may 9 b assignd. W may rad this passag first as a prophcy, thn as a warning. J. Parkr, D.D.: What othr rligion, thory, philosophy, grappls with sin as Christianity dos? Th Pulpit Commntary: Skpticism violats God s Law by subtracting from it; suprstition, by adding to it. Dut. 4:1 2 "And now, O Isral, listn to th statuts and th ruls that I am taching you, and do thm, that you may liv, and go in and tak possssion of th land that th LORD, th God of your fathrs, is giving you. You shall not add to th word that I command you, nor tak from it, that you may kp th commandmnts of th LORD your God that I command you. (ESV) Dut. 4:33 34 Did any popl vr har th voic of a god spaking out of th midst of th fir, as you hav hard, and still liv? Or has any god vr attmptd to go and tak a nation for himslf from th midst of anothr nation, by trials, by signs, by wondrs, and by war, by a mighty hand and an outstrtchd arm, and by grat dds of trror, all of which th LORD your God did for you in Egypt bfor your ys? (ESV) Isaiah 41:8 10 But you, Isral, My srvant, Jacob, whom I hav chosn, th offspring of Abraham, My frind; you whom I took from th nds of th arth, and calld from its farthst cornrs, saying to you, "You ar My srvant, I hav chosn you and not cast you off"; far not, for I am with you; b not dismayd, for I am your God; I will strngthn you, I will hlp you, I will uphold you with my rightous right hand. (ESV; capitalizd) John Calvin: [Th Jws] must nds b wors than stupid if th majsty of God, known and undrstood by so many 12 proofs, [and yt] did not awakn thm to rvrnc. Quotations about idolatry: Emilio Estvz: What I find intrsting is that th popl that follow your Twittrs ar calld 'followrs.' Talk about fals idolatry, right? 13 Idolatry graphic; from daughtr by dsign; accssd May 17, Lionl Blu: Early on I saw th rprssion and idolatry of Stalinism, and whn it crackd, I was opn to rligion 14 again. Voltair If God cratd us in his own imag, w hav 15 mor than rciprocatd. 9 Th Pulpit Commntary; ; by Josph S. Exll, Hnry Donald Mauric Spnc-Jons, from -sword, Dut. 4: From accssd May 14, Th Pulpit Commntary; ; by Josph S. Exll, Hnry Donald Mauric Spnc-Jons, from -sword, Dut. 4: nd John Calvin, Calvin s Commntary on th Bibl; 2 bta vrsion from -Sword, Dut. 4: From accssd May 17, From accssd May 17, From accssd May 17, 2015.

4 Dutronomy Chaptr Ann Lamott: You can safly assum you'v cratd God in your own imag whn it turns out that God hats all 16 th sam popl you do. Jonathan Swift, Gullivr's Travls: Th tiny Lilliputians surmis that Gullivr's watch may b his god, bcaus it is that which, h admits, h sldom dos anything without 17 consulting. R. C. Sprout graphic; from Frank Gantz; accssd May 17, Rob Lacy: Idolatry is Living for th Product instad of living for th Producr. Outlin of Chaptr 4: Prfac Introduction vv. 1 8 Prsrv and oby th prfct statuts and laws of God vv Do not forgt what you hav sn and hard at Horb vv Do not turn to idolatry whn you ntr into th land vv God will rmov you from th land for idolatry vv Has any god don what Y howah, your God, has don? vv Citis of Rfug Dsignatd for East of th Jordan vv Introduction to th Taching of th Law to th Gnration of Promis Addndum Charts, Graphics and Short Doctrins: Prfac Quotations Prfac Quotations about idolatry Prfac Idolatry graphic Prfac R. C. Sprout graphic Introduction Dutronomy Chaptr 4 (graphic) Introduction Rmmbr what you s and har...larn and do th Lord s commandmnts Introduction Prophcy Found in Dutronomy 4 Introduction Th Prqul of Dutronomy 4 Introduction Ptr Ptt s Prqul to Dutronomy 4 Introduction Th Principals of Dutronomy 4 Introduction Th Placs of Dutronomy 4 Introduction Ptr Ptt s Synopsis of Dutronomy 4 Introduction Th Organization of Dutronomy 4 Basd upon a Sris of Objct Lssons Introduction Ptt s Brif Synopsis of Dutronomy 4 Introduction Whdon Summarizs Dutronomy 4 in a Singl Paragraph Introduction Ptr Ptt Looks Backward and Forwards Introduction Mrdith Klin: Th Book of Dutronomy is Lik th Suzrain Tratis From accssd May 17, From accssd May 17, From mtvill.com; accssd May 17, 2015.

5 5329 Th Book of Dutronomy v. 1 Statuts and Judicial Dcrs v. 2 Th Bibl is Whol and Complt Do not add to it or tak from it v. 3 Numbrs 25:1 9 (World English Bibl) v. 6 Ptr Ptt s Organization of Dutronomy 4:6 9 v. 7 Th Facts About Povrty in Amrica By Robrt Rctor (th Hritag Foundation) v. 8 Ancint Law Cods v. 8 Th Wisdom of th Law of God v. 8 Dutronomy 4:7 8 (graphic) v. 9 Dutronomy 4:9 (graphic) v. 10 Ptr Ptt Organizs Dutronomy 4:10 14 v. 10 Whn Critics Ask: Was th law givn at Horb or at Mt. Sinai? v. 10 Th Abbrviatd Doctrin of Far of th Lord v. 13 Th Tn Commandmnts v. 15 Ptr Ptt Organizs Dutronomy 4:15 24 v. 17 How to dtrmin if you ar in a good church v. 18 Words for Idols v. 18 Words for Idols in our Passag v. 19 Prachr s Complt Homiltical Commntary on 3 Forms of Idolatry v. 19 Kn Rd s Doctrin of Idolatry v. 21 God Disciplins Moss bcaus of th Jws Ngativ Volition v. 22 Th Bibl Illustrator on th National Gratnss of Britain v. 22 Catgoris of Rasons Why Moss is not Going into th Land v. 23 Christianity is basd upon historical vnts v. 24 Dutronomy 4:24 (graphic) v. 24 Th 3 Tak Hd s of Dutronomy 4 v. 25 Ptr Ptt Organizs Dutronomy 4:25 29 v. 28 Grac Bibl Church s Doctrin of Idolatry v. 28 Comparing God s Warnings to Isral v. 29 Dutronomy 4:29 NIV (graphic) v. 29 Dutronomy 4:29 (graphic) v. 30 Ptr Ptt Organizs Dutronomy 4:30 40 v. 31 Dutronomy 4:31 (graphic) v. 31 God s Prophcis about Isral Stand Tru Today v. 31 Dutronomy 4:31 A Promis from God (graphic) v. 34 God Dfats th Egyptian Army Exodus 14:5 31 v. 34 Moss 3 Rhtorical Qustions v. 34 Clark, Gill: Th Svn Things Usd by God to Tak Isral out of Egypt v. 35 Dutronomy 4:35 (graphic) v. 35 Th Exclusivity of th God of th Jws v. 37 Isral s Elction v. 38 Two Nations Undr God (Isral and th Unitd Stats) v. 39 Dutronomy 4:39 NIV (graphic) v. 39 Dutronomy 4:39 (graphic #2) v. 40 Summary: Th Topics Covrd in Moss' First Srmon v. 40 Ptr Ptt s Summary of Dutronomy 1:6 4:40 v. 40 Th Srmons of Moss in Dutronomy v. 40 Psalm 136 (with brif commntary) v. 41 Ptr Ptt Organizs Dutronomy 4:41 43 v. 41 Coffman s appraisal of th location of th short passag Dutronomy 4:41 43 v. 43 Gill, on How Ths Citis Wr Typical of Jsus Christ v. 44 Th Two Introductions/Compar and Contrast v. 44 nd Kil and Dlitzsch St th Stag for Moss 2 Addrss with Dutronomy 4:44 49

6 Dutronomy Chaptr v. 44 Don Stwart on Chaptr and Vrs Divisions v. 44 Ptr Ptt Summarizs Dutronomy 4:44 49 v. 48 Similar Propr Nouns v. 49 Th Primary Uss of th Trm Arabah v. 49 Whr dos Dutronomy 4:44 49 blong? Who put it hr? Addndum Why Dutronomy 4 is in th Word of God Addndum What W Larn from Dutronomy 4 Addndum Josphus History of this Tim Priod Addndum A Complt Translation of Dutronomy 4 Addndum Word Cloud from a Rasonably Litral Paraphras of Dutronomy 4 Addndum Word Cloud from Exgsis of Dutronomy 4 Chaptr Outlin Bginning of Documnt Doctrins Covrd and Alludd to Charts, Graphics and Short Doctrins Chaptrs of th Bibl Alludd to or Appropriatly Exgtd with this Chaptr Dfinition of Trms Introduction Addndum Exgtical Studis in Dutronomy Doctrins Alludd To Far of th Lord Satan did not know about th cross Chaptrs of th Bibl Alludd To or Appropriatly Exgtd with this Chaptr Gnsis 12 Gnsis 17 Gnsis 20 Introduction to Dutronomy Dutronomy 1 Dutronomy 34 Psalm 136 st nd Many who rad and study this chaptr ar 1 or 2 gnration studnts of R. B. Thim, Jr., so that much of this vocabulary is scond natur. On of Bob s contributions to thology is a frsh vocabulary along with a numbr of concpts which ar thologically nw or rworkd, yt still orthodox. Thrfor, if you ar unfamiliar with his work, th dfinitions blow will hlp you to fully undrstand all that is bing said. In addition to this, I will us a numbr of othr mor traditional tchnical thological trms which will b usd and dfind. Also, I hav dvlopd a fw nw trms and concpts as wll. Dfinition of Trms Ag of Isral This is th priod of tim in history whr God works through blivrs in nation Isral. God also workd through th Abraham and thos dscndd from him until nation Isral was stablishd. S th Thr Dispnsations: Th Ag of Isral, th Ag of th Hypostatic Union and th Church Ag (HTML) (PDF) (WPD).

7 5331 Th Book of Dutronomy Dfinition of Trms Chiasmos Church Ag Clint nation Documntary Hypothsis (also known as JEPD Thory) th Th 5 stag of national disciplin Gn X Gnration of Promis Portfolio of Invisibl Assts Rbound A chiasmos (also splld chiasmus) is th way that som portions of th Bibl ar organizd. It taks its nam from th Grk lttr chi ( ). Th first sction matchs with th last, th scond with th scond-to-th-last, tc. It is calld a chiasmos, bcaus th invrtd paralllism looks lik a chi (actually, half a chi) whn on looks at it from its organizational standpoint. Th priod of tim in history whr God works through th body of blivrs, also known as th church. This ag bgan on th Day of Pntcost, following our Lord s rsurrction and ascnsion, and continus today. S th Thr Dispnsations: Th Ag of Isral, th Ag of th Hypostatic Union and th Church Ag (HTML) (PDF) (WPD). Th clint nation is a nation whr thr ar a lot of blivrs and a lot of matur and growing blivrs. This nation is known for its vanglization, for its Bibl taching, its Bibl scholarship, and missionary activity. Th govrnmnt and ladrs may or may not b supportiv of such activity. Howvr, gnrally spaking, such activity is allowd within th national ntity. It is this activity which prsrvs such a national ntity. Doctrin of th Clint Nation (HTML) (PDF) (WPD). Documntary Hypothsis simply assrts that th Pntatuch was not authord by Moss but writtn 1000 yars (giv or tak) aftr Moss by svral authors who wrot portions hr and thr and thn othr mn hav prformd xtnsiv rvisions and diting aftr thm. S th Doctrin of Documntary Hypothsis (HTML) (PDF) (WPD). Josh McDowll did an outstanding tratis of this in Th Nw Evidnc that Dmands a Vrdict (or Evidnc that Dmands a Vrdict Vol. 2). th Th 5 stag of national disciplin involvs complt loss of prsonal and national sovrignty, th dstruction of th family and th nation. Offrings to God ar unaccptabl. Nations which hav undrgon this dstruction hav xprincd slavry, cannibalism, and th assimilation of its surviving citizns into othr culturs. This is a short and clvr rfrnc to th gnration of th Exodus. I was going to try to rprsnt this as Gn Ex, but that lookd too much lik I was just naming th first two books of th Bibl. At last with Gn X, most undrstand that w ar spaking of a spcific gnration. Gn X stands for gnration xodus; th gnration of adults who lft Egypt. Thir childrn with thm and th childrn born in th wildrnss will b calld th gnration of promis. Ths ar th Isralits who will actually go into th Land of Promis and tak it (which procss is dscribd in th first half of th book of Joshua). Thy wr undr th ag of 20 at laving Egypt in th xodus and som of thm wr born in th dsrtwildrnss, ithr as sons of Gn X-rs or as sons of th gnration of promis. Also known as a portfolio of spiritual assts. Ths ar th spiritual assts that w rciv as a blivr in Jsus Christ. W gain gratr accss to ths bnfits as w grow spiritually. For furthr xamination: Wnstrom; Rickard; Prp School. You gt out of fllowship by sinning. You gt back into fllowship by naming your known sins to God. God thn forgivs you for th sins which you namd and any othr sins which you also committd (1John 1:9). This procss is known as rbound. S th Doctrin of Rbound (HTML) (PDF) (WPD).

8 Dutronomy Chaptr Dfinition of Trms Th Rvald God (or, th Rvald Lord) Sin unto Dath Typ W do not look within ourslvs or do w build up som concpt of God basd upon our own xprincs, but w first undrstand God as H has rvald Himslf. Throughout th livs of th saints who hav gon bfor us, God rvald Himslf through th writtn Word and somtims through dirct contact. Onc a foundation is laid, thn w can s how God is undrstood through various xprincs in our livs. W do not look within to find God and w do not go out and sarch for God. H will rval Himslf to us. Thos who look to othr gods ar simply worshiping that which othrs hav dfind as God; or, in many cass, thy incorporat thir own norms and standards into thir blif of th God thy choos to bliv in. Essntially, such a prson is making God in his own imag. Whn a blivr continus to sin without rbound and without rsponding to warning disciplin, God will oftn rmov that blivr from this lif with th sin unto dath. This is not a particular sin, but usually a sris of sins, which may includs acts of human good and vil. Also s for mor information. A typ is a prordaind rprsntation whrin crtain prsons, vnts, and institutions of th O.T. stand for corrsponding prsons, vnts, and institutions of th N.T. Typs ar picturs or objct lssons by which God has taught His rdmptiv plan. Thy ar a shadow of things to com, not th imag of thos things (Col. 2:17 Hb. 8:5 10:1). Th Mosaic systm, for xampl, was a kind of kindrgartn in which God's popl wr 19 traind in divin things and taught to look forward to th ralitis of things yt to com. S Typology (HTML) (PDF) (WPD). Som of ths dfinitions ar takn from An Introduction to Dutronomy 4 I ntroduction: Th ky phras to Dut. 4 is th first vrs: And now, Isral, listn [and oby] th statuts and th judgmnts which I am taching you to do, so that you may liv and [so that] you will go into th land which Y howah God of your fathrs is giving you and possss [it]. Dut. 4 will b on of th grat portions of Scriptur which tachs us about th charactr of God. Dutronomy Chaptr 4 (graphic); from Prayr Thoughts; accssd May 16, Covnant thology th ida that th church bgan in 19 From Dak, accssd Octobr 15, 2013.

9 5333 Th Book of Dutronomy th tnt of Abraham and that th church is a continuation of and a spiritualization of Isral is hrin rfutd. This chaptr also marks th nd of th first dissrtation of Moss. At th nd of Dut. 4, w will rturn to a short narrativ whr th thr citis of rfug ar st up by Moss, and thn chaptr 5 will b st up (that narrativ vv should hav bn placd with Dut. 5). Dut. 4 is a ral turning point in this srmon. Moss will spnd somwhat lss tim than th prvious chaptrs spaking of historical incidnts, and h will focus as much on principls (although h will continually rmind th popl of what thy hav sn and hard). Moss will talk about th amazing and uniqu rlationship btwn God and th Jwish popl. No nation has had such a prsonal rlationship with th God of th Univrs not 20 bfor and not aftr. Th vrbs to har and to s occur many tims in this chaptr, in various forms; so this would b on of th kys to this chaptr. Moss tlls thos in his audinc to think about what thy hav hard and sn. What thy hav sn with thir own ys and what thy hav hard with thir own ars is uniqu. God dos not do this for just any popl. Th things which God did for Isral, ths ar not things which God has don bfor. This xprincs ar all uniqu to Isral, and Moss rminds th popl of som of ths uniqu things which thy hav sn with thir own ys or hard with thir own ars. Translation is from th Nw King Jams Vrsion; with bolding and undrlining don by m. I hav boldd th words which ar rlatd to what thy hard and saw; and undrlind th things rlatd to th popl bing taught and thn obying God s mandats. Rmmbr what you s and har...larn and do th Lord s commandmnts Moss Commands Obdinc "Now, O Isral, listn to th statuts and th judgmnts which I tach you to obsrv, that you may liv, and go in and possss th land which th Lord God of your fathrs is giving you. You shall not add to th word which I command you, nor tak from it, that you may kp th commandmnts of th Lord your God which I command you. Your ys hav sn what th Lord did at Baal Por; for th Lord your God has dstroyd from among you all th mn who followd Baal of Por. But you who hld fast to th Lord your God ar aliv today, vry on of you. "Surly I hav taught you statuts and judgmnts, just as th Lord my God commandd m, that you should act according to thm in th land which you go to possss. Thrfor b carful to obsrv thm; for this is your wisdom and your undrstanding in th sight of th popls who will har all ths statuts, and say, `Surly this grat nation is a wis and undrstanding popl.' "For what grat nation is thr that has God so nar to it, as th Lord our God is to us, for whatvr rason w may call upon Him? And what grat nation is thr that has such statuts and rightous judgmnts as ar in all this law which I st bfor you this day? Only tak hd to yourslf, and diligntly kp yourslf, lst you forgt th things your ys hav sn, and lst thy dpart from your hart all th days of your lif. And tach thm to your childrn and your grandchildrn, spcially concrning th day you stood bfor th Lord your God in Horb, whn th Lord said to m, `Gathr th popl to M, and I will lt thm har My words, that thy may larn to far M all th days thy liv on th arth, and that thy may tach thir childrn.' "Thn you cam nar and stood at th foot of th mountain, and th mountain burnd with fir to th midst of havn, with darknss, cloud, and thick darknss. And th Lord spok to you out of th midst of th fir. You hard th sound of th words, but saw no form; you only hard a voic. So H dclard to you His covnant which H commandd you to prform, th Tn Commandmnts; and H wrot thm on two tablts of ston. And th Lord commandd m at that tim to tach you statuts and judgmnts, that you might obsrv thm 20 Th Unitd Stats has a uniqu rlationship with God; but, this rlationship is a Church Ag typ rlationship. W do not xprinc signs and wondrs, as God prformd bfor Isral. Howvr, God has, no doubt, mad many things happn for th bnfit of th Unitd Stats.

10 Dutronomy Chaptr Rmmbr what you s and har...larn and do th Lord s commandmnts in th land which you cross ovr to possss. Bwar of Idolatry "Tak carful hd to yourslvs, for you saw no form whn th Lord spok to you at Horb out of th midst of th fir, lst you act corruptly and mak for yourslvs a carvd imag in th form of any figur: th liknss of mal or fmal, th liknss of any animal that is on th arth or th liknss of any wingd bird that flis in th air, th liknss of anything that crps on th ground or th liknss of any fish that is in th watr bnath th arth. And tak hd, lst you lift your ys to havn, and whn you s th sun, th moon, and th stars, all th host of havn, you fl drivn to worship thm and srv thm, which th Lord your God has givn to all th popls undr th whol havn as a hritag. But th Lord has takn you and brought you out of th iron furnac, out of Egypt, to b His popl, an inhritanc, as you ar this day. Furthrmor th Lord was angry with m for your saks, and swor that I would not cross ovr th Jordan, and that I would not ntr th good land which th Lord your God is giving you as an inhritanc. But I must di in this land, I must not cross ovr th Jordan; but you shall cross ovr and possss that good land. Tak hd to yourslvs, lst you forgt th covnant of th Lord your God which H mad with you, and mak for yourslvs a carvd imag in th form of anything which th Lord your God has forbiddn you. For th Lord your God is a consuming fir, a jalous God. "Whn you bgt childrn and grandchildrn and hav grown old in th land, and act corruptly and mak a carvd imag in th form of anything, and do vil in th sight of th Lord your God to provok Him to angr, I call havn and arth to witnss against you this day, that you will soon uttrly prish from th land which you cross ovr th Jordan to possss; you will not prolong your days in it, but will b uttrly dstroyd. And th Lord will scattr you among th popls, and you will b lft fw in numbr among th nations whr th Lord will driv you. And thr you will srv gods, th work of mn's hands, wood and ston, which nithr s nor har nor at nor smll. But from thr you will sk th Lord your God, and you will find Him if you sk Him with all your hart and with all your soul. Whn you ar in distrss, and all ths things com upon you in th lattr days, whn you turn to th Lord your God and oby His voic (for th Lord your God is a mrciful God), H will not forsak you nor dstroy you, nor forgt th covnant of your fathrs which H swor to thm. "For ask now concrning th days that ar past, which wr bfor you, sinc th day that God cratd man on th arth, and ask from on nd of havn to th othr, whthr any grat thing lik this has happnd, or anything lik it has bn hard. Did any popl vr har th voic of God spaking out of th midst of th fir, as you hav hard, and liv? Or did God vr try to go and tak for Himslf a nation from th midst of anothr nation, by trials, by signs, by wondrs, by war, by a mighty hand and an outstrtchd arm, and by grat trrors, according to all that th Lord your God did for you in Egypt bfor your ys? To you it was shown, that you might know that th Lord Himslf is God; thr is non othr bsids Him. Out of havn H lt you har His voic, that H might instruct you; on arth H showd you His grat fir, and you hard His words out of th midst of th fir. And bcaus H lovd your fathrs, thrfor H chos thir dscndants aftr thm; and H brought you out of Egypt with His Prsnc, with His mighty powr, driving out from bfor you nations gratr and mightir than you, to bring you in, to giv you thir land as an inhritanc, as it is this day. Thrfor know this day, and considr it in your hart, that th Lord Himslf is God in havn abov and on th arth bnath; thr is no othr. You shall thrfor kp His statuts and His commandmnts which I command you today, that it may go wll with you and with your childrn aftr you, and that you may prolong your days in th land which th Lord your God is giving you for all tim." So you know this chaptr is all about what ths popl hav actually sn and hard thmslvs; and this chaptr is about what Moss has taught thm about God and about thir obdinc to his tachings. Chaptr Outlin Charts, Graphics and Short Doctrins Anothr thing which w find ovr and ovr again in this chaptr is, to go ovr th Jordan to possss th land (or som similar xprssion of this). Moss would stay thr and di ast of th Jordan. Th popl to whom h

11 5335 Th Book of Dutronomy spok would cross ovr th Jordan Rivr and tak th land. But, wst of th Jordan Rivr is th dstiny of th Jwish popl. Th Isralits wr to kp in mind all that thy hard and saw, to giv thm confidnc in th God who ultimatly lads thm; and thn thy wr to do what God instructd thm to do this would incras th tim in th land God promisd thm. Matthw Hnry: Th scop and drift of his discours is to prsuad thm to kp clos to God and to his srvic, and not to forsak him for any othr god, nor in any instanc to dclin from thir duty 21 to him. Dut. 4 is also prophtic. Sinc Moss is spaking to th gnration of promis, whos parnts wr som of th worst failurs in th history of Isral, Moss, through God th Holy Spirit, prdicts thir history. Prophcy Found in Dutronomy 4 Moss tlls th childrn of Isral that h would di prior to going into th land (Dut. 4:22). Isral would b rmovd from this land of promis, which thy had not vn ntrd into yt (Dut. 4:26). Isral would b scattrd throughout th nations of thir nmis (Dut. 4:27). Isral would laps into idolatry (Dut. 4:28; s Ezk. 14:1 7). Finally, Isral would vntually sk and find God during thir xil (Dut. 4:29 30). This was partially fulfilld in Dan. 9:3, but will b compltly fulfilld during th Grat Tribulation. Although th popl to whom Moss spok would only s th fulfillmnt of th first prophcy, ths othr prophcis would rmain with Isral as a tstimony against thm. Chaptr Outlin Charts, Graphics and Short Doctrins Thomas Cok on Dut. 4: Moss xhorts th Isralits to obdinc; prophsis thir disprsion in 22 cas of disobdinc; and appoints thr citis of rfug on this sid Jordan. Bfor Christ It is important to undrstand what has gon bfor. This prqul was simply takn from Dut. 1 (HTML) (PDF) (WPD). Th Prqul of Dutronomy 4 Y howah God originally brought th childrn of Isral out of Egypt, whr thy had bn slavs for svral cnturis. H workd through Moss, who bcam thir spiritual and national ladr. Th dsignation popl of Isral rfrs not to Isral th nation which dos not xist yt but to thir patriarch Isral, originally namd Jacob, but rnamd Isral by God. Th popl standing bfor Moss ar dscndd from Isral (Jacob). God brought thm out of Egypt with grat signs and wondrs. Ths popl, onc fr of Egypt, first crossd ovr th Sa of Rds and wnt to Mount Sinai, also known as Mount Horb. Thr, God gav thm th Law. God first spok to th childrn of Isral audibly, giving thm th Tn Commandmnts, and thy rqustd that God spak only to Moss, and that Moss would spak to thm. Aftr rciving th Law of God, which was mor than simply th Tn Commandmnts, God ld thm northward into what would bcom southrn Judah, and told thm to tak th land that H promisd thm. First thy snt 12 spis into th land, and thy confirmd that th land was vrything that God said it was a land flowing with Matthw Hnry, Commntary on th Whol Bibl; from -Sword, Dut. 4:1 40. From accssd May 11, 2015.

12 Dutronomy Chaptr Th Prqul of Dutronomy 4 milk and hony. Howvr, thy also brought back storis of th fortifid citis and th siz and powr of thir advrsaris in th land. Tn of th spis activly lobbid th popl to not go into th land, and that night aftr th spis rturnd, th popl crid and accusd God of bringing thm thr to kill thm and thy did not want to go into this good land. Two spis, Calb and Joshua, wr rady to lad th popl into th land to tak it. Thy blivd God s promiss and th rst of th popl did not. God was quit disgustd with thm; and thn, suddnly, aftr God told thm to turn around and go back into th dsrt, many of thm dcidd that thy had changd thir minds and thy would attack th Amorits in th land. God told Moss to tll thm not to do this, bcaus H would not b with thir whiny, sorry butts if thy trid to attack th Amorits. Thy still wnt and attackd and thy wr soundly dfatd, and chasd all ovr, until thy finally cam back to Kadsh, whr all th popl had bn campd out. Thy livd thr for awhil. Thy movd around to diffrnt parts of th dsrt. During this tim, God killd off all th oldr gnration Gn X as I hav dsignatd thm (th gnration of th xodus) all thos who wr 20 and oldr whn thy lft Egypt. Thy droppd lik flis in th dsrt, dying th sin unto dath, yt whil God prsrvd thir childrn and thir childrn s childrn. So now it is 38 or so yars aftr thir failur at Kadsh-barna and God is lading this nw gnration of Isralits I will call thm th gnration of promis back to tak th land. Ths ar th popl who wr 20 or youngr whn thy lft Egypt, who ar now btwn th ags of 40 and 60, and who hav thir own childrn now. As adults, all thy hav known is God taking car of thm in th dsrt-wildrnss. Thr is also a st of young adults, agd 20 40, who wr born in th dsrt (all thos btwn ags 1 and 40 wr born in th dsrt-wildrnss). Th young adults will b considrd a part of th gnration of promis; thy will not b distinguishd from thos btwn th ags of 40 and 60. In th final fw chaptrs of Numbrs, God brings this nw gnration up along th ast sid of th Dad Sa, to Mountains ovrlooking th Jordan Rivr to th wst of thm. God will bring thm across this rivr in th book of Joshua to tak th land H has promisd thm. Howvr, thr is a problm, and that is that Moss will not go with thm. H will di ast of th Dad Sa. God will not allow Moss to lad thm into th land. Hr s what happnd: Nar th bginning of this trk from Egypt to th land, thr was no watr, and th popl complaind, and God providd watr for thm through Moss. Moss was to strik this hug rock (which rprsnts th judgmnt of Jsus on th cross) and from that rock would flow a rivr of living watrs (just as Jsus, by His sacrific, would provid us with th living watr of salvation). This watr gushd out and gav th popl th watr thy ndd; without which, thy would hav did in that dry, dsolat plac. This sam no-watr tst occurrd again nar th nd of this 40 yars in th dsrt. Th popl wr again thirsty thr was no watr. This tim, God told Moss to spak to th rock. Jsus, thir Savior, rprsntd by th rock, would again giv thm all th watr that thy ndd. Moss was not to strik th rock, bcaus Jsus did for our sins on tim H is nvr judgd again for our sins. That had alrady bn rprsntd whn Moss struck th rock prviously. Thrfor, th propr way to rprsnt this is by spaking to th rock. Moss was upst with th popl, and h ylld at thm, and h hit that rock hard, twic, with his walking stick. God still providd th popl watr, but H could not allow Moss to lad thm into th Land of Promis, as h had faild to continu th typ which God was stting up. Sinc Jsus was not judgd twic for our sins, th rock was only to b struck on tim, which occurrd during th first no-watr tst. For Moss and for many cnturis of Jws, this is sn as simply an act of disobdinc. Howvr, sinc Jsus did on th cross, w undrstand that thr was mor to th provision of watr than just obdinc or lack throf. God wantd th striking of th rock to rprsnt Jsus dying on th cross for our sins and from Him

13 5337 Th Book of Dutronomy Th Prqul of Dutronomy 4 would flow a rivr of living watrs. Whn on wishd to b rfrshd by thos watrs aftr th crucifixion, h mr spaks to th rock (for th blivr, this is rbound; for th unblivr, this is xprssing saving faith in Jsus Christ). God wantd Moss to stablish that as a typ; Moss did not; and so Moss was not allowd to cross ovr th Jordan. So, hr Isral stands, ast of th Jordan Rivr, about to cross ovr and tak th land. Moss is going to spak a fw words to thm which words will fill up th book of Dutronomy. Dut. 4 continus and concluds Moss srmon from Dut Dut. 1:6 4:40 is th first srmon of Moss. Chaptr Outlin Charts, Graphics and Short Doctrins I may nd to dit this. Ptr Ptt s Prqul to Dutronomy 4 As w com to th commntary itslf w should prhaps summaris what lis bfor us. Having dclard in Whos Nam Moss is acting, th first four chaptrs act as a historical prologu to th covnant and vry much dal with Isral's history and its currnt consquncs, and lad up to his announcing th stipulations of th covnant as a command from Yahwh. Having introducd Yahwh as thir God and Ovrlord (Dutronomy 1:3, 6), Moss gos on to point out how H had offrd th land to thir fathrs who did in th wildrnss and how thy had faild Him, vn though H had givn thm vry opportunity to succd (Dutronomy 1:6-46), so that thy wr a grim warning for th futur. Yahwh had commandd that thy ntr th land and possss it (Dutronomy 1:6-8), H had mad thm a numrous popl (Dutronomy 1:9-12), H had stablishd thm as a just and wll govrnd nation (Dutronomy 1:13-17), and givn thm clar instructions on what thy should do and how thy should bhav (Dutronomy 1:18). Thy had first ntrd th land through thir scouts, through whom thy had rcivd its firstfruits. But on sing th spctr of th nmy in th land thy had forgottn what H could do and had turnd back to unblif (Dutronomy 1:19-40). In that unblif thy had thn in dspration again ntrd to tak possssion of th land (Dutronomy 1:43). But this had rsultd in thm bing drivn from th land (Dutronomy 1:44) to wandr in th wildrnss (Dutronomy 1:46 to Dutronomy 2:1), for thy had lost thir right to th land. For th land was Yahwh's, and only thos could possss it who did so through blif in Yahwh, and who wr rady to rspond to His covnant. W can thus s in this first chaptr a summary of th whol mssag of th book. That God was offring thm th land, that H was making thm a numrous and just popl, that if thy would ntr thy must ntr in faith and obdinc, and that if thy turnd away in unblif thy would b drivn from th land, just as thir fathrs had bn. This dscription of what thir fathrs had don was thrfor both an invitation and a warning. An invitation to r-ntr th land, again with Yahwh's approval, and a clar warning to th nw gnration, a warning which will b rpatd in th hart of th book, to rmmbr that this land was Yahwh's. It was a pur land, a holy land, a land for thos who blivd, a land for thos who wr in covnant with Yahwh. It was a land which spud out its inhabitants if thy disobyd Yahwh (Lviticus 18:27-28; Lviticus 20:22), as it had spud out thir fathrs. That was why thos who now possssd it, th Canaanits/Amorits, wr also to b drivn out of it (Dutronomy 4:38; Dutronomy 7:1; Dutronomy 11:23) bcaus of thir idolatry and gross sin (compar Gnsis 15:16). Th land was such that it could only b dwlt in by thos who walkd in faith and obdinc. And ths his listnrs must also rcognis that whn thy thmslvs hav ntrd th land, if thy too ar found to b in unblif, and ar disobdint to th covnant, thy too will b drivn out and wandr among th

14 Dutronomy Chaptr Ptr Ptt s Prqul to Dutronomy 4 nations (Dutronomy 4:26-28; Dutronomy 28:64-68). Instad of bing lik th stars for multitud thy will b fw in numbr (Dutronomy 4:27; Dutronomy 28:62). For this is Yahwh's land, a land which can only b prmanntly occupid by thos who ar in a loving covnant with Yahwh. Th ida of `th land' is important in Dutronomy. But it was not just bcaus it was land, valuabl as that might b, it was bcaus it was Yahwh's land. W could hav said hr, `Moss cam to thm praching th land of God, for that was why h was snt'. For this was th land whr Yahwh would rign. It would b whr th kingly rul of God was to b stablishd, and whr rightous rulrs wr to stablish justic, and whr vryon was to prospr. That was th dram, vn if th fulfilmnt was a littl diffrnt simply bcaus of thir rfusal to oby. So vn as thy go forward to rciv th promiss th warning from thir fathrs hangs ovr thir had that thy must hav faith in Yahwh, and that whn thy ntr th land that faith must continu, and that if thy turn to unblif, thy too will b cast out of th land. Th consqunc of th failur of thir fathrs was that H had allowd that gnration to pass away, wandring around aimlssly, cast out of th land and dying in th wildrnss, bfor anothr attmpt was mad (Dutronomy 1:34-35; Dutronomy 1:37; Dutronomy 1:46 to Dutronomy 2:1; Dutronomy 2:14-16). It was as though th futur history of Isral, which would witnss a similar failur and xpulsion, had bn prformd in microcosm. It is a foolish thing to say `no' to God. W should not in all this how closly ths thoughts pattrn th purpos of th Book of Numbrs which also sks to prpar for ntry into th land, strsss th judgmnt on th first gnration, and ncourags th nw gnration to go forward (s Commntary on Numbrs). But now th tim had com for th scond attmpt (Dutronomy 2:3). This involvd going by Edom, Moab and Ammon, who wr brothr tribs to th ast of Jordan, skirting thir bordrs (Dutronomy 2:4-23). Ths had had to b lft alon (Dutronomy 2:5; Dutronomy 2:9; Dutronomy 2:19), for Isral must also rcognis what land was not thirs. God did not want thm to attack thir rlatd brothr tribs, but to pay thir way as thy wnt by and rmain at pac with thm. For thir land was not to b sn as availabl to Isral, but as blonging to ths popls bcaus Yahwh had givn it to thm (Dutronomy 2:5; Dutronomy 2:9; Dutronomy 2:19). Th land that was to blong to Isral still lay ahad. It is that land only that thy hav a right to tak by conqust. That land alon is thir inhritanc, although xtndd by prmission to parts of Transjordan whn thir kings provd blligrnt and attackd Isral. By this mans it was mad vry clar that it is Yahwh Who apportions out th lands and Who givs what H will to whom H will, and that thir own land, th chosn land, was spcific and clarly dlinatd (compar Dutronomy 32:8). But lt thm now rcognis that H had givn thm th land of Sihon, th Amorit (Dutronomy 2:24) and of Og, king of Bashan (Dutronomy 3:2-6), and had commncd th procss by which all who hard of Isral would trmbl, as H had promisd so long bfor (Dutronomy 2:25, compar Exodus 15:14-16). Thus thy had totally dfatd Sihon and possssd his land (Dutronomy 2:24-36). And th sam was also tru of Og, king of Bashan, with his mighty citis. Thy had also ovrcom him and dstroyd all his citis (Dutronomy 3:1-7). And thus had th whol of that sid of Jordan, from th bordrs of Moab in th south, northward to Gilad and Bashan, bn dlivrd into thir hands, bing possssd by Rubn, Gad and th half trib of Manassh (Dutronomy 3:8-17), a firstfruit of what was to com. It is difficult for us in rading this to gain th atmosphr of th momnt. As thy stood to har his words in th plain of Moab no on was mor awar than thm of th truth of what h was saying. For thy wr prsnt thr, having thmslvs just bn involvd in it. Thy had just rturnd from fighting a powrful nmy. Grat dangrs had just bn facd, succssful battls had bn fought with smingly powrful armis, thy had

15 5339 Th Book of Dutronomy Ptr Ptt s Prqul to Dutronomy 4 approachd grat citis with trpidation, but through Yahwh's hlp thy had brought thm crashing down. Th dad had bn countd and wr bing mournd as hros, for it was through thir sacrific in th Holy War thy had bn victorious. Th land of Gilad and Bashan was thirs, and thy had rturnd back to camp wary and triumphant. Thy had tastd th good tast of victory. And now hr thy wr gathrd to har Moss, to larn that Yahwh was now about to giv thm th land of th promiss for thm to possss, th land of Canaan itslf. So h rallid th soldiry of Rubn, Gad and th half trib of Manassh, calling on thm to play thir full part in th invasion of Canaan (Dutronomy 3:18-20), and ncouragd and strngthnd Joshua on whom th main rsponsibility for th invasion would fall (Dutronomy 3:21-22; Dutronomy 3:28). As on man thy wr to b rady, poisd for th ntry into Canaan ovr th Rivr Jordan, although sadly h, Moss, would not b a part of it, having bn forbiddn by Yahwh (Dutronomy 3:23-27). From accssd May 12, Chaptr Outlin Charts, Graphics and Short Doctrins W nd to know who th popl ar who populat this chaptr. Th Principals of Dutronomy 4 Moss Joshua Charactrs Th childrn of Isral Gn X Th Gnration of Promis Commntary Moss is th ladr of th childrn of Isral, thos h ld out of Egypt with grat signs and wondrs don by God signs and wondrs which wr sn both by th Egyptians and th Isralits. Joshua was th othr on of th 12 spis who was willing to oby God and go into th land to tak it. Joshua would bcom Isral s nxt grat ladr aftr Moss. This is a gnral trm applid to th popl who lft with Moss out of Egypt. On could includ th childrn who wr born to thm whn in th dsrt in this catgory. Thr ar actually two distinct gnrations to which Moss will only occasionally rfr. Gn X ar thos who ar 20 and oldr whn thy bgin to considr taking th Land of Promis, which lis bfor thm. Ths would b thos considrd adult nough to go to war. God would wip out this gnration of Jws bcaus of thir cowardic and unblif. Gn X is a trm I cam up with; it is not found in th Bibl. Thos who ar childrn whn th Isralits com to th southrn bordr of Judah (what would soon bcom Judah), who wr not old nough to fight whn God told thm to tak th land, thy ar th gnration of promis. Thm and thos born to thm in th dsrt ovr th nxt 40 yars. Primarily, this is a continuation of Moss spaking to th gnration of promis. Chaptr Outlin Charts, Graphics and Short Doctrins This way you can undrstand th placs which ar namd in this chaptr.

16 Dutronomy Chaptr Th Placs of Dutronomy 4 Placs Dscription Bth Por This is whr Moss givs his final srmons to th childrn of Isral. Dut. 4:46 Baal Por Egypt In Moab, whr th popl wnt aftr th fals god; and God dstroyd thos who followd aftr Baal. Dut. 4:3 Egypt was th nation from which Isral was takn by Moss in th xodus. Dut. 4:15, 20, 34, 37, 45 Th Placs of Dutronomy 4 Placs Horb, Mount Horb Th Land of Promis Th Jordan Rivr Citis of Rfug Hshbon Dscription Horb is th northrn part of th Sinaitic rang, whr God first spok to th popl of Isral and thn to Moss spcifically, giving him th Law. Dut. 4:9 10 Th land of Canaan which God promisd to Isral. This is oftn simply calld th land, as in Dut. 4:26. This rivr was th bordr btwn th popl of Isral and th land which God told thm to go into and tak. Dut. 4:21 22, 26, 46 Bzr in th wildrnss on th tablland for th Rubnits, Ramoth in Gilad for th Gadits, and Golan in Bashan for th Manassits. (Dut. 4:43; ESV) Th land occupid by Sihon, th king of th Amorits, whom th popl of Isral dfatd. Dut. 4:46 Bashan Aror Th land of th king of Og, whom th popl of Isral dfatd. Dut. 4:47 A city in th Vally of Arnon. Dut. 4:47 This taks plac East of th Jordan Rivr. Map from Bibl-History.com; accssd May 10, Vally of Arnon A vally/rivr ast of th Dad Sa. Dut. 4:47

17 5341 Th Book of Dutronomy Th Placs of Dutronomy 4 Placs Dscription Mount Sirion Equivalnt to Mount Hrmon. Dut. 4:48 Th Arabah Th Sa of th Arabah Th slops of Pisgah This has svral uss, and can rfr to th Jordan Rivr vally as wll as th vally south of th Dad Sa. Dut. 4:49 Th Dad Sa. Dut. 4:49 This is ast of th Jordan Vally, from whr Moss and th Isralits could s th Dad Sa and th Jordan Vally. Dut. 4:49 Chaptr Outlin Charts, Graphics and Short Doctrins Hr is what to xpct in Dutronomy 4: Ptr Ptt s Synopsis of Dutronomy 4 Thus was it now ncssary for thm to listn to Yahwh's covnant rquirmnts and do thm, so that thy might `liv' and possss th land (Dutronomy 4:1 compar Dutronomy 30:15; Dutronomy 32:47). This was basic to all that lay ahad. Thy must rmmbr that thy had survivd bcaus of thir obdinc, whil othrs had did in th wildrnss (Dutronomy 4:3-4), and that h had givn thm Yahwh's statuts and commandmnts (Dutronomy 4:2; Dutronomy 4:5-9) (as containd in Exodus, Lviticus and Numbrs). It was on th basis of thir obdinc to this covnant that thir succss was guarantd (Dutronomy 4:9), and to this nd h rminds thm again of th awsom xprinc at Sinai, and th way in which Yahwh had rvald Himslf to thm (Dutronomy 4:10-14), and had dclard His covnant rquirmnts (Dutronomy 4:14). And h warns in th light of this against foolish bhaviour, and spcially idolatry, onc thy ar in th land (Dutronomy 4:15-20). Thy must b faithful to thir sovrign Lord and yild thmslvs to no othr. Lt thm not forgt that it was H Who had dlivrd thm out of th firy furnac of Egypt (Dutronomy 4:20). And thy must rmmbr how vn h, Moss, was forbiddn to ntr th land bcaus of his disobdinc (Dutronomy 4:21-22). Thus thy must tak to hart th lsson that th On Who is giving thm th land can just as asily tak it away from thm again. It is vr thirs on probation. H has takn it from thir fathrs. H has takn it from Moss. H will tak it from th Canaanits, driving thm out bcaus of thir vil bhaviour and idolatry (Dutronomy 4:38). And H will giv it to Isral. But lt thm b vr awar that H can just as asily tak it from thm too if thy fail to rspond in full obdinc, and mak imags for thmslvs (Dutronomy 4:23-25), driving thm too out into xil among forignrs until thy rpnt of thir failur Dutronomy 4: But Moss could not lav it thr, for h knw that in th nd it was God's purpos through Abraham's dscndants to stablish blssing for th world. So h knw that such rjction could not b th nd. Though mn may fail God would not. So h dclars that thn if thy rpnt H will rstor thm (Dutronomy 4:29-31), for thy ar th popl through whom His purposs must b workd out as promisd to thir forfathrs. Ths ar th initial warnings of th covnant, prparing for th blssings and possibl cursings ahad (Dutronomy 27:15 to Dutronomy 28:68), typical of th ovrlordship covnants (suzrainty tratis). Th point is bing continually mphasisd that th land was Yahwh's and could only blong to thos who wr tru to th covnant

18 Dutronomy Chaptr Ptr Ptt s Synopsis of Dutronomy 4 Lt thm thn now considr. Was vr popl lik thm? Had any vr had xprincs lik thirs? Was vr any god lik thir God in His gratnss, Who had so wondrfully dlivrd thm and was now about to giv thm possssion of His land? (Dutronomy 4:33-39). That is why thy wr to oby His commandmnts and laws (Dutronomy 4:40). H was sking to kp thm stadfast to th nd. Chaptrs 1-4 thus contain all that is ncssary for th stablishmnt of a covnant. Prambl, dclaration of what thy ow to thir Ovrlord, offr, rquirmnt to oby His statuts and ordinancs, and warning of what will follow if thy do not, followd by an mphasis on th witnss of havn and arth to th covnant and on thir own witnss to th powr and faithfulnss of Yahwh. Yt it is also a prliminary introduction to a mor dtaild xposition of th covnant, for th rquirmnts ar not splld out in dtail. For this will lad on into Dutronomy 5, which is th commncmnt of `th rnwal of th covnant' spch (Dutronomy 4:44 to Dutronomy 29:1) in what is almost a r-nactmnt of what had takn plac at Mount Sinai. In it Moss will bring th Sinai xprinc right into th prsnt in all its vividnss (Dutronomy 5:2; Dutronomy 5:22-29). As h dclars, `Yahwh did not mak this covnant with our fathrs, but with us, vn all of us who ar aliv hr this day' (Dutronomy 5:3). And thn h brings what happnd at Sinai bfor thm as though it wr somthing that had happnd to thm and as somthing in which thy had takn part (as th ldst among thm had as childrn), including th vry dclaration of th covnant words, slightly but dlibratly altrd to suit thir situation (Dutronomy 5:5-29). And h dos it in such a way that it strsss that thy ar as much involvd in th covnant of Sinai as thir fathrs had bn (Dutronomy 5:3; Dutronomy 5:23-30). Thy must s what had happnd thr as having happnd to thm. And now thrfor thy must bind thmslvs in that covnant to do all that was commandd in it. For Yahwh has snt him with dtails of th rquirmnts of that covnant which h is now about to pass on to thm (Dutronomy 5:31-33). And it is at this point that h bgins to outlin th rquirmnts of th covnant, th covnant stipulations (chaptr 6 onwards), which h will follow up with cursings and blssings (Dutronomy 27:11 to Dutronomy 28:68) and th saling of th covnant. Lik all chaptrs of th Word of God, you nd mor than just th simpl plot outlin to undrstand what God wants us to know. From accssd May 12, Chaptr Outlin Charts, Graphics and Short Doctrins I find it xtrmly hlpful to b abl to undrstand th sort of organization that an author uss. This allows th chaptr to unfold in a logical, progrssiv way. Moss uss 3 incidnts from th past to tach th Isralits. Thn h looks forward to futur vnts, and prsnts ths futur vnts almost as if thy wr history, bcaus Moss, at th nd, will draw som conclusions, basd upon what thy popl had alrady sn and hard; along with things that would occur in th futur to thir dscndants. What follows is prhaps th bst outlin of this chaptr, that, if you hav th organization straight in your mind, so that it all holds togthr. Th first 3 things wr objct lssons, basd upon that which thy hav sn and hard. Thn thr ar two prophtical lssons, of things which would com to pass; and th lssons to b drawn from futur things. Thn w hav two mor sts of historical incidnts followd by th conclusion. Th mphasis is upon what thy hav sn and hard, bcaus that forms th basis for all that thy larn from Moss in this chaptr. Thrfor, Moss is going to mak rfrnc to what thy hav sn and hard, and thn build principls upon that.

19 5343 Th Book of Dutronomy Th Organization of Dutronomy 4 Basd upon a Sris of Objct Lssons Objct Lsson Txt Commntary (1) Introduction (Dut. 4:1 2) (2) Baal Por (Dut 4:3-8) (3) Sinai (3) Sinai (con t) "And now, O Isral, listn to th statuts and th ruls that I am taching you, and do thm, that you may liv, and go in and tak possssion of th land that th LORD, th God of your fathrs, is giving you. You shall not add to th word that I command you, nor tak from it, that you may kp th commandmnts of th LORD your God that I command you. (Dut. 4:1 2; ESV; capitalizd throughout) Your ys hav sn what th LORD did at Baal-por, for th LORD your God dstroyd from among you all th mn who followd th Baal of Por. But you who hld fast to th LORD your God ar all aliv today. S, I hav taught you statuts and ruls, as th LORD my God commandd m, that you should do thm in th land that you ar ntring to tak possssion of it. Kp thm and do thm, for that will b your wisdom and your undrstanding in th sight of th popls, who, whn thy har all ths statuts, will say, 'Surly this grat nation is a wis and undrstanding popl.' (Dut. 4:3 6) "Only tak car, and kp your soul diligntly, lst you forgt th things that your ys hav sn, and lst thy dpart from your hart all th days of your lif. Mak thm known to your childrn and your childrn's childrn--how on th day that you stood bfor th LORD your God at Horb, th LORD said to m, 'Gathr th popl to M, that I may lt thm har My words, so that thy may larn to far M all th days that thy liv on th arth, and that thy may tach thir childrn so.' And you cam nar and stood at th foot of th mountain, whil th mountain burnd with fir to th hart of havn, wrappd in darknss, cloud, and gloom. Thn th LORD spok to you out of th midst of th fir. You hard th sound of words, but saw no form; thr was only a voic. And H dclard to you His covnant, which H commandd you to prform, that is, th Tn Commandmnts, and H wrot thm on two tablts of ston. And th LORD commandd m at that tim to tach you statuts and ruls, that you might do thm in th land that you ar going ovr to possss. Th Isralits nd to listn to th statuts and judicial applications that Moss is taching thm, and this will giv thm abundant lif. Thn thy can go into th Land of Promis and tak it. Thy ar not to add or tak away from what Moss tachs thm. Th vnts at Baal Por dramatically dmonstratd that turning from God would l a d t o t r r i b l consquncs. Spcifically rfrs to Isral's idolatry at Baal Por, which God judgd by killing 24,000 popl. Thos who rmaind faithful survivd, but now thy facd anothr tst of thir faith as Moss calld thm to furthr obdinc in th light of this vnt. Thy saw no form of God; thrfor, thy wr not to ngag in idolatry. Thy had no basis with which to mak an idol.

20 Dutronomy Chaptr Th Organization of Dutronomy 4 Basd upon a Sris of Objct Lssons Objct Lsson Txt Commntary (3) Sinai (con t) (Dut 4:9-20) (4) Mribah (Dut 4:21-24) (5) Th Grat Disprsion (Dut. 4:25 28) (6) Th Rgathring of Isral (Dut. 4:29 31) "Thrfor watch yourslvs vry carfully. Sinc you saw no form on th day that th LORD spok to you at Horb out of th midst of th fir, bwar lst you act corruptly by making a carvd imag for yourslvs, in th form of any figur, th liknss of mal or fmal, th liknss of any animal that is on th arth, th liknss of any wingd bird that flis in th air, th liknss of anything that crps on th ground, th liknss of any fish that is in th watr undr th arth. (Dut. 4:9 18) Furthrmor, th LORD was angry with m bcaus of you, and H swor that I should not cross th Jordan, and that I should not ntr th good land that th LORD your God is giving you for an inhritanc. For I must di in this land; I must not go ovr th Jordan. But you shall go ovr and tak possssion of that good land. Tak car, lst you forgt th covnant of th LORD your God, which H mad with you, and mak a carvd imag, th form of anything that th LORD your God has forbiddn you. For th LORD your God is a consuming fir, a jalous God. (Dut. 4:21 24) "Whn you fathr childrn and childrn's childrn, and hav grown old in th land, if you act corruptly by making a carvd imag in th form of anything, and by doing what is vil in th sight of th LORD your God, so as to provok him to angr, I call havn and arth to witnss against you today, that you will soon uttrly prish from th land that you ar going ovr th Jordan to possss. You will not liv long in it, but will b uttrly dstroyd. And th LORD will scattr you among th popls, and you will b lft fw in numbr among th nations whr th LORD will driv you. And thr you will srv gods of wood and ston, th work of human hands, that nithr s, nor har, nor at, nor smll. (Dut. 4:25 28) But from thr you will sk th LORD your God and you will find Him, if you sarch aftr Him with all your hart and with all your soul. Whn you ar in tribulation, and all ths things com upon you in th lattr days, you will rturn to th LORD your God and oby His voic. For th LORD your God is a mrciful God. H will not lav you or dstroy you or forgt th covnant with your fathrs that H swor to thm. (Dut. 4:29 31) At th scond Mribah incidnt, Moss disobyd God; and thrfor, h would not go into th land. At som point in tim, futur gnrations of Isralits will turn against God, and H w o u l d s c a t t r t h m throughout th gntils. Whn outsid of th land, th Isralits would rturn to God in thir thinking, and God would rmmbr t h covnant which H had mad with thir fathrs.

21 5345 Th Book of Dutronomy Th Organization of Dutronomy 4 Basd upon a Sris of Objct Lssons Objct Lsson Txt Commntary (7) Egypt and th xodus (Dut. 4:32 36) (7) Egypt and th xodus con t "For ask now of th days that ar past, which wr bfor you, sinc th day that God cratd man on th arth, and ask from on nd of havn to th othr, whthr such a grat thing as this has vr happnd or was vr hard of. Did any popl vr har th voic of a god spaking out of th midst of th fir, as you hav hard, and still liv? Or has any god vr attmptd to go and tak a nation for himslf from th midst of anothr nation, by trials, by signs, by wondrs, and by war, by a mighty hand and an outstrtchd arm, and by grat dds of trror, all of which th LORD your God did for you in Egypt bfor your ys? To you it was shown, that you might know that th LORD is God; thr is no othr bsids Him. Out of havn H lt you har His voic, that H might disciplin you. And on arth H lt you s his grat fir, and you hard His words out of th midst of th fir. (Dut. 4:32 36) Nothing lik this has happnd bfor in human history, that God would tak a nation (Isral) out of anothr nation (Egypt). This has all occurrd with grat signs, wondr and powr. (8) God s statd motivation with th illustration of Egypt continud (Dut. 4:37 39) And bcaus H lovd your fathrs and chos thir offspring aftr thm and brought you out of Egypt with His own prsnc, by His grat powr, driving out bfor you nations gratr and mightir than yourslvs, to bring you in, to giv you thir land for an inhritanc, as it is this day, know thrfor today, and lay it to your hart, that th LORD is God in havn abov and on th arth bnath; thr is no othr. (Dut. 4:37 39) God did this out of grac, bcaus H lovd thir fathrs. Know, thrfor, bcaus of what happnd, that thir God is th God. (9) Conclusion (Dut. 4:40) Thrfor you shall kp His statuts and His commandmnts, which I command you today, that it may go wll with you and with your childrn aftr you, and that you may prolong your days in th land that th LORD your God is giving you for all tim." (Dut. 4:40) Th ky to long, prosprous lif in th land is knowing, prsrving and obying God s Law. Inspird and partially takn from accssd May 14, Howvr, most of this is original. Chaptr Outlin Charts, Graphics and Short Doctrins Dr. Thomas Constabl organizs this chaptr without rfrnc to th objct lssons: Ths chif idas ar th Torah as wisdom (Dutronomy 4:1-14), warning against idolatry (Dutronomy 4:15-24), th possibility of xil (Dutronomy 4:25-31), and God's prsnc with Isral 23 (Dutronomy 4:32-40). Ptt is abl to summariz this chaptr by a singl paragraph: 23 From accssd May 15, 2015.

22 Dutronomy Chaptr Ptt s Brif Synopsis of Dutronomy 4 Having stablishd th crtainty of thir succssful ntry into th land Moss now follows this up with a charg to fulfil all God's rquirmnts. And h dos it in th light of what God has rvald Himslf to b. This chaptr up to vrs 40 in fact maks th first four chaptrs into a mini-covnant for it follows th historical prologu of Dutronomy 1-3 by summarising th stipulations of thir Ovrlord (Dutronomy 4:1-2), strsss how favourd thy ar bcaus of His supriority and th supriority of th taching that H has givn thm (Dutronomy 4:7-8) and that H had appard prsonally in ordr to urg ths stipulations on thm (Dutronomy 4:10-15), and nds with warnings in lin with th covnant pattrn (Dutronomy 4:25-28), and an appal to witnsss (Dutronomy 4:26). It thus forms a mini-covnant within th largr covnant. From accssd May 12, Chaptr Outlin Charts, Graphics and Short Doctrins Hr is on mor: Whdon Summarizs Dutronomy 4 in a Singl Paragraph Aftr th prcding historical rviw Moss passs to a forcibl xhortation to kp th law of Jhovah. H commncs by urging th popl to kp th rquirmnts of Jhovah without adding to thm or taking from thm. H warns thm of th prils of disobdinc by rcalling to thir minds th fat of thos who joind in th idolatrous and licntious rits of Baal-por. H rminds thm that thy who kpt Jhovah's commandmnts ar aliv. H tlls thm that thir gratnss as a nation and thir position in th stimation of othr nations would dpnd upon thir obsrvanc of ths statuts and rquirmnts. H warns thm not to forgt what thy hav sn in thir past xprinc. By th sublim scns of Horb, whn Jhovah spak unto thm out of th midst of th fir, thy ar warnd against idolatry. Th discours passs to a thratning of thir disprsion among th nations as th punishmnt for thir turning away from God, but with a promis of thir rstoration if thy shall again sk Jhovah. Again, Moss appals to th wondrs of thir past history. H tlls thm God lovd thir fathrs. H brought thm out of Egypt with a mighty hand. H is to driv out grat and mighty nations so as to giv thm an inhritanc. This first discours closs with promiss of prosprity if thy will kp th commandmnts and statuts of Jhovah From accssd May 14, Chaptr Outlin Charts, Graphics and Short Doctrins Ptr Ptt Looks Backward and Forwards It is difficult for us in rading this to gain th atmosphr of th momnt. As thy stood to har his words in th plain of Moab no on was mor awar than thm of th truth of what h was saying. For thy wr prsnt thr, having thmslvs just bn involvd in it. Thy had just rturnd from fighting a powrful nmy. Grat dangrs had just bn facd, succssful battls had bn fought with smingly powrful armis, thy had approachd grat citis with trpidation, but through Yahwh's hlp thy had brought thm crashing down. Th dad had bn countd and wr bing mournd as hros, for it was through thir sacrific in th Holy War thy had bn victorious. Th land of Gilad and Bashan was thirs, and thy had rturnd back to camp wary and triumphant. Thy had tastd th good tast of victory. And now hr thy wr gathrd to har Moss, to larn that Yahwh was now about to giv thm th land of th promiss for thm to possss, th land of Canaan itslf. So h rallid th soldiry of Rubn, Gad and th half trib of Manassh, calling on thm to play thir full part in th invasion of Canaan (Dutronomy 3:18-20), and ncouragd and strngthnd Joshua on whom th main rsponsibility for th invasion would fall (Dutronomy 3:21-22; Dutronomy 3:28). As on man thy wr to b rady, poisd for th ntry into

23 5347 Th Book of Dutronomy Ptr Ptt Looks Backward and Forwards Canaan ovr th Rivr Jordan, although sadly h, Moss, would not b a part of it, having bn forbiddn by Yahwh (Dutronomy 3:23-27). Thus was it now ncssary for thm to listn to Yahwh's covnant rquirmnts and do thm, so that thy might `liv' and possss th land (Dutronomy 4:1 compar Dutronomy 30:15; Dutronomy 32:47). This was basic to all that lay ahad. Thy must rmmbr that thy had survivd bcaus of thir obdinc, whil othrs had did in th wildrnss (Dutronomy 4:3-4), and that h had givn thm Yahwh's statuts and commandmnts (Dutronomy 4:2; Dutronomy 4:5-9) (as containd in Exodus, Lviticus and Numbrs). It was on th basis of thir obdinc to this covnant that thir succss was guarantd (Dutronomy 4:9), and to this nd h rminds thm again of th awsom xprinc at Sinai, and th way in which Yahwh had rvald Himslf to thm (Dutronomy 4:10-14), and had dclard His covnant rquirmnts (Dutronomy 4:14). And h warns in th light of this against foolish bhaviour, and spcially idolatry, onc thy ar in th land (Dutronomy 4:15-20). Thy must b faithful to thir sovrign Lord and yild thmslvs to no othr. Lt thm not forgt that it was H Who had dlivrd thm out of th firy furnac of Egypt (Dutronomy 4:20). And thy must rmmbr how vn h, Moss, was forbiddn to ntr th land bcaus of his disobdinc (Dutronomy 4:21-22). Thus thy must tak to hart th lsson that th On Who is giving thm th land can just as asily tak it away from thm again. It is vr thirs on probation. H has takn it from thir fathrs. H has takn it from Moss. H will tak it from th Canaanits, driving thm out bcaus of thir vil bhaviour and idolatry (Dutronomy 4:38). And H will giv it to Isral. But lt thm b vr awar that H can just as asily tak it from thm too if thy fail to rspond in full obdinc, and mak imags for thmslvs (Dutronomy 4:23-25), driving thm too out into xil among forignrs until thy rpnt of thir failur Dutronomy 4: But Moss could not lav it thr, for h knw that in th nd it was God's purpos through Abraham's dscndants to stablish blssing for th world. So h knw that such rjction could not b th nd. Though mn may fail God would not. So h dclars that thn if thy rpnt H will rstor thm (Dutronomy 4:29-31), for thy ar th popl through whom His purposs must b workd out as promisd to thir forfathrs. Ths ar th initial warnings of th covnant, prparing for th blssings and possibl cursings ahad (Dutronomy 27:15 to Dutronomy 28:68), typical of th ovrlordship covnants (suzrainty tratis). Th point is bing continually mphasisd that th land was Yahwh's and could only blong to thos who wr tru to th covnant Lt thm thn now considr. Was vr popl lik thm? Had any vr had xprincs lik thirs? Was vr any god lik thir God in His gratnss, Who had so wondrfully dlivrd thm and was now about to giv thm possssion of His land? (Dutronomy 4:33-39). That is why thy wr to oby His commandmnts and laws (Dutronomy 4:40). H was sking to kp thm stadfast to th nd. Chaptrs 1-4 thus contain all that is ncssary for th stablishmnt of a covnant. Prambl, dclaration of what thy ow to thir Ovrlord, offr, rquirmnt to oby His statuts and ordinancs, and warning of what will follow if thy do not, followd by an mphasis on th witnss of havn and arth to th covnant and on thir own witnss to th powr and faithfulnss of Yahwh. Yt it is also a prliminary introduction to a mor dtaild xposition of th covnant, for th rquirmnts ar not splld out in dtail. For this will lad on into Dutronomy 5, which is th commncmnt of `th rnwal of th covnant' spch (Dutronomy 4:44 to Dutronomy 29:1) in what is almost a r-nactmnt of what had takn plac at Mount Sinai. In it Moss will bring th Sinai xprinc right into th prsnt in all its vividnss (Dutronomy 5:2; Dutronomy 5:22-29). As h dclars, `Yahwh did not mak this covnant with our fathrs, but with us, vn all of us who ar aliv hr this day' (Dutronomy 5:3). And thn h brings what happnd at Sinai bfor thm as though it wr somthing that had happnd to thm and as somthing in which thy had takn part (as th ldst among thm had as childrn), including th vry dclaration of th covnant words, slightly but dlibratly altrd to suit thir situation (Dutronomy 5:5-29). And h dos it in such a way that it strsss

24 Dutronomy Chaptr Ptr Ptt Looks Backward and Forwards that thy ar as much involvd in th covnant of Sinai as thir fathrs had bn (Dutronomy 5:3; Dutronomy 5:23-30). Thy must s what had happnd thr as having happnd to thm. And now thrfor thy must bind thmslvs in that covnant to do all that was commandd in it. For Yahwh has snt him with dtails of th rquirmnts of that covnant which h is now about to pass on to thm (Dutronomy 5:31-33). And it is at this point that h bgins to outlin th rquirmnts of th covnant, th covnant stipulations (chaptr 6 onwards), which h will follow up with cursings and blssings (Dutronomy 27:11 to Dutronomy 28:68) and th saling of th covnant. From accssd March 26, Chaptr Outlin Charts, Graphics and Short Doctrins Jams Coffman maks a fascinating obsrvation, which hlps to ti th book of Dutronomy togthr as a cohsiv whol. Mrdith Klin: Th Book of Dutronomy is Lik th Suzrain Tratis Dutronomy vry closly follows th covnant (traty) pattrn in vogu during th mid-scond millnnium B.C. This pattrn, found in all of th suzrain tratis lik thos of th Hittit kings of that ra, faturs th following itms: (1) idntification of th author of th covnant as spakr (Dut. 1:1 5); (2) rfrnc to past historical rlations (Dut. 1:6 4:40); (3) th prsntation of th cntral dmand of th suzrain for pur dvotion and obdinc to th makr of th covnant (Dut. 4:44 26:19); (4) blssings and cursings invokd upon th lssr partis to th covnant (Dut ); (5) invocation of witnsss (Dut. 29); (6) th rquirmnt to transmit th knowldg of th covnant to subsqunt gnrations (Dut. 30); (7) allusions to th dynastic issu (Dut ). (From Jams Coffman s commntary) Klin furthr statd that, "Dutronomy mbodis to som xtnt all th faturs which constitut th documntary pattrn of ancint suzrainty tratis." Furthrmor, th `critical orthodoxy' of th first-half of this cntury has stubbornly insistd on dating Dutronomy around th svnth cntury B.C.; "but th pattrn of covnant tratis followd hr is of a kind that is typical of th mid-1400 B.C. 24 ra, and not of th svnth cntury." Coffman continus: Thr is also anothr striking fact. Th conformity of Dutronomy to thos pattrns prvalnt in th tims of Moss (about 1400 B.C.) is not th obvious, slavish copying of such pattrns, lik thos that would hav markd th work of any forgr, but th conformity is a variabl on, with all of th lading aspcts of th covnant pattrn "found hr and thr throughout Dutronomy, and this is xplaind by th origin of th matrial in th fr oratory of Moss' farwll." Th significanc of this is profound. First, th documntary thsis with its allgd sourcs of th Pntatuch is discrditd and dnid. Th Mosaic authorship 25 is continud. Th lat-dating of Dutronomy is intllctually impossibl! Coffman was quit adamant about th Mosaic authorship of Dutronomy, and about th total lack of vidnc against this position; but mn who hld such a position anyway. Throughout Coffman s xamination of Dut. 4, h continually and passionatly dos battl with thos who bliv diffrntly. I found it to b quit an njoyabl rad, in part du to Coffman s passion and dogmatism. 24 From accssd May 11, 2015; original rfrncs citd thr. 25 From accssd May 11, 2015; original rfrncs citd thr.

25 5349 Th Book of Dutronomy From accssd May 11, 2015 (slightly ditd). This is in Jams Coffman s commntary, and h cits Mrdith G. Klin; Wycliff Bibl Commntary, Dutronomy (Chicago: Moody Prss, 1962) p I addd th Scriptural rfrncs, but without doing a grat dal of rsarch. A similar approach to this topic is found in th Introduction to Dutronomy (HTML) (PDF) (WPD). Chaptr Outlin Charts, Graphics and Short Doctrins From Dr. Thomas Constabl s commntary: "Th law givn at Sinai is proprly a suzrainty traty rathr than a lgal cod, and Dutronomy is a covnant-rnwal documnt. Consquntly it has som modification or modrnizations of th cod givn originally." [Not: Schultz, p. 32.] "... thr is no distinctiv anthropology in Dutronomy bcaus in this covnant txt th individual is of rlativly littl significanc. It is Isral, th vassal, that is highlightd in th book whos purpos is to show th Sovrign's rdmptiv, covnantal claims on and rlationship to a popl through 26 whom H would manifst His saving will." [Not: Mrrill, "A Thology...," p. 72.]. From Dr. Thomas Constabl s commntary: "Th paralll btwn th litrary structur of this chaptr and that of th Nar Eastrn traty is notworthy. Th author of th traty is namd (1, 2, 5, 10), rfrnc is mad to th prcding historical acts, th traty stipulations ar mntiond, th appal is mad for Isral to oby, th traty sanctions, blssing and cursing, ar rfrrd to, witnsss ar mntiond (26), and th obligation to transmit th knowldg of th traty to th nxt gnration is statd (10). Whil ths lmnts in th Nar Eastrn traty ar not st out in a rigid lgal form, but ar wovn into a spch without rgard for strict formality, thy can b clarly discrnd." [Not: Thompson, p Cf. Mrrill, Dutronomy, p. 113.] "Moss strsss th uniqunss of God's rvlation to thm and thir rsponsibility." [Not: Samul J. Schultz, Dutronomy, p. 30.] "H [Moss] would not ntr th land and guid th popl in God's Law, so h now givs thm his xplanation of th Law to us in his absnc. His cntral purpos in this sction is to draw out th 27 chif idas of th Sinai narrativs, Exodus " [Not: Sailhamr, p. 433.]. This chaptr is quit unusual, for th book of Dutronomy, as it contains som narrativ at th nd. Moss will complt his first srmon at Dut. 4:40. Vv is narrativ, which is found sparingly in Dutronomy. Th narrativ at th nd is somwhat unusual, almost as if th first sction is a summary of what Moss said (said or did). Howvr, if that is th cas, it is placd in an odd plac. Thr is th possibility that Dut. 4:40 was th nd of Moss first srmon, and that Moss st up th citis of rfug aftr not as a part of th srmon, but as simply som organizational work that was ncssary for him to do. That would b vv Wlls of Living Watr Commntary: Moss was 120 yars of ag. H had had many tstings by th way, and yt in th last momnts thr is nothing spokn by way of complaint. H dos, howvr, 28 spak much of th way God had ld th popl. Ptr Ptt: On furthr prparation was now ncssary bfor advancing into th land. Whil th nation wr all togthr as on it was ncssary for th covnant rquirmnts to b affirmd and stablishd lst having gaind th land thy los it by disobdinc and transgrssion. Thus in this chaptr h urgs th importanc of obdinc to Yahwh's statuts and ordinancs, and rminds thm of th uniqunss of thir Ovrlord and how thy had sn Him and had rcivd th covnant rquirmnts dirctly from His mouth, and how H was th On Who had dlivrd thm from th iron furnac of Egypt, and h warns what will happn to thm if th rquirmnts of th covnant ar nglctd, first from his own xampl as on xcludd from th land bcaus of sin, and thn in trms of thir too bing drivn out of th land as thir fathrs had bn bfor thm, and as th Canaanits would b as a rsult of thir fforts. This will thn b followd in a latr spch (5 onwards) by a From accssd May 15, From accssd May 15, From accssd May 15, 2015.

26 Dutronomy Chaptr rmindr of th wording of th covnant and an abbrviatd but dtaild outlin of th covnant 29 stipulations. As usual, I will bgin and nd Moss dissrtation with a singl st of quotation marks. Vv ar also narrativ, which I s as th introduction to Dut. 5 (although thr ar diffrnt viws on this). This sction appars to hav bn insrtd by somon ls (I would suppos Joshua; somon ls will suggst that it is Ezra). As an asid, I probably usd too many quotations from Ptr Ptt, but h did writ an xcllnt commntary on this chaptr. It is always intrsting to m, that I can rad through two sts of commntaris, prhaps vn of qual lngth, and on has nothing worthwhil in it, whras th othr, lik Ptt s, spaks th truth of narly vry singl vrs. Dr. Thomas Constabl also writs an xcllnt commntary, and I quotd from him xtnsivly (I go to th commntaris whn I am about 80% don with this commntary). Chaptr Outlin Charts, Graphics and Short Doctrins Prsrv and oby th prfct statuts and laws of God Kukis slavishly litral: Kukis modratly litral: And now, Isral, listn unto th dcrs and unto th judgmnts that I am taching you [all] to do that you will [all] liv and you [all] hav gon in and you [all] hav takn possssion of th land which Y howah, an Elohim of your fathrs, is giving you. Kukis not so litral: Dutronomy 4:1 Now thn, Isral, listn to th statuts and to th judicial dcrs that I am taching you [all] to do, so that you will liv [abundantly] and go in and tak possssion of th land which Y howah, th Elohim of your fathrs, has givn you. Now thn, Isral, listn and oby ths statuts and judicial dcrs that I am taching all of you to do, so that you may liv lif abundantly and so that you may go into th land and tak possssion of it th land that Jhovah, th God of your fathrs, has givn you. Hr is how othrs hav translatd this vrs: Ancint txts: Not: I compar th Hbrw txt to English translations of th Latin, Syriac and 30 Grk txts, using th Douay-Rhims translation ; Gorg Lamsa s translation, and Sir Lanclot Charls L Brnton s translation as rvisd and ditd by Paul W. Esposito, rspctivly. I oftn updat ths txts with non-substantiv changs (.g., you for thou, tc.). I oftn us th txt of th Complt Apostls Bibl instad of Brnton s translation, bcaus it updats th English txt. Th Sptuagint was th arlist known translation of a book (circa 200 B.C.). Sinc this translation was mad bfor th txtual criticism had bn dvlopd into a scinc and bcaus diffrnt books appar to b translatd by diffrnt mn, th Grk translation can somtims b vry unvn From accssd May 12, I hav bgun to doubt my -sword Douay-Rhims vrsion, so I now us

27 5351 Th Book of Dutronomy Ancint txts: Whn thr ar srious disparitis btwn my translation and Brnton s (or th txt of th Complt Apostls Bibl), I look at th Grk txt of th Sptuagint (th LXX) to s if a substantiv diffrnc actually xists (and I rflct ths changs in th English rndring of th Grk txt). I us th Grk LXX with Strong s numbrs and morphology availabl for -sword. Th only problm with this rsourc (which is a problm for similar rsourcs) is, thr is no way to furthr xplor Grk vrbs which ar not found in th Nw Tstamnt. Although I usually quot th Complt Apostls Bibl hr, I hav bgun to mak changs in th translation whn thir translation conflicts with th Grk and not what thos changs ar. Th Masortic txt is th Hbrw txt with all of th vowls (vowl points) insrtd (th original Hbrw txt lackd vowls). W tak th Masortic txt to b th txt closst to th original. Howvr, diffrncs btwn th Masortic txt and th Grk, Latin and Syriac ar worth noting and, onc in a grat whil, rprsnt a mor accurat txt possssd by thos othr ancint translators. In gnral, th Latin txt is an outstanding translation from th Hbrw txt into Latin and vry trustworthy (I say this as a non-catholic). Unfortunatly, I do not rad Latin apart from som vry obvious words so I am dpndnt upon th English translation of th Latin (principally, th Douay-Rhims translation). Undrlind words indicat diffrncs in th txt. Bracktd portions of th Dad Sa Scrolls ar words, lttrs and phrass lost in th scroll du to various typs of damag. Undrlind words or phrass ar thos in th Dad Sa Scrolls but not in th Masortic txt. I will only list th translation from th Dad Sa Scrolls if it xists and if it is diffrnt from th Masortic txt. Ths Bibls oftn fall into mor than on catgory; I placd thm whr I blivd thm to hav th bst fit. Masortic Txt (Hbrw) Onklos targum Latin Vulgat Pshitta (Syriac) Sptuagint (Grk) Significant diffrncs: And now, Isral, listn unto th dcrs and unto th judgmnts that I am taching you [all] to do that you will [all] liv and you [all] hav gon in and you [all] hav takn possssion of th land which Y howah, an Elohim of your fathrs, is giving you. And now, Isral, har th statuts and judgmnts which I tach you to do, that you may liv, and go in and inhrit th land th Lord God of your fathrs givth you. And now, O Isral, har th commandmnts and judgmnts which I tach you: that doing thm, you may liv, and ntring in may possss th land which th Lord th God of your fathrs will giv you. NOW thrfor harkn, O Isral, to th law and to th judgmnts which I tach you this day, to do thm, that you may liv and go in and possss th land which th LORD th God of your fathrs givs you. And now, O Isral, har th statuts and judgmnts, har all that I tach you this day to do, that you may liv, and b multiplid, and that you may go in and inhrit th land, which th Lord God of your fathrs givs to you. Th Syriac and Grk add this day to th first fw phrass. Th Grk also adds th phras and b multiplid.

28 Dutronomy Chaptr Limitd Vocabulary Bibls: Bibl in Basic English Easy English Easy-to-Rad Vrsion Good Nws Bibl (TEV) Th Mssag Nams of God Bibl NIRV Nw Simplifid Bibl And now giv ar, O Isral, to th laws and th dcisions which I am taching you, and do thm; so that lif may b yours, and you may go in and tak for yourslvs th land which th Lord, th God of your fathrs, is giving you. Moss tlls th Isralits to rmmbr God's Ruls. Listn, Isral's popl, to th ruls and dcrs that I am going to tach you. If you oby thm, you will liv. You will march into th country and thn it will blong to you. This is th country that th LORD, th God of your fathrs, is giving to you. Now, Isral, listn to th laws and to th commands that I tach you. Oby thm and you will liv. Thn you can go in and tak th land that th Lord, th God of your ancstors, is giving you. Thn Moss said to th popl, "Oby all th laws that I am taching you, and you will liv and occupy th land which th LORD, th God of your ancstors, is giving you. Now listn, Isral, listn carfully to th ruls and rgulations that I am taching you to follow so that you may liv and ntr and tak possssion of th land that God, th God-of-Your-Fathrs, is giving to you. Moss Rminds Isral to B Loyal to th Lord Isral, listn to th laws and ruls I am about to tach you. Oby thm so that you will liv and b abl to ntr and tak possssion of th land that Yahwh Elohim of your ancstors is giving you. Oby th Lord Now, Isral, listn to th ruls and laws I'm going to tach you. Oby thm and you will liv. You will go in and tak ovr th land. Th Lord was th God of your popl of long ago. H's giving you th land.»isral, listn to ths laws and tachings! If you oby thm you will liv! Go in and tak th land that Jhovah th God of your fathrs is giving you. Thought-for-thought translations; paraphrass: Common English Bibl Contmporary English V. Th Living Bibl Nw Brkly Vrsion Nw Cntury Vrsion Nw Lif Bibl Th vnts at Mount Horb Now, Isral, in light of all that, listn to th rgulations and th cas laws that I am taching you to follow, so that you may liv, ntr, and possss th land that th Lord, your ancstors' God, is giving to you. Isral, listn to ths laws and tachings! If you oby thm, you will liv, and you will go in and tak th land that th LORD is giving you. H is th God your ancstors worshipd, and now h is your God. I am tlling you vrything h has commandd, so don't add anything or tak anything away. V. 2 is includd for contxt. "And now, O Isral, listn carfully to ths laws I tach you, and oby thm if you want to liv and ntr into and possss th land givn you by th Lord God of your ancstors. And now, Isral, pay strict attntion to th laws and ordinancs which I am taching you to obsrv, that you may liv and ntr and possss th land which th LORD, th God of your fathrs, is granting you. Moss Tlls Isral to Oby Now, Isral, listn to th laws and commands I will tach you. Oby thm so that you will liv and so that you will go ovr and tak th land th Lord, th God of your ancstors, is giving to you. "Now, O Isral, listn to th Laws I am taching you. Do thm so that you may liv and go in to tak th land for your own that th Lord, th God of your fathrs, is giving you.

29 5353 Th Book of Dutronomy Nw Living Translation Moss Urgs Isral to Oby "And now, Isral, listn carfully to ths dcrs and rgulations that I am about to tach you. Oby thm so that you may liv, so you may ntr and occupy th land that th Lord, th God of your ancstors, is giving you. Partially litral and partially paraphrasd translations: Amrican English Bibl 'And now, O IsraEl; Listn to th ruls and dcisions - vrything that I'm going to tach you today - so that you can liv, grow, and inhrit th land that Jhovah th God of your ancstors is giving to you. Bck s Amrican Translation How You Should Liv And now, Isral, listn to th laws and rgulations I tach you to kp so that you will liv, go in, and tak th land th LORD, th God of your fathrs, givs you. Intrnational Standard V Moss Prsnts th Privilgs of th Covnant "Now, Isral, listn to th statuts and th ordinancs that I'm taching you to obsrv so you may liv and go in to tak possssion of th land that th LORD, th God of your ancstors, is about to giv you. Nw Advnt (Knox) Bibl And now, Isral, pay good hd to th laws and th dcrs I am making known to you. It is yours to obsrv thm, if you would hav lif; if you would find your way into th land promisd you by th Lord God of your fathrs, and tak possssion of it. Today s NIV Obdinc Commandd Now, Isral, har th dcrs and laws I am about to tach you. Follow thm so that you may liv and may go in and tak possssion of th land th LORD, th God of your ancstors, is giving you. Translation for Translators Moss urgd th popl to oby God's laws "Now, you Israli popl, oby all th ruls and rgulations [DOU] that I will tach you. If you do that, you will rmain aliv and you will ntr and occupy/captur th land that Yahwh, th God whom your ancstors worshipd, is giving to you. Mostly litral rndrings (with som occasional paraphrasing): Ancint Roots Translinar Frrar-Fnton Bibl Jubil Bibl 2000 Lxham English Bibl NIV UK Now Isral, har into th dcrs and into th vrdicts which I tach you to do, and thrfor you will liv. Com and possss th land which Yahwh, th God of your fathrs givs you. Consquntly, now, Isral, listn to th constitutions and dcrs which I will tach you to practis ; that you may liv, and go, and possss th country which th EVER-LIVING God of your fathrs will giv you. Now, thrfor, har, O Isral, th statuts and th rights which I tach you, for in doing thm y shall liv and go in and inhrit th land which th LORD God of your fathrs givs you. Introduction to th Stipulations "Now, Isral, listn to th ruls and to th rgulations that I am taching you to do, in ordr that you may liv and you may go in and you may tak possssion of th land that Yahwh, th God of your ancstors [Or "fathrs"], is giving to you. Obdinc commandd Now, Isral, har th dcrs and laws I am about to tach you. Follow thm so that you may liv and may go in and tak possssion of th land that th Lord, th God of your ancstors, is giving you. Catholic Bibls (thos having th imprimatur): Christian Community (1988) Th Law: tru wisdom

30 Dutronomy Chaptr Th Hritag Bibl Nw Amrican Bibl (2002) Nw Amrican Bibl (2011) Nw Jrusalm Bibl Nw RSV Rvisd English Bibl Jwish/Hbrw Nams Bibls: And now, Isral, listn to th norms and laws which I tach that you may put thm into practic. And you will liv and ntr and tak possssion of th land which Yah wh, th God of your fathrs, givs you. And now, Isral, attntivly har th nactmnts and th judgmnts which I tach [4:1 tach, lamad, to goad, th rod bing th incntiv. Lamad is usd oftn in Dutronomy; 4:5,10,14; 5:1,31, tc.] you to do, so that you may liv and go in and possss th land which Jhovah God of your fathrs givs you. "Now, Isral, har th statuts and dcrs which I am taching you to obsrv, that you may liv, and may ntr in and tak possssion of th land which th LORD, th God of your fathrs, is giving you. Advantags of Fidlity. Now thrfor, Isral, har th statuts and ordinancs I am taching you to obsrv, that you may liv, and may ntr in and tak possssion of th land which th LORD, th God of your ancstors, is giving you. Dt 4:45; 5:1, 31; 6:1, 17, 20; 11:32; 12:1; 26:16. 'And now, Isral, listn to th laws and customs which I am taching you today, so that, by obsrving thm, you may surviv to ntr and tak possssion of th country which Yahwh, God of your ancstors, is giving you. So now, Isral, giv hd to th statuts and ordinancs that I am taching you to obsrv, so that you may liv to ntr and occupy th land that th Lord, th God of your ancstors, is giving you. AND now, Isral, listn to th statuts and laws which I am about to tach you; oby thm, so that you may liv and go in to occupy th land which th LORD th God of your forfathrs is giving you. 31 Complt Jwish Bibl xgss companion Bibl JPS (Tanakh 1985) Kaplan Translation Orthodox Jwish Bibl Rstord Nams Vrsion "Now, Isra'l, listn to th laws and rulings I am taching you, in ordr to follow thm, so that you will liv; thn you will go in and tak possssion of th land that ADONAI, th God of your fathrs, is giving you. MOSHEH LAYS OUT THE TORAH And now harkn, O Yisra El, to th statuts and to th judgmnts I tach you - to work thm - to liv and go in and possss th land Yah Vh Elohim of your fathrs givs you:... Va-'thannan And now, O Isral, giv hd to th laws and ruls that I am instructing you to obsrv, so that you may liv to ntr and occupy th land that th Lord, th God of your fathrs, is giving you. Foundations of th Faith Now, Isral [This was said in th vally (Ibn Ezra). S Dutronomy 4:41. This marks th bginning of th commandmnts (Ramban)], listn to th ruls and laws that I am taching you to do, so that you will rmain aliv and com to occupy th land that God, Lord of your fathrs, is giving you. Now thrfor shma, Yisrol, unto th chukkim and unto th mishpatim, which I mlammd (tach) you, to do thm, in ordr that y may liv, and go in and possss ha'artz which Hashm Elohi Avotichm givth you. And now, O Yisra'l, har th statuts and th judgmnts that I tach you to obsrv that you may liv and go in and possss th land that Yahuwah, Eloah of your fathrs, is giving you. 31 Also calld th rvisd dition.

31 5355 Th Book of Dutronomy Th Scripturs 1998 And now, O Yisra l, listn to th laws and th right-rulings which I am taching you to do, so that you liv, and shall go in and possss th land which éäåä Elohim of your fathrs is giving you. Expandd/Embllishd Bibls: Th Expandd Bibl Th Gnva Bibl Krtzmann s Commntary NET Bibl Th Voic Moss Tlls Isral to Oby Now, Isral, listn to th laws [statuts; ordinancs; rquirmnts] and commands I will tach you. Oby thm so that you will liv and so that you will go ovr and tak [possss] th land th Lord, th God of your ancstors [fathrs], is giving to you. Now thrfor harkn, O Isral, unto th statuts and unto th judgmnts, which I tach you, for to do [thm] [For this doctrin stands not in bar knowldg, but in practic of lif. ], that y may liv, and go in and possss th land which th LORD God of your fathrs givth you. Moss Rminds th Popl of th Law-Giving. Now, thrfor, harkn, O Isral, unto th statuts and unto th judgmnts which I tach you, thy wr to hd carfully both th moral prcpts which fixd thir covnant rlation toward Jhovah and th spcial obligations which rstd upon thm with rgard to both God and mn, for to do thm, that y may liv, namly, in th njoymnt of a long and happy lif, and go in and possss th land which th Lord God of your fathrs givth you. Th Privilgs of th Covnant Now, Isral, pay attntion to th statuts and ordinancs I am about to tach you, so that you might liv and go on to ntr and tak possssion of th land that th Lord, th God of your ancstors [Hb "fathrs" (also in vv. 31, 37).], is giving you. Whn it coms to making an actual matrial chang to th txt, th NET Bibl is prtty good about indicating this. Sinc most of ths corrctions will b clar in th mor litral translations blow and within th Hbrw xgsis itslf, I will not continu to list vry NET Bibl footnot. Languag footnots will b placd in th Hbrw xgsis. Moss: So now, Isral, pay clos attntion to th laws and judgmnts I'm going to tach you. If you follow thm, you'll ntr and liv in th land th Etrnal, th God of your ancstors, is giving you. You'll conqur it, and it will bcom your trritory. Litral, almost word-for-word, rndrings: Concordant Litral Vrsion Contxt Group Vrsion English Standard Vrsion God s Truth (Tyndal) NASB Nw Europan Vrsion Now, Isral, harkn to th statuts and to th judgmnts that I am taching you today, to oby thm, that you may liv and may ntr and tnant th land that Yahwh Elohim of your fathrs is giving to you. And now, O Isral, listn to th statuts and to th ordinancs, which I tach you {pl}, to do thm; that you {pl} may liv, and go in and possss th land {or arth} which YHWH, th God of your {pl} fathrs, givs you {pl}. "And now, O Isral, listn to th statuts and th ruls that I am taching you, and do thm, that you may liv, and go in and tak possssion of th land that th LORD, th God of your fathrs, is giving you. And now harkn Isral unto th ordinancs and laws which I tach you, for to do thm, that you may liv and go and conqur th land which th Lord God of your fathrs givs you. Isral Urgd to Oby God's Law "Now, O Isral, listn to th statuts and th judgmnts which I am taching you to prform, so that you may liv and go in and tak possssion of th land which th Lord, th God of your fathrs, is giving you. Moss Commands th Popl to Oby God

32 Dutronomy Chaptr Nw King Jams Vrsion Updatd Bibl Vrsion 2.11 World English Bibl Young's Litral Translation Th gist of this vrs: Now Isral, listn to th statuts and to th ordinancs which I tach you. Do thm so that you may liv and go in and possss th land which Yahwh, th God of your fathrs givs you. Moss Commands Obdinc "Now, O Isral, listn to th statuts and th judgmnts which I tach you to obsrv, that you may liv, and go in and possss th land which th Lord God of your fathrs is giving you. And now, O Isral, listn to th statuts and to th ordinancs, which I tach you+, to do thm; that you+ may liv, and go in and possss th land which Yahwh, th God of your+ fathrs, givs you+. Th + indicats that you is plural. Now, Isral, listn to th statuts and to th ordinancs, which I tach you, to do thm; that you may liv, and go in and possss th land which Yahwh, th God of your fathrs, givs you. "And now, O Isral, listn to th statuts and th ruls that I am taching you, and do thm, that you may liv, and go in and tak possssion of th land that th LORD, th God of your fathrs, is giving you. Moss tlls th popl to listn to th statuts and ordinancs which h is taching thm, so that thy will liv abundantly if thy do thm. With that knowldg in thir souls, thy ar to go in and tak possssion of th land God has givn thm. Dutronomy 4:1a Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs w (or v ) (åà or åì) [pronouncd wh] and, vn, thn; namly; whn; sinc, that; though simpl wâw conjunction No Strong s # BDB #251 attâh (òçúìèä) [pronouncd ìaht-tawh] now, at this tim, alrady advrb of tim Strong s #6258 BDB #773 Whn followd by an imprativ or an intrrogativ, w + th advrb attâh man and so, thus, things bing so, thrfor, now thrfor, now thn. Somtims, th concpt of tim is lost whn this combination is usd to incit anothr. Yis râ êl (éäùòàøçàåì) [pronouncd yis-raw- ALE] God prvails; contndr; soldir of God; translitratd Isral masculin propr noun; God-givn nam to Jacob; and national nam for th Jwish popl Strong s #3478 & #3479 BDB #975 shâma (ùèîçò) [pronouncd shaw- MAHÌ] listn [intntly], har, listn and oby, [or, and act upon, giv hd to, tak not of], harkn to, b attntiv to, listn and b cognizant of nd 2 prson masculin singular, Qal imprativ Strong's #8085 BDB #1033 l (àæì) [pronouncd hl] unto; into, among, in; toward, to; against; concrning, rgarding; bsids, togthr with; as to dirctional prposition (rspct or dfrnc may b implid) Strong's #413 BDB #39 chuqqîym (çë ÌÄéí) [pronouncd khook- KEEM] dcrs, thos things which ar dcrd; statuts; boundaris, dfind limitations; appointd portions of labor, tasks masculin plural noun with th dfinit articl Strong's #2706 BDB #349

33 5357 Th Book of Dutronomy Dutronomy 4:1a Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs w (or v ) (åà or åì) [pronouncd wh] and, vn, thn; namly; whn; sinc, that; though simpl wâw conjunction No Strong s # BDB #251 l (àæì) [pronouncd hl] unto; into, among, in; toward, to; against; concrning, rgarding; bsids, togthr with; as to dirctional prposition (rspct or dfrnc may b implid) Strong's #413 BDB #39 mîsh pâþîym (îäùàôìèèäéí) [pronouncd mish -paw- TEEM] laws; judgmnts; appals; rsponsibilitis; privilgs; customs; justic; vrdicts rndrd by a judg, judicial dcisions, judicial sntncs masculin plural noun with th dfinit articl Strong's #4941 BDB #1048 Th NET Bibl: Ths tchnical Hbrw trms (çë ÌÄéí [khuqqim] and îäùàôìèèäéí [mishpatim]) occur rpatdly throughout th Book of Dutronomy to dscrib th covnant stipulations to which Isral had bn calld to subscrib (s, in this chaptr alon, vv. 1, 5, 6, 8). Th word çë ÌÄéí drivs from th vrb çé (khoq, to inscrib; to carv ) and îäùàôìèèäéí (mishpatim) from ùèôçè (shafat, to judg ). Thy ar virtually synonymous and ar usd 32 intrchangably in Dutronomy. Translation: Now thn, Isral, listn to th statuts and to th judicial dcrs... In th prvious chaptr, Moss has rmindd th Isralits of what God has just don for thm particularly rcntly. In this chaptr, Moss will look back on som vnts, but h will also prsnt doctrins which th Isralits must hold onto. Th Qal imprativ of shâma (ùèîçò) [pronouncd shaw-mahì] is th simpl word for listn and w find it usd in that way throughout Scriptur (Gn. 3:10 16:11 Psalm 6:8). Howvr, it is also usd in th sns of: to listn intntly, to listn and oby, to listn and giv hd to, to harkn to, to b attntiv to (Gn. 3:17 39:10 Ex. 3:18). It is by th contxt that w can dtrmin whthr it is th simpl act of listning or th act of listning attntivly to and obying. Unfortunatly, th vry bst singl word for th lattr maning is th archaic harkn. Strong's #8085 BDB #1033 Throughout this chaptr thr ar two ky words which w rad ovr and ovr again: listn and s (usually, thy ar prsntd with an vnt that ths popl hav hard and/or sn. Both of ths words occur in a varity of stms, howvr; and thrfor, in a varity of ways. This appars to b th laws on th books and th application of thos laws to individual cass. Statuts and Judicial Dcrs Translation/Sourc Statuts Judicial Dcrs Hbrw: BDB dfinitions: chuqqîym (çë ÌÄéí) [pronouncd khook-keem] dcrs, thos things which ar dcrd; statuts; boundaris, dfind limitations; appointd portions of labor, tasks mîsh pâþîym (îäùàôìèèäéí) [pronouncd mish -paw-teem] laws; judgmnts; appals; rsponsibilitis; privilgs; customs; justic; vrdicts rndrd by a judg, judicial dcisions, judicial sntncs 32 From (footnot); accssd April 5, 2015.

34 Dutronomy Chaptr Statuts and Judicial Dcrs Translation/Sourc Statuts Judicial Dcrs Th NET Bibl: Th Pulpit Commntary Th word çë ÌÄéí drivs from th vrb çé (khoq, to inscrib; to carv ). th things prscribd or nactd by law, whthr moral, ritual, or civil Th word îäùàôìèèäéí (mishpatim) from ùèôçè (shafat, to judg ). rights, whthr public or privat, all that ach could claim as his du, and all h was bound to rndr to God or to his fllow-mn as thir du 33 Th Pulpit Commntary Ths two comprhnd th whol Law as binding on Isral. 34 Trasury of Scriptural Knowldg 35 Thomas Constabl 36 Schultz 37 Entr th Bibl Statuts, vry thing that concrnd morals and th rits and crmonis of rligion "Statuts" (Dutronomy 4:1) wr th prmannt basic ruls of conduct Statuts wr laws that wr writtn down or inscribd on som suitabl mdium "Statut" (hoq) is tchnically somthing inscribd or chisld into ston. Statuts oftn stablish dath pnaltis and includ curss uttrd against th wickd judgmnts, all mattrs of civil right and wrong " j u d g m n t s " ( o r d i n a n c s, Dutronomy 4:1) wr dcisions God rvald in answr to spcific nds. Th judgmnts st prcdnt for futur action (.g., th cas of Zlophhad's daughtrs) Ordinancs wr th dcisions of a judg "Ordinanc" (mishpat, vv. 1, 8) is th dcision rndrd by a judg (shoft) in rgard to a disput. Such dcisions wr rmmbrd and vntually gathrd into a body of law that ffctivly st prcdnt for similar cass. Th Complt Jwish Bibl laws rulings Th Expandd Bibl Th Contxt Group Vrsion Nw Europan Vrsion Updatd Bibl Vrsion laws [statuts; ordinancs; rquirmnts] th statuts commands th ordinancs English Standard Vrsion th statuts th ruls 33 Th Pulpit Commntary; ; by Josph S. Exll, Hnry Donald Mauric Spnc-Jons, from -sword, Dut. 4: Trasury of Scriptural Knowldg; by Cann, Brown, Blayny, Scott, and othrs about 1880, with introduction by R. A. Torry; courtsy of E-sword, Dut. 4:1. 35 From accssd May 15, From accssd May 15, From ntrthbibl.org accssd May 15, 2015.

35 5359 Th Book of Dutronomy Statuts and Judicial Dcrs Translation/Sourc Statuts Judicial Dcrs NASB/NKJV th statuts th judgmnts 38 Th NET Bibl suggsts that ths ar quivalnt trms which can b usd intrchangably. This may b tru in som passags. Jamison, Fausst and Brown givs a nic summation: By statuts wr mant all ordinancs rspcting rligion and th rits of divin worship; and by judgmnts, all nactmnts rlativ to civil mattrs. Th two 39 mbracd th whol law of God. Matthw Pool has a similar position: Th statuts; th laws which concrn th worship and srvic of God. Th judgmnts; th laws concrning your dutis to mn. So ths two comprhnd both tabls, and th whol 40 law of God. Moss will spcifically nam status and judgmnts togthr in Dut. 4:1, 8 5:1 6:1 11:32 (thy ar namd togthr with othr similar words in othr passags Dut. 4:45 11:1). Chaptr Outlin Charts, Graphics and Short Doctrins Moss originally ld a group of adults (Gn X) and thir childrn (th gnration of promis) out of Egypt. Thy all saw grat signs and wondrs, both in Egypt and in th dsrt. Howvr, whn it cam to crossing ovr into th land that God gav thm, thy rfusd to go th spis thmslvs (10 of th 12) lobbid th popl that night to not ntr into th land dspit all thy had sn. So thr wr 3 mn who wr clarly rady to ntr into th land (Moss, Joshua and Calb), and th rst of Isral opposd this. God told thm what th Land of Promis would b lik, and all of th spis confirmd that. But, th nxt stp would hav bn to ntr into th land and to tak it, and 10 of th spis wr afraid and thy mad th popl afraid as wll. So God loathd that gnration and H killd thm in th dsrt. Psalm 95:10 "For forty yars I loathd that gnration, And said thy ar a popl who rr in thir hart, And thy do not know My ways. (NASB) So only thir childrn rmaind th gnration of promis. That is th audinc that Moss is spaking to. I tnd to diffrntiat th gnrations, which I bliv hlps in undrstanding th contxt. Howvr, Moss dos not gnrally diffrntiat btwn ths gnrations, spaking to this youngr gnration as if thy ar no diffrnt from thir parnts, who hav all did th sin unto dath in th dsrt. H calls thm hr, Isral (not childrn of Isral), which is thir national nam. Whn thy go into th Land of Promis and tak it, this will b th nam that othr nations know thm by. Moss has bn taching thm rcnt history, but soon, h is going to tach thm th laws that thy must liv by. H stablishs his authority to tach ths various laws basd upon thir rcnt history, and all that ths popl hav sn and hard. Originally, th popl hard th actual voic of God giv thm th Tn Commandmnts; and this frightnd thm gratly, and thy told Moss, Listn, you go up and you listn to God and thn you com back and tll us what H said. Whatvr God says, that w will do. (I am paraphrasing Dut. 5:23 27). 38 From (footnot); accssd April 5, Robrt Jamison, A. R. Fausst and David Brown; Commntary Critical and Explanatory on th Whol Bibl; 1871; from -sword, Dut. 4:1. 40 Matthw Pool, English Annotations on th Holy Bibl; h1685; from -Sword, Dut. 4:1.

36 Dutronomy Chaptr Dutronomy 4:1b Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs ãshr (àâéùæø) [pronouncd uh-sher] that, which, whn, who, whom; whr; in that, in which, in what rlativ pronoun; somtims th vrb to b is implid Strong's #834 BDB #81 ânôkîy (àèðéëäé) [pronouncd awn-oh- KEE] I, m; (somtims a vrb is implid) st 1 prson singular prsonal pronoun Strong s #595 BDB #59 lâmad (ìèîçã) [pronouncd law-mahd] training, making accustomd, taching Pil participl Strong s #3925 BDB #540 êth (àæç) [pronouncd ayth] you; untranslatd mark of a dirct objct; occasionally to you, toward you sign of th dirct objct nd affixd to a 2 prson masculin plural suffix Strong's #853 BDB #84 lâmd (ìà) [pronouncd l ] to, for, towards, in rgards to dirctional/rlational prposition No Strong s # BDB #510 âsâh (òèùéèä) [pronouncd ìaw-sawh] to do, to mak, to construct, to fashion, to form, to prpar, to manufactur; accomplish Qal infinitiv construct Strong's #6213 BDB #793 Translation:...that I am taching you [all] to do,... Ths ar th laws that Moss is taching th Isralits to do to larn and to follow, and to oby. J. Vrnon McG: Obdinc to God is th first law of lif, frinds. Man has a natural, innat hatrd of God. Man dosn't want to oby God; in fact, h is vry much opposd to God. All th way through th Word of God w find that thr is a rsistanc on th part of man against God. W find that in man 41 vn today. Essntially, Moss is providing a summary of what h has taught ths popl in th past. This is a nw gnration which has com up, and thir undrstanding of th Law might b rathr imprfct. Moss will combin what God has taught and what ths popl hav sn and hard. Aftr th phras I am taching you is th lâmd prposition followd by th Qal infinitiv construct of âsâh (òèùéèä) [pronouncd ìaw-sawh] which mans to do, to mak, to construct. Strong's #6213 BDB #793. Whr it is found hr, it acts just lik our infinitiv (I only mntion this bcaus Bullingr gos off on quit an unncssary tangnt about this phras unncssary, bcaus th corrct translation clars up th rndring of th Authorizd nd Vrsion). This is followd by th lâmd prfixd prposition again and our oftn usd 2 prson plural, Qal imprfct of châyâh (çèéèä) [pronouncd khaw-yaw], a vrb manings to liv. This word also mans to rmain, to xist, to surviv. Th lâmd prposition hr dnots purpos and intnt. Th diffrnc btwn listning intntly to God's Word and obying it and not is th diffrnc btwn lif and dath. This is th scrt of th Christian lif which sms to hav ludd th avrag blivr. "You will walk in all th way which Y howah your God has commandd you, that you may liv, and that it may b wll with you, and that you may prolong [your] days in th land which you will possss" (Dut. 5:33). "All th commandmnts that I am commanding you today, you will b carful to do, that you may liv and multiply and go in and possss th land which Y howah swor to your forfathrs" (Dut. 8:1). "I call havn and arth to witnss against you today, that I hav st bfor you lif and dath, th blssing and th curs. so choos lif in ordr that you may liv, you and your dscndants." (Dut. 30:19). And h said to thm, "Tak to your hart all th words with which I am warning you today, which 41 From (chaptr 4) accssd May 14, 2015.

37 5361 Th Book of Dutronomy you will command your sons to obsrv carfully all th words of this law; for it [th Word of God] is not an idl word for you; indd, it is your lif. And by this word, you will prolong your days in th land, which you ar about to cross th Jordan to possss." (Dut. 32:46 47). "Now far Y howah and srv Him in sincrity and truth; and put away th gods which your fathrs srvd byond th Rivr and in Egypt and srv Y howah. And if it is disagrabl in your sight to srv Y howah, choos for yourslvs today whom you will srv; whthr th gods which your fathrs srvd which wr byond th Rivr, or th gods of th Amorits in whos land you ar living; but, as for m and my hous, w will srv Y howah." (Joshua 24:14 15). "And I gav thm My statuts and informd thm of My ordinancs, by which, if man obsrvs thm, h will liv." (Ezk. 20:11). Do all things without grumbling or disputing, that you may prov yourslvs to b blamlss and innocnt, childrn of god abov rproach in th midst of a crookd and prvrs gnration, among whom you appar as lights in th world, holding fast th word of lif, so that in th day of Christ, I may hav caus to glory bcaus I did not run in vain nor toil in vain (Phil. 2:16). S also Dut. 4:26, 40 16:20 30:16 1John 1:1 In fact, Dut. 4 might b considrd th guidon or th point for th ntir book of Dutronomy. Th ky to this book is listn [and oby] Y howah, your God, O Isral. As notd in th passags quotd, this is th ky of th book of Dutronomy. This continual njoindr by Moss for Isral to listn to God's Word and to oby God's Word translats into th sam mssag for th Christian today. W ar not told to hid ourslvs off to som camp, nor ar w to tarry for th Spirit, nor ar w to witnss to tn popl a day w ar to listn to and oby God's Word. Our primary advantag which w hav ovr th popl of Isral is that w hav th assistanc of God th Holy Spirit. In fact, God spnt approximatly 1500 yars showing us in His Word that vn with God's Word, on must b guidd by th Holy Spirit our imbddd old sin natur is too grat an obstacl for any on of us. Without th filling of th Holy Spirit, God's Word, at bst, condmns us. If w ar not mpowrd by th Holy Spirit, w can do nothing; and if w hav not God's Word, w ar dirctionlss. If th prsidnt of a larg corporation is lying in a coma, this is analogous to our srvic without th Holy Spirit. Thr is no tru contact with lif; his control of th company is maninglss bcaus h can mak no dcisions which prtain dirctly to th corporation. Without th Holy Spirit, w ar compltly sparatd from th lif of God and hav zro impact in this world and in God's plan. Without God's Word in our souls without Bibl doctrin w ar lik a yar old child who has inhritd a hug corporation. W hav volition, w hav lif, w hav control ovr this corporation howvr, w hav no dirction whatsovr, othr than our prsonal nds. Th Ag of Isral has shown us that God's Word is not nough; and th livs of th vast majority of Christians rval that th filling of th Holy Spirit apart from God's dirction, found in God's Word, givs us minimal impact in this lif. Dutronomy 4:1c Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs l ma an (ìàîçòçï) [pronouncd l -MAH- ìahn] for th sak of, on account of, to th intnt of, to th intnt that, to th purpos that, in ordr that, in viw of, to th nd that; so that compound prposition and substantiv which acts lik a prposition Strong s #4616 BDB #775 This is th substantiv ma an (îçòçï) [pronouncd MAH-ìahn], which mans purpos, intnt, combind with th lâmd prposition (which is th only way that it is found in Scriptur). From th NET Bibl footnot for Psalm 51:4: Th Hbrw trm l ma an (ìàîçòçï) [pronouncd l -MAH-ìahn] normally indicats purpos ("in ordr that"), but hr it introducs a logical consqunc of th prcding statmnt. (Taking th claus as indicating purpos hr would yild a thologically prpostrous ida - th psalmist purposly sinnd so that God's justic might b vindicatd!) For othr xampls of l ma an (ìàîçòçï) [pronouncd l -MAH-ìahn] indicating rsult, s 2 Kings 22:17 Jr 27:15 Amos 2:7.

38 Dutronomy Chaptr Dutronomy 4:1c Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs châyâh (çèéèä) [pronouncd khaw-yaw] to liv, to hav lif, to rviv, to rcovr halth, to b hald, to b rfrshd nd 2 prson masculin plural, Qal imprfct Strong's #2421 & #2425 BDB #310 It mans, to liv, to hav lif; to continu saf and sound (Joshua 6:17 Num. 14:38); to liv again, to rviv (I King 17:22 Ezk. 37:5); to rcovr halth, to b hald (Gn. 20:7 Joshua 5:8); to b rfrshd whn on is wary or sad (Gn. 45:27 Judgs 15:19). Translation:...so that you will liv [abundantly]... All of th popl that Moss is spaking to ar aliv. But, thir fathrs and mothrs all did th sin unto dath. Thy ndd to listn to what Moss was tlling thm, that thy would continu living and that thir livs would b abundant. Ptr Ptt: by following Yahwh's statuts and ordinanc thy would `liv', in contrast with thos who had not listnd and had did in th wildrnss and at Baal-por, and thy would not only liv, but 42 would liv livs of fullnss. Th mphasis is on quality of lif. Blivrs fac all kinds of circumstancs. God dos not hav a standard 10 things from this lif which H givs all of us (marriag, a nic car, a nic hous, tc.). W all hav a st of spiritual blssings which w all rciv, and it is th portfolio of invisibl assts which maks our livs abundant, rgardlss of th circumstancs. Som fac grat prscution in Middl Eastrn countris, which must com to pass, so that w ar abl to rcogniz just how vil and vil Islam is. Quit obviously, popl in this catgory do not rciv a standard st of arthly blssings (lik a hom, car, air conditioning, marriag, and childrn). In th Unitd Stats, w hav bn givn a grat many matrial and arthly blssings things which ar far and away gratr than what most blivrs njoy throughout th world. Howvr, our happinss our abundant lif, if you will is tid to th doctrin in our souls, not to th stuff that w own. Som blivrs will b movd to bring th gospl and Bibl doctrin to placs throughout th world, and such is a grat calling, to b supportd and rspctd by blivrs hr at hom. Dutronomy 4:1d Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs w (or v ) (åà or åì) [pronouncd wh] and, vn, thn; namly; whn; sinc, that; though; as wll as simpl wâw conjunction No Strong s # BDB #251 bôw (áìåéà) [pronouncd boh] to com in, to com, to go in, to go, to ntr, to advanc; to attain nd 2 prson masculin plural, Qal prfct Strong s #935 BDB #97 w (or v ) (åà or åì) [pronouncd wh] and, vn, thn; namly; whn; sinc, that; though; as wll as simpl wâw conjunction No Strong s # BDB # From accssd May 12, 2015.

39 5363 Th Book of Dutronomy Dutronomy 4:1d Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs yârash ( éèøç) [pronouncd yaw-rash] to possss, to tak possssion of, to occupy a gographical ara [by driving out th prvious occupants], to tak possssion of anyon [or thir goods]; to inhrit, to possss; to xpl, to driv out nd 2 prson masculin plural, Qal imprfct Strong s #3423 BDB #439 êth (àæç) [pronouncd ayth] untranslatd gnrally; occasionally to, toward indicats that th following substantiv is a dirct objct Strong's #853 BDB #84 rts (àæøæõ) [pronouncd EH-rts] arth (all or a portion throf), land, trritory, country, continnt; ground, soil; undr th ground [Shol] fminin singular noun with th dfinit articl Strong's #776 BDB #75 Translation:...and go in and tak possssion of th land... Th Isralits wr givn a vry arthly sort of kingdom. God gav thm a spcific pic of land which thy wr to go into, tak, and thn njoy. What thy ndd to do was to go into th land and tak it. Thy hav bn in th dsrt for narly 40 yars bcaus thir parnts would not do this. What kpt th prvious gnration out of th land? Thy did not listn to and oby th Word of God. What kpt Moss out of th land? H did not oby th Word of God. Although th land is ral and, at that tim, was a land of bauty and prosprity, this is also a mtaphor for our livs. All w hav to do is to listn to and oby th Word of God and God will bring us into that promisd land into a plac of grat blssing and prosprity. All w hav to do is to listn to Him and w will rciv blssing and prosprity byond what w can imagin. In my own lif, in th aras whr I hav bn faithful to His Word, I hav bn blssd gratly; and, in th aras whr I hav disobyd His commands, it is thr I hav lackd. Dutronomy 4:1 Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs ãshr (àâéùæø) [pronouncd uh-sher] that, which, whn, who, whom; whr; in that, in which, in what rlativ pronoun; somtims th vrb to b is implid Strong's #834 BDB #81 YHWH (éäåä) [pronunciation is possibly yhoh-wah] translitratd variously as Jhovah, Yahwh, Y howah propr noun Strong s #3068 BDB #217 Ìlôhîym (àìéääéí) [pronouncd l-o-heem] God; gods, forign gods, god; rulrs, judgs; suprhuman ons, angls; translitratd Elohim masculin plural construct Strong's #430 BDB #43

40 Dutronomy Chaptr Dutronomy 4:1 Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs âb (àèá) [pronouncd b aw v] fathr, both as th had of a houshold, clan or trib; foundr, civil ladr, military ladr masculin plural noun nd with th 2 prson masculin plural suffix Strong s #1 BDB #3 nâthan (ðèúçï) [pronouncd naw-thahn] is giving, granting, is placing, putting, stting; is making Qal activ participl Strong's #5414 BDB #678 lâmd (ìà) [pronouncd l ] to, for, towards, in rgards to dirctional/rlational prposition with th 2 nd prson masculin plural suffix No Strong s # BDB #510 Translation:...which Y howah, th Elohim of your fathrs, has givn you. God had givn thm this land. It was thr bfor thm, for th taking, just as it was for thir fathrs 38 yars prviously. Moss, in th book of Dutronomy, is prparing thm to ntr into th land. H is giving thm th spiritual assts ncssary in ordr to do what God is rquiring of thm. I lik quoting from J. Vrnon McG, bcaus h addrsss Scriptural doctrins simply and to th point. If Isral had kpt th Law, what a blssing it would hav bn. But w find hr a dmonstration in history of a popl who wr giv th Law undr favorabl circumstancs but who could not kp it. No flsh will b justifid bfor God by th Law. Why not? Is it bcaus God is 43 arbitrary? No, it is bcaus th flsh is radically wrong. That is th problm. Obdinc to God s Law did not provid salvation, but it would provid a prosprous nation with a happy popl. It is this law of God which st th popl of God apart from th othr popls of this ara. Th Jws listning to Moss wr to go into th land and tak it, and thn to liv according to th laws which Moss has st forth (which laws h rcivd dirctly from God). Thy know that thy can trust God, bcaus (1) H took car of thm in th dsrt wildrnss and (2) H dfatd thir nmis ast of th Jordan. 44 Thrfor, if thy can trust God s provisions in tim, thy should b abl to trust His Law to guid thm. Similarly, if you ar a prson who has bn a blivr for 5 10 yars (or mor), and you hav bn taking in Bibl doctrin, thn you will undrstand from this that you can trust God. Thr will b nough vidnc in your own lif to rviw to giv you confidnc in th God of th Bibl. You [all] will not add upon th word which I am commanding you and you will not diminish from him, to kp commandmnts of Y howah your Elohim which I am commanding you. Dutronomy 4:2 You [all] will not add to th word which I command you and you will not tak from it, [that you may] kp th commandmnts of Y howah your Elohim, which [word] I command you. You ar not to add to or tak from th doctrins which I command you to do. You will kp th commandmnts of Jhovah your God; you will kp th commandmnts that I tach to you. Hr is how othrs hav translatd this vrs: J. Vrnon McG, Dutronomy, p. 27. I am making similar points to Dr. John Gill, John Gill s Exposition of th Entir Bibl; from -Sword, Dut. 4:1.

41 5365 Th Book of Dutronomy Ancint txts: Masortic Txt (Hbrw) Targum of Onklos Latin Vulgat Pshitta (Syriac) Sptuagint (Grk) Significant diffrncs: You [all] will not add upon th word which I am commanding you and you will not diminish from him, to kp commandmnts of Y howah your Elohim which I am commanding you. You [all] shall not add to th words that I tach you nor diminish thm, but kp th commandmnts of th Lord your God which I command you. You shall not add to th word that I spak to you, nithr shall you tak away from it: kp th commandmnts of th Lord your God which I command you. You shall not add to th commandmnt which I command you, nithr shall you tak from it, but you must kp th commandmnts of th LORD your God which I command you. You shall not add to th word which I command you, and you shall not tak from it: kp th commandmnts of th Lord our God, all that I command you this day. Th targum uss a plural noun to rfr back to a plural words. Limitd Vocabulary Translations: Bibl in Basic English Easy English Easy-to-Rad Vrsion Th Mssag Nams of God Bibl Nw Simplifid Bibl Mak no addition to th ordrs which I giv you, and tak nothing from thm, but kp th ordrs of th Lord your God which I giv you. Do not put anything nw into ths ruls and do not rmov anything from thm. But oby th ruls of th LORD your God that I am giving to you. You must not add to th things that I command you. And you must not tak anything away. You must oby th commands of th Lord your God that I hav givn you. Don't add a word to what I command you, and don't rmov a word from it. Kp th commands of God, your God, that I am commanding you. Nvr add anything to what I command you, or tak anything away from it. Thn you will b abl to oby th commands of Yahwh your Elohim that I giv you.»h is your God. I am tlling you vrything h has commandd. So do not add anything or tak anything away. Thought-for-thought translations; paraphrass: Th Living Bibl Nw Brkly Vrsion Nw Cntury Vrsion Nw Lif Vrsion Do not add othr laws or subtract from ths; just oby thm, for thy ar from th LORD your God. You ar nithr to add to th word that I command you, nor to tak from it; ths commands which I njoin upon you ar of th LORD your God; you must oby thm. Th importanc of th Law is strssd vrywhr in this Book. If Isral fails to kp it, all is lost. Kping th Law is countd on to clar th land of all fals worship. Don't add to ths commands, and don't lav anything out, but oby th commands of th LORD your God that I giv you. Do not add to th Word that I tll you, and do not tak away from it. Kp th Laws of th Lord your God which I tll you. Partially litral and partially paraphrasd translations: Amrican English Bibl Don't add anything to or tak anything away from ths Commandmnts that I'm giving you today. just oby th Commandmnts of Jhovah our God and do vrything that I'm commanding you! Bck s Amrican Translation Don t add anything to what I ordr you to do or tak anything away from it, but kp th commandmnts of th LORD your God that I ordr you to kp.

42 Dutronomy Chaptr Intrnational Standard V Nw Advnt (Knox) Bibl Translation for Translators Do not add or subtract a thing to what I'm commanding you. Obsrv th commands of th LORD your God [Lit. God that I'm commanding you]. Thr must b no adding to this mssag of min, no rtrnching it; th commands I lay upon you ar th commands of th Lord your God; kp thm wll. Do not add anything to what I command you, and do not tak anything away from what I tll you. Oby all th commands of Yahwh our God that I am giving to you. Mostly litral rndrings (with som occasional paraphrasing): Ancint Roots Translinar Frrar-Fnton Bibl Jubil Bibl 2000 Lxham English Bibl Nvr add to th word which I commandd you, and nvr diminish it. Kp th commandmnts of th Lord your God which I commandd you. You shall not add to th mattr that I command you, nor shall you dtract from it, but kp th commands of your EVER-LIVING GOD, as I hav commandd you. Y shall not add unto th word which I command you, nithr shall y diminish anything from it, that y may kp th commandmnts of th LORD your God which I command you. You must not add to th word that I am commanding you, and you shall not tak away from it in ordr to kp [Or "obsrv"] th commands of Yahwh your God that I am commanding you to obsrv. Catholic Bibls (thos having th imprimatur): Th Hritag Bibl Nw Amrican Bibl (2011) Nw Jrusalm Bibl Nw RSV Rvisd English Bibl You shall not add to th word which I command you, and you shall not scrap off from it, that you may hdg about th commandmnts of Jhovah, your God, which I command you. In your obsrvanc of th commandmnts of th LORD, your God [Dt 13:1.], which I am commanding you, you shall not add to what I command you nor subtract from it. You must add nothing to what I command you, and tak nothing from it, but kp th commandmnts of Yahwh your God just as I lay thm down for you. You must nithr add anything to what I command you nor tak away anything from it, but kp th commandmnts of th Lord your God with which I am charging you. You must not add anything to th charg I dcr or tak anything away from it; you must carry out th commandmnts of th LORD your God which I lay upon you. Jwish/Hbrw Nams Bibls: Complt Jwish Bibl xgss companion Bibl JPS (Tanakh 1985) Kaplan Translation Orthodox Jwish Bibl Th Scripturs 1998 In ordr to oby th mitzvot of ADONAI your God which I am giving you, do not add to what I am saying, and do not subtract from it....nithr add to th word I misvah you, nor diminish from it - to guard th misvoth of Yah Vh your Elohim that I misvah you. You shall not add anything to what I command you or tak anything away from it, but kp th commandmnts of th Lord your God that I njoin upon you. Do not add to th word that I am commanding you, and do not subtract from it. You must kp all th commandmnts of God your Lord, which I am instructing you. Y shall not add unto th word which I command you, nithr shall y tak anything from it, that y may b shomr mitzvot of th commandmnts of Hashm Elohichm which I command you. Do not add to th Word which I command you, and do not tak away from it, so as to guard th commands of éäåä your Elohim which I am commanding you. S also 12:32, Prov. 30:6, Rv. 22:18-19.

43 5367 Th Book of Dutronomy Expandd/Embllishd Bibls: Th Expandd Bibl Th Gnva Bibl Krtzmann s Commntary NET Bibl Th Voic L Don't add to ths commands [ th word], and don't lav anything out, but oby th commands of th Lord your God that I giv [command] you. Y shall [Think not to b mor wis than I am. ] not add unto th word which I command you, nithr shall y diminish [God will not b srvd by halvs, but will hav full obdinc. ] [ought] from it, that y may kp th commandmnts of th LORD your God which I command you. Y shall not add unto th Word which I command you, nithr shall y diminish aught from it, for in ithr cas th forc of th commandmnt would b waknd and th Word of God changd into th prcpts of mn, that y may kp th commandmnts of th Lord, your God, which I command you. This dos not mrly man kping th wording intact and handing it down unchangd to postrity, but obsrving and doing what thy njoind. Cf Matt. 5:7. Do not add a thing to what I command you nor subtract from it, so that you may kp th commandmnts of th Lord your God that I am dlivring to [Hb "commanding."] you. Don't add anything to what I command you, and don't tak away anything from it; just follow th commands of th Etrnal your God that I'm giving you now. Litral, almost word-for-word, rndrings: Concordant Litral Vrsion Contxt Group Vrsion Grn s Litral Translation God s Truth (Tyndal) Updatd Bibl Vrsion 2.11 World English Bibl Young s Updatd LT Th gist of this vrs: You shall nithr add to th word that I am njoining on you, nor shall you subtract from it, but obsrv th instructions of Yahwh your Elohim that I am njoining on you. You {pl} shall not add to th word which I command you {pl}, nithr shall you {pl} diminish from it, that you {pl} may kp th commandmnts of YHWH your {pl} God which I command you {pl}. You shall not add to th Word which I command you, nor tak from it, to kp th commandmnts of Jhovah your God which I command you. You shall put nothing unto th word which I command you nithr do anything thrfrom, that you may kp th commandmnts of th Lord your God which I command you. You+ will not add to th word which I command you+, nithr will you+ diminish from it, that you+ may kp th commandmnts of Yahwh your+ God which I command you+. You shall not add to th word which I command you, nithr shall you diminish from it, that you may kp th commandmnts of Yahwh your God which I command you. You [all] will not add to th word which I am commanding you, nor diminish from it, to kp th commands of Jhovah your God which I am commanding you. Moss was going to tach thm xactly what thy ndd to know. Thy wr not to add to that nor wr thy to tak from it. Dutronomy 4:2a Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs lô (ìéà or ìåéà) [pronouncd low] not, no ngats th word or action that follows; th absolut ngation Strong s #3808 BDB #518

44 Dutronomy Chaptr Dutronomy 4:2a Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs yâçaph (éèñçó) [pronouncd yaw- SAHPH] to add, to augmnt, to incras, to multiply; to add to do = to do again; to continu to nd 2 prson masculin plural, Hiphil imprfct Strong's #3254 BDB #414 al (òçì) [pronouncd ìahl] upon, byond, on, against, abov, ovr; on th ground of, bcaus of, according to, on account of, on bhalf of, with, by, bsids, in addition to, to, toward, togthr with, in th mattr of, concrning, as rgards to prposition of rlativ proximity Strong s #5921 BDB #752 dâbâr (ãìèáèø) [pronouncd b daw -VAWR] word, saying, doctrin, thing, mattr, command; businss, occupation; cas; somthing; mannr masculin singular noun with th dfinit articl Strong's #1697 BDB #182 ãshr (àâéùæø) [pronouncd uh-sher] that, which, whn, who, whom; whr; in that, in which, in what rlativ pronoun; somtims th vrb to b is implid Strong's #834 BDB #81 ânôkîy (àèðéëäé) [pronouncd awn-oh- KEE] I, m; (somtims a vrb is implid) st 1 prson singular prsonal pronoun Strong s #595 BDB #59 tsâvâh (öèåèä) [pronouncd tsaw-vaw] commanding, commissioning, mandating, appointing; ordaining; laying charg upon, giving charg to, charging, ordring; instructing [as in, giving an ordr] Pil participl Strong's #6680 BDB #845 êth (àæç) [pronouncd ayth] you; untranslatd mark of a dirct objct; occasionally to you, toward you sign of th dirct objct nd affixd to a 2 prson masculin plural suffix Strong's #853 BDB #84 Translation: You [all] will not add to th word which I command you... Moss, in th Law, both gav th popl xactly th words which God said to him; and, in th book of Dutronomy, his own words, coming from a soul filld with Bibl doctrin; and th popl wr not to add to ths words. Thy wr not to writ additional laws which hlpd to xplain how to kp th givn laws. Thy wr not to writ in xcptions or modifications to th xisting Law. Jamison, Fausst and Brown: [You will not add to th word which I command you] by th introduction 45 of any hathn suprstition or forms of worship diffrnt from thos which I hav appointd. This was not lik th Unitd Stats Constitution, which allows for amndmnts. 45 Robrt Jamison, A. R. Fausst and David Brown; Commntary Critical and Explanatory on th Whol Bibl; 1871; from -sword, Dut. 4:2.

45 5369 Th Book of Dutronomy Th Rabbinical traditions did xactly th opposit of this. Thy addd laws and burdns and a whol host of things which wnt far, far byond th scop of th Law. Dutronomy 4:2b Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs w (or v ) (åà or åì) [pronouncd wh] and, vn, thn; namly; whn; sinc, that; though; as wll as simpl wâw conjunction No Strong s # BDB #251 lô (ìéà or ìåéà) [pronouncd low] not, no ngats th word or action that follows; th absolut ngation Strong s #3808 BDB #518 gâra (âìèøçò) [pronouncd gaw-rahì] to diminish, to rstrain, to withdraw nd 2 prson masculin plural, Qal imprfct Strong s #1639 BDB #175 It actually mans to shav off [a bard], and thrfor to cut off, to tak away, to dtract, to withhold. Whn followd by th prposition l (ì à), it mans to tak in, to lay up, to put in stor for onslf. In Job 15:8, th NASB rndrs this vrb to limit. min (îäï) [pronouncd min] from, off, out from, of, out of, away from, on account of, sinc, than, mor than prposition of sparation rd with th 3 prson masculin singular suffix Strong's #4480 BDB #577 Translation:...and you will not tak from it,... Th Isralits wr not to look at th Law of Moss and rmov this or that law which did not suit thm; or to tak out somthing which was old fashiond. Th Pulpit Commntary: Skpticism violats God s Law by subtracting from it; suprstition, by adding 46 to it. Jamison, Fausst and Brown: [you will not tak from it] by th nglct or omission of any of th obsrvancs, howvr trivial or irksom, which I hav prscribd. Th charactr and provisions of th 47 ancint dispnsation wr adaptd with divin wisdom to th instruction of that infant stat of [Isral]. Ptr Ptt: This principl of not mddling with sacrd txts was a common on among th ancints. Similar guidanc was givn to scribs in ancint Egypt. It was also includd in traty covnants. An 48 ovrlord's subjcts wr not prmittd to altr his rquirmnts. Clark: Nithr mak nw laws of thir own, and join thm to th law of God, and st thm upon a lvl with it, or prfr thm bfor it; as th Scribs and Phariss did in Christ's tim, who by thir traditions mad th word of God of non ffct, as do th Papists also by thir unwrittn traditions; 49 nor abrogat nor dtract from th law of God, nor mak void any part of it. Matthw Hnry (although I do not know who h is quoting): You shall not add by committing th vil which th law forbids, nor diminish by omitting th good which th law rquirs....so othrs: You shall not add your own invntions, as if th divin institutions wr dfctiv, nor introduc, much lss 46 Th Pulpit Commntary; ; by Josph S. Exll, Hnry Donald Mauric Spnc-Jons, from -sword, Dut. 4: Robrt Jamison, A. R. Fausst and David Brown; Commntary Critical and Explanatory on th Whol Bibl; 1871; from -sword, Dut. 4:2. Thy actually writ th infant stat of th church; but that is simply fals. 48 From accssd May 12, Adam Clark, Commntary on th Bibl; from -Sword, Dut. 4:2.

46 Dutronomy Chaptr impos, any rits of rligious worship othr than what God has appointd; nor shall you diminish, or st asid, any thing that is appointd, as ndlss or suprfluous. 50 Kil and Dlitzsch: Th obsrvanc of th law, howvr, rquird that it should b kpt as it was givn, that nothing should b addd to it or takn from it, but that mn should submit to it as to th inviolabl word of God. Not by omissions only, but by additions also, was th commandmnt waknd, and th word of God turnd into ordinancs of mn, as Pharisaism sufficintly provd. This prcpt is rpatd in Dut. 13:1; it is thn rvivd by th prophts (Jr. 26:2; Prov. 30:6), and nforcd again at th clos of th whol rvlation (Rv. 22:18 19). In th sam sns Christ also said that H had not com to dstroy th law or th prophts, but to fulfil (Matt. 5:17); and th old covnant was not abrogatd, but only glorifid and prfctd, by th nw. 51 So far, Dut. 4:2 You [all] will not add to th word which I command you and you will not tak from it,... Th Bibl is Whol and Complt Do not add to it or tak from it 1. At this point in tim, God s Word consistd of th Pntatuch (th first 5 books of th Bibl) and th book of Job (which dos not appar to b rfrncd anywhr in th Pntatuch). 2. To that point in tim, vrything that was ncssary for man to know was in writing. Th book of Job rvals to us that lif is mor complx than do good and God will blss you; or, bliv in th Rvald God and H will blss you. That book adds a whol layr of complxity to our xistnc, and this, takn with th srpnt of Gn. 3, provids that ra with som notion of th Anglic Conflict. 3. With ths fw books, w hav th cration of th arth, th rstoration of arth, and th nw population of th arth. Thn w hav th history of th patriarchs (rcordd by th patriarchs thmslvs), and a history of how God took th popl of Isral out of Egypt with grat signs and wondrs somthing which had nvr bn don bfor. Thn God gav th popl of Isral a land and H gav thm laws by which to run thir nw nation and by which thy would intrrlat with Him. 4. Inhrnt in all of this is th concpt of divin inspiration. That is, not all that is found in Exodus Numbrs ar words dirctly said by God. And all of Dutronomy is Moss spaking; and all of Gnsis is th rcording of history of prhaps 7 or 8 popl. Yt God (through Moss) says not to add or subtract from ths words. Intrstingly nough, Moss, whn saying this, knows that ths ar his words, but implis that thy ar God s words. 5. Moss rpats this in Dut. 12:32 "Evrything that I command you, you shall b carful to do. You shall not add to it or tak from it. (ESV) 6. But what about Joshua? Joshua is likly th on who addd th narrativ of Moss dath at th nd of Dutronomy; and Joshua wrot th book of Joshua; is this not adding to th Law? Joshua did not add nw laws to th Mosaic Law. Joshua did not go back and corrct anything that Moss had writtn, and put th old Joshua spin on it. In fact, if I wr to guss, Joshua may not hav ralizd that h was writing Scriptur; just that h was providing Isral with som important history. Throughout th history of th nation Isral, no on addd to th Law of Moss; no on changd th Law of Moss within th confins of Scriptur. Scriptur continud to b writtn; although it is my contntion that many of thos who wrot it did not raliz that thy wr writing Scriptur. That thy wrot Scriptur was rcognizd in a much mor organic procss lik that which occurrd in th Nw Tstamnt. So, this is a tricky thing to undrstand th Talmud and th Mishna wr commntaris of th Bibl, but thy wr nvr accptd as having divin authority for th most part (although thos writings hav bn accptd by many Jws as bing authoritativ but not divinly inspird). 7. Prov. 30:5 6 provids a similar sntimnt: Evry word of God provs tru; H is a shild to thos who tak rfug in Him. Do not add to His words, lst H rbuk you and you b found a liar. (ESV; capitalizd) 8. Jsus xplaind that His purpos was to fulfill th Law; not to abolish it. Matt. 5:17 18 "Do not think that I hav com to abolish th Law or th Prophts [= Old Tstamnt]; I hav not com to abolish thm but Matthw Hnry, Commntary on th Whol Bibl; from -Sword, Dut. 4:1 40. Kil and Dlitzsch, Commntary on th Old Tstamnt; from -Sword; Dut. 4:2.

47 5371 Th Book of Dutronomy Th Bibl is Whol and Complt Do not add to it or tak from it to fulfill thm. For truly, I say to you, until havn and arth pass away, not an iota, not a dot, will pass from th Law until all is accomplishd. (ESV) Jsus fulfilld th Law in at last thr ways: 1) Thr wr prophcis about Him; and H fulfilld all of ths prophcis. 2) Thr wr many typs which lookd forward to Jsus Christ; Jsus was th antityp to all of ths. For instanc, Isaac, in his birth and his bing offrd up by his fathr Abraham, was a typ of Christ. Jsus, in His birth and plac on th cross, fulfilld ths typs. 3) Th Law had crtain rquirmnts for vry Isralit; and Jsus fulfilld all of ths rquirmnts. 9. You may ask, didn t Jsus corrct som of th lgalism of th Mosaic Law? For instanc, Matt. 5:43 45a You hav hard that it was said, "You shall lov your nighbor" and hat your nmy; but I say to you, Lov your nmis; blss thos cursing you, do wll to thos hating you; and pray for thos abusing and prscuting you, so that you may bcom sons of your Fathr in Havn. (Grn s litral translation; Lv. 19:18) Jsus did not mak any corrctions to th Law of Moss; H mad corrctions to th additions to th Law of Moss. H mad corrctions to th distortd tachings of th phariss. In v. 43, what is in purpl is th actual quotation from God. What coms aftr and hat your nmy was addd, as if this wr God s intnt. It was not God s intnt for us to hat our nmis not in th Old or Nw Tstamnt. 10. Jsus corrctd th faulty taching of th phariss on many occasions. Matt. 15:2 6 "Why do your discipls brak th tradition of th ldrs? For thy do not wash thir hands whn thy at." H answrd thm, "And why do you brak th commandmnt of God for th sak of your tradition? For God commandd, 'Honor your fathr and your mothr,' and, 'Whovr rvils fathr or mothr must surly di.' But you say, 'If anyon tlls his fathr or his mothr, "What you would hav gaind from M is givn to God," h nd not honor his fathr.' So for th sak of your tradition you hav mad void th word of God. (ESV; capitalizd; Ex. 20:12 21:17) Thr was th lgalistic corban gimmick. If a son was succssful, somtims h did not want to giv his mony to his parnts. So h would say, This mony is ddicatd to God; maning th phariss would tak all or a part of his mony whn h did. Bcaus it was God s mony, h no longr had to us it to support his own parnts. So th traditions of th phariss mad null and void th commandmnts of God. Jsus dalt with this particular abus a scond tim in Matt. 7: Th Galatians, known for thir lgalism, blivd in Jsus Christ, but bgan to incorporat th Law of Moss into thir systm of blifs. Paul wrot to thm: Gal. 3:13 15 Christ rdmd us from th curs of th law by bcoming a curs for us for it is writtn, "Cursd is vryon who is hangd on a tr" so so that in Christ Jsus th blssing of Abraham might com to th Gntils, so that w might rciv th promisd Spirit through faith. To giv a human xampl, brothrs: vn with a man-mad covnant, no on annuls it or adds to it onc it has bn ratifid. (ESV; Dut. 21:23) This is a vry tricky lin to walk. God has not thrown out th Old Tstamnt; but th Law of Moss curss us it tlls us that w ar sinnrs. Jsus Christ rdmd us from th curs of th Law. 12. Th Bibl is finally closd out with ths words: Rv 22:18 19 For I tstify togthr with vryon haring th Words of th prophcy of this Book, if anyon adds to ths things, God will add upon him th plagus having bn writtn in this Book. And if anyon taks away from th Words of th Book of this prophcy, God will tak away his part from th Book of Lif, and out of th holy city, and of th things having bn writtn in this Book. And two mor vrss closs out th book of Rvlation, which is th final book of th Bibl. Obviously, a pastor-tachr or a commntator or an vanglist is going to say things which ar not dirctly takn from th Bibl. Th intnt ought to b to bst xplain th Scripturs (or th gospl). Th intnt should b accuracy as wll as making th mssag of Scriptur rlvant. Chaptr Outlin Charts, Graphics and Short Doctrins Th Wlls of Living Watr Commntary: God mans vrything that H says, and w must not pnknif anything which H has writtn. This was don by on of th Old Tstamnt kings to his sorrow. W want no "shortr Bibl." W want a whol Bibl; not th Bibl plus, nor th Bibl lss. "All

48 Dutronomy Chaptr scriptur is givn by inspiration of God," and no words of any man may by any mans b addd unto 52 God's holy rvlation. Dutronomy 4:2c Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs lâmd (ìà) [pronouncd l ] to, for, towards, in rgards to dirctional/rlational prposition No Strong s # BDB #510 shâmar (ùèîçø) [pronouncd shaw-mar] to kp, to guard, to protct, to watch, to prsrv Qal infinitiv construct Strong's #8104 BDB #1036 êth (àæç) [pronouncd ayth] untranslatd gnrally; occasionally to, toward indicats that th following substantiv is a dirct objct Strong's #853 BDB #84 mits ôwth (îäöåèä) [pronouncd mits - OHTH] prohibitions, prcpts, thos things which ar forbiddn, constraints, proscriptions, countrmands; commandmnts fminin plural construct Strong s #4687 BDB #846 YHWH (éäåä) [pronunciation is possibly yhoh-wah] translitratd variously as Jhovah, Yahwh, Y howah propr noun Strong s #3068 BDB #217 Ìlôhîym (àìéääéí) [pronouncd l-o-heem] God; gods, forign gods, god; rulrs, judgs; suprhuman ons, angls; translitratd Elohim masculin plural noun nd with th 2 prson masculin plural suffix Strong's #430 BDB #43 ãshr (àâéùæø) [pronouncd uh-sher] that, which, whn, who, whom; whr; in that, in which, in what rlativ pronoun; somtims th vrb to b is implid Strong's #834 BDB #81 ânôkîy (àèðéëäé) [pronouncd awn-oh- KEE] I, m; (somtims a vrb is implid) st 1 prson singular prsonal pronoun Strong s #595 BDB #59 tsâvâh (öèåèä) [pronouncd tsaw-vaw] commanding, commissioning, mandating, appointing; ordaining; laying charg upon, giving charg to, charging, ordring; instructing [as in, giving an ordr] Pil participl Strong's #6680 BDB #845 êth (àæç) [pronouncd ayth] you; untranslatd mark of a dirct objct; occasionally to you, toward you sign of th dirct objct nd affixd to a 2 prson masculin plural suffix Strong's #853 BDB #84 Translation:...[that you may] kp th commandmnts of Y howah your Elohim, which [word] I command you. Thy wr to kp th givn commands of God; thy wr not to dvis thir own modifid vrsion of th Mosaic Law (which is what th phariss did aftr yars of tradition). 52 From accssd May 15, 2015.

49 5373 Th Book of Dutronomy What Moss says hr is quit amazing! First of all, this tlls us that Moss rcognizd th importanc of what h was taching th Isralits that is, h rcognizd that it was God's Word. I prsonally do my bst to considr th diffrnt options and to giv what I bliv is th corrct intrprtation and rasonabl application of any vrs. Howvr, this I s as my bst attmpt, whn filld with th Holy Spirit, to communicat God's Word. Howvr, I know that rrors will occasionally crp in and somtims thr will b important lmnts of a passag lft out. As an author, I don't xpct my work to b changd; howvr, as a thologian, I would xpct that thos who larn from m will b abl to tak what I hav givn to thm and to xpand and contract as ndd, with an y toward accuracy. Th Pulpit Commntary: Th Law was to b kpt as a complt whol; nothing was to b takn from it or addd to it; it comprisd th commandmnts of Jhovah, and thrfor thy wr not only to do it as what Moss, thir ladr and lawgivr, had njoind, but to kp it as a sacrd dposit, not to b altrd or tamprd with, and to obsrv it as what God thir Sovrign had nactd for thm. Th dignity and worth of th Law ar hr assrtd, and also its compltnss as givn by Moss. Any addition to it, no lss than any subtraction from it, would mar its intgrity and affct its prfction. Altrd circumstancs in procss of tim might, indd, lad to th dsutud of som parts of th Mosaic nactmnts, and nw institutions or laws might b rquird to mt a nw condition of things, or vn in that nw condition to fnc and sustain th primitiv cod; but that cd was to rmain intact in th Statut-Book, and no altrations wr to b mad upon it that should affct its substanc 53 or nullify any of its principls. V. 2 rads: You [all] will not add to th word which I command you and you will not tak from it, [that you may] kp th commandmnts of Y howah your Elohim, which [word] I command you. Matthw Hnry rphrass this: You shall not add by committing th vil which th law forbids, nor diminish by omitting th good which th law rquirs... You shall not add your own invntions, as if th divin institutions wr dfctiv, nor introduc, much lss impos, any rits of rligious worship othr than what God has appointd; nor shall you diminish, or st asid, any thing that is appointd, as ndlss or suprfluous. God's work is prfct, nothing can b put to it, nor takn from it, without 54 making it th wors. Th Wlls of Living Watr Commntary: In aftr yars th Childrn of Isral wr vry pron to do this vry thing. Thy wr continually making additions to what th Lord had said. W rad somthing of 55 this in Matthw 23:1-39. Th Easy English Bibl Commntary: If thy obyd thos laws, thy would go into th country. Thy would njoy thir livs thr. Th *LORD promisd to thir *ancstors that h would giv that country 56 to *Isral. Howvr, h would only do it if thy obyd his commands. Moss rcognizs that this is God's Word that h is giving to th Jws and thrfor h tlls thm not to add to it nor to tak from it. H knows what h says hr is th Word of God. "Whatvr I command you, you will b carful to do; you will not add to nor tak away from it." (Dut. 12:32). What is th Mishna and th Talmud? Thy ar Jwish additions to God's Word. Th Jws oby ths far mor carfully than thy oby God's Word. This has placd th Jwish popl undr a grat curs, a curs that w rad about in Lv. 26 and will b givn again in this chaptr. Evry word of God is tstd; H is a shild to thos who tak rfug in Him Do not add to His words, so that h will not rprov you and you b provn a liar (Prov. 30:5 6). God's Word has bn compltd: I tstify to vryon who hars th words of prophcy of this book; if anyon adds to thm, God will add to him th plagus which ar writtn in this book; and if anyon taks away from th words of th book of this prophcy, 53 Th Pulpit Commntary; ; by Josph S. Exll, Hnry Donald Mauric Spnc-Jons, courtsy of -sword, Dut. 4: Matthw Hnry, Commntary on th Whol Bibl; from -Sword, Dut. 4: From accssd May 15, From accssd May 15, 2015.

50 Dutronomy Chaptr God will tak away his part from th tr of lif and from th holy city, which ar writtn in this book (Rv. 22:18 19). Your [two] ys thir sing what has don Y howah in Baal Por for ach of th man who followd aftr Baal Por; dstroyd him Y howah your Elohim from among you. And you [all] thos holding fast in Y howah your Elohim [ar] aliv all of you th day. Dutronomy 4:3 4 You hav sn what Y howah has don in Baal Por, bcaus vry man who followd aftr Baal Por, Y howah your Elohim dstroyd him from among you. Furthrmor, thos of you who hld fast to Y howah your Elohim, you [ar] all [still] aliv today. You yourslvs hav sn what Jhovah your God has don in Baal Por. H dstroyd vry singl prson who followd aftr Baal Por, compltly rmoving all idolatrs from your midst. Furthrmor, all of you who hld fast to Jhovah your God, you ar still aliv today. Hr is how othrs hav translatd this vrs: Ancint txts: Masortic Txt (Hbrw) Targum of Onklos Latin Vulgat Pshitta (Syriac) Sptuagint (Grk) Significant diffrncs: Your [two] ys thir sing what has don Y howah in Baal Por for ach of th man who followd aftr Baal Por; dstroyd him Y howah your Elohim from among you. And you [all] thos holding fast in Y howah your Elohim [ar] aliv all of you th day. Your ys hav sn what th Word of th Lord has don to th worshipprs of th idol Por: for all th mn who wnt astray aftr th idol Por, th Lord your God has dstroyd from among you; but you who hav clavd to th worship of th Lord your God ar aliv all of you this day. Your ys hav sn all that th Lord has don against Blphgor, how h has dstroyd all his worshipprs from among you. But you that adhr to th Lord your God, ar all aliv until this prsnt day. Your ys hav sn what th LORD did bcaus of Baal-por; for vry man who followd Baal-por, th LORD your God has dstroyd him from among you. But you who did clav to th LORD your God ar all aliv this day. Your ys hav sn all that th Lord our God did in Baal Por; for vry man that wnt aftr Baal of Por, th Lord your God has uttrly dstroyd him from among you. But you that kpt clos to th Lord your God ar all aliv this day. Th targum has an insrtd phras as thir scond phras. Th Latin lavs out th scond phras found in th Hbrw. Howvr, th Latin spaks of dstroying th worshiprs, which would b rfrncing that missing phras. Limitd Vocabulary Translations: Bibl in Basic English Easy English Your ys hav sn what th Lord did bcaus of Baal-por: for dstruction cam from th Lord on all thos among you who wnt aftr Baal-por. But you who kpt faith with th Lord ar living, vry on of you, today. You saw with your own ys what th LORD did at Baal-Por. Th LORD your God killd vry on of you who obyd Baal thr.

51 5375 Th Book of Dutronomy Easy-to-Rad Vrsion Th Mssag Nams of God Bibl NIRV Nw Simplifid Bibl At Shittim in th country calld Moab, th mn of Isral had sx with th womn from Moab. Ths womn taught th Isralits to kill animals for thir own gods. Th Isralits at mals with th popl from Moab and thy obyd Baal, th god of Por. God was vry angry. H told Moss to kill all th ladrs of th Isralits. Thy had taught th Isralits to do bad things. W can rad about this in Numbrs 25:1-9. But vry on of you who obyd th ruls of th LORD your God is still aliv today. You hav sn what th Lord did at Baal Por. Th Lord your God dstroyd all your popl who followd th fals god Baal [A fals god that th Canaanit popl worshipd.] at that plac. But all of you who stayd with th Lord your God ar aliv today. You saw with your own ys what God did at Baal Por, how God dstroyd from among you vry man who joind in th Baal Por orgis. But you, th ons who hld tight to God, your God, ar aliv and wll, vry on of you, today. With your own ys you saw what Yahwh did at Baal Por. Yahwh your Elohim dstroyd vryon among you who worshipd th god Baal whil you wr at Por. But you wr loyal to Yahwh your Elohim and ar still aliv today. Your own ys saw what th Lord your God did at Baal Por. H dstroyd vry on of your popl who worshipd th Baal that was worshipd at Por. But all of you who rmaind tru to th Lord your God ar still aliv today.»you saw how h killd vryon who worshipd th god Baal at Por.»But all of you who wr faithful to Jhovah your God ar still aliv today. Thought-for-thought translations; paraphrass: Common English Bibl Contmporary English V. Th Living Bibl Nw Brkly Vrsion Nw Lif Vrsion You saw with your own ys what th Lord did concrning th Baal of Por. Th Lord your God dstroyd vryon who followd th Baal of Por, but all of you who stayd tru to th Lord your God ar aliv today. You saw how h killd vryon who worshipd th god Baal Por. But all of you that wr faithful to th LORD your God ar still aliv today. You hav sn what th Lord did to you at Baalpor, whr h dstroyd many popl for worshiping idols. But all of you who wr faithful to th Lord your God ar still aliv today. You saw with your own ys what th LORD did rgarding Baal-Por [S Num. 25:1 5, citd hr to rinforc th statmnt that obdinc mans lif; for th disobdint th nd is dath.], how th LORD your God purgd from your midst vry man who followd aftr th Baal of Por, and how thos of you who rmaind tru to th LORD your God ar still aliv today. Your ys saw what th Lord did bcaus of Baal-por. Th Lord your God dstroyd from among you all th mn who followd th Baal of Por. But you who stayd faithful to th Lord your God ar all aliv today. Partially litral and partially paraphrasd translations: Amrican English Bibl 'Why, you'v sn vrything that Jhovah our God did to th mn [who startd worshiping] Bl Phgor. Jhovah dstroyd thm all from among you! And it's only bcaus you stayd clos to your God that you'r all still aliv today! Bck s Amrican Translation With your own ys you saw what th LORD did at Baal-por, how th LORD your God dstroyd vryon who wnt aftr Baal at Por and H rid you of thm. But you who wr loyal to th LORD your God ar all aliv today. Intrnational Standard V You saw with your own ys what h did in Baal Por. Th LORD your God xtrminatd from among you vry man who followd Baal of Por. But all of you who ar clinging to th LORD your God ar aliv today.

52 Dutronomy Chaptr Nw Advnt (Knox) Bibl Translation for Translators Your own ys hav witnssd what sntnc th Lord passd against Blphgor, purging out from among you all that worshippd at his shrin, whil you, who rmain faithful to th Lord, hav livd to rmmbr it. You hav sn what Yahwh did at Baal-Por Mountain. H got rid of all th popl who worshipd th god Baal thr, but you who faithfully continud to worship Yahwh our God ar still aliv today. Mostly litral rndrings (with som occasional paraphrasing): Ancint Roots Translinar Frrar-Fnton Bibl Lxham English Bibl NIV UK Your ys saw what Yahwh did to Baal in Por. For Yahwh your God annihilatd from your cntr all th mn that wnt aftr Baal in Por. But any of you joind to Yahwh your God livd to today. Your ys saw what th Evr-living did bcaus of Bal-por, - how th EVER-LIVING dstroyd vry man who wnt aftr Bal-por among you. But you who kpt fast to your EVER-LIVING God ar all of you aliv today! Your ys hav sn [Litrally "your ys th sing what"] what Yahwh did with [Or "in"] th cas of Baal Por, for ach [Litrally "vry on of"] man that followd aftr Baal Por Yahwh your God dstroyd from your midst. But you, th ons holding fast to Yahwh your God, ar all aliv today [Litrally "th day"]. You saw with your own ys what th Lord did at Baal Por. Th Lord your God dstroyd from among you vryon who followd th Baal of Por, but all of you who hld fast to th Lord your God ar still aliv today. Catholic Bibls (thos having th imprimatur): Th Hritag Bibl Your ys hav sn what Jhovah did in Baal Por, bcaus vry man who walkd aftr Baal Por, Jhovah, your God, has dsolatd him from your midst. And you, all of you clinging to Jhovah, your God, ar aliv today. Nw Amrican Bibl (2011) You hav sn with your own ys what th LORD did at Baal-por [Nm 25:1-13; Ps 106:28; Hos 9:10.]: th LORD, your God, dstroyd from your midst vryon who followd th Baal of Por; but you, who hld fast to th LORD, your God, ar all aliv today. Nw Jrusalm Bibl You can s for yourslvs what Yahwh has don about th Baal of Por; Yahwh your God has dstroyd all thos of you who followd th Baal of Por; but thos of you who stayd faithful to Yahwh your God ar all aliv today. Nw RSV You hav sn for yourslvs what th Lord did with rgard to th Baal of Por-how th LORD your God dstroyd from among you vryon who followd th Baal of Por, whil thos of you who hld fast to th LORD your God ar all aliv today. Rvisd English Bibl You saw for yourslvs what th LORD did at Baal-por; th LORD your God dstroyd from among you vryon who wnt ovr to th Baal of Por, but you who hld fast to th LORD your God ar all aliv today. Jwish/Hbrw Nams Bibls: Complt Jwish Bibl xgss companion Bibl You saw with your own ys what ADONAI did at Ba'al-P'or, that ADONAI dstroyd from among you all th mn who followd Ba'al-P'or; but you who stuck with ADONAI your God ar still aliv today, vry on of you. Your ys saw what Yah Vh workd bcaus of Baal Por: for all th mn who wnt aftr Baal Por, Yah Vh your Elohim dstroyd from your midst. But you who adhrd to Yah Vh your Elohim - vry on of you is aliv this day.

53 5377 Th Book of Dutronomy JPS (Tanakh 1985) Kaplan Translation Orthodox Jwish Bibl Rstord Nams Vrsion Th Scripturs 1998 You saw with your own ys what th Lord did in th mattr of Baal-por, that th Lord your God wipd out from among you vry prson who followd Baal-por; whil you, who hld fast to th Lord your God, ar all aliv today. You hav sn with your own ys what God did at th Baal Por pisod. God your Lord annihilatd vry prson among you who followd Baal Por [S Numbrs 25:3 ff.]. Only you, th ons who rmaind attachd to God your Lord, ar all aliv today. Your ys hav sn what Hashm did bcaus of Baal Por; for all th mn that followd Baal Por, Hashm Elohicha hath dstroyd thm from among you. But y that did hav dvykus (claving) unto Hashm Elohichm ar aliv vry on of you today. Your ys hav sn what Yahuwah did at Ba'al P'owr for Yahuwah your Eloah has dstroyd from among you all th mn who followd Ba'al P'owr. And you who hld fast to Yahuwah your Eloah ar aliv today, vry on of you. Your ys hav sn what éäåä did at Ba al P or, for éäåä your Elohim has dstroyd from your midst all th mn who followd Ba al P or. But you who ar clinging to éäåä your Elohim ar aliv today, vry on of you. Expandd/Embllishd Bibls: Th Expandd Bibl Th Gnva Bibl Krtzmann s Commntary NET Bibl Th Voic L You [ Your ys] hav sn for yourslvs what th Lord did at Baal Por, how th L Lord your God dstroyd vryon among you who followd [ walkd aftr] Baal in Por [Num. 25:1-18]. But all of you who continud following [clung to] th Lord your God ar still aliv today. Your ys hav sn what th LORD did [Gods judgmnts xcutd on othr idolatrs ought to srv for our instruction, rad ( Numbrs 25:3 Numbrs 25:4 ). ] bcaus of Baalpor: for all th mn that followd Baalpor, th LORD thy God hath dstroyd thm from among you. But y that did clav [And wr not idolatrs.] unto th LORD your God [ar] aliv vry on of you this day. Your ys hav sn what th Lord did bcaus of Baal-por, whn th Midianits succdd in introducing whordom and idolatry into th ranks of Isral, Numbrs 25; for all th mn that followd Baal-por, th Lord, thy God, hath dstroyd thm from among you. But y that did clav unto th Lord, your God, ar aliv, vry on of you, this day. Th rward of faithfulnss and th punishmnt of unfaithfulnss wr thus plainly bfor thir ys. You hav witnssd what th Lord did at Baal Por [Th LXX and Syriac rad "to Baal Por," that is, th god worshipd at that plac.] [This is probably th spot nar Pisgah whr Balaam attmptd to curs th nation Isral (Num 23:28). Th Moabits also worshipd Baal thr by th nam "Baal [of] Por" (Num 25:1-5).], how h [Hb "th Lord your God." Th pronoun has bn usd in th translation for stylistic rasons to avoid rdundancy.] radicatd from your midst vryon who followd Baal Por. [Or "followd th Baal of Por" (so NAB, NIV, NRSV), rfrring to th pagan god Baal.] But you who rmaind faithful to th Lord your God ar still aliv to this vry day, vry on of you. You saw with your own ys what th Etrnal did about your immorality at Baal-por, th mountain-god. Whn som of you followd aftr th Baal god, th Etrnal your God killd thm right in front of you not on of thm survivd! [Numbrs 25:1-5] But all of you who rmaind loyal to th Etrnal your God ar still aliv today. Litral, almost word-for-word, rndrings: Contxt Group Vrsion Your {pl} ys hav sn what YHWH did bcaus of Baal-por; for all th mn that followd Baal-por, YHWH your God has dstroyd thm from th midst of you.

54 Dutronomy Chaptr God s Truth (Tyndal) NASB Nw Europan Vrsion Updatd Bibl Vrsion 2.11 Wbstr s Bibl Translation Young s Updatd LT Th gist of this vrs: But you {pl} that did cling to YHWH your {pl} God ar aliv vry on of you {pl} this day. Your ys hav sn what th Lord did unto Baal Por: for all th mn that followd Baal Por, th Lord your God has dstroyd from among you. But you that clavd unto th Lord your God, ar aliv vry on of you this day. Your ys hav sn what th Lord has don in th cas of Baal-por, for all th mn who followd Baal-por, th Lord your God has dstroyd [a]thm from among you. But you who hld fast to th Lord your God ar aliv today, vry on of you. Your ys hav sn what Yahwh did bcaus of Baal Por; for all th mn who followd Baal Por, Yahwh your God has dstroyd thm from th midst of you. But you who wr faithful to Yahwh your God ar all aliv this day. Your+ ys hav sn what Yahwh did bcaus of Baal-por; for all th mn who followd Baal-por, Yahwh your God has dstroyd thm from th midst of you. But you+ who stuck to Yahwh your+ God ar aliv vry on of you+ this day. Your ys hav sn what th LORD did bcaus of Baal-por: for all th mn that followd Baal-por, th LORD thy God hath dstroyd thm from among you. But y who adhrd to th LORD your God, [ar] aliv vry on of you this day. Your ys ar sing that which Jhovah has don in Baal-Por, for vry man who has gon aftr Baal-Por, Jhovah your God has dstroyd him from your midst; and you [all] who ar claving to Jhovah your God, ar aliv, all of you, today. Moss urgs th popl to rmmbr what thy saw occur in Baal-Por. Thos who abandond th Lord did th sin unto dath; and thos who clung to th LORD wr savd. Lik much of th chaptr, this rfrs to what th Isralits hav sn and hard; this is a part of thir history. Moss will us what thy obsrvd to tach th principl that God can prsrv thos who ar faithful to Him and dstroy thos who chas aftr othr gods. Dutronomy 4:3a Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs êynayim (òåéðçéäí) [pronouncd ìay-nah- YIM] ys, two ys, litral y(s), spiritual ys; fac, apparanc, form; surfac fminin dual noun with nd th 2 prson masculin plural suffix Strong s #5869 (and #5871) BDB #744 râ âh (øèàèä) [pronouncd raw-awh] thos sing; th ons obsrving; thos with undrstanding; srs, thos who prciv fminin plural, Qal activ participl Strong's #7200 BDB #906 êth (àæç) [pronouncd ayth] Indicats nxt word is th objct of th vrb; somtims translatd to untranslatd mark of a dirct objct Strong's #853 BDB #84 ãshr (àâéùæø) [pronouncd uh-sher] that, which, whn, who, whom; whr rlativ pronoun Strong's #834 BDB #81 Togthr, thy man how, that which, what, whatvr; whom, whomvr. âsâh (òèùéèä) [pronouncd ìaw-sawh] to do, to mak, to construct, to fashion, to form, to prpar, to manufactur; accomplish rd 3 prson masculin singular, Qal prfct Strong's #6213 BDB #793

55 5379 Th Book of Dutronomy Dutronomy 4:3a Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs YHWH (éäåä) [pronunciation is possibly yhoh-wah] translitratd variously as Jhovah, Yahwh, Y howah propr noun Strong s #3068 BDB #217 h b (áìà) [pronouncd b ] in, into, through; at, by, nar, on, upon; with, bfor, against; by mans of; among; within a prposition of proximity No Strong s # BDB #88 Ba al P ôwr (ôìàòåéø áìçòçì) [pronouncd BAH-ìahl p -ÌOHR] lord of th opn mouth, lord of apptit, lord of voracious grd; and is translitratd Baal Por propr noun Strong s #1187 BDB #128 Thr is a sparat listing for th propr noun Por in Scriptur, and th vrb por mans to opn wid [th mouth or othr chasm]; figurativly, to hav voracious grd, to hav an agr dsir. Strong s #6473 BDB #822. It is unclar whthr Baal Por is simply a plac whr Baal is worshipd; or whthr this is a titl for this particular god, or whthr this is a rfrnc to Baal [worshipd at] Por. This appars to b quivalnt to Bth-Por. Howvr, if mn follow aftr Baal-Por, that sounds mor lik a dity. Translation: You hav sn what Y howah has don in Baal Por,... As throughout this chaptr, what is ky is, th popl to whom Moss is spaking hav obsrvd with thir own ys what Moss is tlling thm about. You saw [with your own ys] what God did in Baal Por,... It appars that Baal Por will b usd in two ways first as a plac or situation and scondly as a prson, dity or concpt which was followd. Ths final two yars of Isral, bfor thy cross ovr into Canaan, wr filld with a lot of stuff going on. Moss spnds a grat dal of tim going ovr ths past 2 yars (actually, mor lik a yar and a half). Dutronomy 4:3b Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs kîy (ëìäé) [pronouncd k] for, that, bcaus; whn, at that tim, which, what tim xplanatory or tmporal conjunction; prposition Strong's #3588 BDB #471 kôl (ëìéì) [pronouncd kohl] th whol, all of, th ntirty of, all; can also b rndrd any of masculin singular construct followd by a dfinit articl Strong s #3605 BDB #481 îysh (àäéù) [pronouncd sh] a man; a husband; on of viril ag; an inhabitant of, a citizn of [whn followd by a gnitiv of a plac]; companion of, solidr of, followr of [whn followd by a gnitiv of king, ladr, tc.]; anyon, somon, a crtain on, ach, ach on, vryon masculin singular noun (somtims found whr w would us a plural); with th dfinit articl Strong's #376 BDB #35

56 Dutronomy Chaptr Dutronomy 4:3b Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs ãshr (àâéùæø) [pronouncd uh-sher] that, which, whn, who, whom; whr rlativ pronoun Strong's #834 BDB #81 hâlak (äèìçêà) [pronouncd haw-lahk ] to go, to com, to dpart, to walk; to advanc rd 3 prson masculin singular, Qal prfct Strong s #1980 (and #3212) BDB #229 achãrêy (àççâøåé) [pronouncd ah-kuh- RAY] bhind, aftr; following; aftr that, aftrwards; hindr parts prposition; plural form Strong s #310 BDB #29 ba al (áìçòçì) [pronouncd BAH-ìahl] ownr, lord, husband; translitratd Baal whn rfrncing th hathn god masculin singular propr noun Strong's #1167 BDB #127 P ôwr (ôìàòåéø) [pronouncd ph-ìohr] clft; translitratd Por masculin singular propr noun Strong s #6465 BDB #822 Or this has a singl Strong s dsignation as follows: Ba al P ôwr (ôìàòåéø áìçòçì) [pronouncd BAH-ìahl p -ÌOHR] lord of th opn mouth, lord of apptit, lord of voracious grd; and is translitratd Baal Por propr noun Strong s #1187 BDB #128 Thr is a sparat listing for th propr noun Por in Scriptur, and th vrb por mans to opn wid [th mouth or othr chasm]; figurativly, to hav voracious grd, to hav an agr dsir. Strong s #6473 BDB #822. It is unclar whthr Baal Por is simply a plac whr Baal is worshipd; or whthr this is a titl for this particular god, or whthr this is a rfrnc to Baal [worshipd at] Por. This appars to b quivalnt to Bth-Por. Howvr, if mn follow aftr Baal-Por, that sounds mor lik a dity. shâmad (ùèîçã) [pronouncd shaw- MAHD] to dstroy, to lay wast, to annihilat, to xtrminat rd 3 prson masculin singular, Hiphil prfct, rd with th 3 prson masculin singular suffix Strong's #8045 BDB #1029 YHWH (éäåä) [pronunciation is possibly yhoh-wah] translitratd variously as Jhovah, Yahwh, Y howah propr noun Strong s #3068 BDB #217 Ìlôhîym (àìéääéí) [pronouncd l-o-heem] God; gods, forign gods, god; rulrs, judgs; suprhuman ons, angls; translitratd Elohim masculin plural noun nd with th 2 prson masculin plural suffix Strong's #430 BDB #43 min (îäï) [pronouncd min] from, off, out from, of, out of, away from, on account of, sinc, than, mor than prposition of sparation Strong's #4480 BDB #577

57 5381 Th Book of Dutronomy Dutronomy 4:3b Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs qrb ( ÆøÆá) [pronouncd b KEH-r v] midst, among, from among [a group of popl]; an [actual, physical] inward part; th innr prson with rspct to thinking and motion; as a faculty of thinking or motion; hart, mind, innr bing; ntrails [of sacrificial animals] masculin singular noun nd with th 2 prson masculin singular suffix Strong s #7130 BDB #899 This appars to man, from among you, from your midst. Translation:...bcaus vry man who followd aftr Baal Por, Y howah your Elohim dstroyd him from among you. Baal Por is not wll dfind, but it appars that th Isralits wnt aftr th gods of Moab. Th mn wr nticd by th bautiful Moabit womn, and thos Moabit womn dmandd that thir mn submit thmslvs to thir gods in what appars to b worship that involvd sxual activity. As a rsult, 24,000 Isralits did th sin unto dath thr. Th Pulpit Commntary: Baal (Bal, B"cf., Bl, Lord) was th common nam of th suprm dity among th northrn of th Smitic-spaking popl, th Canaanits, th Phonicians, th Aramaans, 57 and th Assyrians. Thr wr thus many Baals. Ptr Ptt: H maks thm think back to what had bn th rsult of Baal-por whn som of thir numbr had bn ld astray by th Moabit womn into idol worship with its accompanying sxual misbhaviour (s Numbrs 25:1-3), ating food `providd' by th god and bowing down to it, and indulging in its xcsss. Baal-por may hav bn Baal as associatd with Por, or a god known as `th Lord (baal) of Por'. But it crtainly shard th propnsitis of th Canaanit gods. Thy will rmmbr that such popl had bn dstroyd from th midst of thm. Thir Ovrlord had dalt with 58 thm svrly for thir brach of covnant. Again, th ky hr is th covnant and kping God s covnant. In any cas, what was clarly involvd was rligion bing associatd with sxual activity, as on Isralit was caught bringing a Midianit woman right outsid in full viw of th Tnt of Mting for th purposs of having sxual rlations with hr. Numbrs 25:1 9 (World English Bibl) 25:1 Isral abod in Shittim; and th popl bgan to play th prostitut with th daughtrs of Moab: 25:2 for thy calld th popl to th sacrifics of thir gods; and th popl at, and bowd down to thir gods. 25:3 Isral joind himslf to Baal Por: and th angr of Yahwh was kindld against Isral. 25:4 Yahwh said to Moss, Tak all th chifs of th popl, and hang thm up to Yahwh bfor th sun, that th firc angr of Yahwh may turn away from Isral. 25:5 Moss said to th judgs of Isral, Kill you vryon his mn who hav joind thmslvs to Baal Por. 25:6 Bhold, on of th childrn of Isral cam and brought to his brothrs a Midianit woman in th sight of Moss, and in th sight of all th congrgation of th childrn of Isral, whil thy wr wping at th door of th tnt of mting. 25:7 Whn Phinhas, th son of Elazar, th son of Aaron th prist, saw it, h ros up from Th Pulpit Commntary; ; by Josph S. Exll, Hnry Donald Mauric Spnc-Jons, from -sword, Dut. 4:3. From accssd May 12, 2015.

58 Dutronomy Chaptr Numbrs 25:1 9 (World English Bibl) th midst of th congrgation, and took a spar in his hand; 25:8 and h wnt aftr th man of Isral into th pavilion, and thrust both of thm through, th man of Isral, and th woman through hr body. So th plagu was stayd from th childrn of Isral. 25:9 Thos who did by th plagu wr twnty-four thousand. Balaam had bn calld upon to curs Isral and h was unabl to do so; howvr, h had suggstd a diffrnt tactic of war b takn against Isral h suggstd a cold war, so to spak, whr th ovrturs toward Isral smd frindly, yt th intntion was to disrupt Isral intrnally. Thos who wr lurd into th dgnrat rligion of Baal-Por did th sin unto dath. Th womn of Moab (and apparntly of Midian as wll) usd thir bauty and thir sxuality to sduc th mn of Isral, rquiring thm to bow to thir gods in ordr to njoy sxual gratification. This had to b stoppd; th sxual acts wr dstroying nation Isral. Chaptr Outlin Charts, Graphics and Short Doctrins It ought to b clar that, Abraham s God took car of th Isralits for th past 40 yars, and prhaps half of th popl who wr aliv livd through all of thos 40 yars, sing vrything. And yt, aftr all that, a considrabl numbr of mn pursud th gods of Moab. Intrstingly nough, 24,000 did bcaus of this idolatry; but, in a war with Midian, no Israli livs wr lost 59 (Num. 31:49). Application: W fac th sam thing in our nation, whr th sxually addictiv bhavior of homosxuals is bing usd to rdfin our socity and vn marriag. Howvr, a rdfinition of marriag will chang vrything, including th frdom of rligion. Dutronomy 4:4 Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs w (or v ) (åà or åì) [pronouncd wh] and, vn, thn; namly; whn; sinc, that; though; as wll as simpl wâw conjunction No Strong s # BDB #251 attm (àçúìæí) [pronouncd aht-tem] you all, you guys, you (oftn, th vrb to b is implid) nd 2 prson masculin plural, prsonal pronoun Strong s #859 BDB #61 dâbêq (ãìèáå ) [pronouncd daw-bake] clinging, claving, adhring to masculin plural adjctiv with th dfinit articl Strong s #180 BDB #1695 h b (áìà) [pronouncd b ] in, into, through; at, by, nar, on, upon; with, bfor, against; by mans of; among; within a prposition of proximity No Strong s # BDB #88 YHWH (éäåä) [pronunciation is possibly yhoh-wah] translitratd variously as Jhovah, Yahwh, Y howah propr noun Strong s #3068 BDB # From Dr. John Gill, John Gill s Exposition of th Entir Bibl; from -Sword, Dut. 4:4.

59 5383 Th Book of Dutronomy Dutronomy 4:4 Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs Ìlôhîym (àìéääéí) [pronouncd l-o-heem] God; gods, forign gods, god; rulrs, judgs; suprhuman ons, angls; translitratd Elohim masculin plural noun nd with th 2 prson masculin plural suffix Strong's #430 BDB #43 chayyîym (ççéìäéí) [pronouncd khay- YEEM] lif, livs; a lif of long duration, immortality; living, aliv; sustnanc; rfrshmnt; prosprity, wlfar, happinss masculin plural adjctiv with th dfinit articl Strong's #2416 BDB #311 kôl (ëìéì) [pronouncd kohl] all of you, vry on of you, ach on of you, anyon of you masculin singular noun nd with th 2 prson masculin plural suffix Strong s #3605 BDB #481 yôwm (éåéí) [pronouncd yohm] day; tim; today or this day (with a dfinit articl); possibly immdiatly masculin singular noun with th dfinit articl Strong s #3117 BDB #398 Translation: Furthrmor, thos of you who hld fast to Y howah your Elohim, you [ar] all [still] aliv today. dstroyd thos who followd th gods of Moab (Baal Por) and thos who did not, God kpt aliv. God Thr wr thos who wnt in for th phallic cult worship and thos who hld fast to God. Th rlationship btwn God and blivrs in His Son Jsus Christ is closly akin to th corrct prspctiv of a marriag. God lovs, provids for and protcts thos who ar His. Just as a right man and a right woman ar to cling to on anothr (Gn. 2:24), so a blivr is th cling to God, his Savior. Thos who hld fast to God rmaind aliv and thos who did not did th sin unto dath, th final nd for almost vryon of gn X. This oldr gnration bcam an objct lsson. God dstroyd thm for thir disloyalty to Him for prostituting thmslvs to anothr god and th rmaining gnration, th gnration of promis, wr to rmmbr ths things and tll thir childrn ths things (s Dut. 4:9). Th Wlls of Living Watr Commntary: Th bons of th disobdint wr strwn through th wildrnss, but th obdint, who did clav unto th Lord, did liv. Not only did thy liv, but thy wnt in to possss th land. God givs His bst in lif and in possssions to thos who faithfully follow Him and wholly oby Him...W askd a grat soldir on day, th colonl of his rgimnt, "What is th chif asst of a soldir?" Immdiatly h said, "Obdinc." "To oby is bttr than sacrific." 60 Dut. 4:3 4 You hav sn what Y howah has don in Baal Por, bcaus vry man who followd aftr Baal Por, Y howah your Elohim dstroyd him from among you. Furthrmor, thos of you who hld fast to Y howah your Elohim, you [ar] all [still] aliv today. Moss is tlling thos standing bfor him, You saw this with your own ys. You saw thos who wnt aftr Baal Por, and How God dstroyd thm; yt prsrvd thos faithful to Himslf. (Clarly a paraphras of ths two vrss) Application: God is abl to diffrntiat btwn blivrs and unblivrs. H is abl to diffrntiat btwn positiv and growing blivrs, and thos who hav rjctd His Word. 60 From accssd May 15, 2015.

60 Dutronomy Chaptr This was a vry odd commnt mad by J. C. Blumhardt (in Th Bibl Illustrator): Th spcial rgard of Jhovah for thos who clav to Him...H watchs ovr thir tmporal xistnc, and dos not prmit it to b snatchd away lik that of many stonrs, unxpctdly and bfor th tims. 61 As I bgan to xgt ths vrss word-by-word, I had that fling that I hav bn hr bfor. Thr ar so many words that I hav sn thrown togthr hr that I hav sn lswhr. Thn I ralizd, this is vry much lik th first fw chaptrs of Provrbs. Listn, I hav taught you th statuts and Look, I hav taught you statuts and ordinancs which Y howah my Elohim ordinancs as which commandd m commandd m to [tach you to] do [thm] in Y howah my Elohim to do so in a midst of th midst of th land which you ar ntring to th land which you ar ntring thr to tak possssion of it. And [whn] you hav possss hr. And you hav kpt and you Dutronomy kpt and hav don [that which I am taching hav don, for that [is] your wisdom and 4:5 6 you], that [will b] your wisdom and your your discrnmnt to ys of th popls who discrnmnt bfor th ys of th popls will listn to all th statuts th ths and [around you], who will har all ths statuts thy hav said, S a popl wis and and say, Undoubtdly, this grat nation [is discrning th nation th grat th this. mad up of] a wis and discrning population. Listn, I hav taught you th statuts and ordinancs with Jhovah my God commandd m to tach you, so that you would do thm aftr going into th land to tak possssion of it. And whn you hav kpt and don thos things which I am taching you, that will b sn as wis and discrning by th popls around you. Thy will har ths statuts and thy will rmark, Undoubtdly, this grat nation is mad up of a wis and discrning population. Hr is how othrs hav translatd this vrs: Ancint txts: Masortic Txt (Hbrw) Targum of Onklos Latin Vulgat Pshitta (Syriac) Look, I hav taught you statuts and ordinancs as which commandd m Y howah my Elohim to do so in a midst of th land which you ar ntring thr to possss hr. And you hav kpt and you hav don, for that [is] your wisdom and your discrnmnt to ys of th popls who will listn to all th statuts th ths and thy hav said, S a popl wis and discrning th nation th grat th this. S, I tach you statuts and judgmnts, as th Lord God has taught m, that you may so do in th land which you ar ntring to possss it. So will you obsrv and prform th law; for it it is your wisdom and undrstanding in th sight of th popls, who will har all ths statuts, and will say: How wis and intllignt is this grat popl! You know that I hav taught you statuts and justics, as th Lord my God has commandd m: so will you do thm in th land which you will possss: And you will obsrv, and fulfil thm in practic. For this is your wisdom, and undrstanding in th sight of nations, that haring all ths prcpts, thy may say: Bhold a wis and undrstanding popl, a grat nation. Bhold, I hav taught you statuts and judgmnts, as th LORD my God has commandd m, that you should do thm in th land which you ar ntring, to possss it. And you shall kp thm, thrfor, and do thm; for this is your 61 From accssd May 14, It is quit rar in Biblical commntary that I find rfrncs to stonrs.

61 5385 Th Book of Dutronomy Sptuagint (Grk) Significant diffrncs: wisdom and your undrstanding in th sight of th nations which shall har all ths statuts, and will say, Surly this grat nation is a wis and undrstanding popl. Bhold, I hav shown you th statuts and judgmnts as th Lord has commandd m, that you should do so in th land into which you go, to inhrit it. And you shall kp and do thm: for this is your wisdom and undrstanding bfor all nations, as many as shall har all ths ordinancs; and thy shall say, Bhold, this grat nation is a wis and undrstanding popl. Th Hbrw word for command can also man instruct; and th Hbrw word possss can also man inhrit. Th word translatd s could b rasonably translatd bhold. Limitd Vocabulary Translations: Bibl in Basic English Easy English Easy-to-Rad Vrsion Good Nws Bibl (TEV) Th Mssag Nams of God Bibl Nw Simplifid Bibl I hav bn taching you laws and dcisions, as I was ordrd to do by th Lord my God, so that you might kp thm in th land to which you ar going to tak it for your hritag. So kp ths laws and do thm; for so will your wisdom and good sns b clar in th ys of th popls, who haring all ths laws will say, Truly, this grat nation is a wis and far-sing popl. Look! I hav taught you th dcrs and ruls as th LORD my God told m to. Now you must oby thm whn you go into your country. At Shittim in th country calld Moab, th mn of Isral had sx with th womn from Moab. Ths womn taught th Isralits to kill animals for thir own gods. Th Isralits at mals with th popl from Moab and thy obyd Baal, th god of Por. God was vry angry. H told Moss to kill all th ladrs of th Isralits. Thy had taught th Isralits to do bad things. W can rad about this in Numbrs 25:1-9. Oby thm carfully. Thy will show popl in othr countris that you undrstand right and good ways. Ths popl will har about all your ruls. Thn thy will say, "Ths grat popl rally do undrstand right and good ways." I taught you th laws and ruls that th Lord my God commandd m. I taught you ths laws so that you could oby thm in th land you ar rady to ntr and tak for your own. Oby ths laws carfully. This will show th popl of th othr nations that you ar wis and undrstanding. Th popl of thos nations will har about ths laws. Thn thy will say, Truly, th popl of this grat nation (Isral) ar wis and undrstanding. "I hav taught you all th laws, as th LORD my God told m to do. Oby thm in th land that you ar about to invad and occupy. Oby thm faithfully, and this will show th popl of othr nations how wis you ar. Whn thy har of all ths laws, thy will say, 'What wisdom and undrstanding this grat nation has!' Pay attntion: I'm taching you th ruls and rgulations that God commandd m, so that you may liv by thm in th land you ar ntring to tak up ownrship. Kp thm. Practic thm. You'll bcom wis and undrstanding. Whn popl har and s what's going on, thy'll say, "What a grat nation! So wis, so undrstanding! W'v nvr sn anything lik it." I hav taught you laws and ruls as Yahwh my Elohim commandd m. You must oby thm whn you'v ntrd th land and takn possssion of it. Faithfully oby ths laws. This will show th popl of th world your wisdom and insight. Whn thy har about all ths laws, thy will say, "What wis and insightful popl thr ar in this grat nation!"»i hav taught you laws and ruls as Jhovah my God commandd m. You must oby thm whn you ntr th land and tak possssion of it.

62 Dutronomy Chaptr Thought-for-thought translations; paraphrass:»carfully oby th laws. For this will show your wisdom and your undrstanding in th sight of th nations. Thy will har all ths statuts and say: Surly this grat nation is a wis and undrstanding popl. Common English Bibl Contmporary English V. Th Living Bibl Nw Brkly Vrsion Nw Lif Vrsion Nw Living Translation So pay attntion! I am taching all of you th rgulations and th cas laws xactly as th Lord my God commandd m. You must do ths in th land you ar ntring to possss. Kp thm faithfully bcaus that will show your wisdom and insight to th nations who will har about all ths rgulations. Thy will say, "Surly this grat nation is a wis and insightful popl!" No othr nation has laws that ar as fair as th ons th Lord my God told m to giv you. If you faithfully oby thm whn you ntr th land, you will show othr nations how wis you ar. In fact, vryon that hars about your laws will say, "That grat nation crtainly is wis!" And what maks us gratr than othr nations? W hav a God who is clos to us and answrs our prayrs. Ths ar vv "Ths ar th laws for you to oby whn you arriv in th land whr you will liv. Thy ar from th Lord our God. H has givn thm to m to pass on to you. If you oby thm, thy will giv you a rputation for wisdom and intllignc. Whn th surrounding nations har ths laws, thy will xclaim, `What othr nation is as wis and prudnt as Isral!' S! Th laws and ordinancs I m taching you ar thos with th LORD my God commandd m, so that you should practic thm in th land which you ar ntring to possss. So, obsrv and practic thm; for this will show how wis and intllignt a nation you ar and th popl who har about all ths laws will say, What a grat popl this is, a popl of wisdom and undrstanding! S, I hav taught you Laws just as th Lord my God told m. So you ar to liv by thm in th land you ar going to hav for your own. Kp thm and do thm. For this will show how wis and undrstanding you ar. Th popl who will har all ths Laws will say, 'For sur this grat nation is a wis and undrstanding popl.' "Look, I now tach you ths dcrs and rgulations just as th Lord my God commandd m, so that you may oby thm in th land you ar about to ntr and occupy. Oby thm compltly, and you will display your wisdom and intllignc among th surrounding nations. Whn thy har all ths dcrs, thy will xclaim, `How wis and prudnt ar th popl of this grat nation!' Partially litral and partially paraphrasd translations: Amrican English Bibl Intrnational Standard V Nw Advnt (Knox) Bibl '{Look} I'v shown you all th ruls and dcisions, just as Jhovah gav thm to m; so you must follow thm in th land that you'r travling to and which you will inhrit. Oby thm and do thm, bcaus this is what will brand you as a wis and undrstanding popl to th nations. For whn thy har all ths ruls thy will say, Look; Thy'r a grat nation of wis and undrstanding popl! S! I taught you th statuts and th ordinancs, just as th LORD God commandd. Thrfor, obsrv thm [Th Hb. lacks thm] whn you ntr th land you ar about to possss. Obsrv thm carfully, bcaus this will show your wisdom and discrnmnt in th ys of popl who'll listn to all ths dcrs. Thn thy'll say: `Surly this grat nation is a wis and discrning popl.' B wll assurd that th laws and dcrs I hav givn you com from th Lord himslf, and must still b obsrvd whn you hav takn possssion of th land that is to b yours. Kp thm in honour and liv by thm; ths ar to b th arts, this th wisdom, that you tach th world, as mn com to har of ths laws, and say to thmslvs, Surly thy must b wis, surly thy must b discrning folk, that blong to so grat a nation as this!

63 5387 Th Book of Dutronomy Today s NIV Translation for Translators S, I hav taught you dcrs and laws as th LORD my God commandd m, so that you may follow thm in th land you ar ntring to tak possssion of it. Obsrv thm carfully, for this will show your wisdom and undrstanding to th nations, who will har about all ths dcrs and say, "Surly this grat nation is a wis and undrstanding popl." Not that I hav taught you all th ruls and rgulations, just lik Yahwh our God told m to do. H wants you to oby thm whn you ar living in th land that you ar about to ntr and occupy. Oby thm faithfully bcaus, if you do that, you will show th popl of othr nations that you ar vry wis. Whn thy har about all ths laws, thy will say, `Th popl of this grat nation of Isral ar crtainly vry wis [DOU]!' Mostly litral rndrings (with som occasional paraphrasing): Ancint Roots Translinar Frrar-Fnton Bibl Jubil Bibl 2000 Lxham English Bibl NIV, 2011 S, I taught you th dcrs and vrdicts that Yahwh my God commandd m to do. So possss th cntr of th land as you com thr. Kp and do thm, for your wisdom and your undrstanding in th ys of th popl which hard all ths dcrs, to say, "Only wis and undrstanding popl ar in this grat nation!" Attnd to m as I tach you th constitutions and dcrs which th EVER-LIVING, my God, commands you to practis whn you arriv in th country which you ar going to possss, and guard thm, and practis thm ; - for thy will mak you wis and intllignt in th ys of th Popls who har of all ths constitutions, who will say; "This is a wis and intllignt Popl - this Grat Nation! " Bhold, I hav taught you statuts and rights, vn as th LORD my God commandd m, that y should do thus in th midst of th land whr y ar about to ntr in to possss it. Kp thm, thrfor, and do thm, for this is your wisdom and your undrstanding in th sight of th popls, who shall har all ths statuts and say, Surly this grat nation is a wis and undrstanding popl. S, I now tach [Or "I hav taught" (compar NASB, NEB)] you ruls and rgulations just as Yahwh my God has commandd m, to obsrv thm just so in th midst of th land whr you ar going, to tak possssion of it. And you must obsrv thm diligntly, [Litrally "you must obsrv and you must do"] for that is your wisdom and your insight bfor th ys of th popl, who will har all of ths ruls, and thy will say, `Surly this grat nation is a wis and discrning popl.' S, I hav taught you dcrs and laws as th Lord my God commandd m, so that you may follow thm in th land you ar ntring to tak possssion of it. Obsrv thm carfully, for this will show your wisdom and undrstanding to th nations, who will har about all ths dcrs and say, `Surly this grat nation is a wis and undrstanding popl.' Catholic Bibls (thos having th imprimatur): Christian Community (1988) S, as Yahwh, my God, ordrd m, I am taching you th norms and th laws that you may put thm into practic in th land you ar going to ntr and hav as your own. If you obsrv and practic thm, othr popls will rgard you as wis and intllignt. Whn thy com to know of all ths laws, thy will say, Thr is no popl as wis and as intllignt as this grat nation. ± Th Hritag Bibl S, I hav taught you nactmnts and judgmnts, what Jhovah my God commandd m, that you should do so in th midst of th land whr you go to possss it. And you shall hdg about and do thm, bcaus this is your wisdom and your undrstanding in th ys of th popls who shall attntivly har all ths nactmnts, and say, Surly this grat popl is a wis and undrstanding

64 Dutronomy Chaptr Nw Amrican Bibl (2002) Nw Amrican Bibl (2011) Nw Jrusalm Bibl Nw RSV Rvisd English Bibl popl, Bcaus what popl is so grat, whos God is so nar to thm as Jhovah, our God, in all w call upon him? Thrfor, I tach you th statuts and dcrs as th LORD, my God, has commandd m, that you may obsrv thm in th land you ar ntring to occupy. Obsrv thm carfully, for thus will you giv vidnc of your wisdom and intllignc to th nations, who will har of all ths statuts and say, 'This grat nation is truly a wis and intllignt popl.' S, I am taching you th statuts and ordinancs as th LORD, my God, has commandd m, that you may obsrv thm in th land you ar ntring to possss. Obsrv thm carfully, for this is your wisdom and discrnmnt in th sight of th popls, who will har of all ths statuts and say, "This grat nation is truly a wis and discrning popl." Dt 26:5; Gn 12:2; 18:18; 46:3; Ex 32:10. Look: as Yahwh my God commandd m, I hav taught you laws and customs, for you to obsrv in th country of which you ar going to tak possssion. Kp thm, put thm into practic, and othr popls will admir your wisdom and prudnc. Onc thy know what all ths laws ar, thy will xclaim, "No othr popl is as wis and prudnt as this grat nation!" S, just as th LORD my God has chargd m, I now tach you statuts and ordinancs for you to obsrv in th land that you ar about to ntr and occupy. You must obsrv thm diligntly, for this will show your wisdom and discrnmnt to th popls, who, whn thy har all ths statuts, will say, `Surly this grat nation is a wis and discrning popl!' I hav taught you statuts and laws, as th LORD my God commandd m; s that you kp thm whn you go into and occupy th land. Obsrv thm carfully, for thrby you will display your wisdom and undrstanding to othr popls. Whn thy har about all ths statuts, thy will say, "What a wis and undrstanding popl this grat nation is!" Jwish/Hbrw Nams Bibls: Complt Jwish Bibl Look, I hav taught you laws and rulings, just as ADONAI my God ordrd m, so that you can bhav accordingly in th land whr you ar going in ordr to tak possssion of it. Thrfor, obsrv thm; and follow thm; for thn all popls will s you as having wisdom and undrstanding. Whn thy har of all ths laws, thy will say, 'This grat nation is surly a wis and undrstanding popl.' xgss companion Bibl S, I taught you statuts and judgmnts, vn as Yah Vh my Elohim misvahd m, to work thus midst th land you go to possss. Guard and work; for this is your wisdom and your discrnmnt in th ys of th popl who har all ths statuts; and say, Surly this grat goyim is a wis and discrning popl! JPS (Tanakh 1985) S, I hav impartd to you laws and ruls, as th Lord my God has commandd m, for you to abid by in th land that you ar about to ntr and occupy. Obsrv thm faithfully, for that will b proof of your wisdom and discrnmnt to othr popls, who on haring of all ths laws will say, "Surly, that grat nation is a wis and discrning popl." Kaplan Translation S! I hav taught you ruls and laws as God my Lord has commandd m, so [that you] will b abl to kp thm in th land to which you ar coming and which you will b occupying. Safguard and kp [ths ruls], sinc this is your wisdom and undrstanding in th ys of th nations. Thy will har all ths ruls and say, 'This grat nation is crtainly a wis and undrstanding popl.'

65 5389 Th Book of Dutronomy Orthodox Jwish Bibl Rstord Nams Vrsion Th Scripturs 1998 Bhold, I hav taught you chukkim and mishpatim, vn as Hashm Elohai commandd m, that y should do so in ha'artz whr y go to possss it. B shomr thrfor and do thm; for this is your chochmah and your binah in th sight of th popls, which shall har all ths chukkim, and say, Surly HaGoy HaGadol is a wis and undrstanding popl. Surly I hav taught you statuts and judgmnts, just as Yahuwah my Eloah commandd m, that you should act according to thm in th land that you go to possss. And b carful to obsrv thm, for this is your wisdom and your undrstanding in th ys of th popls who will har all ths statuts and say, 'Surly this grat nation is a wis and undrstanding popl.' S, I hav taught you laws and right-rulings, as éäåä my Elohim commandd m, to do thus in th land which you go to possss. And you shall guard and do thm, for this is your wisdom and your undrstanding bfor th ys of th popls who har all ths laws, and thy shall say, Only a wis and undrstanding popl is this grat nation! Expandd/Embllishd Bibls: Th Expandd Bibl Krtzmann s Commntary NET Bibl Th Voic Look, I hav taught you th laws [statuts; ordinancs; rquirmnts] and ruls th Lord my God commandd m. Now you can oby th laws in th land you ar ntring, in th land you will tak [possss]. Oby ths laws carfully [Kp/Guard and do/oby], in ordr to show th othr nations that you hav wisdom and undrstanding [discrnmnt]. Whn thy har about ths laws, thy will say, "This grat nation of Isral is wis and undrstanding [discrning]." Bhold, I hav taught you statuts and judgmnts, vn as th Lord, my God, commandd m, that y should do so in th land whr y go to possss it. Kp thrfor and do thm; for this is your wisdom and your undrstanding in th sight of th nations, a mattr of ordinary sound common sns, which shall har all ths statuts, th prcpts as thy govrnd th covnant rlations of Isral, and say, Surly this grat nation is a wis and undrstanding popl. It is an Old Tstamnt form of th Nw Tstamnt injunction that blivrs should lt thir light shin bfor mn, Matt. 5:16, Ths facts caus Moss to xclaim in a frvnt, cstatic appal. Look! I hav taught you statuts and ordinancs just as th Lord my God told m to do, so that you might carry thm out in [Hb "in th midst of" (so ASV).] th land you ar about to ntr and possss. So b sur to do thm, bcaus this will tstify of your wis undrstanding [Hb "it is wisdom and undrstanding."] to th popl who will larn of all ths statuts and say, "Indd, this grat nation is a vry wis [Hb "wis and undrstanding."] popl." So pay attntion-i'm taching you th ruls and judgmnts th Etrnal my God has givn m for you. You'r to follow thm whn you ntr th land and sttl thr. If you oby thm carfully, all th nations around you will marvl at your wisdom and undrstanding. Thy'll har about ths ruls and say, "This is a grat nation-its popl ar so wis and undrstanding!" Litral, almost word-for-word, rndrings: Concordant Litral Vrsion S! I hav taught you statuts and judgmnts just as Yahwh my Elohim had instructd m, for you to do thus within th land whr you ar ntring to tnant it. And you must obsrv and oby thm, for that is your wisdom and your undrstanding in th ys of all th popls who shall har of all ths statuts and will say:surly this grat nation is a popl wis and undrstanding.

66 Dutronomy Chaptr Contxt Group Vrsion English Standard V. UK God s Truth (Tyndal) Nw Europan Vrsion Nw King Jams Vrsion Wbstr s Bibl Translation Young s Updatd LT Th gist of this vrs: Look, I hav taught you {pl} statuts and ordinancs, vn as YHWH my God commandd m, that you {pl} should do so in th midst of th land { or arth } whr you {pl} go in to possss it. Kp thrfor and do thm; for this is your {pl} wisdom and your {pl} undrstanding in th sight of th popls, that shall har all ths statuts, and say, Surly this grat nation is a wis and undrstanding popl. S, I hav taught you statuts and ruls, as th Lord my God commandd m, that you should do thm in th land that you ar ntring to tak possssion of it. Kp thm and do thm, for that will b your wisdom and your undrstanding in th sight of th popls, who, whn thy har all ths statuts, will say, `Surly this grat nation is a wis and undrstanding popl.' Bhold, I hav taught you ordinancs and laws, such as th Lord my God commandd m, that you should do vn so in th land whr [=what vr plac, rsult, or condition.] you go to possss it. Kp thm thrfor and do thm, for that is your wisdom and undrstanding in th sight of th nations: which whn thy hav hard all ths ordinancs, shall say: O' what a wis and undrstanding popl is this grat nation. Bhold, I hav taught you statuts and ordinancs as Yahwh my God commandd m, that you should do so in th midst of th land whr you go in to possss it. Kp thrfor and do thm, for this is your wisdom and your undrstanding in th sight of th nations who shall har all ths statuts and say, Surly this grat nation is a wis and undrstanding popl! "Surly I hav taught you statuts and judgmnts, just as th Lord my God commandd m, that you should act according to thm in th land which you go to possss. Thrfor b carful to obsrv thm; for this is your wisdom and your undrstanding in th sight of th popls who will har all ths statuts, and say, `Surly this grat nation is a wis and undrstanding popl.' Bhold, I hav taught you statuts, and judgmnts, vn as th LORD my God commandd m, that y should do so in th land whr y go to possss it. Kp thrfor and do [thm]; for this [is] your wisdom and your undrstanding in th sight of th nations, which will har all ths statuts, and say, Surly this grat nation [is] a wis and undrstanding popl. S, I hav taught you statuts and judgmnts, as Jhovah my God has commandd m to do so, in th midst of th land whr y ar going in to possss it; and y hav kpt and don thm (for it is your wisdom and your undrstanding) bfor th ys of th popls who har all ths statuts, and thy hav said, Only, a popl wis and undrstanding is this grat nation. Thir undrstanding and practic of th laws of God would rval th Isralits to b a wis and undrstanding popl bfor th gntils. Dutronomy 4:5a Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs râ âh (øèàèä) [pronouncd raw-awh] look, s, watch; bhold, viw, s hr, listn up; obsrv nd 2 prson masculin singular, Qal imprativ Strong's #7200 BDB #906 lâmad (ìèîçã) [pronouncd law-mahd] to train, to accustom, to tach st 1 prson singular, Pil prfct Strong s #3925 BDB #540 êth (àæç) [pronouncd ayth] you; untranslatd mark of a dirct objct; occasionally to you, toward you sign of th dirct objct nd affixd to a 2 prson masculin plural suffix Strong's #853 BDB #84

67 5391 Th Book of Dutronomy Dutronomy 4:5a Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs chuqqîym (çë ÌÄéí) [pronouncd khook- KEEM] dcrs, thos things which ar dcrd; statuts; boundaris, dfind limitations; appointd portions of labor, tasks masculin plural noun with th dfinit articl Strong's #2706 BDB #349 w (or v ) (åà or åì) [pronouncd wh] and, vn, thn; namly; whn; sinc, that; though simpl wâw conjunction No Strong s # BDB #251 mîsh pâþîym (îäùàôìèèäéí) [pronouncd mish -paw- TEEM] laws; judgmnts; appals; rsponsibilitis; privilgs; customs; justic; vrdicts rndrd by a judg, judicial dcisions, judicial sntncs masculin plural noun with th dfinit articl Strong's #4941 BDB #1048 kaph or k (ëìà) [pronouncd k ] lik, as, according to; about, approximatly prposition No Strong s # BDB #453 ãshr (àâéùæø) [pronouncd ash-er] that, which, whn, who, whom; whr rlativ pronoun Strong's #834 BDB #81 Togthr, ka ãshr (ëìçàâùæø) [pronouncd kah-uh-sher] mans as which, as on who, as, lik as, as just; bcaus; according to what mannr, in a mannr as, whn, about whn. Back in 1Sam. 12:8, I rndrd this for xampl. tsâvâh (öèåèä) [pronouncd tsaw-vaw] to commission, to mandat, to appoint; to ordain; to lay charg upon, to giv charg to, charg [command, ordr[; to instruct [as in, giving an ordr] rd 3 prson masculin singular, Pil prfct, 1 st prson singular suffix Strong's #6680 BDB #845 YHWH (éäåä) [pronunciation is possibly yhoh-wah] translitratd variously as Jhovah, Yahwh, Y howah propr noun Strong s #3068 BDB #217 Ìlôhîym (àìéääéí) [pronouncd l-o-heem] God; gods, forign gods, god; rulrs, judgs; suprhuman ons, angls; translitratd Elohim masculin plural noun st with th 1 prson singular suffix Strong's #430 BDB #43 Translation: Listn, I hav taught you th statuts and ordinancs which Y howah my Elohim commandd m... Throughout th books of th Law, God spaks th Law to Moss and h thn tachs it to th popl. Originally, God bgan by spaking dirctly to th popl, and it frightnd thm. Thy askd for Moss to b a go btwn (a mdiator, as it wr), to har th Law and thn to tach thm. So h did. So, throughout th first fw yars, and probably on many occasions aftr that, Moss has bn taching th Law to this popl. Thy ar to rtain this law in thir harts, prsrv it for futur gnrations, and practic it. Moss could not tach th popl God s Law just onc, and lt it go. All of ths laws could not b taught in on sssion; and th popl would not hav rtaind all that taching in on sssion. Furthrmor, vn though th popl wr supposd to b taching thir childrn, Moss would tach thm as wll, prsumably, whn thy bcam of ag.

68 Dutronomy Chaptr Rcall that Moss and th popl wr in th dsrt wildrnss for ovr 38 yars aftr th Law had bn rcivd. Moss did not gt up ach morning, s that thr was no lading from God to go anywhr, and thn announc, Okay, lt s look at this sand all day. This vrs rads (so far): Listn, I hav taught you th statuts and ordinancs which Y howah my Elohim commandd m... Th prfct tns rfrs back to a past vnt; or, in this cas, to many past vnts of taching (similar to th itrativ aorist tns in th Grk). Th imprfct tns, in a situation lik this, would look forward to a futur vnt. Wll, Moss is taching thm right thn and thr; but thy would cross ovr th Jordan Rivr and h would rmain maning no mor taching from Moss. So, this taching logically is occurring right now and at various tims in th past. Dutronomy 4:5b Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs lâmd (ìà) [pronouncd l ] to, for, towards, in rgards to dirctional/rlational prposition No Strong s # BDB #510 âsâh (òèùéèä) [pronouncd ìaw-sawh] to do, to mak, to construct, to fashion, to form, to prpar, to manufactur; accomplish Qal infinitiv construct Strong's #6213 BDB #793 kên (ëìåï) [pronouncd kan] so, thrfor, thus; thn, aftrwards; upright, honst; rightly, wll; [it is] so, such, so constitutd proprly, an activ participl; usd primarily as an advrb Strong's #3651 BDB #485 h b (áìà) [pronouncd b ] in, into, at, by, nar, on, with, bfor, upon, against, by mans of, among, within a prposition of proximity Strong s #non BDB #88 qrb ( ÆøÆá) [pronouncd b KEH-r v] midst, among, from among [a group of popl]; an [actual, physical] inward part; th innr prson with rspct to thinking and motion; as a faculty of thinking or motion; hart, mind, innr bing; ntrails [of sacrificial animals] masculin singular noun Strong s #7130 BDB #899 With th bêyth prposition, it mans in th midst of, among, into th midst of (aftr a vrb of motion). rts (àæøæõ) [pronouncd EH-rts] arth (all or a portion throf), land, trritory, country, continnt; ground, soil; undr th ground [Shol] fminin singular noun with th dfinit articl Strong's #776 BDB #75 Translation:...to [tach you to] do [thm] into do in th midst of th land... This Law is what thy wr to do whil in th Land of Promis which God had givn thm. Moss was to tach it and thy wr to do it. Th only way for thm to do this would b to prsrv th words of God and larn th words of God. As blivrs, w must do th sam.

69 5393 Th Book of Dutronomy Dutronomy 4:5c Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs ãshr (àâéùæø) [pronouncd uh-sher] that, which, whn, who, whom; whr rlativ pronoun Strong's #834 BDB #81 attm (àçúìæí) [pronouncd aht-tem] you all, you guys, you (oftn, th vrb to b is implid) nd 2 prson masculin plural, prsonal pronoun Strong s #859 BDB #61 bôw (áìåéà) [pronouncd boh] ntring [coming, going, advancing] [in]; thos ntring [going, coming (in)] Qal activ participl Strong s #935 BDB #97 shâm (ùèí) [pronouncd shawm] thr; at that tim, thn; thrin, in that thing advrb with th dirctional hê Strong s #8033 BDB #1027 This simply mans thr; hê acts almost lik a dmonstrativ. lâmd (ìà) [pronouncd l ] to, for, towards, in rgards to dirctional/rlational prposition No Strong s # BDB #510 yârash ( éèøç) [pronouncd yaw-rash] to possss, to tak possssion of, to occupy a gographical ara [by driving out th prvious occupants], to tak possssion of anyon [or thir goods]; to inhrit, to possss; to xpl, to driv out Qal infinitiv construct rd with th 3 prson fminin singular suffix Strong s #3423 BDB #439 Translation:...which you ar ntring to tak possssion of it. Th land, of cours, is Canaan, which land th Jws wr about to ntr and tak. God had spcific bhavior that th Isralits wr to oby, bhavior and laws and statuts which would st thm apart from th hathn of th land. Th laws wr givn to Moss for th sons of Isral, as w rad: Ths ar th statuts and ordinancs and laws which Y howah stablishd btwn Himslf and th sons of Isral by th hand of Moss at Mount Sinai (Lv. 26:46; also s 27:34). Intrstingly nough, most commntators bgin a nw paragraph with v. 9. Kp thm and do thm, for that will b your wisdom and your undrstanding in th sight of th popls, who, whn thy har all ths statuts, will say, 'Surly this grat nation is a wis and undrstanding popl.' For what grat nation is thr that has a god so nar to it as th LORD our God is to us, whnvr w call upon him? And what grat nation is thr, that has statuts and ruls so rightous as all this law that I st bfor you today? Only tak car, and kp your soul diligntly, lst you forgt th things that your ys hav sn, and lst thy dpart from your hart all th days of your lif. Mak thm known to your childrn and your childrn's childrn--... (Dut. 4:6 9) This kind of organization is known as a chiasmos. Ptr Ptt s Organization of Dutronomy 4:6 9 a Thy ar to kp (shamar) Yahwh's statuts and judgmnts and do thm for in doing so th nations will rcognis that thy ar wis and undrstanding (Dutronomy 4:6). b For no othr nation, howvr grat, has a God so nar to thm as Yahwh is whn thy call on Him

70 Dutronomy Chaptr Ptr Ptt s Organization of Dutronomy 4:6 9 a (Dutronomy 4:7). b No othr nation has statuts and judgmnts so rightous as this Instruction (torah) that Yahwh has st bfor thm at this tim (Dutronomy 4:8). Thy ar to tak hd to thmslvs (shamar and kp (shamar) thmslvs diligntly in cas thy forgt what thy hav sn and lst thos things dpart from thir hart all th days of thir livs, and ar to mak thm known to thir childrn and thir childrn's childrn (Dutronomy 4:9). Ptt: Not that in `a' thy ar to kp (shamar) His statuts and judgmnts and do thm, and in th paralll ar to kp (shamar) thmslvs with gratst car in cas thy forgt thm, and forgt what thy hav sn, and so as to nsur that thy mak thm known to thir childrn and thir childrn's childrn. In `b' no nation has a God lik thirs Who is so nar to thm whn thy call on Him and in th paralll no nation has such rightous statuts and judgmnts as Yahwh has givn thm. From accssd May 12, Chaptr Outlin Charts, Graphics and Short Doctrins Dutronomy 4:6a Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs w (or v ) (åà or åì) [pronouncd wh] and, vn, thn; namly; whn; sinc, that; though; as wll as simpl wâw conjunction No Strong s # BDB #251 shâmar (ùèîçø) [pronouncd shaw-mar] to kp, to guard, to protct, to watch, to prsrv nd 2 prson masculin plural, Qal prfct Strong's #8104 BDB #1036 w (or v ) (åà or åì) [pronouncd wh] and, vn, thn; namly; whn; sinc, that; though; as wll as simpl wâw conjunction No Strong s # BDB #251 âsâh (òèùéèä) [pronouncd ìaw-sawh] to do, to mak, to construct, to fashion, to form, to prpar, to manufactur; accomplish nd 2 prson masculin plural, Qal prfct Strong's #6213 BDB #793 Translation: And [whn] you hav kpt and hav don [that which I am taching you],... Th Isralits wr to follow what Moss has bn taching thm. Thy wr to prsrv this Law and thy wr to follow it. Dutronomy 4:6b Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs kîy (ëìäé) [pronouncd k] for, that, bcaus; whn, at that tim, which, what tim xplanatory or tmporal conjunction; prposition Strong's #3588 BDB #471 hûw (äåìà) [pronouncd hoo] that; this; sam masculin singular, dmonstrativ pronoun Strong s #1931 BDB #214 châk mâh (çèëàîèä) [pronouncd khawk - MAW] wisdom [in all ralms of lif], doctrin in th soul; skill [in war] fminin singular noun nd with th 2 prson masculin plural suffix Strong s #2451 BDB #315

71 5395 Th Book of Dutronomy Dutronomy 4:6b Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs w (or v ) (åà or åì) [pronouncd wh] and, vn, thn; namly; whn; sinc, that; though; as wll as simpl wâw conjunction No Strong s # BDB #251 bîynâh (áìäéðèä) [pronouncd b-naw] undrstanding, discrnmnt; intllignc, insight; skill; act; faculty; objct; prsonifid fminin singular noun nd with th 2 prson masculin plural suffix Strong s #998 BDB #108 This is th first occurrnc of this word (but it dos occur many tims in Job, which was probably writtn prior to Dutronomy). lâmd (ìà) [pronouncd l ] to, for, towards, in rgards to dirctional/rlational prposition No Strong s # BDB #510 êynayim (òåéðçéäí) [pronouncd ìay-nah- YIM] ys, two ys, litral y(s), spiritual ys; fac, apparanc, form; surfac fminin plural construct Strong s #5869 (and #5871) BDB #744 Th lâmd prposition + ayin man, litrally to [for] [on s] ys; bfor [on s] ys. Th sns is bfor any on, in th sight of [somon], in viw of [somon]. ammîym (òçîìäéí) [pronouncd ìahm- MEEM] popls, nations; tribs [of Isral]; rlativs of anyon masculin plural collctiv noun with th dfinit articl Strong s #5971 BDB #766 Translation:...that [will b] your wisdom and your discrnmnt bfor th ys of th popls [around you],... Prsrving th Law and doing it would indicat to th popls around thm that thy had wisdom and discrnmnt. Although thr would b opnly hostil nations to Isral (and, thrfor, to God), thr would b som nations which would intract with Isral and b imprssd with thir systm of law. Dutronomy 4:6c Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs ãshr (àâéùæø) [pronouncd uh-sher] that, which, whn, who, whom; whr rlativ pronoun Strong's #834 BDB #81 shâma (ùèîçò) [pronouncd shaw- MAHÌ] to listn [intntly], to har, to listn and oby, [or, and act upon, giv hd to, tak not of], to harkn to, to b attntiv to, to listn and b cognizant of rd 3 prson masculin plural, Qal imprfct Strong's #8085 BDB #1033 êth (àæç) [pronouncd ayth] Indicats nxt word is th objct of th vrb; somtims translatd to untranslatd mark of a dirct objct Strong's #853 BDB #84 kôl (ëìéì) [pronouncd kohl] th whol, all of, th ntirty of, all; can also b rndrd any of masculin singular construct followd by a dfinit articl Strong s #3605 BDB #481

72 Dutronomy Chaptr Dutronomy 4:6c Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs chuqqîym (çë ÌÄéí) [pronouncd khook- KEEM] dcrs, thos things which ar dcrd; statuts; boundaris, dfind limitations; appointd portions of labor, tasks masculin plural noun with th dfinit articl Strong's #2706 BDB #349 êllh (àåììæä) [pronouncd ALE-lh] ths, ths things dmonstrativ plural adjctiv with th dfinit articl (oftn th vrb to b is implid) Strong's #428 BDB #41 Translation:...who will har all ths statuts... Thy (th popls in th surrounding lands) would har th statuts and this would b imprssiv. Thy would rcogniz th gratnss of this law. During this sam tims priod, kings had risn up all ovr th Middl East, and many of thm would striv to put togthr a st of laws that would guid thir popl. Nations had xistd for svral hundrd yars, but vn that was somwhat of a nw thing. Popl wr clumpd togthr in groups, and ths groups must b managd and organizd, so that disputs can b sttld, so that a group of popl do not dstroy thmslvs through lawlssnss. Application: W tak so many things for grantd in th Unitd Stats. In most citis and towns, w can walk around safly. W can hav businsss and cars and homs, and, for th most part, w do not xpct thm to b brokn into and dfild. Whn I want to pick up milk and ggs, this is not any sort of a big dal to m. I put a fw dollars in my pockt (or pack my dbit card), driv 2 mils to a stor and pick ths things up. I hav no concrn for my safty; I don t xpct much to happn btwn hr and thr. In fact, in many placs, I can do this in th middl of th night, if I am so disposd. This is all basd upon law and ordr, which local govrnmnts provid; this is all basd upon a st of laws and a systm of law to dal with thos who brak th social cod of lawful bhavior. Groups of popl knw that; thy knw that thy ndd a lif lik this. Thy wantd to travl from point A to point B safly. If thy had crops or shp, thy wantd to b abl to rais ths things up, consum and sll thm, without facing thrats of violnc and thft. Nations volvd and grat kings trid to stablish laws to mak thir nation work. A grat and wis king was a king who could provid th gratst amount of safty and frdom to his popl. So, ths laws, for that day and tim, rvald grat wisdom and forsight. Insofar as I know, this was on of th most complx systms of law for that tim priod; a systm of law which covrd so many diffrnt aspcts of lif, including law and ordr, th worship of God, inhritanc vn building cods. And all of this was nforcd by appropriat punishmnts. Today, w hav popl who dman this grat st of laws, and say things lik, Homosxuality is wrong? Wll, thn so is mixing cotton and polystr and so is ating shllfish. Whn you har this (or rad it in som mm), it rvals th ignoranc of th prson saying it (or posting it). Th Mosaic Law was vry clar on ths things. A prson who committd a homosxual act could b put to dath. A prson was advisd not to mix cotton and wool (thy hav diffrnt shrinkag rats); and a prson was told not to at crtain things bcaus thy wr unclan (in an ag whr thr was no rfrigration and swag in th narby watr supplis was not ncssarily unusual thos things which wr proclaimd unclan wr mor likly to carry parasits and harmful bactria).

73 5397 Th Book of Dutronomy Thrfor, honst popls could xamin this magnificnt systm of law that th Jws adhrd to, and thy would b imprssd. Dutronomy 4:6d Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs w (or v ) (åà or åì) [pronouncd wh] and, vn, thn; namly; whn; sinc, that; though; as wll as simpl wâw conjunction No Strong s # BDB #251 âmar (àèîçø) [pronouncd aw-mahr] to say, to spak, to uttr; to say [to onslf], to think; to command; to promis; to xplain; to intnd; to dcid; to answr rd 3 prson plural, Qal prfct Strong s #559 BDB #55 raq (øç ) [pronouncd rahk] only, providd, altogthr, surly; in any cas; but; nvrthlss advrb of rstrictiv forc Strong s #7534 & #7535 BDB #956 am (òçí) [pronouncd ìahm] popl; rac, trib; family, rlativs; citizns, common popl; companions, srvants; ntir human rac; hrd [of animals] masculin singular collctiv noun Strong s #5971 BDB #766 châkâm (çèëèí) [pronouncd khah- KAWM] capabl of knowing [judging]; intllignt, wis; skillful, adpt, proficint; subtl, crafty masculin singular adjctiv Strong s #2450 BDB #314 This word tnds to b applid in a vry positiv way, vn whn thos bing spokn of might not b highly rgardd in God s ys. Th Pharaoh of Egypt calld in wis mn in Ex. 7:11, just as th pharaoh of Josph s day calld in wis mn in his ra (Gn. 41:8). Howvr, Josph is proclaimd wis by th pharaoh in Gn. 41:39. This word can b applid to craftsmn who ar wll-skilld in thir craft (Ex. 35:10). This word is usd ovr and ovr again in th book of Provrbs (Prov. 3:5 7, 35) in a vry positiv sns. Howvr, in 2Sam. 13:3, it is clarly usd of a man who is intllignt, whos advic is accurat, but th intntion is vil. w (or v ) (åà or åì) [pronouncd wh] and, vn, thn; namly; whn; sinc, that; though; as wll as simpl wâw conjunction No Strong s # BDB #251 bîyn (áìäéï) [pronouncd ban] on with intllignc, a prcptiv prson; a prudnt man, th skillful on; a wllinstructd prson; discrning masculin singular, Niphal participl Strong s #995 BDB # Clark: Undrstanding [is th Niphal participl] ðáðéí nbonim, prsons of discrnmnt, judicious mn. gôwy (âìåéé) [pronouncd GOH-] popl, nation masculin singular noun with th dfinit articl Strong s #1471 BDB # Adam Clark, Commntary on th Bibl; from -Sword, Dut. 1:13.

74 Dutronomy Chaptr Dutronomy 4:6d Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs gâdôwl (âìèãåéì) [pronouncd gaw-dohl] larg, grat or mighty [in powr, nobility, walth; in numbr, or magnitud and xtnt], loud; ldr, oldr, important, distinguishd; vast, unyilding, immutabl, significant, astonishing masculin singular adjctiv with a dfinit articl Strong s #1419 BDB #152 zh (ææä) [pronouncd zh] hr, this, this on; thus; possibly anothr masculin singular dmonstrativ adjctiv with a dfinit articl Strong s #2088, 2090 (& 2063) BDB #260 Translation:...and say, Undoubtdly, this grat nation [is mad up of] a wis and discrning population. Out of nowhr, suddnly appars this nation of Isral. Thy do not xprimnt with this or that law ovr priods of hundrds of yars thy start out with and stay with on complx st of laws, and this rvals to th popls around thm that thy ar a wis and discrning popl. For popl who hav positiv volition, thy rcogniz th wisdom of nation Isral. For stupid hathn, thr is no convincing thm. You gnrally gt an ida whthr a prson is positiv toward th God of th Bibl or not dpnding upon how thy fl about Isral. I rcntly saw a fb posting whn Isral is calld a blood-thirsty nation. This tlls m that th prson who postd this has no ida what is tru and what is fals; and, furthrmor, dos not car. God chos, at this point in tim, to work through a particular nation, th nation Isral. Th laws which it had, coming dirctly from God, wr b fair and just to thos from outsid Isral as wll as thos in Isral. Th rasonablnss of thir laws and th inhrnt justic was byond what th hathn knw. This would stand as a witnss to all othr popls who cam into contact with th nation Isral. Moss calls out to th popl and says, "I call havn and arth to witnss against you today, that I hav st bfor you lif and dath, th blssing and th curs. So choos lif in ordr that you may liv, you and your dscndants. By loving Y howah your God, by obying His voic, and by holding fast to Him this is your lif and th lngth of your days, that you may liv in th land which Y howah swor to your fathrs, to Abraham, Isaac and Jacob, to giv thm" (Dut. 30:19 20). "Tak to your hart all th words with which I am warning you today, which you will command your sons to obsrv [and] to do all th words of this law. For it is not an idl word for you; indd, it is your lif. And by this word you will prolong your days in th land, which you ar about to cross th Jordan to possss." (Dut. 31:46 47). Jamison, Fausst and Brown: Moss prdictd that th faithful obsrvanc of th laws givn thm would rais thir national charactr for intllignc and wisdom. In point of fact it did do so; for although th hathn world gnrally ridiculd th Hbrws for what thy considrd a foolish and absurd xclusivnss, som of th most minnt philosophrs xprssd th highst admiration of th fundamntal principl in th Jwish rligion--th unity of God; and thir lgislators borrowd som 63 laws from th constitution of th Hbrws. Clark: Almost all th nations in th arth showd that thy had formd this opinion of th Jws, by borrowing from thm th principal part of thir civil cod. Tak away what Asia and Europ, whthr 63 Robrt Jamison, A. R. Fausst and David Brown; Commntary Critical and Explanatory on th Whol Bibl; 1871; from -sword, Dut. 4:5 6.

75 5399 Th Book of Dutronomy ancint or modrn, hav borrowd from th Mosaic laws, and you lav littl bhind that can b calld 64 xcllnt. Whn th foundrs of th Unitd Stats discussd and dbatd th constitution of th Unitd Stats, th book most oftn quotd was th Bibl. Many Biblical principls ar to b found in th Unitd Stats constitution. Th mthod of vanglism of Isral and th church ar quit diffrnt. W hav bn commandd by God to go out into th world and proclaim th good nws of Jsus Christ. Isral was not rgularly njoind by God to snd out missionaris (thr ar xcptions to this). Thy wr to oby God's laws and th wisdom of ths laws combind with th grat blssing that thy would rciv, would draw popl to thm. On of th prim xampls was th Qun of Shba McG wrot: Sh cam from th nds of th arth. Thr wr no jt plans at that tim. Sh mad a long, arduous hard trip. If a woman would com that distanc undr such circumstancs, don't you think som mn would com to s? And 65 thy did. That was th way Isral witnssd to th world. Ptr Ptt: This claim is quit rmarkabl. Evry nation thought that its wisdom and its laws wr suprior to thos of all othrs, as Hammurabi maks clar in his law cod. But hr it is pointd out that whn it coms to th Instruction of Yahwh all ls will b sn as scondary and will b concdd to b so by th nations. This supriority was in fact actually rcognisd by many Grks (and othrs) who would latr bcom God-farrs bcaus of th supriority of th Instruction (Torah). Th sam was tru of th Christian world whn it rspondd to Christ. Both wr a dclaration of th 66 supriority of th taching of Yahwh. This vrs dos not man that vry nation around Isral and all th popls thrin lovd and admird Isral. This mans that th discrning of th land would rcogniz th wisdom of thir laws and thir ways. Thr ar rligious concpts which would appal to som. Th unblivr can b quit sharp. A discrning unblivr can wandr into th avrag church and discount it immdiatly bcaus (1) thy hav thir hand out all of th tim; (2) th church is corny and th pastor is corny; th church, th pastor and th congrgation ar all phony; (3) th pastor and th congrgation ar not particularly bright or discrning; (4) a majority of what is spokn from th pulpit sounds lik rhashd fundamntalist slogans; (5) thr is no convincing ministry of th Holy Spirit; (6) popl running around th church putting thir hands on othrs, calling aloud for th powr of Jsus, spaking in tongus, claiming miraculous halings vry fw minuts ithr unnrvs or srvs to amus th discrning unblivr; (7) th mals sound as though thy ar carbon copis of th pastor and th fmals sound as though thy ar carbon copis of th pastor's wif. I rcall bing in on church whr th fmals said prais th Lord in xactly th sam vocal inflction as th pastor's wif. I don't rcall whr I was a discrning blivr or unblivr at th tim, but I found that to b quit amusing and compltly sparat from anything to do with spiritual mattrs. Evn as an unblivr, I clarly rcognizd that thr was no spiritual impact or maning in rligious popl imitating th prsonality of thir charismatic ladr. I thought it foolish at th tim and rgard it as somwhat sadly nurotic today. Now, don't misundrstand m, a pastor dos not nd to sound as though h is a scholar of th languags and a Harvard graduat, although h should hav som in dpth training in th formr. J. Vrnon McG was on th of th outstanding pastors of th 20 cntury, and h soundd lik a hick from th sticks. His thick southrn drawl blid his grat thological training, his background in th original languags and his knowldg of God's Word. H was rarly askd to put that into layman's trms bcaus h spok in layman's trms, yt still convyd th grat truth of th Scriptur, as can b attstd to by anyon who was hard him or studid undr him. If an unblivr happns to wandr into a church today, for whatvr rason, th pastor should b taching God's Word carfully, with rspct, from th pulpit. That is, it should not sound as though th pastor just thought this Adam Clark, Commntary on th Bibl; from -Sword, Dut. 4:6. J. Vrnon McG, Dutronomy, p. 30. From accssd May 12, 2015.

76 Dutronomy Chaptr up aftr watching som inspiring movi; it should sound as though H has complt rspct for God's Word and has spnt th last ight hours trying to discrn what is bing convy in th passag h is taching. Th congrgation should b allowd thir own spch pattrns and prsonality traits, outsid of ovrt sinful bhavior, of cours. And if an outgoing prson in th congrgation wants to say hllo to th nwcomr without intruding on thir privacy, fin; and if a shy mmbr of th congrgation dos not want to vn mak y contact with thm, that's fin. Whn it coms to th gospl, th convincing should b in th hands of th Holy Spirit. Thr ar wll ovr a hundrd ways to convy th gospl, thr is no pattrn that should b adhrd to othr than th basic truth that Jsus Christ paid for out sins, taking th pnalty for thm upon Himslf, thrby purchasing us from th slav markt of sin. Th only rspons rquird to achiv trnal salvation is to bliv in Him. No blivr should think that thr is a rquirmnt to rais his hand, walk forward to th front part of th church in a gush of motion (vry fw shy popl wr vr b savd if this wr a tnt of salvation), to join th church, to b baptizd, or to giv any public indication whatsovr that bliving in Jsus Christ has takn plac. Furthrmor, no unblivr should b mad to think that h must, right at th momnt, ddicat th rst of his lif to srving Jsus Christ, as His Lord and Savior. What a prson dos aftr salvation is strictly btwn him and God at that point. If th pastor is taching solid, corrct doctrin, thn thr is a good chanc that a formr unblivr will rturn. Howvr, progrss in th Christian lif following salvation is not an immdiat transformation, but somtims a vry gradual spiritual growth. Although som popl ar smingly transformd ovrnight, thir dvotion to God's Word that follows is th ky to thir tru spiritual growth. In short, th unblivr walking into a church, for whatvr rason, should not b struck by th notion that h is in a roomful of idiots from which h can hardly wait to xtricat himslf. Simpl ruls of courtsy and standing back and allowing God th Holy Spirit to do His job is all that is rquird from you, th congrgation. This translation of th nxt vrs is a bit tricky, whn takn litrally: Th Amplifid Bibl Th Emphasizd Bibl KJV NASB NIV Young's Lit. Translation For what grat nation is thr who has a god so nar to thm as th Lord our God is to us in all things for which w call upon Him? For what grat nation is thr which hath gods nigh unto it, lik Yahwh our god, whnsovr w hav crid out unto him? For what nation is thr so grat, that hath God so nigh unto thm, as th LORD our God is in all things that w call upon him for? For what grat nation is thr that has a god so nar to it as is th LORD our God whnvr w call on Him? What othr nation is so grat as to hav thir gods nar thm th way th LORD our God is nar us whnvr w pray to him? For which is th grat nation that hath God nar unto it, as Jhovah our God, in all w hav calld unto him? Surprisingly, thr is no dfinit articl with grat nation (Young is usually vry litral about this). And what nation grat who to him an lohim nar unto him lik Y howah our Elohim, in all our calling upon Him? Dutronomy 4:7 What othr nation has a god lik Jhovah our God, to Whom w call for hlp? Hr is how othrs hav translatd this vrs: Ancint txts: What grat nation [is thr] which has an lohim [= gods or god] nar to it lik Y howah our Elohim, with all our calling upon Him? Masortic Txt (Hbrw) And what nation grat who to him an lohim nar unto him lik Y howah our Elohim, in all our calling upon Him?

77 5401 Th Book of Dutronomy Targum of Onklos Jrusalm targum Latin Vulgat Pshitta (Syriac) Sptuagint (Grk) Significant diffrncs: For what popl so grat, to whom th Lord is so high in th Nam of th Word of th Lord? But th custom of (othr) nations is to carry thir gods upon thir shouldrs, that thy may sm to b nigh thm; but thy cannot har with thir ars, (b thy nigh or) b thy afar off; but th Word of th Lord sits upon His thron high and liftd up, and hars our prayr what tim w pray bfor Him and mak our ptitions. For what popl is so grat, who has God so nar to it as th Lord our God is, in vry hour that w cry unto Him, and H answrs us? Nithr is thr any othr nation so grat, that has gods so nar thm, as our God is prsnt to all our ptitions. For what nation is thr so grat, whos god is so nar to it as th LORD our God is in all things that w call upon him for? For what mannr of nation is so grat, which has God so nar to thm as th Lord our God is in all things in whatsovr w may call upon Him? Th Targum of Onklos has a lot of additional txt; and vn th txt not undrlind dos not match th Hbrw txt. Th Jrusalm targum adds som txt, which on might argu is implid by this vrs. Th final phras in th Latin is slightly diffrnt from th Hbrw. Limitd Vocabulary Translations: Bibl in Basic English Easy English Easy-to-Rad Vrsion Good Nws Bibl (TEV) Th Mssag NIRV Nw Simplifid Bibl For what grat nation has a god so nar to thm as th Lord our God is, whnvr w ar turnd to him in prayr? But th LORD our God is always nar to us whn w pray to him. It is not lik that for th popl in othr countris. Th Lord our God is nar whn w ask him to hlp us. No othr nation has a god lik that! "No othr nation, no mattr how grat, has a god who is so nar whn thy nd him as th LORD our God is to us. H answrs us whnvr w call for hlp. Ys. What othr grat nation has gods that ar intimat with thm th way God, our God, is with us, always rady to listn to us? Th LORD our God is nar us vry tim w pray to him. What othr nation is grat nough to hav its gods that clos to thm?»what grat nation is thr, who has God so nar to thm? For w call on Jhovah our God for all things! Thought-for-thought translations; paraphrass: Common English Bibl Th Living Bibl Nw Brkly Vrsion Nw Cntury Vrsion Aftr all, is thr any grat nation that has gods[a] as clos to it as th Lord our God is clos to us whnvr w call to him? For what othr nation, grat or small, has God among thm, as th Lord our God is hr among us whnvr w call upon him? For what grat nation is thr, which Holy Spirit gods so nar as th LORD our God is to us, vry tim w implor Him? No othr nation is as grat as w ar. Thir gods do not com nar thm, but th Lord our God coms nar whn w pray to him. Partially litral and partially paraphrasd translations: Amrican English Bibl Nw Advnt (Knox) Bibl 'Why, what othr nation is so grat that thy hav a God as clos to thm as our God Jhovah is [to us], so that w may call to Him about vrything? And indd no othr nation is so grat; no othr nation has gods that draw nar to it, as our God draws nar to us whnvr w pray to him

78 Dutronomy Chaptr Today s NIV Translation for Translators What othr nation is so grat [vr 32-34; 2Sa 7:23] as to hav thir gods nar [S Nu 23:21 ; S Ps 46:1 ; Isa 55:6 Ac 17:27 ] thm th way th LORD our God is nar us whnvr w pray to him? Evn if othr nations ar grat, thr is non [RHQ] of thm that has a god who is as nar to thm as Yahwh our God is to us! Whnvr w call out to him to hlp us, h answrs/hlps us! Mostly litral rndrings (with som occasional paraphrasing): Ancint Roots Translinar Frrar-Fnton Bibl Jubil Bibl 2000 Lxham English Bibl NIV UK For whos grat nation has a God as nar to thm, as Yahwh our God for any-thing w call to him? " For what nation is so grat as to possss gods in its brast? As our EVER-LIVING God is to us in all w ask of Him? For what nation is thr so grat who has God so nigh unto thm, as th LORD our God is in all things that w call upon him for? For what grat nation has for it a god nar to it as Yahwh our God, whnvr [Litrally "in vry mattr/vry tim w call "] w call upon him? What othr nation is so grat as to hav thir gods nar thm th way th Lord our God is nar us whnvr w pray to him? Catholic Bibls (thos having th imprimatur): Christian Community (1988) For in truth, is thr a nation as grat as ours, whos gods ar as nar to it as Yahwh, our God, is to us whnvr w call upon him? Th Hritag Bibl For what grat nation is thr that has Elohiym so nar to it, as Yahuwah our Eloah is to us, for whatvr rason w may call upon Him? Nw Jrusalm Bibl And indd, what grat nation has its gods as nar as Yahwh our God is to us whnvr w call to him? Jwish/Hbrw Nams Bibls: Complt Jwish Bibl xgss companion Bibl JPS (Tanakh 1985) Judaica Prss Complt T. Kaplan Translation Orthodox Jwish Bibl Rstord Nams Vrsion For what grat nation is thr that has God as clos to thm as ADONAI our God is, whnvr w call on him? For what goyim, so grat, who has Elohim so nigh thm, as Yah Vh our Elohim, for all w call on him? For what grat nation is thr that has a god so clos at hand as is th Lord our God whnvr w call upon Him? For what grat nation is thr that has God so nar to it, as th Lord our God is at all tims that w call upon Him? What nation is so grat that thy hav God clos to it, as God our Lord is, whnvr w call Him? For what nation is thr so grat, who hath lohim so nar unto thm, as Hashm Elohinu is in all things for which w call upon Him? For what grat nation is thr that has Elohiym so nar to it, as Yahuwah our Eloah is to us, for whatvr rason w may call upon Him? Expandd/Embllishd Bibls: Th Expandd Bibl Th Gnva Bibl L No [ What.?] othr nation is as grat as w ar. Thir gods do not com nar thm, but th Lord our God coms nar whn w pray to him. For what nation [is thr so] grat, who [hath] God [so] nigh unto thm, as th LORD our God [is] in all [things that] w call upon him [for]? Hlping us, and dlivring us out of all dangrs, as in ( 2 Samul 7:23 ).

79 5403 Th Book of Dutronomy Krtzmann s Commntary NET Bibl Th Voic For what nation is thr so grat, who hath God so nigh unto thm, in whos midst God has rvald Himslf in so opn and dfinit a mannr, as th Lord, our God, is in all things that w call upon Him for? Isral was th only nation with which Jhovah had ntrd into such a covnant rlation, which was sur at all tims of His almighty assistanc, Psalm 34:19; Psalm 145:18. In fact, what othr grat nation has a god so nar to thm lik th Lord our God whnvr w call on him? Indd, what othr nation is so grat that it has a god that compars to th Etrnal our God as H is nar to us whnvr w call on Him? Litral, almost word-for-word, rndrings: Concordant Litral Vrsion Darby Translation Emphasizd Bibl English Standard Vrsion Grn s Litral Translation God s Truth (Tyndal) Nw King Jams Vrsion Wbstr s Bibl Translation Young s Updatd LT Th gist of this vrs: For what grat nation is thr which has lohim so nar to it as Yahwh our Elohim is in all that w call to Him? For what grat nation is thr that hath God nar to thm as Jhovah our God is in vrything w call upon him for? For what grat nation is thr which hath gods nigh unto it, lik Yahwh our God, whnsovr w hav crid out unto him. For what grat nation is thr that has a god so nar to it as th LORD our God is to us, whnvr w call upon him? For who is a grat nation whos God is coming nar to thm, as Jhovah your God is, in all our calling on Him? For what nation is so grat that has gods so nar unto him: as th Lord our God is nar unto us, in all things, whn w call unto him? "For what grat nation is thr that has God so nar to it, as th LORD our God is to us, for whatvr rason w may call upon Him? For what nation [is thr so] grat, which [hath] God [so] nigh to thm, as th LORD our God [is] in all [things that] w call upon him [for]? For which is th grat nation that has God nar unto it, as Jhovah our God, in all w hav calld unto Him? Moss asks ths popl, is thr any othr nation that can call upon God (thir god) and H (h) answrs thm? Dutronomy 4:7 Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs kîy (ëìäé) [pronouncd k] for, that, bcaus; whn, at that tim, which, what tim xplanatory or tmporal conjunction; prposition Strong's #3588 BDB #471 mîy (îäé) [pronouncd m] who, whom; whos, whomvr; what; occasionally rndrd how, in what way pronominal intrrogativ; th vrb to b may b implid Strong s #4310 BDB #566 Undr som circumstancs, th mîy pronominal intrrogativ can xprss a wish or a dsir, as in 2Sam. 15:4 67 or 23:15. gôwy (âìåéé) [pronouncd GOH-] popl, nation masculin singular noun Strong s #1471 BDB # Th Brown-Drivr-Briggs Hbrw and English Lxicon; Hndrickson Publishrs; h1996; p. 566.

80 Dutronomy Chaptr Dutronomy 4:7 Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs gâdôwl (âìèãåéì) [pronouncd gaw-dohl] larg, grat or mighty [in powr, nobility, walth; in numbr, or magnitud and xtnt], loud; ldr, oldr, important, distinguishd; vast, unyilding, immutabl, significant, astonishing masculin singular adjctiv Strong s #1419 BDB #152 ãshr (àâéùæø) [pronouncd uh-sher] that, which, whn, who, whom; whr rlativ pronoun Strong's #834 BDB #81 lâmd (ìà) [pronouncd l ] to, for, towards, in rgards to dirctional/rlational prposition with th 3 rd prson masculin singular suffix No Strong s # BDB #510 ìlôhîym (àìéääéí) [pronouncd l-o-heem] gods, forign gods, god; God; rulrs, judgs; suprhuman ons, angls; translitratd lohim, Elohim masculin plural noun Strong's #430 BDB #43 Contxt invitably tlls us whthr this is th God, th Crator of th Univrs, or forign gods, which ar th rsult of frtil imagination at bst and rprsntativ of dmons at worst. Thy ar distinguishd in a varity of ways (1) thr will b th word othr associatd with th Hbrw word (Ex. 20:3 23:13 Joshua 24:2); (2) thr will b a modifying word to indicat that gods is diffrnt from th God (Ex. 18:11); (3) th word gods is spcifically diffrntiatd from Y howah in th immdiat contxt (Ex. 22:19); (4) God would b associatd with a singular vrb (Dut. 4:34) and gods with plural vrbs (Ex. 32:1, 23); (5) or gods will b modifid by forign or of th Gntils (Gn. 35:2, 4 Dut. 31:16 2Kings 18:33). qârôb ( ÈøÉá) or qârôwb ( ÈøåÉá) [pronouncd kaw- B RO V] nar [in plac or tim], contiguous, imminnt, within a short pac; short, shortnss; nar in rlation, intimat acquaintanc; that which is familiar to us; on who brings aid to anothr; soon, prsntly masculin plural adjctiv; can b usd as a substantiv Strong s #7138 BDB #898 l (àæì) [pronouncd hl] unto; into, among, in; toward, to; against; concrning, rgarding; bsids, togthr with; as to dirctional prposition (rspct or dfrnc may b implid) with th rd 3 prson masculin singular suffix Strong's #413 BDB #39 kaph or k (ëìà) [pronouncd k ] lik, as, according to; about, approximatly prposition No Strong s # BDB #453 YHWH (éäåä) [pronunciation is possibly yhoh-wah] translitratd variously as Jhovah, Yahwh, Y howah propr noun Strong s #3068 BDB #217

81 5405 Th Book of Dutronomy Dutronomy 4:7 Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs Ìlôhîym (àìéääéí) [pronouncd l-o-heem] God; gods, forign gods, god; rulrs, judgs; suprhuman ons, angls; translitratd Elohim masculin plural noun st with th 1 prson plural suffix Strong's #430 BDB #43 h b (áìà) [pronouncd b ] in, into, through; at, by, nar, on, upon; with, bfor, against; by mans of; among; within a prposition of proximity Strong s# non BDB #88 kôl (ëìéì) [pronouncd kohl] vry, ach, all of, all; any of, any masculin singular construct not followd by a dfinit articl Strong s #3605 BDB #481 Litrally, in all. Although I don t hav this in th lxicons, it is rndrd by th most litral translations as among all, through all, throughout all, with all. qârâ ( ÈøÈà) [pronouncd kaw-raw] to call, to proclaim, to rad, to call to, to call out to, to assmbl, to summon; to call, to nam [whn followd by a lâmd] Qal infinitiv construct st with th 1 prson plural suffix Strong's #7121 BDB #894 l (àæì) [pronouncd hl] unto; into, among, in; toward, to; against; concrning, rgarding; bsids, togthr with; as to dirctional prposition (rspct or dfrnc may b implid) with th rd 3 prson masculin singular suffix Strong's #413 BDB #39 Translation: What grat nation [is thr] which has an lohim [= gods or god] nar to it lik Y howah our Elohim, with all our calling upon Him [for hlp]? W will intrprt this to rfrnc a god (or, gods) of som random nation. Is thr som grat nation that thos in Moss audinc could cit who hav a god or gods upon whom thy can call for hlp? Th Isralits hav gon through th dsrt for 40 yars. Thr ar som things which God has don for thm that thy do not vn raliz is xtraordinary. Thir clothing and sandals did not war out. Now, if you ar a young prson or born in th dsrt, this is all you hav known. Thrfor, you tak it for grantd. Th maning is clar th arth is filld with grat nations, thos with a larg numbr of popl, an imprssiv cultur, grat ducation, a strong military but non of ths nations had Y howah God. Thy had thir national gods, all of whom had dmons lurking bhind in th shadows, but Isral was ld by th ral thing, th Crator of th Univrs. God was clos nough to call to Him and H would answr thm. This narnss of Y howah is tstifid to throughout Scriptur: "Am I a God Who is nar," dclars Y howah, "And not a God far off? Can a man hid himslf in hiding placs, so that I do not s him?" dclars Y howah. "Do I not fill th havns and th arth?" dclars Y howah (Jr. 23:23 24). Y howah is nar to all who call upon Him. To all who call upon Him in truth. H will fulfill th dsir of thos who far Him; H will also har thir cry and will dlivr thm (Psalm 145:18 19; s also Psalm 148:14). Th tabrnacl was th visibl prsnc of God in th camp, as was th pillar of fir and th cloud; howvr, any on of Isral could call upon Him. God is our rfug and strngth, a vry prsnt hlp in troubl. Thrfor, w will not far, though th arth should chang, and though th mountains slip into th hart of th sa (Psalm 46:1 2). "Th God Who mad th world and all things in it, sinc H is Lord of havn and arth, dos not dwll in tmpls mad with hands; and H mad from on vry nation

82 Dutronomy Chaptr of mankind to liv on all th fac of th arth, having dtrmind appointd tims and th boundaris of thir habitation, that thy should sk God, if prhaps thy might grop for Him and find Him, though H is not far from ach on of us. For in Him w liv and mov and xist, as vn som of your own pots hav said, 'For w also ar His offspring.' " (Acts 27:24, 26 28). That th Jws could call upon God is tstifid to in Dut. 33:29 Psalm 34: :18 1Kings 2:7. Th Easy English Bibl Commntary: Th *Isralits could pray to th *LORD at any tim. Always th *LORD was with his popl. In othr nations, thir gods wr distant. Thos gods wr fals and not ral. Thrfor, thy could not har and thy could not answr prayr. But *Isral's God showd that h was with thm. Thr was th spcial tnt in th cntr of th camp. God mt with Moss thr and h spok with Moss. All through thir journy in th *dsrt, th *LORD ld thm. Thr was a cloud by day and a fir at night to show that th *LORD was with thm. Whn thy movd, th cloud 68 and th fir wnt ahad of thm to guid thm. On of th wondrful passags in th Word of God, is whr Elijah chids thos who bliv in fals gods, and Elijah wants to giv th fals prophts of his day som tim for thir gods to rspond. 1Kings 18:25 29 Thn Elijah said to th prophts of Baal, "Choos for yourslvs on bull and prpar it first, for you ar many, and call upon th nam of your god, but put no fir to it." And thy took th bull that was givn thm, and thy prpard it and calld upon th nam of Baal from morning until noon, saying, "O Baal, answr us!" But thr was no voic, and no on answrd. And thy limpd around th altar that thy had mad. And at noon Elijah mockd thm, saying, "Cry aloud, for h is a god. Eithr h is musing, or h is rliving himslf, or h is on a journy, or prhaps h is aslp and must b awaknd." And thy crid aloud and cut thmslvs aftr thir custom with swords and lancs, until th blood gushd out upon thm. And as midday passd, thy ravd on until th tim of th offring of th oblation, but thr was no voic. No on answrd; no on paid attntion. But Elijah s God hard him and answrd him. V. 7 rads: What grat nation [is thr] which has an lohim [= gods or god] nar to it lik Y howah our Elohim, with all our calling upon Him [for hlp]? Thr is no nation in human history whr th popl hav a god thy can call upon, as Isral could call upon Y howah. Thomas Constabl: "Th thology of th nations at larg taught that th suprm gods wr rmot and inaccssibl [a form of dism]. Though thy wr prcivd in highly anthropomorphic trms, thy also wr thought to b so busy and proccupid with thir own affairs that thy could scarcly tak notic of thir dvots xcpt whn thy ndd thm. [Not: M. Eliad, Th Sacrd and th Profan, pp ] It was in contrast to ths notions, thn, that Moss drw attntion to th Lord, God of Isral, who, though uttrly transcndnt and wholly diffrnt from humankind, paradoxically livs and movs among thm." [Not: Mrrill, Dutronomy, p. 117.] "In this xposition of th way of th covnant as th way of wisdom, th foundation was laid in th Torah for th Wisdom litratur 69 which was aftrwards to find its plac in th sacrd canon." [Not: Klin, "Dutronomy," p. 161.]. Ptr Ptt: [This] vrs is not saying that Isral blivd in th xistnc of othr gods. It is rathr making clar that th gods othr nations blivd in wr far off and unral. W qually today spak of th gods of othr rligions without bliving in thm. But th history of Moss dmonstrats that h crtainly blivd and knw that thr was only on God Who was totally irrsistibl and uniqu. And this will b dmonstratd furthr whn h dclars that th tru God has no form or shap. (Dutronomy 4:12; Dutronomy 4:15). Th corollary is that thos with form or shap ar no gods, 70 but ar of th arth. Application: Lif in th Unitd Stats is prtty much a dram bcaus of our rlationship to God as a nation. W hav no ida how grat our livs ar. W hav good claning watr coming to vry hous; w hav swag From accssd May 15, From accssd May 15, From accssd May 12, 2015.

83 5407 Th Book of Dutronomy systms which tak th wast away; w hav lctricity, air conditioning, hating, tc. All of this stuff is not normal for th world. Evn th poor of our land njoy much gratr convnincs that vn kings of a hundrd or mor yars ago. Thr ar far mor popl who lack 1 or mor of ths things than hav thm all. So w tak thm for grantd. If our watr or AC gos out, som of us hav a caniption fit, as if our world is going to nd. What out govrnmnt dols out for fr is quit rmarkabl. Th Facts About Povrty in Amrica By Robrt Rctor (th Hritag Foundation) Fbruary 7, 2012 Mitt Romny dclard last wk that, if lctd prsidnt, h would focus on rstoring th fortuns of th middl class, not th poor. In a widly circulatd rmark, Romny said in an intrviw on CNN: "I'm not concrnd about th vry poor. W hav a safty nt thr. If it is brok, I'll fix it." Undoubtdly, Romny would lik to rphras his commnt. On Friday, h said h misspok. Th facts about povrty, howvr, ar clar: Amrica's poor ar supportd by an normous and xpnsiv govrnmnt safty nt. Th fdral govrnmnt oprats mor than 70 mans-tstd wlfar or anti-povrty programs, among thm Tmporary Assistanc to Ndy Familis (TANF), th arnd incom crdit, Supplmntal Scurity Incom, Food Stamps, th Womn Infants and Childrn (WIC) food program, Mdicaid, public housing, low-incom nrgy assistanc and th Social Srvic Block Grant. Ths programs provid cash, food, housing, mdical car and targtd srvics to poor and nar-poor Amricans. In fiscal yar 2011, fdral and stat govrnmnt spnt $910 billion on ths programs. (This sum dos not includ Social Scurity, Mdicar or Unmploymnt Insuranc.) How much is $910 billion? Wll, that coms to around $9,000 for ach lowr-incom Amrican. Fdral mans-tstd wlfar spnding has jumpd 40 prcnt sinc Prsidnt Obama took offic. Of cours, it is not unrasonabl for wlfar spnding to ris during a rcssion. But th big scrt is that, undr Obama's budgt plans, this spnding will not go back down whn th rcssion nds. According to th prsidnt's budgt documnts, fdral and stat spnding on mans-tstd programs will ris to $1.2 trillion pr yar by In that yar, th Unitd Stats will spnd two dollars on wlfar for vry dollar spnt on national dfns. By 2021, wlfar spnding will hit $1.5 trillion pr yar. If Obama has his way, taxpayrs will pay $11.9 trillion for mans-tstd wlfar programs ovr th nxt dcad, financing th prsidnt's goal to prptually "sprad th walth." That's about $350,000 in anti-povrty aid for ach lowr-incom houshold in th U.S. Discussions about wlfar and povrty in Amrica oftn ar confusd by a lack of undrstanding about what it mans to b "poor" in th U.S. Last yar th Cnsus Burau rportd that 46 million Amricans wr poor. For most Amricans, th word "povrty" suggsts nar dstitution: an inability to provid on's family with nutritious food, clothing and rasonabl shltr. Howvr, only a small numbr of th millions classifid as "poor" by th govrnmnt fit that dscription. Although ral matrial hardship dos occur, it is limitd in scop and svrity. Hr ar som facts about prsons dfind as "poor" by th Cnsus Burau, takn from various govrnmnt rports: 80 prcnt of poor housholds hav air conditioning. Narly thr-fourths hav a car or truck, and 31 prcnt hav two or mor cars or trucks.

84 Dutronomy Chaptr Th Facts About Povrty in Amrica By Robrt Rctor (th Hritag Foundation) Narly two-thirds hav cabl or satllit tlvision. Half hav a prsonal computr, and on in svn hav two or mor computrs. 43 prcnt hav Intrnt accss. On-third hav a wid-scrn plasma or LCD tlvision. On-fourth hav a digital vido rcordr systm, such as a TiVo. Mor than half of poor familis with childrn hav a vido gam systm, such as an Xbox or PlayStation. Although th mainstram mdia sprad alarming storis about widsprad hungr in th nation, in rality most of th poor do not xprinc hungr or food shortags. Th U.S. Dpartmnt of Agricultur tlls us that 96 prcnt of poor parnts rport thir childrn wr nvr hungry at any tim during th yar bcaus thy couldn't afford food. Govrnmnt survys show th avrag consumption of protin, vitamins and minrals is virtually th sam for poor and middl-class childrn and wll abov rcommndd norms in most cass. Evn during th currnt rcssion, four out of fiv poor adults rportd nvr bing hungry anytim in th prior yar du to lack of mony for food. Tlvision nwscasts about povrty gnrally portray th poor as homlss individuals or as a dstitut family living in an ovrcrowdd, dilapidatd trailr. Th actual facts ar far diffrnt: Ovr th cours of a yar, just 4 prcnt of poor prsons in th U.S. bcom tmporarily homlss. Only 9.5 prcnt of th poor liv in mobil homs or trailrs. By contrast, 90 prcnt liv in singl-family dtachd houss, townhouss or apartmnts. Th homs of th poor ar gnrally in good rpair and rarly ovrcrowdd. In fact, th typical poor Amrican has a largr hous or apartmnt than dos th avrag non-poor prson in Swdn, Grmany, Franc or th Unitd Kingdom. Dos th rlativ absnc of matrial dprivation among th poor show that wlfar stat has bn succssful? Th answr is a qualifid ys. Aftr all, not vn th govrnmnt can spnd $9,000 pr prson annually without having som short-trm impact on living conditions. But to truly assss th wlfar stat, w nd to rmmbr Lyndon B. Johnson's original goal in launching th War on Povrty in Prsidnt Johnson said his objctiv was to rmov "th causs, not just th consquncs of povrty." H proclaimd: "Our aim is not only to rliv th symptom of povrty, but to cur it and, abov all, to prvnt it." LBJ wasn't proposing a massiv systm of vr-incrasing wlfar bnfits, dold out to an vr-growing population of bnficiaris. His actual goal was to incras slf-sufficincy in futur gnrations, to nabl Amricans to lift thmslvs out of povrty without govrnmnt handouts. H actually promisd to rduc, not incras, wlfar dpndnc. H sought to transform th dpndnt poor by rmoving thir nd for aid and making "taxpayrs out of tax-atrs." Judgd by thos standards, th War on Povrty has bn an astonishing failur. Taxpayrs hav spnt ovr $17 trillion on mans-tstd wlfar, but th poor ar lss capabl of Johnson's original aim of slf-sufficint prosprity than whn th War on Povrty bgan narly 50 yars ago. Th Amrican work thic has rodd. Evn in th bst of conomic tims, th poor work vry littl. Wors, marriag has collapsd in low-incom communitis. At th outst of th War on Povrty, 7 prcnt of childrn wr born outsid marriag; today, th annual rat is 42 prcnt. Th disapparanc of marriag is th principal caus of child povrty and wlfar dpndnc today. Tragically, th wlfar systm is mor lik a "safty bog" than a safty nt. Srving as an altrnativ to slf-support, wlfar has rodd work and crushd family structur. Rathr than lifting up th poor, th wlfar

85 5409 Th Book of Dutronomy Th Facts About Povrty in Amrica By Robrt Rctor (th Hritag Foundation) stat has pushd thm down into intrgnrational dpndnc and social marginality. What is to b don? Th answr is to rsurrct Johnson's original goal. Wlfar's aim should not b to provid vr gratr govrnmnt hand-outs. Instad, w should focus on promoting prosprous slf-sufficincy, incrasing th numbr of Amricans who can support thmslvs abov povrty without wlfar. Work is ky. Whn th conomy rvivs, abl-bodid rcipints of mans-tstd wlfar aid should b rquird to work or prpar for work as a condition of rciving aid. Evn mor important is th rstoration of strong, halthy familis. Our nation should liminat pnaltis against marriag in wlfar programs and launch a proactiv campaign to rstor marriag in communitis whr it has vanishd. Th currnt wlfar systm has srvd nithr th poor nor th taxpayr wll. Th answr is not to spnd mor, but to compltly ovrhaul th systm. Robrt Rctor, a lading authority on povrty and th wlfar systm, is snior rsarch fllow in domstic policy at Th Hritag Foundation. From Hritag.org; and a mor complt articl is found hr. Accssd May 3, Chaptr Outlin Charts, Graphics and Short Doctrins I hav prsonally don work in a hous whr th popl wr bing supportd by wlfar. Ths wr ablbodid young popl half my ag, with normal physical capabilitis. I was thr doing work in th middl of a work day, and thr wr svral adults and nar adults gathrd around th tlvision at this tim. Som of th problms thy wr unabl to rpair wr, light fixturs that did not work bcaus th light bulb had burnd out. I assum that this is somthing that thy had th ability to rpair (i.., buying a nw light bulb and rplacing th old on), but thr was no nd to do that. Thy had m, a prson who workd for a living, to do it for thm for fr. Thy had an abundanc of food, a vry nic hous, cabl tlvision, th intrnt, cll phons so what was thir motivation to work? Thy had non. In fact, work would rprsnt possibly a loss in lifstyl coupld with 40 hours dvotd to working, whn thy could b watching tlvision instad. I hav obsrvd this with a numbr of familis, of varying ags; non of whom lackd th ability to work but thy lackd th driv or motivation to work. Work is fundamntal to any socity; and it is fundamntal to th walk of th blivr in Jsus Christ. Work is found in prfct nvironmnt; in a falln world, and in th Millnnium. It is a basic institution dvisd by God. W mak a grav rror in our socity making lif asy for thos who do not work. Prsonally, I am not against a safty nt for thos who actually nd it. Howvr, for th most part, NO ONE in thir 20's, 30's or 40's, unlss thy ar svrly disabld, should b on any kind of wlfar assistanc. Th fdral govrnmnt spnds about a trillion dollars a yar toward various wlfar bnfits. Our fdral govrnmnt should spnd $0/yar on wlfar bnfits; and vry city and stat ought to mak such dcisions on a mor local lvl. Many tims, thr will b privat solutions to wlfar nds (Christian organizations oftn provid food, housing, clothing and vn counsling for thos who ar without). For som blivrs in Jsus Christ, this is thir calling in lif. If this can b don apart from tax dollars, that is what should b don. Lt ach community dcid for thmslvs. So, thr is no misundrstanding, do I bliv that this common sns approach will vr occur? Highly unlikly. I s a continud downward spiral for th Unitd Stats (basd on historical trnds; not basd upon som gift of prophcy).

86 Dutronomy Chaptr And what nation grat which to him statuts And what [othr] grat nation had rightous and ordinancs rightous on as all th law Dutronomy statuts and ordinancs lik all this Law which th this which I am giving to your facs th 4:8 I st bfor you this day? day? And what othr grat nation is thr which has such rightous status and ordinancs lik thos of this Law which I hav put bfor you this day? Hr is how othrs hav translatd this vrs: Ancint txts: Masortic Txt (Hbrw) Targum of Onklos Latin Vulgat Pshitta (Syriac) Sptuagint (Grk) Significant diffrncs: And what nation grat which to him statuts and ordinancs rightous on as all th law th this which I am giving to your facs th day? And what popl hav statuts and right judgmnts according to all this law which I ordr bfor you this day? For what othr nation is thr so rnownd that has crmonis, and just judgmnts, and all th law, which I will st forth this day bfor our ys? And what nation is thr so grat, that has laws and judgmnts so rightous as all this law which I st bfor you this day? And what mannr of nation is so grat, which has rightous statuts and judgmnts according to all this law, which I st bfor you this day? Non. Limitd Vocabulary Translations: Bibl in Basic English Easy English Easy-to-Rad Vrsion Good Nws Bibl (TEV) Th Mssag Nams of God Bibl NIRV Nw Simplifid Bibl And what grat nation has laws and dcisions so right as all this law which I put bfor you today? And popl from othr countris do not hav th good ruls that you hav in this Law. This is th Law that I am putting in front of you today. And no othr nation is grat nough to hav laws and ruls as good as th tachings I giv you today. No othr nation, no mattr how grat, has laws so just as thos that I hav taught you today. And what othr grat nation has ruls and rgulations as good and fair as this Rvlation that I'm stting bfor you today? Or what othr grat nation has such fair laws and ruls as all ths tachings I am giving you today? I'm giving you th laws of th LORD today. What othr nation is grat nough to hav ruls and laws as fair as ths?»and what grat nation is thr that has statuts and judgmnts so rightous as th law I prsnt to you this day? Thought-for-thought translations; paraphrass: Common English Bibl Th Living Bibl Nw Cntury Vrsion Nw Living Translation Or dos any grat nation hav rgulations and cas laws as rightous as all this Instruction that I am stting bfor you today? And what nation, no mattr how grat, has laws as fair as ths I am giving you today? And no othr nation has such good tachings and commands as thos I am giving to you today. And what grat nation has dcrs and rgulations as rightous and fair as this body of instructions that I am giving you today?

87 5411 Th Book of Dutronomy Partially litral and partially paraphrasd translations: Amrican English Bibl Intrnational Standard V Nw Advnt (Knox) Bibl Today s NIV Translation for Translators And what othr nation has ruls and dcisions that ar as rightous as all ths laws that I'm stting bfor you today? And what grat nation has all th dcrs and rightous ordinancs lik all this taching that I'm giving you today? What othr nation can boast that it has obsrvancs and dcrs so rightly ordrd as w hav in this law of ours, this law which I am stting bfor your ys to-day? And what othr nation is so grat as to hav such rightous dcrs and laws [Psalm 89:14 ; 97:2 ; 119:7,62,144,160,172 ; Ro 3:2] as this body of laws I am stting bfor you today? And thr is no [RHQ] othr nation, vn if it is a grat nation, that has laws that ar as just/fair as th laws that I am tlling to you today. Mostly litral rndrings (with som occasional paraphrasing): Ancint Roots Translinar Frrar-Fnton Bibl Lxham English Bibl NIV UK Whos grat nation, has any dcr and rightous vrdict as this Torah, which I giv in front of you this day? And what nation is so grat possssing institutions and dcrs lik ths laws that I put bfor you to-day? And what othr grat nation has for it [Litrally "which/that is for him it"] just ruls and rgulations just lik [Litrally "as"] this whol [Litrally "all of"] law that I am stting bfor [Litrally "to th fac of"] you today [Litrally "th day"]? And what othr nation is so grat as to hav such rightous dcrs and laws as this body of laws I am stting bfor you today? Catholic Bibls (thos having th imprimatur): Christian Community (1988) Th Hritag Bibl Nw Amrican Bibl (2011) Nw Jrusalm Bibl Rvisd English Bibl And is thr a nation as grat as ours whos norms and laws ar as just as this Law which I giv you today? And who is a popl so grat, whos nactmnts and judgmnts ar so rightous as all this law, which I giv bfor your fac this day? Or what grat nation has statuts and ordinancs that ar as just as this whol law which I am stting bfor you today? Dt 4:44. And what grat nation has laws and customs as upright as th ntirty of this Law which I am laying down for you today? What grat nation is thr whos statuts and laws ar so just, as is all this cod of laws which I am stting bfor you today? Jwish/Hbrw Nams Bibls: Complt Jwish Bibl xgss companion Bibl JPS (Tanakh 1985) Kaplan Translation Orthodox Jwish Bibl Th Scripturs 1998 What grat nation is thr that has laws and rulings as just as this ntir Torah which I am stting bfor you today? And what goyim, so grat, whos statuts and judgmnts as just as all this torah, which I st at your fac this day? Or what grat nation has laws and ruls as prfct as all this Taching that I st bfor you this day? What nation is so grat that thy hav such rightous ruls and laws, lik this ntir Torah that I am prsnting bfor you today? And what nation is thr so grat, that hath chukkim and mishpatim tzaddikim as all this torah, which I st bfor you today? And what grat nation is thr that has such laws and rightous right-rulings lik all this Torah which I st bfor you this day?

88 Dutronomy Chaptr Expandd/Embllishd Bibls: Th Amplifid Bibl Th Expandd Bibl Krtzmann s Commntary NET Bibl Th Voic And what larg and important nation has statuts and ordinancs so upright and just as all this law which I st bfor you today? L And no [ What.?] othr nation has such good tachings [statuts; ordinancs; rquirmnts] and commands as thos I am giving to you today. And what nation is thr so grat that hath statuts and judgmnts so rightous as all this Law which I st bfor you this day? All tru rightousnss of lif has its roots in God, and th mor th knowldg of th tru God is darknd, th mor is th foundation of all tru law and ordr shakn to its vry dpths. And what othr grat nation has statuts and ordinancs as just [Or "pur"; or "fair"; Hb "rightous."] as this whol law that I am about to shar with [Hb "plac bfor."] you today? What othr nation is so grat that it has ruls and judgmnts as just as th ons containd in this whol law I'm prsnting to you today? Th Lord chooss Isral from among all th nations to b His own popl; but that choic, paradoxically, is for th sak of all th othr nations too. Isral is supposd to crat a modl socity, following His laws, and this is supposd to attract othr nations to tru faith in Him. Most of th Old Tstamnt dscribs how th Lord is at work in clos rlationship with on nation. But it also provids continual glimpss, lik this on, of th way that rlationship is dsignd to b a vhicl to rach all nations. Th "law" is a complx lgal cod dsignd to build a nw socity out of formr dsrt wandrrs. Litral, almost word-for-word, rndrings: Concordant Litral Vrsion Contxt Group Vrsion Emphasizd Bibl English Standard V. UK God s Truth (Tyndal) NASB Nw King Jams Vrsion World English Bibl Young s Updatd LT Th gist of this vrs: And what grat nation is thr which has statuts and judgmnts so rightous as all this law that I am putting bfor you today? And what grat nation is thr, that has statuts and ordinancs so vindicatd as all this law, which I st bfor you {pl} this day? Or what grat nation which hath rightous statuts and rgulations, lik all this law, which, I, am stting bfor you to-day? And what grat nation is thr, that has statuts and ruls so rightous as all this law that I st bfor you today? Ya, and what nation is so grat that has ordinancs and laws so rightous, as all this law which I st bfor you this day. Or what grat nation is thr that has statuts and judgmnts as rightous as this whol law which I am stting bfor you today? And what grat nation is thr that has such statuts and rightous judgmnts as ar in all this law which I st bfor you this day? What grat nation is thr, that has statuts and ordinancs so rightous as all this law, which I st bfor you this day? And which is th grat nation which has rightous statuts and judgmnts according to all this law which I am stting bfor you today? Moss asks th Isralits, what othr nation has such wis statuts and judgmnts as you hav?

89 5413 Th Book of Dutronomy Dutronomy 4:8 Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs w (or v ) (åà or åì) [pronouncd wh] and, vn, thn; namly; whn; sinc, that; though; as wll as simpl wâw conjunction No Strong s # BDB #251 mîy (îäé) [pronouncd m] who, whom; whos, whomvr; what; occasionally rndrd how, in what way pronominal intrrogativ; th vrb to b may b implid Strong s #4310 BDB #566 gôwy (âìåéé) [pronouncd GOH-] popl, nation masculin singular noun Strong s #1471 BDB #156 gâdôwl (âìèãåéì) [pronouncd gaw-dohl] larg, grat or mighty [in powr, nobility, walth; in numbr, or magnitud and xtnt], loud; ldr, oldr, important, distinguishd; vast, unyilding, immutabl, significant, astonishing masculin singular adjctiv Strong s #1419 BDB #152 ãshr (àâéùæø) [pronouncd uh-sher] that, which, whn, who, whom; whr rlativ pronoun Strong's #834 BDB #81 lâmd (ìà) [pronouncd l ] to, for, towards, in rgards to dirctional/rlational prposition with th 3 rd prson masculin singular suffix No Strong s # BDB #510 chuqqîym (çë ÌÄéí) [pronouncd khook- KEEM] dcrs, thos things which ar dcrd; statuts; boundaris, dfind limitations; appointd portions of labor, tasks masculin plural noun Strong's #2706 BDB #349 w (or v ) (åà or åì) [pronouncd wh] and, vn, thn; namly; whn; sinc, that; though; as wll as simpl wâw conjunction No Strong s # BDB #251 mîsh pâþîym (îäùàôìèèäéí) [pronouncd mish -paw- TEEM] laws; judgmnts; appals; rsponsibilitis; privilgs; customs; justic; vrdicts rndrd by a judg, judicial dcisions, judicial sntncs masculin plural noun Strong's #4941 BDB #1048 tsaddîyq (öçãìäé ) [pronouncd tsahd- DEEK] just, rightous, justifid, vindicatd; absolut or prfct rightousnss [if applid to God] masculin plural adjctiv, oftn usd as a substantiv Strong s #6662 BDB #843 kaph or k (ëìà) [pronouncd k ] lik, as, according to; about, approximatly prposition No Strong s # BDB #453 kôl (ëìéì) [pronouncd kohl] th whol, all of, th ntirty of, all; can also b rndrd any of masculin singular construct followd by a dfinit articl Strong s #3605 BDB #481

90 Dutronomy Chaptr Dutronomy 4:8 Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs tôwrah (èåéøçä or èéøçä) [pronouncd TOH-rah] instruction, doctrin; [human and divin] law, dirction, rgulations, protocol; custom; translitratd Torah fminin singular noun with th dfinit articl Strong s #8451 and #8452 BDB #435 zô th (æéàú) [pronouncd zoth] hr, this, thus fminin singular of zh; dmonstrativ pronoun, advrb; with th dfinit articl Strong s #2063 (& 2088, 2090) BDB #260 Th NET Bibl: Th Hbrw phras äçúìåéøèä äçæìéàú (hattorah hazzo t), in this contxt, rfrs spcifically to th Book of Dutronomy. That is, it is th collction of all th çë ÌÄéí (khuqqim, statuts, 4:1) and îäùàôìèèäéí (mishpatim, ordinancs, 4:1) to b includd in th covnant txt. In a full canonical sns, of cours, it prtains to th ntir 71 Pntatuch or Torah. ãshr (àâéùæø) [pronouncd uh-sher] that, which, whn, who, whom; whr rlativ pronoun Strong's #834 BDB #81 ânôkîy (àèðéëäé) [pronouncd awn-oh- KEE] I, m; (somtims a vrb is implid) st 1 prson singular prsonal pronoun Strong s #595 BDB #59 nâthan (ðèúçï) [pronouncd naw-thahn] is giving, granting, is placing, putting, stting; is making Qal activ participl Strong's #5414 BDB #678 lâmd (ìà) [pronouncd l ] to, for, towards, in rgards to dirctional/rlational prposition No Strong s # BDB #510 pânîym (ôìèðäéí) [pronouncd paw- NEEM] fac, facs countnanc; prsnc masculin plural noun (plural acts lik English singular); with th 2 nd prson masculin plural suffix Strong s #6440 BDB #815 Togthr, thy litrally translat to, to your facs. Howvr, thy proprly man bfor you, bfor your fac, in your prsnc, in your sight, in front of you. Whn usd with God, it can tak on th mor figurativ maning in Your judgmnt. yôwm (éåéí) [pronouncd yohm] day; tim; today or this day (with a dfinit articl); possibly immdiatly masculin singular noun with th dfinit articl Strong s #3117 BDB #398 Translation: And what [othr] grat nation had rightous statuts and ordinancs lik all this Law which I st bfor you this day? Moss has givn thm this xtnsiv systm of laws which ar dsignd both to rval th Lord Jsus Christ as wll as to provid thm with law and ordr as wll as laws which would prsrv thm as a popl. What Moss is giving thm is unlik anything that had bn givn bfor. Thr ar millions of Jws aliv today bcaus of th wisdom of ths laws. This was originally placd in Gnsis 17 (HTML) (PDF) (WPD). 71 From accssd April 6, 2015 (footnot).

91 5415 Th Book of Dutronomy Ths ar th cods which w actually hav rcords of, which suggsts that thr wr many lgal cods from this ra. Ancint Law Cods Cods Dat Information Th Cod of Urukagina Th Cod of Ur-Nammu Th Laws of Eshnunna Th Codx of Lipit-Ishtar Th Cod of Hammurabi 2,380 2,360 B.C. circa B.C B.C B.C. circa 1780 B.C. Urukagina was a rulr of th city-stat Lagash in Msopotamia circa B.C. This is th oldst known tablt which contains a law cod that survivs today. It was writtn in th Sumrian languag. Ths laws ar inscribd on two cuniform tablts discovrd in Baghdad, Iraq. This law cod is namd aftr a city, rathr than aftr a prson. This apparntly govrnd an ara north of Ur. Ths laws ar writtn in th Akkadian languag. Lipit-Ishtar was th fifth rulr of th first dynasty of Isin. H is partially known for th lgal cod writtn in his nam. This is apparntly writtn in Sumrian, and th laws wr a lgal cod, dfining spcific pnaltis for spcific crims and acts of wrongdoing. Th Cod of Hammurabi is a Babylonian law cod writtn by th sixth Babylonian king, Hammurabi This suggsts that during this tim priod, thr was a profound concrn with law, morality and lgal consquncs. This is th tim priod during which Abram livd. Ths rfrncs ar takn out of Wikipdia, accssd Novmbr 16, 2011, and linkd blow: Th Cod of Urukagina Th Cod of Ur-Nammu Th Laws of Eshnunna Th Codx of Lipit-Ishtar Th Cod of Hammurabi Chaptr Outlin Charts, Graphics and Short Doctrins Th cod which sparks th most discussion is th cod of Hammurabi, which was, in many ways, rasonabl and would hav providd law and ordr. Thr was a grat amount of tim spnd on prsonal possssions, land, inhritancs; as wll as rlationships and a varity of crims. What was compltly ignord by th cod of Hammurabi wr rligious laws (insofar as w know; som of thir laws ar missing). Som hav claimd that ths laws wr a basis for th Mosaic Law, but thr is not nough similarity btwn thn to mak such a claim. Givn th tim fram, it is likly that Moss, as a young man, might hav studid ths laws, but it is clar from a simpl rading that h did not copy thm. Th Easy English Bibl Commntary: No othr nation had such advantags as th *Isralits had. Thy had ral contact with thir God. Thir God was with thm. Also, thy had th bnfit of vry clar and wis laws. Thos laws showd th *Isralits how thy must liv. Thy wr th ruls that 72 showd thm how to plas God. Ths two lins mak up somwhat of a stanza, both of thm carrying within thm th sam sntnc structur vn though this sntnc structur dos not fit th sntnc xactly (which is why thy sound stiltd whn 72 From accssd May 15, 2015.

92 Dutronomy Chaptr translatd litrally). For what grat nation which it gods nar for Y howah our God in all our calling unto Him? And what grat nation which it rightous statuts and judgmnts as all th law this [law] which I am stting bfor you today? I undrlind th portions which wr th xact sam words in th xact sam morphology, attmpting to giv as litral of a translation as possibl. God had st up a systm of laws which wr both fair and just, rflcting His prfct charactr. Furthrmor, within ths laws was a complt Christology, rvaling th gospl to millions of popl, whil kping it a scrt from Satan. S Satan did not know about th cross (HTML) (PDF) (WPD). And bsids this, thr wr laws of sanitation and quarantin which w hav studid which would protct th nation Isral from an intrnal dstruction du to disas (not that this is both practical and symbolic). Ths is no nation which had laws of this calibr, laws which could b institutd in any nation today which would rsult in an improvmnt ovr whatvr systm of law that thy hav. Lt s sum ths rasons up. Th Wisdom of th Law of God 1. Th Law of Moss gav Isral law and ordr which lastd for hundrds of yars. It dfind crims against socity as wll as punishmnts to b mtd out against thos committing such crims in ordr to discourag ths actions in nation Isral. 2. A complt Christology is providd in th animal sacrifics, which both xposs th sons of Isral to th gospl whil, at th sam tim, kping th xact natur of Christ s sacrific hiddn from Satan. As a rsult, millions of popl blivd in th God of Isral whil participating in animal sacrifics, yt Satan did not rcogniz th purpos of Jsus going to th cross until it was too lat. 3. Thr wr a varity of ditary laws which prsrvd th halth of th Isralits in a world bfor rfrigration. Many foods wr dscribd as clan and unclan; and this prsrvd th popl of Isral bcaus thy did not at unclan foods (which could b mor disas riddn without rfrigration). Hr is whr many critics mak mistaks at criticizing th Bibl (along th lins of, You oppos homosxuality! Wll thn, you can t at shllfish ithr! ). Engaging in a homosxual act was punishabl by dath undr th Law of Moss. If somon cam in contact with som unclan or at food that was unclan, thy would b crmonially unclan for a wk or so. Popl wr not xcutd for ating shrimp, as thr was no moral problm with shrimp. 4. On fascinating ara of th Law of Moss ar th practical hints found in th book of Dutronomy. Moss was prsiding ovr a popl who had grown up in th dsrt-wildrnss undr unralistic conditions. Thy wr about to go in and tak th land of promis, but thy had nvr farmd bfor or built houss. Moss will giv thm practical advic, som of which is sizd by Paul in th Nw Tstamnt and givn spiritual application (lik allowing, for instanc, th ox trading th grain th ability to put his nos down and to at som of that grain). Again, lik th prvious st of laws, critics of rval thir ignoranc whn thy mak statmnts lik, You don t lik homosxuals? Wll, you had bttr not war cotton/polystr blnds! Th Jws to whom Moss spok livd whr God prsrvd thir clothing and thir footwar. Whn thy took th land of promis, thy would b subjct to normal living conditions again. Thrfor, thy wr told not to mix wool fibrs with cotton fibrs (as thy would shrink at diffrnt rats, laving th prson with unusabl clothing). 5. Thrfor, Moss asks th qustion: And what grat nation is thr, that has statuts and ruls so rightous as all this law that I st bfor you today? (Dut. 4:8; ESV) Gill writs: Now thr was not any nation thn in bing, nor any sinc, to b compard with th nation of th Jws, for th wis and wholsom laws givn unto thm; no, not th mor cultivatd and civilizd nations, as th Grcians and Romans, who had th advantag of such wis lawgivrs as thy wr accountd, as Solon, 73 Lycurgus, Numa, and othrs; and indd th bst laws that thy had sm to b borrowd from th Jws. 73 Dr. John Gill, John Gill s Exposition of th Entir Bibl; from -Sword, Dut. 4:8.

93 5417 Th Book of Dutronomy Matthw Pool: th tru gratnss of a nation dos not consist in pomp or powr, or largnss of mpir, as 74 commonly mn think, but in th rightousnss of its laws. Chaptr Outlin Charts, Graphics and Short Doctrins It is clarly and continually mphasizd throughout God's Word that H and all that H dos is rightous: Rightousnss and justic ar th foundation of Your thron. Grac and truth go bfor You (Psalm 89:14). Your tstimonis ar rightous forvr; giv m undrstanding that I may liv...th sum of Your Word is truth, and vry on of Your rightous ordinancs is vrlasting (Psalm 119:144, 160). S also Psalm 97:2 119:172. Dutronomy 4:7 8 (graphic); from Pinsta.m; accssd May 17, Matthw Hnry sums up vv. 7 8: This mighty and attractiv forc of th wisdom of Isral consistd in th fact, that in Jhovah thy possssd a God who was at hand with His hlp whn thy calld upon Him (cf. Dut. 33:29 Psalm 34:19 Psalm 145:18 1Kings 2:7), as non of th gods of th othr nations had vr bn; and that in th law of God thy possssd such statuts and rights as th hathn nvr had. Tru right has its roots in God; and with th obscuration of th knowldg of God, law and right, with thir divinly stablishd foundations, ar also shakn and obscurd (cf. 75 Rom. 1:26 32). Psalm 19:7 11 Th law of th LORD is prfct, rviving th soul; th tstimony of th LORD is sur, making wis th simpl; th prcpts of th LORD ar right, rjoicing th hart; th commandmnt of th LORD is pur, nlightning th ys; th far of th LORD is clan, nduring forvr; th ruls of th LORD ar tru, and rightous altogthr. Mor to b dsird ar thy than gold, vn much fin gold; swtr also than hony and drippings of th honycomb. Morovr, by thm is Your srvant warnd; in kping thm thr is grat rward. (ESV; capitalizd) Psalm 78:1 8 Giv ar, O my popl, to my taching; inclin your ars to th words of my mouth! I will opn my mouth in a parabl; I will uttr dark sayings from of old, things that w hav hard and known, that our fathrs hav told us. W will not hid thm from thir childrn, but tll to th coming gnration th glorious dds of th LORD, and His might, and th wondrs that H has don. H stablishd a tstimony in Jacob and appointd a law in Isral, which H commandd our fathrs to tach to thir childrn, that th nxt gnration might know thm, th childrn yt unborn, and aris and tll thm to thir childrn, so that thy should st thir hop in God and not forgt th works of God, but kp His commandmnts; and that thy should not b lik thir fathrs, a stubborn and rbllious gnration, a gnration whos hart was not stadfast, whos spirit was not faithful to God. Rom. 7:12 14 So th law is holy, and th commandmnt is holy and rightous and good. Did that which is good, thn, bring dath to m? By no mans! It was sin, producing dath in m through what is good, in ordr that sin might b shown to b sin, and through th commandmnt might bcom sinful byond masur. For w know that th law is spiritual, but I am of th flsh, sold undr sin. (ESV) Matthw Pool, English Annotations on th Holy Bibl; h1685; from -Sword, Dut. 4:8 (slightly ditd). Matthw Hnry, Commntary on th Whol Bibl; from -Sword, Dut. 4:7 8.

94 Dutronomy Chaptr Chaptr Outlin Charts, Graphics and Short Doctrins Do not forgt what you hav sn and hard at Horb Only tak hd and guard your soul gratly, lst you forgt th words which hav sn your [two] ys and lst dpart from your hart all days of your livs. And mak thm known to your sons and to sons of your sons, a day which you stood to facs of Y howah your Elohim in Horb, in a saying Y howah unto m, Gathr to M th popl and I will mak thm har My words which thy will larn to far M all th days that thy [ar] living upon th ground; and thir sons thy will tach. Dutronomy 4:9 10 Only b carful and carfully [lit., gratly] guard your soul, so that you do not forgt what your ys hav sn and so that [ths things] do not dpart from your hart throughout your ntir lif [lit., all days of your livs]. Mak [ths things] known to your sons and to your sons sons th day whn you stood bfor Y howah your Elohim in Horb, and [lit., whn] Y howah said to m, Gathr th popl to M and I will mak thm har My words so [lit., that] thy will larn to far M all th days that thy [ar] living upon th arth. Furthrmor, thy will tach [this] to thir sons. Only, b carful in your livs and guard your soul so that you do not forgt what your ys hav sn, so that ths things do not dpart from your thinking throughout your ntir lif. Mak ths things known to your sons and to thir sons. Tll thm about th day that you stood bfor Jhovah your God in Horb, whn H said to m, Gathr th popl to M and I will mak thm har My words so that thy will larn to far M all th days that thy liv on this arth. Furthrmor, thy will tach all of this to thir sons. Hr is how othrs hav translatd this vrs: Ancint txts: Masortic Txt (Hbrw) Targum of Onklos Latin Vulgat Pshitta (Syriac) Only tak hd and guard your soul gratly, lst you forgt th words which hav sn your [two] ys and lst dpart from your hart all days of your livs. And mak thm known to your sons and to sons of your sons, a day which you stood to facs of Y howah your Elohim in Horb, in a saying Y howah unto m, Gathr to M th popl and I will mak thm har My words which thy will larn to far M all th days that thy [ar] living upon th ground; and thir sons thy will tach. Only tak hd to yourslvs and diligntly kp your souls, lst you forgt th things which you bhld with your ys at Sinai, and that thy dpart not from your hart all th days of your lif, and you may tach thm to your childrn, and to your childrn s childrn; and that you may mak yourslvs pur in your transactions thrby, as in th day whn you stood bfor th Lord your God at Horb, at th tim whn th Lord said to m: Gathr th popl bfor M, that thy may har My words, by which thy will larn to far bfor M all th days that thy rmain upon th arth, and may tach thir childrn. Kp yourslf thrfor, and your soul carfully. Forgt not th words that your ys hav sn, and lt thm not go out of your hart all th days of your lif. You will tach thm to your sons and to your grandsons, From th day in which you stood bfor th Lord your God in Horb, whn th Lord spok to m, saying: Call togthr th popl unto m, that thy may har my words, and may larn to far m all th tim that thy liv on th arth, and may tach thir childrn. Only tak hd for yourslvs, and kp your soul diligntly, lst you forgt th things which your ys hav sn, and lst thy dpart from your hart all th days of your lif; but dclar thm to your childrn and your childrn s childrn. Th day that you stood bfor th LORD your God in Horb, whn th LORD said to m,

95 5419 Th Book of Dutronomy Sptuagint (Grk) Significant diffrncs: Gathr th popl togthr bfor m, and I will mak thm har My words, that thy may larn to worship m all th days that thy shall liv upon th arth, and that thy may tach thir childrn. Tak hd to yourslf, and kp your hart diligntly: forgt not any of th things, which your ys hav sn, and lt thm not dpart from your hart all th days of your lif; and you shall tach your sons and your sons' sons, vn th things that happnd in th day in which you stood bfor th Lord our God in Horb in th day of th assmbly; for th Lord said to m, Gathr th popl to M, and lt thm har My words, that thy may larn to far M all th days which thy liv upon th arth, and thy shall tach thir sons. Som xtra txt is found in both th targum and th LXX. Limitd Vocabulary Translations: Bibl in Basic English Easy English Easy-to-Rad Vrsion Good Nws Bibl (TEV) Th Mssag Nams of God Bibl Only tak car, and kp watch on your soul, for far that th things which your ys hav sn go from your mmory and from your hart all th days of your lif; but lt th knowldg of thm b givn to your childrn and to your childrn's childrn; That day whn you wr waiting bfor th Lord your God in Horb, and th Lord said to m, Mak all th popl com togthr, so that haring my words thy may go in far of m all th days of thir lif on arth and giv this taching to thir childrn. But b carful. Always think about what you do. Do not forgt th things that your ys hav sn. Rmmbr ths things for as long as you liv. Tll your childrn and your grandchildrn about th things that God has don. Rmmbr whn you stood in front of th LORD your God at Mount Horb. H said to m, "Bring all th popl to m to har what I say. Thn thy will larn to think and spak wll about m. Thy will do this as long as thy liv in thir country. And thy will tach my words to thir childrn." But you must b carful! B sur that as long as you liv you nvr forgt th things you hav sn. You must tach thos things to your childrn and grandchildrn. Rmmbr th day you stood bfor th Lord your God at Mount Horb (Sinai). Th Lord said to m, Gathr th popl togthr to listn to th things I say. Thn thy will larn to rspct m as long as thy liv on arth. And thy will tach ths things to thir childrn. B on your guard! Mak crtain that you do not forgt, as long as you liv, what you hav sn with your own ys. Tll your childrn and your grandchildrn about th day you stood in th prsnc of th LORD your God at Mount Sinai, whn h said to m, 'Assmbl th popl. I want thm to har what I hav to say, so that thy will larn to oby m as long as thy liv and so that thy will tach thir childrn to do th sam.' Just mak sur you stay alrt. Kp clos watch ovr yourslvs. Don't forgt anything of what you'v sn. Don't lt your hart wandr off. Stay vigilant as long as you liv. Tach what you'v sn and hard to your childrn and grandchildrn. That day whn you stood bfor God, your God, at Horb, God said to m, "Assmbl th popl in my prsnc to listn to my words so that thy will larn to far m in holy far for as long as thy liv on th land, and thn thy will tach ths sam words to thir childrn." Howvr, b carful, and watch yourslvs closly so that you don't forgt th things which you hav sn with your own ys. Don't lt thm fad from your mmory as long as you liv. Tach thm to your childrn and grandchildrn. Nvr forgt th day you stood in front of Yahwh your Elohim at Mount Horb. Yahwh had said to m, "Assmbl th popl in front of m, and I will lt thm har my

96 Dutronomy Chaptr NIRV Nw Simplifid Bibl words. Thn thy will larn to far m as long as thy liv on arth, and thy will tach thir childrn th sam thing." Don't b carlss. Instad, b vry carful. Don't forgt th things your ys hav sn. As long as you liv, don't lt thm slip from your mind. Tach thm to your childrn and thir childrn aftr thm. Rmmbr th day you stood at Mount Horb. Th Lord your God was thr. H said to m, "Bring th popl to m to har my words. I want thm to larn to hav rspct for m as long as thy liv in th land. I want thm to tach my words to thir childrn."»b on your guard! Mak sur you do not forgt, as long as you liv, what you hav sn with your own ys. Tach thm to your childrn and your grandchildrn.»do you rmmbr th day you stood in th prsnc of Jhovah your God at Mount Sinai (Horb)? H said to m: assmbl th popl. I want thm to har what I hav to say, so that thy will larn to oby m as long as thy liv. Thn thy will tach thir childrn to do th sam. Thought-for-thought translations; paraphrass: Common English Bibl Contmporary English V. Th Living Bibl Nw Brkly Vrsion Nw Cntury Vrsion Nw Lif Vrsion But b on guard and watch yourslvs closly so that you don't forgt th things your ys saw and so thy nvr lav your mind as long as you liv. Tach thm to your childrn and your grandchildrn. Rmmbr that [Hb lacks rmmbr that.] day whn you stood bfor th Lord your God at Horb, whn th Lord said to m: "Gathr th popl to m. I will dclar my words to thm so that thy will larn to far m vry day of thir livs on th frtil land, and tach thir childrn to do th sam." You must b vry carful not to forgt th things you hav sn God do for you. Kp rminding yourslvs, and tll your childrn and grandchildrn as wll. Do you rmmbr th day you stood in th LORD's prsnc at Mount Sinai? Th LORD said, "Moss, bring th popl of Isral hr. I want to spak to thm so thy will oby m as long as thy liv, and so thy will tach thir childrn to oby m too." "But watch out! B vry carful nvr to forgt what you hav sn God doing for you. May his miracls hav a dp and prmannt ffct upon your livs! Tll your childrn and your grandchildrn about th glorious miracls h did. Tll thm spcially about th day you stood bfor th Lord at Mount Horb, and h told m, `Summon th popl bfor m and I will instruct thm, so that thy will larn always to rvrnc m, and so that thy can tach my laws to thir childrn.' Still you must b on your guard and watch our stp, lst you forgt th things you hav sn [Continuously this is strssd in Dutronomy, bcaus so much in Isral s world continud to lur away from th on tru God. S 1John 2:15, 16 5:21.]. Nvr lt thm fad from your mmory all th days of your lif but mak thm known to your childrn and to your grandchildrn, (spcially) that day at Horb, whn you stood in th prsnc of th LORD your God, and th LORD said to m: Assmbl th popl hr in My prsnc, and I will mak thm har My word, that thy may larn to rvr M as long as thy shall lilv on th arth, and that thy may tach th sam to thir childrn. But b carful! Watch out and don't forgt th things you hav sn. Don't forgt thm as long as you liv, but tach thm to your childrn and grandchildrn. Rmmbr th day you stood bfor th Lord your God at Mount Sinai. H said to m, "Bring th popl togthr so I can tll thm what I hav to say. Thn thy will rspct m as long as thy liv in th land, and thy will tach ths things to thir childrn." "Only b carful. Kp watch ovr your lif. Or you might forgt th things you hav sn. Do not lt thm lav your hart for th rst of your lif. But tach thm to your childrn and to your grandchildrn. Rmmbr th day you stood bfor th

97 5421 Th Book of Dutronomy Nw Living Translation Lord your God at Mount Sinai. Th Lord said to m, 'Gathr th popl togthr bfor M, so I may lt thm har My words. Thn thy may larn to far M all th days thy liv on th arth, and thy may tach thir childrn.' "But watch out! B carful nvr to forgt what you yourslf hav sn. Do not lt ths mmoris scap from your mind as long as you liv! And b sur to pass thm on to your childrn and grandchildrn. Nvr forgt th day whn you stood bfor th Lord your God at Mount Sinai [Hbrw Horb, anothr nam for Sinai; also in 4:15.], whr h told m, `Summon th popl bfor m, and I will prsonally instruct thm. Thn thy will larn to far m as long as thy liv, and thy will tach thir childrn to far m also.' Partially litral and partially paraphrasd translations: Amrican English Bibl 'Kp an y on yourslvs and carfully guard your harts. Don't forgt any of th things that you'v sn, and kp thm in your harts throughout your livs! You must tach your sons and your grandsons 10 th things that happnd whn you gathrd bfor Jhovah our God at Horb. whn th Lord said to m, Gathr th popl to M and hav thm listn to My words, so thy can larn to far M for as long as thy liv in th land, and thn tach this to thir sons. Bck s Amrican Translation Our God and Othrs Only b on your guard and watch yourslvs carfully, so that as long as you liv you don t forgt or fail to kp in mind, but tll your childrn and grandchildrn, what you saw whn you stood bfor th LORD your God at Horb. Th LORD had told m: Gathr th popl bfor M, and I will lt thm har what I say so thy can larn to far M as long as thy liv on th arth and so tach thir childrn. Intrnational Standard V Only guard yourslvs carfully so you won't forgt th things that you saw and lt thm slip from your mind for th rst of your lif. Tll thm to your childrn and to your grandchildrn. Th day you stood in th prsnc of th LORD your God in Horb, th LORD told m, `Gathr th popl bfor m so thy may har my words, larn to rvr m th whol tim that thy liv in th land, and tach thm [Th Hb. lacks thm] to thir childrn.'" Nw Advnt (Knox) Bibl Kp anxious guard, thn, Isral, as thou lovst thy own lif. Nvr lt th mmory of what thy own ys hav sn fad from thy hart, as long as thou livst; hand it on to thy sons, and thy sons' sons, th mmory of that day whn thou didst stand in th Lord's prsnc at mount Horb. Summon th whol popl, th Lord said to m, so that thy may har ths words of min, and larn, and tach thir childrn aftr thm, to far m all thir lif long. Translation for Translators But b vry carful! [DOU, IDI] Do not forgt what you [SYN] hav sn God do. Rmmbr thos things as long as you ar aliv. Tll thm to your childrn and your grandchildrn. Tll thm about th day that your ancstors stood in th prsnc of Yahwh our God at Sinai Mountain, whn h said to m, `Gathr th popl togthr, in ordr that thy can har what I say. I want thm to larn to hav an awsom rspct for m as long as thy ar aliv, and I want thm to tach thir childrn to do that also.' Mostly litral rndrings (with som occasional paraphrasing): Ancint Roots Translinar Only kp to yourslf, and kp your soul a hundrdfold all th days of your lif that your sons know thm, and your sons' sons. Othrwis you will forgt th words which your ys saw, and othrwis thy will turn your hart. Th day that you stood in front of Yahwh your God in Horb, Yahwh said to m, "Assmbl th popl for m to har my words, to tach thir sons to far m all th days thy liv ovr th proprty."

98 Dutronomy Chaptr Frrar-Fnton Bibl Lxham English Bibl NIV UK Only guard yourslvs, and guard your livs carfully, from forgtting th vnts that your ys hav sn, and from turning your hart away all th days of your lif; and tach thm to your childrn, and to your childrn's childrn. Upon th day whn you stood bfor your Evr-living God at Horb, whn th Evr-living commandd m, " Collct th Popl to M, and I will lt thm har what thy must larn, so that thy may far M all th tim thy liv on th arth, and tach thir childrn." "Howvr, tak car [Litrally "watch"] for yourslf and watch your innr slf [Or "soul"] closly, so that you do not forgt th things that your ys hav sn, so that thy do not slip from your mind all th days of your lif; and you shall mak thm known to your childrn and to your grandchildrn [Litrally "th childrn of your childrn"]. Rmmbr th day that you stood bfor [Litrally "to th fac of"] Yahwh your God at Horb whn Yahwh said to m [Litrally "whn to say Yahwh"], `Summon for m th popl so that I can tll thm my words, that thy may larn to far m all of th days thy ar aliv on th arth and so that thy may tach thir childrn.' Only b carful, and watch yourslvs closly so that you do not forgt th things your ys hav sn or lt thm fad from your hart as long as you liv. Tach thm to your childrn and to thir childrn aftr thm. Rmmbr th day you stood bfor th Lord your God at Horb, whn h said to m, `Assmbl th popl bfor m to har my words so that thy may larn to rvr m as long as thy liv in th land and may tach thm to thir childrn.' Catholic Bibls (thos having th imprimatur): Christian Community (1988) But b carful and b on your guard. Do not forgt ths things which your own ys hav sn nor lt thm dpart from your hart as long as you liv. But on th contrary, tach thm to your childrn and to your childrn _s childrn. You wr in th prsnc of Yahwh at Mount Horb whn h spok to m, Gathr th popl bfor m that thy may har my words. Thus thy will far m as long as thy liv in that land and will tach ths words to thir childrn. ± Th Hritag Bibl Only hdg yourslf about, and xcdingly hdg about your soul, lst you forgt th words which your ys hav sn, and lst thy dpart from your hart all th days of your lif, and you shall mak thm known to your childrn, and your childrn s childrn; Th day that you stood bfor th fac of Jhovah, your God, in Horb, Jhovah said to m, Assmbl to m th popl, and I will mak thm attntivly har my words, that thy may larn to far m all th days that thy ar aliv upon th land, and thy shall tach thir childrn. Nw Amrican Bibl (2002) "Howvr, tak car and b arnstly on your guard not to forgt th things which your own ys hav sn, nor lt thm slip from your mmory as long as you liv, but tach thm to your childrn and to your childrn's childrn. Thr was th day on which you stood bfor th LORD, your God, at Horb, and h said to m, 'Assmbl th popl for m; I will hav thm har my words, that thy may larn to far m as long as thy liv in th land and may so tach thir childrn.' Bginning hr and continuing on for svral vrss (at last to th nd of v? Dut. 4:14) is th "rminiscnc," th account of th things that th Isralits should rcall and tach thir childrn. Nw Amrican Bibl (2011) Rvlation at Horb. Howvr, b on your guard and b vry carful not to forgt th things your own ys hav sn, nor lt thm slip from your hart as long as you liv, but mak thm known to your childrn [Dt 6:7, 20-25; 11:19-21; 29:29; 31:12-13; Ps 78:3-6.] and to your childrn's childrn, that day you stood bfor th LORD, your God, at Horb, whn th LORD said to m: Assmbl th popl for m, that I may lt thm har my words, that thy may larn to far [Far: not in th sns of "b trrifid,"

99 5423 Th Book of Dutronomy Nw Jrusalm Bibl Nw RSV Rvisd English Bibl but rathr "manifst rvrnc or aw."] m as long as thy liv in th land and may so tach thir childrn. 'But tak car, as you valu your livs! Do not forgt th things which you yourslvs hav sn, or lt thm slip from your hart as long as you liv; tach thm, rathr, to your childrn and to your childrn's childrn. Th day you stood at Horb in th prsnc of Yahwh your God, Yahwh said to m, "Summon th popl to m; I want thm to har m spaking, so that thy will larn to far m all th days thy liv on arth, and tach this to thir childrn." But tak car and watch yourslvs closly, so as nithr to forgt th things that your ys hav sn nor to lt thm slip from your mind all th days of your lif; mak thm known to your childrn and your childrn's childrn- how you onc stood bfor th Lord your God at Horb, whn th Lord said to m, `Assmbl th popl for m, and I will lt thm har my words, so that thy may larn to far m as long as thy liv on th arth, and may tach thir childrn to do so'; you approachd and stood at th foot of th mountain whil th mountain was blazing up to th vry havns, shroudd in dark clouds. V. 11 is includd for contxt. But tak car: kp carful watch on yourslvs so that you do not forgt th things that you hav sn with your own ys; do not lt thm pass from your minds as long as you liv, but tach thm to your childrn and to your childrn's childrn. You must nvr forgt th day whn you stood bfor th LORD your God at Horb, and th LORD said to m, "Assmbl th popl for m; I shall mak thm har my words and thy will larn to far m all thir livs in th land, and thy will tach thir childrn to do so." Jwish/Hbrw Nams Bibls: Complt Jwish Bibl xgss companion Bibl JPS (Tanakh 1985) Judaica Prss Complt T. Only b carful, and watch yourslvs diligntly as long as you liv, so that you won't forgt what you saw with your own ys, so that ths things won't vanish from your harts. Rathr, mak thm known to your childrn and grandchildrn - th day you stood bfor ADONAI your God at Horv, whn ADONAI said to m, 'Gathr th popl to m, and I will mak thm har my vry words, so that thy will larn to hold m in aw as long as thy liv on arth, and so that thy will tach thir childrn.' Only guard yourslf and guard your soul mightily, lst you forgt th words your ys saw; and lst thy turn asid from your hart all th days of your lif: but tach thm to your sons and th sons of your sons. Th day you stood at th fac of Yah Vh your Elohim in Horb, whn Yah Vh said to m, Congrgat th popl to har my words - to larn to aw m all th days thy liv on th soil and to tach thir sons. But tak utmost car and watch yourslvs scrupulously, so that you do not forgt th things that you saw with your own ys and so that thy do not fad from your mind as long as you liv. And mak thm known to your childrn and to your childrn's childrn: Th day you stood bfor th Lord your God at Horb, whn th Lord said to M, "Gathr th popl to M that I may lt thm har My words, in ordr that thy may larn to rvr M as long as thy liv on arth, and may so tach thir childrn." But bwar and watch yourslf vry wll, lst you forgt th things that your ys saw, and lst ths things dpart from your hart, all th days of your lif, and you

100 Dutronomy Chaptr Kaplan Translation Orthodox Jwish Bibl Rstord Nams Vrsion Th Scripturs 1998 shall mak thm known to your childrn and to your childrn's childrn, th day you stood bfor th Lord your God at Horb, whn th Lord said to m, "Assmbl th popl for M, and I will lt thm har My words, that thy may larn to far M all th days that thy liv on th arth, and that thy may tach thir childrn. Only tak hd and watch yourslf vry carfully, so that you do not forgt th things that your ys saw. Do not lt [this mmory] lav your harts, all th days of your livs. Tach your childrn and childrn's childrn about th day you stood bfor God your Lord at Horb. It was thn that God said to m, 'Congrgat th popl for M, and I will lt thm har My words. This will tach thm to b in aw of M as long as thy liv on arth, and thy will also tach thir childrn.' Only b shomr ovr thyslf, and b shomr ovr thy nfsh diligntly, lst thou forgt th things which thin ys hav sn, and lst thy dpart from thy lv kol yamim of thy lif; but tach thm to thy banim, and th banim of thy banim; Spcially th yom that thou stoodst bfor Hashm Elohicha in Chorv, whn Hashm said unto m, Gathr M th popl togthr, and I will mak thm har My words, that thy may larn to far M kol hayamim that thy shall liv upon ha'adamah and that thy may tach thir childrn. Only tak hd to yourslf and diligntly kp yourslf lst you forgt th things your ys hav sn and lst thy dpart from your hart all th days of your lif. And tach thm to your sons and your grandsons concrning th day you stood bfor Yahuwah your Eloah in Chorb whn Yahuwah said to m, 'Gathr th popl to M and I will lt thm har My words that thy may larn to far M all th days thy liv on th arth and that thy may tach thir sons.' Only, guard yourslf, and guard your lif diligntly, lst you forgt th Words your ys hav sn, and lst thy turn asid from your hart all th days of your lif. And you shall mak thm known to your childrn and your grandchildrn. Th day whn you stood bfor éäåä your Elohim in Hòor b, éäåä said to m, Assmbl th popl to M and I mak thm har My Words, so that thy larn to far M all th days thy liv on th arth and tach thm to thir childrn. Expandd/Embllishd Bibls: Th Amplifid Bibl Th Expandd Bibl Krtzmann s Commntary Only tak hd, and guard your lif diligntly, lst you forgt th things which your ys hav sn and lst thy dpart from your [mind and] hart all th days of your lif. Tach thm to your childrn and your childrn's childrn Espcially how on th day that you stood bfor th Lord your God in Horb, th Lord said to m, Gathr th popl togthr to M and I will mak thm har My words, that thy may larn [rvrntly] to far M all th days thy liv upon th arth and that thy may tach thir childrn. L But b carful [on guard]! Watch out and don't forgt th things you [ your ys] L hav sn. Don't forgt thm [ lt thm turn asid/slip from your hart/mind] as L long as you liv [ all th days of your lif], but tach thm [mak thm known] to your childrn and grandchildrn. 10 Rmmbr th day you stood bfor th Lord L C your God at Mount Sinai [ Horb; anothr nam for Sinai]. H said to m, " Bring L th popl togthr [Assmbl th popl] so I can tll thm [ lt thm har] what L I hav to say. Thn thy will rspct [far] m as long as [ all th days] thy liv in th land, and thy will tach ths things to thir childrn." Only tak hd to thyslf and kp thy soul diligntly, lst thou forgt th things which thin ys hav sn, th miracls and th many vidncs of God's prsnc during th yars of th wildrnss journy, and lst thy dpart from thy hart all th days of thy lif, that is, for so much as on minut; but tach thm thy sons, thy childrn, and thy sons' sons, thy grandchildrn, th command thus including thr points: to rmmbr, to obsrv, and to transmit in its intgrity;

101 5425 Th Book of Dutronomy NET Bibl spcially th day that thou stoodst bfor th Lord, thy God, in Horb, whn th Law was givn from Mount Sinai, whn th Lord said unto m, Gathr M th popl togthr, and I will mak thm har my words, that thy may larn to far M all th days that thy shall liv upon th arth, and that thy may tach thir childrn. Rmindr of th Horb Covnant Again, howvr, pay vry carful attntion [Hb "watch yourslf and watch your soul carfully."], lst you forgt th things you hav sn and disrgard thm for th rst of your lif; instad tach thm to your childrn and grandchildrn. You [Th txt bgins with "(th) day (in) which." In th Hbrw txt v. 10 is subordinat to v. 11, but for stylistic rasons th translation trats v. 10 as an indpndnt claus, ncssitating th omission of th subordinating tmporal phras at th bginning of th vrs.] stood bfor th Lord your God at Horb and h [Hb "th Lord." S not on "h" in 4:3.] said to m, "Assmbl th popl bfor m so that I can tll thm my commands [Hb "my words." S v. 13; in Hbrw th "tn commandmnts" ar th "tn words."]. Thn thy will larn to rvr m all th days thy liv in th land, and thy will instruct thir childrn." Th Voic Moss: So watch what you do! B carful with your vry lif! Don't forgt th things you saw with your own ys, and don't lt thm fad from your mmory. Rmmbr thm your whol lif; tach thm to your childrn and your grandchildrn. Rmmbr th day you stood bfor th Etrnal, your Tru God, at Horb whn H calld you to com clos. H told m, "Bring all th popl to M. I want thm to har My words, so that thy will larn to far M as long as thy liv on this arth and will tach thir childrn to do th sam.". Litral, almost word-for-word, rndrings: Contxt Group Vrsion English Standard V. UK God s Truth (Tyndal) NASB Only you b carful and kp your lif { soul } diligntly, or ls you will forgt th things which your ys saw, and thy will dpart from your hart all th days of your lif; but mak thm known to your sons and th sons of your sons; th day that you stood bfor YHWH your God in Horb, whn YHWH said to m, Assmbl th popl to m, and I will mak thm har my words, that thy may larn to far m all th days that thy liv on th land { or arth }, and that thy may tach thir sons. "Only tak car, and kp your soul diligntly, lst you forgt th things that your ys hav sn, and lst thy dpart from your hart all th days of your lif. Mak thm known to your childrn and your childrn's childrn how on th day that you stood bfor th Lord your God at Horb, th Lord said to m, `Gathr th popl to m, that I may lt thm har my words, so that thy may larn to far m all th days that thy liv on th arth, and that thy may tach thir childrn so.' Tak hd to yourslf thrfor only and kp your soul diligntly, that you forgt not th things which your ys hav sn, and that thy dpart not out of your hart, all th days of your lif: but tach thm your sons, and your sons sons. Th day that I stood bfor th Lord your God in Horb, whn h said unto m, gathr m th popl togthr, that I may mak thm har my words that thy may larn to far m as long as thy liv upon th arth and that thy may tach thir childrn:... "Only giv hd to yourslf and kp your soul diligntly, so that you do not forgt th things which your ys hav sn and thy do not dpart from your hart all th days of your lif; but mak thm known to your sons and your grandsons. Rmmbr th day you stood bfor th Lord your God at Horb, whn th Lord said to m, `Assmbl th popl to M, that I may lt thm har My words so thy may larn to [b]far M all th days thy liv on th arth, and that thy may tach thir childrn.'

102 Dutronomy Chaptr Nw King Jams Vrsion Wbstr s updatd Bibl Young s Updatd LT Th gist of this vrs: Only tak hd to yourslf, and diligntly kp yourslf, lst you forgt th things your ys hav sn, and lst thy dpart from your hart all th days of your lif. And tach thm to your childrn and your grandchildrn, spcially concrning th day you stood bfor th Lord your God in Horb, whn th Lord said to m, `Gathr th popl to M, and I will lt thm har My words, that thy may larn to far M all th days thy liv on th arth, and that thy may tach thir childrn.' Only tak hd to yourslf, and kp your soul diligntly, lst you should forgt th things which your ys hav sn, and lst thy dpart from your hart all th days of your lif: but tach thm to your sons, and your sons sons: [Spcially] th day that you stood bfor th LORD your God in Horb, whn th LORD said to m, Assmbl th popl to m, and I will mak thm har my words, that thy may larn to far m all th days that thy will liv upon th arth, and [that] thy may tach thir childrn. Only, tak hd to yourslf, and watch your soul xcdingly, lst you forgt th things which your ys hav sn, and lst thy turn asid from your hart, all days of your lif; and you hav mad thm known to your sons, and to your sons sons. Th day whn you hav stood bfor Jhovah your God in Horb in Jhovah s saying unto m, Assmbl to M th popl, and I caus thm to har My words, so that thy larn to far M all th days that thy ar aliv on th ground, and thir sons thy tach. Moss tlls thm that thy nd to rmmbr vrything which thy hav sn and hard; and to tll this things to thir childrn and grandchildrn. Moss rminds thm of whn God spok to thm in Horb (Mount Sinai). Dutronomy 4:9a Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs raq (øç ) [pronouncd rahk] only, providd, altogthr, surly; in any cas; but; nvrthlss advrb of rstrictiv forc Strong s #7534 & #7535 BDB #956 shâmar (ùèîçø) [pronouncd shaw-mar] b kpt, b prsrvd; b carful; abstain yourslf [from anything]; bwar [of anything]; car [for somthing]; tak hd nd 2 prson masculin singular, Niphal imprativ Strong's #8104 BDB #1036 w (or v ) (åà or åì) [pronouncd wh] and, vn, thn; namly; whn; sinc, that; though; as wll as simpl wâw conjunction No Strong s # BDB #251 shâmar (ùèîçø) [pronouncd shaw-mar] kp, guard, protct, watch, prsrv nd 2 prson masculin singular, Qal imprativ Strong's #8104 BDB #1036 nphsh (ðæôæù) [pronouncd NEH-fsh] soul, lif, living bing; brath; mind; dsir, volition; will fminin singular noun nd with th 2 prson masculin singular suffix Strong s #5315 BDB #659 m ôd (îààéã) [pronouncd m -ODE] xcdingly, xtrmly, gratly, vry advrb Strong s #3966 BDB #547

103 5427 Th Book of Dutronomy Dutronomy 4:9a Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs All of th BDB dfinitions ar: 1) xcdingly, much (advrb); 2) might, forc, abundanc (substantiv); 3) muchnss, forc, abundanc, xcdingly (noun masculin); 3a) forc, might; 3b) xcdingly, gratly, vry (idioms showing magnitud or dgr); 3b1) xcdingly; 3b2) up to abundanc, to a grat dgr, xcdingly; 3b3) with muchnss, muchnss. Own translats this firmly in 1Kings 2:12. Translation: Only b carful and carfully [lit., gratly] guard your soul,... Moss continus spaking to th popl of Isral, but h now spaks to thm individually. Thr will b many tims in ths two vrss whr Moss nd addrsss th popl in th masculin singular. Th two vrbs abov ar 2 prson masculin singular, imprativ vrbs. This could b th way a spakr can prsonally addrss his audinc, looking at thm dirctly and spaking to thm as individuals. nd nd This vrs carris with it th 2 prson masculin singular, Niphal imprativ and th 2 prson masculin singular, Qal imprativ of th sam vrb: shâmar (ùèîçø) [pronouncd shaw-mar] which mans kp, guard, watch, prsrv. Th Niphal is usd far lss than th Qal stm, and it is translatd in th Authorizd Vrsion tak hd. Such a rndring has littl or no maning to us today, so I hav translatd this tak rsponsibility. Although 76 th Niphal is gnrally th passiv stm, it is also usd to strss th individual ffct upon th group. Each prson has solmn and important rsponsibilitis toward thir own nation. Evn though Y howah is a God of th nation Isral, ach individual has a prsonal rsponsibility, a prsonal stak in th rightousnss of thir nation. Strong's #8104 BDB #1036. Moss continually placs upon th Isralits individual rsponsibility (Dut. 4:23 6:12 8:11, 14, 19). If thy, without th Holy spirit, had such a dramatic individual ffct upon th nation Isral, imagin our prsonal impact, sing that w all hav th Holy Spirit? What is ky hr is, thy nd to guard thir souls thy nd to guard thir thinking. Thy hav a rlationship with God, but that must b guardd and prsrvd. This is don within th soul. Th Nw Tstamnt vrsion of this vrs is Philip. 2:12 13 So thn, my dar ons, just as you popl wr always obdint [to my taching] whn I was thr with you, so now, in my absnc [also], b [obdint] all th mor. [Continu to] complt your own salvation [i.., by living faithfully to th nd. S Rom. 13:11] with far and trmbling [i.., with a rvrnt and submissiv spirit], for it is God who is at work in you, both to motivat th dsir and to carry out what plass Him. (AUV NT) Complting on s salvation is not bcoming mor savd than you wr bfor, but going to th nxt stag of Christian growth, which is to occur aftr salvation. Application: W in th Unitd Stats njoy th bnfits of living in a clint nation; and most blivrs in Jsus Christ can s just how scrwd up our nation is at this tim. Whrvr God th Holy Spirit is, th Satan is, attacking blivrs and th laws of divin stablishmnt. Our govrnmnt and our country bcoms bttr whn mor and mor popl bcom blivrs (which mans vanglism); and thn mor and mor blivrs turn toward putting th Word of God into thir souls (which is spiritual growth). Thr is no political solution, for thos who ar worrid about 3 Obama trms in offic. Dutronomy 4:9b Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs pn (ôìæï) [pronouncd pn] lst, pradvntur, or ls, in ordr to prvnt, or, so that [plus a ngativ] conjunction Strong's #6435 BDB # Th Complt Word Study Old Tstamnt; Dr. S. Zodhiats; p 2278.

104 Dutronomy Chaptr Dutronomy 4:9b Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs shâkach (ùèëçç) [pronouncd shaw- KAHKH] to forgt; to forgt and lav; to forsak, to abandon nd 2 prson masculin singular, Qal imprfct Strong s #7911 BDB #1013 êth (àæç) [pronouncd ayth] Indicats nxt word is th objct of th vrb; somtims translatd to untranslatd mark of a dirct objct Strong's #853 BDB #84 d bârîym (ãìàáèøäéí) b [pronouncd daw -vawr- EEM] words, sayings, doctrins, commands; things, mattrs, affairs; rports masculin plural noun with th dfinit articl Strong's #1697 BDB #182 ãshr (àâéùæø) [pronouncd uh-sher] that, which, whn, who, whom; whr rlativ pronoun Strong's #834 BDB #81 râ âh (øèàèä) [pronouncd raw-awh] to s, to look, to look at, to viw, to bhold; to obsrv; to prciv, to undrstand, to larn, to know rd 3 prson plural, Qal prfct Strong's #7200 BDB #906 êynayim (òåéðçéäí) [pronouncd ìay-nah- YIM] ys, two ys, litral y(s), spiritual ys; fac, apparanc, form; surfac fminin dual noun with nd th 2 prson masculin singular suffix Strong s #5869 (and #5871) BDB #744 Translation:...so that you do not forgt what your ys hav sn... Th popl standing bfor Moss ar th gnration of promis. Thy wr childrn whn Moss ld th popl out of Egypt and many had not yt bn born. Howvr, during ths 40 yars in th dsrt, thy hav sn grat and wondrful things which God has don on thir bhalf. Thr would b two sts of witnsss fathrs would rlay what thy saw to thir sons and grandsons and th Word of God would stand as writtn tstimony to ths sam things. What is th ky to th spiritual lif? Rmmbr what you hav larnd; rmmbr th Word of God. W tnd to, as Christians, gt a vry distortd viw of history and think that Biblical history is filld with ths grat miracls that God continually prformd in vry gnration. Som vn think that ths miracls continu on today as thy did thn. This is a total confusion of what th Scriptur tachs. Thr wr priods of tim whn grat signs and wondrs and miracls occurrd chifly during th xodus to th taking of th land, during th tim of Elijah, and during th incarnation of our Lord. Th numbr of miracls that ar found in Scriptur ar rlativly fw. rd I hav filld up this vrs so that th antcdnt for th 3 masculin plural suffix and vrbs would not b confusd. Throughout this vrs, w ar spaking of th things which that gnration of Isralits saw with thir own ys. Thy ar not to forgt ths things, thy ar not to lt ths things dpart from thir hart (thir thinking), and thy ar to pass on this information to thir childrn and grandchildrn. "Whn your son asks you in tim to com, saying, 'What [about] th tstimonis and th statuts and th judgmnts which Y howah commandd you?' Thn you will say to you son, 'W wr slavs to Pharaoh in Egypt; and Y howah brought us from Egypt with a mighty hand. Morovr, Y howah showd grat and distrssing signs and wondrs bfor our ys against Egypt, Pharaoh and all his houshold; and H brought us out from thr in ordr to bring us in, to giv us th land which H had sworn to our fathrs. So Y howah commandd us to obsrv all ths statuts,

105 5429 Th Book of Dutronomy to far Y howah our God for our good always and for our survival, as today. And it will b rightousnss for us if w ar carful to obsrv all th this commandmnt bfor th fac of Y howah our God, just as H commandd us." (Dut. 6:20 25). Th commandmnt to tach spiritual information to our childrn carfully and accuratly has nvr bn rscindd: And fathrs, do not provok your childrn to angr, but bring thm up in th disciplin and th instruction of th Lord (Eph. 6:4). From Dr. Thomas Constabl s commntary: "Th abstract natur of God in th Isralit rligion, and th absnc of any physical rprsntation of him, imposd grat difficultis for a popl living in a world whr all othr mn rprsntd thir gods in visual, physical form. To countr this difficulty would rquir grat car and so Moss urgd such car, lst you forgt th things your ys hav sn [Dutronomy 4:9]. Thy had nvr litrally sn thir God, but thy had sn what God had 77 don." [Not: Craigi, Th Book..., pp Cf. John 3:8.]. Constabl thn xplains: Th mphasis in this sction is on th suprnatural charactr of th rvlation of God's Law. Human bings did not invnt Isral's Law. A holy God had rvald it. It was spcial rvlation. Consquntly th Isralits wr to far (i.., hav an awsom rvrnc for) God (Dutronomy 4:10). In Dutronomy Moss oftn rmindd th parnts that thy, not th prists or othr rligious ladrs, bor th primary rsponsibility for ducating thir childrn spiritually 78 (Dutronomy 4:9-10; cf. Dutronomy 6:7; cf. Dutronomy 6:20 11:19 31:13 32:46). And this is tru of blivrs today. Th parnts ar chifly rsponsibl to tach thir childrn th Word of God. Each prson listning to Moss and ach prson who rads God's Word from that gnration was chargd with a spcific rsponsibility: thy all saw th things which Moss rcordd in Scriptur. It was imprativ for thm to confirm God's Word. Not how xtrmly important that is hr: ths parnts who hav just witnssd ths incrdibl miracls ar to pass this information on down to thir childrn and to thir childrn's childrn. Thy wr to confirm what was writtn in God's Word. Moss dsird that all that was writtn down was also witnssd to by th parnts to th childrn. For a fw gnrations, th childrn would know from God's Word and from th ywitnss account of thir own parnts of th grat things which God did for Isral. Th rsponsibility that a parnt has toward his childrn cannot b ovrmphasizd particularly in th spiritual ralm. Whn God blsss you with a child, thn it is your spiritual obligation to provid that child with a stabl hom nvironmnt, corrct and accurat valus, and accurat spiritual norms and standards. Th parnts of th 1970's and 1980's in particular unlashd a hug numbr of childrn on th world without any sort of ral training in anything, som mals thinking th mor womn that thy imprgnatd, th gratr man that thy wr. As I hav hard it said, "Any mal can sir a child; only a man can rais a child." A parnt is nvr ncouragd to lay th rsponsibility for th training of thir child on anyon ls or upon any institution. On of th sad obsrvations of lif is to watch grown childrn mov back in with mom and dad bcaus mom and dad did not bothr to rais thm corrctly in th first plac. Allow m to quot from McG again: Th gratst undrtaking of any nation is th ducation of th young. Probably th gratst failur of any nation is th failur in ducation. Look at Amrica today and s th dismal failur w ar making in this mattr of ducation. Now I am not blaming th collg and th schools. Do you know whr th problm lis? It si right at hom. God tlls ths popl, "I want you to tach your childrn and your grandchildrn." Th failur to tach is th failur of Mom and Dad in th hom. this was th grat rsponsibility which God placd upon vry fathr and mothr in Isral. Frind, if you ar going to bring a child into this world, you ar rsponsibl for that child. Our problm today is not forign affairs or national conomy; our problm is th hom. God will hold divorcd and proccupid parnts rsponsibl for th vagrants of th world today who nvr knw th instruction and th lov and th concrn and th communication from parnts. What a rsponsibility parnthood is! God maks this vry clar to Isral. Whn that nation faild, it faild 79 in th hom, and God judgd it From accssd May 15, From accssd May 15, J. Vrnon McG, Dutronomy, p. 31.

106 Dutronomy Chaptr W know that ducation is important, as w throw millions of tax dollars in that dirction. Howvr, at th sam st tim, w misapply th 1 amndmnt to ths schools to kp prayrs and Jsus Christ out of thm. Dutronomy 4:9c Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs w (or v ) (åà or åì) [pronouncd wh] and, vn, thn; namly; whn; sinc, that; though; as wll as simpl wâw conjunction No Strong s # BDB #251 pn (ôìæï) [pronouncd pn] lst, pradvntur, or ls, in ordr to prvnt, or, so that [plus a ngativ] conjunction Strong's #6435 BDB #814 çûwr (ñåìø) [pronouncd soor] to turn asid, to dpart, to go away rd 3 prson masculin plural, Qal imprfct Strong's #5493 (and #5494) BDB #693 min (îäï) [pronouncd min] from, off, out from, of, out of, away from, on account of, sinc, than, mor than prposition of sparation Strong's #4480 BDB #577 lêbab (ìåáçá) [pronouncd V lay-bahb ] mind, innr man, innr bing, hart masculin singular noun nd with a 2 prson masculin singular suffix Strong s #3824 BDB #523 kôl (ëìéì) [pronouncd kohl] with a plural noun, it is rndrd all of, all; any of masculin singular construct with a masculin plural noun Strong s #3605 BDB #481 yâmîym (éèîäéí) [pronouncd yaw- MEEM] days, a st of days; tim of lif, liftim; a spcific tim priod, a yar masculin plural construct Strong s #3117 BDB #398 chayyîym (ççéìäéí) [pronouncd khay- YEEM] lif, livs, living, bing aliv, having lif, immortality, a long lif, sustnanc, sustaining lif; rfrshmnt; bing vigorous; prosprity, wlfar, happinss, living prosprously masculin plural substantiv; masculin plural adjctiv with th nd 2 prson masculin singular suffix Strong's #2416 BDB #313 Translation:...and so that [ths things] do not dpart from your hart throughout your ntir lif [lit., all days of your livs]. Th things which Moss warns should not dpart is what ths popl hav sn. Thy hav sn th miracls of God; thy hav sn th provision of God. Thy ar not to forgt that ths things hav happnd to thm which things rprsnt thir rlationship to God. Thy ar to guard ths things in thir souls for thir ntir livs. Dutronomy 4:9d Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs w (or v ) (åà or åì) [pronouncd wh] and, vn, thn; namly; whn; sinc, that; though; as wll as simpl wâw conjunction No Strong s # BDB #251

107 5431 Th Book of Dutronomy Dutronomy 4:9d Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs yâda (éèãçò) [pronouncd yaw-dahì] to caus to know, to mak on know, to instruct, to tach nd 2 prson masculin singular, Hiphil prfct rd with th 3 prson masculin plural suffix Strong s #3045 BDB #393 lâmd (ìà) [pronouncd l ] to, for, towards, in rgards to dirctional/rlational prposition No Strong s # BDB #510 bânîym (áìèðäéí) [pronouncd baw- NEEM] sons, dscndants; childrn; popl; somtims rndrd mn masculin plural noun nd with th 2 prson masculin singular suffix Strong s #1121 BDB #119 w (or v ) (åà or åì) [pronouncd wh] and, vn, thn; namly; whn; sinc, that; though; as wll as simpl wâw conjunction No Strong s # BDB #251 lâmd (ìà) [pronouncd l ] to, for, towards, in rgards to dirctional/rlational prposition No Strong s # BDB #510 bânîym (áìèðäéí) [pronouncd baw- NEEM] sons, dscndants; childrn; popl; somtims rndrd mn masculin plural construct Strong s #1121 BDB #119 bânîym (áìèðäéí) [pronouncd baw- NEEM] sons, dscndants; childrn; popl; somtims rndrd mn masculin plural noun nd with th 2 prson masculin singular suffix Strong s #1121 BDB #119 Translation: Mak [ths things] known to your sons and to your sons sons... Furthrmor, thy ar to mak ths things known to thir childrn and to thir childrn s childrn. Hr is th thing: thr can b on or two goofballs in a city of popl, who might pass along all kinds of wird information. Howvr, God wants ths popl all of thm to tll thir sons about what thir livs hav bn. W hav th Biblical rcord, but ths popl had limitd accss to writtn matrials. Moss did not giv th law of th land, and thn writ all of it down and giv vryon a Xrox of it. So, what happnd to thm had to b passd down from fathr to son. Ths storis don t hold togthr if it is only 2 or 3 fathrs tlling thir sons; but if it is th bulk of th fathrs tlling thir sons, th witnss is confirmd ovr and ovr again. Dutronomy 4:9 (graphic); from Nw Lif; accssd May 16, Chaptr Outlin Charts, Graphics and Short Doctrins

108 Dutronomy Chaptr Th Easy English Bibl Commntary: Moss told thm to b carful to oby all God's laws. H told thm to tach God's law to thir childrn and to thir grandchildrn. That was ncssary for thm to liv in Canaan. And thy must not forgt what thy had sn. Thy had sn how th *LORD brought th *Isralits out of Egypt. Thy had sn how h had mt with thm at Horb (Sinai). Thy had sn how h had ld thm all th way during 40 yars to th plains of Moab. Thy must rmmbr thos things and thy must tach thm. If thy did not do that, thy would los thir trust in God. Th rsult 80 would b thir failur to possss Canaan and to control that country. Ptt oftn ss chiasmos throughout th writings of many Biblical authors. Ptr Ptt Organizs Dutronomy 4:10 14 a a Moss rminds thm of th day whn thy stood bfor Yahwh in Horb (Dutronomy 4:10 a). b Whn H had calld thm to assmbl to His words so that thy might far Him all thir days and tach thir childrn (Dutronomy 4:10 a). c And thy cam nar and stood blow th mountain and it burnd with havnly fir, with darknss, cloud and thick darknss (Dutronomy 4:11). c And th voic of Yahwh spok from th midst of th fir and thy hard His words but saw no form. Thr was only a voic (Dutronomy 4:12). b And H dclard to thm His words which H commandd thm to carry out, th tn words which wr writtn on tabls of ston (Dutronomy 4:13). And Yahwh commandd him in that day to tach thm statuts and judgmnts so that thy may do thm in th land whn thy wnt ovr to possss it (Dutronomy 4:14). Not that in `a' h rminds thm of `th day' in which thy stood bfor Yahwh in Horb and in th paralll Yahwh commandd him `on that day' to tach thm His statuts and judgmnts. In `b' H calld thm togthr to har His words so that thy might far Him, and in th paralll H dclars to thm His words and commands thm to carry thm out. In `c' thy com to th mountain burning with fir but in darknss and cloud, and in th paralll thy har Him spak from th midst of th fir but thy s no form, only har a voic. From accssd May 12, Chaptr Outlin Charts, Graphics and Short Doctrins Dutronomy 4:10a Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs yôwm (éåéí) [pronouncd yohm] day; tim; today or this day (with a dfinit articl); possibly immdiatly masculin singular noun Strong s #3117 BDB #398 ãshr (àâéùæø) [pronouncd uh-sher] that, which, whn, who, whom; whr rlativ pronoun Strong's #834 BDB #81 âmad (òèîçã) [pronouncd ìaw-mahd] to tak a stand, to stand, to rmain, to ndur, to withstand; to stop, to cas nd 2 prson masculin singular, Qal prfct Strong's #5975 BDB #763 lâmd (ìà) [pronouncd l ] to, for, towards, in rgards to dirctional/rlational prposition No Strong s # BDB # From accssd May 15, 2015.

109 5433 Th Book of Dutronomy Dutronomy 4:10a Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs pânîym (ôìèðäéí) [pronouncd paw- NEEM] fac, facs, countnanc; prsnc masculin plural construct (plural acts lik English singular) Strong s #6440 BDB #815 Togthr, thy man upon th fac of, bfor, bfor th fac of, in th prsnc of, in th sight of, in front of. Whn usd with God, it can tak on th mor figurativ maning in th judgmnt of. This can also man forwards; th front part [or, th dg of a sword]. L pânîym (ìàôìèðäéí) can tak on a tmporal sns as wll: bfor, of old, formrly, in th past, in past tims. Litrally, this mans to facs of. YHWH (éäåä) [pronunciation is possibly yhoh-wah] translitratd variously as Jhovah, Yahwh, Y howah propr noun Strong s #3068 BDB #217 Ìlôhîym (àìéääéí) [pronouncd l-o-heem] God; gods, forign gods, god; rulrs, judgs; suprhuman ons, angls; translitratd Elohim masculin plural noun nd with th 2 prson masculin singular suffix Strong's #430 BDB #43 h b (áìà) [pronouncd b ] in, into, through; at, by, nar, on, upon; with, bfor, against; by mans of; among; within a prposition of proximity Strong s# non BDB #88 Chôrêb (çéøåá) B [pronouncd khoh-re V] wast, dsolat; dsrt and is translitratd Horb propr noun Strong s #2722 BDB #352 Translation:...th day whn you stood bfor Y howah your Elohim in Horb,... Horb is th northrn part of th Sinaitic mountain rang, whr God gav th Law to Moss and to th popl of Isral. This particular day is dscribd in svral placs in Scriptur: Ex. 19:9, 16 20:18 Dut. 5:2 Hb. 12:18 19, 25. At first, God spok to all of th popl thy all hard God s voic. Howvr, th popl bggd Moss to talk with God alon and thn tll thm what was said (Ex. 20:1 19). Moss is stting th scn for th giving of th Law. H wants th popl to think back thn, to that tim, 40 yars ago (som of thm wr aliv and hard this). In cas this was a problm for you: Whn Critics Ask: Was th law givn at Horb or at Mt. Sinai? PROBLEM: Exodus 19:11 affirms that Moss rcivd th Law at Mt. Sinai (cf. v. 18 ). But hr in Dutronomy 4:10 it claims that Moss got it in Horb. Which was it? SOLUTION: Thr ar svral possibl xplanations of this discrpancy. Som scholars bliv Sinai may b th oldr and Horb th latr nam for th sam plac. Othrs hold that Horb may b th gnral nam of th mountain rang and Sinai th particular pak. Still othrs bliv Sinai is th nam of th ntir group of mountains, whil Horb rfrs to on spcific mountain. Or, th two nams could b intrchangabl. In any vnt, th biblical authors, many cnturis closr to th original vnt than w ar, saw no problm in using both nams. Horb is usd 17 tims and Mt. Sinai 21 tims in th OT. Employing two diffrnt nams is

110 Dutronomy Chaptr Whn Critics Ask: Was th law givn at Horb or at Mt. Sinai? not uncommon. Mt. McKinly in Alaska, th official nam of th highst pak in North Amrica, is calld Dnali by nativ Amricans and many othrs. Bullingr points out that th nam Horb has alrady occurrd 3x in Scriptur (Ex. 3:1 17:6 33:6); and that th 81 propr noun Sinai is only found onc in Dutronomy (Dut. 33:2). Chaptr Outlin Charts, Graphics and Short Doctrins In v. 9, individual rsponsibility was strssd, which is always th cas in God's plan. You in this vrs is singular as wll. Th sons of gn X wr gathrd at th foot of th mountain as wll as gn X. As w hav sn, Horb rfrs to th gnral ara within which is Mount Sinai. Th incidnt rfrrd to is whn th sons of Isral wr ld by Moss to Mount Sinai. So it cam about on th third day, whn it was morning, that thr wr sounds and lightning flashs and a thick cloud upon th mountain and a vry loud trumpt sound, so that all th popl who wr in th camp trmbld. And Moss brought th popl out of th camp to mt God, and thy stood at th foot of th mountain. Now Mount Sinai [was] all in smok bcaus Y howah dscndd upon it in fir; and its smok ascndd lik th smok of a furnac, and th whol mountain quakd violntly. Whn th sound of th trumpt grw loudr and loudr, Moss spok and God answrd him with thundr. And Y howah cam down on Mount Sinai, to th top of th mountain. and Y howah calld Moss to th top of th mountain and Moss wnt up (Ex. 19:16 20). Dutronomy 4:10b Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs h b (áìà) [pronouncd b ] in, into, through; at, by, nar, on, upon; with, bfor, against; by mans of; among; within a prposition of proximity Strong s# non BDB #88 âmar (àèîçø) [pronouncd aw-mahr] to say, to spak, to uttr; to say [to onslf], to think; to command; to promis; to xplain; to intnd; to dcid; to answr Qal infinitiv construct Strong s #559 BDB #55 YHWH (éäåä) [pronunciation is possibly yhoh-wah] translitratd variously as Jhovah, Yahwh, Y howah propr noun Strong s #3068 BDB #217 l (àæì) [pronouncd hl] unto; into, among, in; toward, to; against; concrning, rgarding; bsids, togthr with; as to dirctional prposition (rspct or dfrnc may b implid) with th st 1 prson singular suffix Strong's #413 BDB #39 qâhal ( ÈäÇì) [pronouncd kaw-hahl] gathr [up, togthr], assmbl, call togthr, summon an assmbly [for war, judgmnt or a rligious purpos] nd 2 prson masculin singular, Hiphil imprativ Strong s #6950 BDB #874 lâmd (ìà) [pronouncd l ] to, for, towards, in rgards to dirctional/rlational prposition with th 1 st prson singular suffix No Strong s # BDB # From accssd May 14, 2015.

111 5435 Th Book of Dutronomy Dutronomy 4:10b Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs êth (àæç) [pronouncd ayth] Indicats nxt word is th objct of th vrb; somtims translatd to untranslatd mark of a dirct objct Strong's #853 BDB #84 am (òçí) [pronouncd ìahm] popl; rac, trib; family, rlativs; citizns, common popl; companions, srvants; ntir human rac; hrd [of animals] masculin singular collctiv noun with th dfinit articl Strong s #5971 BDB #766 Translation:...and [lit., whn] Y howah said to m, Gathr th popl to M... up th popl. God calld upon Moss to gathr Now, God can spak to a popl, no mattr whr thy ar. If H wantd to spak to vry prson of th Unitd Stats, H dos not hav to hav us all gathr togthr in th stat of Oklahoma in ordr for this to b hard. Howvr, a convocation is calld, so that th popl know God is about to spak to thm and so that thy know this is an important momnt in thir livs. No doubt, Moss had gathrd th popl togthr bfor; but hr, h is gathring th popl to har God. Dutronomy 4:10c Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs w (or v ) (åà or åì) [pronouncd wh] and, vn, thn; namly; whn; sinc, that; though; as wll as simpl wâw conjunction No Strong s # BDB #251 shâma (ùèîçò) [pronouncd shaw- MAHÌ] to caus to har, to lt har; to announc, to tll; to call, to summon; to sing; to play [instrumnts] st 1 prson singular, Hiphil imprfct with th rd 3 prson masculin plural suffix Strong's #8085 BDB #1033 êth (àæç) [pronouncd ayth] Indicats nxt word is th objct of th vrb; somtims translatd to untranslatd mark of a dirct objct Strong's #853 BDB #84 d bârîym (ãìàáèøäéí) b [pronouncd daw -vawr- EEM] words, sayings, doctrins, commands; things, mattrs, affairs; rports masculin plural noun st with th 1 prson singular suffix Strong's #1697 BDB #182 Translation:...and I will mak thm har My words... God tlls Moss, I will mak th popl hard My words. God has th ability to do this. Intrstingly nough, it appars that thy could har God s voic; but it is not clar if thy could har th words H spok. Gill: Abov all things Moss would hav thm tak car not to forgt th day th law was givn from Mount Sinai, which was so awful and solmn, whn thy saw th fir, th smok, th lightning, and hard th thundr and th sound of th trumpt; all which wr vry shocking and trrifying: and though th mn of this gnration wr but young thn, bing undr twnty yars of ag, yt many

112 Dutronomy Chaptr of thm wr old nough to obsrv ths things, and which on would think should nvr war out 82 of thir minds. Dutronomy 4:10d Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs ãshr (àâéùæø) [pronouncd uh-sher] that, which, whn, who, whom; whr rlativ pronoun Strong's #834 BDB #81 lâmad (ìèîçã) [pronouncd law-mahd] to larn [by disciplin], to train [by disciplin and rptition]; to accustom onslf rd 3 prson masculin plural, Qal imprfct Strong s #3925 BDB #540 lâmd (ìà) [pronouncd l ] to, for, towards, in rgards to dirctional/rlational prposition No Strong s # BDB #510 yârê (éèøàà) [pronouncd yaw-ray] to far, to b afraid; to farrspct, to rvrnc, to hav a rvrntial rspct Qal infinitiv construct Strong s #3372 BDB #431 êth (àæç) [pronouncd ayth] m; untranslatd mark of a dirct objct; occasionally to m, toward m sign of th dirct objct st affixd to a 1 prson singular suffix Strong's #853 BDB #84 kôl (ëìéì) [pronouncd kohl] with a plural noun, it is rndrd all of, all; any of masculin singular construct with a masculin plural noun Strong s #3605 BDB #481 yâmîym (éèîäéí) [pronouncd yaw- MEEM] days, a st of days; tim of lif, liftim; a spcific tim priod, a yar masculin plural noun with th dfinit articl Strong s #3117 BDB #398 ãshr (àâéùæø) [pronouncd uh-sher] that, which, whn, who, whom; whr rlativ pronoun Strong's #834 BDB #81 hêm (äåí) [pronouncd haym] thy, thos; thmslvs; ths [with th dfinit articl] rd 3 prson masculin plural prsonal pronoun; somtims th vrb to b is implid Strong s #1992 BDB #241 chayyîym (ççéìäéí) [pronouncd khay- YEEM] lif, livs; a lif of long duration, immortality; living, aliv; sustnanc; rfrshmnt; prosprity, wlfar, happinss masculin plural adjctiv Strong's #2416 BDB #311 al (òçì) [pronouncd ìahl] upon, byond, on, against, abov, ovr, by, bsid prposition of rlativ proximity Strong s #5921 BDB #752 ãdâmâh (àâãèîèä) [pronouncd uh-daw- MAWH] ground, soil, dirt, arth, tillabl arth, land, surfac of th arth fminin singular noun with th dfinit articl Strong's #127 BDB #9 82 Dr. John Gill, John Gill s Exposition of th Entir Bibl; from -Sword, Dut. 4:10.

113 5437 Th Book of Dutronomy Translation:...so [lit., that] thy will larn to far M all th days that thy [ar] living upon th arth. God spaks of th popl faring Him, but this is not som horror movi far, whr w do not know what is going to happn. God could simply say, Boo! and startl vryon, but that is not th far H is aftr. A portion of doctrin which is too oftn glossd ovr is far of God. Th far of Y howah is th bginning of knowldg; fools dspis wisdom and disciplin (Prov. 1:8). W stand judgd and condmnd bfor God bcaus of our prsonal sins, bcaus w ar in Adam and bar th pnalty for his sin, and bcaus of our old sin natur. God is holy and w ar anything but. It is our natur to b in rbllion to God. It is in our natur to glorify and to dify man and to dnigrat that which is holy. And bcaus of that natur, w stand condmnd bfor God and, if w had any sns, w would far Him. Whn you xamin yourslf in contrast to His Law, w should rcogniz our inhrnt waknss, our inability to kp His prfct Law. "And do not far thos who kill th body, but ar unabl to kill th soul; but rathr far Him Who is abl to dstroy both soul and body in hll." (Matt. 10:28). This is takn from Far of th Lord (HTML) (PDF) (WPD). Th Abbrviatd Doctrin Far of th Lord, is first found in Gnsis 20 (HTML) (PDF) (WPD) (whr w first hav th phras far of God). Th Abbrviatd Doctrin of Far of th Lord 1. Dfinition: th far of th Lord (or a far of God) mans: 1) A prson blivs in God. 2) A prson blivs in both th powr of God and th involvmnt of God in our livs. 3) A prson blivs that thr ar divin consquncs for bhavior, whthr or not thr is a govrnmntal ntity to punish wrongdoing. 4) A prson who fars God concntrats upon Him; thinks about Him. 5) On of Solomon s conclusions of a futil xamination of what th world has to offr, is Th nd of th mattr; all has bn hard. Far God and kp his commandmnts, for this is th whol duty of man (Eccls. 12:13). Faring God is raching spiritual maturity. Kping God s commandmnts during th Jwish Ag was not a mans of salvation, but a mans of prsrving nation Isral and taching God s Word to subsqunt gnrations. 6) Thrfor, far of th Lord indicats spiritual maturity in th Old Tstamnt. 2. Job is a good xampl of somon who fars th Lord. At th nd of this Job 1, Job will hav all of his blssings takn from him, and yt h will say, Nakd I cam from my mothr's womb, and nakd shall I rturn. Th LORD gav, and th LORD has takn away; blssd b th nam of th LORD." (Job 1:21). This is concntration upon God. No mattr what th situation blssing or difficultis Job thinks about God. 3. Lt s say you ar trappd in a confind gographical spac with somthing that you far: a spidr, a snak, a mous. All of your concntration is focusd upon whatvr it is that you far. Th ida of that intns concntration convys to us, in part, what it mans to far th Lord. 4. In th Old Tstamnt, far of th LORD is always closly associatd with obdinc. Gn. 20:11 42:18 2Kings 4:1 Job 1:1, 8 Provrbs 1:7 Isaiah 11:2 5. A good xampl of somon who blivs in th Rvald Lord but dos not far Him is Lot. 1) Although many forignrs rcognizd Abraham s uniqu rlationship with th Rvald God (Gn. 20:7 9 and blivd that thy wr bst srvd by bing associatd with Abraham (Gn. 21:22), Lot, whn givn th chanc, struck out on his own and sparatd from Abraham, who was th rason for his blssing. Lot was blssd bcaus of his association with Abraham. Gn. 13:2 13 2) Abraham rscud Lot, whn Lot has associatd himslf with a bunch of rprobats (Gn. 13:13 14:1 16), yt Lot maks no ffort to ralign himslf with Abraham again. H stays in Sodom. Gn. 19:1 3) Evn though Lot has a rasonably larg family, thr ar not vn tn popl in his family (or of his in-laws) who hav vn blivd in th Rvald God. This is all it would hav takn for God to hav dlivrd Sodom from dstruction. Gn. 18:32 19:12 4) Whn facd with th dstruction of Sodom, and th angls wr right thr trying to gt Lot to mov

114 Dutronomy Chaptr Th Abbrviatd Doctrin of Far of th Lord along, Lot first tarris, and thn argus with th angls about whr h should go. Gn. 19: Th phras far of God or far of th Lord is only found thric in Gnsis (Gn. 20:11 22:12 42:18); and is othrwis not found in th Pntatuch (with th xcptions of Ex. 1:17, 21). W hav similar numbr of occurrncs in th book of Job (Job 1:1, 8, 9 2:3). Th uss hr would suggst much mor than simpl faith in God, as God points to Job as an xcptional man on arth (Job 1:8). Thrfor, th ida of bing mntally occupid with th Prson of Y howah is what is bing rfrrd to hr, which is a rsult of spiritual maturity. 7. Far of th Lord is knowldg of Bibl doctrin. Listn, th far of th Lord is wisdom, and to turn away from vil is undrstanding (Job 28:28). S also Psalm 111:10 Prov. 1:7 2:5 9:10 16:6 8. Hating Bibl doctrin is quivalnt to rjcting spiritual maturity (= far of th Lord). Prov. 1:29 9. Far of th Lord (spiritual maturity) ndurs forvr and is to b prfrrd ovr gold or othr matrial trasurs. Psalm 19:9 10 Prov. 15: Thos who far th Lord (that is, ar spiritually matur) hat vil and arroganc and lying. Prov. 8: A man who fars God will b a just rulr. 2Sam. 23:3 2Chron. 19:7 12. An honorabl and spiritually matur ladr will not ovrtax his popl. Th formr govrnors who wr bfor m laid havy burdns on th popl and took from thm for thir daily ration forty shkls of silvr. Evn thir srvants lordd it ovr th popl. But I did not do so, bcaus of th far of God (Nh. 5:15). 13. Instruction in truth is th ky to spiritual maturity (= far of th Lord). Com, O childrn, listn to m; I will tach you th far of Y howah (Psalm 34:11). Prov. 15: Howvr, th ky to a nation bing blssd and protctd by God, is thr bing many blivrs who ar matur. 2Chron. 20: Do not gt your focus on popl; kp your focus on God (which is also known as far of th Lord). Prov. 23: God listns to th prayrs of David, but will humbl his nmis, bcaus David fars God and thy do not (Psalm 55:16 22). For this rasons, David adjurs othrs to Cast your burdn on th LORD, and H will sustain you; H will nvr prmit th rightous to b knockd off balanc (Psalm 55:22). 17. Th far of th Lord (spiritual maturity) givs on courag for battl. And thy attackd all th citis around Grar, for th far of th LORD was upon thm [giving thm courag for battl]. Thy plundrd all th citis, for thr was much plundr in thm (2Chron. 14:14). 18. Thos who far God ar intrstd in th taching of th Word of God. Furthrmor, God s ffct upon man is in his soul. Com and har, all you who far God, and I will tll what h has don for my soul (Psalm 66:16). 19. Evn though thr ar xampls, from tim to tim, of thos who do vil, and yt liv for a long tim, Solomon larnd from his fathr David that it will b wll with thos who far God. Eccls. 8:12 From Dr. Thomas Constabl s commntary: "Th basic lsson for Isral to larn at Horb was to far and rvrnc God." [Not: Schultz, p. 31.] "In th Old Tstamnt th far of God is mor than aw or rvrnc though it includs both. Faring God is bcoming so acutly awar of His moral purity and omnipotnc that on is gnuinly afraid to disoby Him. Faring God also includs rsponding to Him in worship, srvic, trust, 83 obdinc, and commitmnt." [Not: Dr, p. 269]. Bcaus this phras occurs so oftn in Scriptur, it is a good ida for us to actually know what it mans. Chaptr Outlin Charts, Graphics and Short Doctrins God would spak and all of th popl would har Him, and this mad thm vry afraid. Aftr giving th Tn Commandmnts, w rad this: Now whn all th popl saw th thundr and th flashs of lightning and th sound of th trumpt and th mountain smoking, th popl wr afraid and trmbld, and thy stood far off and said to Moss, "You spak to us, and w will listn; but do not lt God spak to us, lst w di." (Ex. 20:18 19; ESV) 83 From accssd May 15, 2015.

115 5439 Th Book of Dutronomy Dutronomy 4:10 Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs w (or v ) (åà or åì) [pronouncd wh] and, vn, thn; namly; whn; sinc, that; though; as wll as simpl wâw conjunction No Strong s # BDB #251 êth (àæç) [pronouncd ayth] Indicats nxt word is th objct of th vrb; somtims translatd to untranslatd mark of a dirct objct Strong's #853 BDB #84 bânîym (áìèðäéí) [pronouncd baw- NEEM] sons, dscndants; childrn; popl; somtims rndrd mn masculin plural noun rd with th 3 prson masculin plural suffix Strong s #1121 BDB #119 lâmad (ìèîçã) [pronouncd law-mahd] to train, to accustom, to tach rd 3 prson masculin plural, Pil imprfct Strong s #3925 BDB #540 Translation: Furthrmor, thy will tach [this] to thir sons. All that has happnd, and all of th words which God spok ths things ar to b taught to th sons of thos standing bfor Moss and to thir sons sons. Th book of Exodus is not ntirly clar about xactly what th Isralits hard. Around vv , w will try to figur that out. At Mount Sinai, th popl rcivd th Law. Th Law dos not sav; th Law, although it is holy, just and good, to us, it is a farful thing, bcaus it condmns us. Th writr of Hbrws contrasts Mount Sinai with Mount Zion, th first which condmns us, th scond which accpts us in th Blovd: For you hav not com to [a mountain] that may b touchd and to a blazing fir, and to a darknss and a gloom and a whirlwind and to th blast of a trumpt and th sound of words which [to] thos who hard, bggd that no furthr word should b spokn to thm. For thy could not bar th command, "If vn a bast touchs th mountain, it will b stond." And so trribl was th sight, Moss said, "I am full of far and trmbling." But you hav com to Mount Zion and to th city of th living God, th havnly Jrusalm, and th myriads of angls, to th gnral assmbly and church of th first-born who ar nrolld in havn and to God, th Judg of all, and to th spirits of rightous mn mad prfct, and to Jsus, th mdiator of a nw covnant, and to th sprinkld blood, which spaks bttr than [th blood] of Abl (Hb. 12:18 24 Ex. 19:12 Dut. 9:19). Our rlationship to God and to His Word is a larnd thing. "Assmbl th popl th mn, and th womn and childrn and th forignr who is in your ara, in ordr that thy may har and larn and far Y howah your God and b carful to obsrv all th words of this Law. And thir childrn, who hav not known, will har and larn to far Y howah you God, as long as you liv on this land which you ar about to cross th Jordan to possss." (Dut. 31:12 13). "And you will at in th prsnc of Y howah your God, at th plac whr H chooss to stablish His Nam, th tith of your grain, your nw win, your oil, and th first-born of your hrd and you flock, in ordr that you may larn to far Y howah your God always." (Dut. 14:23). "Now it will com to pass whn h [a king ovr Isral] sits on th thron of his kingdom h will writ for himslf a copy of this Law on a scroll in th prsnc of th Lvitical prists. And it will b with him, and h will rad it all th days of his lif, that h may larn to far Y howah his God, by carfully obsrving all th words of this Law and ths statuts, that his hart may not b liftd up abov his countrymn and that h may not turn asid from th commandmnt, to th right or th lft; in ordr that h and his sons may continu long in his kingdom in th midst of Isral." (Dut. 17:18 20). Bcaus of our old sin natur, non of us naturally sks aftr God non of us hav a natural far and rspct for Him. Lft to our own naturs, w ar irrvrnt w rjct God and all that H is. W ar nmis of God. Evn Isral, whom God took as a child and rscud from Egypt vn ths popl continually rblld against Him. It took th scattring of thir corpss throughout th dsrt for thir sons and daughtrs to rcogniz th powr of Y howah thir God. "And you will at in th prsnc of Y howah your God, at th plac whr H

116 Dutronomy Chaptr chooss to stablish His nam, th tith of your grain, your nw win, your oil, and th first-born of your hrd and your flock, in ordr that you may larn to far Y howah your God always." (Dut. 14:23). "And it [th Law] will b with him {th prist], and h will rad it all th days of his lif that h may larn to far Y howah his God by kping by doing all th words of this Law and ths statuts." (Dut. 17:19). This is why th spiritual lif must b taught. It is not inhrnt; it dos not com from looking within; it is dlinatd in th Word of God. Thr is nothing in th spiritual lif which just happns; or that w larn from thinking about it. All of th information has to com from th Word of God. Now, w can pondr it, and think about it but it has to com first from th Word of God. Th command to tach spiritual information to your childrn is found throughout th Bibl. Trasury of Scriptural Knowldg offrs ths passags: Gn. 18:19 Ex. 13:8 9, Dut. 6:7 11:19 29:29 31:19 Joshua 4:6 7, Psalm 34: :18 78:3 8 Prov. 1:8 4: :26 Isa. 38:19 Eph. 6:4. This is part of th duty of a parnt to God for bing blssd with childrn. And so you [all] thy com nar and so you So, you [all] cam nar and th stood at th [all] stand blow th mountain and th foot of th mountain and th mountain is Dutronomy mountain is burning with th fir as far as a burning with fir vn to th midst of th 4:11 hart of th [two] havns a darknss, a havns [it is] a darknss, a cloud cloud, and thick darknss. [ovrhad], and thick darknss. Thn you popl gathrd and you stood togthr at th bas of th mountain and th mountain was burning with fir, vn up to th midst of th havns and yt, thr is this grat ovrcast of clouds and darknss. Hr is how othrs hav translatd this vrs: Ancint txts: Masortic Txt (Hbrw) Targum of Onklos Latin Vulgat Pshitta (Syriac) Sptuagint (Grk) Significant diffrncs: And so you [all] thy com nar and so you [all] stand blow th mountain and th mountain is burning with th fir as far as a hart of th [two] havns a darknss, a cloud, and thick darknss. And you drw nar, and stood at th lowr part of th mount, and th mountain burnd with fir, and its flam wnt up to th hight of th havns, with darknss, clouds, and shadows. And you cam to th foot of th mount, which burnd vn unto havn: and thr was darknss, and a cloud and obscurity in it. And you cam nar and stood at th foot of th mountain; and th mountain burnd with fir to th midst of havn, with darknss, clouds, and thick darknss. And you drw nar and stood undr th mountain; and th mountain burnd with fir up to havn: thr was darknss, blacknss, and a tmpst. Th Latin lacks and you cam nar. It also lacks and th mountain is burning with fir. Limitd Vocabulary Translations: Bibl in Basic English And you cam nar, waiting at th foot of th mountain; and flams of fir wnt up from th mountain to th hart of havn, with dark clouds, and all was black as night. 84 Trasury of Scriptural Knowldg; by Cann, Brown, Blayny, Scott, and othrs about 1880, with introduction by R. A. Torry; courtsy of E-sword, Dut. 4:9.

117 5441 Th Book of Dutronomy Easy English God s Word Good Nws Bibl (TEV) Th Mssag Nw Simplifid Bibl You cam and stood at th dg of th mountain. You saw that it was on fir. Th sky was full of black clouds and thr was no light. So you cam and stood at th foot of th mountain, which was on fir with flams shooting into th sky. It was dark, cloudy, and gloomy. "Tll your childrn how you wnt and stood at th foot of th mountain which was covrd with thick clouds of dark smok and fir blazing up to th sky. You gathrd. You stood in th shadow of th mountain. Th mountain was ablaz with fir, blazing high into th vry hart of Havn. You stood in dp darknss and thick clouds.»tll your childrn how you wnt clos and stood at th foot of th mountain covrd with thick clouds of dark smok and fir blazing up to th sky. Thought-for-thought translations; paraphrass: Common English Bibl Th Living Bibl Nw Brkly Vrsion Nw Cntury Vrsion Nw Lif Vrsion Nw Living Translation Thn you all cam clos and stood at th foot of th mountain. Th mountain was blazing with fir up to th sky, with darknss, cloud, and thick smok! You stood at th foot of th mountain, and th mountain burnd with fir; flams shot far into th sky, surroundd by black clouds and dp darknss. You cam clos and stood at th foot of th mountain, whil th mountain was flaming with fir into th vry hart of th havns, which wr shroudd in darknss with thick black clouds; th LORD spok to you out of th midst of th fir. You hard a voic, but you caught no vision of any form; only a voic. V. 12 is includd for contxt. Whn you cam and stood at th bottom of th mountain, it blazd with fir that rachd to th sky, and black clouds mad it vry dark. You cam nar and stood at th bottom of th mountain. And th mountain burnd with fir into th havns, which wr covrd with darknss and black clouds. "You cam nar and stood at th foot of th mountain, whil flams from th mountain shot into th sky. Th mountain was shroudd in black clouds and dp darknss. Partially litral and partially paraphrasd translations: Amrican English Bibl 'Why, you wnt and stood at th bas of th mountain as it burnd with fir all th way into th havns. and thr was darknss, blacknss, and wind. Bck s Amrican Translation And you cam nar and stood at th foot of th mountain whil from th burning mountain, dark, cloudy, and gloomy, th flams shot up into th middl of havn. Intrnational Standard V Moss Warns against Idolatry "Whn you approachd and stood at th foot of th mountain-a mountain that was blazing with fir at its cord whil th sky was covrd with thick, dark clouds- th LORD your God spok from th midst of th fir. You hard th sound of words, but you saw no form; thr was only a voic. V. 12 is includd for contxt. Nw Advnt (Knox) Bibl And you, as you cam clos to th spurs of th mountain, found it snding up flams high as havn, all wrathd in darknss and cloud and mist. Today s NIV You cam nar and stood at th foot of th mountain [S Ex 3:1 ; S 19:17] whil it blazd with fir [S Ex 19:18 ; Hb 12:18-19] to th vry havns, with black clouds and dp darknss [S Ex 19:9 ; Ps 18:11 ; 97:2]. Translation for Translators Tll thm that your ancstors cam nar to th bottom of th mountain, whil th mountain burnd with a fir that wnt up to th sky, and th mountain was covrd with dark clouds and black smok. Mostly litral rndrings (with som occasional paraphrasing):

118 Dutronomy Chaptr Ancint Roots Translinar Frrar-Fnton Bibl Lxham English Bibl NIV UK And you nard and stood undr th mountain. Th mountain ignitd with fir from th hart of havn with darknss, clouds, and mist. So you approachd and stood blow th hill, whilst th hill burnd with fir up to th hart of th skis, with darknss, cloud, and gloom. And so you cam nar, and you stood undr th mountain, and th mountain was burning with fir up to th hart of th havn, dark with a vry thick cloud [Litrally "darknss, cloud, and vry thick darknss"]. You cam nar and stood at th foot of th mountain whil it blazd with fir to th vry havns, with black clouds and dp darknss. Catholic Bibls (thos having th imprimatur): Christian Community (1988) Thn you cam narr and stood at th foot of th mountain. It was burning in flams raching up to havn amid th dns fog and th dark clouds. Nw Amrican Bibl (2011) You cam nar and stood at th foot of th mountain, whil th mountain blazd to th hart of th havns with fir and was nvlopd in a dns black cloud. Ex. 19:7-20:21. Nw Jrusalm Bibl So you cam and stood at th foot of th mountain, and th mountain flamd to th vry sky, a sky darknd by cloud, murky and thundrous. Rvisd English Bibl Thn you cam nar and stood at th foot of th mountain, which was ablaz with fir to th vry skis, and thr was dark cloud and thick mist. Jwish/Hbrw Nams Bibls: Complt Jwish Bibl xgss companion Bibl JPS (Tanakh 1985) Kaplan Translation Orthodox Jwish Bibl You approachd and stood at th foot of th mountain; and th mountain blazd with fir to th hart of havn, with darknss, clouds and thick mist. And you approachd and stood undr th mountain; and th mountain kindld with fir to th hart of th havns with darknss, clouds and dripping darknss:... You cam forward and stood at th foot of th mountain. Th mountain was ablaz with flams to th vry skis, dark with dnsst clouds. You approachd and stood at th foot of th mountain. Th mountain was burning with a fir raching th hart of havn, with darknss, cloud and mist [Arafl. S Exodus 20:18. Or, 'storm' (Sptuagint).]. And y cam nar and stood at th foot of th mountain; th mountain burnd with ish unto th midst of Shomayim, with choshch, and anan, and thick darknss. Expandd/Embllishd Bibls: Th Expandd Bibl Th Gnva Bibl Krtzmann s Commntary NET Bibl Whn you cam [approachd] and stood at th bottom of th mountain, it blazd with fir that rachd to th sky, and black clouds mad it vry dark [Ex. 19:16-20]. And y cam nar and stood undr th mountain; and th mountain burnd with fir unto th midst of havn, with darknss, clouds, and thick darknss. Th law was givn with farful miracls, to dclar both that God was th author of it, and also that no flsh was abl to abid th rigour of th sam. And y cam nar and stood undr th mountain, at its foot; and th mountain burnd with fir unto th midst of havn, so that th fir and th smok ros up into th sky as far as th y could rach, with darknss, clouds, and thick darknss, for th happnings on th mountain wr scrnd from th ys of th popl by a havy scrn of dark clouds. You approachd and stood at th foot of th mountain, a mountain ablaz to th sky abov it and yt dark with a thick cloud [Hb "darknss, cloud, and havy cloud."].

119 5443 Th Book of Dutronomy Th Voic You all cam and stood at th foot of th mountain. It blazd with fir all th way up into th sky whil dark clouds and mist obscurd your viw. Litral, almost word-for-word, rndrings: Concordant Litral Vrsion Contxt Group Vrsion Darby Translation English Standard Vrsion God s Truth (Tyndal) NASB World English Bibl Young s Updatd LT Th gist of this vrs: Thn you approachd and stood blow th mountain, whn th mountain was consuming with fir unto th hart of th havns, with darknss, cloud and murkinss, and Yahwh spok to you from th midst of th fir; you wr haring th sound of words, yt you wr not sing a physical rprsntation, nothing xcpt a voic. V. 12 is includd for contxt. And you {pl} cam nar and stood undr th mountain; and th mountain burnd with fir to th hart of th skis { or havns }, with darknss, cloud, and thick darknss. And y cam nar and stood undr th mountain; and th mountain burnd with fir to th hart of havn, with darknss, clouds, and obscurity. And you cam nar and stood at th foot of th mountain, whil th mountain burnd with fir to th hart of havn, wrappd in darknss, cloud, and gloom....you cam and stood also undr th hill, and th hill burnt with fir: vn unto th midst of havn, and thr was darknss, clouds and mist. You cam nar and stood at th foot of th mountain, and th mountain burnd with fir to th vry hart of th havns: darknss, cloud and thick gloom. You cam nar and stood undr th mountain; and th mountain burnd with fir to th hart of th sky, with darknss, cloud, and thick darknss. And you draw nar and stand undr th mountain, and th mountain is burning with fir unto th hart of th havns darknss, cloud, ys, thick darknss. Th Isralits approachd th mountain, and stood at th foot of it, and thr was fir, but darknss all around. Dutronomy 4:11a Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs wa (or va) (åç) [pronouncd wah] and so, and thn, thn, and; so, that, yt, thrfor, consquntly; bcaus wâw conscutiv No Strong s # BDB #253 qârab ( ÈøÇá) [pronouncd B kaw-ra V] to com nar, to approach, to draw nar nd 2 prson masculin plural, Qal imprfct Strong #7126 BDB #897 wa (or va) (åç) [pronouncd wah] and so, and thn, thn, and; so, that, yt, thrfor, consquntly; bcaus wâw conscutiv No Strong s # BDB #253 âmad (òèîçã) [pronouncd ìaw-mahd] to tak a stand, to stand, to rmain, to ndur, to withstand; to stop, to cas nd 2 prson masculin singular, Qal imprfct Strong's #5975 BDB #763 tachath (úìçççú) [pronouncd TAHkhahth] undrnath, blow, undr, bnath; instad of, in liu of; in th plac [in which on stands]; in xchang for; on th basis of prposition of location or foundation Strong s #8478 BDB #1065

120 Dutronomy Chaptr Dutronomy 4:11a Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs All of th BDB dfinitions: 1) th undr part, bnath, instad of, as, for, for th sak of, flat, unto, whr, whras; 1a) th undr part (noun masculin); 1b) bnath (advrbial accusativ); 1c) undr, bnath (prposition); 1c1) at th foot of (idiom); 1c2) swtnss, subjction, woman, bing burdnd or opprssd (figurativly); 1c3) of subjction or conqust; 1d) what is undr on, th plac in which on stands (noun masculin); 1d1) in on s plac, th plac in which on stands (idiom with rflxiv pronoun); 1d2) in plac of, instad of (in transfrrd sns); 1d3) in plac of, in xchang or rturn for (of things mutually intrchangd); 1) instad of, instad of that (conjunction); 1f) in rturn for that, bcaus that (conjunction); 1g) in, undr, into th plac of (aftr vrbs of motion) (in compounds); 1h) from undr, from bnath, from undr th hand of, from his plac, undr, bnath. har (äçø) [pronouncd har] hill; mountain, mount; hillcountry, a mountainous ara, mountain rgion masculin singular noun with th dfinit articl Strong s #2022 (and #2042) BDB #249 Translation: So, you [all] cam nar and th stood at th foot of th mountain... Moss assmbld th popl at th bas of th mountain. God had calld for thm to b assmbld. This would hav includd som of th popl to whom Moss is spaking; but mostly, this would hav bn thir parnts who wr gathrd thr. It is unclar whthr thir sons and daughtrs wr brought nar as wll my ducatd guss is, thy wr. Thrfor, Moss can giv this dscription to thm, and it rsonats with his audinc. Dutronomy 4:11b Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs w (or v ) (åà or åì) [pronouncd wh] and, vn, thn; namly; whn; sinc, that; though; as wll as simpl wâw conjunction No Strong s # BDB #251 har (äçø) [pronouncd har] hill; mountain, mount; hillcountry, a mountainous ara, mountain rgion masculin singular noun with th dfinit articl Strong s #2022 (and #2042) BDB #249 bâ ar (áìèòçø) [pronouncd baw-ìahr] is burning, is bginning to burn, kindling; burning; bing consumd [with fir] Qal activ participl Strong s #1197 BDB #128 h b (áìà) [pronouncd b ] in, into, through; at, by, nar, on, upon; with, bfor, against; by mans of; among; within a prposition of proximity Strong s# non BDB #88 sh (àæù) [pronouncd aysh] fir, lightning, suprnatural fir; prsnc of Y howah, th attndanc of a thophany fminin singular noun with th dfinit articl Strong's #784 BDB #77 ad (òçã) [pronouncd ìahd] as far as, vn to, up to, until prposition of duration or of limits Strong s #5704 BDB #723 lêb (ìåá) [pronouncd b lay v] hart, innr man, mind, will, thinking; midst masculin singular construct Strong's #3820 BDB #524

121 5445 Th Book of Dutronomy Dutronomy 4:11b Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs shâmayîm (ùèîçéäí) [pronouncd shaw-mahyim] havn, havns, skis; th visibl havns, as in as abod of th stars or as th visibl univrs, th sky, atmosphr, tc.; Havn (as th abod of God) masculin dual noun with th dfinit articl Strong s #8064 BDB #1029 Th NET Bibl: Hb a mountain burning with fir as far as th hart of th havns. Th Hbrw trm ùèîçéäí 85 (shamayim) may b translatd havn(s) or sky dpnding on th contxt. Translation:... and th mountain is burning with fir vn to th midst of th havns... Th mountain was burning with fir, and that fir wnt up into th havns. In th Bibl, fir gnrally spaks of judgmnt. Thy wr about to rciv th Tn Commandmnts, and th Tn Commandmnts (along with th rst of th Law) condmns us. I cannot go to th Tn Commandmnts and vr mak th claim that I hav followd thm all. So thy condmn m bfor God. Thy ar a basic standard for my lif bfor God and my intraction with man; and I hav clarly faild. Dutronomy 4:11c Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs chôshk ( çéùæ) [pronouncd KHOHshk ] darknss, obscurity, xtraordinary [xtrm] darknss; mtaphorically for misry, advrsity, sadnss, wickdnss; dstruction; ignoranc masculin singular noun Strong s #2822 BDB #365 Th ida of xtrm darknss can b found in is us in Ex. 10:21 14:20; it can rfr to a scrt plac or a hiding plac in Job 12:22 34:22 Psalm 39:11 12 Isa. 45:3; and it can rfr to a plac of distrss (Job 15:22, 23, 30 Isa. 5:3 9:1 29:18); drad (Job 2:4 3:4 Amos 5:18, 20 Zph. 1:15); mourning (Isa. 47:5), prplxity or confusion (Job 5:14 12:25 19:8 Psalm 35:6); ignoranc (Job 37:19 Eccl. 2:14); vil or sin (Isa. 5:20 Prov. 2:13); and obscurity (Eccl. 6:4). Ths manings and passags wr takn dirctly out of BDB. ânân (òèðèï) [pronouncd ìaw-nawn] cloud (as a viling ovr or covring of havn) masculin singular noun Strong s #6051 BDB #777 w (or v ) (åà or åì) [pronouncd wh] and, vn, thn; namly; whn; sinc, that; though; as wll as simpl wâw conjunction No Strong s # BDB #251 ãrâphl (òâøèôæì) [pronouncd ìur-aw- FELL] cloud, havy or dark cloud, darknss, gross darknss, thick darknss masculin singular noun Strong s #6205 BDB #791 Translation:... [it is] a darknss, a cloud [ovrhad], and thick darknss. Yt, dspit all of th fir, th plac was nshroudd with darknss, with a cloud. 85 From accssd April 6, 2015 (footnot).

122 Dutronomy Chaptr Although vry ral and litral, all of this is symbolic as wll. God's prfct Law is brought into a world of darknss and w s but flashs of light to occasionally clarify that which is ral in th darknss in which w liv. Having livd in Txas for som tim, during som storms, with th clouds and th darknss and th impnding gloom, you can barly prciv of th shaps of things howvr, ths storms will b cut through by ths flashs of lightning which, for a split scond, will illuminat th ntir ara. Th giving of God's Law was prsntd against this mtorological back drop. Evn though th actual numbr of popl who di in storm and tornado rlatd daths is rlativly fw, still, thr is nothing lik a farsom storm to instill a littl far into on's hart (admittdly, this will b lost on thos who liv on th Wst coast who s vry littl in th way of horrndous storms). Whn Moss was to mt with God, this was th scn a trmndous storm, with littl or no rain, but thick darknss, gloom, pircd by firy flashs of lightning. Now Mount Sinai [was] all in smok bcaus Y howah dscndd upon it in fir; and its smok ascndd lik th smok of a furnac, and th whol mountain quakd violntly (Ex. 19:18). Ptr Ptt: W must try and pictur th unforgttabl scn. Th multitud gathrd blow th mountain looking up in aw, th whol top of th mountain ablaz with fir, and yt th smok and th cloud and th thick darknss, and th mighty voic that spok from it with its trribl words. `Fir to th hart of havn' is a rmindr that this was no arthly fir, it was fir from th cntr of havn itslf, havnly fir, glorious, dazzling, intns and unarthly. It spok of His glory, His purity, his rightous judgmnt. And thn th cloud and th darknss which spok of His mystry, His unapproachablnss (1 Timothy 6:16), dclaring a glory so intns that it must b hiddn in ordr to b rvald. If w rmmbr what God is lik, w too will b mor carful how w approach Him. 86 Through Christ w ar wlcomd, but w should vr rmmbr Who H is. And so spaks Y howah unto you [all] from And Y howah spok to you [all] from th midst a midst of th fir. A sound of words you Dutronomy of th fir. You hard th sound of words, but wr haring and a form [thr is] non [for] you [all] sing only sound. 4:12 you did not s a form [of any kind] [you] only [hard] sound. Jhovah spok to all of you from th midst of th fir. You could har His words, but you could not s God you wr only abl to prciv th sound of His voic. Hr is how othrs hav translatd this vrs: Ancint txts: Masortic Txt (Hbrw) Targum of Onklos Latin Vulgat Pshitta (Syriac) Sptuagint (Grk) Significant diffrncs: And so spaks Y howah unto you [all] from a midst of th fir. A sound of words you wr haring and a form [thr is] non [for] you [all] sing only sound. And th Lord spak with you on th mountain from th midst of th fir: you hard th voic of th word, but you saw no lik-nss, but only a voic spaking. And th Lord spok to you from th midst of th fir. You hard th voic of his words, but you saw not any form at all. And th LORD spok to you on th mountain out of th midst of th fir; you hard th sound of th words, but saw no form; thr was only a voic. And th Lord spok to you out of th midst of th fir a voic of words, which you hard: and you saw no liknss, only you hard a voic. Both th targum and th Syriac add in on th mountain as th scond phras. Th Latin lavs out th final phras of haring a voic (or, sound). Limitd Vocabulary Translations: 86 From accssd May 12, 2015.

123 5447 Th Book of Dutronomy Bibl in Basic English Easy English Good Nws Bibl (TEV) Th Mssag NIRV Nw Simplifid Bibl And th voic of th Lord cam to you out of th fir: th sound of his words cam to your ars but you saw no form; thr was nothing but a voic. Thn from th fir, th LORD spok to you. You hard him spak but you did not s any shap. Thr was only a voic. Tll thm how th LORD spok to you from th fir, how you hard him spaking but did not s him in any form at all. GOD spok to you out of th fir. You hard th sound of words but you saw nothing-no form, only a voic. Thn th Lord spok to you out of th fir. You hard th sound of his words. But you didn't s any shap or form. You only hard a voic.»tll thm how Jhovah spok to you from th fir. Tll thm that you hard him spak but did not s him in any form at all. Thought-for-thought translations; paraphrass: Common English Bibl Contmporary English V. Th Living Bibl Nw Living Translation Th Lord spok to you out of th vry fir itslf. You hard th sound of words, but you didn't s any form. Thr was only a voic. Mount Sinai was surroundd by dp dark clouds, and fir wnt up to th sky. You cam to th foot of th mountain, and th LORD spok to you from th fir. You could har him and undrstand what h was saying, but you couldn't s him. V. 11 infinitiv absolut is includd for contxt. And th Lord spok to you from th fir; you hard his words but didn't s him. Thn th Lord spok to you from th cntr of th fir. You hard th sound of words, but saw no body. Thr was only a voic. Partially litral and partially paraphrasd translations: Amrican English Bibl Nw Advnt (Knox) Bibl Translation for Translators Thn Jhovah spok to you from th midst of th fir with a voic and words that you hard. although you saw no shap, you hard th voic! From th hart of thos flams th Lord spok to you, so that you could har his voic, but had no vision of his form. Thn Yahwh spok to your ancstors out of th middl of th fir. Your ancstors hard him spak, but thy did not s him. Thy only hard his voic. Mostly litral rndrings (with som occasional paraphrasing): Ancint Roots Translinar Frrar-Fnton Bibl Jubil Bibl 2000 Lxham English Bibl Yahwh spok to you from amidst th fir. You hard th voic of th words, but saw no pictur bsids th voic. Thr th EVER-LIVING spok to you from th midst of th fir. You hard a Voic spaking to you! - but no Imag apparing! A Voic alon! And th LORD spok unto you out of th midst of th fir; y hard th voic of th words, but saw no liknss; only y hard a voic. And Yahwh spok to you from th midst of th fir; you hard[u] a sound of words, but you did not s [Litrally "you wr not sing"] a form-only a voic. Catholic Bibls (thos having th imprimatur): Christian Community (1988) And Yahwh spok to you from th midst of th fir. You hard th sound of words but did not s any figur; you only hard a voic. Nw Jrusalm Bibl Yahwh thn spok to you from th hart of th fir; you hard th sound of words but saw no shap; thr was only a voic. Rvisd English Bibl Whn th LORD spok to you from th hart of th fir you hard a voic spaking, but you saw no form; thr was only a voic.

124 Dutronomy Chaptr Jwish/Hbrw Nams Bibls: Complt Jwish Bibl xgss companion Bibl JPS (Tanakh 1985) Kaplan Translation Orthodox Jwish Bibl Thn ADONAI spok to you out of th fir! You hard th sound of words but saw no shap, thr was only a voic....and Yah Vh wordd to you from midst th fir: you hard th voic of th words, but saw no manifstation - xcpt a voic. Th Lord spok to you out of th fir; you hard th sound of words but prcivd no shap-nothing but a voic. Thn God spok to you out of th fir. You hard th sound of words, but saw no imag; thr was only a voic. And Hashm spok unto you out of th midst of th ish; y hard th voic of th dvarim, but saw no tmunah (form, smblanc); only y hard a voic. Expandd/Embllishd Bibls: Th Expandd Bibl Krtzmann s Commntary NET Bibl Th Voic Th Lord spok to you from th fir. You hard th sound of words, but you did not L s him [ a form]; thr was only a voic. And th Lord spak unto you out of th midst of th fir; y hard th voic, th sound, of th words, but saw no similitud, no form of God; only y hard a voic. God did not manifst Himslf in any outlin or shap which was visibl to human ys. Thn th Lord spok to you from th middl of th fir; you hard spch but you could not s anything - only a voic was hard. Th words "was hard" ar supplid in th translation to avoid th imprssion that th voic was sn. Thn th Etrnal spok to you from insid that fir. You hard His voic, you hard His words, but you didn't s His shap-you only hard a voic. Litral, almost word-for-word, rndrings: Contxt Group Vrsion English Standard Vrsion God s Truth (Tyndal) Nw Europan Vrsion Nw King Jams Vrsion Updatd Bibl Vrsion 2.11 Wbstr s Bibl Translation World English Bibl Young s Updatd LT Th gist of this vrs: And YHWH spok to you {pl} out of th midst of th fir: you {pl} hard th voic of words, but you {pl} saw no form; [ you {pl} hard ] only a voic. Thn th LORD spok to you out of th midst of th fir. You hard th sound of words, but saw no form; thr was only a voic. And th Lord spok unto you out of th fir and you hard th voic of th words: But saw no imag, sav hard a voic only. Yahwh spok to you out of th midst of th fir; you hard th voic of words, but you saw no form; you only hard a voic. And th Lord spok to you out of th midst of th fir. You hard th sound of th words, but saw no form; you only hard a voic. And Yahwh spok to you+ out of th midst of th fir: you+ hard th voic of words, but you+ saw no form; [you+ hard] only a voic. And th LORD spok to you out of th midst of th fir: y hard th voic of th words, but saw no similitud; only [y hard] a voic. Yahwh spok to you out of th midst of th fir: you hard th voic of words, but you saw no form; only you hard a voic. And Jhovah spaks unto you out of th midst of th fir; a voic of words you ar haring and a similitud you ar not sing, only a voic. Thy could hard God s voic coming out of th fir, but thy could not s any form.

125 5449 Th Book of Dutronomy Dutronomy 4:12a Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs wa (or va) (åç) [pronouncd wah] and so, and thn, thn, and; so, that, yt, thrfor, consquntly; bcaus wâw conscutiv No Strong s # BDB #253 dâbar (ãìèáçø) [pronouncd b daw -VAHR] to spak, to dclar, to proclaim, to announc rd 3 prson masculin singular, Qal imprfct Strong s #1696 BDB #180 YHWH (éäåä) [pronunciation is possibly yhoh-wah] translitratd variously as Jhovah, Yahwh, Y howah propr noun Strong s #3068 BDB #217 l (àæì) [pronouncd hl] unto; into, among, in; toward, to; against; concrning, rgarding; bsids, togthr with; as to dirctional prposition (rspct or dfrnc may b implid) with th nd 2 prson masculin plural suffix Strong's #413 BDB #39 min (îäï) [pronouncd mihn] from, off, out from, out of, away from, on account of, sinc, than, mor than prposition of sparation Strong's #4480 BDB #577 tâvk ( úìèåæ) [pronouncd E taw-vek ] midst, among, middl masculin singular construct Strong's #8432 BDB #1063 With th min prposition, this can man from th midst [of anything]; out from, out of. sh (àæù) [pronouncd aysh] fir, lightning, suprnatural fir; prsnc of Y howah, th attndanc of a thophany fminin singular noun with th dfinit articl Strong's #784 BDB #77 Translation: And Y howah spok to you [all] from th midst of th fir. God spok to all of th popl from th midst of th fir. On of th fascinating things which I hav obsrvd is, God dos signs and miracls from tim to tim which ar dirctly rlatd to His audinc. Whn lading th popl out of Egypt and guiding thm in th dsrt, God s signs and miracls had to rach all of th popl. H could not do a minor thing hr or thr; all of th signs ndd to b signs which 2 million popl could obsrv, in som way or anothr. God s signs and miracls prformd in Egypt wr dirctd toward His Egyptian audinc. Ths signs wr both ral and symbolic. Furthrmor, thy wr big, so that all Egypt knw. Similarly, Jsus Christ prformd miracls which wr appropriat to His audinc; and ths miracls wr oftn smallr and vry spcifically dirctd to impact a fw popl. Thrfor, ths popl ar gathrd to th mountain and thy can s of th fir of th mountain, with darknss all around thm. Thn thy hard words coming out from th fir, which was God spaking to thm.

126 Dutronomy Chaptr Dutronomy 4:12b Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs qôwl ( åéì) [pronouncd kohl] sound, voic, nois; loud nois, thundring masculin singular construct Strong s #6963 BDB #876 d bârîym (ãìàáèøäéí) b [pronouncd daw -vawr- EEM] words, sayings, doctrins, commands; things, mattrs, affairs; rports masculin plural noun Strong's #1697 BDB #182 attm (àçúìæí) [pronouncd aht-tem] you all, you guys, you (oftn, th vrb to b is implid) nd 2 prson masculin plural, prsonal pronoun Strong s #859 BDB #61 shâma (ùèîçò) [pronouncd shaw- MAHÌ] haring, listning; on who listns [hars]; on paying attntion; to listning [and agring] masculin plural, Qal activ participl Strong's #8085 BDB #1033 So far, this vrb occurs many tims in this chaptr in various forms. Translation: You hard th sound of words,... Thy could har God. Thy could all har God spaking to thm. Whnvr this incidnt is spokn of, it dos not appar as if th popl could actually har what God said to thm. Thy wr too workd up about God spaking to thm to concntrat. Th first tim I hard R. B. Thim, Jr. spak in prson, it was difficult to concntrat at first. I had listnd to him on tap in a varity of diffrnt placs (including in a taprs church) for about 5 yars. So sing him spak during th northrn California confrnc, it was quit xciting. Now I undrstood that I ndd to calm down, listn and tak nots. So, vntually, aftr a fw minuts, I was abl to do this. Th Isralits wr totally unprpard for God spaking to thm. Thy wr totally unprpard for th fir and th dark clouds. Thir concntration lvl nvr adjustd. Thy knw thy wr haring God; and thy knw that thy did not lik that. Dutronomy 4:12c Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs w (or v ) (åà or åì) [pronouncd wh] and; vn; in particular, namly; whn, whil; sinc, sing, though; so, thn, thrfor; or; but, but yt; who, which; or; that, in that; with; also, in addition to, at th sam tim simpl wâw conjunction No Strong s # BDB #251 t mûwnâh (úìàîåìðèä) [pronouncd tm-oo- NAW] a form, imag; liknss, rprsntation, similitud, smblanc; somthing portiond out, an undfinabl shap, a manifstation fminin singular noun Strong's #8544 BDB #568

127 5451 Th Book of Dutronomy Dutronomy 4:12c Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs êyn (àåéï) [pronouncd ân] nothing, not, [is] not; not prsnt, not rady; xprsss nonxistnc, absnc or nonpossssion; [thr is] no [non, not on, no on, not] particl of ngation; substantiv of ngation nd with th 2 prson masculin plural suffix Strong s #369 BDB #34 râ âh (øèàèä) [pronouncd raw-awh] sing; obsrving; undrstanding; a sr, prcivr masculin plural, Qal activ participl Strong's #7200 BDB #906 So far, this vrb occurs many tims in this chaptr in various forms. zûlâh (æåììèä) [pronouncd zoo-lah] xcpt, bsids, only, sav that, with th xcption of prposition, conjunction Strong s #2108 BDB #265 qôwl ( åéì) [pronouncd kohl] sound, voic, nois; loud nois, thundring masculin singular noun Strong s #6963 BDB #876 Translation:...but you did not s a form [of any kind] [you] only [hard] sound. Thr was nothing to s. Thy could s th fir, thy could s th darknss, but thy could not s a form of any kind. Thy could only har God s voic. Th word for form is t mûwnâh (úìàîåìðèä) [pronouncd tm-oo-naw] and it mans somthing portiond out, an undfinabl shap, a manifstation, a form, a liknss. This word is found in Ex. 20:4 Num. 12:8 Dut. 4:12, 15 16, 23, 25 5:8 Job 4:16 Psalm 17:15* and it is usd primarily of th manifstation of our Lord Jsus Christ. Strong's #4327 & 8544 BDB #568. During a tim whn othr nations had gods constructd of wood or mtals, th Isralits wr taught that God was a Spirit, not a form which could b prcivd, dscribd and duplicatd. This was not a mattr of th Jws just simply having a diffrnt cultur or bing raisd diffrntly. Rcall that aftr Moss had bn up on Mount Sinai for 30 or 40 days, th Isralits talkd Aaron into casting a goldn calf idol for thm to worship (Ex. 32). Thrfor, thir natural inclination was toward idolatry, as that is how th othr nations bhavd, including Egypt, from whnc thy had just com. So, had th rligion of Isral bn a natural growth out of thir cultur, it would not hav cast asprsions upon idolatry, but rathr mbracd it wholhartdly, and passags lik this, which suggst that God is a Spirit, would not b found. On of th ky diffrncs btwn th ancint practic of idolatry is you could s an idol; th Isralits, dspit thir clos contact with God, could not s Him. His omniprsnc prcluds us sing Him. W can, at bst, s a manifstation of Him,.g., a burning bush or an Angl from Y howah. Bcaus of this and bcaus th fact that Satan is th most bautiful cratur to com from th hand of God (if w wr allowd to s him, many of us would worship him bcaus of his bauty alon), idolatry is forbiddn. Furthrmor, w know that "God is spirit; and thos who worship Him must worship [Him] in spirit and truth." (John 4:24). And th ntir tnor of Scriptur, from th Old Tstamnt to th Nw Tstamnt is that God cannot b rprsntd by idols mad from man's hands, nor is H a man of flsh, but H is a Spirit, omniprsnt. J. Vrnon McG: Th Lord Jsus statd it vry clarly: "God is a Spirit: and thy that worship him must worship him in spirit and in truth" ( John 4:24 ). Popl wr nvr to hav any liknss of God whatsovr. Th Lord Jsus bcam a man, but th Bibl dos not giv us any physical dscription of Him. Now you will probably think I am picayunish, if you havn't alrady com to that conclusion, but I do not bliv in picturs of Jsus. I know that many lovly popl fl that a pictur of Jsus hlps thm to worship Him. Lt m tll you what was said by an old Scottish commntator: "Mn nvr paint a pictur of Jsus until thy hav lost th prsnc of Him in thir harts." W nd Him in our harts today, not in color on a canvas. Ths ar trmndous and trnal truths which God is giving

128 Dutronomy Chaptr us in this chaptr. Th instructions which wr givn to Isral in that day ar grat principls for us 87 to carry ovr for ourslvs today, bcaus truth is trnal. Bcaus of God's prfction and holinss, th childrn of Isral could not look upon Him. Th rvald mmbr of th Godhad would hav bn Jsus Christ, whr vn just a small portion of His glory would b a blinding whit light. And all th popl prcivd th thundr [lit., sounds] and th lightning flashs and th sound of th trumpt and th mountain smoking; and whn th popl saw, thy trmbld and stood at a distanc. Thn thy said to Moss, "Spak to us yourslf and w will listn, but do not lt God spak with us or w will di." And Moss said to th popl, "Do not b afraid; for God has com in ordr to tst you, and in ordr that th far of Him may rmain with you, so that you may not sin." So th popl stood at a distanc, whil Moss approachd th thic cloud whr God [was]. Thn Y howah said to Moss, "Thus you will say to th sons of Isral: 'You yourslvs hav sn that I hav spok with you from havn.' " (Ex. 20:18 22). Th Tn Commandmnts wr givn audibly to th childrn of Isral, th first tim. Th voic that pircd th darknss, as th lightning, was too much for th childrn of Isral, and thy askd to b shildd from God. On of th fw tims that thy rspondd in typ thy rquird a mdiator a man to stand btwn thm and God. Do you s th typ bing st up? Th Isralits could not vn har th taching of th Law of God; thy rquird a mdiator (in this cas, Moss). But Moss rprsnts th Grat Mdiator, Jsus Christ, Who stands btwn us and th Law, providing us a way of scap. If w stand just bfor th Law, w ar all condmnd. Thomas Constabl: Bcaus God did not rval Himslf in any physical form H forbad th Isralits from making any liknss of Him as an aid to worship (Dutronomy 4:15-18). Thy wr not to worship th havnly bodis for this purpos ithr (Dutronomy 4:19), as did othr ancint Nar Eastrnrs. Christians may not fac th tmptation to rprsnt God in wood or ston, but w must b carful about thinking w can contain or limit Him or fully comprhnd Him. Evn though w hav 88 rcivd much rvlation about God w cannot fully grasp all thr is to apprciat about Him. Our xprinc in th Church Ag is quit diffrnt: For you hav not com to [a mountain] that may b touchd and to a blazing fir, and to darknss and gloom and whirlwind and to th blast of a trumpt and th sound of words which, to thos who hard, bggd that no furthr word should b spokn to thm. But you hav com to Mount Zion, and to th city of th living God, th havnly Jrusalm, and to myriads of angls; to th gnral assmbly and church of th first-born who ar nrolld in havn and to God, th Judg of all, and to th spirits of rightous mn mad prfct, and to Jsus, th mdiator of a nw covnant, and to th sprinkld blood, which spaks bttr than [th blood] of Abl. S to it that you do not rfus Him who is spaking. For if thos did not scap whn thy rfusd him who warnd [thm] on arth, much lss will w [scap] who turn away from Him who [warns] us from havn (Hb. 12:18 19, 22 25). In th nxt chaptr, Moss will b giving again to th Gnration of Promis th Tn Commandmnts. Whthr this was on his mind at this tim or not is a mattr of spculation. I think that Moss knw h would tach th Tn Commandmnts onc again to this nw gnration. God th Holy Spirit sought to rmind this scond gnration of th miraculous way that thy rcivd th dcalogu. Thos listning wr tnagrs and youngr at th tim and th contnt would not hav bn as maningful to thm as th dlivranc of thos words dirctly from God. So Moss rminds thm of th fact that God spok ths words dirctly to thm, and thy rcall that. In his nxt mssag, Moss will immdiatly giv thm, for th scond tim, th Tn Commandmnts. Howvr, this tim th Gnration of Promis will b mor gard toward th contnt of th commandmnts than thy wr forty yars arlir. Moss will allow thm som tim to lt th mod of dlivranc to which thy wr witnss gl in thir souls bfor h givs thm contnt. W hav this sam anticipatory styl (as Rothrham rfrs to it) 89 occurring in Dut. 19 and 20 and in Dut. 31 and From (chaptr 4) accssd May 14, From accssd May 15, Th Emphasizd Bibl, Rothrham, p. 203.

129 5453 Th Book of Dutronomy V. 12, again: And Y howah spok to you out of th midst of th fir; a voic of words you [all] kpt haring and a similitud [or, form] you [all] continud not sing [lit., wr not sing] only a voic. On of th fals thoris of th authorship of th Pntatuch is that somon othr than Moss wrot ths words hundrds of yars latr. Rothrham asks th qustion, would any godly man in th days of Hzkiah or Manassh hav dard to invnt 90 ths dtails? Critics don't think ths things through. At som point in tim, thr has to b th first rading of th compltd Law of Moss. If it dosn't appar until th ighth cntury B.C., purporting to b an ywitnss account of th history cnturis prvious which has supposdly bn with th Jws for all of thos cnturis, don't you think som popl would gt a littl suspicious? Do you think that, if th Law of Moss was not a part of Isral s cultur and history, that out of almost nowhr, a manuscript appars, and suddnly, thr is th Mosaic Law, that thr would b automatic accptanc? You don t think that thr might b som skpticism (by som skpticism, I man, a lot of skpticism)? On th othr hand, if th Law of Moss is producd whn it is traditionally assumd to b producd; and if thir parnts, and thir parnts parnts, and thir parnts confirm th dtails of th Mosaic Law, thn would that not b thn accptd mor radily into thir cultur? This is what th Bibl claims for itslf, and it logically maks sns for it to happn this way; which thn givs crdnc to th Mosaic Law as bing a part of Jwish cultur from th vry bginning. What th Bibl claims for itslf maks prfct sns. Thr is th xistnc and th contnt of God's Word, thn in ordr for this to b takn as God's Word, th first tim this is givn a public rading or a public distribution, it will b during th tim of thos who witnssd th vnts. Thy confirm th dtails. And from gnration to gnration, w hav both th Word of God and th taching of ths dtails in vry gnration. Th Jws ar intllignt popl, thn as wll as now. Thy wouldn't, as a nation, mbrac som book purporting to b God's Word which dos not show up in thir history until cnturis and cnturis aftr th fact. Som miscllanous rligious guy dos not suddnly saw, Hy, I v got this book, and it is all about our history; and it has bn intgral to our history (vn though it has not bn). So it must b God s Word. H might gt a fw adhrnts, but thr would b no national following for a book which shows up out of nowhr cnturis aftr th fact. Evn th way th Pntatuch is writtn indicats that th xistnc of Scriptur was an accptd fact in th mind of th author. Moss rcordd what God had don and what God said and it was takn immdiatly as God's Word, as thos who rad it had obsrvd th historical vnts which took plac. Crtainly a cult, which is a minut portion of a population, might cling to som cult publication,.g., th Book of Mormon, oftn attributd to th charisma of thir foundrs. Howvr, much mor is rquird for an ntir nation to mbrac a book as God's Word. W hav no historical documntation of any sort to indicat that th Bibl was not takn by th Jws as God's Word at any tim in thir history. Now th litratur of th Grks to th litratur of today is filld with author's who hav sought to dbat th authnticity of Scriptur with nams such as Th Bibl Unmaskd, Contradictions found in th Bibl, tc.; gnrally, vry forgttabl books authord by thos with an ax to grind, but displaying littl or no acadmic vigor, books that di out aftr a printing or two, only to b rplacd by similar books for th nxt gnration of thos 91 suffring from ngativ volition. Howvr, w do not hav a similar typ of litratur from that day bcaus th authnticity of Scriptur was not an issu to thm at that tim bcaus ths popl livd it. V. 12 rads: And Y howah spok to you [all] from th midst of th fir. You hard th sound of words, but you did not s a form [of any kind] [you] only [hard] sound. Moss will us this fact to mak an argumnt against idolatry and manufacturing imags to rprsnt God. 90 Th Emphasizd Bibl, Rothrham, p Such books, by th way, should not b bannd, burnd or vn ridiculd; at thir vry worst, thy bolstr th ngativ volition of som unblivr, and at bst, th spur th intllct of a studnt of God's Word. From th silly Chariots of th Gods cam th xcllnt Crash go th Chariots. Thr is nothing wrong about viwing your faith critically; nor, should bcoming a Christian prclud thinking.

130 Dutronomy Chaptr And so H maks known to you [all] His H mad His covnant known to you, [th covnant which H commandd you [all] to Dutronomy covnant] which H commandd you to do tn of th words. And so h writs thm upon two of tabls of stons. 4:13 do th Tn Commandmnts. H wrot thm down on two tabls of ston. God mad His covnant known to you, which covnant H commandd you to do th Tn Commandmnts. H also wrot thm down on two tabls of ston. Hr is how othrs hav translatd this vrs: Ancint txts: Masortic Txt (Hbrw) Targum of Onklos Latin Vulgat Pshitta (Syriac) Sptuagint (Grk) Significant diffrncs: And so H maks known to you [all] His covnant which H commandd you [all] to do tn of th words. And so h writs thm upon two of tabls of stons. And H proclaimd to you His covnant which H commandd you to prform; Tn Words which H wrot upon sapphir tablts. And h showd you his covnant, which H commandd you to do, and th tn words that h wrot in two tabls of ston. And h dclard to you his covnant, which H commandd you to prform, vn tn commandmnts; and h wrot thm upon two tablts of ston. And H dclard to you His covnant, which H commandd you to kp, vn th Tn Commandmnts; and H wrot thm on two tabls of ston. Th targum has sapphir tablts rathr than ston tablts. Limitd Vocabulary Translations: Bibl in Basic English Easy English Easy-to-Rad Vrsion Good Nws Bibl (TEV) Th Mssag Nams of God Bibl NIRV Nw Simplifid Bibl And h gav you his agrmnt with you, th tn ruls which you wr to kp, which h put in writing on th two stons of th law. H xplaind to you his 10 spcial ruls and h wrot thm on two flat pics of ston. H commandd you to oby thm. Th Lord told you his Agrmnt. H told you th Tn Commandmnts and commandd you to follow thm. Th Lord wrot thos laws of th Agrmnt on two ston tablts. H told you what you must do to kp th covnant h mad with you---you must oby th Tn Commandmnts, which h wrot on two ston tablts. H announcd his covnant, th Tn Words, by which h commandd you to liv. Thn h wrot thm down on two slabs of ston. Yahwh told you about th trms of his promis, th tn commandmnts, which h commandd you to do. Thn h wrot thm on two ston tablts. H announcd his covnant to you. That covnant is th Tn Commandmnts. H commandd you to oby thm. Thn h wrot thm down on two ston tablts.»h told you what you must do to kp th covnant h mad with you. You must oby th Tn Commandmnts, which h wrot on two ston tablts. Thought-for-thought translations; paraphrass: Contmporary English V. Th Living Bibl Th LORD said h was making an agrmnt with you, and h told you that your part of th agrmnt is to oby th Tn Commandmnts. Thn th LORD wrot ths Commandmnts on two flat stons. H proclaimd th laws you must oby-th Tn Commandmnts-and wrot thm on two ston tablts.

131 5455 Th Book of Dutronomy Nw Cntury Vrsion Nw Lif Vrsion Th Lord told you about his Agrmnt, th Tn Commandmnts. H told you to oby thm, and h wrot thm on two ston tablts. H told you His agrmnt which H told you to kp, th Tn Laws. And H wrot thm on two pics of ston. Partially litral and partially paraphrasd translations: Amrican English Bibl Intrnational Standard V Nw Advnt (Knox) Bibl Translation for Translators Thn H proclaimd His Sacrd Agrmnt with you, and H ordrd you to kp th Tn Commandmnts that H wrot on th two tablts of ston. H dclard to you his covnant, which h commandd you to obsrv-th Tn Commandmnts that h wrot on two ston tablts. H told you of his covnant, that you wr to kp; uttrd tn warnings, which h wrot down on two ston tablts; bad m, at that sam tim, hand on to you th obsrvancs and dcrs you wr to follow in th land that should on day b your hom. V. 14 is includd for contxt. And h dclard to thm his agrmnt that h wants you also to oby. H gav thm Tn Commandmnts. H wrot thos on two ston tablts. Mostly litral rndrings (with som occasional paraphrasing): Ancint Roots Translinar Frrar-Fnton Bibl Jubil Bibl 2000 Lxham English Bibl NIV UK H told you his covnant which h commandd you to do, th tn words h wrot ovr two ston tablts. And it informd you of th Covnant which H commandd you to practis ; - th Tn Commandmnts, - and wrot thm upon two tabls of ston. And h dclard unto you his covnant, which h commandd you to prform, th tn words; and h wrot thm upon two tabls of ston. And h dclard to you his covnant, th Tn Commandmnts [Litrally "th tn words"], which h chargd you to obsrv [Litrally "to do"], and h wrot thm on th two tablts of ston. H dclard to you his covnant, th Tn Commandmnts, which h commandd you to follow and thn wrot thm on two ston tablts. Catholic Bibls (thos having th imprimatur): Christian Community (1988) And Yahwh spok to you that you might know his Covnant by which h commandd you to kp his tn commandmnts, which h had writtn on two slabs of ston. Th Hritag Bibl And h causd his covnant to stand out boldly to you, Tn Commandmnts which h commandd you to do, and h ngravd thm upon two tablts of ston. Nw Amrican Bibl (2011) H proclaimd to you his covnant, which h commandd you to kp: th tn words [Tn words: th tn commandmnts, or dcalogu (cf. 5:22; Ex 34:28).], which h wrot on two ston tablts. Dt 5:6-21; 10:4; Ex 20:1-17; 24:12; 31:18; 34: Nw Jrusalm Bibl H rvald his covnant to you and commandd you to obsrv it, th Tn Words which h inscribd on two tablts of ston. Nw RSV H dclard to you his covnant, which h chargd you to obsrv, that is, th tn commandmnts [Hb th tn words]; and h wrot thm on two ston tablts. Rvisd English Bibl H announcd to you th trms of his covnant, bidding you obsrv th Tn Commandmnts, which h wrot on two ston tablts. Jwish/Hbrw Nams Bibls: Complt Jwish Bibl H proclaimd his covnant to you, which h ordrd you to oby, th Tn Words; and h wrot thm on two ston tablts.

132 Dutronomy Chaptr xgss companion Bibl JPS (Tanakh 1985) Kaplan Translation Orthodox Jwish Bibl And h told you th covnant h misvahd you to work - tn words; and h inscribd thm on two slabs of ston. H dclard to you th covnant that H commandd you to obsrv, th Tn Commandmnts; and H inscribd thm on two tablts of ston. H announcd to you His covnant, instructing you to kp th Tn Commandmnts [Litrally, 'Tn Words' or 'Tn Statmnts.'], and H wrot thm on two ston tablts [S Exodus 31:18.]. And H dclard unto you His Brit, which H commandd you to do, vn Asrs HaDvarim; and H wrot thm upon shni luchot avanim (two tablts of ston). Expandd/Embllishd Bibls: Th Expandd Bibl Krtzmann s Commntary NET Bibl Th Voic Th Lord told you about his Agrmnt [Covnant; Traty], th Tn L Commandmnts [ Words]. H told you to oby thm, and h wrot thm on two ston tablts. And h dclard unto you His covnant which H commandd you to prform, vn tn commandmnts, Ex. 20:1-17; Ex. 34:28; and H wrot thm upon two tabls of ston. Th covnant consistd ssntially in this, that th doing on th part of th popl corrspondd to th command on th part of th Lord. As th mmory of God's goodnss and of th covnant was to induc Isral to b faithful to Him, so w Christians should vr kp His kindnss and His mrcy bfor our ys as a spur to a lif of sanctification. And h rvald to you th covnant20 h has commandd you to kp, th tn commandmnts [Hb "th tn words."], writing thm on two ston tablts. H told you what to do to kp th covnant H mad with you. H gav you th Tn Dirctivs and ngravd two copis of thm on two ston tablts. Litral, almost word-for-word, rndrings: Concordant Litral Vrsion Contxt Group Vrsion Grn s Litral Translation God s Truth (Tyndal) NASB Nw King Jams Vrsion World English Bibl Young s Updatd LT Th gist of this vrs: H told you His covnant which H instructd you to kp, th tn words. Thn H wrot thm on two tablts of ston. And h dclard to you {pl} his covnant, which h commandd you {pl} to prform, vn th tn commandmnts; and h wrot thm on two tabls of ston. And H dclard His covnant to you which H has commandd you to do, th Tn Commandmnts; and H wrot thm on two tablts of ston. And h dclard unto you his covnant, which h commandd you to do, vn tn vrss and wrot thm in two tabls of ston. So H dclard to you His covnant which H commandd you to prform, that is, th Tn Commandmnts [Lit Words]; and H wrot thm on two tablts of ston. So H dclard to you His covnant which H commandd you to prform, th Tn Commandmnts; and H wrot thm on two tablts of ston. H dclard to you his covnant, which h commandd you to prform, vn th tn commandmnts; and h wrot thm on two tabls of ston. And H dclars to you His covnant, which H has commandd you to do, th Tn Mattrs, and H writs thm upon two tabls of ston. God dclard to thm th Tn Commandmnts and wrot thm upon tablts of ston.

133 5457 Th Book of Dutronomy Dutronomy 4:13a Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs wa (or va) (åç) [pronouncd wah] and so, and thn, thn, and; so, that, yt, thrfor, consquntly; bcaus wâw conscutiv No Strong s # BDB #253 nâgad (ðèâçã) [pronouncd naw-gahd] to mak conspicuous, to mak known, to xpound, to xplain, to dclar, to inform, to confss, to mak it pitifully obvious that rd 3 prson masculin singular, Hiphil imprfct Strong's #5046 BDB #616 lâmd (ìà) [pronouncd l ] to, for, towards, in rgards to dirctional/rlational prposition with th 2 nd prson masculin plural suffix No Strong s # BDB #510 êth (àæç) [pronouncd ayth] Indicats nxt word is th objct of th vrb; somtims translatd to untranslatd mark of a dirct objct Strong's #853 BDB #84 b rîyth (áìàøäéú) [pronouncd b rth] covnant; pact, allianc, traty, allianc, contract fminin singular noun rd with th 3 prson masculin singular suffix Strong s #1285 BDB #136 Th NET Bibl: This is th first occurrnc of th word b rîyth (áìàøäéú) [pronouncd b rth] (bÿrit, "covnant") in th Book of Dutronomy but it appars commonly hraftr (4:23, 31; 5:2, 3; 7:9, 12; 8:18; 9:9, 10, 11, 15; 10:2, 4, 5, 8; 17:2; 29:1, 9, 12, 14, 15, 18, 21, 25; 31:9, 16, 20, 25, 26; 33:9). Etymologically, it drivs from th 92 notion of linking or yoking togthr. ãshr (àâéùæø) [pronouncd uh-sher] that, which, whn, who, whom; whr rlativ pronoun Strong's #834 BDB #81 tsâvâh (öèåèä) [pronouncd tsaw-vaw] to commission, to mandat, to appoint; to ordain; to lay charg upon, to giv charg to, charg [command, ordr[; to instruct [as in, giving an ordr] rd 3 prson masculin singular, Pil prfct, 2 nd prson masculin plural suffix Strong's #6680 BDB #845 êth (àæç) [pronouncd ayth] you; untranslatd mark of a dirct objct; occasionally to you, toward you sign of th dirct objct nd affixd to a 2 prson masculin plural suffix Strong's #853 BDB #84 lâmd (ìà) [pronouncd l ] to, for, towards, in rgards to dirctional/rlational prposition No Strong s # BDB #510 âsâh (òèùéèä) [pronouncd ìaw-sawh] to do, to mak, to construct, to fashion, to form, to prpar, to manufactur; accomplish Qal infinitiv construct Strong's #6213 BDB #793 asârâh (òçùòèøèä) [pronouncd ìah-saw- RAW] tn fminin numral; construct form Strong s #6235 BDB # From accssd April 6, 2015 (footnot).

134 Dutronomy Chaptr Dutronomy 4:13a Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs d bârîym (ãìàáèøäéí) b [pronouncd daw -vawr- EEM] words, sayings, doctrins, commands; things, mattrs, affairs; rports masculin plural noun with th dfinit articl Strong's #1697 BDB #182 Translation: H mad His covnant known to you, [th covnant] which H commandd you to do th Tn Commandmnts. All of th popl hard God giv th Tn Commandmnts. Thy hard God s voic. This doctrin was originally found in Gn. 12 (HTML) (PDF) (WPD). Th Tn Commandmnts 1. Most of th Tn Commandmnts ar dsignd for blivrs and unblivrs alik; including th xactitud givn thm by Jsus Christ. 2. Although th Tn Commandmnts wr givn spcifically to th nation Isral, thy also provid an outlin for th prsrvation of frdom in an nation. 3. Th first 4 commandmnts provid a basic spiritual cod and th final 6 commandmnts provid a frdom cod for blivrs and unblivrs alik. 4. Paul tlls Timothy: Now w know that th law is good, if on uss it lgitimatly. Undrstanding that th law is not laid down for th just [blivrs] but for th lawlss and disobdint, for th ungodly and sinnrs, for th unholy and profan [all catgoris of unblivrs and out-of-fllowship blivrs], for thos who strik thir fathrs and mothrs, for murdrrs, th sxually immoral, mn who practic homosxuality, nslavrs, liars, prjurrs, and whatvr ls is contrary to sound doctrin, in accordanc with th gospl of th glory of th blssd God with which I hav bn ntrustd (1Tim. 1:8 11). This tlls us that portions of th Mosaic Law ar applicabl to all mankind. 5. Thrfor, th Tn Commandmnts ar a frdom cod which dscrib what frdom is within a national ntity, which is divin institution #5. In othr words, ths commandmnts protct m from you and you from m. Ths final 6 commandmnts also codify th Godly concpt of privat proprty. 6. Th first 3 commandmnts dfin th lgal rlationship btwn God and man, and ar discussd in th complt doctrin of th laws of divin stablishmnt. 7. Commandmnt #4: Rmmbr th Sabbath day, to kp it holy. Six days you will labor, and do all your work, but th svnth day is a Sabbath to th LORD your God. On it you will not do any work, you, or your son, or your daughtr, your mal srvant, or your fmal srvant, or your livstock, or th sojournr who is within your gats. For in six days th LORD mad havn and arth, th sa, and all that is in thm, and rstd on th svnth day. Thrfor th LORD blssd th Sabbath day and mad it holy. (Ex. 20:8 11). This was a law to th Jws only, although thr is application to us. Virtually all civilizations hav a 7-day wk, which is basd upon God s rstoration of th arth in 6 days (whthr thy admit to this or not). This is bcaus all civilizations hav thir original foundation in a 7-day wk. 8. Th final 6 commandmnts dfin th rlationship btwn mn within a national ntity, which ar th ssnc of a cod which provids frdom, protcts proprty rights, and protcts and prsrvs divin institutions #1 4. th 9. With th 5 commandmnt, w bgin to gt into th laws of divin stablishmnt, which ought to b carrid ovr into all nations and civilizations. Commandmnt #5: Honor your fathr and your mothr, that your days may b long in th land that th LORD your God is giving you. (Ex. 20:12). Hr, th rlationship of th family is codifid for all tim, and th nation which obys this commandmnt is assurd of a longr continuation of th nation in which h is in. Paul affirms this commandmnt and adds that this is th first commandmnt associatd with a promis of blssing from God (Eph. 6:1 2). This law is for all dispnsations, and a nation which disobys this is a nation which is on its way down (Communist nations which attmpt to brainwash childrn from a vry young ag and which vn turn childrn against thir parnts is in dirct violation of this commandmnt).

135 5459 Th Book of Dutronomy 10. Commandmnt #6: You will not murdr. (Ex. 20:13). This was on of th first commandmnts givn to man aftr th flood (Gn. 9:6, whr man was rsponsibl to punish thos who murdrd with dath). Murdr rprsnts th ultimat in th rmoval of anothr prson s ability to mak fr will dcisions. This is an attack upon divin institution #1, and dpnding upon that status of that prson, possibly divin institutions #2 and #3 as wll. 11. Commandmnt #7: You will not commit adultry. (Ex. 20:14). Adultry is forbiddn in Rom. 7:2 3 and Hb. 13:4. It is an attack upon divin institutions #2 and #3. Marriag and family ar divin institutions, which adultry can dstroy. 12. Commandmnt #8: You will not stal. (Ex. 20:15). Paul writs, in Eph. 4:28: Lt th thif no longr stal, but rathr lt him labor, doing honst work with his own hands, so that h may hav somthing to shar with anyon in nd. This commandmnt tlls us that w hav a right to own proprty. Privat proprty is protctd by Scriptur. Sharing that proprty is a mattr of fr will. 13. Commandmnt #9: You will not bar fals witnss against your nighbor. (Ex. 20:16). Paul says that th law was dsignd for liars and thos who prjur thmslvs in 1Tim. 1:10. Going to court can dpriv a prson of thir volition or of thir proprty; thrfor, God xpcts us to tll th truth in court. 14. Commandmnt #10: You will not dsir to tak your nighbor's hous; you will not dsir to tak your nighbor's wif, or his mal srvant, or his fmal srvant, or his ox, or his donky, or anything that is your nighbor's. (Ex. 20:17). This commandmnt is rpatd in th Nw Tstamnt. Jsus said to thm, "Bwar! Kp yourslvs from covtousnss, for a man's lif dosn't consist of th abundanc of th things which h posssss." (Luk 12:15; s also Eph. 5:5). If a nation rspcts commandmnts 8 and 10, thn thr will b no wlfar stat and no socializd anything. Obviously, thr would b no communism. Ths things ar attacks upon privat proprty. 15. Commandmnts 6 10 rprsnt stablishmnt law for any ordrly socity and apply to both blivrs and unblivrs alik. Whn a socity turns away from ths laws, that socity is crumbling from th insid. 16. Thr ar principls from th Mosaic Law which ar brought into national law. Again, Paul wrot to Timothy: Now w know that th law is good, if on uss it lgitimatly. Undrstanding that th law is not laid down for th just [blivrs] but for th lawlss and disobdint, for th ungodly and sinnrs, for th unholy and profan [all catgoris of unblivrs and out-of-fllowship blivrs], for thos who strik thir fathrs and mothrs, for murdrrs, th sxually immoral, mn who practic homosxuality, nslavrs, liars, prjurrs, and whatvr ls is contrary to sound doctrin, in accordanc with th gospl of th glory of th blssd God with which I hav bn ntrustd (1Tim. 1:8 11). Th law is dsignd for many catgoris of unblivrs, and ths ar all associatd with thir prsonal sins. Chaptr Outlin Charts, Graphics and Short Doctrins Ptr Ptt: Moss constantly thought in covnant traty trms. H saw things in trms of Who Yahwh is, what Yahwh had don for thm, what H rquird of thm in rspons and what th consquncs of disobdinc would b. His vision was filld with Yahwh Who was his all. H himslf could not s how anyon could fail to rspond to Him fully, although h knw from practical 93 xprinc that thy could. Dutronomy 4:13b Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs wa (or va) (åç) [pronouncd wah] and so, and thn, thn, and; so, that, yt, thrfor, consquntly; bcaus wâw conscutiv No Strong s # BDB # From accssd May 12, 2015.

136 Dutronomy Chaptr Dutronomy 4:13b Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs kâthab (ëìèúçá) [pronouncd kaw- V THAHB ] to writ, to writ down, to rcord [chronicl, documnt], to dirct or dcr in writing, to proscrib; to dscrib, to inscrib rd 3 prson masculin singular, Qal imprfct rd with th 3 prson masculin plural suffix Strong's #3789 BDB #507 al (òçì) [pronouncd ìahl] upon, byond, on, against, abov, ovr, by, bsid prposition of rlativ proximity Strong s #5921 BDB #752 sh nêy (ùàðåé) [pronouncd sh n-â] two, two of, a pair of, a duo of; both of dual numral construct Strong s #8147 BDB #1040 lûwchôth (ìåìçéú) [pronouncd loo- KHOHTH] tabls or tablts [of ston], boards [of wood], plats [of mtal]; somthing upon which words ar inscribd, writtn; [wood] lavs [or a door] masculin plural construct Strong s #3871 BDB #531 bn (àæáæï) [pronouncd B EH -vn] a ston [larg or small] [in its natural stat, as a building matrial]; ston or; usd of tablts, marbl, cut ston; usd of a tool or wapon; a prcious ston, gm; rock; a wight of th balanc fminin plural noun Strong's #68 BDB #6 Translation: H wrot thm down on two tabls of ston. God also wrot ths commandmnts down with th fingrs of His hand so that thy would b prsrvd. Notic that th Tn Commandmnts ar rfrrd to as a covnant. In Dut. 9:9, thy ar rfrrd to as th tablts of ston, th tablts of th covnant. A covnant is a contract btwn two popls, but, in this cas, it is not a contract for salvation. This covnant, placd btwn God and His popl, falls undr th catgory do ths and liv. As this chaptr bgan: "And now, O Isral, listn to th statuts and th judgmnts which I am taching you to prform, in ordr that you may liv and go in and tak possssion of th land which Y howah, th god of your fathrs, is giving you." (Dut. 4:1). Immdiatly aftr ritrating th Tn Commandmnts to this gnration, Moss says, "You will walk in all th way which Y howah your God has commandd you, that you may liv, and that it may b wll with you, and that you may prolong [your] days in th land which you will possss." (Dut. 5:33). My sons, do not forgt my tachings, but lt your hart kp and guard my commandmnts; for lngth of days and yars of lif and pac thy will add to you. Do not lt kindnss and truth to lav you; bind thm around your nck, writ thm on th tablt of your hart, so you will find grac and a good rputation in th sight of God and man. Trust in Y howah with all your hart, and do not lan on your own undrstanding. In all your ways acknowldg Him, and H will mak your paths straight. Do not b wis in your own ys; far Y howah and turn away from vil. It will b haling to your body and rfrshmnt to your bons. My son, do not lt thm dpart from your sight; kp sound wisdom and discrtion, so thy will b lif to your soul and adornmnt to your nck and you will walk in your way scurly and your foot will not stumbl. Whn you li down, you will not b afraid; whn you li down, your slp will b swt. Do not b afraid of suddn far, nor of th onslaught of th wickd whn it coms for Y howah will b your confidnc and H will kp your foot from bing caught (Prov. 3:1 8, 21 26). Thr wr two sts of tabls of th Law. Th first on was writtn by God whn Moss was on Mount Sinai for th first tim. And whn H had finishd spaking with him upon Mount Sinai, H gav Moss th two tablts of th tstimony, tablts of ston, writtn by th fingr of God. Thn Moss turnd and wnt down from th mountain

137 5461 Th Book of Dutronomy with th two tablts of th tstimony in his hand, tablts which wr writtn on both sids; thy wrr writtn on on sid and th othr. And th tablts wr God's work, and th writing was God's writing ngravd on th tablts. And it cam about, as soon as Moss cam nar th camp, that h saw th calf and dancing; and Moss' angr burnd, and h thrw th tablts from his hands and shattrd thm at th foot of th mountain (Ex. 31:18 32:15 16, 19). Aftr th goldn calf incidnt, during which th ntir congrgation of Isral was almost dstroyd by God, Moss rturnd to th mountain. Now Y howah said to Moss, "Cut out for yourslf two ston tablts lik th formr ons, and I will writ on th tablts th words that wr on th formr tablts which you shattrd. So h cut out two ston tablts lik th formr ons, and Moss ros up arly in th morning and wnt up to Mount Sinai, as Y howah had commandd him, and h took two ston tablts in his hand. So h was thr with Y howah forty days and forty nights; h did not at brad or drink watr. And H wrot on th tablts th words of th covnant, th Tn Commandmnts [lit., words] (Ex. 34:1, 4, 28; s also Dut. 10:1 4). Anthony Phillips: Th Commandmnts ar not to b thought of as writtn partly on on tablt and partly on th othr. Each tablt would hav containd all th Commandmnts. This again rflcts th normal practic of th suzrainty tratis undr which on copy was rtaind by th suzrain and th othr givn to th vassal to dposit in th tmpl of his god. In Isral's cas, both copis wr placd 94 in th Ark (Dutronomy 10:1-5; 31:9,26). Ptr Ptt: Th two tabls of ston may hav bn duplicats with th ida that on was a rmindr to Yahwh, and th othr a rmindr to th popl. Duplicat copis of tratis would rgularly b mad, on kpt by th ovrlord and lodgd in a sanctuary, and on passd ovr to th subjct nation to b lodgd in thir main sanctuary. Th tabrnacl was both Yahwh's dwllingplac and Isral's 95 sanctuary. In th Ark of God (also known as th Ark of th Covnant), th scond tablts of th Law wr placd, along with Aaron s rod that buddd (which rprsnts rsurrction) and a bowl of manna (which rprsnts God s provision). Th Tn Commandmnts rprsnt God s prfct Law, which w ar unabl to kp bcaus of our prdilction for sin. Jams Coffman adds: It is of significanc that by both tabls bing placd in th Ark, thir bing so 96 placd, "symbolizd th prmannt prsnc of God" in th midst of His popl Isral. Th short quot is from Anthony Phillips. And m commandd Y howah in th tim th And Y howah commandd m, at that tim, to that to tach you statuts and ordinancs for Dutronomy tach you [both] statuts and ordinancs so your doing thm in th land which you ar going ovr thr to possss hr. 4:14 that you would do thm in th land whr you ar going ovr to possss it. Jhovah commandd m, at that tim, to tach you both statuts and ordinancs, so that you would larn to do thm in th land that you ar going ovr to posss. Hr is how othrs hav translatd this vrs: Ancint txts: 94 From accssd May 11, 2015 (original rfrncs found thr ). 95 From accssd May 12, Ptt also allowd for th possibility that half of th commandmnts wr found on on tablt, and half on th othr. 96 From accssd May 11, 2015 (original rfrncs found thr ).

138 Dutronomy Chaptr Masortic Txt (Hbrw) Targum of Onklos Latin Vulgat Pshitta (Syriac) Sptuagint (Grk) Significant diffrncs: And m commandd Y howah in th tim th that to tach you statuts and ordinancs for your doing thm in th land which you ar going ovr thr to possss hr. And th Lord commandd m at that tim to tach you th statuts and judgmnts, that you may do thm in th land which you pass ovr to possss. And h commandd m at that tim that I should tach you th crmonis and judgmnts which you shall do in th land, that you shall possss. And th LORD commandd m at that tim to tach you statuts and judgmnts, that you might do thm in th land into which you ar going to possss it. And th Lord commandd m at that tim, to tach you statuts and judgmnts, that you should do thm on th land, into which you go to inhrit it. Non. Th Hbrw word translatd possss could also b translatd inhrit. Limitd Vocabulary Translations: Bibl in Basic English Easy English Easy-to-Rad Vrsion Good Nws Bibl (TEV) Th Mssag NIRV And th Lord gav m ordrs at that tim to mak clar to you ths laws and dcisions, so that you might do thm in th land to which you ar going, and which is to b your hritag. At that tim, th LORD told m to tach you all his ruls. Whn you cross th Rivr Jordan, you must oby his ruls in your nw country. At that tim, th Lord also commandd m to tach you th othr laws and ruls that you must follow in th land you ar going to tak and liv in. Th LORD told m to tach you all th laws that you ar to oby in th land that you ar about to invad and occupy. And God commandd m at that tim to tach you th ruls and rgulations that you ar to liv by in th land which you ar crossing ovr th Jordan to possss. At that tim th LORD dirctd m to tach you his ruls and laws. You must oby thm in th land you ar crossing th Jordan Rivr to tak as your own. Thought-for-thought translations; paraphrass: Common English Bibl Contmporary English V. Th Living Bibl Nw Brkly Vrsion Nw Cntury Vrsion Nw Living Translation At that tim, th Lord commandd m to tach you all th rgulations and th cas laws that you must kp in th land that you ar ntring to possss. That's whn th LORD commandd m to giv you th laws and tachings you must oby in th land that you will conqur wst of th Jordan Rivr. Ys, it was at that tim that th Lord commandd m to issu th laws you must oby whn you arriv in th Promisd Land. At th sam tim th LORD gav m His ordrs to tach you ths laws and ordinancs [Th covnant mad at Horb, basd on th Dcalogu [in Hbrw, th Tn Words ] which God spok dirctly to th popl. Bcoming farful, thy could bar no mor, so at th LORD s command, Moss snt thm to thir tnts; but h rmaind whil th LORD gav him th laws [Ex. 20:22 31:18] which th popl wr to obsrv whn sttld in thir nw hom. Ths laws Moss dlivrd in th Moab plain as his third discours [Dut. 12:26].], that you might obsrv thm in th land you ar invading to mak it your own. Thn th Lord commandd m to tach you th laws and ruls that you must oby in th land you will tak whn you cross th Jordan Rivr. It was at that tim that th Lord commandd m to tach you his dcrs and rgulations so you would oby thm in th land you ar about to ntr and occupy. Partially litral and partially paraphrasd translations:

139 5463 Th Book of Dutronomy Amrican English Bibl Today s NIV Translation for Translators 'And thn Jhovah commandd m to tach you His ruls and dcisions, so you should oby thm in th land that you'r going to inhrit. And th LORD dirctd m at that tim to tach you th dcrs and laws you ar to follow in th land that you ar crossing th Jordan to possss. Yahwh commandd m to tach all th ruls and rgulations to you, in ordr that you would oby thm in th land that you ar about to ntr and occupy." Mostly litral rndrings (with som occasional paraphrasing): Ancint Roots Translinar Frrar-Fnton Bibl Jubil Bibl 2000 Lxham English Bibl NIV UK Yahwh commandd m in that priod to tach you thos dcrs and vrdicts for you to do thr in th land that you pass to possss. But to m, th EVER-LIVING ordrd at that tim to tach you th constitutions and dcrs, which you wr to practis in th land into which you would pass, to possss it. And th LORD commandd m at that tim to tach you th statuts and rights that y might do thm in th land which y ar about to ntr to possss. And Yahwh chargd m at that tim to tach you ruls and rgulations for your obsrvation of thm [Litrally "for your doing thm"] in th land that you ar about to cross into [Litrally "about to cross into thr"] to tak possssion of it. And th Lord dirctd m at that tim to tach you th dcrs and laws you ar to follow in th land that you ar crossing th Jordan to possss. Catholic Bibls (thos having th imprimatur): Christian Community (1988) And as for m, h commandd m to tach you th norms and laws that you might put thm into practic in th land which is going to b yours. Th Hritag Bibl And Jhovah commandd m at that tim to tach you nactmnts and judgmnts, so that you do thm in th land whr you cross ovr to possss it. Nw Jrusalm Bibl Yahwh thn ordrd m to tach you th laws and customs that you wr to obsrv in th country into which you ar about to cross, to tak possssion of it. Nw RSV And th Lord chargd m at that tim to tach you statuts and ordinancs for you to obsrv in th land that you ar about to cross into and occupy. Jwish/Hbrw Nams Bibls: Complt Jwish Bibl xgss companion Bibl JPS (Tanakh 1985) Kaplan Translation Orthodox Jwish Bibl Th Scripturs 1998 At that tim ADONAI ordrd m to tach you laws and rulings, so that you would liv by thm in th land you ar ntring in ordr to tak possssion of it. And at that tim, Yah Vh misvahd m to tach you statuts and judgmnts - to work thm in th land you pass ovr to possss. At th sam tim th Lord commandd m to impart to you laws and ruls for you to obsrv in th land that you ar about to cross into and occupy. At that tim, God commandd m to tach you ruls and laws, so that you will kp thm in th land which you ar crossing [th Jordan] to occupy. And Hashm commandd m at that tim to tach you chukkim and mishpatim, that y might do thm in ha'artz whr y go ovr to possss it. And éäåä commandd m at that tim to tach you laws and right-rulings, for you to do thm in th land which you pass ovr to possss. Expandd/Embllishd Bibls:

140 Dutronomy Chaptr Th Expandd Bibl Thn at that tim th Lord commandd m to tach you th laws [statuts; ordinancs; rquirmnts] and ruls that you must oby in th land you will tak L [possss] whn you cross th Jordan Rivr [ thr]. Krtzmann s Commntary Vrss Warning Against Idolatry And th Lord commandd m at that tim to tach you statuts and judgmnts that y might do thm in th land whr y go ovr to possss it, namly, th prcpts containd in th lgislation bginning with Exodus 21. NET Bibl Morovr, at that sam tim th Lord commandd m to tach you statuts and ordinancs for you to kp in th land which you ar about to ntr and possss [Hb "to which you ar crossing ovr to possss it."]. Th Voic Th Etrnal commandd m at that tim to tach you th ruls and judgmnts that mak up th law H wants you to follow in th land whr you'r going to liv whn you cross th Jordan. Litral, almost word-for-word, rndrings: Concordant Litral Vrsion Contxt Group Vrsion Emphasizd Bibl English Standard Vrsion God s Truth (Tyndal) NASB Nw King Jams Vrsion Updatd Bibl Vrsion 2.11 World English Bibl Young s Updatd LT Th gist of this vrs: And Yahwh instructd m at that tim to tach you statuts and judgmnts, for you to oby thm in th land whr you ar crossing ovr to tnant it. And YHWH commandd m at that tim to tach you {pl} statuts and ordinancs, that you {pl} might do thm in th land { or arth } whr you {pl} go ovr to possss it. And unto m, gav Yahwh command, at that tim, to tach you statuts and rgulations, that y should do thm, in th land whrinto y ar passing ovr to possss it.. And th LORD commandd m at that tim to tach you statuts and ruls, that you might do thm in th land that you ar going ovr to possss. And th Lord commandd m th sam sason to tach you ordinancs and laws, for to do thm in th land whr [whr=what vr plac, rsult, or condition.] you go to possss it. Th Lord commandd m at that tim to tach you statuts and judgmnts, that you might prform thm in th land whr you ar going ovr to possss it. And th Lord commandd m at that tim to tach you statuts and judgmnts, that you might obsrv thm in th land which you cross ovr to possss. And Yahwh commandd m at that tim to tach you+ statuts and ordinancs, that you+ might do thm in th land whr you+ go ovr to possss it. Yahwh commandd m at that tim to tach you statuts and ordinancs, that you might do thm in th land whr you go ovr to possss it. And m has Jhovah commandd at that tim to tach you statuts and judgmnts, for your doing thm in th land whr y ar passing ovr to possss it. God told Moss to tach spcific statuts and ordinancs for th popl to liv by whn thy tak th land of Canaan. Dutronomy 4:14a Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs w (or v ) (åà or åì) [pronouncd wh] and, vn, thn; namly; whn; sinc, that; though; as wll as simpl wâw conjunction No Strong s # BDB #251

141 5465 Th Book of Dutronomy Dutronomy 4:14a Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs êth (àæç) [pronouncd ayth] m; untranslatd mark of a dirct objct; occasionally to m, toward m sign of th dirct objct st affixd to a 1 prson singular suffix Strong's #853 BDB #84 tsâvâh (öèåèä) [pronouncd tsaw-vaw] to commission, to mandat, to appoint; to ordain; to lay charg upon, to giv charg to, charg [command, ordr[; to instruct [as in, giving an ordr] rd 3 prson masculin singular, Pil prfct Strong's #6680 BDB #845 YHWH (éäåä) [pronunciation is possibly yhoh-wah] translitratd variously as Jhovah, Yahwh, Y howah propr noun Strong s #3068 BDB #217 h b (áìà) [pronouncd b ] in, into, through; at, by, nar, on, upon; with, bfor, against; by mans of; among; within a prposition of proximity Strong s# non BDB #88 êth (òåú) [pronouncd ìayth] tim, th right tim, th propr tim; opportunity fminin singular noun with th dfinit articl Strong s #6256 BDB #773 With th bêyth prposition, this mans at th right tim, at th propr tim. hîy (ääéà) [pronouncd h] sh, it; also usd as a dmonstrativ pronoun: that, this (on) rd 3 prson fminin singular, prsonal pronoun; somtims th vrb is, is implid Strong s #1931 BDB #214 Ths thr words togthr sm to man at this tim, at that tim; during this sam tim, during this sam tim priod. lâmd (ìà) [pronouncd l ] to, for, towards, in rgards to dirctional/rlational prposition No Strong s # BDB #510 lâmad (ìèîçã) [pronouncd law-mahd] to train, to accustom, to tach Pil infinitiv construct Strong s #3925 BDB #540 êth (àæç) [pronouncd ayth] you; untranslatd mark of a dirct objct; occasionally to you, toward you sign of th dirct objct nd affixd to a 2 prson masculin plural suffix Strong's #853 BDB #84 chuqqîym (çë ÌÄéí) [pronouncd khook- KEEM] dcrs, thos things which ar dcrd; statuts; boundaris, dfind limitations; appointd portions of labor, tasks masculin plural noun Strong's #2706 BDB #349 w (or v ) (åà or åì) [pronouncd wh] and, vn, thn; namly; whn; sinc, that; though; as wll as simpl wâw conjunction No Strong s # BDB #251

142 Dutronomy Chaptr Dutronomy 4:14a Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs mîsh pâþîym (îäùàôìèèäéí) [pronouncd mish -paw- TEEM] laws; judgmnts; appals; rsponsibilitis; privilgs; customs; justic; vrdicts rndrd by a judg, judicial dcisions, judicial sntncs masculin plural noun Strong's #4941 BDB #1048 Translation: And Y howah commandd m, at that tim, to tach you [both] statuts and ordinancs... God gav thm th Tn Commandmnts, which thy all hard. Howvr, thy bggd for Moss to b a go-btwn, so that thy would not har th voic of God; and Moss agrd to this. God taught Moss many national and rligious laws, which th popl wr to follow; and Moss was to tach ths to th popl. Ths wr to b th laws that Isral would follow as a nation aftr ntring into th Land of Promis and stablishing thmslvs. Ptr Ptt: It is inconcivabl that a man with Moss background would not nsur that th rvlations h rcivd wr writtn down. All important covnant mattrs wr committd to writing in ordr to indicat thir solmnity, and w ar lswhr givn xampls of whr this happnd (Dutronomy 31:9; Exodus 17:14; Exodus 24:4; Exodus 34:27; Numbrs 33:1-2). God's words in Dutronomy 17:14 would hardly b sn as applying only to that incidnt. Thy rathr drw attntion to th nd to rcord in writing all such xprincs of God's provision and protction. It was giving Moss th basis on which h should conduct his futur activity. All th rfrncs simply draw attntion to Moss' habit of nsuring th writing down of th rvlation Yahwh rvald and th wondrous things that h did for Isral. Thy do not limit it to thos occurrncs. And h passd this rsponsibility also onto Joshua, whom w hav good rason to bliv did much of th actual 97 writing. Dutronomy 4:14b Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs lâmd (ìà) [pronouncd l ] to, for, towards, in rgards to dirctional/rlational prposition No Strong s # BDB #510 âsâh (òèùéèä) [pronouncd ìaw-sawh] to do, to mak, to construct, to fashion, to form, to prpar, to manufactur; accomplish Qal infinitiv construct nd with th 2 prson masculin plural suffix Strong's #6213 BDB #793 êth (àæç) [pronouncd ayth] thm; untranslatd mark of a dirct objct; occasionally to thm, toward thm sign of th dirct objct rd affixd to a 3 prson masculin plural suffix Strong's #853 BDB #84 h b (áìà) [pronouncd b ] in, into, through; at, by, nar, on, upon; with, bfor, against; by mans of; among; within a prposition of proximity No Strong s # BDB #88 97 From accssd May 12, 2015.

143 5467 Th Book of Dutronomy Dutronomy 4:14b Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs rts (àæøæõ) [pronouncd EH-rts] arth (all or a portion throf), land, trritory, country, continnt; ground, soil; undr th ground [Shol] fminin singular noun with th dfinit articl Strong's #776 BDB #75 Translation:...so that you would do thm in th land... Ths othr statuts and ordinancs wr to b don by th popl whn thy ntrd into th land. This would bcom th basis of thir nation and th laws of thir nation. In that ra, as has bn discussd, th king of a nation was oftn dmd wis bcaus h dvlopd a grat st of laws for th popl to follow. Application: On of th gratst writtn documnts in human history is th Constitution of th Unitd Stats, which was a logical follow-on to th Dclaration of Indpndnc. For a cntury, and dspit thr bing many mdiocr prsidnts, our nation was strong and vibrant, basd upon th wisdom of this documnt. Application: Problms nsud whn ithr of th political partis wantd to chang th constitution, but thy did not hav nough national support for such changs. Thn, rathr than oby this wis documnt, individuals thought thmslvs to b wisr than th documnt, and thrfor, ought to b abl to chang it at will: Tddy Roosvlt, Woodrow Wilson, Franklin Roosvlt and Barack Obama. Bcaus what bcam apparnt undr ths prsidnts is, th sparation of powrs found in th constitution is somthing that th branchs of govrnmnt willingly submittd thmslvs to, but that a man of strong will could gt around that, if h is not challngd by th othr branchs of govrnmnt. Application: In contmporary history, thr is not a strongr xampl of th laws condmning illgal alins, with spcific consquncs laid out; and Prsidnt Barack Obama dclaring anywhr from 5 million to 10 million illgal alins fr of thos consquncs, if thy follow a st of stps which h, th Prsidnt, lays out. This is not proscutorial discrtion, whr thr ar limitd funds availabl to proscut, and so som proscutions ar simply put on hold until funds bcom availabl. This is, instad, th law says on thing, and Prsidnt Obama says xactly th opposit. What ought to hav happnd but it didn t is th branch of govrnmnt which maks th laws should hav objctd and stoppd th Prsidnt, who, in this act, st up a dangrous prcdnt for our country. Application: As an asid, it dos not mattr whthr you bliv th Prsidnt to b right in granting amnsty to 5 or 10 million popl; that is not th issu. Thr is a lgal procdur by which this could b don th prsidnt, bcaus such a procss would b too difficult (and possibly impossibl) dcidd that h would just do it on his own. Along ths lins, although th Law of Moss will b rvrd by th popl of Isral throughout hr history but it won t b by all of hr kings. So, thy will xrcis th sam sort of powr, ignoring portions of th law which thy thmslvs do not lik.

144 Dutronomy Chaptr Dutronomy 4:14c Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs ãshr (àâéùæø) [pronouncd uh-sher] that, which, whn, who, whom; whr rlativ pronoun Strong's #834 BDB #81 attm (àçúìæí) [pronouncd aht-tem] you all, you guys, you (oftn, th vrb to b is implid) nd 2 prson masculin plural, prsonal pronoun Strong s #859 BDB #61 âbar (òèáçø) [pronouncd b ìaw -VAHR] passing by, passing through; passing ovr masculin plural, Qal activ participl Strong s #5674 BDB #716 shâm (ùèí) [pronouncd shawm] thr; at that tim, thn; thrin, in that thing advrb with th dirctional hê Strong s #8033 BDB #1027 This simply mans thr; hê acts almost lik a dmonstrativ. c 98 This is found in 4QDut ; but not in MT SP LXX. Yâr dên (éèøàãåï) [pronouncd yar -DAYN] dscndr; flowing downward; th watring plac; translitratd Jordan propr noun with th dfinit articl Strong s #3383 BDB #434 lâmd (ìà) [pronouncd l ] to, for, towards, in rgards to dirctional/rlational prposition No Strong s # BDB #510 yârash ( éèøç) [pronouncd yaw-rash] to possss, to tak possssion of, to occupy a gographical ara [by driving out th prvious occupants], to tak possssion of anyon [or thir goods]; to inhrit, to possss; to xpl, to driv out Qal infinitiv construct rd with th 3 prson fminin singular suffix Strong s #3423 BDB #439 Translation:...whr you ar going ovr to possss it. Thy wr not to stop right thn and thr and put togthr a govrnmnt. Ths would b th laws that thy usd aftr taking th land. Thy had to go ovr th Jordan Rivr and actually tak th land in ordr to apply ths laws. Notic that Moss' train of thought is topical, not chronological; this would indicat that not all of th Law is in chronological ordr. In Dut. 3 4, thr wr sctions which would chronologically, as wll as logically, lad us from on point to anothr:.g., In Dut. 3:1, w bgin with th conqust of Og, king of Bashan, in trans-jordan ara and procd to th nw ladrship of Joshua and thir camping in th vally of Bth-por. Howvr, in v. 4, w ar daling with th Law of God and hav gon back to Mount Sinai and th giving of th Law. In fact although th Tn Commandmnts wr writtn down on two diffrnt occasions, it is lookd on hr as on instanc. That is bcaus th topic of th Law is what is bing covrd hr and not Isral's failur during th goldn calf incidnt. In th instanc of this vrs, God had commandd Moss on svral occasions to tach th Law to th Isralits this was not just on njoindr. Thn Y howah spok to Moss, saying, "Spak to Aaron and to his sons, and ot all th sons of Isral, and say to thm, 'This is what Y howah has commandd.' " (Lv. 17:1 2a). Thn Y howah spok to Moss, saying, "Spak to th sons of Isral and say to thm, 'I am Y howah your God; you will not do what is don in th land of Egypt whr you livd nor ar you to do what is don in th land of 98 Th Dad Sa Scrolls Bibl; translation and commntary by Martin Abgg Jr., Ptr Flint and Eugn Ulrich; Harpr SF, 1999, p. 152.

145 5469 Th Book of Dutronomy Canaan whr I am bringing you; you will not walk in thir statuts. You ar to prform My judgmnts and kp My statuts, to liv in accord with thm; I am Y howah your God. So you will kp My statuts and My judgmnts, by which a man may liv if h dos thm. I am Y howah.' " (Lv. 18:1 5). "Now ths ar th ordinancs which you ar to st bfor thm." (Ex. 21:1). Thn Moss cam and rcountd to th popl all th words of Y howah and all th ordinancs and all th popl answrd with on voic, and said, "All th words which Y howah has spokn, w will do!" (Ex. 24:3). Thn Moss assmbld all th congrgation of th sons of Isral, and said to thm, "Ths ar th things that Y howah has commandd you to do." (Ex. 35:1). Ths ar trh commandmnts and th ordinancs which Y howah commandd to th sons of Isral through Moss in th plains of Moab by th Jordan Jricho (Num. 36:13). Furthrmor, God would hav commandd Moss on svral occasions, not always rcordd in Scriptur, to tach th sons of Isral His Law, His commands, His statuts and His ordinancs. Vv dscribd th miraculous spaking of th Tn Commandmnts dirctly from God to th popl. This was dlivrd so that vry Isralit, including th youth prsnt at that tim, would har God's Word. With v. 14, Moss thn rsums with th othr ordinancs and statuts which h rcivd dirctly from God, which h rcordd and taught to th popl latr (Ex ). Psalm 105:42 45 dscribs all of this: For H rmmbrd His holy promis, and Abraham, His srvant. So H brought His popl out with joy, His chosn ons with singing. And H gav thm th lands of th nations, and thy took possssion of th fruit of th popls' toil, that thy might kp His statuts and obsrv His laws. Prais th LORD! (ESV; capitalizd) Chaptr Outlin Charts, Graphics and Short Doctrins Do not turn to idolatry whn you ntr into th land vv mak up a fairly massiv yt singular thought, so ths vrss will all b takn togthr. Th progrssion of thought appars to b, th Isralits did not s any form of God whn God spok to thm; thrfor, thy should nvr attmpt to approximat God s form with any sort of imag. This topic of idolatry fls lik an asid, although Moss stays with this thm to v. 20 and thn rturns to it in vv Thrfor, w hav to undrstand this as bing a fundamntal topic of Dut. 4. For us today, this may not sm rlvant; but som churchs hav imags of Mary and Jsus which ar inaccurat and sm to bordr on som form of idolatry. Howvr, vn mor of a contmporary issu, is th ida of placing othr things bfor God (which mans having prioritis othr than Bibl doctrin). God dos not rquir us to hav our noss in th Bibl during our 16 waking hours; but, w nd to mak tim for bing instructd in th Word daily. Ptr Ptt ss a pattrn in vv : Ptr Ptt Organizs Dutronomy 4:15 24 a Tak thrfor good hd to yourslvs; for you saw no mannr of form on th day that Yahwh spok to you in Horb out of th midst of th fir (Dutronomy 4:15). b Lst you corrupt yourslvs, and mak yourslvs a gravn imag in th form of any figur, th liknss of mal or fmal, of any bast that is on th arth, of any wingd bird that flis in th havns, of anything that crps on th ground, any fish that is in th watr undr th arth (Dutronomy 4:16-18). c Lst you lift up your ys to havn, and whn you s th sun and th moon and th stars, vn all th host of havn, you b drawn away and worship thm, and srv thm, which Yahwh your God has allottd to all th popls undr th whol havn (Dutronomy

146 Dutronomy Chaptr Ptr Ptt Organizs Dutronomy 4: :19). d But Yahwh has takn you, and brought you forth out of th iron furnac, out of Egypt, to b to him a popl of inhritanc, as at this day (Dutronomy 4:20). c Furthrmor Yahwh was angry with m for your saks, and swor that I should not go ovr th Jordan, and that I should not go in to that good land, which Yahwh your God givs you for an inhritanc, but I must di in this land, I must not go ovr th Jordan. But you shall go ovr, and possss that good land (Dutronomy 4:21-22). b Tak hd to yourslvs, lst you forgt th covnant of Yahwh your God, which h mad with you, and mak yourslvs a gravn imag in th form of anything which Yahwh your God has forbiddn you (Dutronomy 4:23). a For Yahwh your God is a dvouring fir, a jalous God (Dutronomy 4:24). Ptt: Not that in `a' Yahwh spok without form out of th midst of th fir, and in th paralll Yahwh is a dvouring fir. In `b' Thy ar not to corrupt thmslvs by making a grav imag of any arthly cratur, and in th paralll thy ar not to forgt th covnant by making a gravn imag in th form of anything forbiddn. In `c' thy ar not to lift thir ys to th havns to worship anything in th havns, for thos things hav bn allottd to all th popls undr havn, thy ar common, whil in th paralll th tru havnly On is angry with Moss so that h is xcludd from th holy land that Yahwh is giving as an inhritanc, th on plac on arth that is holy and is xclusiv to His popl. Cntral in `d' is that Yahwh has dlivrd His popl from th iron furnac, from Egypt (a lssr fir vn though painful) to b th popl of His inhritanc, in ordr that thy might inhrit that holy land from which Moss is xcludd. For such popl to sk to havnly bodis which ar common to man would b to dgrad thmslvs uttrly. From accssd May 12, Chaptr Outlin Charts, Graphics and Short Doctrins And you [all] hav takn hd good to your souls for you [all] hav not sn any form in a day [that] spok Y howah unto you [all] in Horb from a midst of th fir. Lst you [all] lay wast and hav mad for yourslvs a sculptd imag, a liknss of any imag, a modl of a mal or [of] a fmal, a modl of any bast which [is] on th arth, a modl of any bird a wing which flis in th [two] havns, a modl of any crping [thing] on th ground, a modl of any fish which [is] in th watrs from blow th arth, and lst you lift your [two] ys and you hav sn th sun and th moon and th stars all a host of th [two] havns and you hav bn drawn away and you hav bowd down to thm and you hav srvd thm which has allottd Y howah your Elohim thm to all th popls undr all th [two] havns. Dutronomy 4:15 19 You [all] nd to tak hd for your souls sinc you did not s any physical form whn Y howah spok to you from th midst of th fir that you do not bcom corruptd and mak for yourslvs [som] sculptd imag, [in] th liknss of any imag, [whthr] mal or fmal, [or] an imag of any animal on th arth, [or] an imag of any wingd bird flying in th havns, [or] an imag of any crping thing on th ground, [or] an imag of any fish which [is] in th watrs blow sa lvl [lit., undr th arth]; and so that you do not lift up your ys and s th sun, th moon, th stars all th host of th havns and you ar sducd [by thm], and you bow down to thm and you srv thm [ths things] which Y howah your Elohim has allottd to all popls undr th havns.

147 5471 Th Book of Dutronomy You nd to b carful of your thinking, rmmbring that, whn you hard Jhovah spak to you from th fir, that you did not s any physical form. Thrfor, s to it that you do not bcom corruptd and mak som kind of sculptd imag to worship, whthr mal or fmal, or th imag of som animal on th arth, or th imag of a bird flying in th skis abov, or th imag of som crpy thing that crawls on th ground, or th imag of a fish in th sa. Furthrmor, s to it that you do not look up to s th sun, th moon or th stars anything which is in th havns abov and that you bcom sducd by any of ths things and bow down bfor thm and srv thm. Ths ar simply things which God has givn to all th popls on arth. Hr is how othrs hav translatd this vrs: Ancint txts: Masortic Txt (Hbrw) Targum of Onklos Latin Vulgat Pshitta (Syriac) And you [all] hav takn hd good to your souls for you [all] hav not sn any form in a day [that] spok Y howah unto you [all] in Horb from a midst of th fir. Lst you [all] lay wast and hav mad for yourslvs a sculptd imag, a liknss of any imag, a modl of a mal or [of] a fmal, a modl of any bast which [is] on th arth, a modl of any bird a wing which flis in th [two] havns, a modl of any crping [thing] on th ground, a modl of any fish which [is] in th watrs from blow th arth, and lst you lift your [two] ys and you hav sn th sun and th moon and th stars all a host of th [two] havns and you hav bn drawn away and you hav bowd down to thm and you hav srvd thm which has allottd Y howah your Elohim thm to all th popls undr all th [two] havns. Kp thn your souls diligntly; for you saw no liknss on th day whn th Lord spak with you in Horb from th midst of th fir. B admonishd, lst you corrupt your works, and mak to you an imag or liknss of any idol, th liknss ithr mal or fmal of any bast of th arth, of any wingd bird that flis in th air in th xpans of havn, of any rptil on th ground, or of any fish in th watrs undr th arth. [JERUSALEM. Th liknss of any fishs which ar in th watrs undr th arth.] And lst, whn you lift up your ys to th hight of th havns, and gaz at th sun, or th moon, and th principal stars of all th hosts of th havns, you go astray, and ador and srv thm; for th Lord your God has by thm distributd (or dividd) th knowldg of all th popls that ar undr th whol havns. Kp thrfor your souls carfully. You saw not any similitud in th day that th Lord God spok to you in Horb from th midst of th fir: Lst prhaps bing dcivd you might mak you a gravn similitud, or imag of mal or fmal, Th similitud of any basts, that ar upon th arth, or of birds, that fly undr havn, Or of crping things, that mov on th arth, or of fishs, that abid in th watrs undr th arth: Lst prhaps lifting up your ys to havn, you s th sun and th moon, and all th stars of havn, and bing dcivd by rror you ador and srv thm, which th Lord your God cratd for th srvic of all th nations, that ar undr havn. Tak thrfor good hd to yourslvs; for you saw no mannr of form on th day that th LORD spok to you at Horb out of th midst of th fir; Lst you corrupt yourslvs, and mak for yourslvs imags and th forms of any figur, th liknss of mal or fmal, Th liknss of any bast that is on th arth, th liknss of any wingd fowl that flis in th air. Th liknss of anything that crps on th ground, th liknss of any fish that is in th watrs bnath th arth; And lst you lift up your ys to havn, and whn you s th sun and th moon, and th stars and all th host of havn, should go astray and worship thm and srv thos things which th LORD your God has providd for all th popls undr havn.

148 Dutronomy Chaptr Sptuagint (Grk) Significant diffrncs: And tak carful hd to your harts, for you saw no similitud in th day in which th Lord spok to you in Horb in th mountain out of th midst of th fir; lst you transgrss, and mak to yourslvs a carvd imag, any kind of figur, th liknss of mal or fmal, th liknss of any bast of thos that ar on th arth, th liknss of any wingd bird which flis undr havn, th liknss of any rptil which crps on th arth, th liknss of any fish of thos which ar in th watrs undr th arth; and lst having lookd up to th sky, and having sn th sun and th moon and th stars, and all th havnly bodis, you should go astray and worship thm, and srv thm, which th Lord your God has distributd to all th nations undr havn. In th scond sntnc, thr is a troublsom vrb in th Hbrw. So many of th ancint translations appar to go fr form at this point. Limitd Vocabulary Translations: Nar th nd, th Latin as bing dcivd by rror; th Hbrw has bing drawn away from. Bibl in Basic English Easy English Easy-to-Rad Vrsion Good Nws Bibl (TEV) Th Mssag So kp watch on yourslvs with car; for you saw no form of any sort on th day whn th voic of th Lord cam to you in Horb out of th hart of th fir: So that you may not b turnd to vil ways and mak for yourslvs an imag in th form of any living thing, mal or fmal, Or any bast of th arth, or wingd bird of th air, Or of anything which gos flat on th arth, or any fish in th watr undr th arth. And whn your ys ar liftd up to havn, and you s th sun and th moon and th stars, all th army of havn, do not lt yourslvs b movd to giv thm worship, or bcom th srvants of what th Lord has givn qually to all popls undr havn. God says that th Isralits must not hav fals gods You did not s any shap at all whn th LORD spok to you from th fir. So you must b vry carful about vrything that you do. Do not chang to do vry bad things. Do not mak a fals god for yourslvs, bcaus that is wrong. Do not copy th shap of a man or a woman, or th shap of any animal or bird. Do not copy th shap of anything that movs along th ground. Do not copy th shap of any fish that swims in th watr. Whn you look up at th sky, you s th sun, th moon and th stars. Thy ar all shining in th sky. But do not worship thm. Thy ar things that th LORD your God has givn to vryon on th arth. On th day th Lord spok to you from th fir at Mount Horb (Sinai), you did not s him thr was no shap for God. So b carful! Don t sin and dstroy yourslvs by making fals gods or status in th shap of any living thing. Don t mak an idol that looks lik a man or a woman. Don t mak an idol that looks lik an animal on th arth or lik a bird that flis in th sky. And don t mak an idol that looks lik anything that crawls on th ground or lik a fish in th sa. And b carful whn you look up to th sky and s th sun, th moon, and th stars all th many things in th sky. B carful that you ar not tmptd to worship and srv thos things. Th Lord your God lts th othr popl in th world do thos things. "Whn th LORD spok to you from th fir on Mount Sinai, you did not s any form. For your own good, thn, mak crtain that you do not sin by making for yourslvs an idol in any form at all---whthr man or woman, animal or bird, rptil or fish. Do not b tmptd to worship and srv what you s in th sky---th sun, th moon, and th stars. Th LORD your God has givn ths to all othr popls for thm to worship. You saw no form on th day God spok to you at Horb from out of th fir. Rmmbr that. Carfully guard yourslvs so that you don't turn corrupt and mak

149 5473 Th Book of Dutronomy Nams of God Bibl NIRV Nw Simplifid Bibl a form, carving a figur that looks mal or fmal, or looks lik a prowling animal or a flying bird or a slithring snak or a fish in a stram. And also carfully guard yourslvs so that you don't look up into th skis and s th sun and moon and stars, all th constllations of th skis, and b sducd into worshiping and srving thm. God st thm out for vrybody's bnfit, vrywhr. You didn't s Yahwh th day h spok to you from th fir at Mount Horb. So b vry carful that you don't bcom corrupt and mak your own carvd idols. Don't mak status that rprsnt mn or womn, any animal on arth, any cratur with wings that flis, any cratur that crawls on th ground, or any fish in th watr. Don't lt yourslvs b tmptd to worship and srv what you s in th sky-th sun, th moon, th stars, or anything ls. Yahwh your Elohim has givn thm to all popl vrywhr. Don't Mak or Worship Status of Gods Th Lord spok to you at Mount Horb out of th fir. But you didn't s any shap or form that day. So b vry carful. Mak sur you don't commit a horribl sin. Don't mak for yourslvs a statu of a god. Don't mak a god that looks lik a man or woman or anything ls. Don't mak on that looks lik any animal on arth or any bird that flis in th sky. Don't mak a statu that looks lik any cratur that movs along th ground or any fish that swims in th watr. Whn you look up at th havns, you will s th sun and moon. And you will s hug numbrs of stars. Don't lt anyon tmpt you to bow down to th sun, moon or stars. Don't worship things th Lord your God has providd for all th nations on arth.»b carful! Whn God spok to you from th fir, h was invisibl.»do not commit th sin of worshiping idols. Do not mak idols to b worshipd, whthr thy ar shapd lik mn, womn, animals on th arth, birds that fly in th air, or thy ar lik rptils that crp on th ground, or fish from th watr.»do not b tmptd to bow down and worship th sun or moon or stars (th host or army of th havns). Jhovah put thm thr a hritag for all th popl undr th havns. Thought-for-thought translations; paraphrass: Common English Bibl Contmporary English V. Th Living Bibl Nw Brkly Vrsion So watch your conduct closly, bcaus you didn't s any form on th day th Lord spok to you at Horb out of th vry fir itslf. Don't ruin vrything and mak an idol for yourslf: a form of any imag, any liknss-mal or fmal- or any liknss whatsovr, whthr of a land animal, a bird that flis in th sky, an insct that crawls on th arth, or a fish that livs in th sa. Don't look to th skis, to th sun or th moon or th stars, all th havnly bodis, and b ld astray, worshipping and srving thm. Th Lord your God has grantd ths things to all th nations who liv undr havn. Whn God spok to you from th fir, h was invisibl. So b carful not to commit th sin of worshiping idols. Don't mak idols to b worshipd, whthr thy ar shapd lik mn, womn, animals, birds, rptils, or fish. And whn you s th sun or moon or stars, don't b tmptd to bow down and worship thm. Th LORD put thm thr for all th othr nations to worship. "But bwar! You didn't s th form of God that day as h spok to you from th fir at Mount Horb, so do not dfil yourslvs by trying to mak a statu of God-an idol in any form, whthr of a man, woman, animal, bird, a small animal that runs along th ground, or a fish. And do not look up into th sky to worship th sun, moon, or stars. Th Lord may prmit othr nations to gt away with this, but not you. B thoroughly on guard, thrfor, with profoundst gravity, for you saw no mannr or form on that day whn th LORD spok to you at Horb from th midst of th fir, that you may not bhav corruptly and fashion you an imag, th shap of any

150 Dutronomy Chaptr Nw Cntury Vrsion Nw Living Translation statu rsmbling ithr mal or fmal, th liknss of any animal on arth or of any bird that flis in th havns, or of som crping cratur that crawls on th ground, or of any fish in th watrs lowr than th arth. Nithr shall you lif up your ys toward th havns to s th sun or th moon or th starts, th host of th havns, to b ld astray, to bow down to thm in worship, and to srv thm, things which th LORD your God has rndrd availabl to all popls undr th whol havns. In His providntial ordring of th world, H assigns th havnly bodis to ministr to all His offspring, a grac which th nations abusd (cf. Rom. 1:20 25]. Laws About Idols Sinc th Lord spok to you from th fir at Mount Sinai, but you did not s him, watch yourslvs carfully! Don't sin by making idols of any kind, and don't mak status-of mn or womn, of animals on arth or birds that fly in th air, of anything that crawls on th ground, or of fish in th watr blow. Whn you look up at th sky, you s th sun, moon, and stars, and vrything in th sky. But don't bow down and worship thm, bcaus th Lord your God has mad ths things for all popl vrywhr. A Warning against Idolatry "But b vry carful! You did not s th Lord's form on th day h spok to you from th hart of th fir at Mount Sinai. So do not corrupt yourslvs by making an idol in any form-whthr of a man or a woman, an animal on th ground, a bird in th sky, a small animal that scurris along th ground, or a fish in th dpst sa. And whn you look up into th sky and s th sun, moon, and stars-all th forcs of havn-don't b sducd into worshiping thm. Th Lord your God gav thm to all th popls of th arth. Partially litral and partially paraphrasd translations: Amrican English Bibl Now, kp thm in your harts; for you'v nvr sn anothr day lik th on whn Jhovah spok to you on Mount Horb from th midst of th fir! 'So, don't sin by carving imags of any kind. no, not in th shap of mals or fmals, of any animals on th ground, of any wingd craturs that fly in th sky, of any slithring animals that crawl on th ground, or of any craturs that liv in th watrs undr th ground. Nor should you look up in th sky and s th sun, moon, stars, or any of th othr havnly bodis that Jhovah your God providd to all th nations undr havn, and thn go off and worship and srv thm. Bck s Amrican Translation Watch yourslvs vry carfully, bcaus you didn t s any form whn th LORD talkd to you out of th fir at Horb, that you don t gt corrupt and carv for yourslvs any kind of idol, whthr in th form of a man or a woman, of any animal on arth, any bird flying in th air, any animal that crps on th ground, any fish in th watr blow ground lvl. Or whn you look up to th sky and s th sun, moon and stars, th whol array of lights to th sky, don t b misld to worship and srv thm; th LORD has givn thm to vry popl in th whol world. Intrnational Standard V "Thrfor, for your own sak, b vry carful, sinc you did not s any form on th day that th LORD your God spok to you in Horb from th midst of th fir. B carful [Th Hb. lacks b carful]! Othrwis, you will b dstroyd whn you mak carvd imags for yourslf-all sorts of imags in th form of man, woman, any animal on arth, any wingd bird that flis in th sky, any crping thing on th ground, or any fish in th sa [Lit. in th watrs blow ground]. Do not gaz toward th havns and obsrv th sun, th moon, th stars-th ntir array of th sky-with th intnt [Th Hb. lacks with th intnt] to worship and srv what th LORD your God gav vry nation [i.. as lights in th night sky; cf. Gn 1:14-18]. Nw Advnt (Knox) Bibl B watchful, thn, at th pril of your livs. Whn th Lord spok to you from th hart of th flam on mount Horb, thr was no outward shap you saw. And will

151 5475 Th Book of Dutronomy Today s NIV Translation for Translators you b dludd into carving som outward imag or liknss, of man or woman, of basts that roam on th arth or birds that fly in th air, of crping things on land or fish that dwll in th watrs, down at th roots of arth? Wilt thou b ld astray as thou lookst up at th sky, at sun and moon and all th host of stars, into making gods of thm, worshipping thos craturs which th Lord thy God has mad, to b th common drudgs of vry nation undr havn? `Th common drudgs'; this is th sns of th Latin, but th Hbrw txt has `which th Lord thy God has assignd to all th nations undr havn'. Som would intrprt this as a paradoxical xprssion, th sns of which is only mad clar if w add th words `for thir worship'. Idolatry Forbiddn You saw no form of any kind th day th LORD spok to you at Horb out of th fir. Thrfor watch yourslvs vry carfully, so that you do not bcom corrupt and mak for yourslvs an idol, an imag of any shap, whthr formd lik a man or a woman, or lik any animal on arth or any bird that flis in th air, or lik any cratur that movs along th ground or any fish in th watrs blow. And whn you look up to th sky and s th sun, th moon and th stars--all th havnly array--do not b nticd into bowing down to thm and worshiping things th LORD your God has apportiond to all th nations undr havn. Moss warnd thm about worshiping idols "On th day that Yahwh spok to your ancstors at Sinai Mountain, thy did not s him. So, b carful! Do not sin by making for yourslvs any idol! Do not mak an idol that rsmbls any prson, ithr a man or a woman, or that rsmbls any animal or any bird or any rptil/cratur that crawls along th ground or any fish in th dp ocan. And b carful to not look up toward th sky and b tmptd to worship anything that you s thr-th sun or th moon or th stars. Yahwh our God has givn thos to b a blssing to all popl vrywhr, but you must not worship thm. Mostly litral rndrings (with som occasional paraphrasing): Ancint Roots Translinar Frrar-Fnton Bibl HCSB Kp your souls a hundrdfold. For you saw no pictur on th day that Yahwh spok to you in Horb from th midst of th fir. Othrwis you will dstroy yourslvs by making for yourslvs a carving and pictur of any figur in th pattrn of mal or fmal, th pattrn of any animal on th land, th pattrn of any wingd fowl that flis in th havns, th pattrn of any-thing that crps on th arth, th pattrn of any fish in th watrs undr th land. Othrwis you will lift your ys to havn and s th sun, moon, stars, and all th host of havn and bow and srv thm, for which Yahwh your God dividd and outcast all popls undr all of havn. Thrfor you must guard your minds vry carfully, - for you did not s any Shap on th day th EVER-LIVING spok with you in Horb from th midst of th fir, - from wickdly making for yourslvs a carvd Shap, - any Imag ; or modl of Man or Woman ; or form of any bast that is upon th arth ; form of any bird which flis in th sky; form of any rptil on th ground ; form of any fish that is in th watrs lowr than th arth ; - Or, if you rais your ys havn-ward, and s th sun, or th moon, or th stars, - all th host of th skis, - and bow to, and worship thm, and srv thos which your EVER-LIVING God has apportiond to all th nations undr all th skis:... "B xtrmly carful for your own good--bcaus you did not s any form on th day th LORD spok to you at Horb out of th fir-- not to act corruptly and mak an idol for yourslvs in th shap of any figur: a mal or fmal form, or th form of any bast on th arth, any wingd cratur that flis in th sky, any cratur that crawls on th ground, or any fish in th watrs undr th arth. Whn you look to

152 Dutronomy Chaptr Jubil Bibl 2000 Lxham English Bibl NIV UK th havns and s th sun, moon, and stars--all th array of havn--do not b ld astray to bow down and worship thm. Th LORD your God has providd thm for all popl vrywhr undr havn. Diligntly guard, thrfor, your souls, for y saw no mannr of liknss on th day that th LORD spok unto you in Horb out of th midst of th fir, lst y corrupt yourslvs and mak yourslvs a gravn imag, th similitud of any figur, th liknss of mal or fmal, th liknss of any bast that is on th arth, th liknss of any wingd fowl that flis in th air, th liknss of any animal that movs on th ground, th liknss of any fish that is in th watrs bnath th arth, And lst thou lift up thin ys unto havn, and whn thou sst th sun and th moon and th stars, vn all th host of havn, and should b drivn to worship thm and srv thm bcaus th LORD thy God has concdd thm unto all th popls undr all th havns. "So you must b vry carful for yourslvs [Litrally "watch yourslvs diligntly with rspct to your souls"], bcaus you did not s [Or "hav not sn"] any form on th day Yahwh spok to you at Horb from th midst of th fir, so that you do not ruin yourslvs [Litrally "corrupt yourslvs"] and mak for yourslvs a divin imag in a form of any imag, a rplica of mal or fmal, a rplica of any animal that is upon th arth, a rplica of any wingd bird that flis in th air, a rplica of any crping thing on th ground, a rplica of any fish that is in th watr blow [Litrally "undr"] th arth. And do this so that you do not lift [Litrally "And lst you lift up"] your ys toward havn and obsrv [Litrally "s"] th sun and th moon and th stars, all th host of th havn, and b ld astray and bow down to thm and srv thm, things that Yahwh your God has allottd to all of th popls undr all of th havn.. Idolatry forbiddn You saw no form of any kind th day th Lord spok to you at Horb out of th fir. Thrfor watch yourslvs vry carfully, so that you do not bcom corrupt and mak for yourslvs an idol, an imag of any shap, whthr formd lik a man or a woman, or lik any animal on arth or any bird that flis in th air, or lik any cratur that movs along th ground or any fish in th watrs blow. And whn you look up to th sky and s th sun, th moon and th stars - all th havnly array - do not b nticd into bowing down to thm and worshipping things th Lord your God has apportiond to all th nations undr havn. Catholic Bibls (thos having th imprimatur): Christian Community (1988) Think wll about what you ar to do. You did not s any form on that day whn Yahwh spok to you at Mount Horb from th midst of th fir. Thr for, do not bcom corruptd: do not mak an idol or a god carvd in th form of a man or of a woman, or in th form of any animal that livs on th arth, or of any kind of bird that flis in th sky, or of any rptil that crawls on th arth, or of any fish that livs in th watr undr th arth. Whn you look at th havns and you s th sun, th moon, th stars, and all th havnly bodis, do not prostrat yourslvs to ador and srv thm as gods. Th Hritag Bibl Excdingly hdg about your souls, bcaus you did not s a form on th day Jhovah spok to you in Horb out of th midst of th fir, Lst you act wickdly, and mak you a carvd imag, th form of any shap, a liknss of mal or fmal, Th liknss of any animal that is on th arth, th liknss of any wingd fowl that flis in th havns, Th liknss of any thing that crps on th ground, th liknss of any fish that is in th watrs bnath th arth; And lst you lift up your ys to th havns, and whn you s th sun, and th moon, and th stars, all th host of th havns, should b drivn to prostrat yourslvs to thm, and srv

153 5477 Th Book of Dutronomy Nw Amrican Bibl (2002) Nw Jrusalm Bibl Nw RSV Rvisd English Bibl thm, which Jhovah, your God, has allottd to all popls undr th whol havns. "You saw no form at all on th day th LORD spok to you at Horb from th midst of th fir. B strictly on your guard, thrfor, not to dgrad yourslvs by fashioning an idol to rprsnt any figur, whthr it b th form of a man or a woman, of any animal on th arth or of any bird that flis in th sky, of anything that crawls on th ground or of any fish in th watrs undr th arth. And whn you look up to th havns and bhold th sun or th moon or any star among th havnly hosts, do not b ld astray into adoring thm and srving thm. Ths th LORD, your God, has lt fall to th lot of all othr nations undr th havns; but you h has takn and ld out of that iron foundry, Egypt, that you might b his vry own popl, as you ar today. Egypt is calld an iron foundry, or furnac for smlting iron, bcaus God allowd th Isralits to b afflictd thr for th sak of thir spiritual purification; th sam xprssion for Egypt occurs also in 1 Kings 8:51; Jrmiah 11:4; compar th xprssion, "th furnac of affliction," in Isaiah 48:10.V. 20 is includd for contxt. 'Hnc, b vry carful what you do. Sinc you saw no shap that day at Horb whn Yahwh spok to you from th hart of th fir, s that you do not corrupt yourslvs by making an imag in th shap of anything whatvr: b it statu of man or of woman, or of any animal on th arth, or of any bird that flis in th havns, or of any rptil that crawls on th ground, or of any fish in th watrs undr th arth. Whn you rais your ys to havn, whn you s th sun, th moon, th stars -- th ntir array of havn -- do not b tmptd to worship thm and srv thm. Yahwh your God has allottd ths to all th othr popls undr havn, but Yahwh has chosn you, bringing you out of th iron-foundry, Egypt, to b his own popl, his own popl as you still ar today. V. 20 is includd for contxt. Sinc you saw no form whn th Lord spok to you at Horb out of th fir, tak car and watch yourslvs closly, so that you do not act corruptly by making an idol for yourslvs, in th form of any figur-th liknss of mal or fmal, th liknss of any animal that is on th arth, th liknss of any wingd bird that flis in th air, th liknss of anything that crps on th ground, th liknss of any fish that is in th watr undr th arth. And whn you look up to th havns and s th sun, th moon, and th stars, all th host of havn, do not b ld astray and bow down to thm and srv thm, things that th Lord your God has allottd to all th popls vrywhr undr havn. On th day whn th LORD spok to you from th hart of th fir at Horb, you saw no form of any kind; so tak good car not to fall into th infamous practic of making for yourslvs carvd imags in th form of any statu of a man or woman, or of any animal on arth or bird that flis in th air, or of anything that crps on th ground or of any fish in th watrs undr th arth. Nor must you rais your ys to th havns and look up to th sun, th moon, and th stars, all th host of havn, and b ld astray to bow down to thm in worship; th LORD your God assignd ths for all th popls vrywhr undr havn. Jwish/Hbrw Nams Bibls: Complt Jwish Bibl "Thrfor, watch out for yourslvs! Sinc you did not s a shap of any kind on th day ADONAI spok to you in Horv from th fir, do not bcom corrupt and mak yourslvs a carvd imag having th shap of any figur - not a rprsntation of a human bing, mal or fmal, or a rprsntation of any animal on arth, or a rprsntation of any bird that flis in th air, or a rprsntation of anything that crps along on th ground, or a rprsntation of any fish in th watr blow th shorlin. For th sam rason, do not look up at th sky, at th

154 Dutronomy Chaptr xgss companion Bibl JPS (Tanakh 1985) Kaplan Translation Orthodox Jwish Bibl sun, moon, stars and vrything in th sky, and b drawn away to worship and srv thm; ADONAI your God has allottd ths to all th popls undr th ntir sky. MOSHEH WARNS AGAINST IDOLATRY Guard your souls mightily; for you saw no manifstation on th day Yah Vh wordd to you in Horb from midst th fir: lst you ruin, and work a sculptil - th manifstation of any figurin th pattrn of mal or fmal, th pattrn of any animal on th arth, th pattrn of any wingd fowl flying in th havns, th pattrn of aught crping on th soil, th pattrn of any fish in th watrs bnath th arth: and lst you lift up your ys to th havns and whn you s th sun and th moon and th stars and all th host of th havns and b drivn to prostrat to thm and srv thm - which Yah Vh your Elohim allottd to all popl undr th whol of th havns. For your own sak, thrfor, b most carful-sinc you saw no shap whn th Lord your God spok to you at Horb out of th fir- not to act wickdly and mak for yourslvs a sculpturd imag in any liknss whatvr: th form of a man or a woman, th form of any bast on arth, th form of any wingd bird that flis in th sky, th form of anything that crps on th ground, th form of any fish that is in th watrs blow th arth. And whn you look up to th sky and bhold th sun and th moon and th stars, th whol havnly host, you must not b lurd into bowing down to thm or srving thm. Ths th Lord your God allottd to othr popls vrywhr undr havn; but you th Lord took and brought out of Egypt, that iron blast furnac, to b His vry own popl, as is now th cas. V. 20 is includd for contxt. Watch yourslvs vry carfully, sinc you did not s any imag on th day that God spok to you out of th fir at Horb. You shall thrfor not bcom corrupt and mak a statu dpicting any symbol [Sml in Hbrw; s Ezkil 8:3, 2 Chronicls 33:7. Or, 'visibl form' (Chothm Takhnith); 'imaginary form' (Hirsch), or, 'four-sidd form' (Malbim).]. [Do not mak] any mal or fmal imag, or th imag of any animal on arth, any wingd cratur that flis in th sky, any lowr form of land animal, or any animal that livs in th watr blow th arth. Whn you rais your ys to th sky, and s th sun, moon, stars and othr havnly bodis, do not bow down to thm or worship thm. It was to all th [othr] nations undr th havns that God mad thm a portion. B shomr ovr yourslvs, thrfor; for y saw no mannr of tmunah on th yom that Hashm spok unto you in Chorv out of th midst of th ish; Lst y corrupt yourslvs, and mak you a psl, th tmunah of any sml, th liknss of zachar or nkvah, Th liknss of any bhmah that is on ha'artz, th liknss of any wingd fowl that flith in th air, Th liknss of anything that crpth on th adamah, th liknss of any dag (fish) that is in th watrs blow; And lst thou lift up thin ys unto Shomayim, and whn thou sst th shmsh, and th yari'ach, and th kokhavim, vn all th tz'va HaShomayim, shouldst b drivn to hishtachavh (bow down, worship) thm, and srv thm which Hashm Elohicha hath dividd unto kol HaGoyim undr kol HaShomayim. Expandd/Embllishd Bibls:

155 5479 Th Book of Dutronomy Th Expandd Bibl Krtzmann s Commntary NET Bibl Th Voic Laws About Idols L Sinc th Lord spok to you from th fir at Mount Sinai [ Horb; 4:10], but you did L not s him [ any form], watch yourslvs carfully! Don't sin [ruin/dstroy/spoil/corrupt yourslvs] by making idols of any kind, and don't mak status-of mn or womn, of animals on arth or birds that fly in th air, of anything that crawls [swarms] on th ground, or of fish in th watr blow. Whn you look L up at [ lift your ys to] th sky [havns], you s th sun, moon, and stars, and vrything in th sky [all th host of havn]. But don't bow down and worship thm [5:8-9; Ex. 20:4-5], bcaus th Lord your God has mad ths things [apportiond thm] for all popl vrywhr [32:8]. Tak y, thrfor, good hd unto yourslvs, vry on was to watch carfully ovr his soul; for y saw no mannr of similitud, no form or outlin which could b usd as th basis for a pictur, on th day that th Lord spak unto you in Horb out of th midst of th fir; lst y corrupt yourslvs, and mak you a gravn imag, ithr carvd or hwn, th similitud of any figur, th liknss of mal or fmal, th liknss of any bast that is on th arth, th liknss of any wingd fowl that flith in th air, th liknss of anything that crpth on th ground, th liknss of any fish that is in th watrs bnath th arth, any statu or pictur whatvr which might b usd for purposs of gross idolatry; and lst thou lift up thin ys unto havn, and whn thou sst th sun and th moon and th stars, vn. all th host of havn, shouldst b drivn to worship thm, Rom. 1:25, and srv thm, which th Lord, thy God, hath dividd unto all nations undr th whol havn. God's original purpos was that th havnly bodis should srv mankind, Gn. 1: Sinc th hathn, howvr, carrid away by th lur of th unknown, by th nticmnt of th light bodis, had givn thm divin honor, th Lord had prmittd thm to rmain in thir foolishnss, as a punishmnt for turning from Him. Th Natur of Isral's God B vry carful [Hb "giv grat car to your souls."], thn, bcaus you saw no form at th tim th Lord spok to you at Horb from th middl of th fir. I say this [Th words "I say this" ar supplid in th translation for stylistic rasons. In th Hbrw txt v. 16 is subordinatd to "B carful" in v. 15, but this maks for an unduly long sntnc in English.] so you will not corrupt yourslvs by making an imag in th form of any kind of figur. This includs th liknss of a human mal or fmal, any kind of land animal, any bird that flis in th sky, anything that crawls [Hb "crping thing."] on th ground, or any fish in th dp watrs of th arth [Hb "undr th arth."]. Whn you look up [Hb "lst you lift up your ys." In th Hbrw txt vv ar subordinatd to "B carful" in v. 15, but this maks for an unduly long sntnc in English.] to th sky and s th sun, moon, and stars - th whol havnly cration [Hb "all th host of havn."] - you must not b sducd to worship and srv thm, for th Lord your God has assignd [Or "allottd."] thm to all th popl [Or "nations."] of th world [Hb "undr all th havn."]. So b vry carful! Your souls ar at stak! You didn't s any shap whn th Etrnal spok to you at Horb from insid that fir, so don't vr bcom so corrupt that you carv an idol rprsnting Him for yourslvs in any shap, whthr in th form of a man or a woman, or in th form of an animal that livs on th land, or a bird with wings that flis through th sky, or anything that crawls on th ground, or a fish that swims in th sa. And don't vr bcom so corrupt that you look up into th sky and s th sun, th moon, and th stars-as if ach of thm wr a god-and b ld astray to bow down to thm and worship thm, which th Etrnal your God has givn to all th popl on arth. Litral, almost word-for-word, rndrings:

156 Dutronomy Chaptr Concordant Litral Vrsion Contxt Group Vrsion Darby Translation English Standard V. UK God s Truth (Tyndal) NASB You must b vry much on guard against your soulish dsirs (sinc you saw no physical rprsntation at all on th day Yahwh spok to you at Horb from th midst of th fir) lst you should bring ruin on yourslvs and mak for yourslvs a carving, a physical rprsntation of any figur, a modl of mal or fmal, a modl of any bast which is on th arth, a modl of any wingd bird which flis in th havns, a modl of any animal moving on th ground, a modl of any fish which is in th watrs blow th arth. Guard yourslvs lst you should lift up your ys toward th havns, and you s th sun and th moon and th stars, all th host of th havns, and b inducd to bow yourslf down to thm and srv thm, which Yahwh your Elohim has apportiond to all othr popls bnath th ntir havns. Thrfor tak {pl} good hd to yourslvs; for you {pl} saw no mannr of form on th day that YHWH spok to you {pl} in Horb out of th midst of th fir. Or ls you {pl} will corrupt yourslvs, and mak you {pl} a carvd imag in th form of any figur, th liknss of mal or fmal, th liknss of any bast that is on th land { or arth }, th liknss of any wingd bird that flis in th skis { or havns }, th liknss of anything that crps on th ground, th liknss of any fish that is in th watr undr th land { or arth }. Or ls you will lift up your ys to th skis { or havns }, and whn you s th sun and th moon and th stars, vn all th army of th skis { or havns }, you will b drawn away and bow down in dfrnc to thm, and srv thm, which YHWH your God has allottd to all th popls undr th ntir skis { or havns }. And tak grat hd to your souls (for y saw no form on th day that Jhovah spok to you in Horb from th midst of th fir), lst y corrupt yourslvs, and mak you a gravn imag, th form of any figur, th pattrn of mal or fmal, th pattrn of any bast that is on th arth, th pattrn of any wingd fowl that flith in th havn, th pattrn of anything that crpth on th ground, th pattrn of any fish that is in th watrs undr th arth; and lst thou lift up thin ys to th havns, and s th sun, and th moon, and th stars, th whol host of havn, and b drawn away and bow down to thm and srv thm, which Jhovah thy God hath assignd unto all popls undr th whol havn. Idolatry Forbiddn "Thrfor watch yourslvs vry carfully. Sinc you saw no form on th day that th Lord spok to you at Horb out of th midst of th fir, bwar lst you act corruptly by making a carvd imag for yourslvs, in th form of any figur, th liknss of mal or fmal, th liknss of any animal that is on th arth, th liknss of any wingd bird that flis in th air, th liknss of anything that crps on th ground, th liknss of any fish that is in th watr undr th arth. And bwar lst you rais your ys to havn, and whn you s th sun and th moon and th stars, all th host of havn, you b drawn away and bow down to thm and srv thm, things that th Lord your God has allottd to all th popls undr th whol havn. Tak hd unto yourslvs diligntly as prtaining unto your souls, for you saw no mannr of imag th day whn th Lord spok unto you in Horb out of th fir last you mar yourslvs and mak you gravn imags aftr whatsovr liknss it b: whthr aftr th liknss of man or woman or any mannr bast that is on th arth or of any mannr fathrd fowl that flys in th air, or of any mannr worm that crps on th arth or of any mannr fish that is in th watr bnath th arth: Ya and last you lift up your ys unto havn, and whn you s th *son and th moon and th stars and whatsovr is containd in havn, should b dcivd and should bow yourslf unto thm and srv th things which th Lord your God has distributd unto all nations that ar undr all quartrs of havn. "So watch yourslvs carfully, sinc you did not s any form on th day th Lord spok to you at Horb from th midst of th fir, so that you do not act corruptly and

157 5481 Th Book of Dutronomy Nw Europan Vrsion Nw King Jams Vrsion Updatd Bibl Vrsion 2.11 Young s Updatd LT Th gist of this passag: mak a gravn imag for yourslvs in th form of any figur, th liknss of mal or fmal, th liknss of any animal that is on th arth, th liknss of any wingd bird that flis in th sky, th liknss of anything that crps on th ground, th liknss of any fish that is in th watr blow th arth. And bwar not to lift up your ys to havn and s th sun and th moon and th stars, all th host of havn, and b drawn away and worship thm and srv thm, thos which th Lord your God has allottd to all th popls undr th whol havn. Idols Forbiddn Tak thrfor good hd to yourslvs, for you saw no kind of form on th day that Yahwh spok to you in Horb out of th midst of th fir. Do not corrupt yourslvs and mak yourslf an ngravd imag in th form of any figur, th liknss of mal or fmal, th liknss of any animal that is on th arth, th liknss of any wingd bird that flis in th sky, th liknss of anything that crps on th ground, th liknss of any fish that is in th watr undr th arth. Do not lift up your ys to th sky and whn you s th sun and th moon and th stars, all th army of th sky, b drawn away and worship thm and srv thm, which Yahwh your God has allottd to all th popls undr th whol sky. Bwar of Idolatry "Tak carful hd to yourslvs, for you saw no form whn th Lord spok to you at Horb out of th midst of th fir, lst you act corruptly and mak for yourslvs a carvd imag in th form of any figur: th liknss of mal or fmal, th liknss of any animal that is on th arth or th liknss of any wingd bird that flis in th air, th liknss of anything that crps on th ground or th liknss of any fish that is in th watr bnath th arth. And tak hd, lst you lift your ys to havn, and whn you s th sun, th moon, and th stars, all th host of havn, you fl drivn to worship thm and srv thm, which th Lord your God has givn to all th popls undr th whol havn as a hritag. Thrfor tak+ good hd to yourslvs; for you+ saw no mannr of form on th day that Yahwh spok to you+ in Horb out of th midst of th fir; or ls you+ will corrupt yourslvs, and mak you+ a gravn imag in th form of any figur, th liknss of mal or fmal, th liknss of any bast that is on th arth, th liknss of any wingd bird that flis in th havns, th liknss of anything that crps on th ground, th liknss of any fish that is in th watr undr th arth; or ls you will lift up your ys to havn, and whn you s th sun and th moon and th stars, vn all th host of havn, you will b drawn away and worship thm, and srv thm, which Yahwh your God has allottd to all th popls undr th whol havn. And you hav bn vry watchful of your souls, for you hav not sn any similitud in th day of Jhovah s spaking unto you in Horb out of th midst of th fir, lst you do corruptly, and hav mad to you a gravn imag, a similitud of any figur, a form of mal or fmal a form of any bast which is in th arth a form of any wingd bird which flis in th havns a form of any crping thing on th ground a form of any fish which is in th watrs undr th arth; And lst you lift up your ys towards th havns, and hav sn th sun, and th moon, and th stars, all th host of th havns, and you hav bn forcd, and hav bowd yourslf to thm, and srvd thm, which Jhovah your God has apportiond to all th popls undr th whol havns. Bcaus th Isralits hard God and saw manifstations of Him, but could not s a form of any kind, thy ar not to manufactur imags of Him of any kind and worship thos imags. Th nxt vrs is translatd in svral ways, and should b xamind for its corrct rndring, and thrfor, corrct maning:

158 Dutronomy Chaptr Th Amplifid Bibl Th Emphasizd Bibl KJV NASB NIV NRSV Own's Translation Young's Lit. Translation Thrfor, tak good hd to yourslvs; sinc you saw no form of Him on th day th Lord spok to you on Horb out of th midst of th fir, Y must tak dilignt hd, thrfor, unto your own souls, for y saw no mannr of form, on th day Yahwh spak unto you in Horb, out of th midst of th fir; Tak y thrfor good hd unto yourslvs; for y saw no mannr of similitud on th day that th Lord spok unto you in Horb out of th midst of th fir: "So watch yourslvs carfully, sinc you did not s any form on th day th Lord spok to you at Horb from th midst of th fir, You saw no form of any kind th day th Lord spok to you at Horb out of th fir. Thrfor watch yourslvs vry carfully, Sinc you saw no form whn th Lord spok to you at Horb out of th fir, tak car and watch yourslvs closly. Thrfor tak hd good to yourslvs sinc you saw no form in th day that Yahwh spok to you at Horb out of th midst of th fir. and y hav bn vry watchful of you souls, for y hav not sn any similitud in th day of Jhovah's spaking unto you in Horb out of th midst of th fir. Dutronomy 4:15a Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs w (or v ) (åà or åì) [pronouncd wh] and, vn, thn; namly; whn; sinc, that; though; as wll as simpl wâw conjunction No Strong s # BDB #251 shâmar (ùèîçø) [pronouncd shaw-mar] b kpt, b prsrvd; b carful; abstain yourslf [from anything]; bwar [of anything]; car [for somthing]; tak hd nd 2 prson masculin plural, Niphal imprativ Strong's #8104 BDB #1036 m ôd (îààéã) [pronouncd m -ODE] xcdingly, xtrmly, gratly, vry advrb Strong s #3966 BDB #547 All of th BDB dfinitions ar: 1) xcdingly, much (advrb); 2) might, forc, abundanc (substantiv); 3) muchnss, forc, abundanc, xcdingly (noun masculin); 3a) forc, might; 3b) xcdingly, gratly, vry (idioms showing magnitud or dgr); 3b1) xcdingly; 3b2) up to abundanc, to a grat dgr, xcdingly; 3b3) with muchnss, muchnss. Own translats this firmly in 1Kings 2:12. lâmd (ìà) [pronouncd l ] to, for, towards, in rgards to dirctional/rlational prposition No Strong s # BDB #510 n phâshôwth (ðàôèùåéú) [pronouncd NEH-fawshohth] souls, livs, living bings, dsir, volition; will fminin plural noun with nd th 2 prson masculin plural suffix Strong s #5315 BDB #659 Translation: You [all] nd to tak hd for your souls... Moss is tlling ths popl what thy nd to b awar of; h is warning thm hr. Thy nd to b carful in thir thinking. All of our lif gos back to our thinking. V. 15 bgins with th 2 prson masculin plural, Niphal prfct of shâmar (ùèîçø) [pronouncd shaw-mar] again. nd Shâmar coms from a primitiv root word which mans to hdg about with thorns; and it mans kp, guard, watch, prsrv; furthrmor, in th Niphal usd far lss than th Qal stm it is oftn translatd tak hd. Sinc this rndring has littl or no maning to us today, I oftn translat this [should] tak stock, or tak rsponsibility. Strong's #8104 BDB #1036. Although th Niphal is gnrally th passiv stm, it is also usd to strss th individual ffct upon th group. This is not in th imprativ but rathr in th prfct tns. In most

159 5483 Th Book of Dutronomy instancs w would translat this you hav takn rsponsibility, or you hav takn stock; howvr, v. 16 (and v. 19) bgin with lst, a conjunction which has th ffct of transforming a vrb into an imprativ. Essntially it mans, you will do this; if you don't, thn this will happn. Shâmar is modifid by th advrb m ôd (îààéã) [pronouncd m -ODE] and it mans vry, xcdingly, xtrmly, gratly; it brings gratr mphasis to th vrb. In ordr for this to mak rasonabl English sns, I hav translatd this tak carful stock. It would b rasonabl to translat this and diligntly watch [or guard] your souls; b vry watchful of your souls. This is followd by th lâmd prposition, which mans to, for, with rgards to. Th gnrally litral Young's Translation and Th Emphasizd Bibl both rval that th plural of th word for soul is found, as wll as th prsonal pronoun your. Thr will b a modratly complx thought put togthr hr, spanning svral vrss. Dutronomy 4:15b Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs kîy (ëìäé) [pronouncd k] for, that, bcaus; whn, at that tim, which, what tim xplanatory or tmporal conjunction; prposition Strong's #3588 BDB #471 lô (ìéà or ìåéà) [pronouncd low] not, no ngats th word or action that follows; th absolut ngation Strong s #3808 BDB #518 râ âh (øèàèä) [pronouncd raw-awh] to s, to look, to look at, to viw, to bhold; to obsrv; to prciv, to undrstand, to larn, to know rd 3 prson plural, Qal prfct Strong's #7200 BDB #906 kôl (ëìéì) [pronouncd kohl] vry, ach, all of, all; any of, any masculin singular construct not followd by a dfinit articl Strong s #3605 BDB #481 t mûwnâh (úìàîåìðèä) [pronouncd tm-oo- NAW] a form, imag; liknss, rprsntation, similitud, smblanc; somthing portiond out, an undfinabl shap, a manifstation fminin singular noun Strong's #8544 BDB #568 h b (áìà) [pronouncd b ] in, into, through; at, by, nar, on, upon; with, bfor, against; by mans of; among; within a prposition of proximity No Strong s # BDB #88 yôwm (éåéí) [pronouncd yohm] day; tim; today or this day (with a dfinit articl); possibly immdiatly masculin singular noun with th dfinit articl Strong s #3117 BDB #398 dâbar (ãìèáçø) [pronouncd b daw -VAHR] to spak, to dclar, to proclaim, to announc rd 3 prson masculin singular, Qal imprfct Strong s #1696 BDB #180 YHWH (éäåä) [pronunciation is possibly yhoh-wah] translitratd variously as Jhovah, Yahwh, Y howah propr noun Strong s #3068 BDB #217

160 Dutronomy Chaptr Dutronomy 4:15b Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs l (àæì) [pronouncd hl] unto; into, among, in; toward, to; against; concrning, rgarding; bsids, togthr with; as to dirctional prposition (rspct or dfrnc may b implid) with th nd 2 prson masculin plural suffix Strong's #413 BDB #39 h b (áìà) [pronouncd b ] in, into, through; at, by, nar, on, upon; with, bfor, against; by mans of; among; within a prposition of proximity Strong s# non BDB #88 Chôrêb (çéøåá) B [pronouncd khoh-re V] wast, dsolat; dsrt and is translitratd Horb propr noun Strong s #2722 BDB #352 min (îäï) [pronouncd mihn] from, off, out from, out of, away from, on account of, sinc, than, mor than prposition of sparation Strong's #4480 BDB #577 tâvk ( úìèåæ) [pronouncd E taw-vek ] midst, among, middl masculin singular construct Strong's #8432 BDB #1063 With th min prposition, this can man from th midst [of anything]; out from, out of. sh (àæù) [pronouncd aysh] fir, lightning, suprnatural fir; prsnc of Y howah, th attndanc of a thophany fminin singular noun with th dfinit articl Strong's #784 BDB #77 Translation:... sinc you did not s any physical form whn Y howah spok to you from th midst of th fir... What Moss is going to say is basd upon th fact that th Isralits did not s any imag whn thy hard God s voic. Thr is nothing which w can mak with our hands that w should worship. Ths Isralits do not hav an imag which thy hav sn that thy can somhow imitat with a sculptd itm. Moss is going to tick off som xampls of what thy ar not to mak. What follows is conjunction kîy (ëìäé) [pronouncd k], which mans whn, that, for. It is usd as an xplicativ, an xplanatory, a justificatory or a causal conjunction. Strong's #3588 BDB #471. Kîy will pull togthr why and how th sons of Isral ar to tak prsonal rsponsibility or carful stock in thir own souls. nd This is followd by th 2 prson masculin plural, Qal prfct of th vrb to s. and th masculin singular construct of kôl followd by th masculin singular of t mûwnâh (úìàîåìðèä) [pronouncd tm-oo-naw] and it mans somthing portiond out, an undfinabl shap, a manifstation, a form, a liknss. a word w just xamind in v. 12 of this chaptr. Kôl (ëìéì) [pronouncd kohl] mans th whol, all of, th ntirty of, all, vry. This word occurs too oftn for th Englishman's Concordanc to list its apparancs. Without th dfinit articl (as hr), kôl can man all things. In Gn. 9:11, with th ngativ, it is litrally th nought of all things; and w gnrally giv that a mor updatd translation thr is nothing (s also 2Kings 4:2 13:2). Hr, in this passag, as wll as in Dut. 8:9 28:55 Prov. 30:30, is mans (in conjunction with t mûwnâh) th liknss of anything. Strong's #3605 BDB #481 That is, th childrn of Isral, dspit haring God's voic giv thm th Tn Commandmnts, dspit th grat thundr and lightning, dspit th far this thrw into thir souls thy saw no discrnabl form of God that thy could copy with somthing on arth. Whn God gav th Tn Commandmnts orally to th sons of Isral, th popl hard His words and could s th grat mtorological disturbancs, but thr was no form for thm to discrn. And all th popl prcivd

161 5485 Th Book of Dutronomy th thundr and th lightning flashs and th sound of th trumpt and th mountain smoking; and whn th popl saw, thy trmbld, and stood at a distanc. Thn thy said to Moss, "Spak to us yourslf and w will listn; but do not lt God spak to us, or w will di." And Moss said to th popl, "Do not b afraid, for God has com in ordr to tst you, and in ordr that th far of Him may rmain with you, so that you will not sin." So th popl stood at a distanc, whil Moss approachd th thick cloud whr God [was] (Ex. 20:18 21). Clark: God chos to appar or manifst himslf, h took car nvr to assum any dscribabl form. H would hav no imag worship, bcaus h is a Spirit, and thy who worship him must worship him 99 in Spirit and in truth. On of th most intrsting aspcts of human history is that w hav all of ths busts and status of various hros and kings, most notably Cæsar, and dscriptions of th physical apparanc of many historical figurs, including Paul (although it may b spurious); howvr, nowhr do w hav a physical dscription or a painting or a pictur of Jsus Christ as don by a prson from th first cntury. Th man who turnd th world upsid down, whos prsonal discipls continud for many dcads aftr His ascnsion non of thm chos to rcord what H lookd lik. All w know is that H did hav bard, h was vry strong (which would includ th physical build to accompany His human physical strngth) and that h was vry nondscript in a mannr of spaking that is, H could blnd in with a crowd and not b discrnd by His nmis. Th paintings and picturs w s ar an artists intrprtation of our Lord, don cnturis aftr His incarnation and basd upon nothing apart from thir imagination. This is bcaus H is God and God dos not dsir for us to hav any gravn imags mad to Him. Thrfor, w would not xpct to hav any sort of a physical dscription of Jsus Christ. That pictur of Jsus that you hav hanging in your hallway with th long hair this did not com out of th first or vn th scond cntury. It is no accidnt that w do not know what Jsus lookd lik. God did not giv us a pictur of Jsus Christ intntionally. Nor will this pictur of yours aid you in th worship of Him any mor than idols would hlp th Isralit in thir worship of Y howah. It is God's Word in your hart, not a pictur on th wall, which will aid you in your worship of Jsus Christ. W ar to larn and worship th charactr of God; not som lam painting which probably dos not vn slightly rsmbl th Lord. Dutronomy 4:16a Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs pn (ôìæï) [pronouncd pn] lst, pradvntur, or ls, in ordr to prvnt, or, so that [plus a ngativ] conjunction Strong's #6435 BDB #814 shâchath (ùèççú) [pronouncd shaw- KHAHTH] to dstroy, to lay wast to, to caus on to go to ruin, to spoil, to ruin; to corrupt [morally], to prvrt nd 2 prson masculin plural, Hiphil imprfct Strong's #7843 BDB #1007 w (or v ) (åà or åì) [pronouncd wh] and, vn, thn; namly; whn; sinc, that; though; as wll as simpl wâw conjunction No Strong s # BDB #251 âsâh (òèùéèä) [pronouncd ìaw-sawh] to do, to mak, to construct, to fashion, to form, to prpar, to manufactur; accomplish nd 2 prson masculin plural, Qal prfct Strong's #6213 BDB # Adam Clark, Commntary on th Bibl; from -Sword, Dut. 4:15.

162 Dutronomy Chaptr Dutronomy 4:16a Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs lâmd (ìà) [pronouncd l ] to, for, towards, in rgards to dirctional/rlational prposition with th 2 nd prson masculin plural suffix No Strong s # BDB #510 pçl (ôìæñæì) [pronouncd PEH-cll] sculptd imag, carvd imag, gravn imag, ngravd imag masculin singular noun Strong's #6459 BDB #820 Translation:... that you do not bcom corruptd and mak for yourslvs [som] sculptd imag,... V. 16 bgins with th avrting or dprcating conjunction pn (ôìæï) [pronouncd pn], unfortunatly bst translatd with th Old English lst. I tnd to prfr th mor modrn so that + a ngativ. It could also b translatd for th avrsion of, for th avoidanc of, so that [you] avoid, in ordr to prvnt. Strong's 6435 BDB #814. This is followd by th Hiphil imprfct of shâchath (ùèççú) [pronouncd shaw-khahth], which mans to dcay, to go to ruin, to corrupt. In th Hiphil, it mans to caus thmslvs to fall into spiritual corruption. Strong's #7843 BDB #1007. Hr, thy ar warnd not to fall into idolatry, a topic which w hav covrd. It is important to s th analogy to today's world. Th Hbrws wr a vry dmonstrativ popl and thy would do th sam things that w do today, but in a much mor dmonstrativ way. Whn thy fll into spiritual corruption, thy would follow othr rligions by constructing physical idols mad out of ston and wood to rprsnt various gods, vn to rprsnt th God Who brought thm out of Egypt. It was th fathrs of thos listning who had bcom particularly spiritually corrupt (Dut. 9:12) and thos listning, as wll as thir progny, would also bcom corrupt (Dut. 31:29). Moss warns thm not to bcom sducd; not to bcom corruptd, and mak som sculptd imag (with th intntion of worshiping this imag). This is what th popl around thm do. Ellicott's Commntary: Th connction btwn idolatry and corruption is twofold. First, it changs "th glory of th incorruptibl God" into an imag of His corruptibl craturs. Scondly, it always nds in corrupting th idolatr. Man was mad to hav dominion ovr th works of God's hands. H cannot worship anything in cration, which h was not intndd to rul. H can only fulfil his dstiny whn h strivs aftr th Divin liknss, rising to that which is abov him, instad of stooping to that which is blow. 100 Dutronomy 4:16b Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs t mûwnâh (úìàîåìðèä) [pronouncd tm-oo- NAW] a form, imag; liknss, rprsntation, similitud, smblanc; somthing portiond out, an undfinabl shap, a manifstation; statu, idol fminin singular construct Strong's #8544 BDB #568 kôl (ëìéì) [pronouncd kohl] vry, ach, all of, all; any of, any masculin singular construct not followd by a dfinit articl Strong s #3605 BDB # From accssd May 10, 2015.

163 5487 Th Book of Dutronomy Dutronomy 4:16b Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs çml (ñæîæì) [pronouncd SEH-ml] an imag, a statu, a figur of anything, an idol-imag, carvd work, sculptur masculin singular noun; pausal form Strong's #5566 BDB #702 tab nîyth (úìçáàðäéú) b [pronouncd ta v - NEETH] modl, rsmblanc, pattrn, figur, imag; a building, a form fminin singular construct Strong's #8403 BDB #125 zâkâr (æèëèø) [pronouncd zaw-kawr] mal, mal offspring (whthr animal or popl); this word is not usd as a collctiv for mals and fmals masculin singular noun Strong's #2145 BDB #271 ôw (àåé) [pronouncd oh] or, or rathr, othrwis, also, and; if, prchanc; xcpt, or ls; whthr, not th last conjunction Strong's #176 BDB #14 n qêbâh (ðà ÅáÈä) b [pronouncd n -kay - AW] fmal in contrast to mal; woman, fmal [woman, child animal] fminin singular noun: Strong s #5347 BDB #666 Translation:...[in] th liknss of any imag, [whthr] mal or fmal,... Thy ar not to fashion for thmslvs any sort of imag, or any kind, whthr it is that of a mal or fmal. Clark: Such as Baal-por and th Roman Priapus, Ashtaroth or Astart, and th Grk and Roman 101 Vnus; aftr whom most nations of th world litrally wnt a whoring. Dr. John Gill: [Thy wr not to construct or worship an idol] of a man or a woman; so som of th Hathn ditis wr in th liknss of mn, as Jupitr, Mars, Hrculs, Apollo, &c. and othrs in th liknss of womn, as Juno, Diana, Vnus, &c. Som think Osiris and Isis, Egyptian ditis, th on mal, th othr fmal, ar rspctd; but it is not crtain that ths wr worshippd by thm so 102 arly. Trasury of Scriptural Knowldg: Such as Baal-por, th Roman Priapus; Ashtaroth or Astart, th 103 Grk and Roman Vnus, and many othrs. As Isaiah wrot: To whom thn will you likn God, or what liknss compar with Him? (Isa. 40:18, ESV; capitalizd) And as Jsus told us: God is spirit, and thos who worship Him must worship in spirit and truth." (John 4:24, ESV; capitalizd). And as Paul affirmd in 1Tim. 1:17 To th King of ags, immortal, invisibl, th only God, b honor and glory forvr and vr. Amn. Ellicott's Commntary: Th worship of th invisibl Jhovah is hr spcially insistd on. Th difficulty of larning to worship on whom w cannot s is, happily, on which our ducation dos not nabl us to ralis in its rlation to Isral of old. All nations had thir visibl symbols of dity. Cnturis aftrwards th world dscribd th followrs of Christ as Athists, bcaus thy had no visibl God. 101 Adam Clark, Commntary on th Bibl; from -Sword, Dut. 4: Dr. John Gill, John Gill s Exposition of th Entir Bibl; from -Sword, Dut. 4: Trasury of Scriptural Knowldg; by Cann, Brown, Blayny, Scott, and othrs about 1880, with introduction by R. A. Torry; courtsy of E-sword, Dut. 4:16.

164 Dutronomy Chaptr It is spcially rcordd in prais of Moss that "h ndurd as sing Him who is invisibl" 104 (Hbrws 11:27). Dutronomy 4:17a Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs tab nîyth (úìçáàðäéú) b [pronouncd ta v - NEETH] modl, rsmblanc, pattrn, figur, imag fminin singular construct Strong's #8403 BDB #125 kôl (ëìéì) [pronouncd kohl] vry, ach, all of, all; any of, any masculin singular construct not followd by a dfinit articl Strong s #3605 BDB #481 b hêmâh (áìàäåîèä) [pronouncd b hay- MAW] basts [a collctiv of all animals]; mammal (s), bast, animal, cattl, livstock [domsticatd animals]; wild basts fminin singular noun oftn usd in th collctiv sns Strong s #929 BDB #96 ãshr (àâéùæø) [pronouncd uh-sher] that, which, whn, who, whom; whr rlativ pronoun Strong's #834 BDB #81 h b (áìà) [pronouncd b ] in, into, through; at, by, nar, on, upon; with, bfor, against; by mans of; among; within a prposition of proximity Strong s# non BDB #88 rts (àæøæõ) [pronouncd EH-rts] arth (all or a portion throf), land, trritory, country, continnt; ground, soil; undr th ground [Shol] fminin singular noun with th dfinit articl Strong's #776 BDB #75 Translation:...[or] an imag of any animal on th arth,... Thy ar not to fashion an imag to look lik som animal on th arth. Again, this is all about worship. Gill: as th ox by th Egyptians, th shp by th Thbans, th goat by th Mndsians, and othrs 105 by diffrnt popl. For us, this is paralll to falling into apostasy. This dos not man that w start worshiping a wood, ston or mtal smblanc of God this mans that w worship somthing othr than th Tru God of th Univrs. This can b an xtrmly subtl chang in modus oprandi; th changing of churchs to find on which has a bttr babysitting srvic or a group for th young unmarrid s or for th nw coupls or whatvr. Th doctrin is takn as a part of th involvmnt with th church, vn though it may stand in dirct opposition to God's grac and God's plan. Thr may b dmon infiltration of tongus and fals signs and lying wondrs, but th popl ar so nic and so loving, that you cannot hlp but bliv thm. You may hav falln for th vry subtl diffrncs of infusd grac as opposd to imputd grac, in ordr to find a church with mor convnint tims or a mor solmn worship srvic and ritual xcution. Ths ar all idolatry. You should pursu th truth of God's Word, rgardlss of th kind of church that provids it. It dosn't mattr if th pastor is Black, and ntir congrgation is Black, and you ar Asian and thr is not an Asian with tn mils of th church if th pastor is taching God's Word, you should b thr. It dosn't mattr if th only way you can listn to God's Word is to sit in a small room From accssd May 10, Dr. John Gill, John Gill s Exposition of th Entir Bibl; from -Sword, Dut. 4:17.

165 5489 Th Book of Dutronomy with a spakr with your childrn in th back of th church bcaus thr ar no child car facilitis if th pastor is taching carfully God's Word, that is whr you should b. It dosn't mattr whthr this sms to b th most unfrindly church that you hav vr gon to and nobody has spokn to you for two months if th pastor is taching God's Word, you should go thr. Okay, how do you know? Lt m giv you a fw pointrs on how to dtrmin whthr or not you ar in a church taching God's Word: How to dtrmin if you ar in a good church 1. Th pastor of th church is an ICE pastor. That is, h tachs isagogics, catgoris and xgsis. Lt m xpand on that. 2. Th pastor frquntly tachs God's Word vrs by vrs, on right aftr anothr, not jumping from book to book or passag to passag, but gnrally picking a book and moving right through it vrs by vrs. That is an xgtical approach to taching th Bibl. 3. Th pastor trats God's Word with rspct. H givs vry indication that h blivs th Bibl to b th vry words of God as rcordd by man, and his srmons rflct carful study and an intns dsir to dtrmin what th maning of ach passag is. Th only jumping off that th pastor dos, rgarding a passag, is to mak a modrn-day application of that passag (although th connction btwn th original passag and th application ought to b rasonably clar). 4. Th pastor tachs in th litral contxt of th vrs; that is, th pastor dos not jump around from passag to passag on a rgular basis, supporting his viws by quoting a vrs hr or thr. Doctrins must b taught by moving throughout God's Word; howvr, th bulk of a pastor's taching should b vrs by vrs, in contxt. 5. Whras, thr might b giving, singing, various groups and various activitis, and som rituals practicd th focus and th thrust of th church in both mphasis and tim is on God's Word. Taching God's Word is primary; vrything ls is scondary. 6. Th pastor should not vn if h counsls you try to run your lif. No dacon and no othr prson in th church who apparntly has som authorization of th church, should try to run your lif. Now thr ar forms of bhavior which ar sinful which should not b known to th othr mmbrs of th congrgation (you might think you ar gay and you pranc around with a mmbr of th sam gndr involvd in a grat dal of physical affction for on anothr). That is, you ar not to com into a church and parad your sinfulnss in front of vryon ls. This may gt you disbarrd from th church. No on is trying to run your lif in this situation; thy ar just protcting th othr mmbrs of th flock who might bcom confusd thinking that th church condons crtain kinds of bhavior which it dos not. If you ar th last confusd about som aspct of your prsonal lif and its validity in th Christian lif, kp it privat do not parad it in front of th congrgation, and a Bibl-taching church will not try to prsonally corrct your lif for you. Many pastors ar confusd in this ara thy think that th lss sin thr is in th world, th bttr vrything is; and if thy can, by any mans, rduc th amount of sin in th world, thn thy hav don good. God is glorifid whn you choos God's ways ovr yours God is not glorifid bcaus you hav bn bullid into som cours of action by somon ls. 7. A Bibl-taching church should xalt Jsus Christ as th God-man, as our only mans of salvation; and that by bliving in Him, w ar savd forvr, dspit anything which has occurrd in our livs bfor and aftr our momnt of salvation. Whn I bcam intrstd in th things of God, I blivd in Jsus Christ a dozn tims or mor, to mak crtain it took. I did not want to lav anything to chanc. It took th first tim that I blivd in Him and placd my trust in Jsus Christ to dlivr my soul. Now, you will not th things which I lft out: (1) if your church is a vibrant, growing church; (2) if your pastor is on tlvison or on th radio; (3) if thr ar good child car facilitis; (4) your pastor givs lip srvic to th Word of God, although h nvr rally tachs much of it. It is important that w sparat what is important from what is not. Ths things may b what is happning in your church and thy may not b happning in your church. Thy ar not important. Chaptr Outlin Charts, Graphics and Short Doctrins

166 Dutronomy Chaptr At th tim that I blivd in Jsus Christ, I was facd with a strong intllctual curiosity in what I had just don. I do not rcall if I was savd first and thn startd xploring th options or whthr I xplord th various options and thn bcam savd. I rad matrials givn m by svral cults, I listnd to various spakrs, I ordrd taps, I listnd to shows on Christian radio programs. To a nw Christian, or to somon who is just bginning, it is vry difficult to mak a corrct choic. I do not think that I was prdisposd and trid to filtr through all of th matrial without making a choic basd upon human viwpoint. My fling was that if, for instanc, th Childrn of God cult or th Jhovah's Witnss cult wr th only tru tachrs of God's Word, thn I should align myslf with thm. It is a difficult dtrmination to mak. Cultic litratur gnrally all sounds rasonabl (with a fw notabl xcptions) thy hav thir doctrins which thy support with passags from God's Word. Howvr, I bgan listning to th taps of R.B. Thim, Jr. (whom I did not lik as a prson), to th radio program of J. Vrnon McG, and to a radio program by Dr. Duan Spncr. Insofar as I was awar, I did not know of a connction btwn any of ths thr popl (I latr found out that Thim was acquaintd with McG). Howvr, th basic doctrins of ths mn wr vry similar; Thim and McG both taught vrs by vrs through God's Word and I thought that thy must b onto somthing, if thy agr in th most important points of doctrin, thy bliv that th Bibl is God's Word and if thy cam upon ths conclusions indpndntly. I continud to rad litratur put out by various cults and studid th pros and cons of it, and vntually placd my tim undr th ministry of R.B. Thim for my spiritual growth. I bliv that God ld m to that point. Of all th popl that I knw and all of th popl that I listnd to, I prsonally likd Thim about th last howvr, h was taching God's Word and h did vntually grow on m. For awhil, this mant that th bulk of my spiritual growth cam out of a tap box and not in th church that I attndd (which hld to th sam basic important doctrins which I thn did, but did not spnd narly nough tim taching God's Word). This is whr I also discovrd that th majority of thos blivrs who ar savd hav no intrst in God's Word a fact which totally took m by surpris; but that's anothr story. Back to our passag: Dutronomy 4:17b Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs tab nîyth (úìçáàðäéú) b [pronouncd ta v - NEETH] modl, rsmblanc, pattrn, figur, imag fminin singular construct Strong's #8403 BDB #125 kôl (ëìéì) [pronouncd kohl] vry, ach, all of, all; any of, any masculin singular construct not followd by a dfinit articl Strong s #3605 BDB #481 tsippôwr (öäôìåéø) [pronouncd tsihp- POOR] small bird, sparrow; bird [singular, collctiv sns]; fowl, birds fminin singular noun Strong s #6833 BDB #861 kânâph (ëìèðèó) [pronouncd kaw- NAWF] wing of birds (Gn. 1:21 Ex. 19:4 Dut. 32:11) as wll as th xtrmity of a garmnt (Dut. 22:12, 30 Ruth 3:9) fminin singular noun Strong s #3671 BDB #489 ãshr (àâéùæø) [pronouncd uh-sher] that, which, whn, who, whom; whr rlativ pronoun Strong's #834 BDB #81 ûph (òåìó) [pronouncd ìoopf] to fluttr; it is translatd both to fly [away, to] (Job 5:7 Isa. 11:14) and to b in a dp slp; to b wary (Judgs 4:21 1Sam. 14:25 2Sam. 21:15) rd 3 prson fminin singular, Qal imprfct Strong s #5774 BDB #733

167 5491 Th Book of Dutronomy Dutronomy 4:17b Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs h b (áìà) [pronouncd b ] in, into, through; at, by, nar, on, upon; with, bfor, against; by mans of; among; within a prposition of proximity Strong s# non BDB #88 shâmayîm (ùèîçéäí) [pronouncd shaw-mahyim] havn, havns, skis; th visibl havns, as in as abod of th stars or as th visibl univrs, th sky, atmosphr, tc.; Havn (as th abod of God) masculin dual noun with th dfinit articl Strong s #8064 BDB #1029 Translation:...[or] an imag of any wingd bird flying in th havns,... Thy ar not to mak imags of birds to worship. Clark: Such as th Egyptian god Apis, who was worshippd undr th form of a whit bull; th ibis and hawk, among th fowls, had also Divin honors paid to thm; srpnts and th crocodil among 106 rptils; bsids monkys, dogs, cats, th scarabaus, lks, and onions. Gill: as th hawk, and th bird calld Ibis, and anothr by th nam of Cnph by th Egyptians, and 107 th agl by othrs. Th only problm in taching carfully vrs by vrs, is that somtims th vrss by thmslvs man vry littl. W will nd to look at this passag as on contiguous whol (which w will do) and xamin th diffrnt words which w find hr that ar variously translatd as form, similitud, liknss, gravn imag, tc. It is foolish that thr is an animal or a bird whos imag should b takn to worship as though that imag rprsnts God. Howvr, what is also ridiculous is to assum that you can crat or prciv of God as bing in your own imag. Dutronomy 4:18a Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs tab nîyth (úìçáàðäéú) b [pronouncd ta v - NEETH] modl, rsmblanc, pattrn, figur, imag fminin singular construct Strong's #8403 BDB #125 kôl (ëìéì) [pronouncd kohl] vry, ach, all of, all; any of, any masculin singular construct not followd by a dfinit articl Strong s #3605 BDB #481 râmas (øèîçùò) [pronouncd raw-mahs] crping, moving lightly, moving about, gliding; bustling [about]; bing animatd, bing activ; it carris th implication of surrptitiously moving about. Qal activ participl Strong s #7430 BDB # Adam Clark, Commntary on th Bibl; from -Sword, Dut. 4:17. Dr. John Gill, John Gill s Exposition of th Entir Bibl; from -Sword, Dut. 4:17.

168 Dutronomy Chaptr Dutronomy 4:18a Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs h b (áìà) [pronouncd b ] in, into, through; at, by, nar, on, upon; with, bfor, against; by mans of; among; within a prposition of proximity Strong s# non BDB #88 ãdâmâh (àâãèîèä) [pronouncd uh-daw- MAWH] ground, soil, dirt, arth, tillabl arth, land, surfac of th arth fminin singular noun with th dfinit articl Strong's #127 BDB #9 Translation:...[or] an imag of any crping thing on th ground,... Thy ar not to mak imags of things that crp along th ground. Many idntify ths with rptils, but I think this could rfr to both rptils and small mammals. Thr is no indication that Moss is attmpting to giv us a lsson in animal classification hr. Gill: As srpnts by many; and indd that cratur is introducd into almost all th idolatris of th Hathns, which sms to tak its ris from th srpnt Satan mad us of to dciv our first 108 parnts. Dutronomy 4:18b Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs tab nîyth (úìçáàðäéú) b [pronouncd ta v - NEETH] modl, rsmblanc, pattrn, figur, imag fminin singular construct Strong's #8403 BDB #125 kôl (ëìéì) [pronouncd kohl] vry, ach, all of, all; any of, any masculin singular construct not followd by a dfinit articl Strong s #3605 BDB #481 dâgâh (ãìèâèä) [pronouncd daw-gaw] fish fminin singular noun gnrally usd in th collctiv sns Strong s #1710 BDB #185 ãshr (àâéùæø) [pronouncd uh-sher] that, which, whn, who, whom; whr rlativ pronoun Strong's #834 BDB #81 h b (áìà) [pronouncd b ] in, into, through; at, by, nar, on, upon; with, bfor, against; by mans of; among; within a prposition of proximity Strong s# non BDB #88 mayim (îçéäí) [pronouncd mah-yihm] watr (s) masculin plural noun with th dfinit articl Strong s #4325 BDB #565 min (îäï) [pronouncd mihn] from, away from, out from, out of from, off, on account of, sinc, abov, than, so that not, byond, mor than prposition of sparation Strong's #4480 BDB # Dr. John Gill, John Gill s Exposition of th Entir Bibl; from -Sword, Dut. 4:18.

169 5493 Th Book of Dutronomy Dutronomy 4:18b Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs tachath (úìçççú) [pronouncd TAHkhahth] undrnath, blow, undr, bnath; instad of, in liu of; in th plac [in which on stands]; in xchang for; on th basis of prposition Strong s #8478 BDB #1065 Min + tachath togthr man blow, bnath, from undr, from bnath and it is usd of thos that wr undr anything and cam out from thr. rts (àæøæõ) [pronouncd EH-rts] arth (all or a portion throf), land, trritory, country, continnt; ground, soil; undr th ground [Shol] fminin singular noun with th dfinit articl Strong's #776 BDB #75 Translation:...[or] an imag of any fish which [is] in th watrs blow sa lvl [lit., undr th arth];... Thy ar not to mak any imag of fish. Blow th arth dos not rfr to undrground strams and systms of watr, but to st thos who liv in th watr in contrast with thos which liv upon th ground, contrastd thos th birds who liv in th havns, contrastd with animals who liv upon th ground. Gill: As th crocodil and hippopotamus, or rivr hors, by th Egyptians; and Dagon and Drcto, 109 supposd to b figurs in th form of a fish, among th Phonicians. Jamison, Fausst and Brown: [Difying natur] was particularly th cas with th Canaanits and Egyptians, against whos suprstitious practics th caution, no doubt, was chifly dirctd. Th formr worshippd Baal and Astart, th lattr Osiris and Isis, undr th figur of a mal and a fmal. It was in Egypt that animal-worship most prvaild, for th nativs of that country difid among basts th ox, th hifr, th shp, and th goat, th dog, th cat, and th ap; among birds, th ibis, th hawk, and th cran; among rptils, th crocodil, th frog, and th btl; among fishs, all th fish of th Nil; som of ths, as Osiris and Isis, wr worshippd ovr all Egypt, th othrs only in particular provincs. In addition thy mbracd th Zabian suprstition, th adoration of th Egyptians, in common with that of many othr popl, xtnding to th whol starry host. Th vry circumstantial dtails hr givn of th Canaanitish and Egyptian idolatry wr owing to th past and prospctiv 110 familiarity of th Isralits with it in all ths forms. Dos this man w cannot paint birds or fish or scnry? Can w not sculpt imags? This passag is rlatd to idolatry. Ths imags wr not to b manufacturd with th ida that thy had som inhrnt powr or ability; thy wr not to b mad into objcts of worship. Cultur has changd ovr th past svral cnturis, as ths vrss do indicat. Although thr ar culturs who build various physical things that thy worship, our idolatry today in most culturs is on of th soul. Howvr, status of th on-tim virgin Mary, picturs of our Lord and similar itms, whn mad a part of on's worship ar hrin strictly forbiddn. Thr ar crtain words that ar found in hr which man liknss, similitud, form. Thy ar: 109 Dr. John Gill, John Gill s Exposition of th Entir Bibl; from -Sword, Dut. 4: Robrt Jamison, A. R. Fausst and David Brown; Commntary Critical and Explanatory on th Whol Bibl; 1871; from -sword, Dut. 4:16 19.

170 Dutronomy Chaptr Words for Idols Hbrw Word T mûwnâh (úìàîåìðèä) [pronouncd tm-oo-naw] Strong's #4327 & 8544 BDB #568 Dut. 4:12, Pçl (ôìæñæì) [pronouncd PEH-cll]. Strong's #6459 BDB #820 Çml (ñæîæì) [pronouncd SEH-ml]. Strong's #5566 BDB #702 b Tab nîyth (úìçáàðäéú) [pronouncd ta v -NEETH]. Strong's #8403 BDB #125 Chaptr Outlin Maning It mans somthing portiond out, an undfinabl shap, a manifstation, a form, a liknss; statu, idol. This word is found in Ex. 20:4 Num. 12:8 Dut. 4:12, 15 16, 23, 25 5:8 Job 4:16 Psalm 17:15* and it is usd primarily of th manifstation of our Lord Jsus Christ. Pçl coms from a vrb which mans to hw into a shap, gravn imag, sculptd imag. Ex. 20:4 Dut. 4:16, 23 Judgs 18:20 Habak. 2:18 Ç ml is takn from a root that mans to rsmbl and it mans imag, statu, a figur of anything, an idol-imag, carvd work or sculptur. Found in Dut. 4:16 2Chron. 33:7, 15 Ezk. 8:3, 5.* This word mans modl, liknss, rsmblanc, pattrn, figur; a building, a form. Ex. 25:9 Dut. 4: Chron. 28:11 Ezk. 10:8 Charts, Graphics and Short Doctrins Now lt's xamin ths last fw vrss as a contiguous whol in a tabl: Words for Idols in our Passag In th English "And you [all] [should] tak carful stock with rgard to your souls bcaus you [all] did not s any form in th day of Y howah's spaking to you in Horb out of th midst of th lightning [lit., fir] so that you avoid acting corruptly [or, so that you do not caus yourslvs to fall into dcay; or, so that you do not bcom spiritually corrupt] and mak [or, construct] for yourslf a sculptd imag [or a gravn imag], a form of any statu In th Hbrw Th masculin singular of t mûwnâh (úìàîåìðèä) [pronouncd tm-oo-naw]. Kôl (ëìéì) [pronouncd kohl] mans th whol, all of, th ntirty of, all, vry. Without th dfinit articl (as hr), kôl can man all things. In Gn. 9:11, with th ngativ, it it litrally th nought of all things; and w gnrally giv that a mor updatd translation thr is nothing (s also 2Kings 4:2 13:2). Hr, in this passag, as wll as in Dut. 8:9 28:55 Prov. 30:30, it mans (in conjunction with t mûwnâh) th liknss of anything. Strong's #3605 BDB #481 No dfinit articl; pçl (ôìæñæì) [pronouncd PEH-cll] Th construct of t mûwnâh (úìàîåìðèä) [pronouncd tm- oo-naw] Çml (ñæîæì) [pronouncd SEH-ml]

171 5495 Th Book of Dutronomy Words for Idols in our Passag In th English In th Hbrw b a liknss of mal or fmal, Tab nîyth (úìçáàðäéú) [pronouncd ta v -NEETH] b a liknss Tab nîyth (úìçáàðäéú) [pronouncd ta v -NEETH] of any bast which [is] in [lit. against] h Bêyth prposition b (áìà) [pronouncd b ] and it dnots proximity. It is translatd in, among, into, against, with, at, through. BDB # Erts (àæøæõ) [pronouncd EH-rts] mans arth (all or th arth, a portion), land. Strong's #776 BDB #75 b a liknss Tab nîyth (úìçáàðäéú) [pronouncd ta v -NEETH] of any wingd cratur which flis in th havns, a liknss of any crping thing in [or, against] th ground, a liknss of any fish which [is] in th watrs undrnath with rspct to th arth; Chaptr Outlin h Bêyth prposition b (áìà) [pronouncd b ] translatd in, among, into, against, with, at, through. BDB #88 h Bêyth prposition b (áìà) [pronouncd b ] translatd in, among, into, against, with, at, through. BDB #88 Ãdâmâh (àâãèîèä) [pronouncd uh-daw-mawh] and it mans ground, soil, tillabl arth, surfac of th arth. Strong's #127 BDB #9 b Tab nîyth (úìçáàðäéú) [pronouncd ta v -NEETH], bêyth h prposition b (áìà) [pronouncd b ] rts (àæøæõ) [pronouncd EH-rts] mans arth (all or a portion), land. Strong's #776 BDB #75 Charts, Graphics and Short Doctrins "And you [all] [should] tak carful stock with rgard to your souls bcaus you [all] did not s any form [or, th liknss of anything] in th day of Y howah's spaking to you in Horb out of th midst of th lightning [lit., fir] so that you avoid acting corruptly [or, so that you do not caus yourslvs to fall into dcay; or, so that you do not bcom spiritually corrupt] and mak [or, construct] for yourslf a gravn imag, a form [or, a similitud] of any figur, a liknss of mal or a fmal, a liknss of any wingd bird which flis in th havns, a liknss of any bast which [is] on th arth, a liknss of any wingd cratur which flis in th havns; a liknss of any crping thing in [or, against] th ground, a liknss of any fish which [is] in th watrs undrnath with rspct to th arth." (Dut. 4:15 18) Chuck Smith: Now, h points out th fact that whn thy hard th voic of God thy didn t s any form at all, dlibratly so. For God did not want thm making any kind of a rprsntativ liknss of God. Now in all of th nations around thm thy had all of thir littl carvings, all of thir littl idols that wr rprsnting thir gods. Som of thm wr fmal idols with multi-brasts, som of thm wr mal-typ idols. Som of thm wr wird, wings. Som of thm lookd lik fish. Som of thm lookd monstrous, gargoyl kind. This is God. This is what God looks lik. H said, "not so". God dosn t want you making any gravn imag. God dosn t want you making any kind of a 112 rprsntativ liknss of Him. It"s not to b don. Ptr Ptt: Thy wr spcially thn to rmmbr that whn thy had sn Him thy had sn no mannr of form. All thy had sn was glorious, unarthly fir; thral, mystrious, indscribabl, My two rfrnc books not a dfinit articl hr and with havns, but I do not s it. From accssd May 14, 2015.

172 Dutronomy Chaptr untouchabl, hr, thr, and vrywhr on th mountain. To try to rprsnt Him in any arthly form or art would b to misrprsnt Him and to dgrad Him. Thus thy wr to bwar that thy mad no attmpt to mak any imag of Him, of whatvr liknss, howvr symbolic, not of anything in havn, or on arth, or undr th arth, or in th sa. To do so would b to commit a crim so hinous that it was dsrving of instant dath (Dutronomy 27:15; compar Dutronomy 13:6-11; Dutronomy 5:8-9; Dutronomy 12:2-4; Lviticus 26:30). Lt thm thn rmmbr that whn thy saw Yahwh thy saw no mannr of form. Ths vrss rflct a knowldg of th traditions bhind Gnsis 1, and ar a rmindr thrby that all ths things of which mn mak imags ar but God's crations, and thus not worthy of worship. To rprsnt God in an imag is thus to dbas Him and 113 limit Him to what is arthly, rducing His transcndnc. Charli Clough commnts: Hr is th biblical rpudiation of vry non-isralit rligion. It is not a mattr of bigotry; it is a mattr of truth. Evry rligion outsid of Isral is formd by human construction built upon dpravity. Isral's rligion alon is of divin construction built upon grac. Nithr Abraham nor his dscndants had suprior insight to thir nighbors; rathr, thy wr chosn by God, through no mrit of thir own, to b th mdiating nation btwn God and man. All objctions to this rligious xclusivism, thrfor, rst upon ignoranc of history, rbllion against 114 God's charactr, and/or a misundrstanding of gracious lction. Th Easy English Bibl Commntary: At Horb, th popl hard th voic of th *LORD. Thy knw that God was thr. Thy saw his powr. Thy wr afraid as h spok to thm from th fir. Howvr, thy could not s him. H did not show himslf to thm in any shap or dfinit imag. And h ordrd thm not to mak any imag of him. Th *LORD did not want his popl to *worship any imags. In Egypt and in Canaan th popl mad imags of thir gods. Thy mad th imags to b lik modls of mn or of womn. In both countris, thr wr many gods that wr in th shap of animals. Svral gods in Egypt wr birds. Thr wr gods that wr in th shap of snaks or fishs. Thy mad imags of all thos gods from wood or from ston. And thy *worshippd thos 115 fals gods. Th *Isralits must nvr *worship such gods or any imags. Dutronomy 4:19a Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs w (or v ) (åà or åì) [pronouncd wh] and, vn, thn; namly; whn; sinc, that; though; as wll as simpl wâw conjunction No Strong s # BDB #251 pn (ôìæï) [pronouncd pn] lst, pradvntur, or ls, in ordr to prvnt, or, so that [plus a ngativ] conjunction Strong's #6435 BDB #814 nâsâ (ðèùòèà) [pronouncd naw-saw] to lift up, to bar, to carry nd 2 prson masculin singular, Qal imprfct Strong s #5375 BDB #669 êynayim (òåéðçéäí) [pronouncd ìay-nah- YIM] ys, two ys, litral y(s), spiritual ys; fac, apparanc, form; surfac fminin dual noun with nd th 2 prson masculin singular suffix Strong s #5869 (and #5871) BDB # From accssd May 12, Charls A. Clough, Dawn of th Kingdom, 1974, p. 27. From accssd May 15, 2015.

173 5497 Th Book of Dutronomy Dutronomy 4:19a Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs shâmayîm (ùèîçéäí) [pronouncd shaw-mahyim] havn, havns, skis; th visibl havns, as in as abod of th stars or as th visibl univrs, th sky, atmosphr, tc.; Havn (as th abod of God) masculin dual noun with th dfinit articl and th locativ hê Strong s #8064 BDB #1029 Whn followd by th lttr hê (ä), it mans to havn, havnward, toward havn or towards th havns. w (or v ) (åà or åì) [pronouncd wh] and, vn, thn; namly; whn; sinc, that; though; as wll as simpl wâw conjunction No Strong s # BDB #251 râ âh (øèàèä) [pronouncd raw-awh] to s, to look, to look at, to viw, to bhold; to obsrv; to prciv, to undrstand, to larn, to know rd 3 prson masculin singular, Qal prfct Strong's #7200 BDB #906 êth (àæç) [pronouncd ayth] Indicats nxt word is th objct of th vrb; somtims translatd to untranslatd mark of a dirct objct Strong's #853 BDB #84 shmsh (ùæîæù) [pronouncd SHEHmsh] sun; sunris, sun-rising, ast, sun-stting, wst (of dirction); opnly, publically masculin or fminin singular noun with th dfinit articl Strong s #8121 BDB #1039 w (or v ) (åà or åì) [pronouncd wh] and, vn, thn; namly; whn; sinc, that; though; as wll as simpl wâw conjunction No Strong s # BDB #251 êth (àæç) [pronouncd ayth] Indicats nxt word is th objct of th vrb; somtims translatd to untranslatd mark of a dirct objct Strong's #853 BDB #84 yârêach (éèøåçç) [pronouncd yaw-rayahkh] moon masculin singular noun with th dfinit articl Strong s #3394 BDB #437 w (or v ) (åà or åì) [pronouncd wh] and, vn, thn; namly; whn; sinc, that; though; as wll as simpl wâw conjunction No Strong s # BDB #251 êth (àæç) [pronouncd ayth] Indicats nxt word is th objct of th vrb; somtims translatd to untranslatd mark of a dirct objct Strong's #853 BDB #84 kôwkâb (ëìåéëèá) [pronouncd koh- B KAW V] star; figurativly, it is usd of Mssiah, brothrs, youth, numrous progny, prsonification, God s omniscinc masculin plural noun with th dfinit articl Strong s #3556 BDB #456 kôl (ëìéì) [pronouncd kohl] vry, ach, all of, all; any of, any masculin singular construct not followd by a dfinit articl Strong s #3605 BDB #481

174 Dutronomy Chaptr Dutronomy 4:19a Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs tsâbâ (öèáèà) [pronouncd b tsaw -VAW] that which gos forth, army, war, warfar, host; army, host; host (of organizd army); host (of angls); of sun, moon, and stars; of whol cration; war, warfar, srvic, go out to war; srvic masculin singular construct Strong's #6635 BDB #838 shâmayîm (ùèîçéäí) [pronouncd shaw-mahyim] havn, havns, skis; th visibl havns, as in as abod of th stars or as th visibl univrs, th sky, atmosphr, tc.; Havn (as th abod of God) masculin dual noun with th dfinit articl Strong s #8064 BDB #1029 Th NET Bibl: Th Hbrw trm ùèîçéäí (shamayim) may b translatd havn(s) or sky dpnding on th 116 contxt. Translation:...and so that you do not lift up your ys and s th sun, th moon, th stars all th host of th havns... Th conjunction lst (translatd hr, so that...not) tis this vrs to th protasis of v. 15. nd Lift up is in th 2 prson masculin singular, Qal imprfct Moss is spaking to ach individual. I hav translatd having sn lik an imprfct participl, but it is in th Qal prfct. Own's has a similar rndring: and whn you s. Thy ar not to look up in th havns and find somthing up thr to worship not th sun, not th moon and not th stars. Thr ar a lot of thoris of man and th various things which h has worshipd and whn h did; but hr, in on of th arlist documnts in human history, it is clar that worship of anything othr than th Living God is forbiddn. And how do w worship th Living God? Clarly, without imags or idols. Dr. Chandlr obsrvs, that this is th vry pictur of Egypt, which had gods of all sorts; dad prsons difid, mal and fmal, and numrous imags of thm; who worshippd as ditis bulls, cows, shp, goats, dogs, cats, birds, th ibis and hawk, srpnts, crocodils, rivr-horss, togthr with 117 th sun, moon, and stars of havn. Dutronomy 4:19b Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs w (or v ) (åà or åì) [pronouncd wh] and, vn, thn; namly; whn; sinc, that; though; as wll as simpl wâw conjunction No Strong s # BDB # From accssd April 7, 2015 (footnot). From (Bnson s Commntary); accssd May 10, 2015.

175 5499 Th Book of Dutronomy Dutronomy 4:19b Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs nâdach (ðèãçç) [pronouncd naw- DAHKH] to b banishd, to b cast away [cast down], to b complld, to b drivn away [xplld]; to b thrust [out, away, asid]; to b drawn away, to b sducd nd 2 prson masculin singular, Niphal prfct Strong's #5080 BDB #623 w (or v ) (åà or åì) [pronouncd wh] and, vn, thn; namly; whn; sinc, that; though; as wll as simpl wâw conjunction No Strong s # BDB #251 shâchah (ùèççä) [pronouncd shaw- KHAW] to bow down, to prostrat onslf, to do obisanc to; to honor [with prayrs]; to do homag to, to submit to nd 2 prson masculin singular, Hithpal prfct Strong s #7812 BDB #1005 lâmd (ìà) [pronouncd l ] to, for, towards, in rgards to dirctional/rlational prposition with th 3 rd prson masculin plural suffix No Strong s # BDB #510 Th NET Bibl: In th Hbrw txt th vrbal squnc in v. 19 is "lst you look up.and s.and b sducd.and worship thm.and srv thm." Howvr, th first two actions ar not prohibitd in and of thmslvs. Th prohibition prtains to th final thr actions. Th first two vrbs dscrib actions that ar logically subordinat to th following actions and can b tratd as tmporal or circumstantial: "lst, looking 118 up.and sing., you ar sducd." S Joüon 2: h. nd Translation:... and you ar sducd [by thm], and you bow down to thm... Drawn away is th 2 masculin singular, Niphal prfct of nâdach (ðèãçç) [pronouncd naw-dahkh], which mans banish, cast away, cast down, compl, draw away. Th Niphal is th passiv stm and it mans spcifically to compl, to b drawn away. Th Niphal prfct is also found in Dut. 19:5 30:17 Job 6:13 Jr. 40:12 43:5 49:5 (*listing of all Niphal prfcts) This sam word is found in th Hiphil in Dut. 13:5, 10, whr it spaks of a fals propht drawing away, or sducing or complling th popl to worship th cratur rathr than th Crator. Strong's #5080 BDB #623. This is all followd by th Hithpal (rflxiv intnsiv) prfct of worship. Srv is th simpl Qal prfct. Th havns and all that is in thm has bn dividd up or apportiond to or allottd to all of th popls undr th havns. What is mant hr is that vry prson undr th havns has th stars and th sun and moon; what is implid hr is that som of thm worship ths things. What th Jws hav is vry spcial thy hav th On Who cratd all of ths things th Lord God givn primarily to thm. Thy ar not to worship things givn just to anyon. Just as a man can b sducd by a woman (or vic vrsa), so ar idols abl to sduc popl into idolatry, vn though thy maks ths idols with thir own hands or purchas thm. Th Cambridg Bibl: Th truth that is bnath th whol Law: God is rvald not in imags, but by 119 words and dds of rdmption. It dos not mattr how small or how grand th objct is w ar to worship th Crator, not th cration. Whn spaking of th dgnrat hathn, Paul wrot: Profssing to b wis, thy bcam fools, and xchangd th glory of th incorruptibl God for an imag in th form of corruptibl man and of birds and four-footd animals and From accssd April 7, 2015 (footnot). From accssd May 10, 2015.

176 Dutronomy Chaptr crawling craturs. Thrfor God gav thm ovr in th lusts of thir harts to impurity, that thir bodis might b dishonord among thm. For thy xchangd th truth of God for a li, and worshipd and srvd th cratur rathr than th Crator, Who is blssd forvr. Amn (Rom. 1:22 25). Th stars and th havns ar all crations of Jsus Christ, no mor or no lss so than th animals on this arth. For that rason, thy ar not to b worshipd ithr. During th Ag of Isral, thr was not a lot of rligious tolranc taught. "If thr is found in your midst in any of your towns, which Y howah your God is giving you, a man or a woman who dos what is vil in th sight of Y howah your God by transgrssing His covnant, and has gon and srvd othr gods and worshipd thm, or, th sun or th moon or any of th havnly host, which I hav not commandd, and if it is told you and you hav hard of it, thn you will inquir thoroughly. And listn carfully [lit., bhold], if it is tru and th thing [is] crtain that this dtstabl thing has bn don in Isral, thn you will bring out that man or that woman who has don this vil dd, to your gats and, that man or that woman, you will ston thm to dath." (Dut. 17:1 5). Thr ar rasons for th xistnc of th stars, th sun and th moon byond thir asctic valu. Thn God said, "Lt thr by light in th xpans of th havns to sparat th day from night, and lt thm b for signs, and sason, and for days and yars." (Gn. 1:14). It is by ths havnly bodis that w hav dvlopd our calndar; by which w calculat tim; and with which w dtrmin whn w should plant and rap. Th kinds of idolatry mntiond in this passag ar... Prachr s Complt Homiltical Commntary on 3 Forms of Idolatry 1. Man worship. "Th liknss of mal or fmal." Ancstors and national ladrs hav bn difid. Mn hav practisd, and do now practic hro-worship, and st up thir houshold gods (Pnats). All suprstitious rvrnc for any of our rac is hr forbiddn. Worship God and not man. 2. Animal worship. This was common in Egypt. Birds, lik th ibis and hawk; four-footd basts, lik th ox, dog, and cat; and crping things, lik th srpnt, crocodil, and btl (cf. Rom ), wr prvalnt forms of idolatry. 3. Natur worship. Th light of sun and moon was distributd to th nations for thir bnfit, ministrd to thir convninc, and wr thrfor not to b rvrncd. Th havnly bodis wr rgardd as symbols of ditis, and Isral was in dangr of bing sducd by thir worship. "In a word," says Dan Goulborn, "idolatry (or th surrounding th cratur with th attributs of th Crator) is th original fundamntal sin of man-th point of dpartur from which man startd on th downward cours, until h rachd th lowst dpths of wickdnss"- Who changd (xchangd) th truth of (i.., concrning) God into a li (an idol, or falshood) and worshippd (adord) and srvd (in rits and crmonis) th cratur (in various forms) mor than (oftn along with, and without) th Crator, who is blssd for vr. (Rom. 1:25) From accssd May 15, Chaptr Outlin Charts, Graphics and Short Doctrins Th Prachr s Complt Homiltical Commntary adds: I. Idolatry shows bas ingratitud to God. God had don wondrful things for Isral. Thy had rsolvd not to forgt Him, yt how ungratful and 120 pron to go astray! II. Idolatry violats God's commands. III. Idolatry rouss God's angr. This is by Kn Rd pastor of th Lak Eri Bibl Church. Kn Rd s Doctrin of Idolatry I. Idolatry is a satanic attmpt to substitut fals gods and concpts for God s Prson and plan. His purpos is to blind mankind with rspct to God s plan. H dos this by stting up a sris of countrfits. 120 From accssd May 15, 2015.

177 5501 Th Book of Dutronomy Kn Rd s Doctrin of Idolatry 2Cor.4:3,4 cp.11:14 II. Idolatry rsults in ngativ volition to th gospl. Rom.1:18-25 A. This producs fals concpts introducing soul idolatry. Rom.1:18-21 B. This lads to ovrt idolatry. Rom.1:22-23 III. Th dvlopmnt of idolatry in postdiluvian civilization: A. Whatvr form of idolatry that pr-xistd th Noahic flood was wipd out laving only blivrs in Noah and his family. B. Th first rcordd clar xampl of idolatry is found in Gn.11:1-9 C. Th tim: immdiatly aftr th flood. D. Th plac: historical Babylon. Gn.10:8-10; 11:9 E. Th human instigators: Cush, Nimrod and Samrimus and th Samarians (Shinar). Gn.10:8-12; Gn.11:1-9 F. Th imags of idolatry: th city and th towr. Gn.11:4 G. Th city = political idolatry; th towr = rligious idolatry. H. Th concpt: On world ordr and a on-world rligion. I. Th on world political ordr is furthr dpictd in Jr.51:7 and Rv.18 undr th cod nam Babylon. J. Th on world rligion is furthr dpictd in Rv.17 sp. vss.1,4,5 undr th cod nam Babylon. K. Th distinctiv charactristics of th cult: mothr son. Sh was known as th goddss of lov (Ashtarti, Isis, Diana, Vnus, Mary, th qun of havn). Nimrod (Baal, Brahma, Osirus, Jupitr, Bacchus). Salvation by works, many holidays, prayrs for th dad and purgatory, fals IV. pristhoods; this organization sponsord th phallic cult. Both th political and rligious systms of idolatry ar carrid ovr into th Church Ag. Rv cp.2th.2:7 A. Christian titls and trminology wr adoptd. B. Rsponsibl for th dath of millions. Rv.17:6; 18:24 C. Its concpt and philosophy undr rligiosity dominats th world. Rv.17:1- D. Th sparatd political and rligious systm s ntitis/hads will b dstroyd in th middl of th Grat Tribulation (Rv.17:8-17; 18:8-21) to b unitd undr th antichrist (Rv.17:13). V. Idolatry will continu to xist in th last half of th Tribulation. Rv.13 A. It cntrs on th unholy trinity of Satan, th bast and fals propht. B. It promots a systm of conomic corcion. C. Will includ mass murdr of many. D. It is inclusiv of miracls as dluding influncs. Rv.13:13,14; 2Th.2:9-12 VI. It includs ovrt idolatry. 2Th.2:4 VII. Th li is th dscriptiv titl for this systm. Rom.1:25; 2Th.:11 VIII. Th first and scond commandmnts prohibit mntal and ovrt idolatry. Ex.20:3,4; 23:24 cp. Dut.4:28; 5:7; 6:14; 7:16; 8:19 IX. Idolatry was a crim and thos involvd in occults wr to b punishd by dath. Ex.22:18 cp.18:9-14 X. Idolatry bgins in th mntal attitud in rjction of truth always prcding ovrt idolatry. Ex. Th Exodus gnration Ex.32:1ff cp. vs.8 XI. Dmons oprat through idols. Zch.13:2; Rv.18:2 cp. 1Cor.10:19-20 XII. Thrfor, idolatry is th dvil s communion tabl. 1Cor.10:21-22 XIII. Idolatry rsults in national disintgration and judgmnt. Jr.2:27-30; 3:6-11; 7:17-20; Ezk.6:2-7 XIV. Idolatry in th Nw Tstamnt: A. It is dgnration from tru worship. Rom.1:16-28 B. Th phallic cult is a form of rligion/idolatry. Eph.5:5 C. Montary rvrsionism is also a form of idolatry. Eph.5:5 D. Blivrs ar commandd to sparat from idolatry and thos that practic it. Gal.5:19-21 (idolatry that stms from lusts of th flsh); 1Joh.5:21 (Philosophical/intllctual/rligious idolatry); Rv.18:4 (Political idolatry) E. Th local church is to b sparat from th local rligious idolatrous nvironmnt.

178 Dutronomy Chaptr From accssd April 2, Chaptr Outlin Charts, Graphics and Short Doctrins Dutronomy 4:19c Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs w (or v ) (åà or åì) [pronouncd wh] and, vn, thn; namly; whn; sinc, that; though; as wll as simpl wâw conjunction No Strong s # BDB #251 âbad (òèáçã) [pronouncd b ìaw -VAHD] to work, to srv, to labor; to b a slav to nd 2 prson masculin singular, Qal prfct with rd th 3 prson masculin plural suffix Strong's #5647 BDB #712 ãshr (àâéùæø) [pronouncd uh-sher] that, which, whn, who, whom; whr rlativ pronoun Strong's #834 BDB #81 châlaq (çèìç ) [pronouncd chaw- LAHK] to divid, to apportion, to allot, to distribut, to shar rd 3 prson masculin singular, Qal prfct Strong s #2505 BDB #323 YHWH (éäåä) [pronunciation is possibly yhoh-wah] translitratd variously as Jhovah, Yahwh, Y howah propr noun Strong s #3068 BDB #217 Ìlôhîym (àìéääéí) [pronouncd l-o-heem] God; gods, forign gods, god; rulrs, judgs; suprhuman ons, angls; translitratd Elohim masculin plural noun nd with th 2 prson masculin singular suffix Strong's #430 BDB #43 êth (àæç) [pronouncd ayth] thm; untranslatd mark of a dirct objct; occasionally to thm, toward thm sign of th dirct objct rd affixd to a 3 prson masculin plural suffix Strong's #853 BDB #84 lâmd (ìà) [pronouncd l ] to, for, towards, in rgards to dirctional/rlational prposition No Strong s # BDB #510 kôl (ëìéì) [pronouncd kohl] th whol, all of, th ntirty of, all; can also b rndrd any of masculin singular construct followd by a dfinit articl Strong s #3605 BDB #481 ammîym (òçîìäéí) [pronouncd ìahm- MEEM] popls, nations; tribs [of Isral]; rlativs of anyon masculin plural collctiv noun with th dfinit articl Strong s #5971 BDB #766 tachath (úìçççú) [pronouncd TAHkhahth] undrnath, blow, undr, bnath; instad of, in liu of; in th plac [in which on stands]; in xchang for; on th basis of prposition Strong s #8478 BDB #1065 kôl (ëìéì) [pronouncd kohl] th whol, all of, th ntirty of, all; can also b rndrd any of masculin singular construct followd by a dfinit articl Strong s #3605 BDB #481

179 5503 Th Book of Dutronomy Dutronomy 4:19c Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs shâmayîm (ùèîçéäí) [pronouncd shaw-mahyim] havn, havns, skis; th visibl havns, as in as abod of th stars or as th visibl univrs, th sky, atmosphr, tc.; Havn (as th abod of God) masculin dual noun with th dfinit articl Strong s #8064 BDB #1029 Translation:...and you srv thm [ths things] which Y howah your Elohim has allottd to all popls undr th havns. In vv , Moss is forbidding all typs of idolatry Th Pulpit Commntary: Th worship of th havnly bodis, spcially star-worship, prvaild among th Canaanits and many of th Smitic tribs, but was not confind to thm; th Egyptians also rvrncd th sun as R, th moon as Isis, and th stars as th symbols of ditis. Th Isralits wr thus, both from past associations and from what thy might ncountr in Canaan, 121 xposd to th dangr of bing sducd into idolatry. Ptr Ptt: Nor whn thy liftd up thir ys to havn and saw th majstic lights in th havns wr thy to b drawn to worship thm. Thy must rmmbr that thos lights ar not holy but ar for th common us of all mn. Thy wr but th sun, moon and stars that H had cratd, th stars almost as an aftrthought (Gnsis 1:16). Thy wr not to srv thm or to worship thm. Thy wr rathr to s that thy hav bn cratd by Yahwh and allottd by Him for vry man's bnfit throughout th whol world. Rligiously spaking thr was nothing spcial about th havnly bodis. But in contrast Yahwh's popl ar a holy popl to Yahwh thir God Who has chosn thm to b a spcial popl to himslf, abov all popl who ar on th fac of th arth (Dutronomy 7:6). Thy must thrfor only sk to Yahwh. Th sun god and th moon god (Job 31:26-27) wr worshippd in diffrnt parts of th ancint world from tim immmorial, and th stars providd a multiplicity of gods. But His popl wr to worship only th tru God. Th havnly bodis wr worshippd by mn as far back as writtn rcords go and vn bfor, for thy ar found picturd in ston. In th arly Biblical priod intrst in th havns outsid Isral was rligious and astrological, not astronomical. Thus this simpl and accurat dscription cannot b usd as a dating tchniqu, 122 simply through a coincidnc of xprssion. Th thought bhind it gos back into th mists of tim. Clark: Th worship of th havnly bodis was th oldst spcis of idolatry. Thos who had not th knowldg of th tru God wr ld to considr th sun, moon, plants, and stars, as not only slfxisting, but th authors of all th blssings possssd by mankind. Th knowldg of a rational systm of astronomy srvd to dstroy this suprstition; and vry littl of it rmains now in th world, xcpt among a fw Christian and Mohammdan astrologrs; thos misrabl sinnrs who ndavor, as much as possibl, to rviv th old idolatry, whil vainly profssing to bliv in th tru God! Nor is it to b doubtd that God will procd with thm as h has don of old with th worshipprs of th host of havn. Sound philosophy is nxt in importanc to sound divinity; and nxt to th study of th work of grac is that of th oprations of God in natur; for ths visibl things mak known his 123 trnal powr and Godhad. Trasury of Scriptural Knowldg: In ths vrss thr is an vidnt allusion to th idolatrous worship in Egypt. Among th Egyptians, almost vrything in natur was th objct of thir idolatry; among Th Pulpit Commntary; ; by Josph S. Exll, Hnry Donald Mauric Spnc-Jons, from -sword, Dut. 4:19. From accssd May 12, Adam Clark, Commntary on th Bibl; from -Sword, Dut. 4:19.

180 Dutronomy Chaptr basts wr oxn, hifrs, shp, goats, lions, dogs, monkys, and cats; among birds, th ibis, cran, and hawk; among rptils, th crocodil, srpnts, frogs, flis, and btls; all th fish of th Nil, and 124 th Nil itslf; bsids th sun, moon, plants, stars, fir, light, air, darknss, and night. Thomas Cok: It is justly obsrvd by Dr. Chandlr, in his Vindication, p. 480 that this is th vry pictur of Egypt, which had gods of all sorts; dad prsons difid, mal and fmal, and numrous imags of thm; and which worshippd as ditis, bulls, cows, shp, goats, dogs, cats, birds, th ibis and hawk, srpnts, crocodils, rivr-horss, togthr with th sun, moon, and stars of havn; and, thrfor, Moss adds, vr. 20 but th Lord hath takn, and brought you forth out of th iron furnac, vn out of Egypt, to b unto him a popl of inhritanc, as y ar this day: plainly intimating thir rdmption from ths Egyptian idolatris to b th stablishmnt of a pculiar kingdom to himslf. And, in truth, that worship of almost all sorts of brut basts, birds, fishs, rptils, was so horribly absurd and stupid, that it could nvr ntr into th hart of a lgislator to forbid it, unlss h had bn himslf a witnss to ths man and monstrous absurditis...jhovah, th tru God, whom you ador, has dispnsd to all nations undr havn th bnfit of th sun, moon, and stars, which h has cratd; you ought thrfor to worship him alon, who is th Lord of thm all, and has mad thm ministrs to th sons of mn. Nothing can b mor rasonabl than this infrnc, that w ar not mad for th sun, but th sun for us; it is not th luminary itslf that w ought to worship, but God, who cratd it for our us. But th nations, struck with th visibl splndour of th havnly bodis, and with th snsibl bnfit which thy drivd from thm, stoppd short in th blind admiration of thir bautiful apparanc, instad of turning thir attntiv minds to th adoration of that invisibl 125 Intllignc by whom thy wr cratd. Th sun, th moon and all th stars ar placd thr by God (Gn. 1:16 18 Nh. 9:6 Psalm 74:16 136:7 9) and thy ar subjct to th sovrignty of God (Joshua 10:12 13 Psalm 148:3 5). W might b amazd at thir awsomnss (our minds ar truly unabl to conciv of just how massiv th univrs is; or how larg ths havnly bodis can b); but w ar not to worship thm any mor than w might worship a blad of grass. It is th Crator Who is worshipd; not His cration. Jams Cofman: Dutronomy 4:19 forbad th worship of sun, moon, stars, or any of th host of havn. God mad it clar in this passag that h had appointd th host of havn to "srv mankind," hnc, th foolishnss of mn who would "srv thm" (Dutronomy 4:19). Right hr is on of th vast diffrncs in th tru rligion and th rligious suprstitions that hav troubld mn throughout history. Th astrology businss, right now, in th U.S.A. is a two billion dollar businss annually, and what is "astrology?" It is th scinc of trying to dtrmin th influnc of th stars ovr human bhavior. Christian, gt it straight: "Th stars do not control you, thy SERVE you." Som of th mor discrning pagans undrstood this prfctly: "It is writtn in th stars whn I myslf shall writ it thr with lofty hand!" Concitd as such a rmark assurdly is, it at last avoids th 126 abasmnt of worshipping stars. Bcaus our tchnology has changd, our idols hav changd. W no longr mak th modl of som cratur and worship it, but thr ar musicians, movi stars, football playrs, and vn politicians that w idoliz. W viw such popl as vry diffrnt from ourslvs, to th point of vn rvring such mn and womn. Howvr, vry such prson has a sin natur, with aras of waknss and aras of strngth. What has bn covrd in th prvious four vrss is to prclud all forms of idolatry popular during that priod of tim. Thr ar som dnominations which ar known for attmpting to mak Christian doctrin palatabl to th hathn by incorporating som of th hathn practics into thir doctrin. God nvr dircts us to watr down His truth. It would hav bn asy to assum a fw of th idolatrous practics of that day, laving out thos 124 Trasury of Scriptural Knowldg; by Cann, Brown, Blayny, Scott, and othrs about 1880, with introduction by R. A. Torry; courtsy of E-sword, Dut. 4: From accssd May 11, From accssd May 11, 2015.

181 5505 Th Book of Dutronomy things w would dm inappropriat (such as child sacrific), and thrby mak God's Word mor palatabl to th Jws and to th surrounding hathn. Vv , howvr, forbids th practic of any sort of idolatry, citing vry kind of idolatry xtnt at that tim and spcifically prohibiting th sam. Barns: Ths vrss contain a complt and comprhnsiv survy of th various forms of idolatrous and corrupt worship practisd by th surrounding Orintal nations, and as particularly and 127 succssivly forbidding thm vry on. God is not a rligious libral. All roads do not lad to 128 Rom and all rligions ar not valid pathways to God. Paul summarizs much of this for his ra in Rom. 1:19 32 For what can b known about God is plain to thm, bcaus God has shown it to thm. For his invisibl attributs, namly, his trnal powr and divin natur, hav bn clarly prcivd, vr sinc th cration of th world, in th things that hav bn mad. So thy ar without xcus. For although thy knw God, thy did not honor him as God or giv thanks to him, but thy bcam futil in thir thinking, and thir foolish harts wr darknd. Claiming to b wis, thy bcam fools, and xchangd th glory of th immortal God for imags rsmbling mortal man and birds and animals and crping things. Thrfor God gav thm up in th lusts of thir harts to impurity, to th dishonoring of thir bodis among thmslvs, bcaus thy xchangd th truth about God for a li and worshipd and srvd th cratur rathr than th Crator, who is blssd forvr! Amn. For this rason God gav thm up to dishonorabl passions. For thir womn xchangd natural rlations for thos that ar contrary to natur; and th mn likwis gav up natural rlations with womn and wr consumd with passion for on anothr, mn committing shamlss acts with mn and rciving in thmslvs th du pnalty for thir rror. And sinc thy did not s fit to acknowldg God, God gav thm up to a dbasd mind to do what ought not to b don. Thy wr filld with all mannr of unrightousnss, vil, covtousnss, malic. Thy ar full of nvy, murdr, strif, dcit, maliciousnss. Thy ar gossips, slandrrs, hatrs of God, insolnt, haughty, boastful, invntors of vil, disobdint to parnts, foolish, faithlss, hartlss, ruthlss. Though thy know God's dcr that thos who practic such things dsrv to di, thy not only do thm but giv approval to thos who practic thm. Not just th idolatry, but what idolatry lads to. And you has takn Y howah and so H has Y howah has takn you and H has brought brought you out from a furnac of th iron, Dutronomy you out of th furnac of iron out of from Egypt, to b to Him for a popl of possssion as th day th this. 4:20 Egypt to b to Him a popl of [His] possssion [or, inhritanc], as [it is] this day. Jhovah has takn you out of th furnac of iron; H has brought you out of Egypt, so that you will b a popl of His possssion, as you ar today. Hr is how othrs hav translatd this vrs: Ancint txts: Masortic Txt (Hbrw) Targum of Onklos Latin Vulgat And you has takn Y howah and so H has brought you out from a furnac of th iron, from Egypt, to b to Him for a popl of possssion as th day th this. For you hath th Word of th Lord takn for His portion, and has brought you out from th iron furnac of Mizraim to b unto Him a popl of inhritanc as at this day. [JERUSALEM. To b a popl blovd as a trasur in this day.] But th Lord has takn you and brought you out of th iron furnacs of Egypt, to mak you his popl of inhritanc, as it is this prsnt day. 127 Barns' Nots, Vol. II, p And to had off th criminally insan; no, this dos not man that w should prscut thos who do not hold to tru Crhistian doctrin, but mbrac somthing substantially lss, nor should w outlaw thir rligion. What was standard oprating procdur undr th conomy of Isral has changd somwhat in th Church Ag.

182 Dutronomy Chaptr Pshitta (Syriac) Sptuagint (Grk) Significant diffrncs: But th LORD has takn you, and brought you forth out of th iron furnac, vn out of Egypt, to b to him a popl and an inhritanc, as you ar this day. But God took you, and ld you forth out of th land of Egypt, out of th iron furnac, out of Egypt, to b to Him a popl of inhritanc, as it is this day. In th Hbrw, possssion and inhritanc ar th sam word. Limitd Vocabulary Translations: Bibl in Basic English Easy English Easy-to-Rad Vrsion Good Nws Bibl (TEV) Th Mssag Nams of God Bibl NIRV But th Lord has takn you out of th flaming fir, out of Egypt, to b to him th popl of his hritag, as you ar today. But you ar diffrnt. Th LORD took you out of Egypt, which was lik a plac of fir. H took you out, to b his own popl. Now you blong to him bcaus h has chosn you. But th Lord brought you out of Egypt and mad you his own spcial popl. It was as if th Lord rachd into a hot furnac for mlting iron and pulld you out of that fir. And now you ar his popl! But you ar th popl h rscud from Egypt, that blazing furnac. H brought you out to mak you his own popl, as you ar today. But you-god took you right out of th iron furnac, out of Egypt, to bcom th popl of his inhritanc-and that's what you ar this vry day. But you ar th popl Yahwh brought out of Egypt, th iron smltr, in ordr to mak you his own popl as you still ar today. Egypt was lik a furnac that mlts iron down and maks it pur. But th Lord took you and brought you out of Egypt. H wantd you to b his vry own popl. And that's xactly what you ar. Thought-for-thought translations; paraphrass: Common English Bibl Contmporary English V. Th Living Bibl Nw Cntury Vrsion Nw Lif Vrsion Nw Living Translation But th Lord took you and brought you out of that iron furnac, out of Egypt, so that you might b his own trasurd popl, which is what you ar right now. But you ar th LORD's popl, bcaus h ld you through firy trials and rscud you from Egypt. Th Lord has rscud you from prison-egypt-to b his spcial popl, his own inhritanc; this is what you ar today. But th Lord brought you out of Egypt, which tstd you lik a furnac for mlting iron, and h mad you his vry own popl, as you ar now. But th Lord has takn you and brought you out of th iron stov, out of Egypt, to b His own popl, as you ar this day. Rmmbr that th Lord rscud you from th iron-smlting furnac of Egypt in ordr to mak you his vry own popl and his spcial possssion, which is what you ar today. Partially litral and partially paraphrasd translations: Amrican English Bibl Intrnational Standard V Nw Advnt (Knox) Bibl Translation for Translators For God took you and ld you out of th land of Egypt - out of its iron furnac - to b His popl and His inhritanc today. For th LORD took you and brought you out of th iron-smlting furnac-out of Egypt-to b th popl of his inhritanc, as you ar today. Why ls did th Lord choos you out, dlivr you from Egypt's furnac of iron, but to mak you a popl all his own, as you ar this day? Yahwh has brought your ancstors out of Egypt, whr thy wr suffring as though thy wr in a blazing furnac, in ordr that thy would b popl who blong to him, which is what you ar today.

183 5507 Th Book of Dutronomy Mostly litral rndrings (with som occasional paraphrasing): Ancint Roots Translinar Frrar-Fnton Bibl Jubil Bibl 2000 NIV UK But this day Yahwh taks you and procds you to th iron furnac from Egypt as his popl with an inhritanc. -For th Evr-living slctd you, and brought you from th iron works of th Mitzraim, to b a Popl for Himslf, - as you ar to-day. But th LORD has takn you and brought you forth out of th iron furnac, vn out of Egypt, to b unto him th popl of his inhritanc, as y ar this day. But as for you, th Lord took you and brought you out of th iron-smlting furnac, out of Egypt, to b th popl of his inhritanc, as you now ar. Catholic Bibls (thos having th imprimatur): Christian Community (1988) Nw Amrican Bibl (2011) Nw RSV Yahwh, your God, has lft thos for th rst of th popls, but h has chosn you and has brought you from th firy crucibl, that is Egypt, to b his own popl as you ar now. Dangr of Idolatry. Bcaus you saw no form at all on th day th LORD spok to you at Horb from th midst of th fir, b strictly on your guard not to act corruptly by fashioning an idol for yourslvs to rprsnt any figur, whthr it b th form of a man or of a woman [Dt 5:8; Ex 20:4.], th form of any animal on th arth, th form of any bird that flis in th sky, th form of anything that crawls on th ground, or th form of any fish in th watrs undr th arth. And whn you look up to th havns and bhold th sun or th moon or th stars, th whol havnly host, do not b ld astray into bowing down to thm and srving thm [Dt 17:3; Jb 31:26-28.]. Ths th LORD, your God, has apportiond to all th othr nations undr th havns; but you th LORD has takn and ld out of that iron foundry, Egypt, that you might b his popl, his hritag, as you ar today [1 Kgs 8:51; Is 48:10; Jr 11:4.]. Vv ar includd for contxt. But th Lord has takn you and brought you out of th iron-smltr, out of Egypt, to bcom a popl of his vry own possssion, as you ar now. Jwish/Hbrw Nams Bibls: Complt Jwish Bibl xgss companion Bibl Kaplan Translation Orthodox Jwish Bibl Rstord Nams Vrsion But you, God Himslf took, and H brought you out of th iron crucibl that was Egypt, so that you would b His hritag nation, as you ar today. But Yah Vh took you and brought you from th iron furnac - vn from Misrayim, to bcoms his popl of inhritanc, as this day. But you, God Himslf took, and H brought you out of th iron crucibl that was Egypt, so that you would b His hritag nation, as you ar today. But Hashm hath takn you, and brought you forth out of th iron furnac, vn out of Mitzrayim, to b unto Him an Am Nachalah (a popl of inhritanc), as y ar yom hazh. And Yahuwah has takn you and brought you out of th iron furnac, out of Mitsrayim, to b His popl, an inhritanc, as you ar this day. Expandd/Embllishd Bibls: Th Expandd Bibl But th Lord brought you out of Egypt, which tstd you lik a furnac for mlting L iron [ th iron-smltr; 1 Kin. 8:51; Jr. 11:4], and h mad you his vry own L L popl [ inhritanc], as you ar now [ this day].

184 Dutronomy Chaptr Krtzmann s Commntary NET Bibl Th Voic But th Lord hath takn you and brought you forth out of thir on furnac, a significant pictur of th most svr misry and opprssion, vn out of Egypt, to b unto Him a popl of inhritanc, as y ar this day, Ex. 19:5. You, howvr, th Lord has slctd and brought from Egypt, that iron-smlting furnac, to b his spcial popl as you ar today. But th Etrnal has don somthing uniqu for you: H chos you and dlivrd you from slavry in Egypt whr you wr purifid as if in an iron furnac, and H mad you His vry own popl, which you ar today. Litral, almost word-for-word, rndrings: Concordant Litral Vrsion Contxt Group Vrsion Grn s Litral Translation God s Truth (Tyndal) NASB Young s Updatd LT Th gist of this vrs: As for you, Yahwh took you, and H brought you forth from th iron crucibl, from Egypt, to bcom His as a popl of allotmnt, as on this day. But YHWH has takn you {pl}, and brought you {pl} out of th iron furnac, out of Egypt, to b to him a popl of inhritanc, as at this day. And Jhovah has takn you, and has brought you forth out of th iron furnac, out of Egypt, to b a popl to Him, an inhritanc, as it is this day. For th Lord took you and brought you out of th iron furnac of Egypt, to b unto him a popl of inhritanc, as it is com to pass this day. But th Lord has takn you and brought you out of th iron furnac, from Egypt, to b a popl for His own possssion, as today. And you has Jhovah takn, and H is bringing you out from th iron furnac, from Egypt, to b to Him for a popl an inhritanc, as at this day. God took this popl out of Egypt, out of slavry which was lik a firy furnac, and thy ar His possssion His inhritanc today. Dutronomy 4:20a Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs w (or v ) (åà or åì) [pronouncd wh] and, vn, thn; namly; whn; sinc, that; though; as wll as simpl wâw conjunction No Strong s # BDB #251 êth (àæç) [pronouncd ayth] you; untranslatd mark of a dirct objct; occasionally to you, toward you sign of th dirct objct nd affixd to a 2 prson masculin plural suffix Strong's #853 BDB #84 lâqach (ìè Çç) [pronouncd law- KAHKH] to tak, to tak away, to tak in marriag; to siz rd 3 prson masculin singular, Qal prfct Strong s #3947 BDB #542 YHWH (éäåä) [pronunciation is possibly yhoh-wah] translitratd variously as Jhovah, Yahwh, Y howah propr noun Strong s #3068 BDB #217 wa (or va) (åç) [pronouncd wah] and so, and thn, thn, and; so, that, yt, thrfor, consquntly; bcaus wâw conscutiv No Strong s # BDB #253

185 5509 Th Book of Dutronomy Dutronomy 4:20a Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs yâtsâ (éèöèà) [pronouncd yaw-tzawh] to caus to go out, to lad out, to bring out, to carry out, to draw out, to tak out; [of mony:] to put forth, to lay out, to xact; to promulgat; to produc rd 3 prson masculin singular, Hiphil imprfct Strong's #3318 BDB #422 êth (àæç) [pronouncd ayth] you; untranslatd mark of a dirct objct; occasionally to you, toward you sign of th dirct objct nd affixd to a 2 prson masculin plural suffix Strong's #853 BDB #84 min (îäï) [pronouncd mihn] from, away from, out from, out of from, off, on account of, sinc, abov, than, so that not, byond, mor than prposition of sparation Strong's #4480 BDB #577 kûwr (ëìåìø) [pronouncd kuhr] furnac, forg, smlting furnac, pot masculin singular construct Strong s #3564 BDB #468 Th NET Bibl: A ëìåìø (kur) was not a sourc of hat but a crucibl ( iron-smlting furnac ) in which prcious mtals wr mltd down and thir impuritis burnd away (s I. Cornlius, NIDOTTE 2:618-19); cf. NAB that iron foundry, Egypt. Th trm is a mtaphor for intns hat. Hr it rfrs to th opprssion and suffring Isral ndurd in Egypt. Sinc a crucibl was usd to burn away impuritis, it is possibl that th mtaphor 129 viws Egypt as a plac of rfinmnt to bring Isral to a plac of submission to divin sovrignty. bar zl (áìçøàææì) [pronouncd bar -ZEL] iron [or, implmnts, utnsils, furnitur]; mtaphorically to dnot hardnss, firmnss; obstinanc masculin singular noun with th dfinit articl Strong s #1270 BDB #137 min (îäï) [pronouncd mihn] from, away from, out from, out of from, off, on account of, sinc, abov, than, so that not, byond, mor than prposition of sparation Strong's #4480 BDB #577 Mits rayim (îäöàøçéäí) [pronouncd mits-rahyim] doubl straights; translitratd Mizraim; also Egypt, Egyptians propr noun Strong s #4714 BDB #595 Translation: Y howah has takn you and H has brought you out of th furnac of iron out of Egypt... God has takn th Jws out of Egypt. At first, I assumd that th furnac of iron rfrrd to th slavry that thy ndurd. In fact, this is how most commntators undrstand this. 130 Th iron furnac is a rfrnc to th hat of th dsrt through which thy travld and to Egypt (1Kings 8:51 Jr. 11:4). Th iron furnac was usd to sparat th prcious mtal from th dross, or th mtal from its impuritis. On of th mor common mthods mployd to xtract silvr from or is cupllation. Silvr ors and lad or lad ors ar mltd togthr in a furnac, rsulting in a lad-silvr alloy. Th lad combins with th oxygn in th air to form a moltn lad-oxid, which draws out th othr mtal impuritis which ar also oxidizd. 129 From accssd April 7, 2015 (footnot). 130 For instanc Kil and Dlitzsch, Commntary on th Old Tstamnt; from -Sword; Dut. 4:20. Or Robrt Jamison, A. R. Fausst and David Brown; Commntary Critical and Explanatory on th Whol Bibl; 1871; from -sword, Dut. 4:20.

186 Dutronomy Chaptr This lad-oxid is skimmd away or pourd off, laving silvr, platinum and or gold bhind. Th lad-oxid and th various impuritis with it which ar rmovd ar calld dross. And th word of Y howah cam to m, saying, "Son of man, th hous of Isral has bcom dross [mtal impuritis] to M; all of thm ar bronz and tin and iron and lad in th furnac; thy ar th dross of silvr. Thrfor," thus says Y howah God, "Bcaus all of you hav bcom dross, thrfor, bhold, I am going to gathr you into th midst of Jrusalm, as thy gathr silvr and bronz and iron and lad and tin into th furnac to blow fir on it in ordr to mlt it, so will I gathr you in My angr and in My wrath, and I will lay you and mlt you. And I will gathr you and blow on your with th fir of My wrath, and you will b mltd in th midst of it. As silvr is mltd in th furnac, so you will b mltd in th midst of it; and you will know that I, Y howah, hav pourd out My wrath on you." (Ezk. 22:17 22). Th two principl gnrations of th xodus, gn X and th Gnration of Promis, had to b smltd in th iron furnac in ordr to rmov th dross gnration X and lav bhind th silvr and prcious mtal th Gnration of Promis. Th iron furnac spaks of tsting, disciplin, and purification, rsulting in strngthning. From Dr. Thomas Constabl s commntary: "Th us of mtal by hating crtain ors and thn hammring th mtallic rsidu or wlding it to othr parts whil still hot may hav appard in th Nar East in th first half of th third millnnium B.C., but th manufactur of iron objcts (usually wapons) was vry limitd till 1500 B.C. and latr. Though th 'furnacs' of th OT world could not b hatd sufficintly to mak moltn iron, artisans had larnd to us bllows to mak th hottst fir thn known; and thy knw that th hottst fir thy could produc was ncssary for thir iron productions. 'Out of th iron-smlting furnac, out of Egypt' dos not man to imply that iron-smlting furnacs wr in Egypt at that tim. Rathr, bringing Isral out of Egypt was lik bringing hr out of an iron-smlting furnac-th havy bondag of Egypt with its accompanying difficultis and tnsions 131 bing liknd to th hottst fir thn known." [Not: Kalland, pp ]. Th Jws would b familiar with this procss. Clark: From this mntion of th word iron furnac thr can b littl doubt that th Isralits wr mployd in Egypt in th most laborious works of mtallurgy. Digging, smlting, and forging of iron in so hot a climat must hav bn opprssiv work 132 indd. Ptr Ptt: [Th furnac was] a pot or crucibl for mlting mtals. It was oftn usd as a pictur of trial and tsting and rfining (compar Provrbs 17:3; Isaiah 48:10; Ezkil 22:18, 20, 22). `Iron' strsss its intnsity. It may hav rfrrd to what it was mad of, or th fact that it was usd for shaping iron. Whil iron coming from mtorits had bn known almost from th bginning (Gnsis 4:22), th discovry of how it could b obtaind from iron or and utilisd, mad by th Hittits in th 2nd millnnium BC, bgan a rvolution in warfar and tool making. Thy xportd iron among othr placs to Egypt. It may also b that iron rflcts th military strngth of Egypt, and th furnac th trribl 133 hat undr which day by day thy had bn subjctd to intolrabl burdns (compar Exodus 9:8). At th judgmnt of our works, God xposs our works to a similar procss. Evry Christian has spnd much of his liftim ngagd in activity, som of which is divin good and som of which is worthlss. God has to sparat ths things. For no man can lay a foundation othr than th on which is laid, which is Jsus Christ. Now if any man build upon th foundation with gold, silvr, prcious stons, wood, hay straw, ach man's work will bcom vidnt; for th day will show it, bcaus it is rvald with fir, and th fir itslf will tst th quality of ach man's work. If any man's work which h has built upon it rmains, h will rciv a rward. If any man's work is burnd up, h will suffr loss; but h himslf will b savd, yt, so as through fir (1Cor. 3:11 15). What is dscribd hr is a much simplr procss than cupllation dscribd abov. Fir is st to our works and what burns is wood, hay and stubbl, and what rmains is silvr, gold and prcious stons. That is th symbolic xplanation. Th diffrntiation of our works is just as simpl; that which w hav don whil filld with th Holy Spirit will b prsrvd and that which w hav don whn controlld by our old sin natur will b burnd. It is not a mattr of th particular acts; two popl can giv $20 to a church on has this act burnd and th othr has this act From accssd May 15, Adam Clark, Commntary on th Bibl; from -Sword, Dut. 4:20. From accssd May 12, 2015.

187 5511 Th Book of Dutronomy prsrvd to b rwardd in trnity. Th ky is whthr it was don in th Spirit or in th flsh. "For Y howah your God is a consuming fir." (Dut. 4:20a). Dutronomy 4:20b Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs lâmd (ìà) [pronouncd l ] to, for, towards, in rgards to dirctional/rlational prposition No Strong s # BDB #510 hâyâh (äèéèä) [pronouncd haw-yaw] to b, is, was, ar; to bcom, to com into bing; to com to pass Qal infinitiv construct Strong's #1961 BDB #224 lâmd (ìà) [pronouncd l ] to, for, towards, in rgards to dirctional/rlational prposition with th 3 rd prson masculin singular suffix No Strong s # BDB #510 lâmd (ìà) [pronouncd l ] to, for, towards, in rgards to dirctional/rlational prposition No Strong s # BDB #510 am (òçí) [pronouncd ìahm] popl; rac, trib; family, rlativs; citizns, common popl; companions, srvants; ntir human rac; hrd [of animals] masculin singular construct Strong s #5971 BDB #766 nachãlâh (ðççâìèä) [pronouncd nah-khuh- LAW] inhritanc, possssion, proprty, hritag fminin singular noun Strong s #5159 BDB #635 kaph or k (ëìà) [pronouncd k ] lik, as, just as; according to, aftr; about, approximatly prposition of comparison, rsmblanc or approximation No Strong s # BDB # Th kaph prposition can b usd of tim, and translatd about, at; as, whn, at th tim of. yôwm (éåéí) [pronouncd yohm] day; tim; today (with a dfinit articl) masculin singular noun with th dfinit articl Strong s #3117 BDB #398 Litrally, th kaph prposition and day man as th day. According to Gsnius, togthr, thy man in this day, at this tim, now. zh (ææä) [pronouncd zh] hr, this, this on; thus; possibly anothr masculin singular dmonstrativ adjctiv Strong s #2088, 2090 (& 2063) BDB #260 Th kaph prposition with what follows mans, litrally, as this day. Othrs hav translatd this as it is this day, as on this day, as at this day. Translation:... to b to Him a popl of [His] possssion [or, inhritanc], as [it is] this day. God took th popl out of Egypt to mak thm a popl which ar His, who blong to Him. God put thm in th furnac of fir and 134 As pr Th Brown-Drivr-Briggs Hbrw and English Lxicon; Hndrickson Publishrs; h1996; p. 454.

188 Dutronomy Chaptr H rtrivd from thr th prcious mtal which H purifid in th dsrt; which popl ar His inhritanc, His possssion (Ex. 19:5 6 Dut. 7:6 Titus 2:14). Th Gnva Bibl: [God] has dlivrd you out of most misrabl slavry and frly chosn you for 135 his. Th NET Bibl: Hb "to b his popl of inhritanc." Th Lord compars his popl to valud 136 proprty inhritd from on's ancstors and passd on to on's dscndants. Jamison, Fausst and Brown ti ths two thoughts togthr (th Jws bing God s possssion and His prohibition of idolatry): His pculiar possssion from ag to ag; and thrfor for you to abandon His worship for that of idols, spcially th gross and dbasing systm of idolatry that prvails among 137 th Egyptians, would b th gratst folly--th blackst ingratitud. Significant is th kind of miracls don by th hand of Moss as ovr against thos don by our Lord at th 1 st advnt. Although Jsus spok to larg crowds, most oftn, His miracls wr prformd oftn among a small group of popl and his miracls wr appropriat to that smallr group stting (th clansing of a lpr; th haling of a daughtr far away at hom, tc.). Howvr, Moss was always daling with about 2 million rcalcitrant Isralits, so th miracls which God did by his hand had to b biggr; thy had to b somthing sn b narly all of th Isralits. Whn Moss hit th rock with his stick, ssntially a rivr flowd out from that rock. No mattr what th popl could s, thy knw thr was no watr anywhr, and Moss thumps a rock, and from that rock bursts a grat rivr of watr. Thy could all s that watr; thy could all s that rivr (it was not som littl watr fountain). In both ministris, fding many popl was ncssary. Jsus fd th 5000 and latr th 4000, and H did a miracl apprciatd by th discipls (thos who at possibly had no ida what was going on). This miracl ndd to b rcordd, but thos of th 5000 or 4000 wr not ncssarily going to rcord it. Howvr, our Lord s discipls, who all saw what thy bgan with, thy saw th Lord blss th food, and thn thy distributd th food so th miracls was vry apparnt to th 12. Furthrmor, th maning of this miracl stands, th Jsus Christ is th All-Sufficint God and that H is abl to provid for all of our nds. Whn God fd th 2 million in th dsrt, thy wr all awar that this was miraculous. This was part of God s grat miracls that could b obsrvd by all or narly all of th Isralits whom H brought forth out of Egypt. Dspit ths grat miracls, Gn X was unimprssd, and most of thm did th sin unto dath in th dsrt. In th tim of Christ, som blivd, but many did not. And a hug crowd had gathrd calling for His dath whn th Roman soldirs sizd Him. Positiv volition toward God dos not rquir a sign; w do not nd to s a miracl to b convincd. Th powr of th Word of God, for many, is mor than nough. You will go through your lif, and it is vry likly that you nvr s anything that is absolutly xtraordinary, making you ask, God, did you do that? God is prsonally and intimatly involvd in our livs, and thr ar many things that God dos on our bhalf; but it is highly unlikly that God will fd you with manna from havn. 135 From accssd April 7, From accssd April 7, 2015 (footnot). 137 Robrt Jamison, A. R. Fausst and David Brown; Commntary Critical and Explanatory on th Whol Bibl; 1871; from -sword, Dut. 4:20.

189 5513 Th Book of Dutronomy And Y howah was angry with m upon your words and so H swor to not my crossing th Jordan and to not ntr unto th land th good which Y howah your Elohim is giving to you an inhritanc; for I am dying in th land th this. Thr [is] not [to] m a going ovr th Jordan and you [all] ar going ovr and you [all] hav takn possssion of th land th good th this. Dutronomy 4:21 22 Y howah was angry with m bcaus of your words and H swor I would not cross ovr th Jordan and would not ntr into th good land which Y howah your Elohim is giving to you [as] an inhritanc; for I will di in this land [hr]. I will not go ovr th Jordan [Rivr], but you will [all] go ovr and you will tak possssion of this good land. Jhovah was angry with m bcaus of your words and actions, and H swor to m that H would not lt m cross ovr th Jordan Rivr to ntr into th good land (which land Jhovah your God is giving to you as an inhritanc). I will di in this land and not cross ovr th Jordan Rivr; but you will all cross ovr and you will tall tak possssion of this good land which is bfor you. Hr is how othrs hav translatd this vrs: Ancint txts: Masortic Txt (Hbrw) Targum of Onklos Latin Vulgat Pshitta (Syriac) Sptuagint (Grk) Significant diffrncs: And Y howah was angry with m upon your words and so H swor to not my crossing th Jordan and to not ntr unto th land th good which Y howah your Elohim is giving to you an inhritanc; for I am dying in th land th this. Thr [is] not [to] m a going ovr th Jordan and you [all] ar going ovr and you [all] hav takn possssion of th land th good th this. But against m was displasur bfor th Lord on account of your words, bcaus you had murmurd for th watr; and H swar that I should not pass th Jordan, nor go into th land which th Lord your God givth you to inhrit. But I must di in this land; I am not to pass ovr Jordan; but you will pass ovr and possss th inhritanc of that good land. And th Lord was angry with m for your words, and h swor that I should not pass ovr th Jordan, nor ntr into th xcllnt land, which h will giv you. Bhold I di in this land, I shall not pass ovr th Jordan: you shall pass, and possss th goodly land. Furthrmor th LORD was angry with m on your account, and swor that I should not cross this Jordan, and that I should not ntr th good land which th LORD your God givs you for an inhritanc; Bcaus I must di in this land. I must not cross this Jordan; but you shall cross it and possss that good land. And th Lord God was angry with m for th things said by you, and swor that I should not go ovr this Jordan, and that I should not ntr into th land, which th Lord your God has givn you for an inhritanc. For I am to di in this land, and shall not pass ovr this Jordan; but you ar to pass ovr, and shall inhrit this good land. Th targum adds an additional phras of xplanation. Th Latin has bhold instad of bcaus. Limitd Vocabulary Translations: Bibl in Basic English Easy English And th Lord was angry with m bcaus of you, and mad an oath that I was not to go ovr Jordan into th good land which th Lord is giving you for your hritag: But dath is to com to m in this land, I may not go ovr Jordan: but you will go ovr and tak that good land for your hritag. Th LORD was angry with m, bcaus of you. H told m again and again that I would not cross th Rivr Jordan. I cannot go into th good country that th LORD

190 Dutronomy Chaptr Easy-to-Rad Vrsion Good Nws Bibl (TEV) Th Mssag Nams of God Bibl NIRV Nw Simplifid Bibl your God is giving to you. I will di in this country. I will not cross th Rivr Jordan. But you will soon cross ovr and God will giv to you that good country. Th Lord bcam angry at m bcaus of you. Th Lord swor (promisd) that I could not go across th Jordan Rivr. H told m that I could not go into th good land that th Lord your God is giving you. So I must di hr in this land. I can t go across th Jordan Rivr, but you will soon go across and tak that good land and liv thr. Bcaus of you th LORD your God was angry with m and solmnly dclard that I would not cross th Jordan Rivr to ntr th frtil land which h is giving you. I will di in this land and nvr cross th rivr, but you ar about to go across and occupy that frtil land. But God was angry with m bcaus of you and th things you said. H swor that I'd nvr cross th Jordan, nvr gt to ntr th good land that God, your God, is giving you as an inhritanc. This mans that I am going to di hr. I'm not crossing th Jordan. But you will cross; you'll possss th good land. Yahwh was angry with m bcaus of you. So Yahwh your Elohim took an oath that I wouldn't cross th Jordan Rivr and ntr th good land h is giving you as your proprty. I'm going to di in this land and not cross th Jordan Rivr, but you'r going to go across and tak possssion of that good land. Th Lord was angry with m bcaus of what you did. H promisd that h would nvr lt m go across th Jordan Rivr. H promisd that I would nvr ntr that good land. It's th land th Lord your God is giving you as your own. I'll di hr in this land. I won't go across th Jordan. But you ar about to cross ovr it. You will tak that good land as your own.»furthrmor, Jhovah was angry with m bcaus of you. So Jhovah your God took an oath that I would not cross th Jordan Rivr and ntr th good land h is giving you as your proprty (inhritanc) (possssion).»i am going to di in this land. I will not cross th Jordan Rivr. But you ar going to go across and tak possssion of that good land. Thought-for-thought translations; paraphrass: Common English Bibl Contmporary English V. Th Living Bibl Nw Brkly Vrsion Nw Living Translation Th Lord was angry with m bcaus of your dds and swor that I couldn't cross th Jordan Rivr or ntr th wondrful land that th Lord your God is giving you as an inhritanc. I will di hr in this land. I won't cross th Jordan Rivr. But you will, and you will tak possssion of that wondrful land. Th LORD was angry at m bcaus of what you said, and h told m that h would not lt m cross th Jordan Rivr into th good land that h is giving you. So I must stay hr and di on this sid of th Jordan, but you will cross th rivr and tak th land. But h was angry with m bcaus of you; h vowd that I could not go ovr th Jordan Rivr into th good land h has givn you as your inhritanc. I must di hr on this sid of th rivr. But th LORD was indignant with m on account of you and swor that I should not cross th Jordan into that good land which th LORD your God is giving you for a hritag; for I must di in this land; I must not cross th Jordan; but you will cross ovr to tak possssion of that good land. "But th Lord was angry with m bcaus of you. H vowd that I would not cross th Jordan Rivr into th good land th Lord your God is giving you as your spcial possssion. You will cross th Jordan to occupy th land, but I will not. Instad, I will di hr on th ast sid of th rivr. Partially litral and partially paraphrasd translations:

191 5515 Th Book of Dutronomy Amrican English Bibl Intrnational Standard V Nw Advnt (Knox) Bibl Translation for Translators 'Thn Jhovah God bcam angry with m ovr things that you said, and H swor that I wouldn't cross th JorDan and ntr th land that H's giving to you as an inhritanc. So, I will di in this land and I won't [b allowd to] cross th JorDan. but you will cross it and inhrit that good land. "But th LORD was angry with m bcaus of you. So h swor that I'll nvr cross th Jordan Rivr to ntr th good land that th LORD your God is about to giv you as an inhritanc. I'm going to di in this land and I won't cross th Jordan Rivr, but you'r about to cross ovr to possss that good land. What though I, through your fault, hav incurrd th Lord's angr, so that h has sworn nvr to lt m cross Jordan, and s th fair land h mans to giv you? What though I must di hr, still on Jordan's furthr bank? You will cross ovr it; that fair land will b yours. But Yahwh was angry with m bcaus of what your ancstors did/said. H solmnly dclard that I would not cross th Jordan Rivr to ntr th good/frtil land that h is giving to you. H said that I must di hr in this land and nvr cross th Jordan Rivr. But you will go across it, and you will occupy that land. Mostly litral rndrings (with som occasional paraphrasing): Ancint Roots Translinar Frrar-Fnton Bibl HCSB Yahwh punishd m ovr your words and swor that I will not pass th Jordan, and that I will not com into that good land which Yahwh your God givs you for an inhritanc. I will di as a prson in this land. I will not pass th Jordan, but you will pass and possss this good land. But th EVER-LIVING was angry with m ovr your affairs, and swor to prvnt m crossing th Jordan, and to prvnt m arriving at th bautiful country which your EVER-LIVING GOD has givn to you to possss! For I must di in this country, - I may not pass ovr th Jordan! - but you will pass ovr, and possss that bautiful land! "Th LORD was angry with m on your account. H swor that I would not cross th Jordan and ntr th good land th LORD your God is giving you as an inhritanc. I won't b crossing th Jordan bcaus I am going to di in this land. But you ar about to cross ovr and tak possssion of this good land. Catholic Bibls (thos having th imprimatur): Christian Community (1988) Through your fault, Yahwh b cam angry with m and h swor that I would not cross th Jordan nor ntr into th bautiful land which h givs you as an inhritanc. I will di in this land and not b abl to cross th Jordan. You, in turn, will cross ovr and possss that bautiful land. Th Hritag Bibl And Jhovah was nragd with m ovr your words, and swor that I should not cross ovr Jordan, and that I should not go into that good land, which Jhovah, your God, givs you for an inhritanc, Bcaus I must di in this land; I must not cross ovr Jordan, but you shall cross ovr, and possss that good land. Nw Jrusalm Bibl 'Yahwh is angry with m bcaus of you; h has sworn that I shall not cross th Jordan or ntr th fin country which Yahwh your God is giving you as your hritag. Ys, I am to di in this country; I shall not cross this Jordan; you will go ovr and tak possssion of that rich land. Nw RSV Th Lord was angry with m bcaus of you, and h vowd that I should not cross th Jordan and that I should not ntr th good land that th Lord your God is giving for your possssion. For I am going to di in this land without crossing ovr th Jordan, but you ar going to cross ovr to tak possssion of that good land. Rvisd English Bibl Th LORD was angry with m on your account and solmnly swor that I should not cross th Jordan or ntr th good land which th LORD your God is about to giv

192 Dutronomy Chaptr Jwish/Hbrw Nams Bibls: you as your holding. I myslf am to di in this country; I shall not cross th Jordan, but you ar about to cross and occupy that good land. xgss companion Bibl JPS (Tanakh 1985) Kaplan Translation Orthodox Jwish Bibl Th Scripturs 1998 And Yah Vh was angry with m bcaus of your words; and oathd that I not pass ovr Yardn and that I not go in to that good land, which Yah Vh your Elohim gav you - an inhritanc: and I di in this land; I pass not ovr Yardn: and you pass ovr and possss that good land. Now th Lord was angry with m on your account and swor that I should not cross th Jordan and ntr th good land that th Lord your God is assigning you as a hritag. For I must di in this land; I shall not cross th Jordan. But you will cross and tak possssion of that good land. God displayd angr at m bcaus of your words, and H swor that I would not cross th Jordan, and that I would not com to th good land that God your Lord is giving you as a hritag. I will di in this land and will not cross th Jordan, whil you will b th ons to cross and occupy th good land. Furthrmor Hashm was angry with m for your saks, and swor that I should not go ovr Yardn, and that I should not go in unto that ha'artz hatovah, which Hashm Elohicha givth th for a nachalah (inhritanc); But I must di in this land, I must not go ovr Yardn; but y shall go ovr, and possss that ha'artz hatovah. And éäåä was nragd with m bcaus of your words, and swor that I would not pass ovr th Yard n, and that I would not ntr th good land which éäåä your Elohim is giving you as an inhritanc. For I am to di in this land, I am not passing ovr th Yard n, but you ar passing ovr, and shall possss that good land. Expandd/Embllishd Bibls: Th Expandd Bibl Krtzmann s Commntary NET Bibl Th Voic Th Lord was angry with m bcaus of you, and h swor that I would not cross th Jordan Rivr to go into th good land th Lord your God is giving you as your L own [ an inhritanc]. I will di hr in this land and not cross th Jordan [34:1-8], but you will soon go across and tak that good land. Furthrmor, th Lord was angry with m for your saks, Num. 20:12, and swar that I should not go ovr Jordan, and that I should not go in unto that good land which th Lord, thy God, givth th for an inhritanc; but I must di in this land, I must not go ovr Jordan; but y shall go ovr and possss that good land. Th wistful ton which Moss mploys shows how dply h was affctd by th Lord's ruling that xcludd him from th Land of Promis. But th Lord bcam angry with m bcaus of you and vowd that I would nvr cross th Jordan nor ntr th good land that h [Hb "th Lord your God."] is about to giv you. [Th Hbrw txt includs "(as) an inhritanc," or "(as) a possssion."] So I must di hr in this land; I will not cross th Jordan. But you ar going ovr and will possss that [Hb "this." Th translation uss "that" to avoid confusion; arlir in th vrs Moss rfrs to Transjordan as "this land."] good land. Th Etrnal was angry with m bcaus of you, and H swor I would not cross th Jordan Rivr and ntr th good land th Etrnal your God is giving you to liv in. I'm not going to cross th Jordan. I'm going to di ovr on this sid, but you will cross th rivr and tak ownrship of that good land.

193 5517 Th Book of Dutronomy Litral, almost word-for-word, rndrings: Concordant Litral Vrsion Contxt Group Vrsion Darby Translation God s Truth (Tyndal) NASB Updatd Bibl Vrsion 2.11 Wbstr s Bibl Translation Young s Updatd LT Th gist of this vrs: Yt Yahwh showd Himslf angrd with m on account of your words. H swor that I would fail to cross ovr th Jordan and that I would fail to com to th good land that Yahwh your Elohim is giving to you as an allotmnt, for I am dying in this land. I am not crossing ovr th Jordan, but you ar crossing ovr and will tnant that good land. Furthrmor YHWH was angry with m for your {pl} saks, and swor that I should not go ovr th Jordan, and that I should not go in to that good land { or arth }, which YHWH your God givs you for an inhritanc: but I must di in this land { or arth }, I must not go ovr th Jordan; but you {pl} shall go ovr, and possss that good land { or arth }. And Jhovah was angry with m on your account, and swor that I should not go ovr th Jordan, and that I should not ntr in to that good land which Jhovah thy God givth th [for] an inhritanc; for I shall di in this land, I shall not go ovr th Jordan; but y shall go ovr, and possss this good land. Furthrmor, th Lord was angry with m for your saks and swor, that I should not go ovr Jordan and that I should not go unto that good land, which th Lord your God givs you to inhritanc. For I must di in this land, and shall not go ovr Jordan: But you shall go ovr and conqur that good land. "Now th Lord was angry with m on your account, and swor that I would not cross th Jordan, and that I would not ntr th good land which th Lord your God is giving you as an inhritanc. For I will di in this land, I shall not cross th Jordan, but you shall cross and tak possssion of this good land. Furthrmor Yahwh was angry with m for your+ saks, and swor that I should not go ovr th Jordan, and that I should not go in to that good land, which Yahwh your God givs you for an inhritanc: but I must di in this land, I must not go ovr th Jordan; but you+ will go ovr, and possss that good land. Furthrmor th LORD was angry with m for your saks, and swor that I should not go ovr Jordan, and that I should not ntr that good land which th LORD thy God givth th [for] an inhritanc: But I must di in this land, I must not go ovr Jordan: but y shall go ovr, and possss that good land. And Jhovah has shown Himslf angry with m bcaus of your words, and swars to my not passing ovr th Jordan, and to my not going in unto th good land which Jhovah your God is giving to you an inhritanc; for I am dying in this land; I am not passing ovr th Jordan, and you ar passing ovr, and hav possssd this good land. Moss tlls th popl that God is mad at him for thir saks, and that thy would cross ovr th Jordan Rivr, but h would rmain on this sid and di. Dutronomy 4:21a Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs w (or v ) (åà or åì) [pronouncd wh] and, vn, thn; namly; whn; sinc, that; though; as wll as simpl wâw conjunction No Strong s # BDB #251 YHWH (éäåä) [pronunciation is possibly yhoh-wah] translitratd variously as Jhovah, Yahwh, Y howah propr noun Strong s #3068 BDB #217

194 Dutronomy Chaptr Dutronomy 4:21a Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs ânaph (àèðçó) [pronouncd aw-nahf] to b angry (always of God), to show onslf to b angry rd 3 prson masculin singular, Hithpal imprfct Strong s #599 BDB #60 h b (áìà) [pronouncd b ] in, into, through; at, by, nar, on, upon; with, bfor, against; by mans of; among; within a prposition of proximity st with th 1 prson singular suffix Strong s# non BDB #88 al (òçì) [pronouncd ìahl] upon, byond, on, against, abov, ovr, by, bsid prposition of rlativ proximity Strong s #5921 BDB #752 d bârîym (ãìàáèøäéí) b [pronouncd daw -vawr- EEM] words, sayings, doctrins, commands; things, mattrs, affairs; rports masculin plural noun nd with th 2 prson masculin plural suffix Strong's #1697 BDB #182 Translation: Y howah was angry with m bcaus of your words... Th Isralits facd anothr no-watr situation and wr quit upst ovr it, and xprssd nothing by way of confidnc in God. Moss, bcaus h had facd this xact situation bfor, was angry, and bcaus h was angry, h did not follow God s xact dirctions. Thrfor, h would rmain ast of th Jordan. H would not lad th popl to tak th land which God had givn thm. Ptr Ptt: It was thy who had incitd Moss and Aaron to th xaspration that drov thm to do what thy did. But Yahwh is nvr dpictd as angry with Moss bcaus of th failur of th popl. H knw thm too wll. Nor did H punish Moss for thir sins. Indd many of thm had alrady did 138 in th wildrnss. Yahwh's angr was solly bcaus h had faild. Th ky to Moss failur is, h did not maintain typ. Th no-watr situations wr to bring out th typology of th sacrific of Jsus Christ, from Whom would coming watrs of lif. Dutronomy 4:21b Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs wa (or va) (åç) [pronouncd wah] and so, and thn, thn, and; so, that, yt, thrfor, consquntly; bcaus wâw conscutiv No Strong s # BDB #253 shâba (ùèáçò) b [pronouncd shaw - VAHÌ] to swar, to imprcat, to curs, to swar an oath, to tak a solmn oath, to swar allgianc rd 3 prson masculin singular, Niphal imprfct Strong's #7650 BDB #989 lâmd (ìà) [pronouncd l ] to, for, towards, in rgards to dirctional/rlational prposition No Strong s # BDB #510 bil tîy (áìäìàúìäé) pronouncd bill -TEE] not advrb/particl of ngation Strong s #1115 BDB # From accssd May 12, 2015.

195 5519 Th Book of Dutronomy Dutronomy 4:21b Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs âbar (òèáçø) [pronouncd b ìaw -VAHR] to pass ovr, to pass through, to pass on, to pass, to go ovr [byond], to cross, to cross ovr; to go away, to dpart; to violat [a law] Qal infinitiv construct st with th 1 prson singular suffix Strong s #5674 BDB #716 êth (àæç) [pronouncd ayth] Indicats nxt word is th objct of th vrb; somtims translatd to untranslatd mark of a dirct objct Strong's #853 BDB #84 Yâr dên (éèøàãåï) [pronouncd yar -DAYN] dscndr; flowing downward; th watring plac; translitratd Jordan propr noun with th dfinit articl Strong s #3383 BDB #434 Translation:...and H swor I would not cross ovr th Jordan... God swor to Moss that h would not cross ovr th Jordan Rivr for his transgrssion (which will b discussd in grat dtail). As ought to b clar by this tim, somtims whn an incidnt is rcordd in mor than on plac, th dscription can b vry similar; and othr tims, thr ar significant dtails which ar lft out. For instanc, w hav that God swor to Moss that Moss would not cross th Rivr Jordan. It would mak sns that Moss pladd with God, and pladd again, and thn God finally said, Listn, I swar by Myslf that you will not cross th Jordan; now giv it a rst. Howvr, w do not hav that xact statmnt anywhr. Howvr, givn what w rad hr, combind with what w find in Num. 27, w can rasonably dduc that this happnd howvr, only hr do w find that God swor to Moss that h would not cross ovr th Jordan. Now, simply bcaus a dtail is found in on passag, but not in anothr, that has no baring on th accuracy of ithr passag. W know, by th inspiration of th Scripturs, that both narrativs ar accurat. Furthrmor, it ought to b clar to anyon, if you rcount an incidnt in your lif, you can rcount it in mor than on way, mphasizing diffrnt aspcts of that incidnt. You might tll your wif on thing, your childrn anothr, your coworkrs somthing ls about th sam xact incidnt in your lif. It dos not man that any of ths rcollctions ar inaccurat or contain intntional rrors; you just may b making a diffrnt point or conncting with your audinc in a diffrnt way. All of ths passags ar diffrnt accounts of this incidnt: Num. 20:12 Dut. 1:37 3: :2 Psalm 106: W hav so many mntions of this bcaus this is an important part of th narrativ of Moss and Isral. Dutronomy 4:21c Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs w (or v ) (åà or åì) [pronouncd wh] and, vn, thn; namly; whn; sinc, that; though; as wll as simpl wâw conjunction No Strong s # BDB #251 lâmd (ìà) [pronouncd l ] to, for, towards, in rgards to dirctional/rlational prposition No Strong s # BDB #510 bil tîy (áìäìàúìäé) pronouncd bill -TEE] not advrb/particl of ngation Strong s #1115 BDB #116

196 Dutronomy Chaptr Dutronomy 4:21c Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs bôw (áìåéà) [pronouncd boh] to com in, to com, to go in, to go, to ntr, to advanc; to attain Qal infinitiv construct Strong s #935 BDB #97 l (àæì) [pronouncd hl] unto; into, among, in; toward, to; against; concrning, rgarding; bsids, togthr with; as to dirctional prposition (rspct or dfrnc may b implid) Strong's #413 BDB #39 rts (àæøæõ) [pronouncd EH-rts] arth (all or a portion throf), land, trritory, country, continnt; ground, soil; undr th ground [Shol] fminin singular noun with th dfinit articl Strong's #776 BDB #75 þôwb (èåéá) [pronouncd b toh v] plasant, plasing, agrabl, good, bttr; approvd fminin singular adjctiv which can act lik a substantiv; with th dfinit articl Strong s #2896 BDB #373 Translation:...and would not ntr into th good land... Moss would not b allowd to ntr into th good land. Now, th land in all dirctions blongd to th Jws Moss could stand on a mountain and look in all dirctions, and all that h saw, God gav to th Isralits. Howvr, th rally good land was wst of th Jordan Rivr. That is th good land which Moss would not ntr into. Ptr Ptt: Howvr good and frtil `this land' Transjordan might b it was not th good land. Canaan alon was that, for it was chosn by Yahwh as His inhritanc. It was chosn for His popl. Unlik Msopotamia and Egypt it was not watrd by irrigation and grat rivrs, but by God Himslf, by th rain from havn (Dutronomy 12:11; Lviticus 25:4-5; Ezkil 34:26-27). And it was a land ovr which Yahwh xrcisd car (Dutronomy 11:12; compar Lviticus 26:34; Lviticus 26:43 concrning whn it was not tratd proprly) and that could b mptid of its inhabitants and bcom totally dvotd to Yahwh, a Havn on arth. It was a holy land (Dutronomy 7:6). That was th 139 inhritanc that H was giving thm. This has bn xplaind in prvious chaptrs. Hr, it is prsntd point-by-point. God Disciplins Moss bcaus of th Jws Ngativ Volition 1. Th Isralits in th dsrt-wildrnss facd two no-watr situations, and God was going to us this to st up a typ. This typ would rquir th unfailing obdinc of Moss. 2. Whn th Isralits first complaind of having no watr, God told Moss to hit a particular rock with his stick, and from it would flow watrs of lif. 3. Th paralll bing st up is, Moss (God) striks th rock (Jsus Christ on th cross), and from th rock (Jsus Christ) flow watrs of lif (trnal lif and an abundant lif). Striking th rock rprsnts th judgmnt of our sins; whr God th Fathr placs our sins upon God th Son on th cross. 4. Moss did this, and this typ coms down to us today. 5. With th scond gnration, thr is anothr no-watr situation. What Moss is supposd to do is spak to th rock, and from th rock, rivr watrs of lif would flow. Jsus is only judgd onc for our sins, so Moss was not to strik th rock. Onc Jsus has did for our sins, w mrly spak to Him; w mrly bliv in Him; and from Him flow rivrs of abundanc and lif. 6. But, Moss did not do this. H bcam upst with this nw gnration. Shall I ftch you rbls watr 139 From accssd May 12, 2015.

197 5521 Th Book of Dutronomy God Disciplins Moss bcaus of th Jws Ngativ Volition from this rock? h ylld at thm. And thn h hits th rock twic. Th whol typology falls apart. Moss is not ftching watr for anyon; th God of Isral is providing thm with th watr. Jsus is not nd rd judgd a 2 or 3 tim for our sins, so th rock was not supposd to b struck. 7. So that w ar clar on this, Moss and th popl of his ra do not know anything about typology. To thm, it is a mattr of obdinc vrsus disobdinc. In th first no-watr situation, Moss obyd th Lord; in th scond no-watr situation, Moss disobyd God. God is faithful in both cass; God still providd th watr to sustain th Jws. But Moss scrwd things up so badly that h would not ntr into th land for this rason. 8. Moss undrstands that h is bing kpt from th land bcaus of his disobdinc. H was disobdint bcaus h got mad at th gnration of promis. Thy complaind, Moss got angry, and as a rsult of not bing in control of his motions, Moss was disobdint. Th popl obviously had a hand in this and Moss rightly blams thm. Th popl ar to blam and Moss himslf is to blam. 9. W undrstand today th problm was, Moss scrwd up th whol notion of typology; but no on of that ra undrstood typology or what any of this rprsntd. Typology is on of thos amazing aspcts of Scriptur, which hlps to pull th Old Tstamnt and th Nw Tstamnt togthr. No on in th Old Tstamnt undrstood it bcaus th Old Tstamnt was filld with typs but thr wr no corrsponding antityps. Thos who wr knowldgabl undrstood only th most basic aspcts of typology. Whn Moss said, God will rais up a propht lik m from among you, (Dut. 18:15); a fw might hav undrstood that, ultimatly, this was Moss looking forward to th Mssiah. But this would hav bn th sum-total of thir undrstanding. Chaptr Outlin Charts, Graphics and Short Doctrins Dutronomy 4:21d Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs ãshr (àâéùæø) [pronouncd uh-sher] that, which, whn, who, whom; whr rlativ pronoun Strong's #834 BDB #81 YHWH (éäåä) [pronunciation is possibly yhoh-wah] translitratd variously as Jhovah, Yahwh, Y howah propr noun Strong s #3068 BDB #217 Ìlôhîym (àìéääéí) [pronouncd l-o-heem] God; gods, forign gods, god; rulrs, judgs; suprhuman ons, angls; translitratd Elohim masculin plural noun nd with th 2 prson masculin singular suffix Strong's #430 BDB #43 nâthan (ðèúçï) [pronouncd naw-thahn] is giving, granting, is placing, putting, stting; is making Qal activ participl Strong's #5414 BDB #678 lâmd (ìà) [pronouncd l ] to, for, towards, in rgards to dirctional/rlational prposition with th 2 nd prson masculin singular suffix No Strong s # BDB #510 nachãlâh (ðççâìèä) [pronouncd nah-khuh- LAW] inhritanc, possssion, proprty, hritag fminin singular noun Strong s #5159 BDB #635

198 Dutronomy Chaptr Translation:...which Y howah your Elohim is giving to you [as] an inhritanc;... Th land wst of th Jordan would b th land which God gav to th Isralits. Evntually, a much largr portion of this land will b givn to Isral. Howvr, thy thmslvs wr to go into th land and tak it, as ordrd and guidd by God. Moss nvr confsss his own sin dirctly to th gnration of promis, but placs th rsponsibility with thm. H is fully cognizant of what h did wrong; howvr, tlling thm that would do thm no good. Only Moss can bnfit by knowing what h did was wrong (and w do latr whn w study God's Word). Thy can do somthing about thir complaining and bitching and moaning. That is an individual choic ovr which thy hav control. Th principl hr is privacy th sins of Moss ar privat, at last tmporarily, from this particular gnration. Aftr h has did and th Torah has bn distributd, thy will know mor as to what xactly happnd (although vn thn thy will not fully comprhnd th dtails and implications as w do today). Dutronomy 4:22a Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs kîy (ëìäé) [pronouncd k] for, that, bcaus; whn, at that tim, which, what tim xplanatory or tmporal conjunction; prposition Strong's #3588 BDB #471 ânôkîy (àèðéëäé) [pronouncd awn-oh- KEE] I, m; (somtims a vrb is implid) st 1 prson singular prsonal pronoun Strong s #595 BDB #59 mûwth (îåìú) [pronouncd mooth] dying, prishing; on who is dying [prishing] Qal activ participl Strong's #4191 BDB #559 h b (áìà) [pronouncd b ] in, into, through; at, by, nar, on, upon; with, bfor, against; by mans of; among; within a prposition of proximity Strong s# non BDB #88 rts (àæøæõ) [pronouncd EH-rts] arth (all or a portion throf), land, trritory, country, continnt; ground, soil; undr th ground [Shol] fminin singular noun with th dfinit articl Strong's #776 BDB #75 zô th (æéàú) [pronouncd zoth] hr, this, thus fminin singular of zh; dmonstrativ pronoun, advrb; with th dfinit articl Strong s #2063 (& 2088, 2090) BDB #260 Translation:...for I will di in this land [hr]. Moss would rmain in th land ast of th Jordan. H would di hr. Although Moss did not raliz it at th tim, h fll down in a most important ara of obdinc. H allowd his motions to gt th bst of him. H was angry at th sons of Isral, and disobyd God in his angr. Dutronomy 4:22b Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs êyn (àåéï) [pronouncd ân] nothing, not, [is] not; not prsnt, not rady; xprsss nonxistnc, absnc or nonpossssion; [thr is] no [non, not on, no on, not] particl of ngation; substantiv of ngation st with th 1 prson singular suffix Strong s #369 BDB #34

199 5523 Th Book of Dutronomy Dutronomy 4:22b Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs âbar (òèáçø) [pronouncd b ìaw -VAHR] passing by, passing through; passing ovr Qal activ participl Strong s #5674 BDB #716 êth (àæç) [pronouncd ayth] Indicats nxt word is th objct of th vrb; somtims translatd to untranslatd mark of a dirct objct Strong's #853 BDB #84 Yâr dên (éèøàãåï) [pronouncd yar -DAYN] dscndr; flowing downward; th watring plac; translitratd Jordan propr noun with th dfinit articl Strong s #3383 BDB #434 Translation: I will not go ovr th Jordan [Rivr],... Moss mphasizs that h will not go ovr th Jordan Rivr with th popl. Thy ar, in part, rsponsibl for that. Howvr, thr ar a host of rasons for why God would not lt Moss cross ovr th Jordan. Dutronomy 4:22c Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs w (or v ) (åà or åì) [pronouncd wh] and, vn, thn; namly; whn; sinc, that; though; as wll as simpl wâw conjunction No Strong s # BDB #251 attm (àçúìæí) [pronouncd aht-tem] you all, you guys, you (oftn, th vrb to b is implid) nd 2 prson masculin plural, prsonal pronoun Strong s #859 BDB #61 âbar (òèáçø) [pronouncd b ìaw -VAHR] passing by, passing through; passing ovr masculin plural, Qal activ participl Strong s #5674 BDB #716 w (or v ) (åà or åì) [pronouncd wh] and, vn, thn; namly; whn; sinc, that; though; as wll as simpl wâw conjunction No Strong s # BDB #251 yârash ( éèøç) [pronouncd yaw-rash] to possss, to tak possssion of, to occupy a gographical ara [by driving out th prvious occupants], to tak possssion of anyon [or thir goods]; to inhrit, to possss; to xpl, to driv out nd 2 prson masculin plural, Qal prfct Strong s #3423 BDB #439 êth (àæç) [pronouncd ayth] Indicats nxt word is th objct of th vrb; somtims translatd to untranslatd mark of a dirct objct Strong's #853 BDB #84 rts (àæøæõ) [pronouncd EH-rts] arth (all or a portion throf), land, trritory, country, continnt; ground, soil; undr th ground [Shol] fminin singular noun with th dfinit articl Strong's #776 BDB #75

200 Dutronomy Chaptr Dutronomy 4:22c Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs þôwb (èåéá) [pronouncd b toh v] plasant, plasing, agrabl, good, bttr; approvd fminin singular adjctiv which can act lik a substantiv; with th dfinit articl Strong s #2896 BDB #373 zô th (æéàú) [pronouncd zoth] hr, this, this on; thus; possibly anothr fminin of singular zh; dmonstrativ pronoun, advrb Strong s #2063 (& 2088, 2090) BDB #260 Translation:...but you will [all] go ovr and you will tak possssion of this good land. I will stay hr; but you all will cross ovr th bordr and go into th Land of Promis. Th Bibl Illustrator: Canaan was vidntly th glory of all th arth, and Isral th most rnownd of all popl; in walth, in intllignc, in honour, and in victory th Hbrw nation xcdd all th nations by which it was surroundd. Now, England is a grat nation, and compard vn with nlightnd countris, it assums an imposing splndour; and if viwd in contrast vn with th cultivatd nations of th continnt of Europ, it stands at th had of thm all. Its commrcial ntrpris, its civil and rligious charactr, its indomitabl industry, its multiplid comforts, and th distinguishd rputation which it has in all th nations of th arth, plac it alon--far abov any othr country. It is natural for a man to look at England, and to ask, "How is this?" And having discovrd th fact of this gratnss, and th causs of it, th inquiry naturally suggsts itslf, "How is this gratnss to b prptuatd and incrasd?" Canaan was a bautiful country, and God gav it to th Jws. Howvr, a lot has happnd sinc thn, and, today, most Jws liv outsid th Land of Promis, having bn disprsd as God promisd. But, it is clar that, som nations hav risn up sinc thn which hav bn grat nations gratly blssd and a blssing to popls all ovr th world. Th Bibl Illustrator on th National Gratnss of Britain 1. Th first thing mntiond in th txt, and which is prsntd throughout this book, is that th nation's gratnss consists in having th knowldg of th tru God; and this is pculiar in rspct to England. God is nigh unto this nation, and has givn it th knowldg of Himslf, and this is th foundation of our prosprity. 2. Anothr caus mntiond in th txt, and which may also b ascribd to Britain, is our multitudinous and wondrful dlivrancs. If anyon will opn th pags of history and rad thm, h will s how this country has risn among th nations of th arth by th rmarkabl powr of th hand of th Lord. 3. Anothr mans which this txt prscribs is th institution and prsrvation of th Christian ministry. This agncy has distributd knowldg--this has nrvd th popl with right principls--this has taught thm industry, bnvolnc, and all th social virtus--and, abov all, it has xhibitd to th popl th way of salvation by Christ, and furnishd motivs to holinss, and to vry kind bnvolnt act, of which vn th larnd amongst th hathn wr all ignorant. 4. Again, th txt points out anothr mans of promoting this gratnss, and that is th communication of rligious knowldg to th young. 5. Anothr point is th influnc of a praying community; "for what nation is thr so grat, who hath God so nigh unto thm, as th Lord our God is, in all things that w call upon Him for?" What a multitud of praying popl--formd by th Gospl--liv in Britain! This has doubtlss bn a gratr scurity to hr than all hr woodn walls, or than all hr larg armis. Prayr is a bnvolnc which any man can confr on kings or on statsmn, and th only thing vry many hav to do with thm is to pray for thm. 6. I will mntion on othr sourc of hr gratnss, and that is hr unrstrictd possssion of th Divin

201 5525 Th Book of Dutronomy Th Bibl Illustrator on th National Gratnss of Britain Word, and th laws of th land bing largly foundd on th laws of that book. What a blssing has th Bibl bn! Among our mrcis ar th statuts and laws by which w ar govrnd takn principally from this book. Much imprfction, it is tru, still rmains in ths laws; and many of us hav grivous complaints to mak about thm; but, viwd as a nation amongst othr nations, thr ar no laws lik thos of Britain, bcaus thy mor closly conform to th laws of God than thos of any xisting nation; and thy ar bing brought narr to th blssd book of God; but still, as thy ar, thy ar lookd upon with nvy as th glory of th world. Don t misundrstand m I do not subscrib to British-Isralism. Grat Britain was a grat country; and now it is not. Its gratnss, howvr, was compltly dpndnt upon God. Prviously, Grat Britain was a clint nation to God; and today, th Unitd Stats is a clint nation to God. Howvr, Grat Britain has falln from its pdstal, and th Unitd Stats could as wll. Th Bibl Illustrator maks this additional obsrvation: Th dangrs to which th possssion of this gratnss xposs us. Th first which Moss prsnts to thm was slf-concit. If not vry watchful ovr prosprity, luxuriousnss, th indulgnc of flshly apptits, indolnc, and nglct of othrs, com in with it taking rst, and lying down in th nst which w hav mad so comfortabl for ourslvs, and nvr looking ovr it to s th misris of thos who hav not got a nst, and for whom it is our duty to assist in making on, that thy may b as happy as w ar. S how ths sins ar abroad amongst us!--how prvalnt ar prid and forgtfulnss of God,...rjction of th Gospl, luxuriousnss, prodigality, and many othr sins. It boils down to this: whn th popl of a nation rjct Jsus Christ as thir Savior; and whn Christians rjct th Bibl as thir authority, that nation gos down. W liv in a nation which, by most masurs, is dclining as a national ntity. It should not b a surpris that this gos hand-in-hand with a rjction of Jsus Christ as Savior. You will not, a slight dclin in our conomic frdom and a slight dclin in thos who hav blivd in Jsus Christ. From accssd May 14, Chaptr Outlin Charts, Graphics and Short Doctrins Dan Farrar from Th Bibl Illustrator: What, thn, is a grat nation's on and only tru idal, if it is to b indd a wis and undrstanding popl? Th frivolous may snr and th faithlss may drid, but it is duty and it is rightousnss. That is as much th law of Christ as it is th law of Sinai. If a nation b not th upliftr of this bannr it is nothing, and it is doomd in du tim to fall. And that is why th Bibl, whn mn will rad it by th light of truth and not of psudo-rligious thoris, is still th bst statsman's manual. For it will tach him svral things. It will tach him that progrss is th appointd, invitabl law of human lif, and that it is a dadly rror to suppos that w ar snt into th world only to prsrv and not to improv; and it will tach him to honour man simply as man, and to rgard all mn, from th highst to th lowst, as absolutly qual bfor th bar of justic. It will tach him that always and invariably th unjust gains and th immoral practics of th class must b put down in th intrsts of th community, and that th intrsts of th community ar subordinat always to thos of th nation. And it will tach him that th tru glory of nations lis, not in th splndid misry of war, but in th dissmination of honourabl happinss, and th ncouragmnt of rightousnss, and th supprssion of vic. And it will tach him that th tru walth of a nation is not in gold and silvr, but in th souls of strong, contntd, and slf-rspcting mn. Whn statsmn hav larnt all ths lssons thy will not b long in larning othrs. Nations will aim at only such conditions of lif and govrnmnt as shall mak it asy to do right and difficult to do wrong. Statsmn will not toil for rward; thy will hold allgianc to th loftist idal of thir faith in Christ darr than all th gloris of plac and all th claims of party. Lik Edmund Burk, thy will bring to politics "a horror of clim, a dp humanity, a kn snsibility, a singular vivacity and sincrity of conscinc." Lik Sir Robrt Pl, thy will, amid all th chqurd fortuns of thir carr, b abl to turn from th storm without to th sunshin of an approving hart within. Thy will not b afraid to cut against th

202 Dutronomy Chaptr grain of godlss prjudic; thy will not b sophisticatd by th prudntial maxims of an immoral acquiscnc: thy will swtn with words of justic and gntlnss th conflicts of party; thy will b quick to th ncouragmnt of virtu; and thy will b firm and farlss to th prompt, inflxibl supprssion and xtirpation--so far as powrs of govrnmnt can do it--of all opn and soul dstroying 140 vic. Bfor Moss dis, h will b allowd to s this land, but h will not st foot in it. From th standpoint of obdinc along, this may sm quit harsh. Moss disobys in this on instanc, and God dos not lt him lad his popl ovr into th Land of Promis. Thy will go into th Land of Promis, and thy hav faild and disobyd God numrous tims. But that is ladrship; with grat authority coms grat rsponsibility. Moss dcisions bcom vn mor important bcaus h has this position of ladrship. It should b pointd out that, whn Moss confssd his sin, God forgav him. As MacLarn put it: And was th pnalty such a vry grat on? Do you think that a man who had bn toiling for ighty yars at a vry 141 thanklss task would considr it a vry svr punishmnt to b told, `Go hom and tak your wags'? But God did not withdraw His grac from Moss; nor did God casually cast Moss asid. Thr ar a grat many rasons why God did not allow Moss to go into th Land of Promis. Most of th rasons why Moss is not allowd to ntr th land ar symbolic (or typical). This chart is also found in Dutronomy 34 (HTML) (PDF) (WPD). Catgoris of Rasons Why Moss is not Going into th Land Catgory Moss disobyd God. Moss rmains out of th land, in ordr to mak it clar that thr was a grat mistak in th scond no-watr tst. Dtaild Explanation Moss was told to spak to th rock (in th scond no-watr situation), but h hit th rock instad. God holds him accountabl for his disobdinc. In th first no-watr tst, th Jws said that thy lackd watr and thy complaind. God told Moss to strik th rock on tim, which h did, and from it flowd watrs of lif. This rprsnts our Lord bing judgd for our sins. Th scond no-watr tst, Moss was told to spak to th rock. Instad, Moss struck th rock twic, which dstroys th typ. Striking th rock rfrs to judgmnt, but th Lord is judgd only on tim for sins (which is rprsntd by th first no-watr tst). Moss was supposd to simply spak to th rock; as w simply bliv in Jsus Christ. 142 All of th sons of Isral ar subjct to God s mandats. No on gts a pass No man is abov th Law. simply bcaus thy hav a high offic. Moss stands as a cautionary tal. Th popl lovd and rspctd Moss and rcognizd his rlationship with God, dspit thir bouts with arroganc. Moss stands as an xampl or as a cautionary figur if God will disciplin Moss, thn thy should b carful for thir own actions and thoughts. 140 From accssd May 14, From accssd May 25, This concpt was takn from David Guzik s Commntary on th Old Tstamnt; courtsy of -sword; 2006; Dut. 4:21 24.

203 5527 Th Book of Dutronomy Catgoris of Rasons Why Moss is not Going into th Land Catgory Moss as a typ/joshua as a typ. Dtaild Explanation Moss is closly associatd with th Law. W always think of Moss and th Law togthr; it is calld, in fact, th Mosaic Law. Th Law dos not sav us. Th Law dos not tak us into th Land of Promis. W ar savd by Jsus Christ; Jsus Christ is our Savior. Joshua s nam is th Hbrw vrsion of Jsus; his nam mans savior. It is th Savior which taks us into th Land of Promis. John 1:17 For th law was givn through Moss; grac and truth cam through Jsus Christ. (ESV) So, Moss is associatd with condmnation by Law and thrfor subjct to dath; but Jsus is associatd with nw lif and th promiss of God. Darby writs: Crossing Jordan was our dath and rsurrction with Christ in a figur. Joshua always rprsnts Christ, Had of His popl, according to th powr of th Spirit. But th wildrnss is this world. Moss dircts and govrns th popl thr according to God; consquntly h dos not ntr into Canaan...Now, th law could not lad into lif; and, thrfor, th flsh, th world, and th law, vr corrlativ in th ways of God, 143 wr found in th journy through th wildrnss; and Moss rmains thr. Th grat Moss is killd and not allowd to ntr th land; th undsrving popl ar ld into th land. No man is absolutly ncssary to th plan of God. Evn a man as grat as Moss is not ssntial to God s plan. In this way, Moss rprsnts th Savior, who must di so that th many may liv. Th sin of th popl bcoms associatd with Moss (rcall how h has told thm, this is happning bcaus of you). H dis, and thy, th undsrvd ons, go into th land. Jsus dis, and w, th undsrving, ar savd. Having a plac in th plan of God is a privilg, somthing that th unblivr dos not grasp (most blivrs do not grasp this). But our ministry, whatvr it happns to b, will com to th nd. You might b doing somthing which is uniqu, and yt, whatvr it is you do will com to an nd. Thr hav bn uniqu pastors (R. B. Thim, Jr.), uniqu vanglists (Billy Graham), uniqu radio tachrs (J. Vrnon McG) but thir ministry will com to an nd. Thr is no qustion about that. So, Moss had to di; his ministry had to com to an nd. Th popl of Isral could not b ld to bliv that th plan of God and that thir futur rstd solly upon th shouldrs of Moss. Guzik writs: Moss knw that h was rplacabl. It is a dangrous thing whn anybody in th ministry bgins to think thy ar doing somthing no on ls can do, or that thy ar irrplacabl. God can and dos us anyon; if a ministry dos dpnd on on irrplacabl prson, thn it is of man and not of God. Moss was 144 humbl nough, and wis nough, to know this. Moss work is don. Closly rlatd to th rason abov is, Moss had com to th nd of his work on arth. Dying is not a punishmnt, but a promotion for him. Th plan of God continus gnration aftr gnration. It is th rsponsibility of on gnration to tach th nxt. I know that I will not b abl to complt my xamination of th Bibl not vn of th Old Tstamnt as I would lik to do. My intntion is to writ a complt, accurat commntary on as many chaptrs of th Bibl as possibl, during my lif on arth. I hop that somon ls, with a good doctrinal background, is abl to go forward with this sam approach. Th mor you know about God s plan, th mor amazing it all is John Nlson Darby, Synopsis of th Old and Nw Tstamnts; from -Sword, Dut. 34:1 12. David Guzik s Commntary on th Old Tstamnt; courtsy of -sword; 2006; Dut. 4:21 24.

204 Dutronomy Chaptr Chaptr Outlin Charts, Graphics and Short Doctrins Intrstingly nough, Moss nvr xprsss any rsrvations about th Isralits that h is spaking to. H dos not say, You guys ar a bunch of failurs, and whn you go into that land particularly without m with will fail, fail, fail! But Moss knows that God s plan dos not dpnd upon him; it dos not dpnd upon this gnration of Isralits; and it dos not dpnd upon Joshua. God s plan movs forward bcaus Jsus Christ controls history. Moss knows that thr will b failur in Isral and h spaks to this. But h dos not indicat that h has any rsrvations about th Isralits bfor him. Tak hd to yourslvs lst you [all] forgt a covnant of Y howah your Elohim which H cut with you [all] and hav mad for yourslvs a gravn imag, a form of anything which has chargd you Y howah your Elohim, for Y howah your Elohim a fir consuming h [is], an El jalous. Dutronomy 4:23 24 Tak hd to yourslvs, so that you [all] do not forgt [your] covnant with Y howah your Elohim, which H mad with [all of] you, [so that you do not] mak a gravn imag for yourslvs a form of anything which Y howah your Elohim has chargd you [not to], for Y howah your Elohim [is] a consuming fir, a jalous God [= El]. B carful so that you do not forgt your contract with Jhovah your God, which H mad with all of you. S to it that you do not mak a gravn imag to worship you ar not to mak a form of anything, as pr th commands of God. Jhovah God is a consuming fir, a jalous God. Hr is how othrs hav translatd this vrs: Ancint txts: Masortic Txt (Hbrw) Targum of Onklos Latin Vulgat Pshitta (Syriac) Sptuagint (Grk) Significant diffrncs: Tak hd to yourslvs lst you [all] forgt a covnant of Y howah your Elohim which H cut with you [all] and hav mad for yourslvs a gravn imag, a form of anything which has chargd you Y howah your Elohim, for Y howah your Elohim a fir consuming h [is], an El jalous. Bwar, thn, that you forgt not th covnant of th Lord your God which H has confirmd with you, or mak to you an imag, th liknss of any thing of which th Lord your God has commandd that you should not mak it. For th Word of th Lord your God is a consuming fir; th jalous God is a fir, and H avngs Himslf in jalousy. [JERUSALEM. For th Lord your God is a consuming fir; th jalous God is a fir, and H avngs Himslf in jalousy.] Bwar lst you vr forgt th covnant of th Lord your God, which H has mad with you: and mak to yourslf a gravn liknss of thos things which th Lord has forbid to b mad: Bcaus th Lord your God is a consuming fir, a jalous God. Tak hd to yourslvs, lst you forgt th covnant of th LORD your God, which H mad with you, and corrupt yourslvs, and mak for yourslvs imags, or th liknss of anything, which th LORD your God has forbiddn you. For th LORD your God is a consuming fir, a zalous God. Tak hd to yourslvs, lst you forgt th covnant of th Lord our God, which H mad with you, and you transgrss, and mak to yourslvs a gravn imag of any of th things concrning which th Lord your God commandd you. For th Lord your God is a consuming fir, a jalous God. Th targum has additional txt. Th Hbrw txt is a littl clunky; so thr ar minor variations in th othr ancint translations.

205 5529 Th Book of Dutronomy Limitd Vocabulary Translations: Bibl in Basic English Easy English Easy-to-Rad Vrsion Good Nws Bibl (TEV) Th Mssag Nams of God Bibl NIRV Nw Simplifid Bibl Tak car that you do not lt th agrmnt of th Lord your God, which h has mad with you, go out of your mind, or mak for yourslvs imags of any sort, against th ordrs which th Lord your God has givn you. For th Lord your God is an all-burning fir, and h will not lt th honour which is his b givn to any othr. B carful! Do not forgt th covnant that th LORD your God mad with you. Do not mak for yourslvs a fals god in any shap. Th LORD says that you must nvr do that. That is bcaus th lov of th LORD your God is lik a burning fir. H cannot lt you go away from him. H cannot lt you lov anothr god. In that nw land, you must b carful not to forgt th Agrmnt that th Lord your God mad with you. You must oby th Lord s command. Don t mak any idols in any form! Why? Bcaus th Lord your God hats for his popl to worship othr gods. And th Lord can b lik a fir that dstroys! B crtain that you do not forgt th covnant that th LORD your God mad with you. Oby his command not to mak yourslvs any kind of idol, bcaus th LORD your God is lik a flaming fir; h tolrats no rivals. So stay alrt. Don't for a minut forgt th covnant which God, your God, mad with you. And don't tak up with any carvd imags, no forms of any kind-god, your God, issud clar commands on that. God, your God, is not to b trifld with-h's a consuming fir, a jalous God. B carful that you don't forgt th promis [Or "covnant."] that Yahwh your Elohim mad to you. Don't mak your own carvd idols or status that rprsnt anything Yahwh your Elohim has forbiddn. Yahwh your Elohim is Esh Oklah, El Kanna. B carful. Don't forgt th covnant th Lord your God mad with you. Don't mak for yourslvs a statu of any god at all. H has told you not to. So don't do it. Th Lord your God is lik a fir that burns vrything up. H wants you to worship only him.»tak car of yourslvs. Do not forgt th covnant of Jhovah your God, which h mad with you. Do not mak a gravn imag, or th liknss of anything, which Jhovah your God has forbiddn.»for Jhovah your God is a consuming fir, vn a totally dmanding zalous God. (H rquirs xclusiv dvotion!) Thought-for-thought translations; paraphrass: Common English Bibl Contmporary English V. Th Living Bibl Nw Cntury Vrsion Nw Lif Vrsion So all of you, watch yourslvs! Don't forgt th covnant that th Lord your God mad with you by making an idol or an imag of any kind or anything th Lord your God forbids, bcaus th Lord your God is an all-consuming fir. H is a passionat God. Always rmmbr th agrmnt that th LORD your God mad with you, and don't mak an idol in any shap or form. Th LORD will b angry if you worship othr gods, and h can b lik a fir dstroying vrything in its path. Bwar lst you brak th contract th Lord your God has mad with you! You will brak it if you mak any idols, for th Lord your God has uttrly forbiddn this. H is a dvouring fir, a jalous God. B carful. Don't forgt th Agrmnt of th Lord your God that h mad with you, and don't mak any idols for yourslvs, as th Lord your God has commandd you not to do. Th Lord your God is a jalous God, lik a fir that burns things up. So watch yourslvs, so that you do not forgt th agrmnt th Lord your God mad with you, or mak a fals god for yourslvs that looks lik somthing which

206 Dutronomy Chaptr Nw Living Translation th Lord your God has told you not to do. For th Lord your God is an all-burning fir, a jalous God. So b carful not to brak th covnant th Lord your God has mad with you. Do not mak idols of any shap or form, for th Lord your God has forbiddn this. Th Lord your God is a dvouring fir; h is a jalous God. Partially litral and partially paraphrasd translations: Amrican English Bibl Intrnational Standard V Nw Advnt (Knox) Bibl Translation for Translators 'Now, pay attntion to yourslvs and don't forgt th Sacrd Agrmnt that Jhovah our God mad with you. Don't sin and carv imags of any of th things that Jhovah your God told you not to do. For, Jhovah your God is zalous, and H can b a consuming fir! B carful! Othrwis, you will forgt th covnant of th LORD your God, who stablishd that covnant with you. Don't mak carvd imags of any liknss in violation of vrything that you wr commandd by th LORD your God. Indd, th LORD your God is a consumingi fir. H is a jalous God." Nvr forgt, thn, th covnant th Lord thy God has mad with th; nvr fashion thyslf thos imags th Lord has forbiddn th to fashion; th Lord thy God is a fir that burns all bfor it, lovs th with a jalous lov. B sur that you do not forgt th agrmnt that Yahwh our God mad with you. H commandd you to not mak any kind of idol, bcaus h has forbiddn that. You must not do that bcaus Yahwh your God will dstroy anyon who worships idols, lik [MET] a fir compltly dstroys things. H wants popl to worship only him; h cannot accpt/will punish popl who worship anyon or anything ls. Mostly litral rndrings (with som occasional paraphrasing): Ancint Roots Translinar Frrar-Fnton Bibl Jubil Bibl 2000 Lxham English Bibl Kp to yourslvs, othrwis you will forgt th covnant of Yahwh your God which h cut with you, and mak a carving for yourslvs in th pictur of any-thing which Yahwh your God commandd. For Yahwh your God is of a jalous God and ats fir. Guard yourslvs from forgtting th covnant of your EVER-LIVING God, which H contractd with you, for far you should mak for yourslvs a carvd imag, - contrary to th command of your EVER-LIVING God; for your EVER-LIVING God is a consuming fir ; - H is a jalous God! Kp yourslvs, do not forgt th covnant of th LORD your God, which h stablishd with you, and mak yourslvs a gravn imag or th liknss of any thing, which th LORD thy God has forbiddn th. For th LORD thy God is a consuming fir, vn a jalous God. Watch out for yourslvs so that you do not forgt th covnant of Yahwh your God that h had mad [Litrally "cut"] with you and mak for yourslvs a divin imag of th form of anything that Yahwh your God has forbiddn [Litrally "has commandd you about"], for Yahwh your God is a dvouring fir, a jalous [Or "zalous" or "impassiond"] God. Catholic Bibls (thos having th imprimatur): Christian Community (1988) So, b carful not to forgt th Covnant which Yahwh has mad with you and do not mak any kind of idols, as Yahwh, your God, has commandd you. Know that Yahwh, your God, is a dvouring fir, Yahwh is a jalous God. Th Hritag Bibl Hdg yourslvs about, lst you forgt th covnant of Jhovah, your God, which h cut with you, and mak you a carvd imag, or th liknss of anything, about which Jhovah, your God, has commandd you, Bcaus Jhovah, your God, is a consuming fir, a jalous God.

207 5531 Th Book of Dutronomy Nw Amrican Bibl (2011) Nw Jrusalm Bibl Rvisd English Bibl B carful, thrfor, lst you forgt th covnant which th LORD, your God, has mad with you, and fashion for yourslvs against his command an idol in any form whatsovr. [Dt 4:16; 9:12-14; Ex 32:1-10.] For th LORD, your God, is a consuming fir, a jalous God. Dt 5:9; 6:15; 9:3; Ex 24:17; 34:14. B carful not to forgt th covnant which Yahwh your God has mad with you, by sculpting an imag or making a statu of anything, sinc Yahwh your God has forbiddn this; for Yahwh your God is a consuming fir, a jalous God. Tak car that you do not forgt th covnant which th LORD your God mad with you; do not mak for yourslvs a carvd imag in any form; th LORD your God has forbiddn it. For th LORD your God is a dvouring fir, a jalous God. Jwish/Hbrw Nams Bibls: Complt Jwish Bibl Watch out for yourslvs, so that you won't forgt th covnant of ADONAI your God, which h mad with you, and mak yourslf a carvd imag, a rprsntation of anything forbiddn to you by ADONAI your God. For ADONAI your God is a consuming fir, a jalous God. xgss companion Bibl Guard yourslvs, lst you forgt th covnant of Yah Vh your Elohim, which h cut with you - and work yourslvs a sculptil or a manifstation of which Yah Vh your Elohim misvahd you. For Yah Vh your Elohim is a consuming fir - a jalous El. Hbrw Nams Vrsion Tak hd to yourslvs, lst you forgt th covnant of th LORD your God, which h mad with you, and mak you an ngravd imag in th form of anything which th LORD your God has forbiddn you. For th LORD your God is a dvouring fir, a jalous God. JPS (Tanakh 1985) Tak car, thn, not to forgt th covnant that th Lord your God concludd with you, and not to mak for yourslvs a sculpturd imag in any liknss, against which th Lord your God has njoind you. For th Lord your God is a consuming fir, an impassiond God. Kaplan Translation B carful that you not forgt th covnant that God your Lord mad with you. [Do not] mak for yourslf any statu imag that is forbiddn by God. God your Lord is [lik] [(Chizzkuni). Or, 'God's...[punishmnt] is a burning fir' (Saadia).] a consuming fir, a God dmanding xclusiv allgianc. S Exodus 20:5. Orthodox Jwish Bibl B shomr ovr yourslvs, lst y forgt th Brit Hashm Elohichm, which H cut with you, and mak you a psl (idol, imag), or th liknss of anything, which Hashm Elohicha hath forbiddn th. For Hashm Elohicha is a consuming ish, vn an El Kannah. Th Scripturs 1998 Guard yourslvs, lst you forgt th covnant of éäåä your Elohim which H mad with you, and shall mak for yourslvs a carvd imag in th form of whatvr éäåä your Elohim has forbiddn you. For éäåä your Elohim is a consuming fir, a jalous Ìl. Expandd/Embllishd Bibls: Th Expandd Bibl Krtzmann s Commntary B carful. Don't forgt th Agrmnt [Covnant; Traty] of th Lord your God that h mad with you, and don't mak any idols for yourslvs, as th Lord your God has commandd you not to do. Th Lord your God is a jalous God [5:9; 6:15; Ex. 20:5; 34:14; Josh. 24:19; Nah. 1:2], lik a fir that burns things up [a consuming fir]. Tak hd unto yourslvs, lst y forgt th covnant of th Lord, your God, which h mad with you, and mak you, a gravn imag or th liknss of anything which

208 Dutronomy Chaptr NET Bibl Th Voic th Lord, thy God, hath forbiddn th. For th Lord, thy God, is a consuming fir, vn a jalous God, whos rightous angr dvours th childrn of disobdinc. W should rmmbr at all tims that God will not b mockd, but that H rsnts vry attack upon His holinss and rightousnss and will punish all willful transgrssors. B on guard so that you do not forgt th covnant of th Lord your God that h has mad with you, and that you do not mak an imag of any kind, just as h [Hb "th Lord your God." S not on "h" in 4:3.] has forbiddn [Hb "commandd."] you. For th Lord your God is a consuming fir; h is a jalous God. So b vry carful! Don't forgt th covnant th Etrnal your God mad with you; don't mak yourslvs an idol in th shap of anything. Th Etrnal your God has commandd you not to! Th Etrnal your God burns with jalousy whn you'r not compltly loyal to Him. Litral, almost word-for-word, rndrings: Concordant Litral Vrsion Contxt Group Vrsion Emphasizd Bibl English Standard V. UK God s Truth (Tyndal) NASB Updatd Bibl Vrsion 2.11 Wbstr s Bibl Translation Young s Updatd LT Guard yourslvs lst you forgt th covnant of Yahwh your Elohim that H contractd with you, and so you mak for yourslvs a carving, a physical rprsntation of anything, against which Yahwh your Elohim had instructd you;" for Yahwh your Elohim, H is a dvouring fir, a jalous El. Tak hd to yourslvs, or ls you {pl} will forgt th covnant of YHWH your {pl} God, which h mad with you {pl}, and mak a carvd imag in th form of anything which YHWH your God has forbiddn you. For YHWH your God is a dvouring fir, a possssiv God. Tak hd to yourslvs lst y forgt th covnant of Yahwh your God, which h hath solmnisd with you, and so mak for yourslvs an imag, th form of anything, th which Yahwh thy God hath forbiddn th; sing that as for Yahwh thy God, a consuming fir, h is, a jalous GOD. For I must di in this land; I must not go ovr th Jordan. But you shall go ovr and tak possssion of that good land. Tak car, lst you forgt th covnant of th Lord your God, which h mad with you, and mak a carvd imag, th form of anything that th Lord your God has forbiddn you. 24 For th Lord your God is a consuming fir, a jalous God. Tak hd unto yourslvs thrfor, that you forgt not th appointmnt of th Lord your God which h mad with you, and that you mak you no gravn imag of whatsovr it b that th Lord your God has forbiddn you. For th Lord your God is a consuming fir, and a jalous God. So watch yourslvs, that you do not forgt th covnant of th Lord your God which H mad with you, and mak for yourslvs a gravn imag in th form of anything against which th Lord your God has commandd you. For th Lord your God is a consuming fir, a jalous God. Tak hd to yourslvs, or ls you+ will forgt th covnant of Yahwh your+ God, which h mad with you+, and mak a gravn imag in th form of anything which Yahwh your God has forbiddn you. For Yahwh your God is a dvouring fir, a jalous God. Tak hd to yourslvs, lst y forgt th covnant of th LORD your God, which h mad with you, and mak you a gravn imag, [or] th liknss of any [thing] which th LORD thy God hath forbiddn th. For th LORD thy God [is] a consuming fir, [vn] a jalous God. Tak hd to yourslvs, lst y forgt th covnant of Jhovah your God, which H has mad with you, and hav mad to yourslvs a gravn imag, a similitud of anything concrning which Jhovah your God has chargd you: for Jhovah your God is a fir consuming a zalous God.

209 5533 Th Book of Dutronomy Th gist of this vrs: Moss tlls th popl to not forgt thir covnant with God, and not to mak any gravn imags, knowing that thir God is a jalous, and fir-consuming God. Dutronomy 4:23a Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs shâmar (ùèîçø) [pronouncd shaw-mar] b kpt, b prsrvd; b carful; abstain yourslf [from anything]; bwar [of anything]; car [for somthing]; tak hd nd 2 prson masculin plural, Niphal imprativ Strong's #8104 BDB #1036 lâmd (ìà) [pronouncd l ] to, for, towards, in rgards to dirctional/rlational prposition with th 2 nd prson masculin plural suffix No Strong s # BDB #510 pn (ôìæï) [pronouncd pn] lst, pradvntur, or ls, in ordr to prvnt, or, so that [plus a ngativ] conjunction Strong's #6435 BDB #814 shâkach (ùèëçç) [pronouncd shaw- KAHKH] to forgt; to forgt and lav; to forsak, to abandon nd 2 prson masculin plural, Qal imprfct Strong s #7911 BDB #1013 êth (àæç) [pronouncd ayth] Indicats nxt word is th objct of th vrb; somtims translatd to untranslatd mark of a dirct objct Strong's #853 BDB #84 b rîyth (áìàøäéú) [pronouncd b rth] covnant; pact, allianc, traty, allianc, contract fminin singular construct Strong s #1285 BDB #136 YHWH (éäåä) [pronunciation is possibly yhoh-wah] translitratd variously as Jhovah, Yahwh, Y howah propr noun Strong s #3068 BDB #217 Ìlôhîym (àìéääéí) [pronouncd l-o-heem] God; gods, forign gods, god; rulrs, judgs; suprhuman ons, angls; translitratd Elohim masculin plural noun nd with th 2 prson masculin singular suffix Strong's #430 BDB #43 ãshr (àâéùæø) [pronouncd uh-sher] that, which, whn, who, whom; whr rlativ pronoun Strong's #834 BDB #81 kârath (ëìèøçú) [pronouncd kaw- RAHTH] to cut off, to cut down; to kill, to dstroy; to mak a covnant rd 3 prson masculin singular, Qal prfct Strong's #3772 BDB #503 îm (òäí) [pronouncd ìm] with, at, by, nar; lik; from prposition of narnss and vicinity; with th 2 nd prson masculin plural suffix Strong s #5973 BDB #767 Translation: Tak hd to yourslvs, so that you [all] do not forgt [your] covnant with Y howah your Elohim, which H mad with [all of] you,... Moss warns th popl to b carful, to tak hd, to watch ovr thmslvs.

210 Dutronomy Chaptr Thy hav a covnant with Y howah Elohim, and thy nd to think about that and rcogniz what it mans to hav a covnant with God. Bar in mind, that God mad th covnant with thm and with thir fathrs. This was not somthing that th popl of Isral ngotiatd with God. Christianity is basd upon historical vnts. Th faith of th ancint Jws, and th doctrins of th Church of God, ar tid dirctly to historical vnts. Th history of th Bibl is ky to, as wll as th basis of, our faith. Christianity cannot b rmovd from its historical foundation; thr is no Christianity without an historic Jsus. You can always tll whn somon dos not undrstand Who Jsus is, whn thy offr up a Jsus Who is not ssntial to thir blif systm. For instanc, whn somon touts Jsus as bing th first brown-skinnd socialist who gav away fr halthcar, thir Jsus dos not hav to actually xist in ordr to b th foundation of thir blif systm. Thy still bliv in socialism; thy still want th govrnmnt to collct mor taxs and mak halthcar insuranc a right and a rquirmnt of bing a citizn. Whthr Jsus xistd or not; whthr H is lik that prson thy dscrib or not is compltly immatrial to thir socialistic blifs. That is not th Jsus of th Christian faith. If Jsus was just som guy trying to sll us th notion of socialism, thn w ar, of all mn, most misrabl. Our faith is ntirly in vain. If Jsus is just som rally nic socialist who cam on th scn 2000 yars ago, thr is no Christian faith. Thr is no rlationship to God. If th tru Jsus is not th Man found in th Bibl, thn w as Christians hav absolutly nothing upon which to stand. If all 4 biographrs of Jsus wr all lying, thn thr is no Christian faith. Our faith is ithr basd upon tru historical vnts or our faith is maninglss. Moss warns th Jws hr not to sparat thmslvs from thir historic covnant, which God mad with thm. This is what Moss is trying to convy. You saw ths things with your own ys; you hard ths things yourslvs. You must rmmbr and you must tll your childrn and you must tll thir childrn what you saw and hard. It is all basd upon thir first prson xprinc. Tak away th historical vnts, and thr is no prsonal Jwish God. Tak away ths historical vnts, and thr is no Christian faith. W cannot numrat a st of moral principls and idntify thm as Christianity, bcaus, apart from Jsus Christ actually making an apparanc on this arth, walking among mn, and thn dying for our sins, w hav no foundation for our faith. This is vry diffrnt from Islam or Buddhism. Whras th foundrs of thos faiths loom larg in th minds of thir followrs, thy ar not rally ssntial to th tnts of thos faiths. In fact, most of what Mohammd did is not gnrally rvald, simply bcaus his followrs raliz that fw popl will b drawn to him or to his actions in lif. Obviously, th foundr of a rligion is important, and, in th cas of Islam, strongly rvrd yt, for all intnts and purposs, Mohammd can b xcisd from thir faith, and thir faith rmains intact. Christianity cannot b sparatd from historical vnts or from th Prson of Jsus Christ. As Paul argud in 1Cor. 15:13 19 If thr is no rsurrction of th dad, thn th Mssiah has not bn raisd; and if th Mssiah has not bn raisd, thn what w hav proclaimd is in vain; also your trust is in vain; furthrmor, w ar shown up as fals witnsss for God in having tstifid that God raisd up th Mssiah, whom h did not rais if it is tru that th dad ar not raisd. For if th dad ar not raisd, thn th Mssiah has not bn raisd ithr; and if th Mssiah has not bn raisd, your trust is uslss, and you ar still in your sins. Also, if this is th cas, thos who did in union with th Mssiah ar lost. If it is only for this lif that w hav put our hop in th Mssiah, w ar mor pitiabl than anyon. (Complt Jwish Bibl). If Jsus was not raisd from th dad, thn w hav no hop; w hav no futur. Our faith is in vain.

211 5535 Th Book of Dutronomy Dutronomy 4:23b Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs w (or v ) (åà or åì) [pronouncd wh] and, vn, thn; namly; whn; sinc, that; though; as wll as simpl wâw conjunction No Strong s # BDB #251 âsâh (òèùéèä) [pronouncd ìaw-sawh] to do, to mak, to construct, to fashion, to form, to prpar, to manufactur; accomplish nd 2 prson masculin plural, Qal prfct Strong's #6213 BDB #793 lâmd (ìà) [pronouncd l ] to, for, towards, in rgards to dirctional/rlational prposition with th 2 nd prson masculin plural suffix No Strong s # BDB #510 pçl (ôìæñæì) [pronouncd PEH-cll] sculptd imag, carvd imag, gravn imag, ngravd imag masculin singular noun Strong's #6459 BDB #820 Translation:...[so that you do not] mak a gravn imag for yourslvs... Thy ar to b carful not to mak a gravn imag, with th intnt of worshiping it. Ths Jws bfor Moss hard God s voic, coming up out from th fir. Howvr, thr was no form that thy obsrvd; thr was not an imag which thy could attmpt to rproduc. If thy dsignd an imag to rprsnt God, it would com out of thir own imaginations, which is in opposition to God s way of doing things (God rvals Himslf). Application: For most of us, this sms ridiculous; but many of us build up movi and tlvision stars, sports figurs and vn politicians in our own minds. All of ths ar simpl popl with sin naturs. Thy may hav a skill, a position or a physical bauty which is xtraordinary, but this dos not rally st thm apart from th rst of th human rac, any mor than manufacturing a dity rsults in somthing which is dsrving of worship. Dutronomy 4:23c Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs t mûwnâh (úìàîåìðèä) [pronouncd tm-oo- NAW] a form, imag; liknss, rprsntation, similitud, smblanc; somthing portiond out, an undfinabl shap, a manifstation fminin singular construct Strong's #8544 BDB #568 kôl (ëìéì) [pronouncd kohl]; also kol (ëçìì) [pronouncd kol] all, all things, th whol, totality, th ntirty, vrything masculin singular noun without th dfinit articl Strong s #3605 BDB #481 With th ngativ, kôl mans anything. ãshr (àâéùæø) [pronouncd uh-sher] that, which, whn, who, whom; whr rlativ pronoun Strong's #834 BDB #81

212 Dutronomy Chaptr Dutronomy 4:23c Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs tsâvâh (öèåèä) [pronouncd tsaw-vaw] to commission, to mandat, to appoint; to ordain; to lay charg upon, to giv charg to, charg [command, ordr[; to instruct [as in, giving an ordr] rd 3 prson masculin singular, Pil prfct with nd th 2 prson masculin singular suffix Strong's #6680 BDB #845 YHWH (éäåä) [pronunciation is possibly yhoh-wah] translitratd variously as Jhovah, Yahwh, Y howah propr noun Strong s #3068 BDB #217 Ìlôhîym (àìéääéí) [pronouncd l-o-heem] God; gods, forign gods, god; rulrs, judgs; suprhuman ons, angls; translitratd Elohim masculin plural noun nd with th 2 prson masculin singular suffix Strong's #430 BDB #43 Translation:... a form of anything which Y howah your Elohim has chargd you [not to],... God had givn th Isralits spcific ordrs not to mak an imag of any othr thing, in ordr to worship it. Rcall that whn Moss was rciving th Law, th Isralits wr worshiping a goldn calf. V. 23 rads: B carful so that you do not forgt your contract with Jhovah your God, which H mad with all of you. S to it that you do not mak a gravn imag to worship... Bnson rphrass this: Lst you ithr disrgard th knowldg of God's law, or wilfully disoby it, now it is dclard to you, and thrby bring misry and dstruction upon yourslvs. 145 Occasionally, it taks two sourcs to call my attntion to somthing. Bullingr maks rfrnc to th last vrb of this sntnc maning forbid as wll as command; howvr, h rally givs no justification for this. Nvrthlss, svral translations go with this: Th Amplifid Bibl Th Emphasizd Bibl KJV NASB NIV NRSV Young's Lit. Translation...which th Lord your God has forbiddn you....th which Yahwh thy God hath forbiddn th;...which th LORD thy God hath forbiddn th....against which th LORD your God has commandd you....th LORD your God has forbiddn....that th LORD your God has forbiddn you....concrning which Jhovah thy God hath chargd th: Th vrb in qustion is tsâvâh (öèåèä) [pronouncd tsaw-vaw] and BDB lists its manings to as to commission, to appoint; to lay charg upon, giv charg to, charg command, ordr. Th lattr two ar probably th most consistntly usd. Ths dfinitions com from BDB and from Gsnius. Strong's #6680 BDB #845. Othr than th prcdnt of th KJV, thr is not a lot of rason to us th rndring forbiddn, othr than it sms to sound bttr. Howvr, th footnot on this vrs in Th Emphasizd Bibl, Rothrham, p. 203, mntion is mad of a spcial class of variant radings to which Dr. C.D. Ginsburg subscribs h suggsts that as hr is th bttr rading, as opposd to which. Th vrs thn rads "[So] you [all] [should] tak carful stock with rgard to yourslvs so that you do not forgt th covnant of Y howah your God, which H has mad with you, and construct for a sculptd imag, a form of anything, as Y howah your God has mandatd you." Constructing a sculptd imag is th rsult of forgtting th covnant of Jhovah thir God. Which H mad with you is tid dirctly to as Y howah your God has mandatd you. Th command or mandat of God was simply th forbidding 145 From accssd May 10, 2015.

213 5537 Th Book of Dutronomy of idiolatry. For a prson quickly rading through this passag, forbiddn works fin; howvr, th corrct nding to this vrs is as Y howah your God has commandd you. W fac th xact sam forcs vry day. Satan and his dmon lgions ar constantly drawing us away from God and from His Word into human viwpoint and th doctrin of dmons. It is only through a dos of doctrin vry day that w ar abl to withstand his pull. This is not a gam to Satan h blivs that his vry trnal lif dpnds upon what h dos and h dos not intnd to allow anyon to stand i his way. You ar xpndabl and onc you hav srvd your purpos, you will b abandond, as wll as undr divin disciplin. It is much asir to dtrmin what is right and to do that. Th only diffrnc btwn this vrs and th draw of rligion today is that thn, th popls of th arth wr mor dmonstrativ (at last thos with whom th Jws had contact). Thrfor, thy dpndd upon sculptd imags which rprsntd ditis. Th things w worship do not ncssarily nd to b constructd, as many of us just worship ourslvs. Dutronomy 4:24 Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs kîy (ëìäé) [pronouncd k] for, that, bcaus; whn, at that tim, which, what tim xplanatory or tmporal conjunction; prposition Strong's #3588 BDB #471 YHWH (éäåä) [pronunciation is possibly yhoh-wah] translitratd variously as Jhovah, Yahwh, Y howah propr noun Strong s #3068 BDB #217 Ìlôhîym (àìéääéí) [pronouncd l-o-heem] God; gods, forign gods, god; rulrs, judgs; suprhuman ons, angls; translitratd Elohim masculin plural noun nd with th 2 prson masculin singular suffix Strong's #430 BDB #43 sh (àæù) [pronouncd aysh] fir, lightning, suprnatural fir; prsnc of Y howah, th attndanc of a thophany fminin singular noun Strong's #784 BDB #77 âkal (àèëçì) [pronouncd aw-kahl] ating; dvouring, consuming, dstroying; njoying; tasting fminin singular, Qal activ participl Strong s #398 BDB #37 hûw (äåìà) [pronouncd hoo] h, it; himslf as a dmonstrativ pronoun: that, this (on); sam rd 3 prson masculin singular, prsonal pronoun; somtims th vrb to b, is implid Strong s #1931 BDB #214 Êl (àåì) [pronouncd ALE] God, god, mighty on, strong, hro; translitratd El masculin singular noun Strong s #410 BDB #42 qannâ ( ÇðÌÈà) [pronouncd kahn-naw] jalous masculin singular adjctiv Strong s #7067 BDB #888 Translation:...for Y howah your Elohim [is] a consuming fir, a jalous God would dstroy thos who ar out of lin with th sin unto dath. [= El]. As a consuming fir, God

214 Dutronomy Chaptr tims, Isaiah dscribs God in a similar way: Isaiah 29:6 30:27, 30. Dutronomy 4:24 (graphic); from Mark Strohm; accssd May 16, Chaptr Outlin Charts, Graphics and Short Doctrins Th Pulpit Commntary: Moss hr calls God "a consuming fir." H is so to all His nmis, and to all who disoby Him; by svr inflictions H will punish, and, if thy prsist in thir hostility and rbllion, will ultimatly dstroy thm.146 Clark: [Th sons of Isral] had sn him on th mount as an unconsuming fir, whil apparing to Moss, and giving th law; and thy had sn him as a consuming fir in th cas of Korah, Dathan, Abiram, and thir company. Thy had, thrfor, vry good to xpct from his approbation, and vry vil to drad from his displasur.147 Gill: To His nmis; His wrath is lik fir to burn up and dstroy all that oppos Him and brak His commands, and spcially idolatrs; whos sin of all othrs is th most provoking to Him, sinc it striks at His bing, His honour and glory.148 Thomas Constabl: Th "consuming fir" mtaphor rfrs to th manifstation of God's glory that burns in judgmnt all that is impur (cf. Exodus 24:17; Lviticus 10:2; Numbrs 16:35; Hbrws 12:29). God's jalousy is His zal for rightousnss that springs from His holinss. H would not tolrat Isral's allgianc to any othr god. Th connotation of pttinss that is prsnt in th English word "jalousy" is absnt from th Hbrw ida.149 A consuming fir is how God appard to th Isralits whn H spok with Moss: And to th ys of th sons of Isral, th apparanc of th glory of Yhowah was lik a consuming fir on th mountain top (Ex. 24:37). God, whn H lads Isral and dstroys th hathn bfor thm, it will b as a consuming fir: "Know thrfor today that it is Yhowah your God who is crossing ovr bfor you as a consuming fir. H will dstroy thm and H will subdu thm bfor you, so that you may driv thm out and dstroy thm quickly, just as Yhowah has spokn to you." (Dut. 9:3). Fir, of cours, spaks of God s judgmnt, as wll as, of His powr to compltly dstroy. It is bcaus of God's powr and ability to dstroy thos whom H chooss that our worship should b filld with rvrnc and aw: Thrfor, sinc w rciv a kingdom which cannot b shakn, lt us show gratitud, by which w may offr to God an accptabl srvic with rvrnc and aw; for our God is a consuming fir (Hb. 12:29). "Sinnrs in Zion ar trrifid; trmbling has sizd th godlss. Who among us can liv with th consuming fir? Who among us can liv with continual burning?" (Isa. 33:14). God bing idntifid with fir idntifis Him with judgmnt: For aftr all, it is just for God to rpay with affliction thos wh afflict you and rlif to you who ar afflictd and to us as wll whn th Lord Jsus shall b rvald from havn with His mighty angls in flaming fir, daling out rtribution to thos who do not know God and to thos who do not oby th gospl of our Lord Jsus. And ths will pay th pnalty of trnal dstruction, away from th prsnc of th 146 Th Pulpit Commntary; ; by Josph S. Exll, Hnry Donald Mauric Spnc-Jons, from -sword, Dut. 4:24 (slightly ditd). 147 Adam Clark, Commntary on th Bibl; from -Sword, Dut. 4: Dr. John Gill, John Gill s Exposition of th Entir Bibl; from -Sword, Dut. 4:24 (slightly ditd). 149 From accssd May 15, 2015.

215 5539 Th Book of Dutronomy Lord and from th glory of His powr (2Thss. 1:6 9). Not th Nw Tstamnt passags thr is no diffrnc btwn th God of th Old and Nw Tstamnts. Matthw Hnry: [God] has a jalous y to discrn an affront; h must hav your ntir affction and 150 adoration, and will by no mans ndur a rival. Th Wlls of Living Watr Commntary: God is nvr jalous in th sns that H is nvious. H is jalous in th sns of a sacrd, hallowd longing to possss th whol hart, th whol affctions 151 of His popl. Th Pulpit Commntary: God has a burning zal for His Own glory; H guards it with jalous car; and H will not spar thos who do Him dishonor, spcially thos who ar guilty of idolatry, whrby thy "chang th truth of God into a li" (Rom. 1:25; cf. Dut. 6:14, 15 32:16, tc.; Psalm 78:58, tc.; Nah. 1:2) H is jalous also ovr His popl, bcaus H lovs thm, and will not ndur any rival in 152 thir affction and dvotion. Gill: God...is jalous of His honour in mattrs of worship, and will not suffr His glory to b givn to 153 anothr, nor His prais to gravn imags, without rsnting it or punishing for it. From th Nw Amrican Bibl (2011): A jalous God: Hbrw 'l qanna. Th root of th adjctiv qanna xprsss th ida of intns fling focusd on solicitud for somon or somthing; s,.g., Ps 69:10; Sg 8:6; Is 9:6; 37:32; Ez 39:25. Th Sptuagint translatd th adjctiv as zlots, and th Vulgat followd suit; hnc th traditional English rndring "jalous" (and somtims "zalous") found in th Douai-Rhims and King Jams vrsions. In modrn usag, howvr, "jalous" dnots unrasonabl, ptty possssivnss, a maning, vn as nuanc, wanting in th Hbrw. In th first commandmnt (5:6-10; Ex 20:2-6) and passags drivd from it (lik 4:24; 6:15; Ex 34:14; Jos 24:19; Na 1:2), Isral's God is rprsntd as totally committd to his purpos, and Isral is put on notic 154 to tak him and his dirctivs for thir lif as a popl with qual sriousnss. 155 Th Brkly Bibl: [God is] intolrant of th worship of nothingnss [cf. Psalm 115:4 8]. Just as jalousy would burn th soul of any man in lov with an unfaithful woman, God's soul burns in jalousy whn Isral chass aftr othr gods (I am spaking anthropomorphically). "You will not follow aftr othr gods any of th gods of th popls who surround you, for Y howah your God in th midst of you is a jalous God; othrwis, th angr of Y howah your God will b kindld against you, and H will wip you off th fac of th arth." (Dut. 6:14 15). Chaptr Outlin Charts, Graphics and Short Doctrins 3 tims in this chaptr, Moss warns th popl to tak hd, which, in ach cas, is rlatd to thir souls. 150 Matthw Hnry, Commntary on th Whol Bibl; from -Sword, Dut. 4: From accssd May 15, Th Pulpit Commntary; ; by Josph S. Exll, Hnry Donald Mauric Spnc-Jons, from -sword, Dut. 4:24 (slightly ditd). 153 Dr. John Gill, John Gill s Exposition of th Entir Bibl; from -Sword, Dut. 4:24 (slightly ditd). 154 From accssd April 7, Th Modrn Languag Bibl (Th Nw Brkly Vrsion), Rvisd Edition; 1969 by Hndrickson Publishrs, Inc.; p. 185 (footnot).

216 Dutronomy Chaptr Th 3 Tak Hd s of Dutronomy 4 Dutronomy Dut. 4:9 Dut. 4:15 16a Dut. 4:23 24 Txt/Commntary Only b carful and carfully [lit., gratly] guard your soul, so that you do not forgt what your ys hav sn and so that [ths things] do not dpart from your hart throughout your ntir lif [lit., all days of your livs]. Mak [ths things] known to your sons and to your sons sons. To tak hd mans to carfully considr [somthing]. Ths popl had sn th grat powr of God, and Moss warns thm to pay carful attntion not to forgt what thy sn. You [all] nd to tak hd for your souls sinc you did not s any physical form whn Y howah spok to you from th midst of th fir that you do not bcom corruptd and mak for yourslvs [som] sculptd imag. Thy wr to b carful not to bcom corruptd by idolatry. Tak hd to yourslvs, so that you [all] do not forgt [your] covnant with Y howah your Elohim, which H mad with [all of] you, [so that you do not] mak a gravn imag for yourslvs a form of anything which Y howah your Elohim has chargd you [not to], for Y howah your Elohim [is] a consuming fir, a jalous God [= El]. Thy wr to b carful not to forgt th covnant (contract) which tid thm to God. This is suggstd in Bullingr s Bibl nots; accssd May 14, Chaptr Outlin Charts, Graphics and Short Doctrins God will rmov you from th land for idolatry Ptt is on of th bst whn it coms to rcognizing an ovr-arching organization of th txt. Ptr Ptt Organizs Dutronomy 4:25 29 a Whn you bgt childrn, and childrn's childrn, and you hav bn long in th land, and shall corrupt yourslvs (Dutronomy 4:25 a), b And mak a gravn imag in th form of anything, and shall do that which is vil in th sight of Yahwh your God, to provok him to angr (Dutronomy 4:25 b). c I call havn and arth to witnss against you this day, that you will soon uttrly prish from off th land to which you go ovr th Jordan to possss it. You will not prolong your days on it, but will b uttrly dstroyd (Dutronomy 4:26). c And Yahwh will scattr you among th popls, and you shall b lft fw in numbr among th nations, to which Yahwh shall lad you away (Dutronomy 4:27). b And thr you will srv gods, th work of mn's hands, wood and ston, which nithr s, nor har, nor at, nor smll (Dutronomy 4:28). a But if you sk Yahwh you will find Him if you sk Him with hart and soul (Dutronomy 4:29)

217 5541 Th Book of Dutronomy Ptt: In `a' w hav th pictur of a popl who corrupt thmslvs bcaus thy hav bn `long in th land', and in th paralll th promis that if thy gnuinly rturn and sk Yahwh thy will find Him. In `b' thy do vil in th sight of Yahwh and provok Him to angr by making as gravn imag in any form, and in th paralll w hav th consqunc, thy will indd worship such uslss gods, but it will b outsid th land (`thr'). In `c' Yahwh calls havn and arth to witnss what H will do with such popl, H will dstroy thm, and in th paralll th consqunc of that dstruction will b thir scattring and bing lft fw in numbr (compar Dutronomy 28:62 and contrast Dutronomy 1:10-11; Dutronomy 10:22) and short of days (contrast Dutronomy 4:40; Dutronomy 5:16; Dutronomy 6:2). From accssd May 13, Chaptr Outlin Charts, Graphics and Short Doctrins For you will sir sons and sons of sons and you hav grown old in th land and you [all] hav actd corruptly and you [all] hav mad a gravn imag a form of anything and you [all] hav mad th vil to ys of Y howah your Elohim, to provok Him to angr. I hav Dutronomy bor witnss against you [all] th day, th 4:25 26 [two] havns and th arth, for prishing, you will prish soon from upon th land, [th land] which you [all] ar going ovr th Jordan thr to posss hr. You will not prolong days upon hr prishing, you [all] will prish. For you [all] will sir sons and sons of sons and you [all] will grow old in [this] land; but [if] you act corruptly and mak a gravn imag [to worship] of any form you will hav constructd vil in th ys of Y howah your Elohim, [thus] provoking Him to angr. I call th havns and arth to witnss against you [this] day, that you will surly prish abruptly from upon this land, [th land] which you ar going ovr th Jordan [Rivr] to possss. [If you do ths things], you will not prolong your days in th land [lit., upon it] you will undoubtdly prish. You hav two options bfor you. On th on hand, you can liv long in this land, siring sons and grandsons. Howvr, on th othr hand, if you mak a gravn imag to worship in th form of anything thn you will hav don that which is vil bfor Jhovah your God, and you will provok Him to angr. Thrfor, I call th havns and th arth to witnss against you this day, bfor th anglic ralm and bfor all mankind, that you will surly prish abruptly from this land, th land which you will cross ovr th Jordan Rivr to possss. If you do th things I am warning you about, you will not long liv long in th land, but you will undoubtdly prish. Hr is how othrs hav translatd this vrs: Ancint txts: Masortic Txt (Hbrw) Targum of Onklos Latin Vulgat For you will sir sons and sons of sons and you hav grown old in th land and you [all] hav actd corruptly and you [all] hav mad a gravn imag a form of anything and you [all] hav mad th vil to ys of Y howah your Elohim, to provok Him to angr. I hav bor witnss against you [all] th day, th [two] havns and th arth, for prishing, you will prish soon from upon th land, [th land] which you [all] ar going ovr th Jordan thr to posss hr. You will not prolong days upon hr prishing, you [all] will prish. If, whn you will hav bgottn childrn and childrn s childrn, and will hav grown old in th land, you corrupt your works, and mak to you an imag or any liknss, and do that which is vil bfor th Lord to provok Him; I attst against you this day th sworn witnsss of th havns and th arth, that prishing you will prish swiftly from th land to possss which you pass th Jordan: you will not lngthn out days upon it, but will b uttrly dstroyd. If you shall bgt sons and grandsons, and abid in th land, and bing dcivd, mak to yourslvs any similitud, committing vil bfor th Lord your God, to

218 Dutronomy Chaptr Pshitta (Syriac) Sptuagint (Grk) Significant diffrncs: provok him to wrath: I call this day havn and arth to witnss, that you shall quickly prish out of th land, which, whn you hav passd ovr th Jordan, you shall possss. You shall not dwll thrin long, but th Lord will dstroy you,... Whn you shall bgt childrn and childrns childrn, and you shall hav rmaind long in th land, and shall corrupt yourslvs and mak imags or th liknss of any thing, and shall do vil in th sight of th LORD your God and provok him to angr; I call havn and arth to witnss against you this day, that you shall soon uttrly prish from off th land which you ar going across th Jordan to possss; you shall not liv long upon it, but shall uttrly b dstroyd. And whn you hav bgottn sons and grandsons, and you hav dwlt a long tim on th land, and hav transgrssd, and mad a gravn imag of any thing, and hav don wickdly bfor th Lord your God to provok Him; I call havn and arth this day to witnss against you, that you shall surly prish from off th land, into which you go across th Jordan to inhrit it thr; you shall not prolong your days upon it, but shall b uttrly cut off. In th first fw phrass, thr ar paralll phrass which nd up having th sam maning (Hbrw: you hav grown old in th land; Syriac: you shall hav rmaind long in th land; Latin: abid in th land). Limitd Vocabulary Translations: Th targum and th Grk hav to provok Him; th Hbrw adds to angr (wrath). In th Hbrw, Moss witnsss against th popl; in th Latin, Syriac and Grk, h calls upon th havns and arth to witnss against thm. Howvr, it is lgitimat in th Hbrw to go with that translation. Th Latin dos not spak as oftn as prishing from th arth as th Hbrw dos. Bibl in Basic English Easy English Easy-to-Rad Vrsion Good Nws Bibl (TEV) If, whn you hav had childrn and childrn's childrn, and hav bn living a long tim in th land, you ar turnd to vil ways, and mak an imag of any sort, and do vil in th ys of th Lord your God, moving him to wrath: May havn and arth b my witnsss against you today, that dstruction will quickly ovrtak you, cutting you off from that land which you ar going ovr Jordan to tak; your days will not b long in that land, but you will com to a complt nd. Evn whn you hav livd in th country for many yars, b carful. Do not start to do wrong things. Whn you hav childrn and grandchildrn, do not mak a fals god in any shap. This would mak th LORD your God angry. I want vryon on arth and in havn to har what I am saying against you today. If you do not oby m, you will soon di. You will not liv long in your country across th Rivr Jordan. Th LORD will lt popl from othr countris kill you. You will liv in th country a long tim. You will hav childrn and grandchildrn thr. You will grow old thr. And thn you will ruin your livs you will mak all kinds of idols! Whn you do that, you will mak God vry angry! So, I am warning you now. Havn and arth ar my witnsss! If you do that vil thing, thn you will quickly b dstroyd! You ar crossing th Jordan Rivr now to tak that land. But if you mak any idols, thn you will not liv thr vry long. No, you will b compltly dstroyd! "Evn whn you hav bn in th land a long tim and hav childrn and grandchildrn, do not sin by making for yourslvs an idol in any form at all. This is vil in th LORD's sight, and it will mak him angry. I call havn and arth as witnsss against you today that, if you disoby m, you will soon disappar from

219 5543 Th Book of Dutronomy Th Mssag Nams of God Bibl NIRV th land. You will not liv vry long in th land across th Jordan that you ar about to occupy. You will b compltly dstroyd. Whn th tim coms that you hav childrn and grandchildrn, put on yars, and start taking things for grantd, if you thn bcom corrupt and mak any carvd imags, no mattr what thir form, by doing what is shr vil in God's ys and provoking his angr-i can tll you right now, with Havn and Earth as witnsss, that it will b all ovr for you. You'll b kickd off th land that you'r about to cross ovr th Jordan to possss. Bliv m, you'll hav a vry short stay thr. You'll b ruind, compltly ruind. Evn whn you hav childrn and grandchildrn and hav grown old in that land, don't bcom corrupt and mak carvd idols or status that rprsnt anything. I call havn and arth as witnsss against you today: [Th first part of vrs 26 (in Hbrw) has bn placd in vrs 25 to xprss th complx Hbrw sntnc structur mor clarly in English.] If you do this thing that Yahwh your Elohim considrs vil, making him furious, you will quickly disappar from th land you'r going to possss on th othr sid of th Jordan Rivr. You won't liv vry long thr. You'll b compltly wipd out. So don't mak a statu of a god. Don't commit that horribl sin. Don't do it vn aftr you hav had childrn and grandchildrn. Don't do it vn aftr you hav livd in th land a long tim. If you do, that will b an vil thing in th sight of th Lord your God. You will mak him angry. Today I'm calling out to th havns and th arth to b witnsss against you. Suppos you do ths things. Thn you will quickly di in th land you ar going across th Jordan Rivr to tak ovr. You won't liv thr vry long. You will crtainly b dstroyd. 27 Th Lord will driv you out of your land. H will scattr you among th nations. Only a fw of you will rmain aliv thr. Thought-for-thought translations; paraphrass: Common English Bibl Contmporary English V. Th Living Bibl Nw Cntury Vrsion Warnings and tachings about futur disobdinc Onc you hav had childrn and grandchildrn and hav grown old on th land, if you ruin things by making an idol, in any form whatsovr, and do what is vil in th ys of th Lord your God and angr him, I call havn and arth as my witnsss against you today: You will dfinitly disappar-and quickly-from th land that you ar crossing ovr th Jordan Rivr to possss. You won't xtnd your tim thr but will instad b totally dstroyd. Soon you will cross th Jordan Rivr and sttl down in th land. Thn in th yars to com, you will hav childrn, and thy will giv you grandchildrn. Aftr many yars, you might los your sns of right and wrong and mak idols, vn though th LORD your God hats thm. So I am giving you fair warning today, and I call th arth and th sky as witnsss. If you vr mak idols, th LORD will b angry, and you won't hav long to liv, bcaus th LORD will lt you b wipd out. "In th futur, whn your childrn and grandchildrn ar born and you hav bn in th land a long tim, and you hav dfild yourslvs by making idols, and th Lord your God is vry angry bcaus of your sin, havn and arth ar witnsss that you shall b quickly dstroyd from th land. Soon now you will cross th Jordan Rivr and conqur that land. But your days thr will b brif; you will thn b uttrly dstroyd. Evn aftr you hav livd in th land a long tim and hav had childrn and grandchildrn, don't do vil things. Don't mak any kind of idol, and don't do what th Lord your God says is vil, bcaus that will mak him angry. If you do, I ask havn and arth to spak against you this day that you will quickly b rmovd from this land that you ar crossing th Jordan Rivr to tak. You will not liv thr long aftr that, but you will b compltly dstroyd.

220 Dutronomy Chaptr Nw Lif Vrsion Nw Living Translation "Whn you bcom th fathr of childrn and grandchildrn and hav grown old in th land, if you bcom sinful and mak a god that looks lik anything, and angr th Lord your God by doing what is bad in His ys, I call havn and arth to spak against you this day. You will soon b dstroyd from th land you ar crossing th Jordan to hav for your own. You will not liv long on it, but will all b dstroyd. "In th futur, whn you hav childrn and grandchildrn and hav livd in th land a long tim, do not corrupt yourslvs by making idols of any kind. This is vil in th sight of th Lord your God and will arous his angr. "Today I call on havn and arth as witnsss against you. If you brak my covnant, you will quickly disappar from th land you ar crossing th Jordan to occupy. You will liv thr only a short tim; thn you will b uttrly dstroyd. Partially litral and partially paraphrasd translations: Amrican English Bibl 'Thn, aftr you hav fathrd sons, thn grown old and had grandchildrn. if you sin and carv imags of things and start acting wickdly toward Jhovah your God and angr Him; I swar bfor havn and arth that you will b dstroyd from th land that you'r going to inhrit across th JorDan. you won't liv to gt any oldr and you'll b cut off! Bck s Amrican Translation Whn you hav childrn and grandchildrn and hav grown old in th land, if you act corruptly and carv an idol, an imag of anything doing what th LORD your God considrs wrong and you vx Him, today I call havn and arth as witnsss against you that you will quickly prish from th land you r crossing th Jordan to tak ovr. You will not liv long in it but will b compltly wipd out. Intrnational Standard V Warnings against Angring God "Aftr you'v born childrn and grandchildrn, hav bn thr for a long tim in th land, hav bcom so corruptd that you mak imags of any form, and hav don vil in th ys of th LORD your God, you will provok him to angr. Havn and arth will tstify against what has occurrdj today: you'll surly and swiftly b dstroyd from th land that you ar about to possss by crossing th Jordan Rivr. You won't liv long in it, bcaus you'll crtainly b xtrminatd. Nw Advnt (Knox) Bibl Sons will spring from you, and bgt sons in thir turn; what if you should go astray, whn you hav bn long sttld in th land, fashion yourslvs som idol, and rous th Lord your God to indignation at th sight of your vil-doing? I call havn and arth to witnss this day; th land which now lis within your grasp, byond Jordan, will soon b yours no longr. Your njoymnt of it will b cut short, and th Lord will mak an nd of you, scattring you ovr th world and laving but a fw of you to liv in a land of xil, whr you must nds worship th gods which mn's hands hav mad, things of wood and ston that cannot s or har, cannot tast or smll. Vv ar includd for contxt. Today s NIV Aftr you hav had childrn and grandchildrn and hav livd in th land a long tim--if you thn bcom corrupt and mak any kind of idol, doing vil in th ys of th LORD your God and arousing his angr, I call th havns and th arth as witnsss against you this day that you will quickly prish from th land that you ar crossing th Jordan to possss. You will not liv thr long but will crtainly b dstroyd. Translation for Translators Whn you hav bn in th land of Canaan for a long tim and you hav childrn and grandchildrn, do not sin by making an idol that rprsnts anything at all, bcaus Yahwh says that is vil, and if you do that, you will caus him to bcom angry with you and punish you. Today I am rqusting vryon who is in havn and vryon who is on th arth [MTY] to watch what you ar doing. If you disoby what I am tlling you, you will soon all di in th land that you will b crossing th

221 5545 Th Book of Dutronomy Jordan Rivr to occupy. You will not liv vry long thr; Yahwh will compltly gt rid of many [HYP] of you. Mostly litral rndrings (with som occasional paraphrasing): Ancint Roots Translinar Frrar-Fnton Bibl Lxham English Bibl NIV, 2011 Whn you bgt sons, and sons's sons, and slp in th land, dstroy th carvings and any pictur mad. Doing vil in th ys of Yahwh your God angrs him. I tstify for you today by th havns and th land, that thr you will hastn your vanishing from ovr th land that you pass th Jordan to possss. You will not lngthn your days ovr it, but will b annihilatd. Whn you hav bgottn childrn and childrn's childrn, and ar in th country, and hav corruptd yourslvs, and mak carvd imags, and do vil in th ys of your EVER-LIVING God, provoking Him ; - I call to witnss to-day th Havns and th Earth to witnss to you, that prishing you shall prish quickly from off th land which you pass ovr th Jordan to possss ; - your tim shall not b prolongd in it ; - but you shall crtainly wast away ;... "Whn you hav had childrn and grandchildrn [Litrally "childrn of childrn"] and you hav grown old in th land and you act corruptly and you mak a divin imag of th form of anything and you do vil in th ys of Yahwh your God, thus provoking him to angr, I call [Or "I shall call to witnss"] to witnss against you today th havn and th arth, that you will prish soon and compltly from th land that you ar crossing th Jordan into it to tak possssion of it; you will not liv long on it [Litrally "you will not xtnd days"], but you will b compltly dstroyd. Aftr you hav had childrn and grandchildrn and hav livd in th land a long tim - if you thn bcom corrupt and mak any kind of idol, doing vil in th ys of th Lord your God and arousing his angr, I call th havns and th arth as witnsss against you this day that you will quickly prish from th land that you ar crossing th Jordan to possss. You will not liv thr long but will crtainly b dstroyd. Catholic Bibls (thos having th imprimatur): Christian Community (1988) Whn you hav childrn and grandchildrn and hav grown old in th land, do not b corruptd by having idols and doing that which offnds Yahwh. If you angr him, you will prish from th land which is going to b yours aftr crossing th Jordan. Havn and arth ar witnss to my warning: you will all b dstroyd. Th Hritag Bibl Whn you bgt sons and grandsons and hav grown old in th land and act corruptly and mak a carvd imag in th form of anything and do vil in th ys of Yahuwah your Eloah to mak Him angry, I call th sky and arth to witnss against you this day that you will soon prish, prish from th land that you cross ovr th Yardn to possss. You will not prolong your days in it and will b dstroyd, dstroyd!. Nw Amrican Bibl (2002) "Whn you hav childrn and grandchildrn, and hav grown old [Grown old: Isral will los th frshnss of its youthful frvor.] in th land, should you thn dgrad yourslvs by fashioning an idol in any form and by this vil don in his sight provok th LORD, your God, I call havn and arth this day to witnss against you, that you shall all quickly prish from th land which you will occupy whn you cross th Jordan. You shall not liv in it for any lngth of tim but shall b promptly wipd out. Nw Amrican Bibl (2011) God's Fidlity and Lov. Whn you hav childrn and childrn's childrn, and hav grown old in th land, should you thn act corruptly by fashioning an idol in th form of anything, and by this vil don in his sight provok th LORD, your God [(4:25-27) Dt 28:64-67.], I call havn and arth this day to witnss against you, that you shall all quickly

222 Dutronomy Chaptr Nw Jrusalm Bibl Nw RSV Rvisd English Bibl prish from th land which you ar crossing th Jordan to possss. You shall not liv in it for any lngth of tim but shall b uttrly wipd out. Dt 30:19; 31:28; 32:1; Isa. 1:2. 'Whn you hav fathrd childrn and grandchildrn and hav grown old in th country, whn you hav grown corrupt and mad som imag, doing what Yahwh rgards as wrong and so provoking his angr today I call havn and arth to witnss against you -- you will quickly vanish from th country which you ar crossing th Jordan to possss. Your days will not b prolongd thr, for you will b uttrly dstroyd. Whn you hav had childrn and childrn's childrn, and bcom complacnt in th land, if you act corruptly by making an idol in th form of anything, thus doing what is vil in th sight of th Lord your God, and provoking him to angr, I call havn and arth to witnss against you today that you will soon uttrly prish from th land that you ar crossing th Jordan to occupy; you will not liv long on it, but will b uttrly dstroyd. Whn you hav childrn and grandchildrn and hav grown old in th land, if you thn fall into th infamous practic of making carvd imags in any form, doing what is wrong in th ys of th LORD your God and provoking him to angr, I summon havn and arth to witnss against you this day: you will soon prish from upon th land which you ar to occupy aftr crossing th Jordan. You will not njoy long lif in it; you will b swpt away. Jwish/Hbrw Nams Bibls: Complt Jwish Bibl xgss companion Bibl JPS (Tanakh 1985) Kaplan Translation "Whn you hav had childrn and grandchildrn, livd a long tim in th land, bcom corrupt and mad a carvd imag, a rprsntation of somthing, and thus don what is vil in th sight of ADONAI your God and provokd him; I call on th sky and th arth to witnss against you today that you will quickly disappar from th land that you ar crossing th Yardn to possss. You will not prolong your days thr but will b compltly dstroyd. Whn you birth sons and sons of sons and lingr in th land and ruin and mak a sculptil or a manifstation and work vil in th ys of Yah Vh your Elohim, to vx him to wrath: I call th havns and arth to witnss against you this day, that in dstructing, you suddnly dstruct from off th land whrunto you pass ovr Yardn to possss; that you prolong not your days thron, but in dsolating, bcom dsolatd:... Whn you hav bgottn childrn and childrn's childrn and ar long stablishd in th land, should you act wickdly and mak for yourslvs a sculpturd imag in any liknss, causing th Lord your God displasur and vxation, I call havn and arth this day to witnss against you that you shall soon prish from th land that you ar crossing th Jordan to possss; you shall not long ndur in it, but shall b uttrly wipd out. Allgianc to God Whn you hav childrn and grandchildrn, and hav bn stablishd in th land for a long tim, you might bcom dcadnt and mak a statu of som imag, committing an vil act in th ys of God your Lord and making Him angry. I call havn and arth as witnsss for you today that you will thn quickly prish from

223 5547 Th Book of Dutronomy Orthodox Jwish Bibl Rstord Nams Vrsion th land that you ar crossing th Jordan to occupy. You will not rmain thr vry long, sinc you will b uttrly dstroyd. Whn thou shalt fathr banim, and bni banim, and y shall hav rmaind long in Ha'Artz, and shall corrupt yourslvs, and mak a psl, or th liknss of anything, and shall do vil in th sight of Hashm Elohicha, to provok Him to angr; I call Shomayim and HaArtz to witnss against you today, that y shall soon uttrly prish from off Ha'Artz whrunto y go ovr Yardn to possss it; y shall not prolong your yamim upon it, but shall b uttrly shmad. Whn you bgt sons and grandsons and hav grown old in th land and act corruptly and mak a carvd imag in th form of anything and do vil in th ys of Yahuwah your Eloah to mak Him angry, I call th sky and arth to witnss against you this day that you will soon prish, prish from th land that you cross ovr th Yardn to possss. You will not prolong your days in it and will b dstroyd, dstroyd! Expandd/Embllishd Bibls: Th Expandd Bibl Evn aftr you hav livd [grown old; or bcom complacnt] in th land a long tim and hav had childrn and grandchildrn, don't do vil things [ruin/dstroy/spoil/corrupt yourslvs]. Don't mak any kind of idol, and don't do L what th Lord your God says is vil [ what is vil/wrong in th ys of th Lord your God], bcaus that will mak him angry. If you do, I ask havn and arth to spak [witnss] against you this day that you will quickly b rmovd from this land that you ar crossing th Jordan Rivr to tak [possss]. You will not liv thr long aftr that, but you will b compltly dstroyd. Krtzmann s Commntary Vrss Th Appal Supportd by a Rfrnc to God's Kindnss Whn thou shalt bgt childrn and childrn's childrn, and y shall hav rmaind long in th land, litrally, bcom old in th land, which would includ th forgtting of th formr acts of God's mrcy, and shall corrupt yourslvs, th first zalous lov for Jhovah having grown cold, and mak a gravn imag, or th liknss of anything, and shall do vil in th sight of th Lord, thy God, to provok Him to angr, I call havn and arth, as living, snsibl craturs, to witnss against you this day that y shall soon uttrly prish from off th land whrunto y go ovr Jordan to possss it; y shall not prolong your days upon it, but shall uttrly b dstroyd. Th witnss summond by Moss would b abl to tstify to th fact that th Lord had givn His popl th choic of lif and dath, Dut. 30:19, and thrfor was fully justifid in punishing unfaithfulnss. NET Bibl Thrat and Blssing following Covnant Disobdinc Aftr you hav producd childrn and grandchildrn and hav bn in th land a long tim [Hb "hav grown old in th land," i.., bn thr for a long tim.], if you bcom corrupt and mak an imag of any kind [Hb "a form of anything." Cf. NAB, NASB, NRSV, TEV "an idol."] and do othr vil things bfor th Lord your God that nrag him, I invok havn and arth as witnsss against you today that you will surly and swiftly b rmovd [Or "b dstroyd"; KJV "uttrly prish"; NLT "will quickly disappar"; CEV "you won't hav long to liv."] from th vry land you ar about to cross th Jordan to possss. You will not last long thr bcaus you will surly b [Or "b compltly" (so NCV, TEV). It is not crtain hr if th infinitiv absolut indicats th crtainty of th following action (cf. NIV) or its dgr.] annihilatd. Th Voic It would b disastrous if, aftr you'v livd in th land for a long tim and had childrn and grandchildrn, you mad an idol in any form. You know th Etrnal your God considrs this an vil thing to do, and it would mak Him furious. I call th havn and th land as witnsss against you today, that if you do this, vn

224 Dutronomy Chaptr Litral, almost word-for-word, rndrings: though you'r going to cross th Jordan and tak possssion of th land, you won't last long on it. You will di quickly-you will crtainly b dstroyd. Concordant Litral Vrsion Contxt Group Vrsion Emphasizd Bibl God s Truth (Tyndal) Nw Europan Vrsion Nw King Jams Vrsion Updatd Bibl Vrsion 2.11 Wbstr s Bibl Translation Whn you bgt sons and sons of sons, and find rpos in th land and thn bcom corrupt and mak a carving, a physical rprsntation of anything, and do vil in th ys of Yahwh your Elohim so as to provok Him to vxation. I tstify against you today by th havns and th arth, that you shall prish, ya prish quickly off th land whr you ar crossing ovr th Jordan to tnant it. You shall not prolong your days on it, for you shall b xtrminatd, ya xtrminatd. Whn you shall fathr sons, and sons of sons, and you {pl} shall hav bn long in th land { or arth }, and shall corrupt yourslvs, and mak a carvd imag in th form of anything, and shall do that which is vil in th sight of YHWH your God, to provok him to angr; I call th skis { or havns } and land { or arth } to witnss against you {pl} this day, that you {pl} shall soon compltly prish from off th land { or arth } to whr you {pl} go ovr th Jordan to possss it; you {pl} shall not prolong your {pl} days on it, but shall b compltly dstroyd. Whn thou shalt bgt sons, and sons sons, and bcom carlss in th land and brak faith and mak an imag th form of any thing, and shalt do th thing that is wickd in th ys of Yahwh thy God provoking him to angr, I tak both th havns and th arth to witnss against you to-day, that y shall, prish, spd, from off th land which y ar passing ovr th Jordan to possss, y shall not prolong your days thrupon; for, y shall surly b laid wast;... If aftr you hav gottn childrn and childrn's childrn and hav dwlt long in th land, you shall mar yourslvs and mak gravn imags aftr th liknss of whatsovr it b, and shall work wickdnss in th sight of th Lord your God, to provok him. I call havn and arth to rcord unto you this day, that you shall shortly prish from off th land *whr you go ovr Jordan to possss it: you shall not prolong your days thrin, but shall shortly b dstroyd. Punishmnts for Idolatry Whn you fathr childrn and childrn's childrn and you hav bn long in th land and corrupt yourslvs and mak an ngravd imag in th form of anything, and do that which is vil in th sight of Yahwh your God, to provok Him to angr, I call havn and arth to witnss against you this day, that you shall soon uttrly prish from off th land you go ovr th Jordan to possss; you shall not prolong your days on it, but shall uttrly b dstroyd. "Whn you bgt childrn and grandchildrn and hav grown old in th land, and act corruptly and mak a carvd imag in th form of anything, and do vil in th sight of th Lord your God to provok Him to angr, I call havn and arth to witnss against you this day, that you will soon uttrly prish from th land which you cross ovr th Jordan to possss; you will not prolong your days in it, but will b uttrly dstroyd. Whn you will bgt sons, and sons of sons, and you+ will hav bn long in th land, and will corrupt yourslvs, and mak a gravn imag in th form of anything, and will do that which is vil in th sight of Yahwh your God, to provok him to angr; I call havn and arth to witnss against you+ this day, that you+ will soon compltly prish from off th land to whr you+ go ovr th Jordan to possss it; you+ will not prolong your+ days on it, but will b compltly dstroyd. Whn thou shalt bgt childrn, and childrn's childrn, and y shall hav rmaind long in th land, and shall corrupt [yourslvs], and mak a gravn imag, [or] th liknss of any [thing], and shall do vil in th sight of th LORD thy God, to provok him to angr: I call havn and arth to witnss against you this day, that

225 5549 Th Book of Dutronomy Young s Updatd LT Th gist of this vrs: y shall soon uttrly prish from th land to which y go ovr Jordan to possss it; y shall not prolong [your] days upon it, but shall b uttrly dstroyd. Whn you fathr sons and sons sons, and you hav bcom old in th land, and hav don corruptly, and hav mad a gravn imag, a similitud of anything, and hav don th vil thing in th ys of Jhovah, to provok Him to angr: I hav causd to tstify against you this day th havns and th arth, that you do prish uttrly hastily from off th land whr you ar passing ovr th Jordan to possss it; you do not prolong days upon it, but ar uttrly dstroyd. Moss warns thm, if aftr living long in th land, that thy turn toward idolatry, that h tstifis to thm that thy will suddnly prish from th Land of Promis. Dutronomy 4:25a Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs kîy (ëìäé) [pronouncd k] for, that, bcaus; whn, at that tim, which, what tim xplanatory or tmporal conjunction; prposition Strong's #3588 BDB #471 yâlad (éèìçã) [pronouncd yaw-lahd] sird, fathrd, bcam th fathr of, bcam th ancstor of; to bcam th foundr of nd 2 prson masculin singular, Hiphil prfct (spcifically with a masculin subjct) Strong s #3205 BDB #408 bânîym (áìèðäéí) [pronouncd baw- NEEM] sons, dscndants; childrn; popl; somtims rndrd mn masculin plural noun Strong s #1121 BDB #119 w (or v ) (åà or åì) [pronouncd wh] and, vn, thn; namly; whn; sinc, that; though; as wll as simpl wâw conjunction No Strong s # BDB #251 bânîym (áìèðäéí) [pronouncd baw- NEEM] sons, dscndants; childrn; popl; somtims rndrd mn masculin plural construct Strong s #1121 BDB #119 bânîym (áìèðäéí) [pronouncd baw- NEEM] sons, dscndants; childrn; popl; somtims rndrd mn masculin plural noun Strong s #1121 BDB #119 w (or v ) (åà or åì) [pronouncd wh] and, vn, thn; namly; whn; sinc, that; though; as wll as simpl wâw conjunction No Strong s # BDB #251 yâshên (éèùåï) [pronouncd yaw- SHAYN] to rmain a long tim; to grow old; to b stord up; to b fstring [with lprosy] nd 2 prson masculin plural, Niphal imprfct Strong's #3462 BDB #445 h b (áìà) [pronouncd b ] in, into, through; at, by, nar, on, upon; with, bfor, against; by mans of; among; within a prposition of proximity Strong s# non BDB #88 rts (àæøæõ) [pronouncd EH-rts] arth (all or a portion throf), land, trritory, country, continnt; ground, soil; undr th ground [Shol] fminin singular noun with th dfinit articl Strong's #776 BDB #75

226 Dutronomy Chaptr Translation: For you [all] will sir sons and sons of sons and you [all] will grow old in [this] land;... To grow (or bcom) old is th word yâshên (éèùåï) [pronouncd yaw-shayn] and, in th Kal and th Pil, it mans to slp (Gn. 2:21 Judgs 16:19 Job 3:13 Jr. 51:39). Th adjctiv (splld th sam as th vocabulary form of th vrb) also prtains to slping (1Sam. 26:7 1Kings 3:20). Howvr, in th Niphal, this word mans old, rmains long, bing stationary or inactiv. Strong's #3462 BDB #445. Th Isralits who stand bfor Moss hav two options: (1) thy can go into th land, possss it, and follow th Lord, growing old in th land; or (2) thy can abandon th Lord and follow aftr idols, and if thy do that, thy will prish in th land. Onc thy tak th land, thy will hav farms, thy will b marrid, thy will hav childrn and thy will hav grand childrn. All of this can b prsrvd by following th Lord. This is a gnration of popl lik no othr; this is a nation lik no othr. Almost ovrnight, thy will go from bing nslavd to living in thir own land (wll, living in God s land). This is prtty much unprcdntd in human history. Dutronomy 4:25b Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs w (or v ) (åà or åì) [pronouncd wh] and, vn, thn; namly; whn; sinc, that; though; as wll as simpl wâw conjunction No Strong s # BDB #251 shâchath (ùèççú) [pronouncd shaw- KHAHTH] to dstroy, to lay wast to, to caus on to go to ruin, to spoil, to ruin; to corrupt [morally], to prvrt nd 2 prson masculin plural, Hiphil prfct Strong's #7843 BDB #1007 w (or v ) (åà or åì) [pronouncd wh] and, vn, thn; namly; whn; sinc, that; though; as wll as simpl wâw conjunction No Strong s # BDB #251 âsâh (òèùéèä) [pronouncd ìaw-sawh] to do, to mak, to construct, to fashion, to form, to prpar, to manufactur; accomplish nd 2 prson masculin plural, Qal prfct Strong's #6213 BDB #793 pçl (ôìæñæì) [pronouncd PEH-cll] sculptd imag, carvd imag, gravn imag, ngravd imag masculin singular noun Strong's #6459 BDB #820 t mûwnâh (úìàîåìðèä) [pronouncd tm-oo- NAW] a form, imag; liknss, rprsntation, similitud, smblanc; somthing portiond out, an undfinabl shap, a manifstation fminin singular construct Strong's #8544 BDB #568 kôl (ëìéì) [pronouncd kohl]; also kol (ëçìì) [pronouncd kol] all, all things, th whol, totality, th ntirty, vrything masculin singular noun without th dfinit articl Strong s #3605 BDB #481 With th ngativ, kôl mans anything. Translation:...but [if] you act corruptly and mak a gravn imag [to worship] of any form... Hr w again hav th word shâchath (ùèççú) [pronouncd shaw-khahth], which mans to dcay, to go to ruin, to corrupt. Hr, in th Hiphil prfct, it mans to hav causd thmslvs to fall into spiritual corruption. Strong's #7843 BDB #1007. Moss knows that in th futur, th Isralits would fall into spiritual dcay through idolatry. Som parnts hav th foolish ida that if thir childrn ar going to do crtain things no mattr what, thn thy ar wasting thir brath to tll thm not to. For instanc, for som parnts, it is a givn that a child at th ag of 18 will go out and

227 5551 Th Book of Dutronomy xprimnt with alcohol with his frinds, so, no mattr what thy say, h is going to do that anyway. Thrfor, thy offr littl or no rsistanc. This may carry ovr into drug usag, sxual xprimntation, driving lik a complt idiot in thir nw car. Moss knows that ths popl will fall into idolatry, but h dos not stop tlling thm what is right and what is wrong. I am spaking to popl who will har ths words and totally ignor thm. Dos this man that I should not tach God's Word? Absolutly not! I hav a rsponsibility, Moss had a rsponsibility, and all parnts hav a rsponsibility. Thr ar tims that w may not b abl to do anything about th bhavior of our childrn still, this dos not lt us off th hook as parnts to provid thm with th bst counsling, th bst parnting and th bst disciplin that w ar capabl of. This is application that you, as an individual, would not hav noticd without a tachr pointing it out to you. This is th scond option, that thy bcom corrupt and mak a gravn imag of som sort to worship. Th Gnva Bibl: [if you act corruptly] Maning hrby all suprstition and corruption of th tru srvic of God. 156 Dutronomy 4:25c Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs w (or v ) (åà or åì) [pronouncd wh] and, vn, thn; namly; whn; sinc, that; though; as wll as simpl wâw conjunction No Strong s # BDB #251 âsâh (òèùéèä) [pronouncd ìaw-sawh] to do, to mak, to construct, to fashion, to form, to prpar, to manufactur; accomplish nd 2 prson masculin plural, Qal prfct Strong's #6213 BDB #793 ra (øçò) [pronouncd rahì] vil, bad, wickd; vil in apparanc, dformd; misry, distrss, injury; that which is displasing [disagrabl, unhappy, unfortunat, sad] masculin singular adjctiv/noun with th dfinit articl Strong s #7451 BDB #948 h b (áìà) [pronouncd b ] in, into, at, by, nar, on, with, bfor, against, by mans of, among, within a prposition of proximity No Strong s # BDB #88 îynêy (é ðé ò. ) [pronouncd ì-nay] ys, two ys, litral y(s), spiritual ys; fac, apparanc, form; surfac fminin dual noun with nd th 2 prson masculin singular suffix Strong s #5869 (and #5871) BDB #744 Togthr, th bêyth prposition and th construct form îynêy (é ðé ò. ) [pronouncd ì-nay], litrally man in th ys of; it can b undrstood to man in th opinion of, in th thinking of, in th stimation of; as ss things to b, in th sight of. YHWH (éäåä) [pronunciation is possibly yhoh-wah] translitratd variously as Jhovah, Yahwh, Y howah propr noun Strong s #3068 BDB #217 Ìlôhîym (àìéääéí) [pronouncd l-o-heem] God; gods, forign gods, god; rulrs, judgs; suprhuman ons, angls; translitratd Elohim masculin plural noun nd with th 2 prson masculin singular suffix Strong's #430 BDB # From accssd April 8, 2015.

228 Dutronomy Chaptr Dutronomy 4:25c Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs lâmd (ìà) [pronouncd l ] to, for, towards, in rgards to dirctional/rlational prposition No Strong s # BDB #510 kâ aç (ëìèòçñ) [pronouncd kaw-ìahs] to vx, to griv; to irritat, to provok [to angr] Hiphil infinitiv construct rd with th 3 prson masculin singular suffix Strong s #3707 BDB #494 Th NET Bibl: Th infinitiv construct is undrstood hr as indicating th rsult, not th intntion, of thir 157 actions. Translation:... you will hav constructd vil in th ys of Y howah your Elohim, [thus] provoking Him to angr. Constructing an idol to worship, is constructing vil in God s ys, and this will provok Him to angr. Th Wlls of Living Watr Commntary: This angr is not a quick, hasty flaring-up and cooling-down kind of angr. It is th angr of condmnation and of judgmnt. Whn w provok Him to angr by 158 our sins, H pours out upon us His holy wrath. Th Wlls of Living Watr Commntary thn adds: "What son is h whom th Fathr dos not chastn?" W may nglct th us of th rod upon our child. God dos not forgt to us it upon us. Isral was scattrd among th nations bcaus Isral sinnd. Oh, what sorrow and what anguish dos sh rap vn now, bcaus of hr iniquity. Lt us bwar lst w also follow aftr th sam 159 xampl of unblif. God has mad Himslf known to this popl as unlik any othr popl. That is what much of this chaptr is all about: You hav sn what your God has don; you hav hard what H has told you so do not follow aftr othr gods. From Dr. Thomas Constabl s commntary: "Not only can th inhritanc b mritd by obdinc, but it can b lost by disobdinc. Evn Moss was xcludd from th land of Canaan (i.., th inhritanc) bcaus of his disobdinc (Dutronomy 4:21-22). Clarly, Moss will b in havn, but h forfitd his arthly inhritanc. Not ntring Canaan dos not ncssarily man on is not born again. "Evn though Isral had bcom God's firstborn son (Exodus 4:22-23), th ntir wildrnss gnration with th xcption of Calb and Joshua forfitd th inhritanc du th firstborn. God disinhritd thm, and thy wandrd in th wildrnss for forty yars." [Not: Josph 160 C. Dillow, Th Rign of th Srvant Kings, p. 50.]. Ptr Ptt: No on was mor awar than Yahwh of th propnsitis of th popl. H had sn it all bfor. So H sks to prvnt failur by th intnsst of warnings. What H dscribd was not a prophcy bfor th vnt, it was just th ncssary and invitabl consqunc of covnant failur, somthing which Moss was himslf xprincing in his own way. (Knowing thir history and th tndncis of man most of us could hav prophsid that in tim Isral would fail. It was hardly thrfor a scrt to God) From accssd April 8, 2015 (footnot). From accssd May 15, From accssd May 15, 2015 (slightly ditd). From accssd May 15, 2015.

229 5553 Th Book of Dutronomy Ptt continus: So H warns thm of th dangr of turning to fals gods in th futur, spcially as manifstd in th making of gravn imags. It may not happn immdiatly, but H is warning futur gnrations, `your childrn, and your childrn's childrn'. Not th sns of th continuity of Isral. Th activity of thir childrn's childrn will b thir action too. If any of thm mak a gravn imag or do what is vil in th sight of Yahwh thn thy must rcognis what th consquncs will b. Thy 161 will provok Him to angr and fac th consquncs. Popl do xrcis ngativ volition and somtims, thr is nothing that can b said or don to chang thir thinking. Frman illustrats that in this way: Th four sasons onc dtrmind to try which could quickst roach th hart of a ston. Spring coaxd th ston with its gntl brzs, and mad flowrs ncircl it, and trs to shoot out thir branchs and mbowr it, but all to no purpos, Th ston rmaind indiffrnt to th bautis of th spring, nor would it yild its hart to its gntl carsss. Summr cam nxt, and causd th sun to shin on th ston, hoping to mlt its obdurat hart; but though th surfac of th ston grw warm, it quickly bcam cold again whn not undr th influnc of th summr sun's rays. Summr thus bing unabl by any dgr of warmth to pntrat th flinty natur of th ston, gav plac to autumn. Bliving that th ston had bn tratd with too much kindnss, th autumn withrd th flowrs and strippd th trs of thir lavs, and thratnd and blustrd, but still th ston rmaind impassiv. Wintr cam nxt. First it snt strong winds, which laid th ston bar, thn it snt a cold rain, and nxt a hard frost, which clavd th ston and laid bar its hart. So many a hart, which nithr gntlnss, warmth, nor thrats can 162 touch, is rachd by advrsity. Moss will now point out what th consquncs ar: Dutronomy 4:26a Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs gûwd (òåìã) [pronouncd ìood] to tak as a witnss, to call [somon] to witnss; to bar witnss, to tstify, to solmnly affirm; to solmnly admonish [or, njoin] st 1 prson singular, Hiphil prfct Strong s #5749 BDB #729 h b (áìà) [pronouncd b ] in, into, at, by, nar, on, with, bfor, against, by mans of, among, within a prposition of proximity nd with th 2 prson masculin plural suffix No Strong s # BDB #88 yôwm (éåéí) [pronouncd yohm] day; tim; today (with a dfinit articl) masculin singular noun with th dfinit articl Strong s #3117 BDB #398 êth (àæç) [pronouncd ayth] Indicats nxt word is th objct of th vrb; somtims translatd to untranslatd mark of a dirct objct Strong's #853 BDB #84 shâmayîm (ùèîçéäí) [pronouncd shaw-mahyim] havn, havns, skis; th visibl havns, as in as abod of th stars or as th visibl univrs, th sky, atmosphr, tc.; Havn (as th abod of God) masculin dual noun Strong s #8064 BDB # From accssd May 13, From accssd May 14, 2015.

230 Dutronomy Chaptr Dutronomy 4:26a Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs w (or v ) (åà or åì) [pronouncd wh] and, vn, thn; namly; whn; sinc, that; though; as wll as simpl wâw conjunction No Strong s # BDB #251 êth (àæç) [pronouncd ayth] Indicats nxt word is th objct of th vrb; somtims translatd to untranslatd mark of a dirct objct Strong's #853 BDB #84 rts (àæøæõ) [pronouncd EH-rts] arth (all or a portion throf), land, trritory, country, continnt; ground, soil; undr th ground [Shol] fminin singular noun with th dfinit articl Strong's #776 BDB #75 Th NET Bibl: I invok havn and arth as witnsss against you. This stock formula introducs what is known form-critically as a øäéá (riv) or controvrsy pattrn. It is commonly usd in th ancint Nar Eastrn world in lgal contxts and in th OT as a fornsic or judicial dvic to draw attntion to Isral s violation of th Lord s covnant with thm (s Dut 30:19; Isa 1:2; 3:13; Jr 2:9). Sinc court procdings rquird th tstimony of witnsss, th Lord hr summons havn and arth (that is, all cration) to tstify to his faithfulnss, Isral s 163 disobdinc, and th thrat of judgmnt. Translation: I call th havns and arth to witnss against you [this] day,... Moss, standing bfor his popl, bars witnss against thm. H calls upon th havns and th arth to bar witnss against thm. This is a mtonym for th anglic craturs of havn and th popl of th arth to bar witnss to th Jws. All th havns and th arth will b witnsss against th Jws if thy turn against God. Thr wr svral occasions whn Moss calld upon havn and arth to bar witnss to th fr will of th Isralits. "I call havn and arth to witnss against you today, that I hav st bfor you lif and dath, th blssing and th curs. So choos lif in ordr that you may liv, you and your dscndants." (Dut. 30:19). "Assmbl to m all th ldrs of your tribs and your officrs, that I may spak ths words in thir haring and call th havns and th arth to witnss against thm. For I know that aftr my dath, you will bcom corrupt and turn from th way which I hav commandd you; and vil will bfall you in th lattr days, for you will do that which is vil in th sight of Y howah, provoking Him to angr with th work of your hands." (Dut. 31:28 29). Th witnss of th havns and th arth was not th witnss of som land and a grat sky, but this was th witnss of man and of angls. All of mankind wr calld to witnss against th Isralits as thy hav accss to God's Word and to ths words in particular; all of anglic cration was asmbld to obsrv Isral and th choics that sh mad. 164 Trasury of Scriptural Knowldg lists a numbr of oath passags: Dut. 30: :28 32:1 Isa. 1:2 Jr. 2:12 6:19 22:29 Ezk. 36:4 Micah 1:2 6:2 Ptr Ptt: Crtain political dcrs discovrd among th Canaanit litratur at Ugarit also calld 165 on havn and arth as witnsss. Havn and arth wr rgularly sn as important witnsss. W hav this sam witnss today. W hav th witnss of th Bibl; and w hav th history of th Jws in th land. Thy ar in complt agrmnt, including God s warnings and thir rmoval from th land. 163 From accssd April 8, 2015 (footnot). 164 Trasury of Scriptural Knowldg; by Cann, Brown, Blayny, Scott, and othrs about 1880, with introduction by R. A. Torry; courtsy of E-sword, Dut. 4: From accssd May 13, 2015.

231 5555 Th Book of Dutronomy Dutronomy 4:26b Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs kîy (ëìäé) [pronouncd k] for, that, bcaus; whn, at that tim, which, what tim xplanatory or tmporal conjunction; prposition Strong's #3588 BDB #471 âbad (àèáçã) [pronouncd b aw -VAHD] to b lost, to los onslf, to wandr; to prish, to b dstroyd; to b rady to prish, to b wrtchd [misrabl or unfortunat] Qal infinitiv absolut Strong's #6 BDB #1 âbad (àèáçã) [pronouncd b aw -VAHD] to b lost, to los onslf, to wandr; to prish, to b dstroyd; to b rady to prish, to b wrtchd [misrabl or unfortunat] nd 2 prson masculin plural, Qal imprfct Strong's #6 BDB #1 mahêr (ðçäåø) [pronouncd mah-hair] quickly, hastily, spdily, soon advrb (this is also usd as a fminin noun); apparntly, this is a Pil infinitiv absolut Strong s #4118 BDB #555 min (îäï) [pronouncd mihn] from, away from, out from, out of from, off, on account of, sinc, abov, than, so that not, byond, mor than prposition of sparation Strong's #4480 BDB #577 al (òçì) [pronouncd ìahl] upon, byond, on, against, abov, ovr, by, bsid prposition of proximity Strong s #5920, #5921 BDB #752 Togthr, thy man from upon, from ovr, from by, from bsid, from attachmnt to, from companionship with, from accompanying [in a protctiv mannr], from adhsion to, from. Som translators rndrd this away from. rts (àæøæõ) [pronouncd EH-rts] arth (all or a portion throf), land, trritory, country, continnt; ground, soil; undr th ground [Shol] fminin singular noun with th dfinit articl Strong's #776 BDB #75 Translation:...that you will surly prish abruptly from upon this land,... Thr ar th doublings of two vrbs in this vrs, making it particularly powrful. Moss tlls thm that thy will prish and that thy will b dstroyd. b To bgin this vrs, w hav th Qal infinitiv absolut and th Qal imprfct of âbad (àèáçã) [pronouncd aw - VAHD] which mans to prish (Lv. 26:38 Esthr 4:16 Jol 1:11) Strong's #6 BDB #1 Th final vrbs of this vrs ar th Niphal infinitiv absolut and th Niphal imprfct of shâmad (ùèîçã) [pronouncd shaw-mahd] and it mans to b xtrminatd, to b dstroyd. Strong's #8045 BDB #1029. Th word translatd arth and thn land ar th xact sam word; howvr, a consistnt translation in this vrs would sound funny to us. Whn th Jws will turn to th rligion of thos around thm, God will rmov thm from th land. Moss tlls thm, If you ar not carful and if you do not follow th Lord, you will prish from this land. God is giving this land to you now, but you can los it through prsonal corruption. Moss is th corrct prson to warn thm about all of this. H disobyd God and h will b kpt from vr ntring th land.

232 Dutronomy Chaptr Dutronomy 4:26c Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs ãshr (àâéùæø) [pronouncd uh-sher] that, which, whn, who, whom; whr rlativ pronoun Strong's #834 BDB #81 attm (àçúìæí) [pronouncd aht-tem] you all, you guys, you (oftn, th vrb to b is implid) nd 2 prson masculin plural, prsonal pronoun Strong s #859 BDB #61 âbar (òèáçø) [pronouncd b ìaw -VAHR] passing by, passing through; passing ovr masculin plural, Qal activ participl Strong s #5674 BDB #716 êth (àæç) [pronouncd ayth] Indicats nxt word is th objct of th vrb; somtims translatd to untranslatd mark of a dirct objct Strong's #853 BDB #84 Yâr dên (éèøàãåï) [pronouncd yar -DAYN] dscndr; flowing downward; th watring plac; translitratd Jordan propr noun with th dfinit articl Strong s #3383 BDB #434 shâm (ùèí) [pronouncd shawm] thr; at that tim, thn; thrin, in that thing advrb with th dirctional hê Strong s #8033 BDB #1027 This simply mans thr; hê acts almost lik a dmonstrativ. lâmd (ìà) [pronouncd l ] to, for, towards, in rgards to dirctional/rlational prposition No Strong s # BDB #510 yârash ( éèøç) [pronouncd yaw-rash] to possss, to tak possssion of, to occupy a gographical ara [by driving out th prvious occupants], to tak possssion of anyon [or thir goods]; to inhrit, to possss; to xpl, to driv out Qal infinitiv construct rd with th 3 prson fminin singular suffix Strong s #3423 BDB #439 Translation:...[th land] which you ar going ovr th Jordan [Rivr] to possss. Th land that Moss rfrs to, of cours, is th land which Isral will tak and thn occupy. Dutronomy 4:26d Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs lô (ìéà or ìåéà) [pronouncd low] not, no ngats th word or action that follows; th absolut ngation Strong s #3808 BDB #518 ârak ( àèøç) [pronouncd aw-rahk] to prolong [days]; to mak [tnt cords] long; to grow long, to continu long, to liv long nd 2 prson masculin plural, Hiphil imprfct Strong s #748 BDB #73 yâmîym (éèîäéí) [pronouncd yaw- MEEM] days, a st of days; tim of lif, liftim; a spcific tim priod, a yar masculin plural noun Strong s #3117 BDB #398

233 5557 Th Book of Dutronomy Dutronomy 4:26d Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs al (òçì) [pronouncd ìahl] upon, byond, on, against, abov, ovr, by, bsid prposition of proximity rd with th 3 prson fminin singular suffix Strong s #5920, #5921 BDB #752 kîy (ëìäé) [pronouncd k] for, that, bcaus; whn, at that tim, which, what tim xplanatory or tmporal conjunction; prposition Strong's #3588 BDB #471 âbad (àèáçã) [pronouncd b aw -VAHD] to b lost, to los onslf, to wandr; to prish, to b dstroyd; to b rady to prish, to b wrtchd [misrabl or unfortunat] Qal infinitiv absolut Strong's #6 BDB #1 âbad (àèáçã) [pronouncd b aw -VAHD] to b lost, to los onslf, to wandr; to prish, to b dstroyd; to b rady to prish, to b wrtchd [misrabl or unfortunat] nd 2 prson masculin plural, Qal imprfct Strong's #6 BDB #1 Translation: [If you do ths things], you will not prolong your days in th land [lit., upon it] you will undoubtdly prish. Moss tlls thm, I can guarant you, that if you fall into idolatry, you will suddnly b rmovd from this land. As has bn pointd out in this contxt, on of th things which will lad th sons of Isral astray will b fals rligion. "For thy will turn your sons away from following M to srv othr gods; thn th angr of Y howah will b kindld against you, and H will quickly dstroy you." (Dut. 7:4). "And it will com to pass if you vr forgt Y howah your God, and go aftr othr gods and srv thm and worship thm, I tstify against you today that you will surly prish. Lik th nations that Y howah maks to prish bfor you, so you will prish; bcaus you would not listn to th voic of Y howah your God." (Dut. 8:19 20). Ptr Ptt: Judgmnt would b crtain. No mor solmn witnss could hav bn calld for, for havn and arth includs all that is in thm. Moss was calling on th whol of cration to bar witnss, just as in paralll tratis th gods wr invokd as witnsss. And what wr thy to witnss? Thy wr to witnss God's dclaration of th consquncs for thos who so sinnd. That such would soon uttrly prish from th land. Rathr than prolonging thir days on th land thy would b uttrly dstroyd. This was alrady intndd to b th Canaanit's fat. It had bn th fat of thir own fathrs. In on sns it was Moss' fat (h had a harsh lsson in front of his vry ys). If thy wr unfaithful to th covnant it would also b thirs. Th land would not hold thos who wr unfaithful. That this was dlayd whn th invitabl happnd and thy dsrtd Yahwh was not bcaus of any failur on God's part, but bcaus H displayd with thm th longsuffring that H 166 had displayd with th Canaanits. Throughout Scriptur, Isral is warnd about th punishmnt that God will put upon thm. Th Trasury of 167 Scriptural Knowldg lists ths passags: Dut. 29:28 Lv. 18:28 26:31 35 Joshua 23:16 Isa. 6:11 24:1 3 Jr. 44:22 Ezk. 33:28 Luk 21: From accssd May 13, Trasury of Scriptural Knowldg; by Cann, Brown, Blayny, Scott, and othrs about 1880, with introduction by R. A. Torry; courtsy of E-sword, Dut. 4:26.

234 Dutronomy Chaptr And has scattrd Y howah you [all] in th popls and you hav bn lft fw mn of numbr in th nations, which is driving Y howah you [all] thr. Dutronomy 4:27 Y howah has scattrd you [all] among th popls and you will b lft fw in numbr among th nations, whr Y howah [might] driv you. You fac th risk that Jhovah will scattr you among th popls, whr you will b fw in numbr in ths nations whr Jhovah drivs you. Hr is how othrs hav translatd this vrs: Ancint txts: Masortic Txt (Hbrw) Targum of Onklos Latin Vulgat Pshitta (Syriac) Sptuagint (Grk) Significant diffrncs: And has scattrd Y howah you [all] in th popls and you hav bn lft fw mn of numbr in th nations, which is driving Y howah you [all] thr. And th Lord will scattr you among th Gntils, and you will rmain as a littl popl with th nations among whom th Lord will disprs you in captivity. And scattr you among all nations, and you shall rmain a fw among th nations, to which th Lord shall lad you. And th LORD shall scattr you among th nations, and you shall b lft fw in numbr among th nations whr th LORD your God shall scattr you. And th Lord shall scattr you among all nations, and you shall b lft fw in numbr among all th nations, among which th Lord shall bring you. Th Hbrw has th propr nam for God in th first phras; th Latin dos not. Th English translation from th targum of th final phras sms slightly diffrnt from th Hbrw. Limitd Vocabulary Translations: Bibl in Basic English Easy English Easy-to-Rad Vrsion Th Mssag Nams of God Bibl NIRV And th Lord will snd you wandring among th popls; only a small band of you will b kpt from dath among th nations whr th Lord will snd you. H will snd you away to liv in othr countris. Only a fw of you will stay aliv in th countris whr th LORD snds you. Th Lord will scattr you among th nations. And only a fw of you will b lft aliv to go to th countris whr th Lord will snd you. GOD will scattr you far and wid; a fw of you will surviv hr and thr in th nations whr God will driv you. Yahwh will scattr you among th popl of th world, and only a fw of you will b lft among th nations whr Yahwh will forc you to liv. Th LORD will driv you out of your land. H will scattr you among th nations. Only a fw of you will rmain aliv thr. Thought-for-thought translations; paraphrass: Common English Bibl Contmporary English V. Nw Cntury Vrsion Nw Lif Vrsion Th LORD will scattr you among th nations. Only a vry fw of you will surviv in th countris whr th LORD will drag you. Only a fw of you will surviv, and th LORD will forc you to lav th land and will scattr you among th nations. Th LORD will scattr you among th othr nations. Only a fw of you will b lft aliv, and thos fw will b in othr nations whr th LORD will snd you. Th LORD will sprad you out among th nations. And thr will not b many of you lft among th nations whr th LORD will driv you.

235 5559 Th Book of Dutronomy Nw Living Translation For th LORD will scattr you among th nations, whr only a fw of you will surviv. Partially litral and partially paraphrasd translations: Amrican English Bibl Intrnational Standard V Today s NIV Translation for Translators Thn Jhovah will scattr you among all th nations and you will bcom th minority among all th [popl] whrvr Jhovah snds you. Morovr, th LORD will scattr you among th nations, and you'll b fwr in numbr in th nations whr th LORD your God will driv you. Th LORD will scattr [S Lv 26:33 ; Dt 28:36,64 ; 29:28 ; 1Ki 8:46 ; 2Ki 17:6 ; Ps 44:11 ; 106:27 ; Jr 3:8 ; Mic 1:16 N 1:8] you among th popls, and only a fw of you will surviv [Isa 17:6 ; 21:17 ; Ob 1:5] among th nations to which th LORD will driv you. And th rst of you, Yahwh will forc you to go and liv among th popl of many othr nations. Only a fw of you will surviv/rmain aliv thr. Mostly litral rndrings (with som occasional paraphrasing): Ancint Roots Translinar Frrar-Fnton Bibl Jubil Bibl 2000 Lxham English Bibl NIV UK Yahwh will scattr you with th popls, and you will rmain numbrd prsons thr in th nations to which Yahwh drivs you....and th EVER-LIVING will scattr you among th nations, and your rmnant shall di as a numbr among th nations whr th EVER-LIVING has drivn you. And th LORD shall scattr you among th popls, and y shall b lft fw in numbr among th Gntils, unto whom th LORD shall tak you. And Yahwh will scattr you among th popls, and you will b lft fw in numbr [Litrally "popl of numbr," as opposd to popl without numbr] among th nations to whr Yahwh will lad you [Litrally "h will lad Yahwh you thr"]. Th LORD will scattr you among th popls, and only a fw of you will surviv among th nations to which th LORD will driv you. Catholic Bibls (thos having th imprimatur): Christian Community (1988) Th Hritag Bibl Nw Amrican Bibl (2011) Nw Jrusalm Bibl Nw RSV Yahwh will scattr you among th popls and only a fw of you will rmain among th nations whr Yahwh will bring you. And Jhovah shall forcibly scattr you among th popls, and you shall b lft fw adult mn in numbr among th popls whr Jhovah shall driv you. Th LORD will scattr you among th popls, and thr shall rmain but a handful of you among th nations to which th LORD will driv you. Yahwh will scattr you among th popls, and only a small numbr of you will rmain among th nations whr Yahwh will hav drivn you. Th LORD will scattr you among th popls; only a fw of you will b lft among th nations whr th Lord will lad you. Jwish/Hbrw Nams Bibls: Complt Jwish Bibl xgss companion Bibl JPS (Tanakh 1985) ADONAI will scattr you among th popls; and among th nations to which ADONAI will lad you away, you will b lft fw in numbr....and Yah Vh scattr you among th nations and you b fw mn in numbr of th popl who surviv, whr Yah Vh drivs you. Th Lord will scattr you among th popls, and only a scant fw of you shall b lft among th nations to which th Lord will driv you.

236 Dutronomy Chaptr Kaplan Translation Orthodox Jwish Bibl God will thn scattr you among th nations, and only a small numbr will rmain among th nations to which God will lad you. And Hashm shall scattr you among th amim; y shall b lft fw in numbr among th Goyim, whr Hashm shall lad you. Expandd/Embllishd Bibls: Th Expandd Bibl Th Gnva Bibl Krtzmann s Commntary NET Bibl Th Voic Th Lord will scattr you among th othr nations. Only a fw of you will b lft aliv, and thos fw will b in othr nations whr th Lord will snd [lad] you. And th LORD shall [So that his curs shall mak his formr blssings of no ffct.] scattr you among th popl, and y shall b lft fw in numbr among th nations, whr th LORD shall bring you;... And th Lord shall scattr you among th nations, and y shall b lft fw in numbr among th hathn, whr th Lord shall lad you, Lv. 26:33. All th judgmnts of th Lord upon His disobdint popl ar hr includd, down to th tim of th Romans and th dstruction of Jrusalm in 70 A.D. Thn th Lord will scattr you among th popls and thr will b vry fw of you [Hb "you will b lft mn (i.., fw) of numbr."] among th nations whr th Lord will driv you. Th Etrnal will scattr what's lft of you among all th othr nations. Only a fw of you will b lft in ach of th nations H taks you to. Litral, almost word-for-word, rndrings: Concordant Litral Vrsion Contxt Group Vrsion Darby Translation Emphasizd Bibl English Standard Vrsion Grn s Litral Translation God s Truth (Tyndal) Updatd Bibl Vrsion 2.11 Wbstr s Bibl Translation Young s Updatd LT Th gist of this vrs: Yahwh will caus you to scattr among th popls, and you will rmain adult mals of a small numbr among th nations whr Yahwh shall lad you. And YHWH will scattr you {pl} among th popls, and you {pl} shall b lft fw in numbr among th nations, whr YHWH shall lad you {pl} away. And Jhovah will scattr you among th popls, and y shall b lft a small company [Lit. 'mn of numbr,' or 'that can b numbrd:' a usual idiom; s Gn ; 1Chron ; Ps ; and cf. ch. 33.6; Jr ] among th nations to which Jhovah will lad you....and Yahwh will scattr you among th popls, and y shall hav lft rmaining of you mn asily countd, among th nations whr Yahwh will driv you;... And th LORD will scattr you among th popls, and you will b lft fw in numbr among th nations whr th LORD will driv you. And Jhovah shall scattr you among th popls, and you shall b lft fw in numbr among th nations to which Jhovah shall lad you away. And Jhovah will scattr you among th popls, and y shall b lft a small company among th nations to which Jhovah will lad you. And Yahwh will scattr you+ among th popls, and you+ will b lft fw in numbr among th nations, whr Yahwh will lad you+ away. And th LORD shall scattr you among th nations, and y shall b lft fw in numbr among th hathn, whr th LORD shall lad you. And Jhovah has scattrd you among th popls, and you [all] hav bn lft fw in numbr among th nations, whr Jhovah lads you. If th Isralits turn away from God, thy will b scattrd among th nations and thy will b fw in numbr.

237 5561 Th Book of Dutronomy Dutronomy 4:27a Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs w (or v ) (åà or åì) [pronouncd wh] and, vn, thn; namly; whn; sinc, that; though; as wll as simpl wâw conjunction No Strong s # BDB #251 pûwts (ôìåìõ) [pronouncd poots] to scattr, to snd abroad; to agitat [harass] [anyon]; to pour out [usd mtaphorically of angr]; to sprad onslf abroad; to caus [things] to b scattrd [disprsd] rd 3 prson masculin singular, Hiphil prfct Strong s #6327 BDB #806 YHWH (éäåä) [pronunciation is possibly yhoh-wah] translitratd variously as Jhovah, Yahwh, Y howah propr noun Strong s #3068 BDB #217 êth (àæç) [pronouncd ayth] you; untranslatd mark of a dirct objct; occasionally to you, toward you sign of th dirct objct nd affixd to a 2 prson masculin plural suffix Strong's #853 BDB #84 h b (áìà) [pronouncd b ] in, into, at, by, nar, on, with, bfor, against, by mans of, among, within a prposition of proximity No Strong s # BDB #88 ammîym (òçîìäéí) [pronouncd ìahm- MEEM] popls, nations; tribs [of Isral]; rlativs of anyon masculin plural collctiv noun with th dfinit articl Strong s #5971 BDB #766 Translation: Y howah has scattrd you [all] among th popls... Moss warns th Jws that God will scattr thm among th othr popl (which God vntually did do). If thy rjctd God, God would rjct thm. Ptr Ptt: Th rsult of rbllion would b that thy would b scattrd among th nations (compar Dutronomy 28:64; Lviticus 26:33), as thos who rblld against God at Babl wr so scattrd (Gnsis 11:8), and as th Canaanits bfor Isral in th land wr to b drivn out and thus scattrd (Exodus 23:28-31). And thy would b dcimatd so that thy wr fw in numbr. Fw in numbr is th opposit stat to bing as th stars of havn for multitud (Dutronomy 1:10; Dutronomy 10:22). Compar hr Dutronomy 28:62. This would b thir punishmnt. It was th invitabl consqunc for popls drivn from thir own countris in all dirctions. Disas, th sword and starvation would follow invitably for many as thy bcam rfugs whrvr thy wr, sking a plac to rst. Thr is no thought hr of th Exil. Th thought is rathr of th practical 168 ffct of bing drivn out of th land, sking rfug in many countris. This warning is a thm of th prophts to Isral. Th Pulpit Commntary: How rmarkably has this tstimony bn fulfilld in th rooting out of both Judah and Isral from thir own land; in thir scattring throughout th nations, in vry rgion and country undr havn; in thir prsrvation amidst all vicissituds as a distinct popl; in th conformity to alin worships, customs, and blifs, to which thy hav so oftn bn complld; in th misris and indignitis which thy hav ndurd! Surly w ar ntitld to ask from th unblivr 168 From accssd May 13, 2015.

238 Dutronomy Chaptr that h should giv us, whn rjcting rvlation, som satisfactory xplanation of ths 169 coincidncs. Dutronomy 4:27b Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs w (or v ) (åà or åì) [pronouncd wh] and, vn, thn; namly; whn; sinc, that; though; as wll as simpl wâw conjunction No Strong s # BDB #251 shâ ar (ùèàçø) [pronouncd shaw-ahr] to rmain, to b lft ovr nd 2 prson masculin plural, Niphal prfct Strong s #7604 BDB #983 math (îçú) [pronouncd math] mal, man, mal offspring; fw, fw mn howvr, thr is not an mphasis hr upon sx or gndr masculin plural construct Strong s #4962 BDB #607 miç phâr (îéñàôèø) [pronouncd mis -FAWR numbr, countd, numrical total; a rcounting, a narration masculin singular noun Strong s #4557 BDB #708 h b (áìà) [pronouncd b ] in, into, at, by, nar, on, with, bfor, against, by mans of, among, within a prposition of proximity No Strong s # BDB #88 gôwyîm (âìåééäí) [pronouncd goh-yihm] Gntils, [Gntil] nations, popl, popls, nations masculin plural noun nd with th 2 prson masculin singular suffix Strong s #1471 BDB #156 Also splld gôwyîym (âåééäéí) [pronouncd goh-yeem]. Translation:...and you will b lft fw in numbr among th nations,... This is in contrast to having sons and grandsons. Thy will b fw in numbr. Thr will b Jws throughout th world, but thr will not b many of thm. Th Pulpit Commntary: Th history of th Jws is an unanswrabl argumnt in favor of th truth of prophcy and th rality of Divin rvlation. Th singularity of that history is such as can only b fully accountd for on th ida of a suprnatural Providnc intrsting itslf in thir fortuns; but th strangst fact is in that, thir own sacrd books, this wondrful history is prdictd with minut prcision. Th Book of Dutronomy furnishs a sris of ths prdictions, th xtraordinary charactr of which is not rmovd by any dat to which th book may b assignd. W may rad this 170 passag first as a prophcy, thn as a warning. I bliv th corrct rndring of this vrs allows us a brif asid. Th mn of counting (indicating a small population) rfrs to thos who rmain in th land, not to thos who ar among th nations. This vrs bgins with Y howah scattring th Jws among th popls, mntions that thr will b only a countabl numbr lft in th land, and rsums with th scattring in th nations. That is, fw in numbr dos not prtain to th numbr of Isralits found in th nations to but to th numbr of Isralits who rmain in th land God gav thm. God will, on svral occasions, driv th Jws out of th land, for a varity of rasons, on of which is idolatry. This is marvlous to s this particular prophcy givn prior vn to thir ntranc into th Land of Promis. "Morovr, Y howah will scattr you among all popls, from on nd of th arth to th othr nd of th arth; 169 Th Pulpit Commntary; ; by Josph S. Exll, Hnry Donald Mauric Spnc-Jons, from -sword, Dut. 4: Th Pulpit Commntary; ; by Josph S. Exll, Hnry Donald Mauric Spnc-Jons, from -sword, Dut. 4:23.

239 5563 Th Book of Dutronomy and thr you will srv othr gods, [gods of] wood and ston, which you or your fathrs hav not known. And among thos nations you will find no rst, and thr will b no rsting plac for th sol of your foot; but thr Y howah will giv you a trmbling hart, failing of ys, and dspair of soul." (Dut. 28:64 65) "Whn thy sin against You (for thr is no man who dos not sin) and You ar angry with thm and you hav dlivrd thm to an nmy, so that thy tak thm away captiv to th land of th nmy, far off or nar; if thy tak thought in th land whr thy hav bn takn captiv, and chang thir minds and mak supplication to You in th land of thos who hav takn thm captiv, saying 'W hav sinnd and hav committd iniquity; w hav actd wickdly.' If you rturn to You will all thir hart and with all thir soul in th land of thir nmis who hav takn thm captiv, and pray to You toward thir land which You hav givn to thir fathrs, th city which You hav chosn, and th hous which I hav built for Your nam, thn har thir prayr and thir supplication in havn, Your dwlling plac, and maintain thir caus, and forgiv Your popl who hav sinnd against You and all thir transgrssions which thy hav committd against You, and mak thm [objcts of] compassion bfor thos who hav takn thm captiv, that thy may hav compassion on thm for thy ar Your popl and Your inhritanc which You hav brought forth from Egypt, from th midst of th iron furnac." (1Kings 8:46 51; s also Lv. 26:27 35 Dut. 29: Kings 17:5 20 Psalm 106:24 27 Micah 1:16). As our nation bcoms mor corrupt, w may vn find ourslvs invadd and scattrd. With God's truth coms a grat dal of rsponsibility. You may point out that th Jws ar in th land now. You ar mistakn; a vry small prcntag of th population of Jws ar in th land and thy fac continual bloodshd and difficulty; and thir land is no longr a land flowing with milk and hony. Whn God brings thm back into th land, thn, aftr svn yars, w will s grat pac and prosprity. What w hav thr is a population of Jws just as w hav such a population found in almost vry nation undr th havns. Thr will b no pac for thm in that land and thr will b no prosprity in that land. Don't misundrstand m w ar not to add to thir difficultis, unlss w dsir svr disciplin from God. Evn though th Ag of Isral has bn suspndd for a tim, God will still disciplin us for anti-smitism. Dutronomy 4:27c Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs ãshr (àâéùæø) [pronouncd uh-sher] that, which, whn, who, whom; whr rlativ pronoun Strong's #834 BDB #81 nâhag (ðèäçâ) [pronouncd naw-hahg] to driv away, to caus to driv away; to lad on [off], to guid rd 3 prson masculin singular, Pil imprfct Strong s #5090 BDB #624 YHWH (éäåä) [pronunciation is possibly yhoh-wah] translitratd variously as Jhovah, Yahwh, Y howah propr noun Strong s #3068 BDB #217 êth (àæç) [pronouncd ayth] you; untranslatd mark of a dirct objct; occasionally to you, toward you sign of th dirct objct nd affixd to a 2 prson masculin plural suffix Strong's #853 BDB #84 shâm (ùèí) [pronouncd shawm] thr; at that tim, thn; thrin, in that thing advrb with th dirctional hê Strong s #8033 BDB #1027 This simply mans thr; hê acts almost lik a dmonstrativ. It appars that ãshr, latr followd by shâm, can b translatd whr. Translation:...whr Y howah [might] driv you. Thy would b fw in numbr whr God drivs thm to. V. 27 rads: Y howah has scattrd you [all] among th popls and you will b lft fw in numbr among th nations, whr Y howah [might] driv you. This stands tru to this day.

240 Dutronomy Chaptr And [out of this land], you [all] will srv And you [all] hav srvd gods [= lohim], a [phony] gods [= lohim], [which ar] th work of [two] hands of man, wood and ston, Dutronomy works of man s hands, [mad of] wood and which cannot s and cannot har and 4:28 ston, which [gods] cannot s and cannot cannot at and cannot smll. har and cannot at and cannot smll. And whn you ar thrown out of th land, you will srv ths phony gods which ar simply mad from wood and ston by mn ths idols cannot s, har, at or smll. Thy ar altogthr uslss! Hr is how othrs hav translatd this vrs: Ancint txts: Masortic Txt (Hbrw) Targum of Onklos Latin Vulgat Pshitta (Syriac) Sptuagint (Grk) Significant diffrncs: And you [all] hav srvd gods [= lohim], a work of [two] hands of man, wood and ston, which cannot s and cannot har and cannot at and cannot smll. And thr will you b constraind to srv th worshipprs of idols, th work of mn's hands, of wood and ston, which s not, nor har, nor at, nor smll. And thr you shall srv gods, that wr framd with mn's hands: wood and ston, that nithr s, nor har, nor at, nor smll. And thr you shall srv gods, th work of mns hands, of wood and ston, which nithr s nor har nor at nor smll. And thr you shall srv othr gods, th works of th hands of mn, wood and stons, which cannot s, nor can thy har, nor at, nor smll. Th targum has som additional txt. Limitd Vocabulary Translations: Bibl in Basic English Easy English Easy-to-Rad Vrsion Th Mssag Nams of God Bibl Nw Simplifid Bibl Thr you will b th srvants of gods, mad by mn's hands, of wood and ston, having no powr of sing or haring or taking food or smlling. Thr you will oby gods that mn hav mad out of wood and ston. Ths gods cannot s or har. Thy cannot us thir mouths or thir noss. Thr you will srv gods mad by mn things mad of wood and ston that can t s or har or at or smll! Thr you can worship your hommad gods to your harts' contnt, your wondrful gods of wood and ston that can't s or har or at or smll. Thr you will worship woodn and ston gods mad by human hands. Ths gods can't s, har, at, or smll.»you will srv gods that ar th work of mn's hands. Mad of wood and ston. Thy cannot s, har, at or smll. Thought-for-thought translations; paraphrass: Common English Bibl Contmporary English V. Th Living Bibl Nw Lif Vrsion Thr you will worship othr [LXX; MT lacks othr.] gods, mad of wood and ston by human hands-gods that cannot s, listn, at, or smll. Thr you will hav to worship gods mad of wood and ston, and ths ar nothing but idols that can't s or har or at or smll. Thr, far away, you will worship idols mad from wood and ston, idols that nithr s nor har nor at nor smll. Thr you will work for gods mad by man's hands out of wood and ston. Thy do not s or har or at or smll.

241 5565 Th Book of Dutronomy Nw Living Translation Thr, in a forign land, you will worship idols mad from wood and ston-gods that nithr s nor har nor at nor smll. Partially litral and partially paraphrasd translations: Amrican English Bibl Intrnational Standard V Translation for Translators And thr you will srv othr gods that mn mak with thir hands from wood and stons. gods that can't s, har, at, or smll. Thr you'll srv gods mad by human hands, srvingk trs and stons that cannot s, har, at, nor smll. Whn you ar in thos nations, you will worship gods that ar mad of wood and ston, gods mad by humans, gods that cannot s anything or har anything or at anything or smll anything. Mostly litral rndrings (with som occasional paraphrasing): Ancint Roots Translinar Frrar-Fnton Bibl Lxham English Bibl NIV UK You will srv th gods thr, th handiwork of human hands, wood and ston, which s not, har not, at not, and nvr inhal. And you shall thr srv gods mad by human hands! - of wood, and ston ; who cannot s, or har, or at, or brath! And you will thr srv gods mad by human hands [Litrally "th work of th hands of human"], of wood and ston, gods that cannot s and cannot har and cannot at and cannot smll. Thr you will worship man-mad gods of wood and ston, which cannot s or har or at or smll. Catholic Bibls (thos having th imprimatur): Christian Community (1988) Thr you will b obligd to srv thir gods, gods mad by human hands, gods of wood and ston, which do not s or har, or at or fl. Th Hritag Bibl And thr you shall srv gods, th work of mn s hands, wood and ston, which do not s, and do not har, and do not at, and do not smll. Nw Amrican Bibl (2002) Thr you shall srv gods fashiond by th hands of man out of wood and ston, gods which can nithr s nor har, nithr at nor smll. Nw Amrican Bibl (2011) Thr you shall srv gods that ar works of human hands, of wood and ston, gods which can nithr s nor har, nithr at nor smll. Dt 28:64; 29:17; Lv. 26:30-39; Ps 115:4-8; 135:15-18; Is 44:9-20. Nw Jrusalm Bibl Thr you will srv gods mad by human hand, of wood and of ston, that cannot s or har, at or smll. Nw RSV Thr you will srv othr gods mad by human hands, objcts of wood and ston that nithr s, nor har, nor at, nor smll. Jwish/Hbrw Nams Bibls: xgss companion Bibl JPS (Tanakh 1985) Kaplan Translation Orthodox Jwish Bibl And thr you srv lohim, th work of human hands - timbr and ston, which nithr s nor har nor at nor scnt.. Thr you will srv man-mad gods of wood and ston, that cannot s or har or at or smll. Thr you will srv gods that mn hav mad out of wood and ston, which cannot s, har, at or smll. And thr y shall srv lohim, th work of mn's hands, tz (wood) and vn (ston), which nithr s, nor har, nor at, nor smll. Expandd/Embllishd Bibls:

242 Dutronomy Chaptr Th Expandd Bibl Krtzmann s Commntary Th Voic L Thr you will worship [srv] gods mad by popl [ human hands], gods mad of wood and ston, that cannot s, har, at, or smll. And thr, in th captivity and in th final disprsal among th nations, y shall srv gods, th work of mn's hands, wood and ston, which nithr s, nor har, nor at, nor smll, Psalm 115:4-5; Psalm 135:15-16; Isa. 44:9; Isa. 46:7. Having rjctd Jhovah, thy would find thmslvs condmnd by Him in bing givn up to th foolishnss of thir idolatrous harts. And thr you will worship uslss itms mad of wood and ston carvd by human bings, so-calld "gods" that can't s or har or at or sml. Litral, almost word-for-word, rndrings: Concordant Litral Vrsion Contxt Group Vrsion English Standard Vrsion Grn s Litral Translation God s Truth (Tyndal) Young s Updatd LT Th gist of this vrs: And thr you will srv othr lohim, th work of human hands, of wood and ston which ar nithr sing nor haring, nithr ating nor smlling. And thr you {pl} shall srv gods, th work of man's hands, wood and ston, which nithr s, nor har, nor at, nor smll. And thr you will srv gods of wood and ston, th work of human hands, that nithr s, nor har, nor at, nor smll. And thr you shall srv othr gods, th work of man's hands, wood and ston, which cannot s, nor har, nor at, nor smll. And th Lord shall scattr you among nations, and you shall b lft fw in numbr among th popl whr th Lord shall bring you: and thr you shall srv gods which ar th works of mans hand, wood and ston which nithr s nor har nor at nor smll. V. 27 is includd for contxt. And you [all] hav srvd thr gods, work of man s hands, wood and ston, which s not, nor har, nor at, nor smll. In ths othr lands, th Jws would find thmslvs srving othr gods, thos mad by mn s hands. Dutronomy 4:28a Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs w (or v ) (åà or åì) [pronouncd wh] and, vn, thn; namly; whn; sinc, that; though; as wll as simpl wâw conjunction No Strong s # BDB #251 âbad (òèáçã) [pronouncd b ìaw -VAHD] to work, to srv, to labor; to b a slav to nd 2 prson masculin plural, Qal prfct Strong's #5647 BDB #712 ìlôhîym (àìéääéí) [pronouncd l-o-heem] gods, forign gods, god; God; rulrs, judgs; suprhuman ons, angls; translitratd lohim, Elohim masculin plural noun Strong's #430 BDB #43 Contxt invitably tlls us whthr this is th God, th Crator of th Univrs, or forign gods, which ar th rsult of frtil imagination at bst and rprsntativ of dmons at worst. Thy ar distinguishd in a varity of ways (1) thr will b th word othr associatd with th Hbrw word (Ex. 20:3 23:13 Joshua 24:2); (2) thr will b a modifying word to indicat that gods is diffrnt from th God (Ex. 18:11); (3) th word gods is spcifically diffrntiatd from Y howah in th immdiat contxt (Ex. 22:19); (4) God would b associatd with a singular vrb (Dut. 4:34) and gods with plural vrbs (Ex. 32:1, 23); (5) or gods will b modifid by forign or of th Gntils (Gn. 35:2, 4 Dut. 31:16 2Kings 18:33).

243 5567 Th Book of Dutronomy Dutronomy 4:28a Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs shâm (ùèí) [pronouncd shawm] thr; at that tim, thn; thrin, in that thing advrb Strong s #8033 BDB #1027 Translation: And [out of this land], you [all] will srv [phony] gods [= lohim],... Th is a particular rlationship btwn Isral and th Tru God; and thy can los much of this rlationship whn thy ar outsid of th land (and thy ar outsid of th land basd upon thir own volition). Out of th land, thy will srv phony gods. Dutronomy 4:28b Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs ma ãsh (îçàâùòæä) [pronouncd mah-ða- SEH] dd, act, action, work, production, that which is don; that which is producd [proprty, goods, crops]; that which anyon maks or dos; a cours of action; a businss masculin singular construct Strong's #4639 BDB #795 yâdayim (éèãçéäí) [pronouncd yaw-dah- YIHM] [two] hands; both hands figurativly for strngth, powr, control of a particular prson fminin dual construct Strong's #3027 BDB #388 âdâm (àèãèí) [pronouncd aw-dawm] a man, a human bing, mankind; translitratd Adam masculin singular noun Strong's #120 & #121 BDB #9 Th word th Adam can man man, mankind, humankind, mn, human bings. êts (òåõ) [pronouncd ìayts] tr, wood; woodn post, [woodn] stak, a staff; gallows; [collctivly for] a forst of trs masculin singular noun Strong s #6086 BDB #781 w (or v ) (åà or åì) [pronouncd wh] and, vn, thn; namly; whn; sinc, that; though; as wll as simpl wâw conjunction No Strong s # BDB #251 bn (àæáæï) [pronouncd B EH -vn] a ston [larg or small] [in its natural stat, as a building matrial]; ston or; usd of tablts, marbl, cut ston; usd of a tool or wapon; a prcious ston, gm; rock; a wight of th balanc fminin singular noun Strong's #68 BDB #6 Translation:...[which ar] th works of man s hands, [mad of] wood and ston,... Ths ar gods which ar mad by man, and thy ar mad of wood and ston. W hav such things today, such as iphons and tlvisions and automobils. W may not bow down bfor thm, but w giv thm our tim and our nrgy, somtims vn putting thm bfor lovd ons in our livs. How many of us hav bn drawn into a carfully craftd show, to th xclusion of thos around us?

244 Dutronomy Chaptr Dutronomy 4:28c Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs ãshr (àâéùæø) [pronouncd uh-sher] that, which, whn, who, whom; whr rlativ pronoun Strong's #834 BDB #81 lô (ìéà or ìåéà) [pronouncd low] not, no ngats th word or action that follows; th absolut ngation Strong s #3808 BDB #518 râ âh (øèàèä) [pronouncd raw-awh] to s, to look, to look at, to viw, to bhold; to obsrv; to prciv, to undrstand, to larn, to know rd 3 prson masculin plural, Qal imprfct Strong's #7200 BDB #906 w (or v ) (åà or åì) [pronouncd wh] and, vn, thn; namly; whn; sinc, that; though; as wll as simpl wâw conjunction No Strong s # BDB #251 lô (ìéà or ìåéà) [pronouncd low] not, no ngats th word or action that follows; th absolut ngation Strong s #3808 BDB #518 shâma (ùèîçò) [pronouncd shaw- MAHÌ] to listn [intntly], to har, to listn and oby, [or, and act upon, giv hd to, tak not of], to harkn to, to b attntiv to, to listn and b cognizant of rd 3 prson masculin plural, Qal imprfct Strong's #8085 BDB #1033 Translation:...which [gods] cannot s and cannot har... Howvr, ths manufacturd gods cannot s or har. Rcall, that is on of th thms of this chaptr. Moss again and again uss th vrbs to s and to har, in a varity of ways. Ptr Ptt: And in thos countris thy would b rducd to srving gods which wr th work of mn's hands, gods who could, h points out sardonically, nithr s, har, at nor smll. In th bginning this would hav bn thir own choic, for thy would hav turnd to gravn imags, which was why thy would fac this suffring in th first plac, but now it would also b thrust on thm, for thy would hav no Cntral Sanctuary and thy wr outsid Yahwh's land, and it may vn b forcd on thm by th country of thir xil. Th point is that thy would hav lost all th blssings of 171 th covnant. Will I liv to s a tim whn thr ar robots or computrs that ar abl to compt for our attntion? Evn now, thr ar thos who plac thir computrs and onlin rlationships ovr thir ral ons (potntial ral ons). Similarly, I cannot tll you how many coff shops and rstaurant tabls I hav sn with popl busily fingring thir computing dvics. Always maks m wondr why thy don t go for coff (or dinnr) with th prson thy ar txting. 171 From accssd May 13, 2015.

245 5569 Th Book of Dutronomy Dutronomy 4:28d Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs w (or v ) (åà or åì) [pronouncd wh] and, vn, thn; namly; whn; sinc, that; though; as wll as simpl wâw conjunction No Strong s # BDB #251 lô (ìéà or ìåéà) [pronouncd low] not, no ngats th word or action that follows; th absolut ngation Strong s #3808 BDB #518 âkal (àèëçì) [pronouncd aw-kahl] to at; to dvour, to consum, to dstroy rd 3 prson masculin plural, Qal imprfct Strong s #398 BDB #37 w (or v ) (åà or åì) [pronouncd wh] and, vn, thn; namly; whn; sinc, that; though; as wll as simpl wâw conjunction No Strong s # BDB #251 lô (ìéà or ìåéà) [pronouncd low] not, no ngats th word or action that follows; th absolut ngation Strong s #3808 BDB #518 rûwach (øåìçç) [pronouncd ROO-ahkh] to smll, to prciv an odor; to smll [and b dlightd in] to smll with plasur; to dlight in rd 3 prson masculin plural, Hiphil imprfct Strong s #7306 BDB #926 Translation:...and cannot at and cannot smll. Thr is no lif in ths god whatsovr. Thy cannot at and thy cannot smll. Kil and Dlitzsch: Thr among th hathn thy would b obligd to srv gods that wr th work of mn's hands, gods of wood and ston, that could nithr har, nor at, nor smll, i.., possssd no snss, showd no sign of lif. What Moss thratns hr, follows from th trnal laws of th divin govrnmnt. Th mor rfind idolatry of imag-worship lads to coarsr and coarsr forms, 172 in which th whol natur of idol-worship is manifstd in all its pitiablnss. Ths things ar but symbols, standing for, at bst, nothing, and, at worst, dmon prsonalitis. Thy hav no lif of thir own. Why should th nations say, "Whr, now, is thir God?" But our God is in th havns; H dos whatvr H plass. Thir idols ar silvr and gold th work of man's hands. Thy hav mouths, but thy cannot spak; thy hav ys, but thy cannot s; thy hav ars, but thy cannot har; thy hav noss, but thy cannot smll; thy hav hands, but thy cannot fl; thy hav ft, but thy cannot walk. Thy cannot mak a sound with thir throat. Thos who mak thm will bcom lik thm, vryon who trusts in thm (Psalm 115:2 8). Thr is an xclusivity throughout Scriptur, Old and Nw Tstamnts. Nowhr dos th Bibl say, Wll, Bob blivs in Buddha, Rx blivs in Allah, and you bliv in Y howah. For all intnts and purposs, it s all good. No, instad, worship of anyon or anything ls is brandd as against God. Dutronomy 27:15 28:36, 64 29:17 31:29 Hosa 8:6 13:2; Isaiah 2:8, 20, tc. 40:19 41:7 44: :6 Jrmiah 2:8 10:1-10. And Jsus continud this thm whn H said, I am th Way, th Truth and th Lif; NO MAN coms to th Fathr xcpt through M. Our God is spcific and xclusiv, which doctrin w will covr in this chaptr. This curs is promisd throughout ths mssags of Moss. "Y howah will bring you and your king, whom you will st ovr you, to a nation which nithr you nor your fathrs hav known, and thr you will srv othr gods, wood and ston." (Dut. 28:36). "So I will hurl you out of this land into th land which you hav not known, nithr you nor your fathrs; and thr you will srv othr gods day and night, for I will grant you no grac." (Jr. 16:13; 172 Kil and Dlitzsch, Commntary on th Old Tstamnt; from -Sword; Dut. 4:28.

246 Dutronomy Chaptr s also Dut. 28:64 29:17). What thy would do would b no wors than a prson with a statu of Mary or a statu of our Lord. It is quivalnt to following othr faiths today, apart from th faith dlivrd to us by Jsus Christ. I would assum that this was writtn by Pastor Roy A. Cloud. Grac Bibl Church s Doctrin of Idolatry 1. Idolatry dfind: Amrican Collg dictionary: An imag or othr matrial objct rprsnting a dity to which rligious worship is addrssd. A fals god 2. Idolatry is forbiddn in th Bibl. Exodus 23:24, Dut 4:28, Dut 5:7-8; 6:14; 7:16; 8:19. In th Tn Commandmnts, th first commandmnt prohibits mntal idolatry and th scond prohibits ovrt idolatry. 3. Idolatry is an attack upon th lov of God, which mans Spiritual immorality. Jr 3:8-10; Ezk 16:23-43; 23:24-30, Rv 17: Idolatry in th mind prcds idolatry in practic. Judgs 2:10-13; Ezk 14:7 5. Idolatry is causd by rjction of th Lord Jsus Christ and non-prcption to God s 6. Dmons function through idols in th practic of idolatry. Zch 10:2 (Dmon influnc is vry activ not only in forign hathn tmpls but in modrn day churchs.) Th body is th tmpl of th Holy Spirit so th savd prson cannot b dmon possssd. No dmon can b in total possssion whr th Holy Spirit rsids but Christians can b influncd by vil, which is satanic influnc. W ar ithr influncd by th Word of God or Evil. To b influncd by th Bibl will caus us to think God thoughts-to b influncd by vil will caus us to think satanic thoughts. 7. Whn Christians dsir to find happinss apart from God s plan, which is consistnt, daily, prayr and Bibl study thy will bcom saturatd with th chap substituts of lif. Eph 4:17-19; 5:1-5; Gal 5:16-23 Unhappy, misrabl, frustratd Christians will, apart from God s plan, sarch for satisfaction ithr in lasciviousnss or ascticism. Lasciviousnss: involvmnt in ovrt, corporal tangibl lustful activitis. Lust for approval; lust for matrial possssions, lust for powr, lust for fornication, lust for unclannss (lwdnss); lust for rivalris, strif, sditions and hrsis. Ascticism: on who practics rligious austritis; strict in rligious practics. On who ithr mphasizs th things h dosn t do (slf-dnial and prid) or mphasizs what h dos (rligious virtus and prid) Oftn thr is th worship of rligious xprincs or th worship of important prsonalitis. 8. In 1Cor 10:19-21 idolatry is calld th Dvil s communion tabl. 9. Sinc idolatry is rlatd to th mntal and motional aspcts of h soul, oftn idolatry rsults in mntal illnss; far Jr 50: Idolatry is also rlatd to sxual sins as in Ezk 22:3-18; 23: Idolatry affcts both soul and body as rvald in I Cor 6: Idolatry brings judgmnt to a nation. Isa 2:8; 2:18-20; 21:9; 36:18-20; 37:12-19; Jr 3:6-11; 2:27-30; 7:17-20; 17:1-4 and Ezk 6:4-6 From accssd April 2, Chaptr Outlin Charts, Graphics and Short Doctrins 173 Trasury of Scriptural Knowldg lists a numbr of passags rlatd to Isral and idolatry: Ex. 32:7 Dut. 4:16 31:16 18, 29 Judgs 2:8 15 2Kings 17: :2, Chron. 36:12 16 Hosa 9:9 1Cor. 10:22. All of th quotations blow ar takn from th ESV; capitalizd. Thy all look at th sam warning; that God will rmov th popl of Isral from th land H has givn thm. Moss, spaking in th powr of th Holy Spirit, is also warning Isral on bhalf of God. 173 Trasury of Scriptural Knowldg; by Cann, Brown, Blayny, Scott, and othrs about 1880, with introduction by R. A. Torry; courtsy of E-sword, Dut. 4:25.

247 5571 Th Book of Dutronomy Comparing God s Warnings to Isral Moss warns Isral: "Whn you fathr childrn and childrn's childrn, and hav grown old in th land, if you act corruptly by making a carvd imag in th form of anything, and by doing what is vil in th sight of th LORD your God, so as to provok Him to angr, I call havn and arth to witnss against you today, that you will soon uttrly prish from th land that you ar going ovr th Jordan to possss. You will not liv long in it, but will b uttrly dstroyd. And th LORD will scattr you among th popls, and you will b lft fw in numbr among th nations whr th LORD will driv you. And thr you will srv gods of wood and ston, th work of human hands, that nithr s, nor har, nor at, nor smll. (Dut. 4:25 28) Moss warns Isral: "If you ar not carful to do all th words of this law that ar writtn in this book, that you may far this glorious and awsom nam, th LORD your God, thn th LORD will bring on you and your offspring xtraordinary afflictions, afflictions svr and lasting, and sicknsss grivous and lasting. And h will bring upon you again all th disass of Egypt, of which you wr afraid, and thy shall cling to you. Evry sicknss also and vry affliction that is not rcordd in th book of this law, th LORD will bring upon you, until you ar dstroyd. Whras you wr as numrous as th stars of havn, you shall b lft fw in numbr, bcaus you did not oby th voic of th LORD your God. And as th LORD took dlight in doing you good and multiplying you, so th LORD will tak dlight in bringing ruin upon you and dstroying you. And you shall b pluckd off th land that you ar ntring to tak possssion of it. "And th LORD will scattr you among all popls, from on nd of th arth to th othr, and thr you shall srv othr gods of wood and ston, which nithr you nor your fathrs hav known. And among ths nations you shall find no rspit, and thr shall b no rsting plac for th sol of your foot, but th LORD will giv you thr a trmbling hart and failing ys and a languishing soul. Your lif shall hang in doubt bfor you. Night and day you shall b in drad and hav no assuranc of your lif. (Dut. 28:58 66) God warns Isral: And I will scattr you among th nations, and I will unshath th sword aftr you, and your land shall b a dsolation, and your citis shall b a wast. Thn th land shall njoy its Sabbaths as long as it lis dsolat, whil you ar in your nmis' land; thn th land shall rst, and njoy its Sabbaths. As long as it lis dsolat it shall hav rst, th rst that it did not hav on your Sabbaths whn you wr dwlling in it. And as for thos of you who ar lft, I will snd faintnss into thir harts in th lands of thir nmis. Th sound of a drivn laf shall put thm to flight, and thy shall fl as on fls from th sword, and thy shall fall whn non pursus. Thy shall stumbl ovr on anothr, as if to scap a sword, though non pursus. And you shall hav no powr to stand bfor your nmis. And you shall prish among th nations, and th land of your nmis shall at you up. And thos of you who ar lft shall rot away in your nmis' lands bcaus of thir iniquity, and also bcaus of th iniquitis of thir fathrs thy shall rot away lik thm. (Lv. 26:33 39) Nhmiah looks back: And I said, "O LORD God of havn, th grat and awsom God who kps covnant and stadfast lov with thos who lov him and kp his commandmnts, lt your ar b attntiv and your ys opn, to har th prayr of your srvant that I now pray bfor you day and night for th popl of Isral your srvants, confssing th sins of th popl of Isral, which w hav sinnd against you. Evn I and my fathr's hous hav sinnd. W hav actd vry corruptly against you and hav not kpt th commandmnts, th statuts, and th ruls that you commandd your srvant Moss. Rmmbr th word that you commandd your srvant Moss, saying, 'If you ar unfaithful, I will scattr you among th popls, but if you rturn to m and kp my commandmnts and do thm, though your outcasts ar in th uttrmost parts of havn, from thr I will gathr thm and bring thm to th plac that I hav chosn, to mak my nam dwll thr.' Thy ar your srvants and your popl, whom you hav rdmd by your grat powr and by your strong hand. (Nh. 1:5 10) Som commntary ought to b addd hr. Chaptr Outlin Charts, Graphics and Short Doctrins On of th fw rasons why th book of Dutronomy is givn a lat dat is, som scholars simply do not lik th ida that Moss, bfor th popl ntrd into th Land of Promis, prophsid of a tim whn thy would b

248 Dutronomy Chaptr thrown out of th Land of Promis. Fulfilld prophcy in th Bibl is simply a fact. No mattr how hard you try to gt rid of this or that prophcy, or claim that this or that passag was rally writtn aftr th fact, thr will always rmain far mor passags of prophcy which cannot b rmovd (Isa. 53 for instanc; or othr prophcis st in Isaiah about th 1 advnt of our Lord). How much sns dos it mak to try to turn this prophcy into a non- prophcy, whn thr ar far mor prcis prophcis found in Isaiah or Micah which simply cannot b intllctually wishd away? You s, in th Dad Sa Scrolls, w hav actual copis of ths ancint books, kpt in a library 100 yars bfor th birth of Jsus Christ. W also hav a wll-accptd Grk translation of th Old Tstamnt, writtn long bfor th ra of Jsus Christ, as it was usd throughout th ancint world (sinc most Jws spok Grk). And ths ancint prophtical books, found among th Dad Sa Scrolls and in th Grk Sptuagint, all prophcy th Lord Jsus Christ. So, vn if you could somhow rmov Dutronomy from this ra in ordr to say that Moss rally did not mak such a prophcy that still lavs a much largr numbr of prophcis which cannot b movd to a diffrnt dat and tim. If th mor prcis and important prophcis of Jsus Christ cannot b asily qustiond; thn why bothr to qustion th book of Dutronomy, which contains far lss by way of prophcy? W might as wll accpt that Moss was prophtic as wll. Coffman: It actually happnd xactly as Moss prophsid hr. Isral bcam prosprous and thy turnd grdily aftr th licntiousnss of th old Canaanit gods, th Baalim, with thir shamful orgiastic, sxually orintd dbauchris, and it was not long until both th northrn and southrn [trritoris of] Isral wr corruptd. Thr 174 is abundant vidnc of all this in th minor prophts. If you actually bothr to invstigat th hug amount of vidnc that th Bibl is what is purports to b (th Word of God) and that Jsus is Who H claims to b (th Son of God); thn you will b forcd intllctually accpt ths things. On of th popl who dos th bst job of laying out all th vidnc to whr, it is impossibl (in my opinion) to rfut it is Josh McDowll. His Nw Evidnc and Evidnc that Dmands a Vrdict ar th bst books I hav rad daling with ths topics. Coffman: right hr w hav Moss' prdiction of what would happn aftr Isral was sducd by th fals gods of Canaan. This prophcy was writtn in 1400 B.C., and th xil took plac about ight 175 cnturis latr. And you all hav sought from thr Y howah your Elohim and you [all] hav found Him whn you sk Him with all your hart and with all your soul. In th tribulation to you and has found you all th words th ths in a lattr [tim] th days; and you hav rturnd unto Y howah your Elohim and you hav listnd in His voic. For El mrciful, Y howah your Elohim will not fail you and H will not dstroy you and h will not forgt a covnant of your fathrs, which H swor to thm. Dutronomy 4:29 31 [If] you sk Y howah your Elohim from thr [outsid of th land], thn you will find Him if you sk Him with all your hart and with all your soul. During your tribulation, all ths words will find you, in th lattr days, and you will rturn to Y howah your Elohim and you will oby His voic. For God [= El] [is] mrciful. Y howah your Elohim will not fail you, nor will H dstroy you, nor will H forgt th covnant [that H mad with] your fathrs, which [covnant] H swor to thm. If you sk Jhovah your God from thr from outsid of th land and if you sk Him with all your hart and soul, thn you will find Him. Whn in your tribulation, if ths words find you in th latr days, thn you will rturn to Jhovah your God and you will oby Him. God is mrciful. Jhovah your God will not fail you at that tim; H will nvr compltly dstroy you; and H will nvr forgt th covnant that H swor to your fathrs From accssd May 11, From accssd May 11, 2015.

249 5573 Th Book of Dutronomy Hr is how othrs hav translatd this vrs: Ancint txts: Masortic Txt (Hbrw) Targum of Onklos Latin Vulgat Pshitta (Syriac) Sptuagint (Grk) Significant diffrncs: And you all hav sought from thr Y howah your Elohim and you [all] hav found Him whn you sk Him with all your hart and with all your soul. In th tribulation to you and has found you all th words th ths in a lattr [tim] th days; and you hav rturnd unto Y howah your Elohim and you hav listnd in His voic. For El mrciful, Y howah your Elohim will not fail you and H will not dstroy you and h will not forgt a covnant of your fathrs, which H swor to thm. But if thr you sk to rturn to th far of th Lord your God, you shall find mrcy, whn you sk bfor Him with all your hart and with all your soul. Whn you suffr opprssion, and all ths things com upon you in th nd of th days, and you b convrtd to th far of th Lord your God, and oby His Word; for th Lord our God is a mrciful God; H will not forsak you, nor dstroy you, nor forgt th covnant of your fathrs which H swar unto thm. And whn you will sk thr th Lord your God, you will find Him: yt so, if you sk Him with all your hart, and all th affliction of your soul. Aftr all th things aforsaid will find you, in th lattr tim you will rturn to th Lord your God, and will har his voic. Bcaus th Lord your God is a mrciful God: h will not lav you, nor altogthr dstroy you, nor forgt th covnant, by which h swor to your fathrs. But if from thr you shall sk th LORD your God, you shall find Him, if you sarch for Him with all your hart and with all your soul. Whn you ar in tribulation, and all ths things ar com upon you in th lattr days, if you rturn to th LORD your God and shall b obdint to his voic (For th LORD your God is a mrciful God), h will not dstroy you, nithr forsak you, nor forgt th covnant which h swor to your fathrs. And thr you shall sk th Lord your God, and you shall find Him whnvr you shall sk Him with all your hart, and with all your soul in your affliction. And all ths things shall com upon you in th last days, and you shall turn to th Lord your God, and shall harkn to His voic. Bcaus th Lord your God is a mrciful God; H will not forsak you, nor dstroy you; H will not forgt th covnant of your fathrs, which th Lord swor to thm. Th targum and th Latin both hav som additional phrass in th first sntnc. Th translation com upon (in th targum, Syriac and Grk) is lgitimat for to find. Th targum has convrtd to th far of rathr than rturn to. Limitd Vocabulary Translations: Nar th nd of this passag, th Syriac has two phrass turnd around. Bibl in Basic English Easy English But if in thos lands you ar turnd again to th Lord your God, sarching for him with all your hart and soul, h will not kp himslf from you. Whn you ar in troubl and all ths things hav com on you, if, in th futur, you ar turnd again to th Lord your God, and giv ar to his voic: Bcaus th Lord your God is a God of mrcy, h will not tak away his hlp from you or lt dstruction ovrtak you, or b fals to th agrmnt which h mad by an oath with your fathrs. But vn thn, if you look for th LORD your God, you will find him. You must rally want to find him. If you do, you will crtainly find him. Whn troubl happns to you in futur days, you will rturn to him. Whn all ths bad things hav happnd to you, you will oby him again.

250 Dutronomy Chaptr Easy-to-Rad Vrsion Good Nws Bibl (TEV) Th Mssag NIRV Nw Simplifid Bibl This is bcaus th LORD your God is kind and good. H will not lav you or kill you. H will not forgt th promis that h mad to your ancstors This is a srious promis and God will not forgt it. But thr in ths othr lands you will look for th Lord your God. And if you look for him with all your hart and soul, you will find him. Whn you ar in troubl whn all thos things happn to you thn you will com back to th Lord your God and oby him. Th Lord your God is a mrciful God! H will not lav you thr. H will not dstroy you compltly. H will not forgt th Agrmnt that h mad with your ancstors. Thr you will look for th LORD your God, and if you sarch for him with all your hart, you will find him. Whn you ar in troubl and all thos things happn to you, thn you will finally turn to th LORD and oby him. H is a mrciful God. H will not abandon you or dstroy you, and h will not forgt th covnant that h himslf mad with your ancstors. But vn thr, if you sk God, your God, you'll b abl to find him if you'r srious, looking for him with your whol hart and soul. Whn troubls com and all ths awful things happn to you, in futur days you will com back to God, your God, and listn obdintly to what h says. God, your God, is abov all a compassionat God. In th nd h will not abandon you, h won't bring you to ruin, h won't forgt th covnant with your ancstors which h swor to thm. Prhaps whil you ar thr, you will sk th Lord your God. You will find him if you sk him with all your hart and with all your soul. All th things I'v told you about might happn to you. And you will b in troubl. But latr you will rturn to th Lord your God. You will oby him. Th Lord your God is tndr and loving. H won't lav you or dstroy you. H won't forgt th covnant h mad with your popl of long ago. H gav his word whn h mad it.»from thr you will sk Jhovah your God with all your hart and with all your bing. And you will find him!»whn you ar in troubl (distrss) and all ths things happn to you in th lattr days, turn to Jhovah your God and oby his voic.»jhovah your God is a mrciful God. H will not forsak you. H will not dstroy you, nor forgt th covnant h mad with your fathrs. Thought-for-thought translations; paraphrass: Common English Bibl Contmporary English V. Nw Brkly Vrsion Nw Cntury Vrsion You will sk th Lord your God from thr, and you will find him[] if you sk him with all your hart and with all your bing. In your distrss, whn all ths things happn to you in th futur, you will rturn to th Lord your God and you will oby his voic, bcaus th Lord your God is a compassionat God. H won't lt you go, h won't dstroy you, and h won't forgt th covnant that h swor to your ancstors. In all of your troubls, you may finally dcid that you want to worship only th LORD. And if you turn back to him and oby him compltly, h will again b your God. Th LORD your God will hav mrcy--h won't dstroy you or dsrt you. Th LORD will rmmbr his promis, and h will kp th agrmnt h mad with your ancstors. Thn you will thr sk th LORD your God, and you shall find Him, whn you sk for Him with all your hart and with all your soul. In latr tims, whn anguish is yours and all ths xprincs ovrtak you, thn you will rturn to th LORD your God, and you will listn to Him; for th LORD your God is a mrciful God; H will not abandon you or dstroy you; nithr will H forgt th covnant mad on oath with your fathrs. But vn thr you can look for th LORD your God, and you will find him if you look for him with your whol bing. It will b hard whn all ths things happn to you.

251 5575 Th Book of Dutronomy Nw Lif Vrsion Nw Living Translation But aftr that you will com back to th LORD your God and oby him, bcaus th LORD your God is a mrciful God. H will not lav you or dstroy you. H will not forgt th Agrmnt with your ancstors, which h swor to thm. But from thr you will look for th Lord your God. And you will find Him if you look for Him with all your hart and soul. Whn you ar in troubl and all ths things hav happnd to you in latr days, you will rturn to th Lord your God and listn to His voic. For th Lord your God is a God of loving-pity. H will not lav you or dstroy you or forgt th agrmnt H promisd to your fathrs. But from thr you will sarch again for th Lord your God. And if you sarch for him with all your hart and soul, you will find him. "In th distant futur, whn you ar suffring all ths things, you will finally rturn to th Lord your God and listn to what h tlls you. For th Lord your God is a mrciful God; h will not abandon you or dstroy you or forgt th solmn covnant h mad with your ancstors. Partially litral and partially paraphrasd translations: Amrican English Bibl Intrnational Standard V Nw Advnt (Knox) Bibl Translation for Translators 'But if you sarch for Jhovah your God thr, you'll find Him. For, whnvr you ar opprssd and you sarch for Him with all your harts and souls, [you will find Him]. and that's what will happn to you in th last days. Thn you must turn to Jhovah your God and listn to His voic; bcaus Jhovah your God is also a God of pity, so H won't forgt th Sacrd Agrmnt that H promisd to your ancstors, and H won't lav you or dstroy you. If from thr you will sk th LORD your God, thn you will find him if you sk him with all your hart and soul. In your distrss, whn all ths things happn to you in days to com and you rturn to th LORD your God, thn you will har his voic. For God is compassionat. Th LORD your God won't fail you. H won't dstroy you or forgt th covnant that h confirmd with your ancstors." Thr, if thou wilt hav rcours to th Lord thy God, if thou wilt but hav rcours to him with all thy hart, in th bittrnss of thy tribulation, thou wilt find him again. Ys, whn all ths thrats hav com hom to th, thou wilt turn back to th Lord thy God at last, and listn to his voic. Th Lord thy God is a God of mrcy; h will not forsak th, will not uttrly dstroy th, and will not forgt th sworn covnant h mad with thy fathrs. But whil you ar thr, you will try to know Yahwh your God, and if you try with your ntir innr bing to know him, h will answr/rval himslf to you. In th futur, whn you ar bing mistratd thr and all thos bad things happn to you, you will again worship only Yahwh and oby him. Yahwh is a God who acts mrcifully. If you continu to oby him, h will not abandon you or dstroy you or forgt th agrmnt that h solmnly mad with your ancstors." Mostly litral rndrings (with som occasional paraphrasing): Ancint Roots Translinar Rqust to find Yahwh your God thr. Rqust him with all your hart and with all your soul. In your prscution, find all ths words in your futur days: Rturn to Yahwh your God, and har his voic. For Yahwh your God is a nurturing God. H will not wakn you, will not dstroy you, and will not forgt th covnant of your fathrs which h swor to thm.

252 Dutronomy Chaptr Frrar-Fnton Bibl But if you should from thr ntrat your EVER-LIVING God, and dcid to sk Him with all your hart, and with all your soul, - strngthn yourslvs, and ncourag yourslvs with all ths vnts, aftr long priods, and rturn to your Evr-living God, and listn to His voic ; - for your EVER-LIVING God is a mrciful GOD ; - H will not dsrt you, and will not turn from you, and will not forgt th covnant with your fathrs, which H swor to thm. Dutronomy 4:29 NIV (graphic); from wallpapr4god; accssd May 16, Catholic Bibls (thos having th imprimatur): Christian Community (1988) Thr you will look for Yahwh, your God, and you will ncountr him if you sarch for him with all your hart and with all your soul in th midst of your anguish. Whn this happns in th last days, you will rturn to Yahwh, and you will listn to his voic. B caus Yahwh, your God, is a mrciful God who will not rjct you nor dstroy you all, nor forgt th Covnant h swor to your fathrs. Th Hritag Bibl And from thr you shall sarch for Jhovah, your God, and h shall com forth to you, bcaus you will trad sking him with all your hart and with all your soul. And all ths words will com to b upon you in opprssion in th last days, and you will turn back to Jhovah, your God, and shall attntivly har his voic, Bcaus Jhovah, your God, is a compassionat God - h will not b slack toward you, and h will not dstroy you, and will not forgt th covnant of your fathrs which h swor to thm -. Nw Jrusalm Bibl 'If, howvr, from thr you start sarching onc mor for Yahwh your God, and if you sarch for him honstly and sincrly, you will find him. You will suffr; vrything I hav said will bfall you, but in th final days you will rturn to Yahwh your God and listn to his voic. For Yahwh your God is a mrciful God and will not dsrt or dstroy you or forgt th covnant which h mad on oath with your ancstors. Rvisd English Bibl But should you from thr sk th LORD your God, you will find him, if it is with all your hart and soul that you sarch. Whn you ar in distrss and all thos things happn to you, you will in days to com turn back to th LORD your God and oby him. Th LORD your God is a mrciful God; h will nvr fail you or dstroy you; h will not forgt th covnant with your forfathrs which h guarantd by oath. Jwish/Hbrw Nams Bibls: Complt Jwish Bibl xgss companion Bibl Howvr, from thr you will sk ADONAI your God; and you will find him if you sarch aftr him with all your hart and bing. In your distrss, whn all ths things hav com upon you, in th acharit-hayamim, you will rturn to ADONAI your God and listn to what h says; for ADONAI your God is a mrciful God. H will not fail you, dstroy you, or forgt th covnant with your ancstors which h swor to thm. And if from thr

253 5577 Th Book of Dutronomy JPS (Tanakh 1985) Kaplan Translation Orthodox Jwish Bibl you sk Yah Vh your Elohim - and find if you sk him with all your hart and with all your soul - whn you ar in tribulation and all ths words find you - vn in th final days, if you turn to Yah Vh your Elohim and harkn to his voic; YAH VEH, A MERCIFUL EL for Yah Vh your Elohim is a mrciful El; h nithr lts you loos nor ruins you, nor forgts th covnant of your fathrs which h oathd to thm. But if you sarch thr for th Lord your God, you will find Him, if only you sk Him with all your hart and soul- whn you ar in distrss bcaus all ths things hav bfalln you and, in th nd, rturn to th Lord your God and oby Him. For th Lord your God is a compassionat God: H will not fail you nor will H lt you prish; H will not forgt th covnant which H mad on oath with your fathrs. Thn you will bgin to sk God your Lord, and if you pursu Him with all your hart and soul, you will vntually find Him. Whn you ar in distrss and all ths things hav happnd to you, you will finally [Litrally, 'in th nd of days,' possibly a Mssianic prophcy.] rturn to God your Lord and oby Him. God your Lord is a mrciful Powr, and H will not abandon [(Targum, Rashi; Sptuagint). Raphah in Hbrw. Or, 'turn you away' (Saadia), or, 'wakn you' (Ibn Ezra).] you or dstroy you; H will not forgt th oath H mad upholding your fathrs' covnant. But if from thnc thou shalt sk Hashm Elohicha, thou shalt find Him, if thou sk Him with all thy lv and with all thy nfsh. Whn thou art in tzar (tribulation), and all ths things ar com upon th, vn in th acharit hayamim, if thou turn to Hashm Elohicha and shalt b obdint unto His voic; For Hashm Elohicha is an El Rachum; H will not abandon th, nithr dstroy th, nor forgt th Brit Avoticha which H swor unto thm. Expandd/Embllishd Bibls: Th Amplifid Bibl Th Expandd Bibl Krtzmann s Commntary But if from thr you will sk (inquir for and rquir as ncssity) th Lord your God, you will find Him if you [truly] sk Him with all your hart [and mind] and soul and lif. Whn you ar in tribulation and all ths things com upon you, in th lattr days you will turn to th Lord your God and b obdint to His voic. For th Lord your God is a mrciful God; H will not fail you or dstroy you or forgt th covnant of your fathrs, which H swor to thm. But vn thr you can look for th Lord your God, and you will find him if you look L for him with your whol bing [ all your hart/mind and all your innr bing]. It will b hard [distrssful] whn all ths things happn to you. But aftr that you will com back to th Lord your God and oby [har] him, bcaus th Lord your God is a mrciful God [Ex. 34:6; 2 Chr. 30:9; Nh. 9:31; Ps. 111:4; Jol 2:3]. H will not lav [fail] you or dstroy [ruin; spoil] you. H will not forgt th Agrmnt [Covnant; Traty] with your ancstors [fathrs], which h swor [promisd] to thm. But if from thnc thou shalt sk th Lord, thy God, turning back to Him in tru rpntanc, thou shalt find Him, if thou sk Him with all thy hart and with all thy soul. Cf Luk 15:17. Th promis that th childrn of Isral should find Jhovah is a wondrful and comforting Gospl-mssag: for it assurs thm that His kindnss, grac, and mrcy will b pourd out upon th truly rpntant sinnrs onc mor. Whn thou art in tribulation, misry, opprssion, and all ths things ar

254 Dutronomy Chaptr NET Bibl com upon th, find th, strik th, vn in th lattr days, in th far-distant futur, if thou turn to th Lord, thy God, and shalt b obdint unto His voic, (for th Lord, thy God, is a mrciful God,) h will not forsak th, nithr dstroy th, nor forgt th covnant of thy fathrs which h swar unto thm. Th covnant of God's faithfulnss and mrcy would not b brokn on His sid. But if you sk th Lord your God from thr, you will find him, if, indd, you sk him with all your hart and soul [Or "mind and bing." S Dut 6:5.]. In your distrss whn all ths things happn to you in th lattr days [Th phras is not usd hr in a tchnical sns for th schaton, but rathr rfrs to a futur tim whn Isral will b punishd for its sin and xprinc xil. S Dut 31:29.], if you rturn to th Lord your God and oby him [Hb "har his voic." Th xprssion is an idiom maning "oby," occurring in Dut 8:20; 9:23; 13:18; 21:18, 20; 26:14, 17; 27:10; 28:1-2, 15, 45, 62; 30:2, 8, 10, 20.] (for h [Hb "th Lord your God." S not on "h" in 4:3.] is a mrciful God), h will not lt you down [Hb "h will not drop you," i.., "will not abandon you" (cf. NAB, NIV, NRSV, NLT).] or dstroy you, for h cannot [Or "will not." Th translation undrstands th imprfct vrbal form to hav an addd nuanc of capability hr.] forgt th covnant with your ancstors that h confirmd by oath to thm. Syndin/Thim {Not: David Claims th Promis of 29:32 in Psalm 27:8} But if you intnsly sk Jhovah/God your Elohim/Godhad, you shall find Him {a Promis to b Claimd by blivrs}, if you study/inquir/sk/invstigat Him with all your 'right lob'/hart {whr doctrin bcoms ffctiv} and with all your soul {dification complx of th soul - ntranc into th SuprGrac lif}. Whn you ar in prssur/tribulation/'a jam', and all ths things ar com upon you {fls lik th roof is falling in on you}, vn in th lattr days {latr part of your lif}, if you turn/'turn back' {shuwb} to Jhovah/God your 'Elohiym/Godhad... (and shall 'har, concntrat and oby' {shama`} His Voic {bibl doctrin} for Jhovah/God your 'Elohim/Godhad is a gracious God) H will not forsak you, nithr dstroy you, nor forgt th covnant of your fathrs which H swor unto thm. Th Voic Litral, almost word-for-word, rndrings: But whn you'r thr, you'll look for th Etrnal your God. If vry part of you is invstd in th sarch, hart and soul, thn you'll find Him. Whn you'r in troubl in thos days yt to com bcaus of all ths things, you'll com back to th Etrnal your God, and you'll listn to His voic. H is a compassionat God. H won't abandon you or dstroy you or forgt th covnant H mad with your ancstors-h swor to thm that H'd kp it! Contxt Group Vrsion Grn s Litral Translation God s Truth (Tyndal) But from thr you {pl} shall sk YHWH your God, and you shall find him, whn you sarch aftr him with all your hart and with all your lif { soul }. Whn you ar in affliction, and all ths things com upon you, in th lattr days you shall rturn to YHWH your God, and listn to his voic: for YHWH your God is a gnrous God; h will not fail you, nithr dstroy you, nor forgt th covnant of your fathrs which h swor to thm. And if you shall sk Jhovah your God from thr, thn you shall find Him, if you sk Him with your whol hart, and with all your soul, in your distrss, whn all ths things hav found you, in th lattr days, thn you shall rturn to Jhovah your God, and shall listn to His voic. For Jhovah your God is a mrciful God. H will not forsak you, nor dstroy you, nor forgt th covnant of your fathrs which H swor to thm. Nvrthlatr you shall sk th Lord your God vn thr, and shall find him if you sk him with all your hart and with all your soul. In your tribulation and whn all ths things ar com upon you, vn in th lattr days, you shall turn unto th Lord your God, and shall harkn unto his voic. For th Lord your God is a pitiful God:

255 5579 Th Book of Dutronomy NASB Nw Europan Vrsion Nw King Jams Vrsion Updatd Bibl Vrsion 2.11 Wbstr s Bibl Translation Young s Updatd LT Th gist of this vrs: h will not forsak you nithr dstroy you, nor forgt th appointmnt mad with your fathrs which h swor unto thm. But from thr you will sk th LORD your God, and you will find Him if you sarch for Him with all your hart and all your soul. Whn you ar in distrss and all ths things hav com upon you, in th lattr days you will rturn to th Lord your God and listn to His voic. For th LORD your God is a compassionat God; H will not fail you nor dstroy you nor forgt th covnant with your fathrs which H swor to thm. But from thr you shall sk Yahwh your God and you will find Him, whn you sarch aftr Him with all your hart and with all your soul. Whn you ar opprssd and all ths things hav com on you, in th lattr days you shall rturn to Yahwh your God and listn to His voic; for Yahwh your God is a mrciful God; H will not fail you nithr dstroy you, nor forgt th covnant of your fathrs which H swor to thm. But from thr you will sk th Lord your God, and you will find Him if you sk Him with all your hart and with all your soul. Whn you ar in distrss, and all ths things com upon you in th lattr days, whn you turn to th Lord your God and oby His voic (for th Lord your God is a mrciful God), H will not forsak you nor dstroy you, nor forgt th covnant of your fathrs which H swor to thm. But from thr you+ will sk Yahwh your God, and you will find him, whn you sarch aftr him with all your hart and with all your soul. Whn you ar in tribulation, and all ths things com upon you, in th lattr days you will rturn to Yahwh your God, and listn to his voic: for Yahwh your God is a mrciful God; h will not fail you, nithr dstroy you, nor forgt th covnant of your fathrs which h swor to thm. But if from thnc thou shalt sk th LORD thy God, thou shalt find [him], if thou shalt sk him with all thy hart, and with all thy soul. Whn thou art in tribulation, and all ths things hav com upon th, [vn] in th lattr days, if thou shalt turn to th LORD thy God, and shalt b obdint to his voic; (For th LORD thy God [is] a mrciful God;) h will not forsak th, nithr dstroy th, nor forgt th covnant of thy fathrs, which h swor to thm. And you [all] hav sought from thr Jhovah your God, and hav found, whn you sk Him with all your hart, and with all your soul, in distrss bing to you, and all ths things hav found you, in th lattr nd of th days, and you hav turnd back unto Jhovah your God, and hav harknd to His voic. For a mrciful God is Jhovah your God; H dos not fail you, nor dstroy you, nor forgt th covnant of your fathrs, which H has sworn to thm. Th popl of Isral will, at som point in tim, find thmslvs thrown out of th land, and this vrs tlls thm what happns nxt: thy must sk th LORD thir God and H will find thm in th lattr days whn tribulation has com upon thm. Y howah will har thm, bing a mrciful God. H will not forsak thm; H will not dstroy thm, H will not forgt th covnant which H swor to thm. This passag is th Old Tstamnt quivalnt of trnal scurity. In contxt, th popl of Isral hav bn thrown out of th land and scattrd among th gntils.

256 Dutronomy Chaptr Dutronomy 4:29a Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs w (or v ) (åà or åì) [pronouncd wh] and, vn, thn; namly; whn; sinc, that; though; as wll as simpl wâw conjunction No Strong s # BDB #251 bâqash (áìè Çù) [pronouncd baw- KAHSH] to sk, to sarch, to dsir, to striv aftr, to attmpt to gt, to rquir, to dmand, to ask, to sk with dsir and dilignc nd 2 prson masculin plural, Pil imprfct Strong s #1245 BDB #134 min (îäï) [pronouncd mihn] from, away from, out from, out of from, off, on account of, sinc, abov, than, so that not, byond, mor than prposition of sparation Strong's #4480 BDB #577 shâm (ùèí) [pronouncd shawm] thr; at that tim, thn; thrin, in that thing advrb Strong s #8033 BDB #1027 êth (àæç) [pronouncd ayth] Indicats nxt word is th objct of th vrb; somtims translatd to untranslatd mark of a dirct objct Strong's #853 BDB #84 YHWH (éäåä) [pronunciation is possibly yhoh-wah] translitratd variously as Jhovah, Yahwh, Y howah propr noun Strong s #3068 BDB #217 Ìlôhîym (àìéääéí) [pronouncd l-o-heem] God; gods, forign gods, god; rulrs, judgs; suprhuman ons, angls; translitratd Elohim masculin plural noun nd with th 2 prson masculin singular suffix Strong's #430 BDB #43 Although Owns has a masculin plural suffix, it looks to b a masculin singular suffix to m. w (or v ) (åà or åì) [pronouncd wh] and, vn, thn; namly; whn; sinc, that; though; as wll as simpl wâw conjunction No Strong s # BDB #251 mâtsâ (îèöèà) [pronouncd maw- TSAW] to attain to, to find, to dtct, to happn upon, to com upon, to find unxpctdly, to discovr; to mt (ncountr) rd 3 prson masculin singular, Qal prfct Strong s #4672 BDB #592 Translation: [If] you sk Y howah your Elohim from thr [outsid of th land], thn you will find Him... From thr rfrs to th plac to whr th Jws would b banishd to, which would nd up bing all ovr th world. Moss is making a rmarkabl prophcy which stablishs a pattrn which might b sn as a prophcy. Th situation is, Isral is thrown out of th Land of Promis (not that thy hav not vn gon into this land yt, and Moss is alrady talking about thm failing in th land). And thn Moss talks about thir rturn to God. Outsid th land, thy bgin to sk thir God, Y howah.

257 5581 Th Book of Dutronomy Dutronomy 4:29b Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs kîy (ëìäé) [pronouncd k] for, that, bcaus; whn, at that tim, which, what tim xplanatory or tmporal conjunction; prposition Strong's #3588 BDB #471 dârash (ãìèøçù) [pronouncd daw-rash] to sk, to mak inquiris concrning, to consult, to invstigat, to study, to follow, to inquir; to rquir nd 2 prson masculin singular, Qal imprfct rd with th 3 prson masculin singular suffix Strong s #1875 BDB #205 h b (áìà) [pronouncd b ] in, into, at, by, nar, on, with, bfor, against, by mans of, among, within a prposition of proximity No Strong s # BDB #88 kôl (ëìéì) [pronouncd kohl] vry, ach, all of, all; any of, any masculin singular construct not followd by a dfinit articl Strong s #3605 BDB #481 lêbab (ìåáçá) [pronouncd V lay-bahb ] mind, innr man, innr bing, hart masculin singular noun nd with a 2 prson masculin singular suffix Strong s #3824 BDB #523 w (or v ) (åà or åì) [pronouncd wh] and, vn, thn; namly; whn; sinc, that; though; as wll as simpl wâw conjunction No Strong s # BDB #251 h b (áìà) [pronouncd b ] in, into, at, by, nar, on, with, bfor, against, by mans of, among, within a prposition of proximity No Strong s # BDB #88 kôl (ëìéì) [pronouncd kohl] vry, ach, all of, all; any of, any masculin singular construct not followd by a dfinit articl Strong s #3605 BDB #481 nphsh (ðæôæù) [pronouncd NEH-fsh] soul, lif, living bing; brath; mind; dsir, volition; will fminin singular noun nd with th 2 prson masculin singular suffix Strong s #5315 BDB #659 Translation:...if you sk Him with all your hart and with all your soul. Thy must sk Him with all thir hart and soul, maning thir positiv volition must b gnuin; and this must b thir mntal attitud, not a tmporary motional thing. Thy must b sking th Tru Rvald God. Dutronomy 4:29 (graphic); from alif surrndrd; accssd May 16, Chaptr Outlin Charts, Graphics and Short Doctrins Kil and Dlitzsch: From thr Isral would com to itslf again in th tim of dpst

258 Dutronomy Chaptr misry, lik th prodigal son in th gospl (Luk 15:17), would sk th Lord its God, and would also find Him if 176 it sought with all its hart and soul (cf. Dut. 6:5; Dut. 10:12). Application: v. 29 rads: [If] you sk Y howah your Elohim from thr [outsid of th land], thn you will find Him if you sk Him with all your hart and with all your soul. Thr is a spcific contxt to this vrs; th Jws ar out of th Land of Promis du to idolatry; and thy raliz that God is still thir God; and if thy sk Him, thy will find Him. This also has individual application. Many popl bcom blivrs in Jsus Christ, and, for whatvr rason, drop out of th Christian lif. Thir work or family ovrtaks thir daily lif; thy bcom angry with God; thy plac othr things bfor God (a form of idolatry). But God is always thr. God may always b sought. And, if your hart (= thinking) is right, you will find Him. First stp is rbound (naming your sins to God); and th scond stp is gtting back on doctrin. God is not strictly attachd to th land of Isral, not vn during that tim. God gav that particular pic of ral stat to th Isralits, but H rmaind th God of all mankind, th God of Cration. H was working through th Jws. Evn whn th Jws wr scattrd, God would not b far rmovd from thm. H is no furthr away than thir own positiv volition: "So it will com to pass whn all of ths things hav com upon you, th blssing and th curs which I hav st bfor you, and you call to mind in all nations whr Y howah your God has banishd you, and you rturn to Y howah your God and oby Him with all your hart and soul according to all that I command you today, you and your sons, thn Y howah your God will rstor you from captivity and H will hav compassion upon you, and H will gathr you against from all th popls whr Y howah your God has scattrd you. If your outcasts ar at th nds of th arth, from thr Y howah your God will gathr you, and fro thr H will bring you back. And Y howah your God will bring you into th land wich your fathrs possssd, and you will possss it; and H will prospr you and multiply you mor than your fathrs." (Dut. 30:1 5). This applis just as wll to th Gntil of any ag and to th Jws of th Church Ag: "Th God who mad th world and all things in it, sinc H is Lord of havn and arth, dos not dwll in tmpls mad with hands; nithr is H srvd by human hands, as though H ndd anything, sinc H Himslf givs to all lif and brath and all things; and H mad from on blood vry nation of mankind to liv on all th fac of th arth, having dtrmind appointd tims and boundaris of thir habitation, that thy should sk God, if prhaps thy might grop for Him and find Him, though H is not far from ach on of us; for in Him w liv and mov and xist, as vn som of your own pots hav said, 'For w also ar His offspring.' " (Act. 17:24 28). Evn though Paul spok this to a crowd of Gntils, this now also applis to th Jw, scattrd throughout th world in various nations, maintaining thir racial idntity. During thir xil in th Jwish Ag, thr will b som suprgrac hros who will call upon God and H will lad thm back into th land. W ar in th anglic conflict and thr hav bn svral programs which God has run. During th Ag of Isral, th Isralits wr givn th Law God's prfct Law by which thy could rgulat thir livs. Crtain gnrations had sn incrdibl miracls from th hand of God. Howvr, Isral faild again and again. This is bcaus in us dwlls no good thing. Our dgnracy and our sinfulnss is far byond what most of us raliz. Th Isralits did not hav th Holy Spirit to guid thm th Holy Spirit was givn to a vry small prcntag of blivrs during th Ag of Isral and this is why thy continually faild as a nation. God cam to Isral with His Law and latr with His Son, and Isral rjctd both. In th Church Ag, w hav two trmndous advantags w hav th complt rvlation of God to man and w can, in any instant, b filld with th Holy Spirit, which guarants that portion of our lif rsults in divin good. Howvr, our own ngativ volition can still tak us in th wrong dirction. Ptt is on of th bst whn it coms to rcognizing an ovr-arching organization of th txt. This tim, th organization of th txt is somwhat mor complx. Again, Ptt sparats th sctions diffrntly than most othrs do. 176 Kil and Dlitzsch, Commntary on th Old Tstamnt; from -Sword; Dut. 4:29.

259 5583 Th Book of Dutronomy Ptr Ptt Organizs Dutronomy 4:30 40 a a Whn thy ar in tribulation in th lattr days and all ths things hav com on thm, thy will rturn to Yahwh thir God and listn to His voic (Dutronomy 4:30). b For H is a mrciful God and will not fail or dstroy thm or forgt th covnant H has mad with thir fathrs (Dutronomy 4:31). c For thy may ask of ancint days whthr sinc th day that God cratd man on th arth, or altrnatly thy may ask from on nd of havn to th othr, whthr any such thing as this grat thing has bn hard (Dutronomy 4:32). d That God spok to mn out of th midst of th fir and thy livd? (Dut. 4:33). Or has God dlivrd any othr nation by signs and wondrs and mighty powr as H did thm from Egypt? (Dutronomy 4:34). c It was shown to thm so that thy might know that Yahwh is God and thr is non bsid Him (Dutronomy 4:35). d From havn H mad thm har His voic, on arth H mad thm s His grat fir, and thy hard His words from th midst of th fir (Dutronomy 4:36). For bcaus H lovd thir fathrs H chos thir sd aftr thm and brought thm out of Egypt with grat powr, to driv out grat nations from bfor thm and bring thm into th land of His inhritanc as at this day (Dutronomy 4:37-38). b Thy ar thrfor to know Yahwh is God in both havn and arth, thr is no othr (Dutronomy 4:39). And thy will kp statuts and His commandmnts that it may go wll with thm, so that thy might prolong thir days on th God-givn land for vr (Dutronomy 4:40). Ptt: W may not hr that in `a' thir crtain final rturn to God is promisd, and in th paralll it is to lad on to thm kping His statuts and His commandmnts and having wllbing and long lif for vr in th land. In `b' thy ar told that H is a mrciful God and will not fail or dstroy thm or forgt th covnant H has mad with thir fathrs, and in th paralll thy ar thrfor to know Yahwh is God in both havn and arth, thr is no othr. In `c', `d' and `' w find what is rally on continuous ida. Thy ar to ask arth and havn whthr such a thing has bn hard, that God spok to mn from th midst of fir and thy livd, or that God dlivrd any othr nation by signs and wondrs and grat powr. And th paralll says that it was so that thy might know that Yahwh is God and thr is non bsid Him, and that H did spak to thm from th midst of fir and that H did rmarkably dlivr thm from Egypt. From accssd May 13, Chaptr Outlin Charts, Graphics and Short Doctrins Dutronomy 4:30a Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs h b (áìà) [pronouncd b ] in, into, at, by, nar, on, with, bfor, against, by mans of, among, within a prposition of proximity No Strong s # BDB #88 tsar (öçø) [pronouncd tsar] an advrsary, an nmy; narrow, tight and thrfor, distrss, affliction, intns distrss [causd by an advrsary] masculin singular noun with th dfinit articl Strong s #6862 BDB #865

260 Dutronomy Chaptr Dutronomy 4:30a Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs Gnrally spaking, whn tsar mans nmy, advrsary, it is found in potry, in th plural, and without a dfinit articl. Whn in pros, in th singular, and with a dfinit articl, it usually mans distrss, opprssion, affliction. This word can also man hard pbbl, flint. lâmd (ìà) [pronouncd l ] to, for, towards, in rgards to dirctional/rlational prposition with th 2 nd prson masculin singular suffix No Strong s # BDB #510 w (or v ) (åà or åì) [pronouncd wh] and, vn, thn; namly; whn; sinc, that; though; as wll as simpl wâw conjunction No Strong s # BDB #251 mâtsâ (îèöèà) [pronouncd maw- TSAW] to attain to, to find, to dtct, to happn upon, to com upon, to find unxpctdly, to discovr; to mt (ncountr) rd 3 prson plural, Qal prfct with th 2 nd prson masculin singular suffix Strong s #4672 BDB #592 kôl (ëìéì) [pronouncd kohl] th whol, all of, th ntirty of, all; can also b rndrd any of masculin singular construct followd by a dfinit articl Strong s #3605 BDB #481 d bârîym (ãìàáèøäéí) b [pronouncd daw -vawr- EEM] words, sayings, doctrins, commands; things, mattrs, affairs; rports masculin plural noun with th dfinit articl Strong's #1697 BDB #182 êllh (àåììæä) [pronouncd ALE-lh] ths, ths things dmonstrativ plural adjctiv with th dfinit articl (oftn th vrb to b is implid) Strong's #428 BDB #41 h b (áìà) [pronouncd b ] in, into, at, by, nar, on, with, bfor, against, by mans of, among, within a prposition of proximity No Strong s # BDB #88 achãrîyth (àççâøäéú) [pronouncd ahkh-ar- EETH] aftr part, nd; nd, issu, vnt; lattr tim (prophtic for futur tim); postrity; last, hindrmost fminin singular adjctiv (or substantiv), construct form Strong s #319 BDB #31 yâmîym (éèîäéí) [pronouncd yaw- MEEM] days, a st of days; tim of lif, liftim; a spcific tim priod, a yar masculin plural noun with th dfinit articl Strong s #3117 BDB #398 Translation: During your tribulation, all ths words will find you, in th lattr days,... Th Jws would b undr disciplin outsid of th land (thy ar thrown out of th land for idolatry). What is suggst hr, and in othr passags, th Jws will look back at thir Scripturs thy will rad ths grat words, and thy will suddnly ring tru to thm. Ths words of Moss will find thm, in th lattr days. Th lattr days can rfr to th Jws outsid of th land (Dut. 31:29 Jr. 29:12 14); to th tim of th Mssiah st nd in th 1 advnt or th Church Ag (Acts 2:17 1Ptr 1:20 Hb. 1:1 1Jn. 2:18); in th 2 advnt (Isa. 2:2 Hos. 3:5 Danil 10:14); and also to th Jws nar th nd of human history, during th Grat Tribulation (Gn. 49:1 Num. 24:14 Jr. 23:20).

261 5585 Th Book of Dutronomy This first rfrs to a gnral promis, that, if th Jws ar thrown out of th land; thr will b a way for thm to rturn. Th lattr days would simply rfr to thir lattr days outsid th land. Howvr, this also looks forward to th final gathring of Isral by Jsus Christ in th last days. J. Vrnon McG: This is th first mntion of th Grat Tribulation which is ultimatly coming. "In th lattr days" is a tchnical trm in th Old Tstamnt which rfrs to th Grat Tribulation priod. God sts up a condition: [If] you sk Y howah your Elohim from thr [outsid of th land], thn you will find Him if you sk Him with all your hart and with all your soul. During your tribulation, all ths words will find you, in th lattr days, and you will rturn to Y howah your Elohim and you will oby His voic. For God [= El] [is] mrciful. Y howah your Elohim will not fail you, nor will H dstroy you, nor will H forgt th covnant [that H mad with] your fathrs, which [covnant] H swor to 177 thm. Dutronomy 4:30b Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs w (or v ) (åà or åì) [pronouncd wh] and, vn, thn; namly; whn; sinc, that; though; as wll as simpl wâw conjunction No Strong s # BDB #251 shûwb (ùåìá) b [pronouncd shoo v] to rturn, to turn, to turn back, to rminisc, to rstor somthing, to bring back somthing, to rviv, to rcovr somthing, to mak rstitution rd 3 prson masculin plural, Qal prfct Strong's #7725 BDB #996 ad (òçã) [pronouncd ìahd] as far as, vn to, up to, until; whil, so long as; to, vn to [som crtain limit]; vn to [unto], unto prposition of duration or of limits Strong s #5704 BDB #723 YHWH (éäåä) [pronunciation is possibly yhoh-wah] translitratd variously as Jhovah, Yahwh, Y howah propr noun Strong s #3068 BDB #217 Ìlôhîym (àìéääéí) [pronouncd l-o-heem] God; gods, forign gods, god; rulrs, judgs; suprhuman ons, angls; translitratd Elohim masculin plural noun nd with th 2 prson masculin singular suffix Strong's #430 BDB #43 w (or v ) (åà or åì) [pronouncd wh] and, vn, thn; namly; whn; sinc, that; though; as wll as simpl wâw conjunction No Strong s # BDB #251 shâma (ùèîçò) [pronouncd shaw- MAHÌ] to listn [intntly], to har, to listn and oby, [or, and act upon, giv hd to, tak not of], to harkn to, to b attntiv to, to listn and b cognizant of nd 2 prson masculin singular, Qal prfct Strong's #8085 BDB # From (chaptr 4) (slightly ditd) accssd May 14, 2015.

262 Dutronomy Chaptr Dutronomy 4:30b Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs h b (áìà) [pronouncd b ] in, into, at, by, nar, on, with, bfor, against, by mans of, among, within a prposition of proximity No Strong s # BDB #88 qôwl ( åéì) [pronouncd kohl] sound, voic, nois; loud nois, thundring masculin singular noun rd with th 3 prson masculin singular suffix Strong s #6963 BDB #876 Translation:...and you will rturn to Y howah your Elohim and you will oby His voic. God; thir thinking will b attund to Him, and thy will har His voic. Th Jws will rturn to Distrss hr is th word tsar (öçø) [pronouncd tsar]. In th singular, it gnrally sms to man distrss, tribulation, troubl (1Sam. 2:32 Job 15:24 Psalm 3:1); in th plural it mans nmis, advrsaris, thos who would caus distrss and troubl (Gn. 14:20 Dut. 33:27 33:7 Job 19:11). Strong's #6862 BDB #865 In my distrss, I calld upon Y howah and crid to my God for hlp. H hard my voic out of His tmpl and my cry for hlp bfor Him cam into His ars (Psalm 18:6). Thn thy calld out to Y howah in thir troubl; H dlivrd thm out of thir distrsss (Psalm 107:6; s also v. 13). All ths things ar thir srving forign gods gods of wood and mtal (vv. 25a, 28), thy hav provokd God to angr (v. 25b), and God has scattrd thm throughout th Gntil nations (v. 27). Onc all of ths things hav com to pass, thn th Jws will rturn to th Lord Who bought thm and oby His voic. This has a nar and a far fulfillmnt. Th nar fulfillmnt is whn th Isralits ar rmovd from th land in 586 B.C. and thy rturn 70 yars latr undr Zrubbabl. Th far fulfillmnt is still to com. God has scattrd th Isralits throughout all of th nations and thy will not b rturnd until th tim of tribulation. "Rmmbr th word which You commandd Moss, saying, 'If you ar unfaithful, I will scattr you among th popls; but if you rturn to M and kp My commandmnts and do thm, though thos of you who hav bn scattrd wr in th most rmot part of th havns; I will gathr thm from thr and will bring thm to th plac whr I hav chosn to caus My nam to dwll.' " (Nh. 1:8 9). God has givn th Land of Promis to th Isralits for an trnal possssion. Thy do not possss th land now, nor will thy until our Lord rturns. Howvr, in th lattr days, th Isralits will rturn to Y howah, Who is Jsus Christ, and th land will b givn to thm for an trnal possssion. Until thn, "Th angr of Y howah will not turn back until H has prformd and carrid out th purposs of His hart; in th last days, you will clarly undrstand it." (Jr. 23:20). Aftrward, th sons of Isral will rturn and sk Y howah thir God and David thir king; and thy will com trmbling to Y howah and to His goodnss in th last days (Hosa 3:5). Thomas Constabl: This warning has provd prophtic in that Isral did apostatiz and xprinc all th consquncs Moss warnd against hr. Th nation's prsnt scattrd condition as a rsult of hr disprsion by th Romans is only on of svral scattrings that Isral has xprincd (Dutronomy 4:27). Moss prdictd a turning back to th Lord (Dutronomy 4:30). This has yt 178 to tak plac during Isral's prsnt disprsion, but it will happn (Zchariah 12:10). Constabl continus: Yahwh is a holy judg who zalously yarns for th wlfar of His chosn popl (Dutronomy 4:24), but if thy turn from Him and H disciplins thm H will hav compassion on thm (cf. Dutronomy 6:5 10:12 11:13 26:16 30:2 30:6 30:10). Th promis that 178 From accssd May 15, 2015.

263 5587 Th Book of Dutronomy God would not fail or dstroy His popl or forgt His covnant with thm indicats th xtnt of His 179 lov for Isral (Romans 11:1). Dutronomy 4:31a Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs kîy (ëìäé) [pronouncd k] for, that, bcaus; whn, at that tim, which, what tim xplanatory or tmporal conjunction; prposition Strong's #3588 BDB #471 Êl (àåì) [pronouncd ALE] God, god, mighty on, strong, hro; translitratd El masculin singular noun Strong s #410 BDB #42 rachûwm (øççåìí) [pronouncd rah- KHOOM] compassionat, mrciful masculin singular adjctiv Strong's #7349 BDB #933 Translation: For God [= El] [is] mrciful. Earlir, w ar told that God is jalous. Hr, in contrast, God is said to b mrciful. Th Isralits turnd against God, pursuing othr gods. 180 Trasury of Scriptural Knowldg suggsts ths passags: Ex. 34:6 7 Num. 14:18 2Chron. 30:9 Nh. 1:5 9:31 Psalm 86:5, :5 145:8, 9 Jonah 4:2 Mic. 7:18 Dutronomy 4:31b Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs YHWH (éäåä) [pronunciation is possibly yhoh-wah] translitratd variously as Jhovah, Yahwh, Y howah propr noun Strong s #3068 BDB #217 Ìlôhîym (àìéääéí) [pronouncd l-o-heem] God; gods, forign gods, god; rulrs, judgs; suprhuman ons, angls; translitratd Elohim masculin plural noun nd with th 2 prson masculin singular suffix Strong's #430 BDB #43 lô (ìéà or ìåéà) [pronouncd low] not, no ngats th word or action that follows; th absolut ngation Strong s #3808 BDB #518 râphâh (øèôèä) [pronouncd raw-faw] to lt drop, to abandon, to rlax, to rfrain, to lt go [lt alon, los intrst] [in a prson or projct] and abandon [that prson or projct], to forsak [somthing]; to b still, to b quit rd 3 prson masculin singular, Hiphil imprfct nd with th 2 prson masculin singular suffix Strong s #7503 BDB #951 w (or v ) (åà or åì) [pronouncd wh] and, vn, thn; namly; whn; sinc, that; though; as wll as simpl wâw conjunction No Strong s # BDB # From accssd May 15, Trasury of Scriptural Knowldg; by Cann, Brown, Blayny, Scott, and othrs about 1880, with introduction by R. A. Torry; courtsy of E-sword, Dut. 4:31.

264 Dutronomy Chaptr Dutronomy 4:31b Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs lô (ìéà or ìåéà) [pronouncd low] not, no ngats th word or action that follows; th absolut ngation Strong s #3808 BDB #518 shâchath (ùèççú) [pronouncd shaw- KHAHTH] to dstroy, to lay wast to, to caus on to go to ruin, to spoil, to ruin; to corrupt [morally], to prvrt rd 3 prson masculin singular, Hiphil imprfct Strong's #7843 BDB #1007 Translation: Y howah your Elohim will not fail you, nor will H dstroy you,... God will not fail th Jws. Thy ar disprsd, and H will not fail thm. This is on of th many vrss which tlls us that God is not don with th Jws yt. W, as blivrs, hav not rplacd Isral. W (Church Ag blivrs) ar not th nw Isral. Dutronomy 4:31c Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs w (or v ) (åà or åì) [pronouncd wh] and, vn, thn; namly; whn; sinc, that; though; as wll as simpl wâw conjunction No Strong s # BDB #251 lô (ìéà or ìåéà) [pronouncd low] not, no ngats th word or action that follows; th absolut ngation Strong s #3808 BDB #518 shâkach (ùèëçç) [pronouncd shaw- KAHKH] to forgt; to forgt and lav; to forsak, to abandon rd 3 prson masculin singular, Qal imprfct Strong s #7911 BDB #1013 êth (àæç) [pronouncd ayth] Indicats nxt word is th objct of th vrb; somtims translatd to untranslatd mark of a dirct objct Strong's #853 BDB #84 b rîyth (áìàøäéú) [pronouncd b rth] covnant; pact, allianc, traty, allianc, contract fminin singular construct Strong s #1285 BDB #136 âb (àèá) [pronouncd b aw v] fathr, both as th had of a houshold, clan or trib; foundr, civil ladr, military ladr masculin plural noun nd with th 2 prson masculin singular suffix Strong s #1 BDB #3 ãshr (àâéùæø) [pronouncd uh-sher] that, which, whn, who, whom; whr rlativ pronoun Strong's #834 BDB #81 shâba (ùèáçò) b [pronouncd shaw - VAHÌ] to swar, to imprcat, to curs, to swar an oath, to tak a solmn oath, to swar allgianc rd 3 prson masculin singular, Niphal imprfct Strong's #7650 BDB #989 lâmd (ìà) [pronouncd l ] to, for, towards, in rgards to dirctional/rlational prposition with th 3 rd prson masculin plural suffix No Strong s # BDB #510

265 5589 Th Book of Dutronomy Translation:...nor will H forgt th covnant [that H mad with] your fathrs, which [covnant] H swor to thm. God will not forgt His covnant that H mad with th fathrs of ths popl with th patriarchs. God swor this covnant to thm and w can dpnd upon Him to do with Abraham s sons as H promisd. Dutronomy 4:31 (graphic); from xaris xprssions; accssd May 16, Ovr and ovr again, God promiss th Jws that H will not forgt thir covnant: Lv. 26:42, Psalm 105:8 111:5, 9 Jr. 14:21 Luk 1:72. Moss has just dscribd dspicabl bhavior which would rsult in th Jws bing scattrd throughout th Gntil nations, yt h points out that God will not fail any on of thm (you is in th singular), nor will H dstroy thm (you again is in th singular, but this is takn as th ntir Jwish rac) and God will nvr forgt th covnant which H mad to thir fathrs. Thr ar svral dnominations and cults which spiritualiz Isral and think that thy ar th fulfillmnt of th covnants mad by God to Isral. W ar not! Thos in th Church Ag blong to an ntirly diffrnt program. W ar not unrlatd, by any mans, but w ar not quivalnt to th Jwish rac. God has promisd that th Jws would rmain on this arth and maintain thir racial idntity, and thy hav. God will nvr forgt th covnant which H has mad to Abraham, to Isaac and to Jacob. On of Satan's programs is to liminat th Jwish rac. From whr do you think coms all of this anti-smitism? Satan would lik to compltly dstroy th Jwish rac thn God could not kp His promiss which H has mad to th Jws and God would b shown to b a liar. Throughout God's Word, w will continually b rassurd of Isral's plac in history. But Zion said, Jhovah has forsakn m, and Jhovah has forgottn m. Can a woman forgt hr nursing child and hav no compassion on th son of hr womb? Evn ths may forgt, but I will not forgt you. Bhold, I hav inscribd you on th palms of My hands; your walls ar continually bfor M...Bhold, I will lif up My hand to th nations and st up My standard to th popls, and thy will bring your sons in thir bosom and your daughtrs will b carrid on thir shouldrs, and kings will b your guardians and thir princsss your nurss. Thy will bow down toy you with thir facs to th arth, and thy will lick th dust of your ft, and you will know that I am Jhovah. Thos who hopfully wait for M will not b put to sham...evn th captivs of th mighty man will b takn away, and th pry of th tyrant will b rscud, for I will contnd with th on who contnds with you and I will sav your sons. And I will fd your opprssors with thir own flsh, and thy will bcom drunk with thir own blood as with swt win, and all flsh will know that I, Jhovah, am your Savior, and your rdmr, th Mighty On of Jacob. (Isa. 49:14 16, 22 23, 25 26). God has not forgottn Isral and God will nvr forgt Isral. No man can study th Old Tstamnt or th book of Rvlation, and think vn for a momnt that Isral is no longr in God s plan. Th sons of Isral would fail God ovr and ovr again; howvr, Y howah is compassionat. "Th Lord, Y howah God, [is] compassionat and gracious, slow to angr, and abounding in grac and truth, who prsrv grac for thousands, who forgiv iniquity, transgrssion and sin; yt H will by no mans lav [th guilty] unpunishd." (Ex. 34:6b 7a). Covnant thologians, thos who bliv that th church is th spiritual Isral and that God has compltly cast Isral asid, ignor God's Word: To Abraham, God said, "And I will stablish My covnant btwn M and you and your dscndants aftr you throughout thir gnrations for an vrlasting covnant, to b God to you and to your dscndants aftr you. And I will giv to you and to your dscndants aftr you, th land of your sojournings, all th land of Canaan, for an vrlasting possssion; and I will b thir God." (Gn. 17:7 8). "Y howah, your God, is th on Who gos with you. H will not fail you or forsak you." (Dut. 31:6b). "For Y howah your God is a compassionat God; H will not fail you nor dstroy your nor forgt th covnant with your fathrs which H swor to thm." (Dut. 4:31). Go's grac xtndd to all nations, vn during th conomy of Isral. Jonah was calld by God to vangliz th Assyrians in Ninvah, and h chos to Suggstd by Trasury of Scriptural Knowldg; by Cann, Brown, Blayny, Scott, and othrs about 1880, with introduction 181 by R. A. Torry; courtsy of E-sword, Dut. 4:31.

266 Dutronomy Chaptr go th othr way bcaus h knw that if thy rspondd to his mssag, thn God would blss thm and not disciplin thm. And h prayd to Y howah and said "Plas, Y howah, was not this what I said whil I was still in my country? Thrfor, in ordr to forstall this I fld to Tarshish, for I knw that You ar a gracious and compassionat God, slow to angr and abundant in grac and on who rlnts concrning calamity." (Jonah 4:2). Lt your charactr b fr from th lov of mony; kp on bing contnt with what you hav; for H Himslf has said, "I will nvr not vr not nvr dsrt you, nor will I vr forsak you." (Hb. 13:5 Dut. 31:6). 182 "For I am with you," dclars Y howah, "To sav you. For I will dstroy compltly all th nations whr I hav scattrd you; only I will not dstroy you compltly, but I will chastn you justly and will by no mans lav you unpunishd." (Jr. 30:11). "Yt in spit of this whn thy ar in th land of thir nmis, I will not rjct thm, nor will I so abhor thm as to dstroy thm, braking My covnant with thm; for I am Y howah thir god. But I will rmmbr for thm th covnant with thir ancstors, whom I brought out of th land of Egypt in th sight of th nations, that I might b thir God. I am Y howah." (Lv. 26:44 45). God knw in trnity past that th Jws would fail ovr and ovr again. Prior to thir ntranc into th land, God spok of thir disprsion amongst th Gntil nations du to thir apostasy. If God did not know what Isral would do, thn God is not God. Finally, w hav th tstimony of th Nw Tstamnt. In talking about th rlationship of th gntils bing graftd into th tr, which is Isral, Paul writs: For th gifts and th calling of God ar irrvocabl. (Rom 11:29; ESV) For God dos not chang His mind about th gifts H givs and th popl H calls [to Him]. (Rom. 11:29; AUV NT) Ellicott: [God] did not go and tak Him a nation out of th midst of anothr nation in ordr to abandon thm at last. H nvr did so much in th way of prsonal and visibl intrposition for any popl; and H will not forsak th work of His own hands. Moss had provd th truth of what h says hr in 183 many scns of sin and pril avrtd by his own intrcssion. Ptr Ptt: And all this would happn bcaus `Yahwh your God is a mrciful God'. It was bcaus of His mrcy that H would not fail in His activitis towards thm, nor would H dstroy thm uttrly, nor would H forgt th covnant H had sworn to with thir fathrs. Thus in His mrcy H would carry through His purposs. Th promiss to thir forfathrs had burnd thmslvs dply into Moss' soul. It had mad him awar that whatvr thy did Yahwh would not allow it to thwart His purposs. H would chastis Isral until at last His purposs succdd. But H would nvr forgt 184 His mrcy in th nd. Today, w hav xactly what God prdictd: God s Prophcis about Isral Stand Tru Today 1. Th sons of Isral rmain with us vn to this day. 2. Thy ar scattrd throughout th Gntil world just as God had prdictd. 3. W know who thy ar; thy know who thy ar. Thy hav not lost thir national and racial idntity. 4. Thy ar undr svr disciplin; and, most importantly. 5. God has not forgottn thm nor has H forgottn His covnant to Abraham, Isaac or to Jacob. Th land of Canaan will b thir vrlasting possssion; it will bcom a land onc again flowing with milk and hony, rich in prosprity. And it will not b occupid by mmbrs of th church but by th sons of Isral, just as God had promisd. W do not hav to spiritualiz God's promiss to Isral; H will kp thm in th sam litral sns in which H gav thm. This is what th Bibl would say would happn. Chaptr Outlin Charts, Graphics and Short Doctrins 182 Not that ths vry words of Moss ar said to b th Words of God H Himslf; th contxt, Hb. 13:4, points dirctly to God and not to Moss. 183 From accssd May 10, From accssd May 13, 2015.

267 5591 Th Book of Dutronomy Dutronomy 4:31 A Promis from God (graphic); from 365 promiss; accssd May 16, Dut. 4:31, statd from God s point of viw: I will not forgt My promiss bcaus I am a mrciful (gracious) God. Chaptr Outlin Charts, Graphics and Short Doctrins vv : [If] you sk Y howah your Elohim from thr [outsid of th land], thn you will find Him if you sk Him with all your hart and with all your soul. During your tribulation, all ths words will find you, in th lattr days, and you will rturn to Y howah your Elohim and you will oby His voic. For God [= El] [is] mrciful. Y howah your Elohim will not fail you, nor will H dstroy you, nor will H forgt th covnant [that H mad with] your fathrs, which [covnant] H swor to thm. This is said in th contxt of bing outsid of th land, du to idolatry (putting anything ls ovr and abov God). Whn outsid of th land, th popl bgin to raliz th grat mistaks that thy had mad, and thy dsird fllowship with God onc again. Chaptr Outlin Charts, Graphics and Short Doctrins Has any god don what Y howah, your God, has don? Moss now tlls ths popl just how uniqu thir history has bn. Application: Whn you ar in th middl of your own history, you oftn tak vnts for grantd. This history of th Unitd Stats and its founding ar uniqu. God s blssing upon this country is uniqu. God s blssing by association to othr countris is uniqu. W hav all kinds of foolishnss taught in our schools about th Unitd Stats, so that som studnts vn larn from thir tachrs to hat thir own country as thy grow up. Application: Som vnts ar blown out of proportion; whil othr vnts do not appar to b as significant. Whn I was young, th assassination of John F. Knndy was thought to b on of th most important vnts of my lif; howvr, what cam to b far mor significant was Lyndon B. Johnson s war on povrty which followd soon thraftr. So, ths popl hav just xprincd a grat numbr of vnts. Thy had not rally sortd ths vnts in thir minds. Thrfor, Moss had to ducat ths popl. What has happnd to thm is not commonplac. This is quit xtraordinary, so Moss is xplaining thir history to thm in th light of thir God. Thr wr vn som vnts which thy wr not vn awar of. Whn in th dsrt, thir cloths and sandals did not war out. As a rsult, thy survivd mor asily; but th first gnration did not pass down thir swing and clothing skills to th nxt gnration. Application: This would b good for any young studnt, to undrstand th history of th Unitd Stats and how this is so intrtwind with th Word of God. Moss bgins with 3 rhtorical qustions in vv :

268 Dutronomy Chaptr For ask plas to days first which wr to For ask now rgarding th past days which facs of you [all] to from th day whn wr bfor you, from th day whn Elohim cratd Elohim man upon th arth and to Dutronomy cratd man upon th arth and from [on] from an nd of th [two] havns and as far 4:32 nd of th havns to th [othr] nd of th as an nd of th [two] havns, has bn in havns, has this grat word bn hard [that th word th grat th this or has bn hard is] lik it? lik him? So, ask now about th days which ar past, th tim bfor you, from th day that God cratd man on th arth, has such a grat thing vr bn hard anywhr in th havns? Or anything lik it? Hr is how othrs hav translatd this vrs: Ancint txts: Masortic Txt (Hbrw) Targum of Onklos Latin Vulgat Pshitta (Syriac) Sptuagint (Grk) Significant diffrncs: For ask plas to days first which wr to facs of you [all] to from th day whn cratd Elohim man upon th arth and to from an nd of th [two] havns and as far as an nd of th [two] havns, has bn in th word th grat th this or has bn hard lik him? For ask now th gnrations which hav bn from th days of th bginning, which hav bn bfor th from th day whn th Lord cratd man upon th arth, from on nd of th havns to th othr, whthr so grat a thing as this hath bn, or any lik to it hath bn hard? Ask of th days of old, that hav bn bfor thy tim from th day that God cratd man upon th arth, from on nd of havn to th othr nd throf, if vr thr was don th lik thing, or it hath bn known at any tim. For ask now about th days that ar past, which wr bfor you, sinc th day that God cratd man upon th arth, and ask from on nd of havn to th othr whthr thr has bn any such thing as this grat thing is, or has bn hard lik it. Ask of th formr days which wr bfor you, from th day whn God cratd man upon th arth; and bginning at th on nd of havn to th othr, if thr has vr happnd such a grat vnt as this; if such a thing has vr bn hard;... Th targum adds gnrations. Bfor you is on way of translating to facs of you. Limitd Vocabulary Translations: Bibl in Basic English Easy English Easy-to-Rad Vrsion Giv thought now to th days which ar past, bfor your tim, from th day whn God first gav lif to man on th arth, and sarching from on nd of havn to th othr, s if such a grat thing as this has vr bn, or if anything lik it has bn talkd of in story. Th LORD is God. Ask m now about th things that happnd many yars ago. Ask about th days bfor you wr aliv. Ask how God mad mn and womn on th arth. Ask popl from vry country in th world. Nothing as grat as this has vr happnd. Popl hav nvr hard of anything lik this. Has anything this grat vr happnd bfor? Nvr! Look at th past. Think about all th things that happnd bfor you wr born. Go all th way back to th tim whn God mad popl on th arth. Look at all th things that hav happnd anywhr in th world. Has anyon vr hard about anything as grat as this? No!

269 5593 Th Book of Dutronomy Good Nws Bibl (TEV) Nams of God Bibl NIRV Nw Simplifid Bibl "Sarch th past, th tim bfor you wr born, all th way back to th tim whn God cratd human bings on th arth. Sarch th ntir arth. Has anything as grat as this vr happnd bfor? Has anyon vr hard of anything lik this? Sarch th distant past, long bfor your tim. Start from th vry day Elohim cratd popl on arth. Sarch from on nd of havn to th othr. Has anything as grat as this vr happnd bfor, or has anything lik it vr bn hard of? Th Lord Is God Ask now about th days of long ago. Find out what happnd long bfor your tim. Ask about what has happnd sinc th tim God cratd human bings on th arth. Ask from on nd of th world to th othr. Has anything as grat as this vr happnd? Has anything lik it vr bn hard of?»ask about th days from th past. A tim that cam bfor you, sinc th day that God cratd man upon th arth. And ask from on sid of havn to th othr whthr thr has vr bn anything lik this grat thing, or anything lik it has bn hard? Thought-for-thought translations; paraphrass: Nw Cntury Vrsion Nw Lif Vrsion Nw Living Translation Th Lord Is Grat Nothing lik this has vr happnd bfor! Look at th past, long bfor you wr vn born. Go all th way back to whn God mad humans on th arth, and look from on nd of havn to th othr. Nothing lik this has vr bn hard of! "Ask about th past days, th days bfor your tim, sinc th day that God mad man on th arth. Ask from on nd of th havns to th othr. Has anything bn don lik this grat thing? Has anything bn hard lik it? Thr Is Only On God "Now sarch all of history, from th tim God cratd popl on th arth until now, and sarch from on nd of th havns to th othr. Has anything as grat as this vr bn sn or hard bfor? Partially litral and partially paraphrasd translations: Amrican English Bibl Intrnational Standard V Nw Advnt (Knox) Bibl Translation for Translators 'Ask from on nd of th sky to th othr. sinc th tim that God cratd man on th arth; has anyon vr hard of such a grat thing happning... Who is Lik th LORD? "Indd, ask from on nd of th havns to th othr about days of old, bfor your tim, whn God cratd mankind on th arth. Did w vr hav anything as grat as this, or vr har of anything lik it? Sarch th history of th days that wnt bfor th, far back as th tim whn God mad man on th arth, wid as arth's nd from arth's nd; is thr any othr rcord of such happnings? Only Yahwh is God "Now think about th past, about th tim bfor you wr born, about all th tim sinc God first cratd popl hr on th arth. You could sarch vrywhr, in havn and on th arth. Has anything lik this vr happnd that is as grat as what Yahwh did for th Israli popl?/crtainly nothing has vr happnd that is as grat as what Yahwh did for th Israli popl. [RHQ] Has anyon vr hard of anything lik this?/crtainly no on has vr hard of anything lik this. Mostly litral rndrings (with som occasional paraphrasing): Ancint Roots Translinar Plas ask of th first days, which wr in front of you, from th day that God cratd humans ovr th land. Ask from nd unto nd in th havns. Was a word as grat as this, or hard similar to it?

270 Dutronomy Chaptr Frrar-Fnton Bibl Lxham English Bibl NIV UK Thrfor sarch, now, th formr tims that wr bfor you, - from th tim whn God constructd man upon th arth, - and from on xtrm of th havns to th othr xtrm of th havns, - has thr vr bn such a grat vnt as this? - or has thr bn hard its lik? "Ys, ask, plas, about formr days that prcdd you [Litrally "that thy wr to th fac of you"] from th day that God cratd humankind on th arth; ask vn from on nd of th havn up to th othr nd of havn whthr anything vr happnd [Litrally "was it vr"] lik this grat thing or whthr anything lik it was vr hard [Litrally "was it vr hard as it"]. Th Lord is God Ask now about th formr days, long bfor your tim, from th day God cratd human bings on th arth; ask from on nd of th havns to th othr. Has anything so grat as this vr happnd, or has anything lik it vr bn hard of? Catholic Bibls (thos having th imprimatur): Christian Community (1988) Chosn by God Ask of th tims past. Inquir from th day whn God cratd man on arth. Ask from on nd of th world to th othr: Has thr vr bn anything as xtraordinary as this?. Th Hritag Bibl Bcaus, plas inquir of th days that wr at th bginning, which wr facing back, sinc th day that God cratd Adam upon th arth, from th on xtrmity of th havns to th othr xtrmity of th havns, if thr has bn any word this grat, or has any bn hard lik it? Nw Amrican Bibl (2011) Ask now of th days of old, bfor your tim, vr sinc God cratd humankind upon th arth; ask from on nd of th sky to th othr: Did anything so grat vr happn bfor? Was it vr hard of? Nw Jrusalm Bibl 'Put this qustion, thn, to th ags that ar past, that hav gon bfor you, from whn God cratd th human rac on arth: Was thr vr a word so majstic, from on nd of havn to th othr? Was anything lik it vr hard? Nw RSV For ask now about formr ags, long bfor your own, vr sinc th day that God cratd human bings on th arth; ask from on nd of havn to th othr: has anything so grat as this vr happnd or has its lik vr bn hard of? Rvisd English Bibl Sarch into days gon by, long bfor your tim, bginning at th day whn God cratd man on arth; sarch from on nd of havn to th othr, and ask if any dd as mighty as this has bn sn or hard. Jwish/Hbrw Nams Bibls: Complt Jwish Bibl xgss companion Bibl JPS (Tanakh 1985) Judaica Prss Complt T. "Indd, inquir about th past, bfor you wr born: sinc th day God cratd human bings on th arth, from on nd of havn to th othr, has thr vr bn anything as wondrful as this? Has anyon hard anything lik it? For ask, I bsch, of th first days at your fac, sinc th day Elohim cratd humanity on th arth, from th nd of th havns to th nd of th havns, whthr thr has bn such as this grat word, or has bn hard th lik? You hav but to inquir about bygon ags that cam bfor you, vr sinc God cratd man on arth, from on nd of havn to th othr: has anything as grand as this vr happnd, or has its lik vr bn known? For ask now rgarding th arly days that wr bfor you, sinc th day that God cratd man upon th arth, and from on nd of th havns to th othr nd of

271 5595 Th Book of Dutronomy Kaplan Translation Orthodox Jwish Bibl Th Scripturs 1998 th havns, whthr thr was anything lik this grat thing, or was th liks of it hard? You might inquir about tims long past, going back to th tim that God cratd man on arth, [xploring] on nd of th havns to th othr. S if anything as grat as this has vr happnd, or if th lik has vr bn hard. For ask now of th yamim that ar past, which wr bfor th, sinc th yom that Elohim bara man upon Ha'Artz, and ask from th on sid of Shomayim unto th othr, whthr thr hath bn any such thing as this grat thing is, or hath bn hard lik it? For ask now of th days that ar past, which wr bfor you, sinc th day that Elohim cratd man on th arth, and ask from on nd of th havns to th othr nd of th havns, whthr thr has bn a Word as grat as this, or has bn hard lik it.. Expandd/Embllishd Bibls: Th Expandd Bibl Krtzmann s Commntary NET Bibl Syndin/Thim Th Voic Th Lord Is Grat L Nothing lik this has vr happnd bfor! Look at th past [ Ask about th L formr days], long bfor you wr vn born [ you]. Go all th way back to whn God mad [cratd] humans on th arth [Gn. 1:26-27], and look from on nd L of havn to th othr. Nothing lik this has vr [ Has anything as grat as this.?] bn hard of! For ask now of th days that ar past, sarch th rcords of th world's history from th bginning, which wr bfor th, sinc th day that God cratd man upon th arth, and ask from th on sid of havn unto th othr, as far as th world xtnds, whthr thr hath bn any such thing as this grat thing is, or hath bn hard lik it. Th Uniqunss of Isral's God Indd, ask about th distant past, starting from th day God cratd humankind on th arth, and ask [Th vrb is not prsnt in th Hbrw txt but has bn supplid in th translation for clarification. Th challng has both tmporal and gographical dimnsions. Th popl ar challngd to (1) inquir about th ntir scop of past history and (2) conduct thir invstigation on a worldwid scal.] from on nd of havn to th othr, whthr thr has vr bn such a grat thing as this, or vn a rumor of it. For ask now {whn you ar in th jam} of th days that ar past, which wr bfor you, sinc th day that 'Elohim/Godhad cratd man upon th arth, and ask from th on sid of havn unto th othr, whthr thr has bn any such thing as this grat thing is, or has bn hard lik it? Ask anyon who's vr livd: has anything this grat vr happnd bfor? Has anyon vn hard of anything lik it? Not sinc th day God first cratd humanity, not anywhr in th cosmos, from on nd to th othr. Litral, almost word-for-word, rndrings: Contxt Group Vrsion English Standard Vrsion God s Truth (Tyndal) Ask now of th days that ar past, which wr bfor you, sinc th day that God cratd man on th land { or arth }, and from th on nd of th skis {or havns} to th othr, whthr thr has bn [ any such thing ] as this grat thing is, or has bn hard lik it? "For ask now of th days that ar past, which wr bfor you, sinc th day that God cratd man on th arth, and ask from on nd of havn to th othr, whthr such a grat thing as this has vr happnd or was vr hard of. For ask pray you of th days that ar past which wr bfor you, sinc th day that God cratd man upon th arth and from th on sid of havn unto th othr,

272 Dutronomy Chaptr NASB Nw King Jams Vrsion Updatd Bibl Vrsion 2.11 World English Bibl Young s Updatd LT Th gist of this vrs: whthr anything has bn lik unto this grat thing or whthr any such thing has bn hard as it is, that a nation has hard th voic of God spaking out of fir as you hav hard, and yt livd? "Indd, ask now concrning th formr days which wr bfor you, sinc th day that God cratd man [Or Adam] on th arth, and inquir from on nd of th havns to th othr. Has anything bn don lik this grat thing, or has anything bn hard lik it? "For ask now concrning th days that ar past, which wr bfor you, sinc th day that God cratd man on th arth, and ask from on nd of havn to th othr, whthr any grat thing lik this has happnd, or anything lik it has bn hard. Ask now of th days that ar past, which wr bfor you, sinc th day that God cratd man on th arth, and from th on nd of havn to th othr, whthr thr has bn [any such thing] as this grat thing is, or has bn hard lik it? For ask now of th days that ar past, which wr bfor you, sinc th day that God cratd man on th arth, and from th on nd of th sky to th othr, whthr thr has bn any such thing as this grat thing is, or has bn hard lik it? For, ask, I pray you, at th formr days which hav bn bfor you, from th day that God prpard man on th arth, and from th on nd of th havns vn unto th othr nd of th havns, whthr thr has bn as this grat thing or has bn hard lik it? Moss asks, has anything lik this happnd bfor at any othr tim in human history? Dutronomy 4:32a Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs kîy (ëìäé) [pronouncd k] for, that, bcaus; whn, at that tim, which, what tim xplanatory or tmporal conjunction; prposition Strong's #3588 BDB #471 shâ al (ùèàçì) [pronouncd shaw-ahl] ask [ptition, rqust, inquir]; mak a rqust [ptition]; dmand [rquir]; qustion, intrrogat; ask [for a loan]; consult; salut nd 2 prson masculin singular, Qal imprativ Strong s #7592 BDB #981 nâ (ðèà) [pronouncd naw] now; plas, I pray you, I rspctfully implor (ask, or rqust of) you, I urg you a primitiv particl of incitmnt and ntraty Strong's #4994 BDB #609 lâmd (ìà) [pronouncd l ] to, for, towards, in rgards to dirctional/rlational prposition No Strong s # BDB #510 yâmîym (éèîäéí) [pronouncd yaw- MEEM] days, a st of days; tim of lif, liftim; a spcific tim priod, a yar masculin plural noun Strong s #3117 BDB #398 rî shônâh (øäàùéðèä) [pronouncd r-show- NAW] first [in tim, in dgr], chif, formr [in tim], past; ancstors, formr things; formost; bginning masculin plural adjctiv Strong s #7223 BDB #911

273 5597 Th Book of Dutronomy Dutronomy 4:32a Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs ãshr (àâéùæø) [pronouncd uh-sher] that, which, whn, who, whom; whr rlativ pronoun Strong's #834 BDB #81 hâyâh (äèéèä) [pronouncd haw-yaw] to b, is, was, ar; to bcom, to com into bing; to com to pass rd 3 prson plural, Qal prfct Strong's #1961 BDB #224 lâmd (ìà) [pronouncd l ] to, for, towards, in rgards to dirctional/rlational prposition No Strong s # BDB #510 pânîym (ôìèðäéí) [pronouncd paw- NEEM] fac, facs countnanc; prsnc masculin plural noun (plural acts lik English singular); with th 2 nd prson masculin singular suffix Strong s #6440 BDB #815 Togthr, thy litrally translat to, to your facs. Howvr, thy proprly man bfor you, bfor your fac, in your prsnc, in your sight, in front of you. Whn usd with God, it can tak on th mor figurativ maning in Your judgmnt. Translation: For ask now rgarding th past days which wr bfor you,... Past (or formr) days is a simpl idiom maning past history. Moss is looking off to a tim in th futur, whr th Isralits ar no longr in th land whr thy hav continually disobyd God and hav gon aftr othr gods and now thy ar to go to God and mak a rqust, basd upon th days of th past basd upon ths days so many yars ago basd upon God s promiss to His frind, Abraham. Dutronomy 4:32b Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs lâmd (ìà) [pronouncd l ] to, for, towards, in rgards to dirctional/rlational prposition No Strong s # BDB #510 min (îäï) [pronouncd mihn] from, off, out from, out of, away from, on account of, sinc, than, mor than prposition of sparation Strong's #4480 BDB #577 Th lâmd prfixd prposition and min togthr almost always form what BDB calls a trminus a quo, which 185 mans a starting point, th arlist possibl dat, or nd from which. W can rndr th two togthr as for from, vn from, from. yôwm (éåéí) [pronouncd yohm] day; tim; today (with a dfinit articl) masculin singular noun with th dfinit articl Strong s #3117 BDB #398 ãshr (àâéùæø) [pronouncd uh-sher] that, which, whn, who, whom; whr rlativ pronoun Strong's #834 BDB # Dictionary of Forign Words in English; John Ayto; Woodsworth Editions Ltd., Hrtfordshir; 1991, p. 302.

274 Dutronomy Chaptr Dutronomy 4:32b Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs bârâ (áìèøèà) [pronouncd baw-rawh] to crat; to crat somthing from nrgy [or from th immatrial]; to crat that which is immatrial; to produc; to shap, to fashion rd 3 prson masculin singular, Qal prfct Strong s #1254 BDB #135 Ìlôhîym (àìéääéí) [pronouncd l-o-heem] God; gods, forign gods, god; rulrs, judgs; suprhuman ons, angls; translitratd Elohim masculin plural noun Strong's #430 BDB #43 âdâm (àèãèí) [pronouncd aw-dawm] a man, a human bing, mankind; translitratd Adam masculin singular noun Strong's #120 & #121 BDB #9 Th word th Adam can man man, mankind, humankind, mn, human bings. Th NET Bibl: Th Hbrw trm àèãèí ( adam) may rfr ithr to Adam or, mor likly, to man in th sns of th human rac ( mankind, humankind ). Th ida hr sms mor univrsal in scop than rfrnc to 186 Adam alon would suggst. al (òçì) [pronouncd ìahl] upon, byond, on, against, abov, ovr, by, bsid prposition of proximity Strong s #5920, #5921 BDB #752 rts (àæøæõ) [pronouncd EH-rts] arth (all or a portion throf), land, trritory, country, continnt; ground, soil; undr th ground [Shol] fminin singular noun with th dfinit articl Strong's #776 BDB #75 Translation:...from th day whn Elohim cratd man upon th arth... Rgarding what God has don to Isral, and what God has promisd Abraham, Moss wants ths popl to look back, to whn God cratd man on th arth in th first plac. Dutronomy 4:32c Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs w (or v ) (åà or åì) [pronouncd wh] and, vn, thn; namly; whn; sinc, that; though; as wll as simpl wâw conjunction No Strong s # BDB #251 lâmd (ìà) [pronouncd l ] to, for, towards, in rgards to dirctional/rlational prposition No Strong s # BDB #510 min (îäï) [pronouncd mihn] from, off, out from, out of, away from, on account of, sinc, than, mor than prposition of sparation Strong's #4480 BDB # From accssd April 8, 2015 (footnot).

275 5599 Th Book of Dutronomy Dutronomy 4:32c Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs Th lâmd prfixd prposition and min togthr almost always form what BDB calls a trminus a quo, which 187 mans a starting point, th arlist possibl dat, or nd from which. W can rndr th two togthr as for from, vn from, from. qâtsh ( ÈöÆä) [pronouncd kaw-tseh] nd, xtrmity, bordr, outskirts; th whol [which includs th xtrmitis]; at th nd of [a crtain tim]; th sum masculin singular construct Strong s #7097 BDB #892 shâmayîm (ùèîçéäí) [pronouncd shaw-mahyim] havn, havns, skis; th visibl havns, as in as abod of th stars or as th visibl univrs, th sky, atmosphr, tc.; Havn (as th abod of God) masculin dual noun with th dfinit articl Strong s #8064 BDB #1029 w (or v ) (åà or åì) [pronouncd wh] and, vn, thn; namly; whn; sinc, that; though; as wll as simpl wâw conjunction No Strong s # BDB #251 ad (òçã) [pronouncd ìahd] as far as, vn to, up to, until; whil, so long as; to, vn to [som crtain limit]; vn to [unto], unto prposition of duration or of limits Strong s #5704 BDB #723 qâtsh ( ÈöÆä) [pronouncd kaw-tseh] nd, xtrmity, bordr, outskirts; th whol [which includs th xtrmitis]; at th nd of [a crtain tim]; th sum masculin singular construct Strong s #7097 BDB #892 shâmayîm (ùèîçéäí) [pronouncd shaw-mahyim] havn, havns, skis; th visibl havns, as in as abod of th stars or as th visibl univrs, th sky, atmosphr, tc.; Havn (as th abod of God) masculin dual noun with th dfinit articl Strong s #8064 BDB #1029 Translation:...and from [on] nd of th havns to th [othr] nd of th havns,... Th phras from on nd of havns vn unto th othr nd of havns rfrs to a swping look of on who bgins whr th arth sms to touch th havns in on dirction around to th opposit compass point whr th arth sms to touch th havns thr; this swping look taks in all of th arth and all of th havns, making this idiomatic for th ntir univrs. Although I hsitat to say this dogmatically, thr appars to b good rason to bliv that what has occurrd hr on arth is uniqu throughout th ntir univrs. That is, thr ar no xtratrrstrials, thr ar no othr plants whr thr is lif; God did that hr and th othr plants and solar bodis ar simply "...for signs, and for sasons, and for days and yars; and lt thm b for lights in th xpans of th havns to giv light on th arth"; and it cam to pass (Gn. 1:14b 15). Again, I am not ntirly convincd of myslf of this, but I would lan toward this intrprtation rathr than on which allows for lif similar to ours on othr plants. Whthr somthing will com of th othr plants off in trnity is anothr mattr altogthr. So, during this tim, from whn God mad man, sarching th havns from on nd to th othr Dictionary of Forign Words in English; John Ayto; Woodsworth Editions Ltd., Hrtfordshir; 1991, p. 302.

276 Dutronomy Chaptr Dutronomy 4:32d Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs hã (äâ) [pronouncd hh] intrrogativ particl which acts almost lik a pic of punctuation, lik th upsid-down qustion mark which bgins a Spanish sntnc. Th vrb to b may b implid. This can b usd in an indirct intrrogation and translatd whthr. Strong s #non BDB #209 Hã (äâ) [pronouncd hh] usually an intrrogativ particl; but can act as indirct intrrogation and b translatd if, whthr [or not]. hâyâh (äèéèä) [pronouncd haw-yaw] to occur, to com to pass, to b brought about; to b don, to b finishd, to b gon rd 3 prson masculin singular, Niphal prfct Strong's #1961 BDB #224 h b (áìà) [pronouncd b ] in, into, at, by, nar, on, with, bfor, against, by mans of, among, within a prposition of proximity No Strong s # BDB #88 dâbâr (ãìèáèø) [pronouncd b daw -VAWR] word, saying, doctrin, thing, mattr, command masculin singular noun with th dfinit articl Strong's #1697 BDB #182 gâdôwl (âìèãåéì) [pronouncd gaw-dohl] larg, grat or mighty [in powr, nobility, walth; in numbr, or magnitud and xtnt], loud; ldr, oldr, important, distinguishd; vast, unyilding, immutabl, significant, astonishing masculin singular adjctiv with th dfinit articl Strong s #1419 BDB #152 zh (ææä) [pronouncd zh] hr, this, this on; thus; possibly anothr masculin singular dmonstrativ adjctiv with a dfinit articl Strong s #2088, 2090 (& 2063) BDB #260 Togthr, dâbâr zh man this thing, this mattr, this command. Litrally, togthr, thy would b translatd th word th this. ôw (àåé) [pronouncd oh] or, or rathr, othrwis, also, and; if, prchanc; xcpt, or ls; whthr, not th last conjunction Strong's #176 BDB #14 hã (äâ) [pronouncd hh] intrrogativ particl which acts almost lik a pic of punctuation, lik th upsid-down qustion mark which bgins a Spanish sntnc. Th vrb to b may b implid. This can b usd in an indirct intrrogation and translatd whthr. Strong s #non BDB #209 Hã (äâ) [pronouncd hh] usually an intrrogativ particl; but can act as indirct intrrogation and b translatd if, whthr [or not]. shâma (ùèîçò) [pronouncd shaw- MAHÌ] to b hard; to b rgardd, to b card for; to b hard and answrd; to rndr obdinc, to oby; to b undrstood rd 3 prson masculin singular, Niphal prfct Strong's #8085 BDB #1033

277 5601 Th Book of Dutronomy Dutronomy 4:32d Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs k mô (ëìàîåé) [pronouncd k moh] lik, as, whn; thus, so; whn, aftrwards, as soon as advrb/conjunction with rd th 3 prson masculin singular suffix Strong s #3644 BDB #455 Translation:...has this grat word bn hard [that is] lik it? Has thr bn anything lik this bfor? Has God vn mad such assurancs to a nation bfor? Has this vr bn hard bfor? Has this vr bn hard bfor in all of havn? Th Isralits ar njoind by Moss hr to xamin th history of all mankind, going back all of th way to Adam; thy ar to xamin what has occurrd throughout th univrs, from on nd of th havns to th othr nd. Has thr vr occurrd in th past, anywhr anything lik th promiss which God has mad to th sons of Isral? What has happnd to Isral is absolutly uniqu th promiss which God has mad to Isral ar absolutly uniqu. God s intractions with Isral ar uniqu. Ptr Ptt: By a sris of qustions H now brings hom to thm why thir Ovrlord has a right to xpct thir obdinc. Th first qustion is concrning th `days that ar past' from cration onwards, and concrning vnts happning from on nd of havn to th othr. Can anyon, h asks, nam any tim or plac whr such a grat thing has happnd lswhr as has happnd to Isral? Can anyon say whr such a thing has vn bn hard of? 188 Dnominations tnd to mov toward covnant thology bcaus thy do not xamin vrs by vrs all of th Old Tstamnt, which again and again tstifis to th uniqunss of Isral's plac in history. Application: Th rol of God in th cration and prsrvation of th Unitd Stats is uniqu as wll; but it is still nothing lik Isral s. Job 8:8 10 "For inquir, plas, of bygon ags, and considr what th fathrs hav sarchd out. For w ar but of ystrday and know nothing, for our days on arth ar a shadow. Will thy not tach you and tll you and uttr words out of thir undrstanding? Jol 1:2 3 Har this, you ldrs; giv ar, all inhabitants of th land! Has such a thing happnd in your days, or in th days of your fathrs? Tll your childrn of it, and lt your childrn tll thir childrn, and thir childrn to anothr gnration. Th amazing things which hav bn said, which th Isralits hav hard, that is what Moss will say nxt. At this point, w look at som of th amazing things which hav bn said and which th Isralits hav hard. Has hard a popl a voic of Elohim What popl hav hard th voic of Elohim Dutronomy spaking from a midst of th fir as which spaking [to thm] from th midst of th fir, 4:33 you hav hard, [vn] you, and so h livs? as you hav hard, and [yt] is [still] aliv? What popl hav vr hard th voic of God spaking to thm from th midst of a fir, as you hav hard, and yt is still aliv? Hr is how othrs hav translatd this vrs: 188 From accssd May 13, 2015.

278 Dutronomy Chaptr Ancint txts: Masortic Txt (Hbrw) Targum of Onklos Latin Vulgat Pshitta (Syriac) Sptuagint (Grk) Significant diffrncs: Has hard a popl a voic of Elohim spaking from a midst of th fir as which you hav hard, [vn] you, and so h livs? Hath it vr bn that a popl should har th voic of th Word of th Lord, th Living God, spaking from th midst of fir, as you hard, and rmaind aliv? That a popl should har th voic of God spaking out of th midst of fir, as you hav hard, and livd? Did any othr popl vr har th voic of God spaking out of th midst of th fir, as you hav hard, and liv?...if a nation has hard th voic of th living God spaking out of th midst of th fir, as you hav hard, and hav livd! Non. Limitd Vocabulary Translations: Bibl in Basic English Easy English Easy-to-Rad Vrsion Th Mssag Nams of God Bibl NIRV Nw Simplifid Bibl Has any popl vr gon on living aftr haring th voic of God out of th hart of th fir as you did? Only you, th Isralits, hav hard th voic of God and hav not did. You hav hard him spaking to you from th fir. And you hav still livd! You popl hard God spaking to you from a fir, and you ar still aliv! Has that vr happnd to anyon ls? No! Ask qustions. Find out what has bn going on all ths yars bfor you wr born. From th day God cratd man and woman on this Earth, and from th horizon in th ast to th horizon in th wst-as far back as you can imagin and as far away as you can imagin-has as grat a thing as this vr happnd? Has anyon vr hard of such a thing? Has a popl vr hard, as you did, a god spaking out of th middl of th fir and livd to tll th story? V. 32 is includd for contxt. Hav any othr popl vr hard Elohim spak from a fir and livd? You did! You hard th voic of God spaking out of fir. And you livd! Has that happnd to any othr popl?»did popl vr har th voic of God spaking out of th middl of th fir, as you hav hard, and liv? Thought-for-thought translations; paraphrass: Common English Bibl Th Living Bibl Nw Cntury Vrsion Nw Lif Vrsion Nw Living Translation Has any popl vr listnd to a god's voic spaking out of fir, as ach of you hav, and survivd? "In all history, going back to th tim whn God cratd man upon th arth, sarch from on nd of th havns to th othr to s if you can find anything lik this: An ntir nation hard th voic of God spaking to it from fir, as you did, and livd! V. 32 is includd for contxt. No othr popl hav vr hard God spak from a fir and hav still livd. But you hav. Hav any popl vr hard th voic of God spaking from th cntr of th fir, as you hav hard it, and still liv? Has any nation vr hard th voic of God [Or voic of a god.] spaking from fir-as you did-and survivd? Partially litral and partially paraphrasd translations:

279 5603 Th Book of Dutronomy Amrican English Bibl Intrnational Standard V Nw Advnt (Knox) Bibl Translation for Translators...has any nation vr hard th voic of th living God spaking out of th midst of fir, as you'v hard it and xprincd it? Has any popl hard th voic of God spaking from th middl of a fir just as you did [Lit. hard], and survivd it? That a popl should har th voic of God spaking out of th hart of th flams, as thou didst, and liv to tll of it? Has any group vr rmaind aliv aftr thy hard a god spak to thm from th middl of a fir, lik w did?/crtainly no group has vr rmaind aliv aftr thy hard a god spak to thm from th middl of a fir, lik w did. [RHQ] Mostly litral rndrings (with som occasional paraphrasing): Ancint Roots Translinar Frrar-Fnton Bibl Lxham English Bibl Do popl har th voic of God spaking from th midst of th fir as you hard, and liv?... or has thr bn hard its lik? a Popl who hard th VOICE of GOD spaking from amid th fir, as you hard it, - and livd? Has a popl vr hard th voic of God spaking from th midst of th fir, just as you hard it, and livd? Catholic Bibls (thos having th imprimatur): Christian Community (1988) Has anything lik this bn hard of bfor? Has thr vr bn a popl who rmaind aliv aftr haring as you did th voic of th living God from th midst of th fir? Th Hritag Bibl Has any popl attntivly hard th voic of God spaking out of th midst of th fir, what you hav attntivly hard, and liv? Nw Amrican Bibl (2011) Did a popl vr har th voic of God spaking from th midst of fir, as you did, and liv? Dt 4:36; 5:24, 26; Ex 20:19. Nw Jrusalm Bibl Did vr a popl har th voic of th living God spaking from th hart of th fir, as you hav hard it, and rmain aliv? Rvisd English Bibl Did any popl vr har th voic of a god spaking from th hart of th fir, as you hard it, and rmain aliv? Jwish/Hbrw Nams Bibls: Complt Jwish Bibl xgss companion Bibl Kaplan Translation Orthodox Jwish Bibl Did any othr popl vr har th voic of God spaking out of a fir, as you hav hard, and stay aliv? Has a popl vr hard th voic of Elohim wording from midst th fir, as you hard, and livd?. Has any nation vr hard God spaking out of fir, as you hav, and still survivd? Did vr popl har th kol Elohim spaking out of th midst of th ish, as thou hast hard, and liv? Expandd/Embllishd Bibls: Th Expandd Bibl Krtzmann s Commntary NET Bibl Th Voic L No [ What.?] othr popl hav vr hard God spak from a fir and hav still livd. But you hav. Did vr popl har th voic of God spaking out of th midst of th fir, as thou hast hard, and liv? All of which gos to show that th Lord had singld out Isral for unusual manifstations of His kindnss. Hav a popl vr hard th voic of God spaking from th middl of fir, as you yourslvs hav, and livd to tll about it?. You hard th voic of God spaking from insid th fir at Mount Horb, and you survivd! No othr nation has vr don anything lik that.

280 Dutronomy Chaptr Litral, almost word-for-word, rndrings: Concordant Litral Vrsion English Standard Vrsion Grn s Litral Translation God s Truth (Tyndal) NASB Young s Updatd LT Th gist of this vrs: Has a popl vr hard th voic of th living Elohim spaking from th midst of th fir just as you hard it, and livd? Did any popl vr har th voic of a god spaking out of th midst of th fir, as you hav hard, and still liv? Has a popl hard th voic of God spaking from th midst of th fir, as you hav hard, and livd? For ask pray you of th days that ar past which wr bfor you, sinc th day that God cratd man upon th arth and from th on sid of havn unto th othr, whthr anything has bn lik unto this grat thing or whthr any such thing has bn hard as it is, that a nation has hard th voic of God spaking out of fir as you hav hard, and yt livd? V. 32 is includd for contxt. Has any popl hard th voic of God spaking from th midst of th fir, as you hav hard it, and survivd? Has a popl hard th voic of God spaking out of th midst of th fir, as you hav hard, you and dos liv? Moss asks, has any popl hard th voic of God coming from th midst of a fir, as thy had, and has livd to tll about it? Dutronomy 4:33a Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs hã (äâ) [pronouncd hh] intrrogativ particl which acts almost lik a pic of punctuation, lik th upsid-down qustion mark which bgins a Spanish sntnc. Th vrb to b may b implid. This can b usd in an indirct intrrogation and translatd whthr. Strong s #non BDB #209 Hã (äâ) [pronouncd hh] usually an intrrogativ particl; but can act as indirct intrrogation and b translatd if, whthr [or not]. shâma (ùèîçò) [pronouncd shaw- MAHÌ] to listn [intntly], to har, to listn and oby, [or, and act upon, giv hd to, tak not of], to harkn to, to b attntiv to, to listn and b cognizant of rd 3 prson masculin singular, Qal prfct Strong's #8085 BDB #1033 am (òçí) [pronouncd ìahm] popl; rac, trib; family, rlativs; citizns, common popl; companions, srvants; ntir human rac; hrd [of animals] masculin singular noun Strong s #5971 BDB #766 qôwl ( åéì) [pronouncd kohl] sound, voic, nois; loud nois, thundring masculin singular construct Strong s #6963 BDB #876 Ìlôhîym (àìéääéí) [pronouncd l-o-heem] God; gods, forign gods, god; rulrs, judgs; suprhuman ons, angls; translitratd Elohim masculin plural noun Strong's #430 BDB #43

281 5605 Th Book of Dutronomy Dutronomy 4:33a Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs dâbar (ãìèáçø) [pronouncd b daw -VAHR] spaking, talking [and backd with action], giving an opinion, xpounding, making a formal spch, spaking out; promising, proposing, spaking kindly of, dclaring, proclaiming, announcing Pil participl Strong s #1696 BDB #180 min (îäï) [pronouncd mihn] from, off, out from, out of, away from, on account of, sinc, than, mor than prposition of sparation Strong's #4480 BDB #577 tâvk ( úìèåæ) [pronouncd E taw-vek ] midst, among, middl masculin singular construct Strong's #8432 BDB #1063 With th min prposition, this can man from th midst [of anything]; out from, out of. sh (àæù) [pronouncd aysh] fir, lightning, suprnatural fir; prsnc of Y howah, th attndanc of a thophany fminin singular noun with th dfinit articl Strong's #784 BDB #77 kaph or k (ëìà) [pronouncd k ] lik, as, according to; about, approximatly prposition No Strong s # BDB #453 ãshr (àâéùæø) [pronouncd ash-er] that, which, whn, who, whom; whr rlativ pronoun Strong's #834 BDB #81 Togthr, ka ãshr (ëìçàâùæø) [pronouncd kah-uh-sher] mans as which, as on who, as, lik as, as just; bcaus; according to what mannr, in a mannr as, whn, about whn. Back in 1Sam. 12:8, I rndrd this for xampl. shâma (ùèîçò) [pronouncd shaw- MAHÌ] to listn [intntly], to har, to listn and oby, [or, and act upon, giv hd to, tak not of], to harkn to, to b attntiv to, to listn and b cognizant of nd 2 prson masculin singular, Qal prfct Strong's #8085 BDB #1033 m c 189 This is plural in 4QDut ; singular 4QDut MT SP LXX. attâh (àçúìèä) [pronouncd aht-taw] you (oftn, th vrb to b is implid) nd 2 prson masculin singular, prsonal pronoun Strong s #859 BDB #61 Translation: What popl hav hard th voic of Elohim spaking [to thm] from th midst of th fir, as you hav hard,... Rmmbr, th ky to this chaptr is things which th popl hav sn and hard. This maks thm a uniqu popl. No on has vr hard such things bfor; no on has vr sn such things bfor. Whn Isral first wr xposd to th voic of God, thy hard Him. Moss did not mandr off up th mountain and com back saying, I hav got th Word of God with m now. Ths popl many of thm standing right 189 Th Dad Sa Scrolls Bibl; translation and commntary by Martin Abgg Jr., Ptr Flint and Eugn Ulrich; Harpr SF, 1999, p. 153.

282 Dutronomy Chaptr in front of Moss at this tim actually hard God s voic. Thy actually hard God s voic spak to thm out from a fir. This was vryon who was aliv at that tim, and it was a frightning thing to har. Rmmbr, w ar talking about 2 million popl and thy can all har God s voic, and thy ar quit frightnd by th xprinc. Dutronomy 4:33b Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs wa (or va) (åç) [pronouncd wah] and so, and thn, thn, and; so, that, yt, thrfor, consquntly; bcaus wâw conscutiv No Strong s # BDB #253 châyâh (çèéèä) [pronouncd khaw-yaw] to liv, to hav lif, to rviv, to rcovr halth, to b hald, to b rfrshd rd 3 prson masculin singular, Qal imprfct Strong's #2421 & #2425 BDB #310 Translation:...and [yt] is [still] aliv? Who has sn anything lik this bfor? Who has hard anything lik this bfor? How can you har God s voic and you still liv? That is th qustion that Moss asks. This can b undrstood in two ways. If anyon hard God s voic, thy would suddnly di. Th othr undrstanding would b, if popl hav hard God s voic, thy apparntly must hav did, as w hav not hard about it. His point is wll takn, bcaus many of thos who first hard th voic of God ar standing in front of Moss right now, listning to this srmon. Thy know how thy flt; or, if thy wr too young, thy knw how thir fathrs flt about this. 190 Th Isralits hav hard, most of thm listning to Moss right thn had hard God spak to thm out of th lightning from th sky whn H spok to thm th Tn Commandmnts in Ex. 20; yt thy wr still aliv. Thn God spok all ths words. And all th popl prcivd th thundr and th lightning flashs [lit., fir] and th sound of th trumpt and th mountain smoking; and whn th popl saw it, thy trmbld and stood at a distanc. Thn thy said to Moss, "Spak to us yourslf and w will listn, but do not lt God spak [dirctly] to us, or w will di." (Ex. 20:1a, 18 19). Spaking of th Tn Commandmnts, Moss said, "Ths words Y howah spok to all your assmbly at th mountain from th midst of th fir; th cloud, and thick gloom, wiht a grat voic, and H addd no mor. And H wrot thm on two tablts of ston and gav thm to m. And it cam about, whn you hard th voic from th midst of th darknss, whil th mountain was burning with fir, that you cam nar to m, all th hads of your tribs and your ldrs, and you said, 'Bhold, Y howah our God has shown us His glory and His gratnss, and w hav hard His voic form th midst of th fir; w hav sn today that god spaks with man, yt h livs. Now thn, why should w di? For this grat fir will consum us; if w har th voic of Y howah our God any longr, thn w will di. For who is thr of all flsh who has hard th voic of th living God spaking from th midst of th fir, as w and livd?' " (Dut. 5:22 26). Most of us in th Church Ag hav no concpt of th absolut holinss of God; and thos who talk prsonally to Jsus whil washing dishs, supposdly haring His voic; and thos who viw Jsus as thir bst pal thy nvr will hav vn a clu as to th absolut holinss of God. Th fact that ths popl hard th voic of God and wr still aliv this is a wondr in itslf. Ptr Ptt: Th nxt qustion is, For what othr nation sinc th bginning of cration or anywhr ls in th world has God mad th attmpt to go and tak thm from th midst of anothr nation by 190 I am making th assumption that all of th popl including womn and childrn wr abl to har God, as this would hav bn a suprnatural vnt.

283 5607 Th Book of Dutronomy trials, signs, wondrs, war, a mighty hand, an outstrtchd arm and by grat trrors, in th way that Yahwh has by what H had don for Isral in Egypt? 191 Or has attmptd Elohim to go to tak for Himslf a nation from a middl of [anothr] nation by trials, by signs, by wondrs and by war; and with a hand mighty and with an arm strtchd out and with trrors grat as all which was don for you [all] Y howah your Elohim in Egypt to your ys? Dutronomy 4:34 Or has Elohim attmptd to go and [and] to tak a nation for Himslf from th midst of [anothr] nation, with trials, with signs, with wondrs, and with war; and with a mighty hand and with an outstrtchd arm, as wll as with grat trrors, as all that Y howah your Elohim did for you [all] in Egypt in your sight? Or has God vn gon into anothr nation and takn from thm a nation for Himslf? H did this with trials and with signs and wondrs; H usd His mighty strngth, H xtndd His arm to you Jhovah your God. H usd grat far in Egypt H did all of this in your sight. Hr is how othrs hav translatd this vrs: Ancint txts: Masortic Txt (Hbrw) Targum of Onklos Jrusalm targum Latin Vulgat Pshitta (Syriac) Sptuagint (Grk) Significant diffrncs: Or has attmptd Elohim to go to tak for Himslf a nation from a middl of [anothr] nation by trials, by signs, by wondrs and by war; and with a hand mighty and with an arm strtchd out and with trrors grat as all which was don for you [all] Y howah your Elohim in Egypt to your ys? Or, as th wondr which th Lord has wrought, rvaling Himslf to sparat a popl to Himslf from among anothr popl, by signs, by miracls, by portnts, by th victoris of ordrd battls, by an upliftd arm, and by grat visions, lik all that th Lord our God has don for us in Mizraim, and your ys bholding? Or what is th popl or kingdom that has hard?..... Or th signs which th Word of th Lord has wrought, coming to announc (that H would sparat) to Himslf a popl from among a popl? If God vr did so as to go, and tak to himslf a nation out of th midst of nations by tmptations, signs, and wondrs, by fight, and a strong hand, and strtchd out arm, and horribl visions according to all th things that th Lord your God did for you in Egypt, bfor your ys. Or hav thy trid out th God who wnt forth and took for himslf a nation from th midst of anothr nation, by trials, by signs and by wondrs and by war and by a mighty hand and by a strtchd out arm and by grat visions, according to all that th LORD your God did to th Egyptians bfor your ys? Or did God vr try to go and tak for Himslf a nation out of th midst of anothr nation by trials, by signs, by wondrs, by war, by a mighty hand and an outstrtchd arm, and by grat sights, according to all th things which th Lord our God did in Egypt in your sight? Th targum of Onklos has to sparat rathr than to tak. Th targum has grat visions rathr than a mighty hand. Th Jrusalm is much diffrnt; not sur if I matchd it up corrctly hr. Limitd Vocabulary Translations: Bibl in Basic English Has God vr bfor takn a nation for himslf from out of anothr nation, by punishmnts and signs and wondrs, by war and by a strong hand and a strtchd- 191 From accssd May 13, 2015.

284 Dutronomy Chaptr Easy English Easy-to-Rad Vrsion Good Nws Bibl (TEV) Th Mssag Nams of God Bibl NIRV Nw Simplifid Bibl out arm and grat acts of wondr and far, as th Lord your God did for you in Egypt, bfor your vry ys? No othr god has trid to tak on spcial nation for himslf out of anothr country. Th LORD your God did this for you in Egypt. You saw how h usd his powrful authority thr. H brought bad troubls and war. H did grat and frightning things in Egypt. And has any othr god vr trid to go and tak a popl for himslf from insid anothr nation? No! But you yourslvs hav sn th Lord your God do all ths wondrful things! H showd you his powr and strngth. You saw th troubls that tstd th popl. You saw miracls and wondrs. You saw war and th trribl things that happnd. Has any god vr dard to go and tak a popl from anothr nation and mak thm his own, as th LORD your God did for you in Egypt? Bfor your vry ys h usd his grat powr and strngth; h brought plagus and war, workd miracls and wondrs, and causd trrifying things to happn. Or has a god vr trid to slct for himslf a nation from within a nation using trials, miracls, and war, putting his strong hand in, raching his long arm out, a spctacl awsom and staggring, th way God, your God, did it for you in Egypt whil you stood right thr and watchd? Or has any god vr trid to com and tak on nation away from anothr for himslf? Yahwh your Elohim usd his mighty hand and powrful arm to do this for you in Egypt. H did this using plagus, miraculous signs, amazing things, and war. H did his grat and aw-inspiring dds in front of you. Has any god vr trid to tak on nation out of anothr to b his own? Has any god don it by tsting his popl? Has any god don it with signs and amazing dds or with war? Has any god rachd out his mighty hand and powrful arm? Or has any god shown his popl his grat and wondrful acts? Th Lord your God did all thos things for you in Egypt. With your vry own ys you saw him do thm.»has God attmptd to tak a nation from th middl of anothr nation? Has h don this by tmptations, by signs, and by wondrs, and by war, and by grat trrors? Ys, and by th us of his grat powr! Jhovah your God did all this for you in Egypt bfor your vry ys! Thought-for-thought translations; paraphrass: Contmporary English V. Th Living Bibl Nw Brkly Vrsion Nw Cntury Vrsion Whn th LORD your God brought you out of Egypt, you saw how h fought for you and showd his grat powr by prforming trrifying miracls. You bcam his popl, and at Mount Sinai you hard him talking to you out of firy flams. And yt you ar still aliv! Has anything lik this vr happnd sinc th tim God cratd humans? No mattr whr you go or who you ask, you will gt th sam answr. No on has vr hard of anothr god vn trying to do such things as th LORD your God has don for you. Vv ar includd for contxt. Whr ls will you vr find anothr xampl of God's rmoving a nation from its slavry by snding trribl plagus, mighty miracls, war, and trror? Yt that is what th Lord your God did for you in Egypt, right bfor your vry ys. Or did vr a god vntur to th midst of anothr nation by tstings, by signs, by wondrs, by warns, by a mighty hand and an outstrtchd arm, and with awful trrors, as th LORD your God has don for you bfor your vry ys in Egypt? As a popl Isral witnssd it, not all individually, bcaus almost an ntir gnration had rpntanc; and so it vntuatd. No othr god has vr takn for himslf on nation out of anothr. But th Lord your God did this for you in Egypt, right bfor your own ys. H did it with tsts, signs, miracls, war, and grat sights, by his grat powr and strngth.

285 5609 Th Book of Dutronomy Nw Lif Vrsion Nw Living Translation Or has a god trid to go to tak for himslf a nation from within anothr nation, by trials, spcial things to s, grat works, war, a powrful hand, a long arm, and sprading much far? Th Lord your God did this for you in Egypt in front of your ys. Has any othr god dard to tak a nation for himslf out of anothr nation by mans of trials, miraculous signs, wondrs, war, a strong hand, a powrful arm, and trrifying acts? Yt that is what th Lord your God did for you in Egypt, right bfor your ys. Partially litral and partially paraphrasd translations: Amrican English Bibl What [othr] nation has God lvatd and takn as His own with trials, signs, wondrs, and war (with His mighty hand and mighty arm). ys, with all ths grat things that w saw Jhovah our God do in Egypt? Bck s Amrican Translation Or has a God trid to go and gt a popl for Himslf from th middl of anothr popl by tstings, miracls, wondrs, and war by a mighty hand and an outstrtchd arm, by awful trrors as you saw th LORD your God do for you in Egypt? Intrnational Standard V Or has any god vr takn for himslf on nation out from anothr nation with tstings, signs, wondrs, wars, awsom powr [Lit. wars, a mighty hand and an outstrtchd arm,], and magnificnt, trrifying dds [Th Hb. lacks dds] as th LORD your God did in Egypt bfor your ys? Nw Advnt (Knox) Bibl That God should intrvn, and singl out for himslf on nation abov all th rst; that h should try mn's harts with portnt and with marvl, fight against thm with constraining forc, with opn display of his strngth, with plagus trribl to s? All this th Lord your God did for you in Egypt, and your own ys hav witnssd it; proof to you that this Lord is God, that no othr can compar with him. V. 35 is includd for contxt. Translation for Translators Crtainly no othr god has vr trid to tak a hug group of popl from on nation to anothr location, lik h did for us whn h brought us out of Egypt. W saw Yahwh our God us grat powr [MTY, DOU] whn h prformd many kinds of [DOU] miracls, and snt plagus, and did many othr vry trrifying things, and rscud us whn th army of Egypt trid to fight against us. Mostly litral rndrings (with som occasional paraphrasing): Ancint Roots Translinar Frrar-Fnton Bibl Lxham English Bibl NIV UK Or hav grat far of all that Yahwh your God did for you in Egypt in your ys? God provd by proofs, by signs and miracls. H cam and took for himslf a nation from th cntr of a nation with a fortifid hand and an arm fixd for war. or that God attmptd to go and tak for Himslf on nation from th brast of anothr nation, with trials, with miracls, and portnts, and war, and with a strong hand, and a dircting arm, and grat manifstations, such as all thos your EVER- LIVING God has mad in your sight upon th Mitzraim for you? Or has a god vr attmptd to go to tak for himslf [Hbrw "for him"] a nation from th midst of a nation, using trials and signs and wondrs and war, with an outstrtchd arm and with grat and awsom dds, lik all that Yahwh your God did for you in Egypt bfor your ys? Has any god vr trid to tak for himslf on nation out of anothr nation, by tstings, by signs and wondrs, by war, by a mighty hand and an outstrtchd arm, or by grat and awsom dds, lik all th things th Lord your God did for you in Egypt bfor your vry ys? Catholic Bibls (thos having th imprimatur):

286 Dutronomy Chaptr Christian Community (1988) Nvr has thr bn a God who wnt out to look for a popl and tak thm out from among th othr nations by th strngth of trials and signs, by wondrs and by war, with a firm hand and an outstrtchd arm. Nvr has thr bn any dd as trmndous as thos don for you by Yahwh in Egypt, which you saw with your own ys. Nw Amrican Bibl (2011) Or did any god vntur to go and tak a nation for himslf from th midst of anothr nation, by tstings, by signs and wondrs [Dt 7:19; 26:8; 29:2; Ex 7:3; 15:3-10; Jr 32:21.], by war, with strong hand and outstrtchd arm, and by grat trrors, all of which th LORD, your God, did for you in Egypt bfor your vry ys? Nw Jrusalm Bibl Has it vr bn known bfor that any god took action himslf to bring on nation out of anothr on, by ordals, signs, wondrs, war with mighty hand and outstrtchd arm, by farsom trrors -- all of which things Yahwh your God has don for you bfor your ys in Egypt? Nw RSV Or has any god vr attmptd to go and tak a nation for himslf from th midst of anothr nation, by trials, by signs and wondrs, by war, by a mighty hand and an outstrtchd arm, and by trrifying displays of powr, as th Lord your God did for you in Egypt bfor your vry ys? Rvisd English Bibl Or did a god vr attmpt to com and tak a nation for himslf away from anothr nation, with a challng, and with signs, portnts, and wars, with a strong hand and an outstrtchd arm, and with grat dds of trror, lik all you saw th LORD your God do for you in Egypt? Jwish/Hbrw Nams Bibls: Complt Jwish Bibl xgss companion Bibl JPS (Tanakh 1985) Kaplan Translation Orthodox Jwish Bibl Th Scripturs 1998 Or has God vr trid to go and tak for himslf a nation from th vry bowls of anothr nation, by mans of ordals, signs, wondrs, war, a mighty hand, an outstrtchd arm and grat trrors - lik all that ADONAI your God did for you in Egypt bfor your vry ys? Or has Elohim tstd to go and tak him a goyim from midst a goyim, by tstings, by signs and by omns and by war and by a strong hand and by a sprad arm and by grat awsomnsss, according to all Yah Vh your Elohim workd for you in Misrayim in your ys? Or has any god vnturd to go and tak for himslf on nation from th midst of anothr by prodigious acts, by signs and portnts, by war, by a mighty and an outstrtchd arm and awsom powr, as th Lord your God did for you in Egypt bfor your vry ys? Has God vr don miracls [(Targum; Rashi). Nissah in Hbrw. Or, 'liftd a bannr' (Saadia), or 'attmptd' (Sptuagint).] bringing on nation out of anothr nation with such trmndous miracls, signs, wondrs, war, a mighty hand and outstrtchd arm [S Exodus 6:6, 13:3.], and trrifying phnomna, as God did for you in Egypt bfor your vry ys? Or hath Elohim trid to go and tak Him a nation from th midst of anothr nation, by massot (trials), by otot, by moftim, by milchamah, by a yad chazakah, by an outstrtchd zro'a, by grat trrors, according to all that Hashm Elohicha did for you in Mitzrayim bfor your ys? Or has Elohim trid to go and tak for Himslf a nation from th midst of a nation by trials, and by signs, and by wondrs, and by battl, and by a strong hand and an outstrtchd arm, and by grat farsom dds, according to all that éäåä your Elohim did for you in Mitsrayim bfor your ys? Expandd/Embllishd Bibls:

287 5611 Th Book of Dutronomy Th Expandd Bibl Krtzmann s Commntary NET Bibl Th Voic L No [ What.?] othr god has vr takn for himslf on nation out of anothr. But th Lord your God did this for you in Egypt, right bfor your own ys. H did it L with tsts, signs, miracls, war, and grat sights, by his grat powr [ strong hand] L and strngth [ outstrtchd arm]. Or hath God assayd (ssayd) to go and tak Him a nation from th midst of anothr nation, as H did in lading Isral out of th midst of th Egyptians, by tmptations, by which th position of Pharaoh ovr against th Lord was trid out, by signs and by wondrs, th grat plagus of Egypt, and by war, whn th Egyptians wr about to attack th childrn of Isral at th Rd Sa, and by a mighty hand, and by a strtchd-out arm, Ex. 13:3; Ex. 6:6, and by grat trrors, according to all that th Lord, your God, did for you in Egypt bfor your ys? Or has God [Th translation assums th rfrnc is to Isral's God in which cas th point is this: God's intrvntion in Isral's xprinc is uniqu in th sns that h has nvr intrvnd in such powr for any othr popl on arth. Th focus is on th uniqunss of Isral's xprinc. Som undrstand th divin nam hr in a gnric sns, "a god," or "any god." In this cas God's incomparability is th focus (cf. v. 35, whr this thm is xprssd).] vr bfor trid to dlivr [Hb "trid to go to tak for himslf."] a nation from th middl of anothr nation, accompanid by judgmnts [Hb "by tstings." Th rfrnc hr is th judgmnts upon Pharaoh in th form of plagus. S Dut 7:19 (cf. v. 18) and 29:3 (cf. v. 2).], signs, wondrs, war, strngth, powr [Hb "by strong hand and by outstrtchd arm."], and othr vry trrifying things lik th Lord your God did for you in Egypt bfor your vry ys? You saw with your own ys what th Etrnal, your Tru God, did for you in Egypt: H claimd you as His own nation, and H took you right out of anothr nation that was holding you captiv. H rscud you by tsting thm with plagus, by warning thm with signs and omns, by fighting against thm with ovrwhlming strngth, and by totally trrifying thm! No othr god has vr trid to do anything lik that. Litral, almost word-for-word, rndrings: Concordant Litral Vrsion Or has an lohim vr trid to com and tak for himslf a nation from among anothr nation by trials, by signs and by miracls, by war, by a stadfast hand and by an outstrtchd arm and by grat far-inspiring dds, such as all that Yahwh your Elohim did for you in Egypt bfor your ys? Contxt Group Vrsion Or has any god assayd to go and tak him a nation from th midst of [ anothr ] nation, by trials, by signs, and by wondrs, and by war, and by a mighty hand, and by an outstrtchd arm, and by grat trrors, according to all that YHWH your {pl} God did for you {pl} in Egypt bfor your {pl} ys? English Standard Vrsion Or has any god vr attmptd to go and tak a nation for himslf from th midst of anothr nation, by trials, by signs, by wondrs, and by war, by a mighty hand and an outstrtchd arm, and by grat dds of trror, all of which th LORD your God did for you in Egypt bfor your ys? God s Truth (Tyndal) ithr whthr God assayd [assayd= 1. To b shown by analysis to contain a crtain proportion of usually prcious mtal. God's word is trnal vn is this modrn dfinition xactly to th point. RN] to go and tak him a popl from among nations, through tmptations and signs and wondrs and through war and with a mighty hand and a strtchd out arm and with mighty trribl sights, according unto all that th Lord your God did unto you in Egypt bfor your ys. NASB Or has a god trid to go to tak for himslf a nation from within anothr nation by trials, by signs and wondrs and by war and by a mighty hand and by an outstrtchd arm and by grat trrors, [h]as th Lord your God did for you in Egypt bfor your ys?

288 Dutronomy Chaptr Third Millnnium Bibl Young s Updatd LT Th gist of this vrs: Or hath God dignd to go and tak Him a nation from th midst of anothr nation by tmptations, by signs, and by wondrs, and by war, and by a mighty hand, and by a strtchd out arm, and by grat trrors, according to all that th LORD your God did for you in Egypt bfor your ys? Or has God trid to go in to tak to Himslf, a nation from th midst of a nation, by trials, by signs, and by wondrs, and by war, and by a strong hand, and by a strtchd-out arm, and by grat trrors according to all that Jhovah your God has don to you, in Egypt, bfor your ys? What god has don anything lik this bfor? Th God of Isral took thm, a nation, out of anothr nation, with grat powr, signs and wondrs and by war. Dutronomy 4:34a Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs ôw (àåé) [pronouncd oh] or, or rathr, othrwis, also, and; if, prchanc; xcpt, or ls; whthr, not th last conjunction Strong's #176 BDB #14 hã (äâ) [pronouncd hh] intrrogativ particl which acts almost lik a pic of punctuation, lik th upsid-down qustion mark which bgins a Spanish sntnc. Th vrb to b may b implid. This can b usd in an indirct intrrogation and translatd whthr. Strong s #non BDB #209 Hã (äâ) [pronouncd hh] usually an intrrogativ particl; but can act as indirct intrrogation and b translatd if, whthr [or not]. nâçâh (ðèñèä) [pronouncd naw-sawh] to tst, to try, to attmpt, to try to do a thing; to practic doing a thing rd 3 prson masculin plural, Pil prfct Strong s #5254 BDB #650 Ìlôhîym (àìéääéí) [pronouncd l-o-heem] God; gods, forign gods, god; rulrs, judgs; suprhuman ons, angls; translitratd Elohim masculin plural noun Strong's #430 BDB #43 lâmd (ìà) [pronouncd l ] to, for, towards, in rgards to dirctional/rlational prposition No Strong s # BDB #510 bôw (áìåéà) [pronouncd boh] to com in, to com, to go in, to go, to ntr, to advanc; to attain Qal infinitiv construct Strong s #935 BDB #97 lâmd (ìà) [pronouncd l ] to, for, towards, in rgards to dirctional/rlational prposition No Strong s # BDB #510 lâqach (ìè Çç) [pronouncd law- KAHKH] to tak, to tak away, to tak in marriag; to siz Qal infinitiv construct Strong s #3947 BDB #542 lâmd (ìà) [pronouncd l ] to, for, towards, in rgards to dirctional/rlational prposition with th 3 rd prson masculin singular suffix No Strong s # BDB #510

289 5613 Th Book of Dutronomy Dutronomy 4:34a Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs gôwy (âìåéé) [pronouncd GOH-] popl, nation masculin singular noun Strong s #1471 BDB #156 min (îäï) [pronouncd min] from, off, out from, of, out of, away from, on account of, sinc, than, mor than prposition of sparation Strong's #4480 BDB #577 qrb ( ÆøÆá) [pronouncd b KEH-r v] midst, among, from among [a group of popl]; an [actual, physical] inward part; th innr prson with rspct to thinking and motion; as a faculty of thinking or motion; hart, mind, innr bing; ntrails [of sacrificial animals] masculin singular noun nd with th 2 prson masculin singular suffix Strong s #7130 BDB #899 This appars to man, from among you, from your midst. gôwy (âìåéé) [pronouncd GOH-] popl, nation masculin singular noun Strong s #1471 BDB #156 Translation: Or has Elohim attmptd to go and [and] to tak a nation for Himslf from th midst of [anothr] nation,... God is in th plural, but tratd as though it is singular whn rfrring to th Godhad. Som translators rndr this vrs as or has any othr god attmptd to... Howvr, this is incorrct. Th Hbrw word is 192 Ìlôhîym (àìéääéí) [pronouncd l-o-heem] and this word can rfr to th Godhad or to forign gods. Contxt invitably points out whthr this is th God, th Crator of th Univrs, or forign gods, which ar th rsult of frtil imagination at bst and rprsntativ of dmons at worst. Thr will ithr b th word othr associatd with th Hbrw word (Ex. 20:3 23:13 Joshua 24:2); thr will b a modifying word to indicat that gods is diffrnt from th God (Ex. 18:11); th word gods is spcifically diffrntiatd from Y howah in th immdiat contxt (Ex. 22:19); God would b associatd with a singular vrb (Dut. 4:34) and gods with plural vrbs (Ex. 32:1, 23); gods will hav plural antcdnts (Dut. 8:19 20) whras God will not (Dut. 9:3); or gods will b modifid by forign or of th Gntils (Gn. 35:2, 4 Dut. 31:16 2Kings 18:33). Strong's #430 BDB #43 Sinc rd thr ar no modifying phrass and sinc attmptd is in th 3 prson masculin singular, w ar spaking of rd th God in this contxt. Furthrmor, w hav th lâmd prfixd prposition and th 3 prson masculin singular suffix which rfrs back to God; thrfor, God cannot b viwd in th plural hr. At no prvious tim in history of th God of th Univrs pickd out a nation as H did Isral. What God did hr was absolutly uniqu. H wnt into Egypt, anothr nation, and h took out of thm Isral, anothr nation. This had nvr bn don in human history bfor. A portion of thos who liv in Egypt, God wnt in and took thm out. 192 Sinc this is so commonly rfrrd to in rfrnc books, w will us th dsignation Elohim as wll.

290 Dutronomy Chaptr Dutronomy 4:34b Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs h b (áìà) [pronouncd b ] in, into, at, by, nar, on, with, bfor, against, by mans of, among, within a prposition of proximity No Strong s # BDB #88 massâ (îçùòìèä) [pronouncd mahs- SAW] dspair; tsting, trial; tmptation; calamity; translitratd Massah fminin plural noun; also usd as a propr noun Strong s #4531 and #4532 BDB #588 Strong s #4531 is th fminin noun; Strong s #4532 is th propr noun. Translation:...with trials,... Moss was tstd, Aaron was tstd, and th Pharaoh facd many trials. Th trials mntiond in this vrs do not rfr to th hardships incurrd by Isral during thir travls through th dsrt, but rathr to th plagus which wr inflictd upon th Egyptians. Contxt spcifis hr that ths things mntiond, th signs, wondrs, tc., ar God's dirct hand His Prsnc, if you will in dlivring Isral out of Egypt. Barns: th tribulations and prscutions undrgon by th Isralits, out th plagus miraculously 193 inflictd on th Egyptians. Dutronomy 4:34c Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs h b (áìà) [pronouncd b ] in, into, at, by, nar, on, with, bfor, against, by mans of, among, within a prposition of proximity No Strong s # BDB #88 ôwth (àåéú) [pronouncd oath] sign, a distinguishing mark; tokn, pldg; rmmbranc; assuranc; a miraculous sign; an omn, a warning fminin plural noun Strong s #226 BDB #16 Translation:...with signs,... Signs ar things which idntify God as God; His popl as His popl. What is happning is uniqu, and on nds to rcogniz that what is happning is outsid th norm. Application: W hav two xampls of this in today s world: (1) th Unitd Stats and (2) Isral. Isral is a tiny nation, barly a postag stamp in th Middl East, and yt, millions of popl hat thm; millions of popl want to s Isral dstroyd, ovrrun; thy want to s th Jws suffring. In my liftim, I hav sn svral coalitions of nations who hav wantd to do harm to Isral, and Isral has bat thm back dspit world prssur against that. How can 6 million or so popl sit in th midst of prhaps a billion popl, and yt, thy hold thir own? How can this b don? God protcts th Jws. Don t vr b foolish nough to sid with th Arabs ovr th Jws; don t vr mak th mistak of thinking that Islam is no diffrnt than any othr rligion. Application: Rgarding th Unitd Stats: whn has thr bn a nation with this much prosprity and this much promis to a popl bfor? Thr has nvr bn a nation lik Amrica. Whn anothr nation suffrs a 193 Albrt Barns, Barns Nots on th Old Tstamnt; from -Sword, Dut. 4:34.

291 5615 Th Book of Dutronomy catastroph, who always rsponds? Amrica and Amricans. Always. God has blssd th Unitd Stats gratly, and foolish is th prson who dos not s that. Dutronomy 4:34d Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs h b (áìà) [pronouncd b ] in, into, at, by, nar, on, with, bfor, against, by mans of, among, within a prposition of proximity No Strong s # BDB #88 môwphêth (îåéôåú) [pronouncd mo- FAITH] a wondr, sign, miracl; a proof [of divin involvmnt] a sign [of a futur vnt] masculin plural noun Strong s #4159 BDB #68 Translation:...with wondrs,... This is an vnt rvaling God s powr. If a prson has an opn hart, thy can rcogniz that this is what God has don. Th wondrs which God did whn taking Isral out of Egypt wr quit amazing, and thy wr don on a larg scal. That is, th popl of Egypt had to b awar of ths miracls and th popl of Isral had to b awar of thm. Thy could not b a coupl of mind-blowing things don in th palac of th pharaoh. Dutronomy 4:34 Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs h b (áìà) [pronouncd b ] in, into, at, by, nar, on, with, bfor, against, by mans of, among, within a prposition of proximity No Strong s # BDB #88 mil châmâh (îäìàçèîèä) [pronouncd mil-khaw- MAW] battl, war, fight, fighting; victory; fortun of war fminin singular noun Strong s #4421 BDB #536 Translation:...and with war;... This word is in th singular, bcaus thr was on war which sparatd Isral from Egypt this was th war at th Sa of Rds. Th popl of Abraham ran across th rivr s floor, and thn pharaoh s army pursud thm. What did God do? God brought war upon ths popl and crushd thm with watr. Th childrn of Abraham? Thy had no wapons; thy had no horss and yt God dfatd on of th gratst armis of th ancint world right bfor thir ys. God Dfats th Egyptian Army Exodus 14:5 31 Whn th king of Egypt was told that th popl had fld, th mind of Pharaoh and his srvants was changd toward th popl, and thy said, "What is this w hav don, that w hav lt Isral go from srving us?" So h mad rady his chariot and took his army with him, and took six hundrd chosn chariots and all th othr chariots of Egypt with officrs ovr all of thm. And th LORD hardnd th hart of Pharaoh king of Egypt, and h pursud th popl of Isral whil th popl of Isral wr going out dfiantly. Th Egyptians pursud thm, all Pharaoh's horss and chariots and his horsmn and his army, and ovrtook thm ncampd at th sa, by Pi-hahiroth, in front of Baal-zphon.

292 Dutronomy Chaptr God Dfats th Egyptian Army Exodus 14:5 31 Whn Pharaoh drw nar, th popl of Isral liftd up thir ys, and bhold, th Egyptians wr marching aftr thm, and thy fard gratly. And th popl of Isral crid out to th LORD. Thy said to Moss, "Is it bcaus thr ar no gravs in Egypt that you hav takn us away to di in th wildrnss? What hav you don to us in bringing us out of Egypt? Is not this what w said to you in Egypt: 'Lav us alon that w may srv th Egyptians'? For it would hav bn bttr for us to srv th Egyptians than to di in th wildrnss." And Moss said to th popl, "Far not, stand firm, and s th salvation of th LORD, which H will work for you today. For th Egyptians whom you s today, you shall nvr s again. Th LORD will fight for you, and you hav only to b silnt." Th LORD said to Moss, "Why do you cry to m? Tll th popl of Isral to go forward. Lift up your staff, and strtch out your hand ovr th sa and divid it, that th popl of Isral may go through th sa on dry ground. And I will hardn th harts of th Egyptians so that thy shall go in aftr thm, and I will gt glory ovr Pharaoh and all his host, his chariots, and his horsmn. And th Egyptians shall know that I am th LORD, whn I hav gottn glory ovr Pharaoh, his chariots, and his horsmn." Thn th angl of God who was going bfor th host of Isral movd and wnt bhind thm, and th pillar of cloud movd from bfor thm and stood bhind thm, coming btwn th host of Egypt and th host of Isral. And thr was th cloud and th darknss. And it lit up th night without on coming nar th othr all night. Thn Moss strtchd out his hand ovr th sa, and th LORD drov th sa back by a strong ast wind all night and mad th sa dry land, and th watrs wr dividd. And th popl of Isral wnt into th midst of th sa on dry ground, th watrs bing a wall to thm on thir right hand and on thir lft. Th Egyptians pursud and wnt in aftr thm into th midst of th sa, all Pharaoh's horss, his chariots, and his horsmn. And in th morning watch th LORD in th pillar of fir and of cloud lookd down on th Egyptian forcs and thrw th Egyptian forcs into a panic, clogging thir chariot whls so that thy drov havily. And th Egyptians said, "Lt us fl from bfor Isral, for th LORD fights for thm against th Egyptians." Thn th LORD said to Moss, "Strtch out your hand ovr th sa, that th watr may com back upon th Egyptians, upon thir chariots, and upon thir horsmn." So Moss strtchd out his hand ovr th sa, and th sa rturnd to its normal cours whn th morning appard. And as th Egyptians fld into it, th LORD thrw th Egyptians into th midst of th sa. Th watrs rturnd and covrd th chariots and th horsmn; of all th host of Pharaoh that had followd thm into th sa, not on of thm rmaind. But th popl of Isral walkd on dry ground through th sa, th watrs bing a wall to thm on thir right hand and on thir lft. Thus th LORD savd Isral that day from th hand of th Egyptians, and Isral saw th Egyptians dad on th sashor. Isral saw th grat powr that th LORD usd against th Egyptians, so th popl fard th LORD, and thy blivd in th LORD and in his srvant Moss. ESV; capitalizd is usd abov. Chaptr Outlin Charts, Graphics and Short Doctrins Dutronomy 4:34f Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs w (or v ) (åà or åì) [pronouncd wh] and, vn, thn; namly; whn; sinc, that; though; as wll as simpl wâw conjunction No Strong s # BDB #251

293 5617 Th Book of Dutronomy Dutronomy 4:34f Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs h b (áìà) [pronouncd b ] in, into, at, by, nar, on, with, bfor, against, by mans of, among, within a prposition of proximity No Strong s # BDB #88 yâd (éèã) [pronouncd yawd] hand; figurativly for strngth, powr, control fminin singular noun Strong's #3027 BDB #388 châzâq (çèæè ) [pronouncd khaw- ZAWK] strong, mighty, (most oftn found with th substantiv hand) also firc, intns fminin singular adjctiv Strong s #2389 BDB #305 Translation:...and with a mighty hand... A mighty hand simply rfrs to God s powr and God s strngth, which is clarly rvald in th xodus. Ths formr slavs did not hav th powr or fortitud to tak thmslvs out of Egypt; thy had to b ld by God. Dutronomy 4:34g Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs w (or v ) (åà or åì) [pronouncd wh] and, vn, thn; namly; whn; sinc, that; though; as wll as simpl wâw conjunction No Strong s # BDB #251 h b (áìà) [pronouncd b ] in, into, at, by, nar, on, with, bfor, against, by mans of, among, within a prposition of proximity No Strong s # BDB #88 z rôwa (æàøåéòç) [pronouncd z ROH-ahì arm, shouldr and figurativly mans strngth fminin singular noun Strong s #2220 BDB #283 nâþâh (ðèèèä) [pronouncd naw-tawh] strtchd out, sprad out, bowing [out], bing xtnd, inclining [to on sid]; turning, bing turnd Qal passiv participl Strong s #5186 BDB #639 Translation:...and with an outstrtchd arm,... Th outstrtchd arm indicats that God rachs down from havn and H lnds Himslf to th caus of th Jws. This is God s grac. And this is th story of Ex. 14, rcountd abov. Dutronomy 4:34h Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs w (or v ) (åà or åì) [pronouncd wh] and, vn, thn; namly; whn; sinc, that; though; as wll as simpl wâw conjunction No Strong s # BDB #251 môwrâ (îåéøèà) [pronouncd moh-raw far, trror, drad masculin plural noun Strong s #4172 BDB #432

294 Dutronomy Chaptr Dutronomy 4:34h Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs gâdôwl (âìèãåéì) [pronouncd gaw-dohl] larg, grat or mighty [in powr, nobility, walth; in numbr, or magnitud and xtnt], loud; ldr, oldr, important, distinguishd; vast, unyilding, immutabl, significant, astonishing masculin plural adjctiv Strong s #1419 BDB #152 Translation:...as wll as with grat trrors,... God filld th popl of Egypt with grat drad. Thy could hav at any tim dcidd, th God of th Jws is th LORD. H is going to tak His popl, and w cannot do anything about it. Thrfor, why try? Why fight against God? How stupid can you b to do that? And yt, th pharaoh kpt taking a stand against God; and th popl fard him mor than thy fard th Living God. Dutronomy 4:34i Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs kaph or k (ëìà) [pronouncd k ] lik, as, according to; about, approximatly prposition No Strong s # BDB #453 kôl (ëìéì) [pronouncd kohl]; also kol (ëçìì) [pronouncd kol] all, all things, th whol, totality, th ntirty, vrything masculin singular noun without th dfinit articl Strong s #3605 BDB #481 ãshr (àâéùæø) [pronouncd ash-er] that, which, whn, who, whom; whr rlativ pronoun Strong's #834 BDB #81 K kôl ashr (ëìàëéì) appars to man as all, according to all that, just as all that, just as, xactly as, xactly as all which. âsâh (òèùéèä) [pronouncd ìaw-sawh] to do, to mak, to construct, to fashion, to form, to prpar, to manufactur; accomplish rd 3 prson masculin singular, Qal prfct Strong's #6213 BDB #793 lâmd (ìà) [pronouncd l ] to, for, towards, in rgards to dirctional/rlational prposition with th 2 nd prson masculin plural suffix No Strong s # BDB #510 YHWH (éäåä) [pronunciation is possibly yhoh-wah] translitratd variously as Jhovah, Yahwh, Y howah propr noun Strong s #3068 BDB #217 Ìlôhîym (àìéääéí) [pronouncd l-o-heem] God; gods, forign gods, god; rulrs, judgs; suprhuman ons, angls; translitratd Elohim masculin plural noun nd with th 2 prson masculin plural suffix Strong's #430 BDB #43

295 5619 Th Book of Dutronomy Dutronomy 4:34i Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs h b (áìà) [pronouncd b ] in, into, at, by, nar, on, with, bfor, against, by mans of, among, within a prposition of proximity No Strong s # BDB #88 Mits rayim (îäöàøçéäí) [pronouncd mits-rahyim] doubl straights; translitratd Mizraim; also Egypt, Egyptians propr noun Strong s #4714 BDB #595 lâmd (ìà) [pronouncd l ] to, for, towards, in rgards to dirctional/rlational prposition No Strong s # BDB #510 êynayim (òåéðçéäí) [pronouncd ìay-nah- YIM] ys, litral y(s), spiritual ys; fac, apparanc, form; surfac fminin plural noun with nd th 2 prson masculin plural suffix Strong s #5869 (and #5871) BDB #744 Th lâmd prposition + ayin man, litrally to your ys, for your ys; this mans bfor your ys, in your sight. Th whol ida is, th popl addrssd hr hav actually sn what is bing talkd about. Translation:...as all that Y howah your Elohim did for you [all] in Egypt in your sight? God did all of ths things bfor th ys of Isral. Thy saw this; thy hard this. God did th sort of miracls that a larg population could s and bliv. In vv , Moss asks 3 rhtorical qustions. Passags ar quotd from th ESV; capitalizd. Moss 3 Rhtorical Qustions Passag Dut. 4:32 Dut. 4:33 Dut. 4:34 Txt/Commntary "For ask now of th days that ar past, which wr bfor you, sinc th day that God cratd man on th arth, and ask from on nd of havn to th othr, whthr such a grat thing as this has vr happnd or was vr hard of. What God did with th Isralits in Egypt was compltly uniqu. Did any popl vr har th voic of a god spaking out of th midst of th fir, as you hav hard, and still liv? God spok to th Isralits at Sinai and thy yt livd. Or has any god vr attmptd to go and tak a nation for Himslf from th midst of anothr nation, by trials, by signs, by wondrs, and by war, by a mighty hand and an outstrtchd arm, and by grat dds of trror, all of which th LORD your God did for you in Egypt bfor your ys? Thr ar 7 things namd hr, as that is th numbr of prfction (or compltion). Inspird by Thomas Constabl; accssd May 15, Chaptr Outlin Charts, Graphics and Short Doctrins Ptr Ptt: Not th xpandd svnfold xplanation. God had usd trials in ordr to spur His popl on, signs with which to convinc thm, and vn mor to convinc Pharaoh; wondrs in ordr to bring hom His suprm powr; war bcaus Pharaoh undrstood nothing ls and had finally to b convincd by th dstruction of his troops; by a mighty hand and by an outstrtchd arm, bcaus Yahwh had prsonally xtndd His own powrful action on thir bhalf; and by grat trrors

296 Dutronomy Chaptr bcaus Pharaoh and his popl had provd so obstinat that in th nd thy ndd th trrors of continual darknss and thn of th night of th firstborn in ordr to b convincd. H had actd in a 194 divinly prfct way. Clark summarizs this: This was a most xtraordinary thing, that a whol popl, consisting of upwards of 600,000 ffctiv mn, bsids womn and childrn, should, without striking a blow, b brought out of th midst of a vry powrful nation, to th political wlfar of which thir srvics wr so ssntial; that thy should b brought out in so opn and public a mannr; that th sa itslf should b suprnaturally dividd to afford this mighty host a passag; and that, in a dsrt uttrly unfrindly to human lif, thy should b sustaind for forty yars. Ths wr such instancs of th almighty 195 powr and goodnss of God as nvr could b forgottn. Hr is how Clark summarizs ths 7 things, with Gill s commntary addd in. Clark, Gill: Th Svn Things Usd by God to Tak Isral out of Egypt 1. Tmptations, îñú massoth, from ðùä nasah, to try or prov; th miracls which God did to try th faith and prov th obdinc of th childrn of Isral. Gill: th various ssays and trials, ways, mans, and mthods takn by th Lord to bring about th vnt. 2. Signs, àúú othoth, from àúä athah, to com nar; such signs as God gav thm of his continual prsnc and spcial providnc, particularly th pillar of cloud and pillar of fir, kping nar to thm night and day, and always dircting thir journys, showing thm whn and whr to pitch thir tnts, tc. Gill: thos [things] which wr rquird of Moss, and don by him bfor th popl of Isral, and bfor Pharaoh, as proofs of his mission from th Lord. 3. Wondrs, îåôúéí mophthim, from éôú yaphath, to prsuad; prsuasiv facts and vnts, says Parkhurst, whthr strictly miraculous, and xcding th powrs of natur, as Ex. 7:9; Ex. 11:9, Ex. 11:10; or not, as Isa. 20:3; Ezk. 12:6, 11. It probably mans typical rprsntations: in this signification th word is usd, Zch. 3:8. Joshua, th high prist, and his companions wr àðùé îåôú anshy mophth, typical mn, raisd up by God as typs of Christ, and proofs that God would bring his srvant Th Branch. All th dalings of God with this popl, and vn th popl thmslvs, wr typs prsnt significators of distant facts and futur occurrncs. Gill: th tn plagus of Egypt, which wr don by a suprnatural and miraculous opration, and wr amazing things. 4. War, îìçîä milchamah, hostil ngagmnts; such as thos with th Amalkits, th Amorits, and th Bashanits, in which th hand of God was sn rathr than th hand of man. Gill: ithr th slaying of th firstborn, with th dstruction of th judgs and gods of Egypt, as Abn Ezra; or th Lord's fighting for Isral at th Rd sa, as Jarchi; h savd thm and dstroyd th Egyptians, and showd himslf to b a man of war. 5. A Mighty Hand, éã çæ ä yad chazakah; on that is strong to dal its blows, irrsistibl in its oprations, and grasps its nmis hard, so that thy cannot scap, and protcts its frinds so powrfully that thy cannot b injurd. Nithr stratagm nor policy was usd in this businss, but th opnly displayd powr of God. 6. A Strtchd-Out Arm, æøåò ðèåéä, zroa ntuyah; a sris of almighty oprations, following ach othr in quick astonishing succssion. Lt it b notd that in th Scripturs, 1) Th fingr of God dnots any manifstation of th Divin powr, whr ffcts ar producd byond th powr of art or natur. 2) Th hand of God signifis th sam powr, but put forth in a mor signal mannr. 3) Th arm of God, th Divin omnipotnc manifstd in th most stupndous miracls. 4) Th arm of God strtchd out, this sam omnipotnc xrtd in a continuation of stupndous miracls, both in th way of judgmnt and mrcy. In this lattr sns it appars to b takn in th txt: th judgmnts wr pourd out on th Egyptians; th mrcis wrought in favor of th Isralits. 5) Gill combins ths two togthr: and by a mighty hand and strtchd out arm; phrass frquntly From accssd May 13, Adam Clark, Commntary on th Bibl; from -Sword, Dut. 4:34.

297 5621 Th Book of Dutronomy Clark, Gill: Th Svn Things Usd by God to Tak Isral out of Egypt usd whn this affair is spokn of, and ar xprssiv of th mighty powr of God in th abov instancs, and in th issu of thm, bringing Isral out of Egypt; though Abn Ezra intrprts it of th pillar of fir and cloud in which th Lord wnt bfor thm. 7. Grat Trrors, îåøàéí âãìéí moraim gdolim; such trror, dismay, and constrnation as wr producd by th tn plagus, to which probably th inspird pnman hr alluds: or, as th Sptuagint has it, åí ï ñáìáóéí ìåãáëïéò, with grat or portntous sights; such as that whn God lookd out of th cloud upon th Egyptians, and thir chariot whls wr takn off, Ex. 14: Mor awful displays of God s judgmnts, powr, and might, wr nvr witnssd by man. Gill: [possibly] th drowning of Pharaoh and his host in th sa, and dividing it for Isral; but may b undrstood not only of th trrors which possssd him and his popl thn, but at othr tims, spcially at th tim of th thundr and lightning, and whn thy sat in thick darknss, and particularly whn all thir firstborn wr slain. From Adam Clark, Commntary on th Bibl; from -Sword, Dut. 4:34 (slightly ditd). Dr. John Gill, John Gill s Exposition of th Entir Bibl; from -Sword, Dut. 4:34. I may want to rvis or rwork this. Chaptr Outlin Charts, Graphics and Short Doctrins You hav bn shown to know that Y howah, Dutronomy H [is] th Elohim; [thr is] non yt from 4:35 Him alon. You hav bn causd to s [ths things], to know that Y howah, H [is] Elohim; [and that thr is] non othr bsids Him. You hav bn causd to s all of ths things, so that you know Y howah is Elohim, and that thr is no on ls bsids Him. Hr is how othrs hav translatd this vrs: Ancint txts: Masortic Txt (Hbrw) Targum of Onklos Latin Vulgat Pshitta (Syriac) Sptuagint (Grk) Significant diffrncs: You hav bn shown to know that Y howah, H [is] th Elohim; [thr is] non yt from Him alon. Unto you hav ths wondrs bn shown, that you may know that th Lord is God, and thr is non bsid Him. That you might know that th Lord H is God, and thr is no othr bsids Him. You saw and knw that th LORD is God; thr is non ls bsids Him. So that you should know that th Lord your God, H is God, and thr is non bsid Him. Non. Limitd Vocabulary Translations: Bibl in Basic English Easy English Easy-to-Rad Vrsion Good Nws Bibl (TEV) All this h lt you s, so that you might b crtain that th Lord is God and thr is no othr. Th LORD has shown you all ths things. Thy show you that h is th only God. Thr is no othr God. Th Lord showd you ths things so that you would know that h is God. Thr is no othr god lik him! Th LORD has shown you this, to prov to you that h alon is God and that thr is no othr.

298 Dutronomy Chaptr Th Mssag Nams of God Bibl Nw Simplifid Bibl You wr shown all this so that you would know that God is, wll, God. H's th only God thr is. H's it. You wr shown ths things so that you would know that Yahwh is Elohim. Thr is no othr god.»this was shown to you that you might know that JEHOVAH IS GOD! THERE IS NO ONE BESIDES HIM! Thought-for-thought translations; paraphrass: Common English Bibl Contmporary English V. Th Living Bibl Nw Lif Vrsion You wr shown ths things so that you would know this: Th Lord is th only God. Thr's no othr god xcpt him. Th LORD wants you to know h is th only tru God, and h wants you to oby him. That's why h lt you s his mighty miracls and his firc fir on arth, and why you hard his voic from that fir and from th sky. This composit vrs includs v. 36. H did ths things so you would raliz that Jhovah is God, and that thr is no on ls lik him. It was shown to you so you might know that th Lord is God. Thr is no othr xcpt Him. Partially litral and partially paraphrasd translations: Amrican English Bibl Intrnational Standard V Translation for Translators So, you should know that Jhovah your God is Th God, and that thr is non othr than Him! "You hav bn shown this in ordr to know that `th LORD is God' and thr is no on lik him. Yahwh showd all ths things to you, in ordr that you would know that only h is truly God, and that thr is no othr God. Mostly litral rndrings (with som occasional paraphrasing): Ancint Roots Translinar You saw and know Yahwh: H's God, still with non alon as him. Frrar-Fnton Bibl Thn s, and larn that th EVER-LIVING is God, - and xcpt Him Non! Lxham English Bibl You yourslvs [Emphatic us of pronoun; plural maning implid] wr shown this wondr in ordr for you to acknowldg that Yahwh is th God [Th dfinit articl indicats that Isral's God is alon th tru God and th on who rvald himslf to thm]; thr is no othr God bsids him [Litrally "xcpt him" or "to him alon"]. NIV UK You wr shown ths things so that you might know that th LORD is God; bsids him thr is no othr. Catholic Bibls (thos having th imprimatur): Th Hritag Bibl Nw Amrican Bibl (2011) Nw Jrusalm Bibl Nw RSV Rvisd English Bibl It was shown to you that you might know by sing that Jhovah is God; thr is non ls sparat from him. All this you wr allowd to s that you might know that th LORD is God; thr is no othr. Dt 4:39; 32:39; 1 Kgs 8:60; Is 43:10-13; Jl 2:27. 'This h showd you, so that you might know that Yahwh is th tru God and that thr is no othr. To you it was shown so that you would acknowldg that th LORD is God; thr is no othr bsids him. You hav had sur proof that th LORD is God; thr is non othr. Jwish/Hbrw Nams Bibls:

299 5623 Th Book of Dutronomy Complt Jwish Bibl xgss companion Bibl JPS (Tanakh 1985) Judaica Prss Complt T. Kaplan Translation Orthodox Jwish Bibl This was shown to you, so that you would know that ADONAI is God, and thr is no othr bsid him. You saw, so that you know that Yah Vh Elohim - non ls bsid him. It has bn clarly dmonstratd to you that th Lord alon is God; thr is non bsid Him. You hav bn shown, in ordr to know that th Lord H is God; thr is non ls bsids Him. You ar th ons who hav bn shown, so that you will know that God is th Suprm Bing [Litrally, 'Th God.' Possibly dnoting th sum total of vrything ascribd to all ditis. Ha-Elohim in Hbrw.], and thr is non bsids Him. Unto th it was showd, that thou mightst know that Hashm H is HaElohim; thr is non ls bsid Him. Expandd/Embllishd Bibls: Th Amplifid Bibl Th Expandd Bibl Krtzmann s Commntary NET Bibl Th Voic To you it was shown, that you might raliz and hav prsonal knowldg that th Lord is God; thr is no othr bsids Him. H showd you [rvald] things so you would know that th Lord is God, and thr is no othr God bsids him. Unto th, bfor vry othr nation on th arth, it was showd that thou mightst know that th Lord, H is God; thr is non ls bsid Him. H is th on xclusiv, th on tru God. You hav bn taught that th Lord alon is God - thr is no othr bsids him. You saw all this so you would know th Etrnal is th only God who truly xists. Thr is no othr. Litral, almost word-for-word, rndrings: English Standard Vrsion Grn s Litral Translation God s Truth (Tyndal) Nw King Jams Vrsion World English Bibl Young s Updatd LT Th gist of this vrs: You wr shown this to know that Yahwh, H is th only Elohim. Thr is no on ls asid from Him. To you it was rvald, so that you might know that Jhovah is God, and no on ls bsids Him. Unto you it was showd, that you might know, how that th Lord h is God and that thr is non but h. To you it was shown, that you might know that th LORD Himslf is God; thr is non othr bsids Him. To you it was shown, that you might know that Yahwh h is God; thr is non ls bsids him. You, you hav bn shwn it, to know that Jhovah H is God; thr is non ls bsids Him. Th Jws wr shown ths things so that thy might raliz that thir God is th God. Dutronomy 4:35a Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs attâh (àçúìèä) [pronouncd aht-taw] you (oftn, th vrb to b is implid) nd 2 prson masculin singular, prsonal pronoun Strong s #859 BDB #61

300 Dutronomy Chaptr Dutronomy 4:35a Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs râ âh (øèàèä) [pronouncd raw-awh] to b causd to s, to b causd to look, to b causd to viw, to b shown; to b xhibitd to rd 3 prson masculin singular, Hophal prfct Strong's #7200 BDB #906 lâmd (ìà) [pronouncd l ] to, for, towards, in rgards to dirctional/rlational prposition No Strong s # BDB #510 yâda (éèãçò) [pronouncd yaw-dahì] to know, to prciv, to acquir knowldg, to bcom acquaintd with, to know by xprinc, to hav a knowldg of somthing; to s; to larn; to rcogniz [admit, acknowldg, confss] rd 3 prson masculin singular, Qal imprfct Strong s #3045 BDB #393 kîy (ëìäé) [pronouncd k] for, that, bcaus; whn, at that tim, which, what tim xplanatory or tmporal conjunction; prposition Strong's #3588 BDB #471 YHWH (éäåä) [pronunciation is possibly yhoh-wah] translitratd variously as Jhovah, Yahwh, Y howah propr noun Strong s #3068 BDB #217 hûw (äåìà) [pronouncd hoo] h, it; himslf as a dmonstrativ pronoun: that, this (on); sam rd 3 prson masculin singular, prsonal pronoun; somtims th vrb to b, is implid Strong s #1931 BDB #214 Ìlôhîym (àìéääéí) [pronouncd l-o-heem] God; gods, forign gods, god; rulrs, judgs; suprhuman ons, angls; translitratd Elohim masculin plural noun with th dfinit articl Strong's #430 BDB #43 Translation: You hav bn causd to s [ths things], to know that Y howah, H [is] Elohim;... Moss continus to pound th concpt of what ths popl hav sn and hard. You hav sn all of ths signs and wondrs; this tlls you that our God is th God of th Univrs. Many of th nations had thir own prsonal gods; thy had thir rgional gods which thy worshipd. Thy had various typs of idols and various backstoris about thir gods. But thir gods wr not ral. Th God of Isral Y howah H is ral, H is th Crator God.

301 5625 Th Book of Dutronomy Dutronomy 4:35b Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs êyn (àåéï) [pronouncd ân] nothing, not, [is] not; not prsnt, not rady; xprsss nonxistnc, absnc or nonpossssion; [thr is] no [non, not on, no on, not] particl of ngation; substantiv of ngation Strong s #369 BDB #34 ôwd (òåéã) [pronouncd ìohd] still, yt, again, again and again, rpatdly, in addition to; continu, continually; mor, farthr, bsids; as yt, vn yt advrb Strong s #5750 BDB #728 Togthr, êyn (àåéï) [pronouncd ân] and ôwd (òåéã) [pronouncd ìohd] man, [thr is] no othr, [thr is] non ls. min (îäï) [pronouncd mihn] from, off, out from, out of, away from, on account of, sinc, than, mor than prposition of sparation Strong's #4480 BDB #577 bad (áìçã) [pronouncd bahd] sparation, by itslf, alon masculin singular noun rd with th 3 prson masculin singular suffix Strong s #905 BDB #94 Translation:...[and that thr is] non othr bsids Him. In ancint tims, ach nation had its own panthon of gods, just as, today, ach group has thir own rligion, som nations having hundrds of diffrnt rligions. Nowhr in th Bibl ar w urgd to find th truth, vn th small spcks of truth which may b found in othr rligions. Dutronomy 4:35 (graphic); from God is Always Faithful; accssd May 16, Chaptr Outlin Charts, Graphics and Short Doctrins Ptr Ptt: But it had bn shown to thm so that thy might know that Yahwh truly was th only God, and thr is non othr. If nothing ls could convinc thm, this should hav don. Th so-calld gods of Egypt, vn Pharaoh himslf, had provd powrlss. Thy wr as nothings bfor 196 Yahwh. God's xclusivity is a constant of Biblical thology: "Know thrfor today, and tak it to your hart, that Y howah, H is God in havn abov and on th arth blow; thr is not othr." (Dut. 4:39). [God is tlling Moss what to say to th pharaoh of Egypt]; "For this tim I will snd all My plagus to your hart and your srvants and your popl, so that you may know that thr is no on lik M in all th arth." (Ex. 9:14). Thr is no on lik You among th gods, O Y howah; nor ar thr any works lik yours (Psalm 86:8). "Rmmbr th formr things long past. for I am th Mighty On and thr is no othr; I [am] God, and thr is no on lik M, dclaring th nd 196 From accssd May 13, 2015.

302 Dutronomy Chaptr from th bginning and from ancint tims, things which hav not bn don, saying, 'My purpos will b stablishd and I will accomplish all My good plasur.' " (Isa. 46:9 10). Thr is no on lik You, O Y howah; You ar grat and grat is Your nam in might. who would not far You, O King of th nations indd, it is Your du! For among all th wis mn of th nations and in all thir kingdoms, thr is no on lik You! (Jr. 10:6 7). Jsus answrd, th formost [commandmnt] is, Har, O Isral, th Lord our God is on Lord; and you will lov th Lord your God with all your hart, and with all your soul, and with all your mind, and with all your strngth. " (Mark 12:28 29). Som popl ar confusd by God's xclusivity and th trinity. Thr ar thr mmbrs of th trinity, all having th sam prfct attributs, including lov, omnipotnc, omniprsnc, omniscinc, prfct rightousnss, and prfct justic. Howvr, thr ar thr prsonalitis. Thr is God who is in contact with man, th God Who w s, gnrally, Y howah in th Old Tstamnt (as wll as th Angl of God, th Burning Bush, th Pillar of Fir), and Jsus Christ in th Nw Tstamnt, also known as th rvald mmbr of th trinity. It is our Lord Jsus Christ Who prformd th divin act to scur our salvation. Thr is God th Fathr, Who is a Spirit and cannot b sn th On Who plannd our salvation. Finally, thr is God th Holy Spirit, Who rvals all divin truth to us, including th mans of our salvation. "Com nar to M, listn to this: from th first I hav not spokn in scrt; from th tim it took plac, I was thr. And now Lord Y howah has snt M and His Spirit." (Isa. 48:16). Nowhr in th Bibl is thr th notion that on nation has its gods, and Isral had hr God, and that thy ar all quivalnt, as in diffrnt nams for th sam God. Wrong! This ida is nvr put forth in th Word of God. Th ESV; capitalizd translation is usd blow. Th Exclusivity of th God of th Jws 1. God s contract with Abraham is uniqu. Thr is no othr man with whom God has mad such a contract. Gn. 17: Aftr th Egyptian army was dfatd, thr is a song sung about th God lading thm, that thr is no othr God lik Him. Ex. 15:11 3. Jthro, Moss fathr-in-law, rcognizd that God was gratr than all othr gods, basd upon what H did in Egypt. Ex. 18: Th first thr commandmnts stand as a tstimony to th Prson and Uniqunss of th God of th Jws. Ex. 20:2 7 "I am th LORD your God, Who brought you out of th land of Egypt, out of th hous of slavry. You shall hav no othr gods bfor M. You shall not mak for yourslf a carvd imag, or any liknss of anything that is in havn abov, or that is in th arth bnath, or that is in th watr undr th arth. You shall not bow down to thm or srv thm, for I th LORD your God am a jalous God, visiting th iniquity of th fathrs on th childrn to th third and th fourth gnration of thos who hat M, but showing stadfast lov to thousands of thos who lov M and kp My commandmnts. You shall not tak th nam of th LORD your God in vain, for th LORD will not hold him guiltlss who taks His nam in vain. 5. Th passag that w ar studying right now is a tstimony to th xclusiv natur of th God of Abraham. Moss asks, what god has takn a nation out of anothr nation? Dut. 4: Moss continus this thm in Dut. 4:35 39 To you it was shown, that you might know that th LORD is God; thr is no othr bsids him. Out of havn H lt you har His voic, that H might disciplin you. And on arth H lt you s his grat fir, and you hard His words out of th midst of th fir. And bcaus H lovd your fathrs and chos thir offspring aftr thm and brought you out of Egypt with His own prsnc, by His grat powr, driving out bfor you nations gratr and mightir than yourslvs, to bring you in, to giv you thir land for an inhritanc, as it is this day, know thrfor today, and lay it to your hart, that th LORD is God in havn abov and on th arth bnath; thr is no othr. 6. Moss will giv th famous shama in Dut. 6:4 5 "Har, O Isral: Th LORD our God, th LORD is On. You shall lov th LORD your God with all your hart and with all your soul and with all your might. 7. God givs lif and H taks lif. God wounds and God hals. No on ls has th powr ovr lif. No mattr what crisis you ar in, God has control of that crisis. If God has a plan for you, thn nothing can tak you out of this world until you complt His plan (apart from your own ngativ volition). Dut. 32:39

303 5627 Th Book of Dutronomy Th Exclusivity of th God of th Jws 8. Bcaus of God s xclusiv natur, w can dpnd upon Him. Dut. 33:27a Th trnal God is your dwlling plac, and undrnath ar th vrlasting arms. So w liv in Him; and th worst cas scnario in lif is, H calls us hom to Himslf, to His vrlasting arms. 9. In th unsn ralm, thr is no on lik th Lord. Psalm 89: God is absolutly trnal; thr is no God bfor or aftr Him. Isa. 43:10 12 "You ar my witnsss," dclars th LORD, "and my srvant whom I hav chosn, that you may know and bliv M and undrstand that I am H. Bfor M no god was formd, nor shall thr b any aftr M. I, I am th LORD, and bsids M thr is no savior. I dclard and savd and proclaimd, whn thr was no strang god among you; and you ar My witnsss," dclars th LORD, "and I am God. 11. Evn mor powrful ar ths words of God, takn from Isaiah: Is thr a God bsids M? Thr is no [othr] Rock; I know not any." (Isa. 44:8b; ESV; capitalizd) 12. Again and again, Jsus prsntd Himslf as th Uniqu Savior, th only Mdiator btwn God and man. John 14:6 7 Jsus said to him, "I am th way, and th truth, and th lif. No on coms to th Fathr xcpt through M. If you had known M, you would hav known My Fathr also. From now on you do know Him and hav sn Him." 13. Ptr tstifid to th uniqunss of Jsus Christ in Acts 4:11 12 This Jsus is th ston that was rjctd by you, th buildrs, which has bcom th cornrston. And thr is salvation in no on ls, for thr is no othr nam undr havn givn among mn by which w must b savd." 14. Paul maks a similar tstimony in 1Tim. 2:5 6 For thr is on God, and thr is on Mdiator btwn God and mn, th man Christ Jsus, Who gav Himslf as a ransom for all, which is th tstimony givn at th propr tim. Ths ar only a fw of th passags with this particular thm. 197 Trasury of Scriptural Knowldg suggsts ths passags: Ex. 15:11 Dut. 32:23 1Sam. 2:2 17: Kings 18: Kings 19:19 Psalm 58:11 83:18 Isa. 44:6, 8 45:5, 18, 22 Mark 12:29, 32 1John. 5:20 21 Chaptr Outlin Charts, Graphics and Short Doctrins You hav bn causd to s [ths things], to know that Y howah, H [is] Elohim; [and that thr is] non othr bsids Him. It is vry asy to s things lik this and to misundrstand thm and to misintrprt thm. Moss is trying to hlp th Isralits to undrstand that, thir history is uniqu and that thir God is th God. Thr ar no compting gods. Th Philistins do not hav thir god; th Moabits do not hav thir god; and Isral has hr God. Thr is On God, thr is On Crator God; and H is closly associatd with Isral. V. 35: You hav bn causd to s [ths things], to know that Y howah, H [is] Elohim; [and that thr is] non othr bsids Him. Th Brkly Bibl: As a popl Isral witnssd it, not all individually, bcaus almost an ntir 198 gnration had did in th dsrt, and a nw gnration has bn born thr. Application: On of th most difficult things for a popl to undrstand and intrprt is thir own currnt history. W hav sn this in our own history in th Unitd Stats, which history has bn distortd, prvrtd and misintrprtd by librals (or by th scular progrssivs, as Bill O Rilly would say). A fw facts ar improprly xplaind or vn lid about, and a whol diffrnt narrativ of Amrican history is givn. Many tims, it is rintrprtd with th popular libral thms of th day. Most rcntly, our history has bn intrprtd to b all about whit privilg, a fairly rcnt thm (and fals narrativ) of th libral mind. 197 Trasury of Scriptural Knowldg; by Cann, Brown, Blayny, Scott, and othrs about 1880, with introduction by R. A. Torry; courtsy of E-sword, Dut. 4: Th Modrn Languag Bibl (Th Nw Brkly Vrsion), Rvisd Edition; 1969 by Hndrickson Publishrs, Inc.; p. 185 (footnot).

304 Dutronomy Chaptr Application: I can giv you on currnt xampl. Prsidnt Gorg W. Bush handd off two wars to Barack Obama which wr ssntially won. Obama could hav bn victorious in ths wars and takn all of th crdit for that (which is somthing h liks to do). Howvr, instad, h virtually pulld our troops out of Iraq (against th advic of all his military staff), and that country dscndd into chaos. Thn, Obama, as h oftn did, blamd Bush for his troop withdrawal. All th tim, a nw Islamic organization, calld ISIS, movd in (thr was no mor opposition to thm now that th U.S. troops wr gon). Non of this is difficult to undrstand; non of this occurrd in scrt; and yt thr ar many organizations who now claim that Gorg W. Bush is rsponsibl for ISIS and th chaos in Iraq and litrally millions of popl bliv this. Ths vnts ar not difficult to undrstand; thy ar not nuancd. Whn it coms to who did what and whn thy did it, and what th advic was all of this is known. It is not disputd. And yt, millions of popl put all or most of th blam upon Gorg W. Bush for dcisions which Barack Obama mad. Th point that I am making is, som popl ar 199 compltly unabl to undrstand and valuat currnt vnts. From th [two] havns, H causd you to H causd you to har His voic from th har His voic to instruct you and upon th Dutronomy havns to instruct you; H causd you to s arth H causd you to s His fir th grat; 4:36 His grat fir upon th arth; and you hard and His words you hav hard from a midst His words [com] from th midst of th fir. of th fir. God causd you to har His voic from th havns, whn H taught you th Tn Commandmnts. H mad you s His grat fir upon th arth which did not sprad or ngulf th arth. You vn hard His words com out from th midst of this grat fir. Hr is how othrs hav translatd this vrs: Ancint txts: Masortic Txt (Hbrw) Targum of Onklos Latin Vulgat Pshitta (Syriac) Sptuagint (Grk) Significant diffrncs: From th [two] havns, H causd you to har His voic to instruct you and upon th arth H causd you to s His fir th grat; and His words you hav hard from a midst of th fir. H mad you har th voic of His Word from th havns on high, to giv you disciplin by His doctrin, and showd you upon arth His grat fir, and mad you har His words from th midst of th flam. From havn h mad you to har His voic, that H might tach you. And upon arth H showd you his xcding grat fir, and you hard His words out of th midst of th fir,... Out of havn H mad you to har His voic, that H might tach you; and upon arth H showd you His grat fir; H mad you to har his words out of th midst of th fir. His voic was mad audibl from havn to instruct you, and H showd you His grat fir upon th arth, and you hard His words out of th midst of th fir. As usual, th targum has additional words addd to it. Th Grk also adds a short phras. Limitd Vocabulary Translations: Bibl in Basic English Out of havn itslf his voic cam to you, taching you; and on arth h lt you s his grat fir; and his words cam to your ars out of th hart of th fir. Intrstingly nough, I compltd this sction, and, prhaps 30 minuts latr, hard Rush Limbaugh lading off his program 199 with a vry similar topic. May 18, 2015.

305 5629 Th Book of Dutronomy Easy English Easy-to-Rad Vrsion Good Nws Bibl (TEV) Th Mssag Nams of God Bibl NIRV Nw Simplifid Bibl God lt you har his voic. H spok to you so that h could tach you. Hr on arth h lt you s his grat fir. H spok to you from that fir. Th Lord lt you har his voic from havn so h could tach you a lsson. On arth h lt you s his grat fir, and h spok to you from it. H lt you har his voic from havn so that h could instruct you; and hr on arth h lt you s his holy fir, and h spok to you from it. H mad it possibl for you to har his voic out of Havn to disciplin you. Down on Earth, h showd you th big fir and again you hard his words, this tim out of th fir. H lt you har his voic from havn so that h could instruct you. H showd you his grat fir on arth, and you hard him spak from th column of fir. From havn h mad you har his voic. H wantd to tach you. On arth h showd you his grat fir. You hard his words coming out of th fir.»h mad you har his voic out of havn. That way h could instruct (tach) (corrct) (disciplin) you. H showd you his grat fir on th arth. You hard his words from th middl of th fir. Thought-for-thought translations; paraphrass: Th Living Bibl Nw Living Translation H lt you har his voic instructing you from havn, and h lt you s his grat pillar of fir upon th arth; you vn hard his words from th cntr of th fir. H lt you har his voic from havn so h could instruct you. H lt you s his grat fir hr on arth so h could spak to you from it. Partially litral and partially paraphrasd translations: Amrican English Bibl Intrnational Standard V Translation for Translators For it was His voic that you hard from havn that was taching you whn H showd you His grat fir and whn you hard His words from th midst of th fir! You hav bn mad to har his voic from havn so you may b instructd [Or disciplind]. And h showd you his grat fir hr on arth, and you hard his voic from th middl of that fir. H allowd your ancstors to har him spak from havn in ordr that h could disciplin thm. Hr on th arth h allowd thm to s his grat fir on Sinai Mountain, and h spok to thm from th middl of th fir. Mostly litral rndrings (with som occasional paraphrasing): Ancint Roots Translinar Frrar-Fnton Bibl From havn you hard his voic to corrct you. Ovr th land you saw his grat fir, and hard his words from amidst th fir. From th havns you hav hard His Voic!- whn H taught you, - and upon arth you hav sn His Grat Fir! - and hard His commands from th midst of th fir ;... Catholic Bibls (thos having th imprimatur): Christian Community (1988) H lt you har his voic from havn that you might far him; on arth h lt you s his blazing fir and from th midst of th fir you hard his word. Th Hritag Bibl Out of th havns h mad you to attntivly har his voic, to disciplin you, and h mad you s his grat fir upon arth; and you attntivly hard his words out of th midst of th fir. Nw Amrican Bibl (2011) Out of th havns h lt you har his voic to disciplin you; on arth h lt you s his grat fir, and you hard him spaking out of th fir. Rvisd English Bibl From havn h lt you har his voic for your instruction, and on arth h lt you s his grat fir, and from th hart of th fir you hard his words.

306 Dutronomy Chaptr Jwish/Hbrw Nams Bibls: Complt Jwish Bibl xgss companion Bibl JPS (Tanakh 1985) Kaplan Translation Orthodox Jwish Bibl From havn h causd you to har his voic, in ordr to instruct you; and on arth h causd you to s his grat fir; and you hard his vry words coming out from th fir. From th havns h had you har his voic, to disciplin you: and on arth h had you s his grat fir; and had you har his words from midst th fir. From th havns H lt you har His voic to disciplin you; on arth H lt you s His grat fir; and from amidst that fir you hard His words. From th havns, H lt you har His voic admonishing you, and on arth H showd you His grat fir, so that you hard His words from th fir. Out of Shomayim H mad th to har His voic, that H might disciplin th; upon Ha'Artz H showd th His ish hagdolah; and thou hardst His dvarim out of th midst of th ish. Expandd/Embllishd Bibls: Th Amplifid Bibl Th Expandd Bibl Krtzmann s Commntary NET Bibl Syndin/Thim Th Voic Out of havn H mad you har His voic, that H might corrct, disciplin, and admonish you; and on arth H mad you s His grat fir, and you hard His words out of th midst of th fir. H spok to you from havn to tach [instruct; or disciplin] you. H showd [rvald to] you his grat fir on arth, and you hard him spak from th fir. Out of havn h mad th to har His voic, Ex. 19:9-19, that H might instruct th; and upon arth H showd th His grat fir, in th burning of Mount Sinai; and thou hardst His words out of th midst of th fir. Th purpos of this instruction was to impart a wholsom far of th sanctity of Jhovah to th harts of th popl. From havn h spok to you in ordr to tach you, and on arth h showd you his grat fir from which you also hard his words [Hb "and his words you hard from th midst of th fir."]. Out of havn H mad you to har His voic, that H might instruct you. And upon arth h showd you His grat fir; and you hard his words/'doctrinal communications' {dabar} out of th midst of th fir. You hard His voic from havn as H admonishd you; H showd you His blazing fir on th arth, and you hard His words from insid that fir all at His will. Litral, almost word-for-word, rndrings: Contxt Group Vrsion English Standard Vrsion Grn s Litral Translation God s Truth (Tyndal) World English Bibl Out of th skis { or havns } h mad you har his voic, that h might instruct you: and on land { or arth } h mad you s his grat fir; and you hard his words out of th midst of th fir. Out of havn h lt you har his voic, that h might disciplin you. And on arth h lt you s his grat fir, and you hard his words out of th midst of th fir. H mad you har His voic out of th havns, that H might disciplin you; and H mad you to s His grat fir on arth; and you hard His Word from th midst of th fir. Out of havn h mad you har his voic to nurtur you, and upon arth h showd you his grat fir, and you hard his words out of th fir. Out of havn h mad you to har his voic, that h might instruct you: and on arth h mad you to s his grat fir; and you hard his words out of th midst of th fir.

307 5631 Th Book of Dutronomy Young s Updatd LT Th gist of this vrs: From th havns H has causd you to har His voic, to instruct you, and on arth H has shown you His grat fir, and His words you hav hard out of th midst of th fir. God causd ths popl to har his voic from th havns; and thy saw His grat fir (on th mountain); and H spok to thm from th fir. What you hav sn and what you hav hard should giv you confidnc toward God. Dutronomy 4:36a Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs min (îäï) [pronouncd mihn] from, off, out from, out of, away from, on account of, sinc, than, mor than prposition of sparation Strong's #4480 BDB #577 shâmayîm (ùèîçéäí) [pronouncd shaw-mahyim] havn, havns, skis; th visibl havns, as in as abod of th stars or as th visibl univrs, th sky, atmosphr, tc.; Havn (as th abod of God) masculin dual noun with th dfinit articl Strong s #8064 BDB #1029 shâma (ùèîçò) [pronouncd shaw- MAHÌ] to caus to har, to lt har; to announc, to tll; to call, to summon; to sing; to play [instrumnts] rd 3 prson masculin singular, Hiphil prfct nd with th 2 prson masculin singular suffix Strong's #8085 BDB #1033 êth (àæç) [pronouncd ayth] Indicats nxt word is th objct of th vrb; somtims translatd to untranslatd mark of a dirct objct Strong's #853 BDB #84 qôwl ( åéì) [pronouncd kohl] sound, voic, nois; loud nois, thundring masculin singular noun rd with th 3 prson masculin singular suffix Strong s #6963 BDB #876 lâmd (ìà) [pronouncd l ] to, for, towards, in rgards to dirctional/rlational prposition No Strong s # BDB #510 yâçar (éèñçø) [pronouncd yaw-sahr] to corrct [by blows or strips], to chastis; to corrct [with words] to admonish, to xhort; to dissuad [from anything]; to instruct, to tach Pil infinitiv construct nd with th 2 prson masculin singular suffix Strong's #3256 BDB #415 Translation: H causd you to har His voic from th havns to instruct you;... In this vrs, w hav th vrb yâçar (éèñçø) [pronouncd yaw-sahr] and it mans to disciplin, chastn, admonish; in this situation, thy wr not bing disciplind bcaus thy hard th voic, but th Law of God was an admonishmnt to thm. Thy wr bing instructd. Strong's #3256 BDB #415 Moss bgins to sum things up. Th Isralits hav sn and hard grat things. Thy hard God s voic from havn, which admonishd and instructd thm. Thr ar nough popl standing bfor Moss right hr who can tstify to that.

308 Dutronomy Chaptr Dutronomy 4:36b Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs w (or v ) (åà or åì) [pronouncd wh] and, vn, thn; namly; whn; sinc, that; though; as wll as simpl wâw conjunction No Strong s # BDB #251 al (òçì) [pronouncd ìahl] upon, byond, on, against, abov, ovr, by, bsid prposition of proximity Strong s #5920, #5921 BDB #752 rts (àæøæõ) [pronouncd EH-rts] arth (all or a portion throf), land, trritory, country, continnt; ground, soil; undr th ground [Shol] fminin singular noun with th dfinit articl Strong's #776 BDB #75 râ âh (øèàèä) [pronouncd raw-awh] to caus to s, to caus to look; to show; to caus to s [with plasur]; to caus to know, to caus to larn; to caus to xprinc [vil or good] rd 3 prson masculin singular, Hiphil imprfct nd with th 2 prson masculin singular suffix Strong's #7200 BDB #906 êth (àæç) [pronouncd ayth] Indicats nxt word is th objct of th vrb; somtims translatd to untranslatd mark of a dirct objct Strong's #853 BDB #84 sh (àæù) [pronouncd aysh] fir, lightning, suprnatural fir; prsnc of Y howah, th attndanc of a thophany fminin singular noun rd with th 3 prson masculin singular suffix Strong's #784 BDB #77 gâdôwl (âìèãåéì) [pronouncd gaw-dohl] larg, grat or mighty [in powr, nobility, walth; in numbr, or magnitud and xtnt], loud; ldr, oldr, important, distinguishd; vast, unyilding, immutabl, significant, astonishing fminin singular adjctiv with th dfinit articl Strong s #1419 BDB #152 Translation:...H causd you to s His grat fir upon th arth;... Moss first saw a burning bush, but th popl of Isral saw fir upon th mountain of God (Mount Sinai). Ex. 19:18 Now Mount Sinai was wrappd in smok bcaus th LORD had dscndd on it in fir. Th smok of it wnt up lik th smok of a kiln, and th whol mountain trmbld gratly. (ESV) Bar in mind that God is oftn associatd with fir in th Old Tstamnt, bcaus H is a God of judgmnt. From Dr. Thomas Constabl s commntary: "In addition to His slf-disclosur in vnt, in history, Yahwh rvald Himslf as sovrign in thophany. In this mannr th glorious splndor of th King contributs to His aura of majsty and powr and is thrby prsuasiv of His dignity and authority. Almost without xcption th thophanic rvlation was in th form of fir and its opposit, darknss (Dutronomy 1:33; Dutronomy 4:11-12; Dutronomy 4:33; Dutronomy 4:36; Dutronomy 5:4; Dutronomy 5:22-26; Dutronomy 9:10; Dutronomy 9:15; Dutronomy 10:4; Dutronomy 33:2; cf. Psalms 50:2; Psalms 80:2 [sic 1]; Psalm 94:1)... Th darknss spaks of His transcndnc, His mystrium, His inaccssibility. On th othr hand, th fir rprsntd His immannc, th possibility of His bing known vn if in only a limitd way (cf. Ezkil 1:4; Ezkil 1:27-28; Danil 7:9;

309 5633 Th Book of Dutronomy Rvlation 1:14). [Not: Idm, "A Thology...," p. 64. Cf. Samul Trrin, Th Elusiv Prsnc, pp ]. Dutronomy 4:36c Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs w (or v ) (åà or åì) [pronouncd wh] and, vn, thn; namly; whn; sinc, that; though; as wll as simpl wâw conjunction No Strong s # BDB #251 d bârîym (ãìàáèøäéí) b [pronouncd daw -vawr- EEM] words, sayings, doctrins, commands; things, mattrs, affairs; rports masculin plural noun rd with th 3 prson masculin singular suffix Strong's #1697 BDB #182 shâma (ùèîçò) [pronouncd shaw- MAHÌ] to listn [intntly], to har, to listn and oby, [or, and act upon, giv hd to, tak not of], to harkn to, to b attntiv to, to listn and b cognizant of nd 2 prson masculin singular, Qal prfct Strong's #8085 BDB #1033 min (îäï) [pronouncd mihn] from, off, out from, out of, away from, on account of, sinc, than, mor than prposition of sparation Strong's #4480 BDB #577 tâvk ( úìèåæ) [pronouncd E taw-vek ] midst, among, middl masculin singular construct Strong's #8432 BDB #1063 With th min prposition, this can man from th midst [of anything]; out from, out of. sh (àæù) [pronouncd aysh] fir, lightning, suprnatural fir; prsnc of Y howah, th attndanc of a thophany fminin singular noun with th dfinit articl Strong's #784 BDB #77 Translation:...and you hard His words [com] from th midst of th fir. Moss first gav th Tn Commandmnts to all of th popl. Moss did not com down from th mountain saying, Hy, you hav to har this, guys! God spok to th popl as a whol. Ex. 20:1 2 And God spok all ths words, saying, "I am th LORD your God, who brought you out of th land of Egypt, out of th hous of slavry. This gratly frightnd th popl, and thy rqustd that Moss b th go-btwn, so that thy did not hav to har th grat and trribl voic of God. Ex. 20:18 21 (this taks plac right aftr th Tn Commandmnts ar givn) Now whn all th popl saw th thundr and th flashs of lightning and th sound of th trumpt and th mountain smoking, th popl wr afraid and trmbld, and thy stood far off and said to Moss, "You spak to us, and w will listn; but do not lt God spak to us, lst w di." Moss said to th popl, "Do not far, for God has com to tst you, that th far of him may b bfor you, that you may not sin." Th popl stood far off, whil Moss drw nar to th thick darknss whr God was. (ESV; capitalizd) Ptr Ptt: Yahwh had mad thm har His grat voic from havn, so that thy might b instructd, and H had mad thm s His grat unarthly fir on arth. And it was out of th midst of that grat fir that thy had hard His words. Thus thy must rcognis that thir xprinc in Horb as thy gathrd round Mount Sinai was uniqu, and a powrful rvlation of Yahwh thir God 201 which thy must vr carry with thm From accssd May 15, From accssd May 13, 2015.

310 Dutronomy Chaptr So, why do w rad about this? W don t s ths signs; w don t har ths words. W larn that popl, rgardlss of what thy har or s, still hav thir own volition. I don t hav to s a mountain xplod into fir and har God s voic com from it, to rcogniz that God is ral and that th Bibl is His Word. Th compltd Word of God, basd upon what w know about th Exodus gnration, is mor powrful than anything that w can s and har. This, Ptr confirms in 2Ptr 1:16 20 For w did not follow clvrly dvisd myths whn w mad known to you th powr and coming of our Lord Jsus Christ, but w wr ywitnsss of his majsty. For whn h rcivd honor and glory from God th Fathr, and th voic was born to him by th Majstic Glory, "This is my blovd Son,i with whom I am wll plasd," w ourslvs hard this vry voic born from havn, for w wr with him on th holy mountain. And w hav th prophtic word mor fully confirmd, to which you will do wll to pay attntion as to a lamp shining in a dark plac, until th day dawns and th morning star riss in your harts, knowing this first of all, that no prophcy of Scriptur coms from somon's own intrprtation. (ESV) This is an amazing thing which Saint Ptr says. H saw th glorifid LORD; h hard th voic of God things w can only barly imagin. And thn Ptr says, Yt w hav a prophtic Word which is mor fully confirmd. Gratr than what h saw and hard is th Word of God. This is vn bttr xprssd by th AUV NT: 2Ptr 1:16 21 For w did not us clvrly concivd storis whn w told you about th powr and coming of our Lord Jsus Christ, bcaus w wr ywitnsss of His Majsty [i.., th apostls had prsonally sn th miraculous powr of Jsus]. For Jsus had rcivd honor and glory from God, th Fathr, whn [God s] voic cam to Him from th Majstic Glory saying, This is my darly lovd Son, and I am vry plasd with Him. And w hard this voic coming from havn whn w wr with Him in th holy mountain. And w hav th mssag of th prophts [confirmd to us] as mor crtain [than vr]. So, you will do wll to pay carful attntion to it, as [you would] to a lamp in a dark plac, until th day dawns and th morning star riss in your harts [Not: This probably rfrs to th bginning of th Gospl ag, whn popl would bcom nlightnd to its mssag]. Abov all, [you should raliz] that no prophcy of Scriptur originats from a prson s own initiativ [Not: This passag is discussing th sourc of Scriptur, not th undrstanding of it]. For prophcy was nvr producd by th will of man, but popl spok from God, as thy wr carrid along [i.., inspird] by th Holy Spirit. Human viwpoint would tll us th popl of th xodus would b much mor strongr in faith bcaus of all that thy hav sn and hard; but, popl in this ra, who hav sn nothing truly out of th ordinary, who can hav th gratr faith. In lif, what w bliv in is a choic! Many of th ancint Isralits did not bliv fully in th Lord, dspit all that thy saw and thy did th sin unto dath in that dsrt-wildrnss. God gav thm grat signs; but with thos signs cam immns rsponsibility. W hav alrady sn that God had spokn th Tn Commandmnts dirctly to all of th childrn of Isral. Thy wr not a mans of salvation-rightousnss although thy wr to b adhrd to thy wr laws which must b followd to insur th privacy and frdom of all. "Thn You did com down on Mount Sinai and You spok with thm from havn; and you gav to thm just ordinancs and tru laws, good statuts and commandmnts." (Nh. 8:13). Th writr of Hbrws warns th Jws of his day, vn as h warns us: S to it that you do not rfus Him who is spaking, for if thos did not scap whn thy rfusd him who warnd [thm] on arth, much lss [shall w scap] who turn away from Him who [warns us] from havn (Hb. 12:25).

311 5635 Th Book of Dutronomy And bcaus H lovd your fathrs and so H chooss in his sd aftr him and so H brings you out in His facs with His powr th grat from Egypt, to driv out nations grat and mighty mor than you from your facs, to bring you in to giv to you thir land, an inhritanc as th day th this. And you hav known th day and you hav causd to rturn unto your hart that Y howah, H [is] Elohim in th [two] havns abov and upon th arth bnath; [thr is] non ls. Dutronomy 4:37 39 Bcaus H lovd your fathrs, H chos his offspring aftr him, and [thrfor] brings you out from Egypt with His prsnc [and] with His grat powr, to dispossss [othr] nations gratr and strongr than you from bfor you, to bring you in [to th land of Canaan], [and] to giv you thir land [as] an inhritanc as this day. And you know today and you will mak [this doctrin] rturn to your thinking: that Y howah, H [is] Elohim, [both] in th havns abov and on th arth blow; [and thr is] no othr. God lovd your fathrs, and thrfor, H chos you, thir dscndants. H brought you out of Egypt with His Prsnc and with His grat powr, driving out gratr and strongr nations bfor you, bringing you into th land of Canaan and giving you thir land as an inhritanc this day. Thrfor, know and plac this doctrin into your thinking: that Jhovah, H is God, both in th havns abov and on th arth blow; that thr is no othr god bsids Him. Hr is how othrs hav translatd this vrs: Ancint txts: Masortic Txt (Hbrw) Targum of Onklos Latin Vulgat Pshitta (Syriac) Sptuagint (Grk) And bcaus H lovd your fathrs and so H chooss in his sd aftr him and so H brings you out in His facs with His powr th grat from Egypt, to driv out nations grat and mighty mor than you from your facs, to bring you in to giv to you thir land, an inhritanc as th day th this. And you hav known th day and you hav causd to rturn unto your hart that Y howah, H [is] Elohim in th [two] havns abov and upon th arth bnath; [thr is] non ls. And bcaus H lovd your fathrs Abraham and Izhak, thrfor has H plasur in th childrn of Jakob aftr him, and has brought you in His lovingkindnss and powr from Mizraim, to driv out nations gratr and strongr than you from bfor you, and giv you thir land to inhrit as at this day. Know thrfor today, and st your hart upon it, that th Lord is God, whos Shkinah dwlls in th havns abov, and rigns on th arth bnath, nithr is thr any othr bsid Him. Bcaus H lovd your fathrs, and chos thir sd aftr thm. And H brought you out of Egypt, going bfor you with His grat powr, To dstroy at your coming vry grat nations, and strongr than you ar, and to bring you in, and giv you thir land for a possssion, as you s at this prsnt day. Know thrfor this day, and think in your hart that th Lord h is God in havn abov, and in th arth bnath, and thr is no othr. And bcaus H lovd your fathrs, thrfor H chos thir dscndants aftr thm, and brought you out of Egypt with His own prson, with a mighty powr; To dstroy nations from bfor you, who ar gratr and mightir than you ar, to bring you in, to giv you thir land for an inhritanc, as it is this day. Know thrfor this day, and caus your hart to rpnt, for it is th LORD who is God in havn abov and upon th arth bnath; thr is non ls bsids him. Bcaus H lovd your fathrs, H also chos you, thir sd, aftr thm, and H brought you Himslf out of Egypt with His grat strngth, to dstroy nations gratr and strongr than you bfor your fac, to bring you in, to giv you thir land to inhrit, as you hav this day. And you shall know this day, and shall considr in your hart, that th Lord your God, H is God in havn abov, and on th arth blow, and thr is non ls but H.

312 Dutronomy Chaptr Significant diffrncs: Th targum adds additional phrass. It has taks plasur rathr than chooss. Th Latin and Syriac us two plural pronouns rathr than th singular found in th Hbrw. To us, it sounds bttr. In His facs causs som difficulty in translation, so w s som disparity thr in th ancint translations. Limitd Vocabulary Translations: Th Hbrw has to driv out; th Latin, Syriac and Grk all hav to dstroy. Bibl in Basic English Easy English Easy-to-Rad Vrsion Th Mssag Nams of God Bibl NIRV Nw Simplifid Bibl And bcaus of his lov for your fathrs, h took thir sd and mad it his, and h himslf, prsnt among you, took you out of Egypt by his grat powr; Driving out bfor you nations gratr and strongr than you, to tak you into thir land and giv it to you for your hritag, as at this day. So today b crtain, and kp th knowldg dp in your harts, that th Lord is God, in havn on high and hr on arth; thr is no othr God. H brought you out of Egypt bcaus h lovd your ancstors. H chos you, thir dscndants, and h brought you out of Egypt. H did this by himslf. H is grat and powrful. H snt away th popl of othr countris who ar gratr and strongr than you. H snt thm away in front of you. H did this to giv you thir country. This country now blongs to you. Rmmbr today and nvr forgt that th LORD is God. H is God in th sky abov you and on th arth blow it. Thr is no othr God. Th Lord lovd your ancstors [Litrally, "fathrs," maning a prson s parnts, grandparnts, and all th popl thy ar dscndd from.]. That is why h chos you, thir dscndants [A prson s childrn and thir futur familis.]. And that is why th Lord brought you out of Egypt. H was with you and brought you out with his grat powr. Whn you movd forward, th Lord forcd out nations that wr gratr and mor powrful than you. And th Lord ld you into thir land. H gav you thir land to liv in. And is still doing that today. So today you must rmmbr and accpt that th Lord is God. H is God in havn abov and on th arth blow. Thr is no othr God! H lovd your ancstors and chos to work with thir childrn. H prsonally and powrfully brought you out of Egypt in ordr to displac biggr and strongr and oldr nations with you, bringing you out and turning thir land ovr to you as an inhritanc. And now it's happning. This vry day. Know this wll, thn. Tak it to hart right now: God is in Havn abov; God is on Earth blow. Bcaus h lovd your ancstors and chos thir dscndants, h was with you as h brought you out of Egypt by his grat powr. H forcd nations gratr and strongr than you out of your way to bring you into thir land and giv it to you. This land is your own possssion today. Rmmbr today, and nvr forgt that Yahwh is Elohim in havn abov and hr on arth. Thr is no othr god. H lovd your popl of long ago. H chos thir childrn aftr thm. So h brought you out of Egypt. H usd his grat strngth to do it. H drov out nations to mak room for you. Thy wr gratr and strongr than you ar. H will bring you into thir land. H wants to giv it to you as your vry own. Th whol land is as good as yours right now. Th Lord is God in havn abov and on th arth blow. Today you must agr with that and tak it to hart. Thr is no othr God.»H lovd your fathrs. Thrfor h chos thir dscndants. In fact h watchd ovr you and h brought you out of Egypt with his mighty powr.»h drov out nations far gratr than you so that h could bring you in and giv you thir land as an inhritanc as it is today.

313 5637 Th Book of Dutronomy Thought-for-thought translations; paraphrass:»know this and considr it in your hart today: JEHOVAH IS GOD in havn abov, and on th arth bnath: THERE IS NO ONE ELSE! Contmporary English V. Th Living Bibl Nw Brkly Vrsion Nw Cntury Vrsion Nw Living Translation Th LORD lovd your ancstors and dcidd that you would b his popl. So th LORD usd his grat powr to bring you out of Egypt. Now you fac othr nations mor powrful than you ar, but th LORD has alrady startd forcing thm out of thir land and giving it to you. So rmmbr that th LORD is th only tru God, whthr in th sky abov or on th arth blow. "It was bcaus h lovd your ancstors and chos to blss thir dscndants that h prsonally brought you out from Egypt with a grat display of powr. H drov away othr nations gratr by far than you and gav you thir land as an inhritanc, as it is today. This is your wondrful thought for th day: Jhovah is God both in havn and down hr upon th arth; and thr is no God othr than him! Bcaus H lovd your fathrs and chos thir dscndants aftr thm, H prsonally brought you out of Egypt by His own mighty powr, nabling you to driv out nations gratr and strongr than you, to bring you into thir land and to giv it to you for a hritag, as is th cas today. Know thrfor and tak to hart, that th LORD, H is God in th havns abov and on th arth blow; thr is no othr [A rmarkabl dclaration of pur monothism; s, in addition, Isa. 45:5, 6, 14, 18, 21, 22 and 46:9.]. Bcaus th Lord lovd your ancstors, h chos you, thir dscndants, and h brought you out of Egypt himslf by his grat strngth. H forcd nations out of thir land ahad of you, nations that wr biggr and strongr than you wr. Th Lord did this so h could bring you into thir land and giv it to you as your own, and this land is yours today. Know and bliv today that th Lord is God. H is God in havn abov and on th arth blow. Thr is no othr god!. Bcaus h lovd your ancstors, h chos to blss thir dscndants, and h prsonally brought you out of Egypt with a grat display of powr. H drov out nations far gratr than you, so h could bring you in and giv you thir land as your spcial possssion, as it is today. "So rmmbr this and kp it firmly in mind: Th Lord is God both in havn and on arth, and thr is no othr. Partially litral and partially paraphrasd translations: Amrican English Bibl Intrnational Standard V 'It was only bcaus H lovd your ancstors that H chos you (bcaus you'r thir sd) and drw you to Him; and thn with His grat strngth, H brought you out of Egypt. Thraftr, H dstroyd nations that wr much gratr and strongr than you ar - right in front of you - to bring you hr today and giv you thir land as your inhritanc. 'So, rcogniz all of this and considr it in your harts. For Jhovah your God is th God of th havns abov and th lands down blow. and thr is no othr! Morovr, h lovd your ancstors, chos thir dscndants aftr thm, and brought you out of Egypt, accompanid by his prsnc and grat powr, in ordr to driv out nations that ar strongr and mor powrful than you, to bring you into this land [Th Hb. lacks this land], and to giv you thir land as an inhritanc, as it is today.

314 Dutronomy Chaptr Nw Advnt (Knox) Bibl Translation for Translators "May you acknowldg and tak to hart this day that th LORD is God in th havns abov and ovr th arth blow-thr is no othr God [Th Hb. lacks God]. From havn h uttrd his warnings, and on arth his voic cam to th from th hart of that drad fir h shwd th; and all bcaus h lovd thy fathrs, and had chosn out thir postrity. H rscud th from Egypt, and marchd on bfor th with th grat powr that is his, rady to dispossss proud nations that wr mor than a match for th at thy coming, and mak thir lands thin; it has happnd hr undr thy ys. B sur, thn, of this hncforward, and kp it bfor thy mind, that th Lord is th God who rigns in havn abov and on arth bnath; thr is no othr. V. 36 is includd for contxt. Bcaus h lovd our ancstors, h chos you Isralis who ar thir dscndants, and by his grat powr h brought your ancstors out of Egypt. As thy advancd, h xplld th popl of nations that wr gratr and mor powrful than thy wr, in ordr that h could allow thm to captur thir land and caus it to bcom yours, which is what is happning now. So today you should mditat on/think about th fact that Yahwh is God, that h is/ruls in havn and also on th arth, and that thr is no othr god. Mostly litral rndrings (with som occasional paraphrasing): Ancint Roots Translinar Frrar-Fnton Bibl Lxham English Bibl For undr his lov for your fathrs, h chos thir sd aftr thm, and procdd in front of you with his grat powr from Egypt, to possss nations gratr and biggr than you, bringing and giving you thir land in front of you for an inhritanc this day. Know today, and rturn it into your hart: Yahwh, h's God in havn abov and ovr th land undr it, still with non as him....bcaus H lovd your fathrs, and chos thir rac aftr thm, and brought you by His grat might to His Prsnc from among th Mitzraim, and will driv grat and mor powrful nations than you bfor your fac, to bring you to, - to giv you, - thir country as a possssion, - as at this day! Thrfor larn to-day, - and fix it in your hart,- that th Evr-living, H is God in havn, and upon th arth, - and xcpt Him thr is no othr!. And bcaus h lovd your ancstors [Or "fathrs"] h chos thir dscndants [Litrally "sd"] aftr thm. And h brought you forth from Egypt with his own prsnc [Litrally "with his facs"], by his grat strngth, to driv out nations gratr and mor numrous than you from bfor you [Litrally "from your fac"], to bring you and to giv to you thir land as an inhritanc, as it is this day. So you shall acknowldg today [Litrally "th day"], and you must call to mind [Litrally "you shall bring back to your hart"] that Yahwh is God in havn abov and on th arth bnath. Thr is no othr God. Catholic Bibls (thos having th imprimatur): Christian Community (1988) Th Hritag Bibl Bcaus of th lov h had for your fathrs, h chos thir dscndants aftr thm, and h him slf mad you lav Egypt with his grat powr. H xplld bfor you popls mor numrous and strongr than you, and h has mad you occupy thir land: today h has givn this to you as an inhritanc. Thrfor, try to b convincd that Yahwh is th only God of havn and arth, and that thr is no othr. And bcaus h lovd your fathrs, thrfor h chos thir sd aftr thm, and brought you out of Egypt bfor his fac with his grat powr, To driv out popls, gratr and mor powrful than you, from bfor your fac, to bring you in, to giv you thir land as an inhritanc, as it is this day. And know by sing this day, and

315 5639 Th Book of Dutronomy Nw Amrican Bibl (2011) Nw Jrusalm Bibl Nw RSV Rvisd English Bibl turn back in your hart, bcaus Jhovah, h is God in th havns abov and upon th arth bnath; thr is non ls. For lov of your ancstors h chos thir dscndants aftr thm and by his prsnc and grat powr ld you out of Egypt, dispossssing bfor you nations gratr and mightir than you, so as to bring you in and to giv thir land to you as a hritag, as it is today. This is why you must now acknowldg, and fix in your hart, that th LORD is God in th havns abov and on arth blow, and that thr is no othr. Dt 4:35; 32:39; 1 Kgs 8:60; Is 43:10-13; Jl 2:27. Bcaus h lovd your ancstors and, aftr thm, chos thir dscndants, h has brought you out of Egypt, displaying his prsnc and mighty powr, dispossssing for you nations who wr largr and strongr than you, to mak way for you and to giv you thir country as your hritag, as it still is today. 'Hnc, grasp this today and mditat on it carfully: Yahwh is th tru God, in havn abov as on arth bnath, h and no othr. And bcaus h lovd your ancstors, h chos thir dscndants aftr thm. H brought you out of Egypt with his own prsnc, by his grat powr, driving out bfor you nations gratr and mightir than yourslvs, to bring you in, giving you thir land for a possssion, as it is still today. So acknowldg today and tak to hart that th Lord is God in havn abov and on th arth bnath; thr is no othr. Bcaus h lovd your fathrs and chos thir childrn aftr thm, h in his own prson brought you out of Egypt by his grat strngth, so that h might driv out bfor you nations gratr and mor powrful than you and bring you in to giv you thir land in possssion, as it is to this day. B sur to bar in mind this day that th LORD is God in havn abov and on arth blow; thr is non othr. Jwish/Hbrw Nams Bibls: Complt Jwish Bibl xgss companion Bibl JPS (Tanakh 1985) Kaplan Translation Bcaus h lovd your ancstors, chos thir dscndants aftr thm and brought you out of Egypt with his prsnc and grat powr, in ordr to driv out ahad of you nations gratr and strongr than you, so that h could bring you in and giv you thir land as an inhritanc, as is th cas today; know today, and stablish it in your hart, that Adonai is God in havn abov and on arth blow - thr is no othr. And bcaus h lovd your fathrs, h chos thir sd aftr thm and brought you out at his fac with his mighty forc from Misrayim; to dispossss from your fac goyim gratr and mightir than you; to bring you in, to giv you thir land - an inhritanc, as this day. Know this day, and rturn it in your hart, that Yah Vh is Elohim in th havns abov and on th arth bnath - non ls. And bcaus H lovd your fathrs, H chos thir hirs aftr thm; H Himslf, in His grat might, ld you out of Egypt, to driv from your path nations gratr and mor populous than you, to tak you into thir land and assign it to you as a hritag, as is still th cas. Know thrfor this day and kp in mind that th Lord alon is God in havn abov and on arth blow; thr is no othr. It was bcaus H lovd your fathrs, and chos thir [(Saadia). Litrally, 'his.' Som say that this dnots Jacob in particular (Targum Yonathan; Rashi).] childrn aftr thm, that [God] Himslf [(Lkach Tov from 2 Samul 17:11; Sptuagint).

316 Dutronomy Chaptr Orthodox Jwish Bibl Rstord Nams Vrsion Th Scripturs 1998 B-phanav in Hbrw, litrally, 'with His prsnc,' 'with His 'fac',' or 'bfor Him.' S Exodus 33:14. Or, 'fac,' can dnot dsir (Saadia), angr (Ibn Ezra), or 'th angl of th fac' (Isaiah 63:9; Tur). Or, 'bfor [Egypt]' (Chizzkuni).] brought you out of Egypt with His grat powr. H will driv away bfor you nations that ar gratr and strongr than you, so as to bring you to thir lands, and giv thm to you as a hritag, as [H is doing] today. Raliz it today and pondr it in your hart: God is th Suprm Bing in havn abov and on th arth bnath - thr is no othr. And bcaus H lovd Avoticha, thrfor H chos thir zra aftr thm, and brought th out in His sight with His ko'ach hagadol out of Mitzrayim; To driv out Goyim from bfor th gratr and mightir than thou art, to bring th in, to giv th thir land for a nachalah, as it is yom hazh. Know thrfor today, and considr it in thin lv, that Hashm H is HaElohim in Shomayim abov, and upon Ha'Artz bnath: thr is no othr. And bcaus H lovd your fathrs, and H chos thir dscndants aftr thm and H brought you out of Mitsrayim with His Prsnc, with His mighty powr, driving out from bfor you nations gratr and mightir than you, to bring you in to giv you thir land as an inhritanc, as it is this day. And know this day and considr it in your hart that Yahuwah Himslf is th Elohiym in th sky abov and on th arth bnath. Thr is no othr! And bcaus H lovd your fathrs, thrfor H chos thir sd aftr thm, and brought you out of Mitsrayim with His Prsnc, with His grat powr, to driv out from bfor you nations gratr and strongr than you, to bring you in, to giv you thir land as an inhritanc, as it is today. And you shall know today, and shall rcall to your hart that éäåä Himslf is Elohim in th havns abov and on th arth bnath; thr is non ls. Expandd/Embllishd Bibls: Th Amplifid Bibl Th Expandd Bibl Krtzmann s Commntary NET Bibl And bcaus H lovd your fathrs, H chos thir dscndants aftr thm, and brought you out from Egypt with His own Prsnc, by His mighty powr, Driving out nations from bfor you, gratr and mightir than yourslvs, to bring you in, to giv you thir land for an inhritanc, as it is this day; Know, rcogniz, and undrstand thrfor this day and turn your [mind and] hart to it that th Lord is God in th havns abov and upon th arth bnath; thr is no othr. Bcaus th Lord lovd your ancstors [fathrs; Gn. 12:1-3], h chos you, thir L dscndants [ sd], and h brought you out of Egypt himslf by his grat strngth. H forcd [dispossssd] nations out of thir land ahad of you, nations that wr biggr and strongr than you wr. Th Lord did this so h could bring L you into thir land and giv it to you as your own [ inhritanc], and this land is L yours today [ as it is this day]. Know and bliv [tak to hart; bar in mind] today that th Lord is God. H is God in havn abov and on th arth blow. Thr is no othr god! And bcaus H lovd thy fathrs, from Abraham down, thrfor h chos thir sd aftr thm, and brought th out in His sight with His mighty powr out of Egypt, Ex. 13:3-14; to driv out nations from bfor th gratr and mightir than thou art, to bring th in, to giv th thir land for an inhritanc, as it is this day, for th conqust of th country ast of th Jordan was a guarant of th conqust of th ntir country. Know, thrfor, this day, and considr it in thin hart, contmplat th lssons of all ths happnings most carfully, that th Lord, h is God in havn abov and upon th arth bnath; thr is non ls, thr is only on tru God; H is unity. Morovr, bcaus h lovd [Th concpt of lov hr is not primarily that of motional affction but of commitmnt or dvotion. This vrs suggsts that God

317 5641 Th Book of Dutronomy Th Voic chos Isral to b his spcial popl bcaus h lovd th patriarchs (Abraham, Isaac, Jacob) and had promisd to blss thir dscndants. S as wll Dut 7:7-9.] your ancstors, h chos thir [Th LXX, Smr, Syriac, Targum, and Vulgat rad a third prson masculin plural suffix for th MT's 3rd prson masculin singular, "his dscndants." Cf. Dut 10:15. Quit likly th MT should b mndd in this instanc.] dscndants who followd thm and prsonally brought you out of Egypt with his grat powr 4:38 to dispossss nations gratr and strongr than you and brought you hr this day to giv you thir land as your proprty.64 4:39 Today raliz and carfully considr that th Lord is God in havn abov and on arth blow - thr is no othr! Bcaus H lovd your ancstors, H's also committd to thir dscndants who cam aftr thm, and that's why H prsonally brought you out of Egypt by His own grat powr. H dfatd nations that ar gratr and strongr than you, and H lt you liv on thir land. It will blong to you! You just nd to know with vry fibr of your bing that th Etrnal, and no on ls, is God up in havn and down hr on th arth. Litral, almost word-for-word, rndrings: Concordant Litral Vrsion Contxt Group Vrsion Darby Translation Emphasizd Bibl God s Truth (Tyndal) Nw King Jams Vrsion For inasmuch as H lovd your fathrs and chos thir sd aftr thm and brought you forth from Egypt into His prsnc by His grat vigor, to vict gratr and mor substantial nations than you from your prsnc, to bring you in and giv to you thir country as an allotmnt, as it is this day, so you know today, and you rcall it to your hart that Yahwh, H is th only Elohim in th havns abov and on th arth bnath; thr is no on ls. And bcaus h gav allgianc to your fathrs, thrfor h chos thir sd aftr thm, and brought you out with his prsnc, with his grat powr, out of Egypt; to driv out nations from bfor you gratr and mightir than you, to bring you in, to giv you thir land { or arth } for an inhritanc, as at this day. Know thrfor this day, and lay it to your hart, that YHWH h is God in th skis { or havns } abov and on th land { or arth } bnath; thr is no othr. And bcaus h lovd thy fathrs, and chos thir sd aftr thm, h brought th out with his countnanc, with his grat powr, out of Egypt, to dispossss nations from bfor th gratr and mightir than thou art, to bring th in, to giv th thir land for an inhritanc, as it is this day. Thou shalt know thrfor this day, and considr it in thy hart, that Jhovah, h is God in th havns abov, and on th arth bnath: [thr is] non ls. And bcaus that h lovd thy fathrs, thrfor chos h his sd aftr him, and brought th forth with his prsnc with his grat might, out of Egypt; to dispossss nations, gratr and strongr than thou from bfor th, to bring th in. to giv unto th thir land for an inhritanc: As at this day. So thn thou must considr to-day, and bring it back to thy hart, that, Yahwh, h is God in th havns abov and upon th arth bnath, thr is non othr. And bcaus h lovd your fathrs, thrfor h chos thir sd aftr thm and brought you out with his prsnc and with his mighty powr of Egypt: to thrust out nations gratr and mightir than you bfor you, to bring you in and to giv you thir land to inhritanc: as it is com to pass this day. Undrstand thrfor this day and turn it to your hart, that th Lord h is God in havn abov and upon th arth bnath thr is no mor:. And bcaus H lovd your fathrs, thrfor H chos thir dscndants aftr thm; and H brought you out of Egypt with His Prsnc, with His mighty powr, driving out from bfor you nations gratr and mightir than you, to bring you in, to giv you thir land as an inhritanc, as it is this day. Thrfor know this day,

318 Dutronomy Chaptr Wbstr s updatd Bibl Young s Updatd LT Th gist of this vrs: and considr it in your hart, that th Lord Himslf is God in havn abov and on th arth bnath; thr is no othr. And bcaus h lovd your fathrs, thrfor h chos thir sd aftr thm, and brought you out of Egypt in his sight with his mighty powr. To driv out nations from bfor you, gratr and mightir than you [ar], to bring you in, to giv you thir land [for] an inhritanc, as [it is] this day. Know thrfor this day, and considr [it] in your hart, that th LORD h [is] God in havn abov, and upon th arth bnath: [thr is] non ls. And bcaus that H has lovd your fathrs, H dos also fix on thir sd aftr thm, and dos bring you out, in His prsnc, by His grat powr, from Egypt: to dispossss nations gratr and strongr than you, from your prsnc, to bring you in to giv to you thir land an inhritanc, as at this day. And you hav known today, and hav turnd it back unto your hart, that Jhovah H is God, in th havns abov, and on th arth bnath thr is non ls. God has don what H has don bcaus H lovd th patriarchs. Thrfor, H brought Isral out of Egypt, dispossssing othr grat nations bfor thm, giving thm th land of promis. Thn thy should know, in thir thinking, that Y howah is God, and thr is no othr. As w bgin this passag, bar in mind, this is all in th contxt of bing thrown out of th land and this is th thinking which must tak plac in ordr for God to rstor thm. Moss, howvr, is spaking this to popl who hav not yt st foot in th land of promis. At th sam tim, ths final vrss, along with v. 40, form th conclusion for Moss mssag to th popl. So Moss both tlls th Isralits what thy nd to think whn thy ar outsid of th land and want to rturn; as wll as, what thir thinking should b right now, at this tim. Th bginning of v. 37 is a qustionabl rading. Th Massortic txt has a conjunction, an introductory prposition or advrb and conjunction ar difficult to gt a fix on; so allow m to giv you what othr translators hav don: Th Amplifid Bibl Th Emphasizd Bibl NASB Young's Lit. Translation And bcaus... And bcaus that... Bcaus [altrnativ rading: And instad, bcaus...] And bcaus that... Th translations not mntiond wnt with and bcaus. Dutronomy 4:37a Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs w (or v ) (åà or åì) [pronouncd wh] and, vn, thn; namly; whn; sinc, that; though; as wll as simpl wâw conjunction No Strong s # BDB #251 tachath (úìçççú) [pronouncd TAHkhahth] undrnath, blow, undr, bnath; instad of, in liu of; in th plac [in which on stands]; in xchang for; on th basis of prposition Strong s #8478 BDB #1065 kîy (ëìäé) [pronouncd k] for, that, bcaus; whn, at that tim, which, what tim xplanatory or tmporal conjunction; prposition Strong's #3588 BDB #471

319 5643 Th Book of Dutronomy Dutronomy 4:37a Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs Translators suggst togthr, ths prpositions man, bcaus, for inasmuch. âhêb (àèäåá) [pronouncd B aw-hayv ] to dsir, to brath aftr; to lov; to dlight in; human lov [for anothr] [familial, sxual]; human lov [dsir, apptit] for [food, drink, slp, wisdom]; human lov [for, to God]; God s lov [toward mn, popl of Isral, rightousnss]; to lik rd 3 prson masculin singular, Qal prfct Strong s #157 BDB #12 êth (àæç) [pronouncd ayth] Indicats nxt word is th objct of th vrb; somtims translatd to untranslatd mark of a dirct objct Strong's #853 BDB #84 âb (àèá) [pronouncd b aw v] fathr, both as th had of a houshold, clan or trib; foundr, civil ladr, military ladr masculin plural noun nd with th 2 prson masculin singular suffix Strong s #1 BDB #3 Translation: Bcaus H lovd your fathrs,... God lovd Abraham. God calld Abraham His frind. Bcaus of this, God chos to blss th dscndants of Abraham. Dr. John Gill: Not thir immdiat fathrs, whos carcasss fll in th wildrnss, and ntrd not into th good land bcaus of thir unblif, but thir mor rmot fathrs or ancstors, Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, who had som singular tstimonis of th lov of God to thm, Abraham is calld thir frind of God, and Isaac was th son of promis in whom th sd was calld; and Jacob is 202 particularly said to b lovd by God, whn Esau was hatd. Ellicott's Commntary: Th rasons for God's choic of Isral ar frquntly statd in this book; and thy ar always statd in such a way as to nforc th doctrin of God's sovrignty, and to show th Isralits that thir own mrit was in no way th ground of God's choic. 203 And just so you don't miss it, this is th first mntion of God's lov in th Bibl. Howvr, God's lov is not a scondary thm only mntiond in Dutronomy, but it will play a prominnt part in this book, as wll as throughout Scriptur. "Y howah did not st His lov on you nor choos you bcaus you wr mor in numbr than any of th popls, for you wr th fwst of all popls, but bcaus Y howah lovd you and kpt th oath which H swor to your forfathrs, Y howah brought you out by a mighty hand, and rdmd you from th hous of slavry, from th hand of Pharaoh, king of Egypt. Know thrfor that Y howah your God, H is God, th faithful God, who kps His covnant and his grac to a thousandth gnration wit thos who lov Him and kp His commandmnts." (Dut. 7:7 9; s also, Dut. 5:10 7:13 10:15 23:5) Also, not th paralll: you ar I ar blovd of God bcaus w ar in Christ. W both know that w do not dsrv God s I am confidnt that God has givn m th grat privilg to b abl to study, undrstand, intrprt and thn writ about His Word, to th nd that this will hav trnal impact Dr. John Gill, John Gill s Exposition of th Entir Bibl; from -Sword, Dut. 4:37. From accssd May 10, 2015.

320 Dutronomy Chaptr lov in any way, shap or form; but God lovs His Son, w ar in His Son, and thrfor, w ar th objcts of God s lov. Th popl standing bfor Moss ar vry much th sam. God lovs thm bcaus thy cam from th loins of Abraham. God lovd Abraham; God calld Abraham His frind; and so, bcaus ths dscndants ar in Abraham (so to spak thy com from Abraham), God lovs thm. I know that in m dwlls no good thing (Rom. 7:18). What I am is God s grac; what I hav is God s grac; what my lif is, is God s grac. I don t gt up at 3 or 4 in th morning to study th Word of God and to writ my obsrvations out of far or vn out of obligation; it is what givs my lif maning and dimnsion. It is what I njoy doing. It is my spiritual gift and it is dsignd with m in mind. Bing abl to study and (hopfully) accuratly xplain th Word of God is a gift; it is God s grac to m. At this point in my lif, I hav no ida of th impact of th words that I writ. Howvr, I do know that powr of God s Word; and, for that rason, I am confidnt that God has givn m th grat privilg to b abl to study, undrstand, intrprt and thn writ about His Word, to th nd that this will hav trnal impact. I don t bliv this bcaus I am som sort of grat Christian I crtainly am not. What God has givn m is absolut grac. This is a privilg. Dutronomy 4:37b Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs wa (or va) (åç) [pronouncd wah] and so, and thn, thn, and; so, that, yt, thrfor, consquntly; bcaus wâw conscutiv No Strong s # BDB #253 bâchar (áìèççø) [pronouncd baw- KHAHR] to choos; Gsnius also lists to prov, to try, to xamin, to approv, to choos, to slct; to lov, to dlight in [somthing], to dsir rd 3 prson masculin singular, Qal imprfct Strong's #977 BDB #103 h b (áìà) [pronouncd b ] in, into, at, by, nar, on, with, bfor, against, by mans of, among, within a prposition of proximity No Strong s # BDB #88 zra (ææøçò) [pronouncd ZEH-rahì] a sd, a sowing; an offspring, progny, dscndant; postrity masculin singular noun rd with th 3 prson masculin singular suffix Strong s #2233 BDB #282 Th NET Bibl: Th LXX, Smr, Syriac, Targum, and Vulgat rad a third prson masculin plural suffix for th MT's 3rd prson masculin singular, "his dscndants." Cf. Dut 10:15. Quit likly th MT should b mndd 204 in this instanc. achãrêy (àççâøåé) [pronouncd ah-kuh- RAY] bhind, aftr; following; aftr that, aftrwards; hindr parts prposition; plural form rd with th 3 prson masculin singular suffix Strong s #310 BDB #29 Translation:...H chos his offspring aftr him,... God chos th dscndants of Abraham; ths dscndants would continu with th blssing of God. You will rcall that God chos carfully. Thr wr two half-brothrs, both sons of Abraham: Ishmal and Isaac; God chos Isaac. Thn Isaac had two sons: Esau and Jacob, and God chos Jacob. And thn, all of Jacob s sons bcam th basis for th Jwish nation. 204 From accssd April 9, 2015 (footnot). Thy do not commnt about th following prposition (but thy translat it, who followd thm).

321 5645 Th Book of Dutronomy Dutronomy 4:37c Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs wa (or va) (åç) [pronouncd wah] and so, and thn, thn, and; so, that, yt, thrfor, consquntly; bcaus wâw conscutiv No Strong s # BDB #253 yâtsâ (éèöèà) [pronouncd yaw-tzawh] to caus to go out, to lad out, to bring out, to carry out, to draw out, to tak out; [of mony:] to put forth, to lay out, to xact; to promulgat; to produc rd 3 prson masculin singular, Hiphil imprfct nd with th 2 prson masculin singular suffix Strong's #3318 BDB #422 h b (áìà) [pronouncd b ] in, into, at, by, nar, on, with, bfor, against, by mans of, among, within a prposition of proximity No Strong s # BDB #88 pânîym (ôìèðäéí) [pronouncd paw- NEEM] fac, facs countnanc; prsnc masculin plural noun (plural acts lik English singular); with th 3 rd prson masculin singular suffix Strong s #6440 BDB #815 No maning has bn assignd to this combination yt. This might b undrstood to man with His prsnc. h b (áìà) [pronouncd b ] in, into, at, by, nar, on, with, bfor, against, by mans of, among, within a prposition of proximity No Strong s # BDB #88 kôwach (ëìåéçç) [pronouncd KOE-ahkh]; and splld kôach (ëìéçç) [pronouncd KOE-ahkh] strngth, powr, ability; produc; substanc, richs, walth [of soil] masculin singular substantiv with th 3 rd prson masculin singular suffix Strong s #3581 BDB #470 gâdôwl (âìèãåéì) [pronouncd gaw-dohl] larg, grat or mighty [in powr, nobility, walth; in numbr, or magnitud and xtnt], loud; ldr, oldr, important, distinguishd; vast, unyilding, immutabl, significant, astonishing masculin singular adjctiv with th dfinit articl Strong s #1419 BDB #152 min (îäï) [pronouncd mihn] from, off, out from, out of, away from, on account of, sinc, than, mor than prposition of sparation Strong's #4480 BDB #577 Mits rayim (îäöàøçéäí) [pronouncd mits-rahyim] doubl straights; translitratd Mizraim; also Egypt, Egyptians propr noun; pausal form Strong s #4714 BDB #595 Translation:...and [thrfor] brings you out from Egypt with His prsnc [and] with His grat powr,... Th Jws wr tratd trribly in Egypt, and God was thr prsonally, working through Moss, rvaling His grat powr.

322 Dutronomy Chaptr Dr. Thomas Constabl: Isral was not to miss th point (Dutronomy 4:35). Th articulation of God's motivation in His grat rdmptiv and saving acts for Isral as bing His lov for thm [actually, for 205 thir fathrs] (Dutronomy 4:37) brings this mounting crscndo of argumnt to its climax. Ptr Ptt: And h also had brought His popl out of Egypt with His prsnc (manifstd) and His grat powr. And why did H do it for thm? Th answr is bcaus h lovd thir fathrs, Abraham, Isaac and Jacob. That was why H had chosn thm as th sd of thir fathrs, and brought thm out of Egypt by His prsnc and with His grat powr. And why had H don this? It was bcaus thir forfathrs wr lovd. Although prviously rvald in many ways (it was inhrnt, for xampl, in God's dscription of Isral as His firstborn - Exodus 4:22), this is th first rfrnc in Scriptur to God's lov for His own. Th patriarchs, w ar told, wr blovd by God. Th principls of lctiv lov by God (s Dutronomy 7:7-8; Dutronomy 7:13; Dutronomy 10:15; Dutronomy 23:5; Dutronomy 33:3; Dutronomy 33:12) and rsponsiv lov by His popl (s Dutronomy 5:10; Dutronomy 6:5-6; Dutronomy 7:9; Dutronomy 10:12; Dutronomy 11:1; Dutronomy 11:13; Dutronomy 11:22; Dutronomy 19:9; Dutronomy 30:6; Dutronomy 30:16; Dutronomy 30:20) ar cntral to th mssag of Dutronomy. And it is also mad clar that bcaus of that H lovs His popl (Dutronomy 7:7-8; Dutronomy 7:13; Dutronomy 10:15 (by implication); Dutronomy 23:5; Dutronomy 33:3; Dutronomy 33:12). Th whol of thir dlivranc, and of 206 th mrcis shown to thm, sinc wr manifstations of that lov. Th popl to whom Moss is spaking hav just spnt forty yars bing brought out from Egypt to whr thy ar now. Evn though this is an accomplishd fact from divin viwpoint, it is prsntd in th Hiphil (causativ) stm, imprfct tns bcaus to thm, it was a procss. "Y howah did not plac His lov on you nor did H choos you bcaus you wr mor in numbr than any of th popls; for you wr th fwst of all popls [whn H chos your fathrs]. But it was bcaus Y howah lovd you and kpt th oath which H swor to your forfathrs, Y howah [thrfor] brought you out by a mighty hand and rdmd you from th hous of slavs, from th hand of Pharaoh king of Egypt." (Dut. 7:7 8). "Tak not: havn, and th havn of havns, th arth and all that is in it blong to Y howah your God yt on your fathrs did Y howah plac His affction to lov thm; and H chos thir dscndants aftr thm you abov all popls, as [things stand] this day." (Dut. 10:14 15). Th movmnt of th Jws was miraculous, inasmuch as God gav thm a visibl prsnc that travld with thm th fir by night and th cloud by day. And H said, "My prsnc will go [with] you and I will giv you rst." (Ex. 33:14). And th Angl of His Prsnc [Jsus Christ] dlivrd thm; in His lov and in His grac, H rdmd thm; and H liftd thm and carrid thm all th days of old (Isa. 63:9b). "But Y howah, Who brought you up from th land of Egypt with grat powr and with an outstrtchd arm, Him you will far, and to Him you will bow yourslvs down, and to Him you will sacrific." (2Kings 17:36). From Dr. Thomas Constabl s commntary: "What is important to not hr is that th xodus dlivranc was prdicatd on Isral's prior lction by th Lord. It was prcisly bcaus of his lov and choic that h actd to rdm... Th xodus and vn th nsuing covnant did not mak Isral th popl of th Lord. Rathr, it was bcaus thy wr his popl by virtu of having bn dscndd from th patriarchs, th objcts of his lov and choic, that h was movd to sav thm and ntr into covnant with thm." [Not: Mrrill, Dutronomy, p S also idm, "A Thology...," pp ] "From a litrary point of viw, ths vrss ar among th most bautiful in Dutronomy. Thy ar prosaic in form, but potic in thir vocation of th marvlous acts of God." 207 [Not: Craigi, Th Book..., p. 142.]. In th contxt of this passag, th Jws hav bn thrown out of th land; and now thy ar thinking about God and thir rlationship to God From accssd May 15, From accssd May 13, From accssd May 15, 2015.

323 5647 Th Book of Dutronomy Elction is whr th sovrignty of God and th fr will of man mt. God is spaking to th popl (through Moss) in th Exodus passag. Vrss ar quotd from th ESV; capitalizd. Isral s Elction Passag Exodus 19:4-6 Dutronomy 4:37 39 Dutronomy 7:6-8 Dutronomy 10:15-19 Dutronomy 14:2 Dutronomy 26:18-19 Txt/Commntary You yourslvs hav sn what I did to th Egyptians, and how I bor you on agls' wings and brought you to Myslf. Now thrfor, if you will indd oby My voic and kp My covnant, you shall b My trasurd possssion among all popls, for all th arth is Min; and you shall b to M a kingdom of prists and a holy nation. Ths ar th words that you shall spak to th popl of Isral." By what th Isralits hav sn and hard, thy ar to know that thy ar st apart to God. And bcaus h lovd your fathrs and chos thir offspring aftr thm and brought you out of Egypt with his own prsnc, by his grat powr, driving out bfor you nations gratr and mightir than yourslvs, to bring you in, to giv you thir land for an inhritanc, as it is this day, know thrfor today, and lay it to your hart, that th LORD is God in havn abov and on th arth bnath; thr is no othr. Th ky to th lction of th Jwish popl is God s lov for Abraham. "For you ar a popl holy to th LORD your God. Th LORD your God has chosn you to b a popl for his trasurd possssion, out of all th popls who ar on th fac of th arth. It was not bcaus you wr mor in numbr than any othr popl that th LORD st his lov on you and chos you, for you wr th fwst of all popls, but it is bcaus th LORD lovs you and is kping th oath that h swor to your fathrs, that th LORD has brought you out with a mighty hand and rdmd you from th hous of slavry, from th hand of Pharaoh king of Egypt. Holy mans that ths popl ar st apart to God. Yt th LORD st his hart in lov on your fathrs and chos thir offspring aftr thm, you abov all popls, as you ar this day. Circumcis thrfor th forskin of your hart, and b no longr stubborn. For th LORD your God is God of gods and Lord of lords, th grat, th mighty, and th awsom God, who is not partial and taks no brib. H xcuts justic for th fathrlss and th widow, and lovs th sojournr, giving him food and clothing. Lov th sojournr, thrfor, for you wr sojournrs in th land of Egypt. Many tims, God s policis wr xplaind, rfrring back to God s charactr or to His lction of Isral. For you ar a popl holy to th LORD your God, and th LORD has chosn you to b a popl for His trasurd possssion, out of all th popls who ar on th fac of th arth. Th contxt is obdinc to God in such a way as to st th Isralits apart from all othr popls. And th LORD has dclard today that you ar a popl for his trasurd possssion, as h has promisd you, and that you ar to kp all His commandmnts, and that H will st you in prais and in fam and in honor high abov all nations that H has mad, and that you shall b a popl holy to th LORD your God, as H promisd." Passags suggstd by Thomas Constabl; accssd May 15, Chaptr Outlin Charts, Graphics and Short Doctrins From Dr. Thomas Constabl s commntary: "National lction dos not guarant th salvation of vry individual within th nation sinc only individual lction can do that. Nor dos national lction

324 Dutronomy Chaptr guarant th physical salvation of vry mmbr of th nation. What national lction dos guarant is that God's purpos(s) for choosing th nation will b accomplishd and that th lct nation will always surviv as a distinct ntity. It guarants th physical salvation of th nation and, in th cas of Isral, vn a national salvation. It is th national lction of Isral that is th basis of Isral's status as th Chosn Popl." [Not: Arnold G. Fruchtnbaum, "Isral and th Church," in 208 Issus in Dispnsationalism, p. 114.]. Dutronomy 4:38a Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs lâmd (ìà) [pronouncd l ] to, for, towards, in rgards to dirctional/rlational prposition No Strong s # BDB #510 yârash ( éèøç) [pronouncd yaw-rash] to giv th possssion of anything to anyon; to occupy; to xpl on from thir possssion; to dispossss, to rduc to povrty; to blot out, to dstroy Hiphil infinitiv construct Strong s #3423 BDB #439 gôwyîm (âìåééäí) [pronouncd goh-yihm] Gntils, [Gntil] nations, popl, popls, nations masculin plural noun Strong s #1471 BDB #156 Also splld gôwyîym (âåééäéí) [pronouncd goh-yeem]. gâdôwl (âìèãåéì) [pronouncd gaw-dohl] larg, grat or mighty [in powr, nobility, walth; in numbr, or magnitud and xtnt], loud; ldr, oldr, important, distinguishd; vast, unyilding, immutabl, significant, astonishing masculin plural adjctiv Strong s #1419 BDB #152 w (or v ) (åà or åì) [pronouncd wh] and, vn, thn; namly; whn; sinc, that; though; as wll as simpl wâw conjunction No Strong s # BDB #251 âtsûwm (òèöåìí) [pronouncd ìaw- ZOOM] powrful, strong, robust, mighty; numrous, grat masculin plural adjctiv: Strong s #6099 BDB #783 min (îäï) [pronouncd mihn] from, off, out from, out of, away from, on account of, sinc, than, mor than prposition of sparation nd with th 2 prson masculin singular suffix Strong's #4480 BDB #577 min (îäï) [pronouncd mihn] from, away from, out from, out of from, off, on account of, sinc, abov, than, so that not, byond, mor than prposition of sparation Strong's #4480 BDB # From accssd May 15, 2015.

325 5649 Th Book of Dutronomy Dutronomy 4:38a Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs pânîym (ôìèðäéí) [pronouncd paw- NEEM] fac, facs, countnanc; prsnc masculin plural noun (plural acts lik English singular); with th 2 nd prson masculin singular suffix Strong s #6440 BDB #815 Togthr, min + pânîym man from bfor your fac, out from bfor your fac, from on s prsnc. Howvr, togthr, thy can also b a rfrnc to th caus, whthr nar or rmot, and can thrfor b rndrd bcaus of, bcaus that; by. Translation:...to dispossss [othr] nations gratr and strongr than you from bfor you,... And onc th Jws had lft Egypt, God would hlp thm. Th nations which had sttld in Canaan wr much strongr than th popl of Isral, yt God would giv thm this land. Thy would dispossss thm. Dutronomy 4:38b Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs lâmd (ìà) [pronouncd l ] to, for, towards, in rgards to dirctional/rlational prposition No Strong s # BDB #510 bôw (áìåéà) [pronouncd boh] to tak in, to bring [nar, against, upon], to com in with, to carry, to caus to com [in], to gathr, to bring to pass Hiphil infinitiv construct nd with th 2 prson masculin singular suffix Strong s #935 BDB #97 Translation:...to bring you in [to th land of Canaan],... God would bring th Jws into th Land of Promis. This rprsnts God s scond attmpt to do so. Th Isralits wr unwilling bfor. All of this dscribs what is going on in th mind of th xild Jw, who is thinking about his history and his rlationship to God. Dutronomy 4:38c Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs lâmd (ìà) [pronouncd l ] to, for, towards, in rgards to dirctional/rlational prposition No Strong s # BDB #510 nâthan (ðèúçï) [pronouncd naw-thahn] to giv, to grant, to plac, to put, to st; to mak Qal infinitiv construct Strong's #5414 BDB #678 lâmd (ìà) [pronouncd l ] to, for, towards, in rgards to dirctional/rlational prposition with th 2 nd prson masculin singular suffix No Strong s # BDB #510

326 Dutronomy Chaptr Dutronomy 4:38c Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs êth (àæç) [pronouncd ayth] Indicats nxt word is th objct of th vrb; somtims translatd to untranslatd mark of a dirct objct Strong's #853 BDB #84 rts (àæøæõ) [pronouncd EH-rts] arth (all or a portion throf), land, trritory, country, continnt; ground, soil; undr th ground [Shol] fminin singular noun rd with th 3 prson masculin plural suffix Strong's #776 BDB #75 nachãlâh (ðççâìèä) [pronouncd nah-khuh- LAW] inhritanc, possssion, proprty, hritag fminin singular noun Strong s #5159 BDB #635 kaph or k (ëìà) [pronouncd k ] lik, as, according to; about, approximatly prposition No Strong s # BDB #453 yôwm (éåéí) [pronouncd yohm] day; tim; today (with a dfinit articl) masculin singular noun with th dfinit articl Strong s #3117 BDB #398 zh (ææä) [pronouncd zh] hr, this, this on; thus; possibly anothr masculin singular dmonstrativ adjctiv with a dfinit articl Strong s #2088, 2090 (& 2063) BDB #260 Translation:...[and] to giv you thir land [as] an inhritanc as this day. W hav two things going on simultanously: Moss is spaking about th Jws living outsid of th land du to thir apostasy; and what has to b in thir thinking in ordr to rturn to th land; but thn, right in front of Moss ar th popl that h is spaking to, who hav not vn st foot in th land yt. So, with this phras, as this day, Moss pulls th two groups togthr thos of whom h spaks prophtically and thos who ar standing right bfor him. Ptr Ptt: And that was why H would driv out from bfor thm nations gratr and mightir than thmslvs, in ordr to bring thm into th land and giv it to thm for an inhritanc as H was about to do at this tim. So all was as a rsult of His covnant lov for Abraham and his sons, and his dscndants. That was why vn thir sins would not finally chang His purposs. Rathr if ncssary H would us tribulation and suffring in ordr to fulfil His purposs. But His lov would not fail. And it was through that lov that H would finally sav a multitud of Jws through th ministry of His Son, so that thy bcam th foundation of His work throughout th world in bringing many sons to glory 209 (Hbrws 2:10). God will giv th land of ths othr nations to th Isralits as thir inhritanc. Alrady, as Moss has just talkd about, th Jws hav takn a hug amount of land from Og and Sihon. Psalm 105:6 11 O offspring of Abraham, his srvant, childrn of Jacob, his chosn ons! H is th LORD our God; His judgmnts ar in all th arth. H rmmbrs His covnant forvr, th word that H commandd, for a thousand gnrations, th covnant that H mad with Abraham, his sworn promis to Isaac, which H confirmd to Jacob as a statut, to Isral as an vrlasting covnant, saying, "To you I will giv th land of Canaan as your portion for an inhritanc." (ESV; capitalizd) Isaiah 41:8 10 But you, Isral, My srvant, Jacob, whom I hav chosn, th offspring of Abraham, My frind; you whom I took from th nds of th arth, and calld from its farthst cornrs, saying to you, "You ar My srvant, 209 From accssd May 13, 2015.

327 5651 Th Book of Dutronomy I hav chosn you and not cast you off"; far not, for I am with you; b not dismayd, for I am your God; I will strngthn you, I will hlp you, I will uphold you with my rightous right hand. (ESV; capitalizd) Throughout history, both in th Ag of Isral and in th Church Ag, crtain nations hav functiond as nations undr God; for which R. B. Thim, Jr. coind th trm, clint nations to God. Thr ar many parallls btwn ancint Isral and th Unitd Stats. Much of what Moss says in this chaptr is applicabl to th Unitd Stats. Two Nations Undr God (Isral and th Unitd Stats) Isral God took th popl for th nation of Isral out of anothr nation, and, by signs and wondrs, ld thm to th Land of Promis. God s guiding hand was obvious, both whn thy wr in Egypt and in th dsrt wildrnss. God st up a form of govrnmnt suitabl for nation Isral, th only tru thocracy in human history. Th taching of Bibl doctrin was mandatd by God on this and many othr occasions. All nations and all popls who sought an allianc and frindship with Isral wr brought into pac with Isral s God. Isral, in its history, has dfatd som of th gratst nations in human history. From Abraham s amazing victory ovr th kings of th ast; to Egypt; to God s dstruction of Assyria God s protction of His popl has bn clar. Ths dfats of nations much gratr than Isral litrally changd ancint world maps. Isral was subjct to divin disciplin. Isral was not givn continuous, unintrruptd tim in th land. It has bn rmovd svral tims undr th th principl of th 5 Stag of National Disciplin. Th ky to Isral rmaining in th land is positiv volition toward God s Word. Unitd Stats God took many groups of popls from many nations (but mostly from Grat Britain) and rsttld thm in th Unitd Stats. I bliv God s guiding hand is also obvious, but only to a blivr who knows God, Bibl doctrin and history. God, through man, st up a systm of laws, intndd to allow for th maximum frdom of man and, at th sam tim, rquir th maximum rsponsibility from its citizns. Th taching of Bibl doctrin has bn inhrnt in th history of th Unitd Stats. Public ducation and various social movmnts hav attmptd to minimiz th taching of God s Word and its ffct. W hav popls from all ovr th world wanting to liv in th Unitd Stats. Many of ths popl hav adoptd th faith of th fathrs of this nation, bringing thm into pac with our God. Th Unitd Stats has also dfatd som of th gratst nations in human history. In WWII, th Grmans and th Japans would not hav bn dfatd apart from th Unitd Stats. Th cold war dfat of th U.S.S.R. is on of th most amazing vnts in all of human history. Nations which th Unitd Stats has dfatd has litrally changd modrn history maps. Th Unitd Stats is subjct to God s disciplin. As w mov furthr and furthr away from our God, problms for this nation scalat. Th Unitd Stats is not guarantd continuous and unintrruptd pac in our land. At this point in tim, it appars that w ar hading for a grat fall. Th ky to our pac in our land is positiv volition toward God s Word.

328 Dutronomy Chaptr This sam chart could hav bn st up with Grat Britain at th hight of th British Empir, whr it is clar that tiny island was blssd and prosprd by God. Th primary diffrnc is, th signs and wondrs that God prformd for Isral wr dramatic, miraculous and unmistakabl as a dmonstration of His powr. Although an argumnt could b mad that vnts lading up to th founding of this country wr similar, th big diffrnc is Moss. Moss cam bfor Pharaoh and bfor th popl and said, Thus says th LORD! And thn God would turn th watr into blood or infst th nation with frogs. Th powr usd by God in rlationship to th Unitd Stats was mor subtl. Chaptr Outlin Charts, Graphics and Short Doctrins And, just in cas th Isralits standing bfor Moss gt too full of thmslvs, Moss will tll thm: "Har, O Isral: you ar to cross ovr th Jordan today, to go in to dispossss nations gratr and mightir than yourslvs, citis grat and fortifid up to havn, a popl grat and tall, th sons of th Anakim, whom you know, and of whom you hav hard it said, 'Who can stand bfor th sons of Anak?' Know thrfor today that H Who gos ovr bfor you as a consuming fir is th LORD your God. H will dstroy thm and subdu thm bfor you. So you shall driv thm out and mak thm prish quickly, as th LORD has promisd you. "Do not say in your hart, aftr th LORD your God has thrust thm out bfor you, 'It is bcaus of my rightousnss that th LORD has brought m in to possss this land,' whras it is bcaus of th wickdnss of ths nations that th LORD is driving thm out bfor you. Not bcaus of your rightousnss or th uprightnss of your hart ar you going in to possss thir land, but bcaus of th wickdnss of ths nations th LORD your God is driving thm out from bfor you, and that H may confirm th word that th LORD swor to your fathrs, to Abraham, to Isaac, and to Jacob. "Know, thrfor, that th LORD your God is not giving you this good land to possss bcaus of your rightousnss, for you ar a stubborn popl. Rmmbr and do not forgt how you provokd th LORD your God to wrath in th wildrnss. From th day you cam out of th land of Egypt until you cam to this plac, you hav bn rbllious against th LORD. (Dut. 9:1 7; ESV; capitalizd) Th popls dwlling in th land givn to Isral wr groups of highly dgnrat popl who would act as a cancr upon socity. God rmovs such cancrous groups so that His Word will b fr to b taught and fr to tak root. Prhaps this should hav bn brokn up hr? Som translations run ths vrss togthr. Dutronomy 4:39a Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs w (or v ) (åà or åì) [pronouncd wh] and, vn, thn; namly; whn; sinc, that; though; as wll as simpl wâw conjunction No Strong s # BDB #251 yâda (éèãçò) [pronouncd yaw-dahì] to know, to prciv, to acquir knowldg, to bcom acquaintd with, to know by xprinc, to hav a knowldg of somthing; to s; to larn; to rcogniz [admit, acknowldg, confss] nd 2 prson masculin singular, Qal prfct Strong s #3045 BDB #393 yôwm (éåéí) [pronouncd yohm] day; tim; today (with a dfinit articl) masculin singular noun with th dfinit articl Strong s #3117 BDB #398 w (or v ) (åà or åì) [pronouncd wh] and, vn, thn; namly; whn; sinc, that; though; as wll as simpl wâw conjunction No Strong s # BDB #251

329 5653 Th Book of Dutronomy Dutronomy 4:39a Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs shûwb (ùåìá) b [pronouncd shoo v] to caus to rturn, to bring, to b causd to turn back mntally, rminisc, to rturn somthing, to rstor, to bring back, to snd back, to rgain, to rcovr, to mak rstitution, rconsidr, think again, to b causd to rturn nd 2 prson masculin singular, Hiphil prfct Strong's #7725 BDB #996 l (àæì) [pronouncd hl] unto; into, among, in; toward, to; against; concrning, rgarding; bsids, togthr with; as to dirctional prposition (rspct or dfrnc may b implid) Strong's #413 BDB #39 lêbab (ìåáçá) [pronouncd V lay-bahb ] mind, innr man, innr bing, hart masculin singular noun nd with a 2 prson masculin singular suffix Strong s #3824 BDB #523 kîy (ëìäé) [pronouncd k] for, that, bcaus; whn, at that tim, which, what tim xplanatory or tmporal conjunction; prposition Strong's #3588 BDB #471 YHWH (éäåä) [pronunciation is possibly yhoh-wah] translitratd variously as Jhovah, Yahwh, Y howah propr noun Strong s #3068 BDB #217 hûw (äåìà) [pronouncd hoo] h, it; himslf as a dmonstrativ pronoun: that, this (on); sam rd 3 prson masculin singular, prsonal pronoun; somtims th vrb to b, is implid Strong s #1931 BDB #214 Ìlôhîym (àìéääéí) [pronouncd l-o-heem] God; gods, forign gods, god; rulrs, judgs; suprhuman ons, angls; translitratd Elohim masculin plural noun with th dfinit articl Strong's #430 BDB #43 Translation: And you know today and you will mak [this doctrin] rturn to your thinking: that Y howah, H [is] Elohim,... This is what nds to b in th thinking of th Isralits basd upon what thy hav sn and hard, thy must know that Y howah is God; H is th On Who cratd vrything. H is both th God of Isral and th God of th Univrs. Again, this mntal attitud is for th many gnrations of Isralits who will liv outsid of th Land of Promis, placd thr undr disciplin; and this is th mntal attitud for thos mn who stand bfor Moss at this tim. Most translations rndr th first two vrbs in th vrs as imprativs; howvr, thy ar both in th prfct (compltd) tns. Howvr, to giv you a tast of what othrs hav rndrd: Th Amplifid Bibl Th Emphasizd Bibl KJV NASB NIV "Know, rcogniz and undrstand thrfor this day, and turn your [mind and] hart to it... So thn thou must considr to-day, and bring it back to thy hart... Know thrfor this day, and considr it in thin hart... "Know thrfor today, and tak it to your hart..." Acknowldg and tak to hart this day...

330 Dutronomy Chaptr NRSV Own's Translation Young's Lit. Translation So acknowldg today and tak to hart... Know thrfor this day and lay it to your hart... 'And thou hast known to-day, and has turnd it back unto thy hart... Possibly thr is an idiom hr rfrring to coming to a point of undrstanding or knowldg basd upon ruminating and thinking and turning this mattr ovr in on's mind as Moss spaks. In a rviw of all of th information which Moss has prsntd, information which thy hav confirmd with thir own ys, th Isralits raliz that thr is no on lik God in all th arth, abov or blow. Dutronomy 4:39b Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs h b (áìà) [pronouncd b ] in, into, at, by, nar, on, with, bfor, against, by mans of, among, within a prposition of proximity No Strong s # BDB #88 shâmayîm (ùèîçéäí) [pronouncd shaw-mahyim] havn, havns, skis; th visibl havns, as in as abod of th stars or as th visibl univrs, th sky, atmosphr, tc.; Havn (as th abod of God) masculin dual noun with th dfinit articl Strong s #8064 BDB #1029 min (îäï) [pronouncd mihn] from, away from, out from, out of from, off, on account of, sinc, abov, than, so that not, byond, mor than prposition of sparation Strong's #4480 BDB #577 ma al (îçòçì) [pronouncd MAH-ìahl] highr, highr part, abov, upon, forward prposition Strong s #4605 BDB #751 With th prposition, this mans from abov, abov, upon; nar, by. w (or v ) (åà or åì) [pronouncd wh] and, vn, thn; namly; whn; sinc, that; though; as wll as simpl wâw conjunction No Strong s # BDB #251 h b (áìà) [pronouncd b ] in, into, at, by, nar, on, with, bfor, against, by mans of, among, within a prposition of proximity No Strong s # BDB #88 rts (àæøæõ) [pronouncd EH-rts] arth (all or a portion throf), land, trritory, country, continnt; ground, soil; undr th ground [Shol] fminin singular noun with th dfinit articl Strong's #776 BDB #75 min (îäï) [pronouncd mihn] from, away from, out from, out of from, off, on account of, sinc, abov, than, so that not, byond, mor than prposition of sparation Strong's #4480 BDB #577 tachath (úìçççú) [pronouncd TAHkhahth] undrnath, blow, undr, bnath; instad of, in liu of; in th plac [in which on stands]; in xchang for; on th basis of prposition Strong s #8478 BDB #1065

331 5655 Th Book of Dutronomy Dutronomy 4:39b Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs Min + tachath togthr man blow, bnath, from undr, from bnath and it is usd of thos that wr undr anything and cam out from thr. Translation:...[both] in th havns abov and on th arth blow;... Y howah is God both in th havns abov and in th arth blow. This is anothr way of saying that God s sovrignty xtnds vrywhr. Dr. John Gill: [God] has mad both, and is th possssor and Lord of thm, and dos what h plass with thm; that th on is his thron, his dwlling plac, and th othr his footstool; and that th inhabitants of both ar his craturs, and undr his authority and command, and h can dispos of 210 thm as h plass. Dutronomy 4:39c Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs êyn (àåéï) [pronouncd ân] nothing, not, [is] not; not prsnt, not rady; xprsss nonxistnc, absnc or nonpossssion; [thr is] no [non, not on, no on, not] particl of ngation; substantiv of ngation Strong s #369 BDB #34 ôwd (òåéã) [pronouncd ìohd] still, yt, again, again and again, rpatdly, in addition to; continu, continually; mor, farthr, bsids; as yt, vn yt advrb Strong s #5750 BDB #728 Togthr, êyn (àåéï) [pronouncd ân] and ôwd (òåéã) [pronouncd ìohd] man, [thr is] no othr, [thr is] non ls. Translation:...[and thr is] no othr. Thr is no othr god; thr is only Y howah. W hav alrady sn Doctrin of th Exclusivity of th God of Isral. Dutronomy 4:39 NIV (graphic); from S. B. Aguilar; accssd May 16, th Chaptr Outlin Charts, Graphics and Short Doctrins Ptr Ptt: Thus considring all this thy should now on this vry day know and lay to hart Whom and What it rvals Yahwh to b. It rvals Him as th God of havn and arth, bsid Whom thr is no othr. It rvals that H is th grat 210 Dr. John Gill, John Gill s Exposition of th Entir Bibl; from -Sword, Dut. 4:39.

332 Dutronomy Chaptr Ovrlord of havn and arth with Whom non can compar. W hav hr a clar statmnt of monothism. John Calvin rmarks: thy must nds b wors than stupid if th majsty of God, known and 212 undrstood by so many proofs, did not awakn thm to rvrnc. I admit it. I chos this quot bcaus Calvin usd th phras wors than stupid. J. Parkr, D.D., asks th marvlous qustion: What othr rligion, thory, philosophy, grappls with 213 sin as Christianity dos? And whn somon is opposd to Christianity, what is oftn thir attack? It is on sin, th natur of sin, th concpt of sin or th dfinition of sin. Th dynamic homosxual movmnt today attacks Christianity and th Bibl in this way: I was born this way. Thrfor, committing a homosxual act cannot b a sin. As if othr blivrs and unblivrs ar not bst with a dsir to sin. Dutronomy 4:39 (graphic #2); from Bibl Scrn; accssd May 16, Chaptr Outlin Charts, Graphics and Short Doctrins vv rad: God lovd your fathrs, and thrfor, H chos you, thir dscndants. H brought you out of Egypt with His Prsnc and with His grat powr, driving out gratr and strongr nations bfor you, bringing you into th land of Canaan and giving you thir land as an inhritanc this day. Thrfor, know and plac this doctrin into your thinking: that Jhovah, H is God, both in th havns abov and on th arth blow; that thr is no othr god bsids Him. With v. 40, Moss rturns to th hr and now with his audinc. And you hav kpt His statuts and His commandmnts which I commandd you th day that H will do good to you and to your sons aftr you; and that you prolong days on th land which Y howah your Elohim is giving to you all of th days. Dutronomy 4:40 [If] you kp His statuts and His commandmnts, [thos] which I commandd you [this] day, [thn] H will do good to you and to your sons aftr you; and you will prolong [your] days in th land that Y howah your Elohim givs to you forvr. If you ar carful to kp His statuts and His commandmnts thos which I am commanding you this day, thn H will continu to do right by you and to your sons aftr you, and you will prolong your days in th land that Jhovah your God has givn to your forvr. Hr is how othrs hav translatd this vrs: Ancint txts: 211 From accssd May 13, nd John Calvin, Calvin s Commntary on th Bibl; 2 bta vrsion from -Sword, Dut. 4: From accssd May 14, 2015.

333 5657 Th Book of Dutronomy Masortic Txt (Hbrw) Targum of Onklos Latin Vulgat Pshitta (Syriac) Sptuagint (Grk) Significant diffrncs: And you hav kpt His statuts and His commandmnts which I commandd you th day that H will do good to you and to your sons aftr you; and that you prolong days on th land which Y howah your Elohim is giving to you all of th days. Thrfor obsrv His covnant, and th commandmnts which I command you this day, that H may do good to you and to your childrn aftr you, and that you may hav continuanc upon th land which th Lord your God givs you for all days. Kp his prcpts and commandmnts, which I command you: that it may b wll with you, and your childrn aftr you, and you may rmain a long tim upon th land, which th Lord your God will giv you. You must kp thrfor his statuts and his commandmnts, which I command you this day, that it may b wll with you and with your childrn aftr you, and that you may prolong your days in th land which th LORD your God givs you for vr. And kp His commandmnts and His statuts, all that I command you this day; that it may b wll with you, and with your sons aftr you, that you may b long-livd upon th arth, which th Lord your God is giving you forvr. On can intrprt H will do will to you and it will b wll with you. Limitd Vocabulary Translations: Bibl in Basic English Easy English Easy-to-Rad Vrsion Good Nws Bibl (TEV) Th Mssag NIRV Nw Simplifid Bibl Thn kp his laws and his ordrs which I giv you today, so that it may b wll for you and for your childrn aftr you, and that your livs may b long in th land which th Lord your God is giving you for vr. Oby his dcrs and his ruls that I am giving you today. If you do that, vrything will b wll for you and for your childrn aftr you. You will continu to liv in your country. Th LORD your God is giving it to you for all tim.' And you must oby his laws and commands that I giv you today. Thn vrything will go wll with you and your childrn who liv aftr you. And you will liv a long tim in th land th Lord your God is giving you it will b yours forvr! Oby all his laws that I hav givn you today, and all will go wll with you and your dscndants. You will continu to liv in th land that th LORD your God is giving you to b yours forvr." Obdintly liv by his ruls and commands which I'm giving you today so that you'll liv wll and your childrn aftr you-oh, you'll liv a long tim in th land that God, your God, is giving you. I'm giving you his ruls and commands today. Oby thm. Thn things will go wll with you and your childrn aftr you. You will liv a long tim in th land. Th Lord your God is giving you th land for all tim to com.»you must kp th rgulations and commandmnts I commandd you today. Thn all will go wll with you and with your childrn aftr you. You may prolong your days on th arth that Jhovah your God givs you for all tim.«thought-for-thought translations; paraphrass: Common English Bibl Contmporary English V. Kp th Lord's rgulations and his commandmnts. I'm commanding thm to you today for your wll-bing and for th wll-bing of your childrn aftr you, so that you may xtnd your tim on th frtil land that th Lord your God is giving you forvr. Today I am xplaining his laws and tachings. And if you always oby thm, you and your dscndants will liv long and b succssful in th land th LORD is giving you.

334 Dutronomy Chaptr Th Living Bibl Nw Lif Vrsion Nw Living Translation You must oby ths laws that I will tll you today, so that all will b wll with you and your childrn, and so that you will liv forvr in th land th Lord your God is giving you." Kp His Laws which I am giving you today. Thn it may go wll with you and your childrn aftr you. And you may liv long in th land th Lord your God is giving you for all tim." If you oby all th dcrs and commands I am giving you today, all will b wll with you and your childrn. I am giving you ths instructions so you will njoy a long lif in th land th Lord your God is giving you for all tim." Partially litral and partially paraphrasd translations: Amrican English Bibl Intrnational Standard V Nw Advnt (Knox) Bibl Translation for Translators So if you kp His Commandmnts and ruls - all that I'm giving you today - it will go wll for you and your dscndants, and you may liv on th land that Jhovah your God is giving to you for a long tim. through th ags!' May you obsrv his statuts and kp his commands that I'm giving you today, so that lif may go wll for you and for your dscndants aftr you. That way, you'll liv a long lif in th land that th LORD your God is about to giv you prmanntly [Lit. all th days]." His laws and dcrs thou must obsrv, as I hav proclaimd thm to th, if thou and thy sons aftr th ar to prospr, and hav long njoymnt of th land th Lord thy God mans to giv th. Oby all th ruls and rgulations that I am giving to you today, in ordr that things will go wll for you and for your dscndants, and that you will liv a long tim in th land that Yahwh our God is giving to you, to blong to you forvr." Mostly litral rndrings (with som occasional paraphrasing): Ancint Roots Translinar Frrar-Fnton Bibl Lxham English Bibl NIV UK You kp his dcrs, and his commandmnts which I command you today. You and your sons aftr you do-good, and thrfor you will lngthn your days ovr th proprty which Yahwh your God givs you, all th days. - So kp His institutions, and His 40 commandmnts, which I commandd you to-day, that you may prospr, and your childrn aftr you ; - and thn your days will b long upon th land which your EVER-LIVING God will giv to you for all tim. And you shall kp his ruls and his commandmnts that I am commanding you today [Litrally "th day"], so that it may go wll [Litrally "h/it is good"] for you and for your childrn [Or "dscndants"] aftr you, and so that you may rmain a long tim [Litrally "you may mak long/prolong days"] on th land that Yahwh your God is giving to you during all of thos days." Kp his dcrs and commands, which I am giving you today, so that it may go wll with you and your childrn aftr you and that you may liv long in th land th Lord your God givs you for all tim. Catholic Bibls (thos having th imprimatur): Christian Community (1988) Obsrv th laws and th commandmnts that I command you today, and vrything will b wll with you and your childrn aftr you. So you will liv long in th land which Yahwh, your God, givs you forvr. ± Th Hritag Bibl And you shall hdg about his nactmnts, and his commandmnts, what I command you this day, so that it may b wll with you, and with your childrn aftr you, and that you may prolong your days upon th arth, which Jhovah, your God, givs you all days.

335 5659 Th Book of Dutronomy Nw Amrican Bibl (2011) Nw Jrusalm Bibl Nw RSV And you must kp his statuts and commandmnts which I command you today, that you and your childrn aftr you may prospr, and that you may hav long lif on th land which th LORD, your God, is giving you forvr. Dt 6:3; 12:28. Kp his laws and commandmnts as I giv thm to you today, so that you and your childrn aftr you may prospr and liv long in th country that Yahwh your God is giving you for vr.' Kp his statuts and his commandmnts, which I am commanding you today for your own wll-bing and that of your dscndants aftr you, so that you may long rmain in th land that th Lord your God is giving you for all tim. Jwish/Hbrw Nams Bibls: Complt Jwish Bibl xgss companion Bibl JPS (Tanakh 1985) Kaplan Translation Orthodox Jwish Bibl Th Scripturs 1998 Thrfor, you ar to kp his laws and mitzvot which I am giving you today, so that it will go wll with you and with your childrn aftr you, and so that you will prolong your days in th land ADONAI your God is giving you forvr.". And guard his statuts and his misvoth, which I misvah you this day, that it wll-plas you and your sons aftr you and that you prolong your days on th soil, which Yah Vh your Elohim givs you for all days. Obsrv His laws and commandmnts, which I njoin upon you this day, that it may go wll with you and your childrn aftr you, and that you may long rmain in th land that th Lord your God is assigning to you for all tim. Kp His dcrs and commandmnts that I am prsnting to you today, so that H will b good to you and your childrn aftr you. Thn you will ndur for a long tim in th land that God your Lord is giving you for all tim. Thou shalt b shomr ovr His chukkim, thrfor, and His mitzvot, which I command th today, that it may go wll with th, and with thy banim aftr th, and that thou mayst prolong thy yamim upon Ha'Artz, which Hashm Elohicha givth th, kol hayamim. And you shall guard His laws and His commands which I command you today, so that it is wll with you and with your childrn aftr you, and so that you prolong your days on th soil which éäåä your Elohim is giving you for all tim. Expandd/Embllishd Bibls: Th Expandd Bibl Th Gnva Bibl Krtzmann s Commntary Oby his laws [statuts; ordinancs; rquirmnts] and commands that I am giving you today so that things will go wll for you and your childrn. Thn you will liv a long tim in th land that th Lord your God is giving to you forvr. Thou shalt kp thrfor his ordinancs, and his commandmnts which I command th this day, that it may [God promisth rward not for our mrits, but to ncourag us, and to assur us that our labor shall not b lost. ] go wll with th, and with thy childrn aftr th, and that thou mayst prolong thy days upon th arth, which th LORD thy God givth th forvr.. Thou shalt kp, thrfor, His statuts and His commandmnts which I command th this day, both thos prtaining to thm, concrning thm, as mn, and thos having rfrnc to thm as th covnant popl, that it may go wll with th, sinc thy would hav Jhovah on thir sid, and with thy childrn aftr th, and that thou mayst prolong thy days upon th arth which th Lord, thy God, givth th, forvr; for a long and happy lif, accompanid by th goodnss of th Lord, is a blssing. W Christians also know th prcpts of th Lord's holy will and should liv in accordanc with thm. If w ar always mindful of th fact that God has rdmd us from th kingdom of darknss and translatd us into th kingdom

336 Dutronomy Chaptr NET Bibl Th Voic of His dar Son, w shall also b rady to srv Him in tru obdinc, to do according to His commandmnts. Kp his statuts and commandmnts that I am stting forth [Hb "commanding" (so NRSV).] today so that it may go wll with you and your dscndants and that you may njoy longvity in th land that th Lord your God is about to giv you as a prmannt possssion. If you rmmbr His ruls and kp His commands, which I'm taching you today, things will go wll for you and for your childrn aftr you. You'll liv a long tim on th ground th Etrnal your God is giving you. H wants you to hav it forvr. Litral, almost word-for-word, rndrings: Concordant Litral Vrsion Contxt Group Vrsion English Standard Vrsion Grn s Litral Translation God s Truth (Tyndal) NASB Nw Europan Vrsion Young s Updatd LT Th gist of this vrs: Hnc you will obsrv His statuts and His instructions which I am njoining on you today, that it may b wll with you and your sons aftr you, and that you may prolong your days on th ground that Yahwh your Elohim is giving to you, all th days. And you shall kp his statuts, and his commandmnts, which I command you this day, that it may go wll with you, and with your sons aftr you, and that you may prolong your days in th land { or arth }, which YHWH your God givs you, forvr. Thrfor you shall kp his statuts and his commandmnts, which I command you today, that it may go wll with you and with your childrn aftr you, and that you may prolong your days in th land that th LORD your God is giving you for all tim." And you shall kp His statuts and His commandmnts which I am commanding you today, so that it may b wll with you, and with your sons aftr you, and so that you may prolong your days on th arth, which Jhovah our God is giving to you all th days....kp thrfor his ordinancs, and his commandmnts which I command you this day, that it may go wll with you and with your childrn aftr you and that you may prolong your days upon th arth which th Lord your God givs you your lif long. So you shall kp His statuts and His commandmnts which I am [l]giving you today, that it may go wll with you and with your childrn aftr you, and that you may liv long [Lit prolong your days] on th land which th Lord your God is giving you for all tim." You must kp His statuts and His commandmnts which I command you this day, that it may go wll with you and with your childrn aftr you, and that you may prolong your days in th land which Yahwh your God givs you forvr. And you hav kpt His statuts and His commands which I am commanding you today, so that it is wll to you, and to your sons aftr you, and so that you prolong days on th ground which Jhovah your God is giving to you all th days. Moss concluds this sction by admonishing his harrs to prsrv and oby his commands and statuts, that thy may liv long in th land givn thm by God. This is a conclusion which Moss draws, which will complt his first srmon to th Jws, ast of th Jordan Rivr. Dutronomy 4:40a Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs w (or v ) (åà or åì) [pronouncd wh] and, vn, thn; namly; whn; sinc, that; though; as wll as simpl wâw conjunction No Strong s # BDB #251

337 5661 Th Book of Dutronomy Dutronomy 4:40a Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs shâmar (ùèîçø) [pronouncd shaw-mar] to kp, to guard, to protct, to watch, to prsrv nd 2 prson masculin singular, Qal prfct Strong's #8104 BDB #1036 êth (àæç) [pronouncd ayth] Indicats nxt word is th objct of th vrb; somtims translatd to untranslatd mark of a dirct objct Strong's #853 BDB #84 chuqqîym (çë ÌÄéí) [pronouncd khook- KEEM] dcrs, thos things which ar dcrd; statuts; boundaris, dfind limitations; appointd portions of labor, tasks masculin plural noun rd with th 3 prson masculin singular suffix Strong's #2706 BDB #349 w (or v ) (åà or åì) [pronouncd wh] and, vn, thn; namly; whn; sinc, that; though; as wll as simpl wâw conjunction No Strong s # BDB #251 êth (àæç) [pronouncd ayth] Indicats nxt word is th objct of th vrb; somtims translatd to untranslatd mark of a dirct objct Strong's #853 BDB #84 mits ôwth (îäöåèä) [pronouncd mits - OHTH] prohibitions, prcpts, thos things which ar forbiddn, constraints, proscriptions, countrmands; commandmnts fminin plural noun with rd th 3 prson masculin singular suffix Strong s #4687 BDB #846 Translation: [If] you kp His statuts and His commandmnts,... Th ky is, th Isralits ar to larn and to oby God s statuts and commandmnts. It is ths which will guid th popl in th land and prsrv thm. Ths statuts and commandmnts both prsrv th law and ordr in a nation and thy provid a spiritual hritag for th popl of God. Gill: All his laws, moral, crmonial, and judicial, partly bing undr obligation to him for all th grat and good things don by him for thm bfor numratd, and partly and chifly bcaus h is th 214 Lord God in havn and in arth, and has a right to command and ought to b obyd. Guzik: In light of who God is, and all H did for Isral, obdinc to His commands mad prfct 215 sns. It was simply what should b don. W ar fools to disoby such a God of lov and powr. Dutronomy 4:40b Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs ãshr (àâéùæø) [pronouncd ash-er] that, which, whn, who, whom; whr rlativ pronoun Strong's #834 BDB #81 ânôkîy (àèðéëäé) [pronouncd awn-oh- KEE] I, m; (somtims a vrb is implid) st 1 prson singular prsonal pronoun Strong s #595 BDB # Dr. John Gill, John Gill s Exposition of th Entir Bibl; from -Sword, Dut. 4:40. David Guzik s Commntary on th Old Tstamnt; courtsy of -sword; 2006; Dut. 4:32 40.

338 Dutronomy Chaptr Dutronomy 4:40b Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs tsâvâh (öèåèä) [pronouncd tsaw-vaw] commanding, commissioning, mandating, appointing; ordaining; laying charg upon, giving charg to, charging, ordring; instructing [as in, giving an ordr] Pil participl with th nd 2 prson masculin singular suffix Strong's #6680 BDB #845 yôwm (éåéí) [pronouncd yohm] day; tim; today (with a dfinit articl) masculin singular noun with th dfinit articl Strong s #3117 BDB #398 Translation:...[thos] which I commandd you [this] day,... Moss is about to rmind thm of th commandmnts in this talk (that will occur in Dut. 5). Dutronomy 4:40c Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs ãshr (àâéùæø) [pronouncd ash-er] that, which, whn, who, whom; whr rlativ pronoun Strong's #834 BDB #81 yâþab (éèèçá) [pronouncd B yaw-ta V] to b good [wll, commndabl, plasing]; to do good [wll, commndably], to mak glad, to mak a thing good rd 3 prson masculin singular, Qal imprfct Strong s #3190 BDB #405 lâmd (ìà) [pronouncd l ] to, for, towards, in rgards to dirctional/rlational prposition with th 2 nd prson masculin singular suffix No Strong s # BDB #510 w (or v ) (åà or åì) [pronouncd wh] and, vn, thn; namly; whn; sinc, that; though; as wll as simpl wâw conjunction No Strong s # BDB #251 lâmd (ìà) [pronouncd l ] to, for, towards, in rgards to dirctional/rlational prposition No Strong s # BDB #510 bânîym (áìèðäéí) [pronouncd baw- NEEM] sons, dscndants; childrn; popl; somtims rndrd mn masculin plural noun nd with th 2 prson masculin singular suffix Strong s #1121 BDB #119 achãrêy (àççâøåé) [pronouncd ah-kuh- RAY] bhind, aftr; following; aftr that, aftrwards; hindr parts prposition; plural form nd with th 2 prson masculin singular suffix Strong s #310 BDB #29 Translation:...[thn] H will do good to you and to your sons aftr you;... If th Jws hold fast to God s laws and commands, thn God will do right by thm and by thir childrn. Application: Th only rason that th Unitd Stats is so blssd today, dspit thir bing potntial troubl throughout th world, is an vanglist namd Billy Graham wnt throughout th Unitd Stats giving th gospl of Jsus Christ, and ths mtings wr broadcast on ntwork tlvision, prim tim, and popl hard and

339 5663 Th Book of Dutronomy rspondd to th gospl. Also during that tim, a strong doctrinal movmnt aros a movmnt which mphasizd th accurat, catgorical taching of th Word of God. Bcaus of ths things, th Unitd Stats has njoyd grat blssing. Dutronomy 4:40d Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs w (or v ) (åà or åì) [pronouncd wh] and, vn, thn; namly; whn; sinc, that; though; as wll as simpl wâw conjunction No Strong s # BDB #251 l ma an (ìàîçòçï) [pronouncd l -MAH- ìahn] for th sak of, on account of, to th intnt of, to th intnt that, to th purpos that, in ordr that, in viw of, to th nd that; so that compound prposition and substantiv which acts lik a prposition Strong s #4616 BDB #775 This is th substantiv ma an (îçòçï) [pronouncd MAH-ìahn], which mans purpos, intnt, combind with th lâmd prposition (which is th only way that it is found in Scriptur). From th NET Bibl footnot for Psalm 51:4: Th Hbrw trm l ma an (ìàîçòçï) [pronouncd l -MAH-ìahn] normally indicats purpos ("in ordr that"), but hr it introducs a logical consqunc of th prcding statmnt. (Taking th claus as indicating purpos hr would yild a thologically prpostrous ida - th psalmist purposly sinnd so that God's justic might b vindicatd!) For othr xampls of l ma an (ìàîçòçï) [pronouncd l -MAH-ìahn] indicating rsult, s 2 Kings 22:17 Jr 27:15 Amos 2:7. ârak ( àèøç) [pronouncd aw-rahk] to prolong [days]; to mak [tnt cords] long; to grow long, to continu long, to liv long rd 3 prson masculin singular, Hiphil imprfct Strong s #748 BDB #73 yâmîym (éèîäéí) [pronouncd yaw- MEEM] days, a st of days; tim of lif, liftim; a spcific tim priod, a yar masculin plural noun Strong s #3117 BDB #398 al (òçì) [pronouncd ìahl] upon, byond, on, against, abov, ovr, by, bsid prposition of proximity Strong s #5920, #5921 BDB #752 rts (àæøæõ) [pronouncd EH-rts] arth (all or a portion throf), land, trritory, country, continnt; ground, soil; undr th ground [Shol] fminin singular noun with th dfinit articl Strong's #776 BDB #75 Translation:...and you will prolong [your] days in th land... Bcaus God will do right by thm, th Jws will prolong thir days in th land. Thy will liv long in th land (which suggsts that, at som point, thy will b displacd from th land of Canaan). Howvr, what Moss concluds hr is, prsrv and oby th laws of God, and thy will rmain in th land for a vry long tim. Thy can disrgard all of thos warnings that Moss gav thm, bcaus obdinc to God s law mans His guidanc and protction in this land.

340 Dutronomy Chaptr Dutronomy 4:40 Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs ãshr (àâéùæø) [pronouncd ash-er] that, which, whn, who, whom; whr rlativ pronoun Strong's #834 BDB #81 YHWH (éäåä) [pronunciation is possibly yhoh-wah] translitratd variously as Jhovah, Yahwh, Y howah propr noun Strong s #3068 BDB #217 Ìlôhîym (àìéääéí) [pronouncd l-o-heem] God; gods, forign gods, god; rulrs, judgs; suprhuman ons, angls; translitratd Elohim masculin plural noun nd with th 2 prson masculin plural suffix Strong's #430 BDB #43 nâthan (ðèúçï) [pronouncd naw-thahn] is giving, granting, is placing, putting, stting; is making Qal activ participl Strong's #5414 BDB #678 lâmd (ìà) [pronouncd l ] to, for, towards, in rgards to dirctional/rlational prposition with th 2 nd prson masculin singular suffix No Strong s # BDB #510 kôl (ëìéì) [pronouncd kohl] with a plural noun, it is rndrd all of; any of masculin singular construct with a masculin plural noun Strong s #3605 BDB #481 yâmîym (éèîäéí) [pronouncd yaw- MEEM] days, tim of lif, liftim; a spcific tim priod, a yar masculin plural noun with th dfinit articl Strong s #3117 BDB #398 Togthr, kôl + yâmîym ar litrally rndrd all th days; togthr, thy can also man in all tim, all th tim, prptually, forvr, always; hncforth, from hron in. Translation:...that Y howah your Elohim givs to you forvr. This is th land which God givs to th Jws forvr. It is a corrupt thology that tachs that w in th Church Ag ar somhow th rcipints of th blssing God promisd to Isral. W ar rcipints of grat blssing, but w ar not rcipints of th land of Canaan. That blongs to Isral forvr. Gill: Although thy hav had svral intrruptions by thir captivitis, and spcially by thir prsnt vry long on, yt whn thy shall rturn and sk th Lord thir God, and David thir king, thy shall 216 hav thir land rstord to thm again, and shall nvr mor b dispossssd of it. Ptr Ptt: Knowing this thn thy must kp His statuts and His commandmnts which thy hav rcivd from Moss, and which h, Moss, now commands thm, in ordr that it might go wll with thm and with thir childrn aftr thm, and so that thy may prolong thir days in th land which Yahwh thir God has givn thm into th distant futur. Ptt continus: And hr h finishs his words at this tim, laving thm to pondr on what h has said. But th situation has bn mad clar. Th grat God, Yahwh, has amazingly rvald Himslf and has dlivrd thm and has dtrmind to giv thm this land bcaus of His promiss to thir forfathrs, and bcaus thy hav rspondd to His covnant, and whil thy continu to rspond 216 Dr. John Gill, John Gill s Exposition of th Entir Bibl; from -Sword, Dut. 4:40 (slightly ditd).

341 5665 Th Book of Dutronomy to that covnant and oby His commandmnts and statuts all will go wll. But if thy turn to sin and idolatry, thn this land will no longr hold thm, for it is God's holy land and is not availabl in th long trm for th us of such sinnrs. Thy will b turnd out from it until thy can rturn to it again purifid and rstord. But that that rstoration would happn was also sur. Bcaus it would b th rsult of His faithful promiss mad to thir forfathrs. Ptr Ptt concluds: If what had happnd to Isral was wondrful, how much mor wondrful is what has happnd to thos who ar His. What othr popls hav had th Son of God di for thm, so that for His sak thy ar blssd? And w can thrfor hav th confidnc that H will do good to us far byond our dsrving, as w rspond in lov and obdinc to Him. And in viw of this, if w do not trust Him and oby Him how can w possibly spak of knowing Him? 217 Dr. Thomas Constabl: This whol addrss by Moss (Dutronomy 1:6 to Dutronomy 4:40), and spcially th xhortation to obsrv th Law faithfully (Dutronomy 4:1-40), is on of th gratst rvlations of God's charactr in th Old Tstamnt. Th addrss builds to a climax, as vry grat srmon dos. Th total imprssion God and Moss intndd must hav bn aw and humbl 218 gratitud in th harts of th Isralits. From Dr. Thomas Constabl s commntary: "On of th principal mans by which God has rvald Himslf is in historical vnt, that is, by acts th community of faith could rcogniz as divin. [Not: G. Ernst Wright and Rginald H. Fullr, Th Book of th Acts of God, pp ] To Isral on th plains of Moab, ths acts mad up th constllation of mighty dds Yahwh had displayd bfor thm and on thir bhalf from th days of th patriarchs to thir prsnt hour. It was on th basis of such historical intrvntions, in fact, that Yahwh's claim as Sovrign could b mad. "Elswhr in th Old Tstamnt th foundational act of God is cration itslf, but hr th mattr is lss cosmic; th focus of Dutronomy is not on God's univrsal concrns but on His spcial purposs for His 219 popl." [Not: Mrrill, "A Thology...," p. 63.]. Dr. Thomas Constabl: Th bst way to motivat popl to oby God is to xpound His charactr and conduct, as Moss did hr. Not too that Moss appald to th slf-intrst of th Isralits: "... that it may go wll with you and with your childrn aftr you, and that you may liv long on th land..." (Dutronomy 4:40; cf. Dutronomy 5:16; Dutronomy 6:3; Dutronomy 6:18; Dutronomy 12:25; Dutronomy 12:28; Dutronomy 19:13; Dutronomy 22:7; Provrbs 3:1-2; Provrbs 3:16; 220 Provrbs 10:27). This is th conclusion to th first mssag givn by Moss, which bgan in Dut. 1:6. Hr is how this mssag is organizd ovrall. Dutronomy Summary: Th Topics Covrd in Moss' First Srmon 1:6 11 God lads th Isralits and sts th land bfor thm. 1:12 17 God organizs Isral. 1:18 25 God commands thm to tak th land; th sons of Isral organiz a rconnaissanc mission. 1:26 33 Th Isralits fail misrably by rfusing to ntr into th land. 1:34 40 God pronouncs judgmnt upon thm (and Moss) From accssd May 13, From accssd May 15, From accssd May 15, From accssd May 15, 2015.

342 Dutronomy Chaptr Dutronomy Summary: Th Topics Covrd in Moss' First Srmon 1:41 46 Apart from God, th sons of Isral charg into th land and ar soundly dfatd. 2:1 23 God lads th Isralits ast of th land, pointing out objct lssons as thy occur. 2:24 3:11 3:12 20 God lads th Isralits in battl and thy dfat Sihon th Amorit, king of Hshbon and thy dfat Og, th last of th giants, th king of Bashan. Th land ast of th Jordan is givn to Rubn, Gad and a portion of th trib of Manassh with th undrstanding that thy will assist in th taking of th rst of th land. 3:21 29 Moss, bcaus of his failur, appoints a nw commandr of th Israli forcs. 4:1 40 In viw of what has transpird and th things which th Isralits hav sn (svral actual historical vnts ar rfrncd), thy ar ncouragd to kp th commandmnts of God. Chaptr Outlin Charts, Graphics and Short Doctrins Ptt: Th first mini-covnant within th ovrall total covnant is now compltd by th nd of Moss' first spch. Th basis has bn laid down for what is to com. Th prambl and historical background to th covnant has bn laid out. Ptr Ptt s Summary of Dutronomy 1:6 4:40 1) Yahwh had built up and stablishd Isral as a nation prparatory to thm ntring th land, but thy had faild to oby Him and wr thus xplld from th land (Dutronomy 1:6-46). 2) But H had forgivn th offnc of Isral and had thn, onc th gnration that had sinnd had did, ld th nxt gnration through Edom, Moab and Ammon whr thy wr abl to witnss nations to whom Yahwh had givn thir own land and who had bn abl to dfat th quivalnt of th Anakim whil possssing it (Dutronomy 2:1-23), proof of what Yahwh could do. 3) H had thn dfatd th Amorits undr Sihon and Og, handing thir land and all thir possssions ovr to Isral (Dutronomy 2:24 to Dutronomy 3:17). Again proof of what Yahwh could do. 4) Thus th two bugbars which had rsultd in th original dfat, th Anakim and th Amorits wr alrady dmonstratd to b dfatabl, and thr was hr both warning and guarant of succss. This thn rsultd in th command to th soldirs of th two and a half tribs which had sttld on th astrn sid of th Jordan to go forward with thir brothrs to claim th whol land (Dutronomy 3:18-20), and th command to Joshua to go forward without far, along with th confirmation of Moss' xclusion from th land for disobdinc (Dutronomy 3:21-29). 5) At this point thy wr rmindd of th grat rvlation that thy had rcivd at Mount Sinai in Horb and xhortd, with warnings, to obdinc to His commandmnts (Dutronomy 4:1-40), for it was on thir rspons to His covnant that all would dpnd. Yahwh could not blss a disobdint popl. From accssd May 13, Chaptr Outlin Charts, Graphics and Short Doctrins Notic that th topics covrd by Moss ar gnrally in chronological ordr, with th vry notabl xcption of his own failur, which h mntions twic th first tim out of chronological ordr. This last chaptr was a rcap of what th Isralits should oby God, with various rasons pointd out to support that. V. 40 is th grand conclusion to th last svral chaptrs: "And you will kp His statuts and His commandmnts which I am commanding you today, so that it will b wll to you, and to your sons aftr you, and so that you will prolong days on th land which Y howah your God is giving to you forvr." On of th many promiss found in th Bibl is th xtnsion of on's lif whn thy xhibit positiv volition toward God's Word and obdinc to sam. God uss blivrs for many diffrnt things, including to ambush othr blivrs; howvr, thos who H can us th most ar thos who's souls ar filld with doctrin. "But you will not worship thir gods nor will you srv thm, nor will

343 5667 Th Book of Dutronomy you do according to thir dds; but you will uttrly ovrthrow thm, and brak thir pillars in pics. And you will srv Y howah your God and H will blss your brad and your watr; and I will rmov sicknss form your midst." (Ex. 23:24 25). "You will walk in all th way which Y howah your God has commandd you, that you may liv, and that it may b wll with you, and that you may prolong [your] days in th land which you will posss." (Dut. 5:33). "For it [God's Word] is not an idl word for you; indd, it is your lif. And by this word, you will prolong your days in th land which you ar about to cross th Jordan to posss." (Dut. 32:47). Th Jw prolongd thir individual livs through obdinc to th Word; and thy prolongd th amount of tim that thy would rmain in th land as a nation through that sam obdinc. Notic spcifically th mssag of just this particular chaptr. Moss spaks of th far of Y howah in vv ; h forbids all typs of idolatry in vv ; h points out th uniqu rlationship btwn God and Isral (vv ), giving Isral good rason to far God (s vv. 24, 26, 36), yt is dtrmind to nd on a not of hop, grac and promis (vv ). Howvr, throughout this ntir mssag, on would b blind to miss th continual punctuation of th commands to larn and oby God's laws (vv. 1 2, 5 6, 8 9, 13 15, 23 24, 39 40). This complts Moss first srmon. Th popl prhaps go on a coff brak, and Moss starts up again in Dut. 5; or thy ar givn ovrnight to rst; and Moss starts taching again th nxt day. In any cas, thr is a brak at this point. This is a small road map; it can b found in gratr dtail in th Introduction to Dutronomy (HTML) (PDF) (WPD). Th Srmons of Moss in Dutronomy Srmon Srmon Information st 1 Srmon Moss introductory srmon. Dut. 1:6 4:40 nd 2 Srmon Moss long srmon. Dut. 5:1 26:19 rd 3 Srmon Moss summarizs ky points. Dut. 27:1 30:20 Chaptr Outlin Charts, Graphics and Short Doctrins Psalm 136 dscribs th mntal attitud which ought to b in th thinking of His popl. This sums up what Moss is taching his popl. Psalm 136 has bn fully xgtd. (HTML) (PDF) (WPD). God s stadfast lov is His nduring grac. Th word translatd stadfast lov throughout is chçd (çæñæã) [pronouncd KHEH-sd], which mans, grac, bnvolnc, mrcy, kindnss; stadfast lov. Strong's #2617 BDB #338. Th ESV; capitalizd translation was usd blow. Psalm 136 (with brif commntary) Scriptur Giv thanks to th LORD, for H is good, for His stadfast lov ndurs forvr. Giv thanks to th God of gods, for His stadfast lov ndurs forvr. Giv thanks to th Lord of lords, for His stadfast lov ndurs forvr; Commntary W should b abl to think and xprss gratitud to God for all H has don; w nd to trust Him that H is good.

344 Dutronomy Chaptr Psalm 136 (with brif commntary) Scriptur to Him who alon dos grat wondrs, for His stadfast lov ndurs forvr; to Him who by undrstanding mad th havns, for His stadfast lov ndurs forvr; to Him who sprad out th arth abov th watrs, for His stadfast lov ndurs forvr; to Him who mad th grat lights, for His stadfast lov ndurs forvr; th sun to rul ovr th day, for His stadfast lov ndurs forvr; th moon and stars to rul ovr th night, for His stadfast lov ndurs forvr; to Him who struck down th firstborn of Egypt, for His stadfast lov ndurs forvr; and brought Isral out from among thm, for His stadfast lov ndurs forvr; with a strong hand and an outstrtchd arm, for His stadfast lov ndurs forvr; to Him who dividd th Rd Sa in two, for His stadfast lov ndurs forvr; and mad Isral pass through th midst of it, for His stadfast lov ndurs forvr; but ovrthrw Pharaoh and his host in th Rd Sa, for His stadfast lov ndurs forvr; to Him who ld his popl through th wildrnss, for His stadfast lov ndurs forvr; to Him who struck down grat kings, for His stadfast lov ndurs forvr; and killd mighty kings, for His stadfast lov ndurs forvr; Sihon, king of th Amorits, for His stadfast lov ndurs forvr; and Og, king of Bashan, for His stadfast lov ndurs forvr; and gav thir land as a hritag, for His stadfast lov ndurs forvr; a hritag to Isral His srvant, for His stadfast lov ndurs forvr. It is H who rmmbrd us in our low stat, for His stadfast lov ndurs forvr; and rscud us from our fos, for His stadfast lov ndurs forvr; H who givs food to all flsh, for His stadfast lov ndurs forvr. Giv thanks to th God of havn, for His stadfast lov ndurs forvr. Commntary God, in th rstoration of th arth, rvals His grac. W can dpnd upon all that H has mad. W can larn to undrstand His cration, and thn dpnd upon Him to faithfully prsrv th laws which rgulat vrything. God rvals His grac in taking th popl of Isral out of Egypt. God, in His grac, bfor Isral is vn a nation, allowd Isral to dstroy two kings and to tak thir kingdoms from thm. In whatvr plac and whatvr stat w find ourslvs, God s grac is th rock upon which w stand; God s grac is our sur foundation (which is basd upon th dath of Jsus Christ for our sins). Chaptr Outlin Charts, Graphics and Short Doctrins This complt Moss first srmon, bgun in Dut. 1:5 and compltd in Dut. 4:40. What follows is, two short narrativs on of which blongs in this chaptr and th othr of which is proprly placd with Dut. 5. For many rasons, I hav dcidd not to mss with th chaptr divisions, no mattr how mistakn thy might b (as in this situation). A summary of vv will b placd with Dut. 5; but th xgsis will rmain in Dut. 4.

345 5669 Th Book of Dutronomy Chaptr Outlin Charts, Graphics and Short Doctrins Citis of Rfug Dsignatd for East of th Jordan Num. 35:6-34 Dut 19:1-14 Joshua 20:1-9 W paus for a momnt from this srmon and go into a narrativ passag, on of th fw in Dutronomy. Moss has a fw things to tak car of prior to his dath and prior to th ntranc of th Isralits into th land. On of thos itms of his to-do list is that of dtrmining th citis of rfug on th ast sid of th Jordan. Rcall that God had dtrmind that thr would b citis of rfug st up for thos who committd involuntary manslaughtr. Now, th accompanying laws wr vry spcific. If angr and a dadly wapon wr involvd, thn it is no longr involuntary manslaughtr (s Num. 35:6 34 and Dut. 19:1 13 for th spcifics). Dr. Thomas Constabl: Having compltd his addrss that rmindd th Isralits to look backward and rmmbr God's faithfulnss so thy would rmain faithful in th futur, Moss nxt turnd to a rmindr of what God's will for His chosn popl involvd. H prfacd this scond spch with 221 instruction concrning citis of rfug in th land. God had alrady laid out what ndd to b don: Num 35:6 14 "Th citis that you giv to th Lvits shall b th six citis of rfug, whr you shall prmit th manslayr to fl, and in addition to thm you shall giv fortytwo citis. All th citis that you giv to th Lvits shall b forty-ight, with thir pasturlands. And as for th citis that you shall giv from th possssion of th popl of Isral, from th largr tribs you shall tak many, and from th smallr tribs you shall tak fw; ach, in proportion to th inhritanc that it inhrits, shall giv of its citis to th Lvits." And th LORD spok to Moss, saying, "Spak to th popl of Isral and say to thm, Whn you cross th Jordan into th land of Canaan, thn you shall slct citis to b citis of rfug for you, that th manslayr who kills any prson without intnt may fl thr. Th citis shall b for you a rfug from th avngr, that th manslayr may not di until h stands bfor th congrgation for judgmnt. And th citis that you giv shall b your six citis of rfug. You shall giv thr citis byond th Jordan, and thr citis in th land of Canaan, to b citis of rfug. Sinc nation Isral had mor or lss bgun, it was tim for Moss to bgin organizing it, vn though h would not b crossing ovr th Jordan. Th rmaindr of th chaptr is quit unusual particularly for th book of Dutronomy. Moss sts asid som citis in th ast as citis of rfug. Fnton Farrar suggsts: Vv ar a not of an ancint ditor, not a part of th txt of Moss. 222 This not was most probably writtn by Ezra. - F. F. Ptt is on of th bst whn it coms to rcognizing an ovr-arching organization of th txt. This tim, th organization of th txt is somwhat mor complx. Again, Ptt sparats th sctions diffrntly than most othrs do. Ptr Ptt Organizs Dutronomy 4:41 43 a Moss st apart thr citis in Byond Jordan toward th sunrising (Dutronomy 4:41). b That th manslayr might fl to thm, who kills his nighbour unawars, and hatd him not in tim past (Dutronomy 4:42 a). b And that fling to on of ths citis h might liv (Dutronomy 4:42 b). a "Namly, Bzr in th wildrnss, in th plain country, for th Rubnits; and Ramoth in Gilad, for th Gadits; and Golan in Bashan, for th Manassits (Dutronomy 4:43) From accssd May 15, From accssd April 9, 2015.

346 Dutronomy Chaptr Ptt: Not that in `a" th thr citis ar to b st apart and in th paralll thy ar carfully namd. And in `b' thy ar for th innocnt manslayr to fl to, and in th paralll thos who ar innocnt and fl to thm will liv. From accssd May 13, Chaptr Outlin Charts, Graphics and Short Doctrins I find this to b quit fascinating, th stting asid of ths citis of rfug, and for thm to b mntiond so many tims in th Word of God. Lt m suggst that thr is anothr maning which w can tak from this. Jsus Christ is our rfug, dspit th fact that w hav bn born with a sin natur and th fact that w hav sinnd. W run to Him; w plac ourslvs in Him (wll, God th Holy Spirit dos that), and w ar saf, dspit th fact that w hav sinnd and ar dsrving of dath. Kil and Dlitzsch: Th account of this appointmnt of th citis of rfug in th conqurd land on th ast of th Jordan is insrtd btwn th first and scond addrsss of Moss, in all probability for no othr rason than bcaus Moss st apart th citis at that tim according to th command of God in Num. 35:6, 14, not only to giv th land on that sid its full conscration, and thoroughly confirm th possssion of th two Amoritish kingdoms on th othr sid of th Jordan, but also to giv th popl in this punctual obsrvanc of th duty dvolving upon it an xampl for thir imitation in th conscintious obsrvanc of th commandmnts of th Lord, which h was now about to lay bfor th nation. 223 Most Biblical scholars hav Coffman s viw hr, that this passag is appropriatly placd hr. Coffman s appraisal of th location of th short passag Dutronomy 4:41 43 Th mntion of th citis of rfug appars, not only hr, but in Numbrs 35:9-24; Dutronomy 19:13; and in Joshua 20:1-9. Thr ar two ways to undrstand this insrtion of Moss' appointmnt of ths citis right hr squarly btwn th first and scond addrsss rcordd in Dutronomy: (1) First, thr is th dogmatic, unsupportd, unprovd, and ridiculous notion that th forgr who gav us this work had no rhym nor rason whatvr in th way h put th book togthr. H just junkd a lot of things togthr, and hr is whr this particular "tradition" cam out! All who want that xplanation ar wlcom to it. (2) Thr is th accurat, Scripturally-supportd rason for th appointmnt of ths citis bing mntiond right hr: "Th intrval btwn th first and scond addrsss is xactly th point in tim whn Moss namd and st apart ths thr citis." From accssd May 11, 2015 (with a rfrnc thr to F. C. Cook). Chaptr Outlin Charts, Graphics and Short Doctrins This is a fairly simpl concpt. Isral is about to go to war; th possibility for an accidntal dath is grat. Thrfor, Moss will st up 3 citis ast of th Jordan for th manslayr to fl to (a man who accidntally kills anothr man). Only 3 citis ar st up bcaus Isral dos not yt occupy th land wst of th Jordan; thrfor, stting up citis of rfug thr would mak littl sns. 223 Kil and Dlitzsch, Commntary on th Old Tstamnt; from -Sword; Dut. 4:41 43.

347 5671 Th Book of Dutronomy Moss thn st apart thr citis byond th Thn st apart Moss thr citis byond th Jordan ([in] th ast [at] th sun-rising), [so Jordan astward a sun to fl thr a that] a manslayr, who has killd his nighbor manslayr who kills his nighbor in without unintntionally [whom] h has not hatd him knowldg and h is not hating to him from prviously [might] fl thr. H may fl to ystrday, thr days ago. And h has fld Dutronomy on of ths citis and liv: Bzr [out] in th unto on from th citis th ths and h has 4:41 43 sparsly populatd rgion in th tablland, livd: Bzr in th dsrt-wildrnss in a [which land blongs] to [th trib of] Rubn; land of th lvl country to a Rubnit; Ramoth in Gilad, [which city blongs] to [th Ramoth in th Gilad to th Gadit; and trib of] Gad; and Golan in Bashan [which Golan in Bashan to th Manassit. blongs] to [th trib of] Manassh. Thn Moss st apart thr citis on th othr sid of th Jordan Rivr (ast of th Jordan), so that a man who has unintntionally killd his nighbor might scap thr. H may run to on of ths citis and liv: Bzr, which is in th sparsly populatd rgion of th tablland, which city blongs to th trib of Rubn; Ramoth in Gilad, which city blongs to Gad; and Golan in Bashan, which city blong to Manassh. Hr is how othrs hav translatd this vrs: Ancint txts: Masortic Txt (Hbrw) Targum of Onklos Latin Vulgat Pshitta (Syriac) Sptuagint (Grk) Significant diffrncs: Thn st apart Moss thr citis byond th Jordan astward a sun to fl thr a manslayr who kills his nighbor in without knowldg and h is not hating to him from ystrday, thr days ago. And h has fld unto on from th citis th ths and h has livd: Bzr in th dsrt-wildrnss in a land of th lvl country to a Rubnit; Ramoth in th Gilad to th Gadit; and Golan in Bashan to th Manassit. And now, bhold, Moshh st apart thr citis byond th Jordan toward th sunris, that th manslayr who had killd his nighbour without intntion, not having hatd him ystrday or bfor, may fl, and scap into on of thos citis, and b spard aliv. [JERUSALEM. Who had slain his nighbour unawars, but had not ntrtaind nmity toward him ystrday or bfor.] Kvatirin th wildrnss, in th plain country, for th trib of Rubn, and Ramatha in Gilad for th trib of Gad, and Dabra in Mathnan for th trib of Mnashh. Thn Moss st asid thr citis byond th Jordan at th ast sid, That any on might fl to thm who should kill his nighbour unwillingly, and was not his nmy a day or two bfor, and that h might scap to som on of ths citis: Bosor in th wildrnss, which is situatd in th plains of th trib of Rubn: and Ramoth in Galaad, which is in th trib of Gad: and Golan in Basan, which is in th trib of Manasss. Thn Moss st apart thr citis on this sid of th Jordan toward th rising sun; That th slayr might fl thr, who might kill his nighbor unintntionally, and hatd him not in tim past; and that by fling to on of ths citis h might liv; Namly, Bzr in th wildrnss, in th plain country, of th Rubnits; and Ramath in Gilad, of th Gadits; and Golan in Mathnin, of th Manassits. Thn Moss sparatd thr citis byond th Jordan on th ast, that th manslayr might fl thr, on who has killd his nighbor unintntionally, and should not hav hatd him in tims past, and h shall fl to on of ths citis and liv. Bzr in th wildrnss, in th plain country of Rubn, and Ramoth in Gilad blonging to Gad, and Golan in Bashan blonging to Manassh. Th Latin lavs off and liv aftr fling to on of th citis.

348 Dutronomy Chaptr Limitd Vocabulary Translations: W hav th trib of addd 3 tims in both th targum and th Latin. Bibl in Basic English Easy English Easy-to-Rad Vrsion God s Word Good Nws Bibl (TEV) Th Mssag NIRV Thn Moss had thr towns markd out on th far sid of Jordan looking to th ast; To which anyon causing th dath of his nighbour in rror and not through hat, might go in flight; so that in on of ths towns h might b kpt from dath: Th nams of th towns wr Bzr in th wast land, in th tabl-land, for th Rubnits; and Ramoth in Gilad for th Gadits; and Golan in Bashan for Manassh. Saf citis Thn Moss chos thr spcial citis to th ast of th Rivr Jordan. Ths wr saf placs for any prson who killd anothr prson. But only if h did not want to kill him. If th killr was not th nmy of th man, th killr could run into on of th citis. Thr h would b saf from dath. Moss chos Bzr, in th flat dsrt, for th trib of Rubn. H chos Ramoth, in Gilad, for th trib of Gad. And h chos Golan, in Bashan, for th trib of Manassh. Thn Moss chos thr citis on th ast sid of th Jordan Rivr. If a prson accidntally killd anothr prson, h could run away to on of thos thr citis and not b put to dath. But h could b saf only if h did not hat th othr prson and did not man to kill him. Th thr citis that Moss chos wr: Bzr in th high plains for Rubn s family group; Ramoth in Gilad for Gad s family group; and Golan in Bashan for Manassh s family group. Thr Citis of Rfug East of th Jordan Rivr Thn Moss st asid thr citis on th ast sid of th Jordan Rivr. Thos who unintntionally killd somon whom thy had nvr hatd could fl to on of ths citis and sav thir livs. Th citis wr Bzr on th dsrt platau for th trib of Rubn, Ramoth in Gilad for th trib of Gad, and Golan in Bashan for th trib of Manassh. Thn Moss st asid thr citis ast of th Jordan Rivr to which a man could scap and b saf if h had accidntally killd somon who had not bn his nmy. H could scap to on of ths citis and not b put to dath. For th trib of Rubn thr was th city of Bzr, on th dsrt platau; for th trib of Gad thr was Ramoth, in th trritory of Gilad; and for th trib of Manassh thr was Golan, in th trritory of Bashan. Thn Moss st asid thr towns in th country on th ast sid of th Jordan to which somon who had unintntionally killd a prson could fl and find rfug. If th murdr was unintntional and thr was no history of bad blood, th murdrr could fl to on of ths citis and sav his lif: Bzr in th wildrnss on th tablland for th Rubnits, Ramoth in Gilad for th Gadits, and Golan in Bashan for th Manassits. Citis to Run to for Safty Thn Moss st apart thr citis ast of th Jordan Rivr. Suppos somon killd a prson thy didn't hat and without maning to do it. That prson could run to on of thos citis and stay aliv. Hr ar th nams of th citis. Bzr was for th popl of Rubn. It was in th high plains in th dsrt. Ramoth was for th popl of Gad. It was in Gilad. Golan was for th popl of Manassh. It was in Bashan. Thought-for-thought translations; paraphrass: Contmporary English V. Moss said, "Popl of Isral, you must st asid th following thr towns ast of th Jordan Rivr as Saf Towns: Bzr in th dsrt highlands blonging to th Rubn trib; Ramoth in Gilad, blonging to th Gad trib; and Golan in Bashan, blonging to th Manassh trib. If you kill a nighbor without maning to, and if

349 5673 Th Book of Dutronomy Th Living Bibl Nw Brkly Vrsion Nw Cntury Vrsion Nw Living Translation you had not bn angry with that prson, you can run to on of ths towns and find safty." Thn Moss instructd th popl of Isral to st apart thr citis ast of th Jordan Rivr, whr anyon who accidntally killd somon could fl for safty. Ths citis wr Bzr, on th platau in th wildrnss, for th trib of Rubn; Ramoth, in Gilad, for th trib of Gad; and Golan, in Bashan, for th trib of Manassh. Aftr this Moss st apart thr citis ast of th Jordan as placs of rfugs, in ordr that a man who had unintntionally killd a nighbor with whom h had no prvious quarrl might fl to on of ths citis and rmain aliv: Bzr in th dsrt on th platau for th Rubnits, Ramoth in Gilad for th Gadits, and Golan in Bashan for th Manassits. In Isral if a man was murdrd, his narst of kin, th avngr of blood, was obligd to slay th murdrr. But th killing might hav bn accidntal; in such a cas, th killr could fl to th city of rfug and scap th avngr of blood. S furthr Dut. 19:1 13. Citis of Safty Moss chos thr citis ast of th Jordan Rivr, whr a prson who accidntally killd somon could go. If th prson was not killd bcaus of hatrd, th murdrr's lif could b savd by running to on of ths citis. Ths wr th citis: Bzr in th dsrt high plain was for th Rubnits; Ramoth in Gilad was for th Gadits; and Golan in Bashan was for th Manassits. Eastrn Citis of Rfug Thn Moss st apart thr citis of rfug ast of th Jordan Rivr. Anyon who killd anothr prson unintntionally, without prvious hostility, could fl thr to liv in safty. Ths wr th citis: Bzr on th wildrnss platau for th trib of Rubn; Ramoth in Gilad for th trib of Gad; Golan in Bashan for th trib of Manassh. Partially litral and partially paraphrasd translations: Amrican English Bibl Thn Moss st asid thr towns on th ast sid of th JorDan as rfug citis whr mn who hav unintntionally killd a nighbor (somon whom thy nvr hatd) can run to and liv: Bosor in th plains of RuBn, RamOth in Gilad (Gad's land), and GauLon in BaShan (ManasSh's land). Bck s Amrican Translation Citis of Rfug Thn Moss slctd thr citis on th ast sid of th Jordan, to which a man could fl who had unintntionally killd a prson without having bn his nmy bfor. If h fld to on of ths citis, h would stay aliv. H chos Bzr on th wildrnss platau for Rubn, Ramoth in Gilad for Gad, and Golan in Bashan for Manassh. Intrnational Standard V Citis of Rfug Thn Moss dsignatd thr citis on th ast sid of th Jordan, whr a prson who accidntally killd somon could fl, if h killd his nighbor without having nmity toward him in th past. H may fl to on of ths citis and liv: Bzr in th dsrt plain for th dscndants of Rubn, Ramoth in Gilad for th dscndants of Gad, and Golan in Bashan for th dscndants of Manassh. Nw Advnt (Knox) Bibl Thn Moss st apart thr citis on th ast of Jordan, as a plac of rfug, if h could but scap to on of thm, for th man that had killd his nighbour unwittingly, without having any fud against him in tims past. Ths wr Bosor, out in th dsrt, in th plain that blongs to Rubn, Ramoth in Galaad, for Gad, and Golan in Basan, for Manasss. Today s NIV Citis of Rfug 4:41-43Rf -- Nu 35:6-34; Dt 19:1-14; Jos 20:1-9

350 Dutronomy Chaptr Translation for Translators Thn Moss st asid thr citis ast of th Jordan, to which anyon who had killd a prson could fl if thy had unintntionally killd a nighbor without malic aforthought. Thy could fl into on of ths citis and sav thir lif. Th citis wr ths: Bzr in th wildrnss platau, for th Rubnits; Ramoth in Gilad, for th Gadits; and Golan in Bashan, for th Manassits. Th citis of rfug Thn Moss/I st apart thr citis that ar on th ast sid of th Jordan Rivr. If somon accidntally killd anothr prson, a prson who had not bn his nmy prviously, h could scap to on of thos citis. H would b saf/protctd in on of thos citis bcaus th popl thr would protct him. For th trib of Rubn, Moss/I st apart Bzr city in th platau/high lvl ara. For th trib of Gad, Moss/I st apart Ramoth city in th Gilad ara. For th trib of Manassh, Moss/I st apart Golan city in th Bashan rgion. Mostly litral rndrings (with som occasional paraphrasing): Ancint Roots Translinar Frrar-Fnton Bibl Lxham English Bibl NIV UK Thn Moss sparatd thr citis across th Jordan to th sun's sunrising. A murdrr fls thr, which murdrd his nighbor without knowldg, and had nvr hatd him arlir, as ystrday. H livs that fls into on of ths citis: For Rubn: Bzr in th wildrnss, in th platau; th paks in Wst-Jordan for Gad; and Golan in South-Syria for Manassh. (At this priod Moss slctd thr citis ovr th Jordan towards th sunris, for th man-slayr, who might kill his nighbour accidntally, whom h had not prviously hatd, to fly to, - that h might fly to on of thos Citis of God and liv. Thy wr Btzr in th dsrt in th district of Mishr, for th Rubnits, and Ramoth in Ghilad. for th Gadits, and Golam in Bashan, for th Manassits.) Thn Moss st apart thr citis on th othr sid of th Jordan [Litrally "in th byond of th Jordan"], toward th ast [Litrally "toward rising of th sun"], in ordr for a manslayr [Litrally "a killr of a man"] to fl thr who has killd his nighbor without intnt [Litrally "without prvious knowldg"] and was not hating him prviously [Litrally "th day bfor ystrday"], and so h could fl to on of ths citis and b saf [Litrally "and liv"]. H st apart Bzr in th wildrnss [Or "dsrt"] in th land of th platau of th Rubnits [Hbrw "Rubnit"]; Ramoth in Gilad of th Gadits [Hbrw "Gadit"], and Golan in Bashan of th Manassits [Hbrw "Manassit"]. Citis of rfug Thn Moss st asid thr citis ast of th Jordan, to which anyon who had killd a prson could fl if thy had unintntionally killd a nighbour without malic aforthought. Thy could fl into on of ths citis and sav thir lif. Th citis wr ths: Bzr in th wildrnss platau, for th Rubnits; Ramoth in Gilad, for th Gadits; and Golan in Bashan, for th Manassits. Catholic Bibls (thos having th imprimatur): Christian Community (1988) Scond discours of Moss Moss dsignatd thr citis at th othr sid of th Jordan, on th ast, whr on who involuntarily kills his nighbor may find rfug, on who has nvr bn his nmy bfor. H should fl into on of thos citis and so sav himslf. Ths ar th citis: Bzr on th d srt platau for th trib of Rubn, Ra moth in Gilad for th trib of Gad, and Go lan in Bashan for th trib of Manas sh. Nw Jrusalm Bibl Moss thn st asid thr towns in th ast, byond th Jordan, to which any killr might fl who had accidntally, without any prvious fud, killd his fllow; by taking rfug in on of ths towns h could sav his lif. Ths wr, for th

351 5675 Th Book of Dutronomy Nw RSV Rvisd English Bibl Rubnits, Bzr in th dsrt on th tablland; for th Gadits, Ramoth in Gilad; for th Manasshits, Golan in Bashan. Thn Moss st apart on th ast sid of th Jordan thr citis to which a homicid could fl, somon who unintntionally kills anothr prson, th two not having bn at nmity bfor; th homicid could fl to on of ths citis and liv: Bzr in th wildrnss on th tablland blonging to th Rubnits, Ramoth in Gilad blonging to th Gadits, and Golan in Bashan blonging to th Manassits. Thn Moss st apart thr citis in th ast byond th Jordan to b placs of rfug for th homicid who kills somon without malic aforthought. If h took sanctuary in on of ths citis his lif would b saf. Th citis wr: Bzr-in-th-wildrnss on th tablland for th Rubnits, Ramoth in Gilad for th Gadits, and Golan in Bashan for th Manassits. Jwish/Hbrw Nams Bibls: Complt Jwish Bibl xgss companion Bibl JPS (Tanakh 1985) Kaplan Translation A (iii) Thn Moss st asid thr citis on th ast sid of th Jordan to which a manslayr could scap, on who unwittingly slw a fllow man without having bn hostil to him in th past; h could fl to on of ths citis and liv: Bzr, in th wildrnss in th Tablland, blonging to th Rubnits; Ramoth, in Gilad, blonging to th Gadits; and Golan, in Bashan, blonging to th Manassits. MOSHEH SEPARATES CITIES OF REFUGE Thn Moshh sparats thr citis on this sid Yardn toward th sunrising; for th murdrr to fl to - who murdrs his frind unknowingly, who hatd him not thr ystrs ago; and that fling to on of ths citis h livs: - Bsr in th wildrnss, in th plain land, of th Ru Bniy; and Ramoth in Gilad, of th Gadiy; and Golan in Bashan, of th Mnash Shhiy. Thn Moss st asid thr citis on th ast sid of th Jordan to which a manslayr could scap, on who unwittingly slw a fllow man without having bn hostil to him in th past; h could fl to on of ths citis and liv: Bzr, in th wildrnss in th Tablland, blonging to th Rubnits; Ramoth, in Gilad, blonging to th Gadits; and Golan, in Bashan, blonging to th Manassits. Moss thn [(Ramban; cf. Ibn Ezra). Or, 'Thn I dsignatd' (Chizzkuni). Som say that Moss dsignatd ths citis aftr h had bn told that h would not s th promisd land (Dvarim Rabbah 2:26; Malbim), or aftr h saw it from afar (Tzafnath Paanach).] dsignatd thr citis on th ast [Litrally, 'othr sid.'] of th Jordan, toward th rising sun, whr a murdrr [S Numbrs 35:14.] could scap. If a prson killd his nighbor without intnt and without prior nmity, h would b abl to scap to on of ths citis and liv. [Th citis wr] Btzr [S Joshua 20:8, 1 Chronicls 6:63. Although its xact location is unknown, th Talmud (Makkoth 9b) stats that it was paralll to Hbron, and it was thrfor probably nar Divon (s Numbrs 21:30). Som idntify it with Bosor in 1 Maccabs 5:26,28. It is also idntifid with Kvathirim (Targum Yonathan), which is also unknown.] in th dsrt flatlands for th Rubnits, Ramoth [Usually idntifid with Ramoth Gilad; s Joshua 21:36, 1 Kings 22:3. This is th modrn Tll Rmith or s-salt, 25 mils ast of th Jordan, and 12 mils south of th Kinnrth. Howvr, according to th Talmud, Ramoth parallls Shchm, whil Tll Rmith is considrably to its north.] in th Gilad for th Gaddits, and Golan [S Joshua 20:8, 21:7, 1 Chronicls 6:56. It was latr known as Gaulon (Eusbius, Omonastica Sacra 242), and Gaulanitis (Josphus, Antiquitis 8:2:3, Wars 1:4:4,

352 Dutronomy Chaptr Orthodox Jwish Bibl Rstord Nams Vrsion Th Scripturs :3:1, 4:1:1, 4:1:5). This is th modrn Jaulan or Sachm l Jolan, som 18 mils ast of th Kinnrth. Othr sourcs idntify it with an unknown city, Dabra (Targum Yonathan). Th Talmud stats that it parallls Kadsh in Naphtali.] in Bashan for th Manassits. Thn Mosh sparatd and st apart thr towns on this sid of th Yardn toward th rising of th shmsh; That th rotz'ach might fl thr, which should kill his nighbor unawars, and hatd him not in tims past; and that fling unto on of ths towns h might liv: Namly, Btzr in th midbar, in th flatland, of th Ruvni; and Ramot in Gil`ad, of th Gadi; and Golan in Bashan, of th Mnashi. And Moshh st apart thr citis on this sid of th Yardn, toward th rising of th sun, that th murdrr might fl thr who kills his nighbor unintntionally without having hatd him in tim past and that by fling to on of ths citis h might liv. Btsr in th wildrnss on th platau for th R'uwbniy, Ra'mowth in Gil'ad for th Gadiy, and Gowlan in Bashan for th Mnashshiy. Thn Moshh sparatd thr citis byond th Yard n, toward th rising of th sun, for him who killd somon to fl thr, h who kills his nighbour unintntionally, without having hatd him in tim past, and might fl to on of ths citis and liv: Btsr in th wildrnss in th lvl land for th R u b nits, and Ramoth in Gil a d for th Ga dits, and Golan in Bashan for th Mnashshits. Expandd/Embllishd Bibls: Th Expandd Bibl Citis of Safty Moss chos [st apart] thr citis ast of [byond] th Jordan Rivr, whr a prson who accidntally [unintntionally] killd somon could go [Num. 35:9-34]. If th prson was not killd bcaus of hatrd, th murdrr's lif could b savd by running to on of ths citis. Ths wr th citis: Bzr in th dsrt [wildrnss] high plain was for th Rubnits; Ramoth in Gilad was for th Gadits; and Golan in Bashan was for th Manassits. Krtzmann s Commntary Vrss Conclusion of th First Addrss Thn Moss svrd, st apart, thr citis on this sid Jordan toward th sun-rising, in th trritory of th two and on half tribs, that th slayr might fl thr, which should kill his nighbor unawars, without prmditation and intntion, and hatd him not in tims past, and that, fling unto on of ths citis, h might liv, Dut. 19:4-13; Num. 35:9-34; namly, Bzr in th wildrnss, in th plain country, in th stpps, of th Rubnits; and Ramoth in Gilad, of th Gadits; and Golan in Bashan, from which this rgion aftrwards rcivd th nam Gaulanitis, of th Manassits. NET Bibl Th Narrativ Concrning Citis of Rfug Thn Moss slctd thr citis in th Transjordan, toward th ast. Anyon who accidntally killd somon [Hb "th slayr who slw his nighbor without knowldg."] without hating him at th tim of th accidnt [Hb "ystrday and a third (day)." Th point is that thr was no animosity btwn th two partis at th tim of th accidnt and thrfor no motiv for th killing.] could fl to on of thos citis and b saf. Ths citis ar Bzr, in th dsrt platau, for th Rubnits; Ramoth in Gilad for th Gadits; and Golan in Bashan for th Manasshits. Th Voic Thn Moss dsignatd thr citis ast of th Jordan as placs whr a prson could fl if h or sh unintntionally killd somon whn thr was no grudg btwn thm. By fling to on of ths citis, a prson could b saf from rvng and stay aliv. Ths wr th citis: Bzr on th platau in th wildrnss for th Rubnits, Ramoth in Gilad for th Gadits, and Golan in Bashan for th Manassits.

353 5677 Th Book of Dutronomy Litral, almost word-for-word, rndrings: Establishing ths citis of rfug for thos who will b living on th ast sid of th Jordan is th last thing Moss nds to do bfor snding th popl across th rivr to conqur th rst of th promisd land. But thy will kp living in that land only if thy rmain faithful to thir covnant with th Lord. So as Moss continus to rprsnt Him, h now dscribs th popl's obligations to th Etrnal, bginning with xclusiv loyalty and obdinc to th on Tru God. Concordant Litral Vrsion Contxt Group Vrsion Darby Translation God s Truth (Tyndal) Nw Europan Vrsion Nw King Jams Vrsion Wbstr s Bibl Translation Young s Updatd LT Th gist of this vrs: Thn Moss sparatd thr citis in Transjordan toward th sunris, for th fling thr of th manslayr who slays his associat without knowldg, whn h was not hating him hrtofor. Thn h will fl to on of ths citis that h may liv. Bzr in th wildrnss in th tablland country for th Rubnit, and Ramoth in Gilad for th Gadit, and Golan in Bashan for th Manassit. Thn Moss st apart thr citis byond th Jordan toward th sunrising; that th manslayr might fl thr, that kills his nighbor unawars, and didn't spurn him in tim past; and that fling to on of ths citis h might liv: [ namly ], Bzr in th wildrnss, in th plain country, for th Rubnits; and Ramoth in Gilad, for th Gadits; and Golan in Bashan, for th Manassits. Thn Moss sparatd thr citis on this sid th Jordan toward th sun-rising, that th manslayr might fl thr, who should kill his nighbour unawars, and hatd him not prviously, that fling to on of ths citis, h might liv: Bzr in th wildrnss, in th platau, of th Rubnits, and Ramoth in Gilad, of th Gadits, and Golan in Bashan, of th Manassits. Thn Moss svrd thr citis on th othr sid Jordan toward th son [xact splling lswhr in th txt is sun splld sunn, hr is sonn as is son.] rising, that h should fl ovr thr which had killd his nighbor unawars and hatd him not in tim past, and thrfor should fl unto on of th sam citis and liv: Bzr in th wildrnss vn in th plain country among th Rubnits: and Ramoth in Galaad among th Gadits and Solan in Basan among th Manassits. Citis of Rfug Moss st apart thr citis byond th Jordan toward th ast that th manslayr might fl thr, who kills his nighbour unawars, and didn't hat him in tim past, and that fling to on of ths citis h might liv: Bzr in th wildrnss, in th plain country for th Rubnits; Ramoth in Gilad for th Gadits; and Golan in Bashan for th Manassits. Citis of Rfug East of th Jordan Thn Moss st apart thr citis on this sid of th Jordan, toward th rising of th sun, that th manslayr might fl thr, who kills his nighbor unintntionally, without having hatd him in tim past, and that by fling to on of ths citis h might liv: Bzr in th wildrnss on th platau for th Rubnits, Ramoth in Gilad for th Gadits, and Golan in Bashan for th Manassits. Thn Moss st apart thr citis on th sid of Jordan, towards th sun-rising; That th slayr might fl thr, who should kill his nighbor unawars, and whn h had not hatd him in tims past; and that fling to on of ths citis h might liv: [Namly], Bzr in th wildrnss, in th plain country, of th Rubnits; and Ramoth in Gilad, of th Gadits; and Golan in Bashan, of th Manassits. Thn Moss sparats thr citis byond th Jordan, towards th sun-rising, for th fling thr of th man-slayr, who slays his nighbour unknowingly, and h is not hating him hrtofor, and h has fld unto on of ths citis, and h hath livd: Bzr, in th wildrnss, in th land of th plain, of th Rubnit; and Ramoth, in Gilad, of th Gadit; and Golan, in Bashan, of th Manassahit. Moss sts up citis of rfug ast of th Jordan.

354 Dutronomy Chaptr Moss had assignd th trritory ast of th Jordan to th tribs of Rubn and Gad and th half-trib of Manassh. Thr ar civil concrns which must b dalt with, which is what is don hr. W do not know if this is part of what Moss was taching and it is ncapsulatd by Joshua (or by Moss); or how this fits into th big pictur. It would b rasonabl to suppos that, btwn his first and scond srmons, Moss st up ths citis for thos who commit involuntary manslaughtr. Is this a summary of what h taught or was this sort of don bhind th scns? Th languag maks this all appar to b simply a summary of what Moss dos (and, as th ladr of Isral, Moss would hav st all of this up, probably spaking to ladrs from th tribs of Rubn, Gad and Manassh). It is odd that w find this alludd to 4 tims in th Bibl. Howvr, this appars to b paralll to th pardon which w rciv from Jsus Christ, having bn born into sin. Dutronomy 4:41 Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs âz (àèæ) [pronouncd awz] thn, aftr that, at that tim, in that cas (whn following an if or though), now, as things ar; that bing so, thrfor, bcaus of that advrb Strong s #227 BDB #23 bâdal (áìèãçì) [pronouncd baw-dahl] to sparat, [disjoin, svr]; to divid into parts; to distinguish, to mak a distinction, to show a diffrnc; to slct [out from a group]; to divid into parts; to shut out rd 3 prson singular, Hiphil imprfct Strong's #914 BDB #95 Moshh (îéùæä) [pronouncd moh- SHEH] to draw out [of th watr] and is translitratd Moss masculin propr noun Strong s #4872 BDB #602 shâlôsh ( ÈìÉ ) [pronouncd shaw- LOHSH] a thr, a trio, a triad, a thrsom numral; masculin singular noun Strong s #7969 BDB #1025 îyr (òäéø) [pronouncd ìr] ncampmnt, city, town fminin plural noun Strong's #5892 BDB #746 h b (áìà) [pronouncd b ] in, into, at, by, nar, on, with, bfor, against, by mans of, among, within a prposition of proximity No Strong s # BDB #88 êbr (òåáæø) [pronouncd B ÌAY -vr] rgion byond [across]; rgion on th othr sid [of a vally, stram, sa]; th opposit rgion [sid]; byond, sid masculin singular construct Strong's #5676 BDB #719 This word is significant and suggsts that somon (Joshua, probably) wrot this aftr th fact and from th wst sid of th Jordan.

355 5679 Th Book of Dutronomy Dutronomy 4:41 Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs Yâr dên (éèøàãåï) [pronouncd yar -DAYN] dscndr; flowing downward; th watring plac; translitratd Jordan propr noun with th dfinit articl Strong s #3383 BDB #434 Owns lavs out that this has a dfinit articl. miz râch (îäæàøèç) [pronouncd miz - RAHKH] astward, ast, plac of sun rising masculin singular noun with th locativ hê Strong s #4217 BDB #280 shmsh (ùæîæù) [pronouncd SHEHmsh] sun; sunris, sun-rising, ast, sun-stting, wst (of dirction); opnly, publically masculin or fminin singular noun Strong s #8121 BDB #1039 Translation: Moss thn st apart thr citis byond th Jordan ([in] th ast [at] th sun-rising),... This is intrsting w lav th spch of Moss and thr is a short narrativ. Did h bgin to talk about this, and Joshua, who was taking nots, dcidd to summariz this instad? Or, if Moss wrot th book of Dutronomy, did h latr dcid to summariz this sction? 224 Whn it coms to authorship, Moss crtainly wrot most of Dutronomy (apart from his own dath ). As discussd prviously, w don t know if Moss has nots that h wrot out, or if h has th prvious Law writtn out which h is rfrring to. In th lattr cas, thn Joshua would hav had to tak copious nots; in th formr cas, Moss simply wrot his prpard spch and thn gav it; and it bcam a part of Scriptur. Th advrb which bgins this vrs indicats that this was th nxt thing that Moss did aftr his srmon. H had bn givn a command, and, although h could not go into th land and st th othr citis apart, h would st ths citis apart as pr God's commands. This was in th land of Rubn, Gad and th partial trib of Manassh, whr th Isralits wr prsntly ncampd. S Dut. 19:2 29 for mor dtails. Th fact that Moss is now spokn of in th third prson dos not indicat that this portion of God's Word was ditd by somon ls anymor than it mans that Exodus, Lviticus and Numbrs wr writtn by somon othr than Moss. As som hav don many tims, an author, in narrativ, rfrs to himslf in th third prson. Howvr, th srmon of Moss is ssntially a dirct quot, and in public spaking, Moss rfrs to himslf in th first prson, as do most popl whn thy spak of thir own xprincs to an audinc. A slight xcption to this rul is notd in th twntith cntury Unitd Stats whn th Prsidnt of th Unitd Stats spaks of himslf in th third prson as th holdr of th offic of prsidncy. Dutronomy 4:42a Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs lâmd (ìà) [pronouncd l ] to, for, towards, in rgards to dirctional/rlational prposition No Strong s # BDB # Som suggst that h could hav writtn his dath prophtically; I am not in that group. I think that most of Scriptur is writtn just as you would xpct it to b writtn.

356 Dutronomy Chaptr Dutronomy 4:42a Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs nûwç (ðåìñ) [pronouncd noos] to fl, to fl from, to scap, to dpart, to rtrat, to hastn quickly [away] Qal infinitiv construct Strong's #5127 BDB #630 shâm (ùèí) [pronouncd shawm] thr; at that tim, thn; thrin, in that thing advrb with th dirctional hê Strong s #8033 BDB #1027 This simply mans thr; hê acts almost lik a dmonstrativ. râtsach (øèöçç) [pronouncd raw- TSAHKH] manslayr, intntional killr (slayr) Qal participl Strong's #7523 BDB #953 ãshr (àâéùæø) [pronouncd ash-er] that, which, whn, who, whom; whr rlativ pronoun Strong's #834 BDB #81 râtsach (øèöçç) [pronouncd raw- TSAHKH] to murdr, to kill, to slay [prmditatd, accidntal, as a slayr]; to brak, to dash in pics rd 3 prson masculin singular, Qal imprfct Strong's #7523 BDB #953 êth (àæç) [pronouncd ayth] Indicats nxt word is th objct of th vrb; somtims translatd to untranslatd mark of a dirct objct Strong's #853 BDB #84 rêa (øåòç) [pronouncd RAY-ahì] associat, nighbor, collagu; companion, frind; blovd; fllow, acquaintanc; fllow citizn; anothr prson; on, anothr [in a rciprocal phras] masculin singular noun rd with a 3 prson masculin singular suffix Strong s #7453 BDB #945 h b (áìà) [pronouncd b ] in, into, at, by, nar, on, with, bfor, against, by mans of, among, within a prposition of proximity No Strong s # BDB #88 b lîy (áìàìäé) [pronouncd not, without ngativ/substantiv b LEE] Strong s #1097 BDB #115 da ath (ãìçòçú) [pronouncd DAH-ìahth] knowldg, knowing, prcption, skill; intllignc, discrnmnt, undrstanding, wisdom fminin singular noun Strong s #1847 BDB #395 Although Owns lists this as a fminin plural noun, it appars to b singular to m. Ths thr words togthr appar to man unintntionally, accidntally. w (or v ) (åà or åì) [pronouncd wh] and, vn, thn; namly; whn; sinc, that; though; as wll as simpl wâw conjunction No Strong s # BDB #251 hûw (äåìà) [pronouncd hoo] h, it; himslf as a dmonstrativ pronoun: that, this (on); sam rd 3 prson masculin singular, prsonal pronoun; somtims th vrb to b, is implid Strong s #1931 BDB #214

357 5681 Th Book of Dutronomy Dutronomy 4:42a Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs lô (ìéà or ìåéà) [pronouncd low] not, no ngats th word or action that follows; th absolut ngation Strong s #3808 BDB #518 sânê (ùòèðåà) [pronouncd saw-nay] to hat; in th participl, it is hating, bing at nmity, dspising; th ons hating Qal activ participl Strong s #8130 BDB #971 lâmd (ìà) [pronouncd l ] to, for, towards, in rgards to dirctional/rlational prposition with th 3 rd prson masculin singular suffix No Strong s # BDB #510 min (îäï) [pronouncd mihn] from, away from, out from, out of from, off, on account of, sinc, abov, than, so that not, byond, mor than prposition of sparation Strong's #4480 BDB #577 t môwl (úìîåéì) [pronouncd t MOHL] ystrday; and is usd figurativly for rcntly, formrly advrb Strong s #8543 (and #865) BDB #1069 shil shôwm (ùäìàùåéí) [pronouncd shil- SHOHM] thr days ago, th day bfor ystrday advrb Strong s #8032 BDB #1026 Togthr, ths two advrbs man bfor, prviously, afor tim, hithrto, hrtofor (s Gn. 31:2 2Kings 13:5). Translation:...[so that] a manslayr, who has killd his nighbor unintntionally [whom] h has not hatd him prviously [might] fl thr. Moss clarly sts up th concpt of involuntary manslaughtr hr killing somon without maning to. Th word hrtofor is litrally from ystrday, th day bfor ystrday (thr ar actually two words and a prposition, th lattr word rfrring to th day bfor ystrday. This is idiomatic for tims past, hrtofor, afortim. Notic that animosity cannot b a part of th quation. You don't gt to fall into som confrontation with an nmy and accidntally kill him. I bliv that th Hbrw word which mant with knowldg cam to man, whn appndd with th ngativ, unintntionally. I wondr if thr wr laws by othr countris which took into considration involuntary manslaughtr? Motiv coms into play hr, and Moss is spaking of a prson who has killd but h did not man to kill. Now, rmmbr whn Moss wnt out to s his popl as slavs in Egypt and h struck an Egyptian and that man did? Moss may not hav intndd to kill that man. So, this may b what Moss thinks of whn writing this law. Howvr, God clarly st up a law daling with involuntary manslaughtr in Lv. 35 (and this will b rvisitd in Dut. 19). So, this ida is not original with Moss. In any cas, this is a concpt fundamntal to our law vn today: motiv. Evry proscutor sarchs for a motiv whn charging somon with murdr; othrwis, it is much mor difficult to proscut.

358 Dutronomy Chaptr Dutronomy 4:42b Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs w (or v ) (åà or åì) [pronouncd wh] and, vn, thn; namly; whn; sinc, that; though; as wll as simpl wâw conjunction No Strong s # BDB #251 nûwç (ðåìñ) [pronouncd noos] to fl, to fl from, to scap, to dpart, to rtrat, to hastn quickly [away] rd 3 prson masculin singular, Qal prfct Strong's #5127 BDB #630 l (àæì) [pronouncd hl] unto; into, among, in; toward, to; against; concrning, rgarding; bsids, togthr with; as to dirctional prposition (rspct or dfrnc may b implid) Strong's #413 BDB #39 châd (àæçèã) [pronouncd h- KHAWD] on, first, crtain, only; ach, vry; but it can also man a composit unity; possibly particular; anyon numral adjctiv Strong's #259 BDB #25 Echâd can function lik an indfinit articl, and b rndrd a crtain [prson, plac or thing]. Echâd can b usd lliptically to man on tim, onc. min (îäï) [pronouncd mihn] from, away from, out from, out of from, off, on account of, sinc, abov, than, so that not, byond, mor than prposition of sparation Strong's #4480 BDB #577 îyr (òäéø) [pronouncd ìr] ncampmnt, city, town fminin plural noun with th dfinit articl Strong's #5892 BDB #746 êl (àåì) [pronouncd al] ths, thos pronoun/dmonstrativ plural adjctiv (for masculin and fminin nouns) Strong s #411 BDB #41 w (or v ) (åà or åì) [pronouncd wh] and, vn, thn; namly; whn; sinc, that; though; as wll as simpl wâw conjunction No Strong s # BDB #251 châyâh (çèéèä) [pronouncd khaw-yaw] to liv, to hav lif, to rviv, to rcovr halth, to b hald, to b rfrshd rd 3 prson masculin singular, Qal prfct Strong's #2421 & #2425 BDB #310 Translation: H may fl to on of ths citis and liv:... Th land ast of th Jordan has bn distributd; and thrfor, 3 citis nd to b slctd for a prson who has killd accidntally to fl to. Whn th popl of Isral tak th land wst of th Jordan, thn citis to fl to will b st up thr as wll. Ptr Ptt: [This] nd aros bcaus of th law of blood vnganc. That law statd that whn a man was killd his family must avng his dath on th on who had don it. Thus if thy slw th killr right was sn as on thir sid. Th citis of rfug providd a plac to which mn could go who had killd accidntally, or who wr innocnt but could not prov it in tim. Onc thy wr thr thy wr saf from th avngrs of blood. But thir cass had thn to b xamind thoroughly, and if it

359 5683 Th Book of Dutronomy was dcidd that thy had actually killd th dad prson dlibratly thy would b turnd out of th 225 city of rfug so that th avngrs of blood could xact thir punishmnt. Gill: and that, fling unto on of ths citis, h might liv; in pac and safty unto his own dath, or unto th dath of th high prist, whn h was rlasd from his confinmnt to th city of his 226 rfug, and might rturn to his trib, hous, family, and possssions. Dutronomy 4:43a Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs êth (àæç) [pronouncd ayth] Indicats nxt word is th objct of th vrb; somtims translatd to untranslatd mark of a dirct objct Strong's #853 BDB #84 Btsr (áìæöæø) [pronouncd BEH-tshr] gold or; rmot fortrss; darth; translitratd Bzr fminin singular noun Strong s #1221 BDB #131 h b (áìà) [pronouncd b ] in, into, at, by, nar, on, with, bfor, against, by mans of, among, within a prposition of proximity No Strong s # BDB #88 mid bâr (îäãàáèø) [pronouncd mid - BAWR] wildrnss, unpopulatd wildrnss, dsrt wildrnss; mouth masculin singular noun with th dfinit articl Strong s #4057 BDB #184 h b (áìà) [pronouncd b ] in, into, at, by, nar, on, with, bfor, against, by mans of, among, within a prposition of proximity No Strong s # BDB #88 rts (àæøæõ) [pronouncd EH-rts] arth (all or a portion throf), land, trritory, country, continnt; ground, soil; undr th ground [Shol] fminin singular construct Strong's #776 BDB #75 mîyshôwr (îäéùåéø) [pronouncd mt- SHORE] lvl country, plain, tabl-land, lvl plac (it coms from th word which mans straight, upright) masculin singular noun with th dfinit articl Strong s #4334 BDB #449 lâmd (ìà) [pronouncd l ] to, for, towards, in rgards to dirctional/rlational prposition No Strong s # BDB #510 R ûwbênîy (øààåìáåðäé) [pronouncd r oo-bay- NEE] bhold a son; on from th trib [or trritory] of Rubn; translitratd Rubnit gntilic adjctiv with th dfinit articl Strong s #7206 BDB #910 Translation:...Bzr [out] in th sparsly populatd rgion in th tablland, [which land blongs] to [th trib of] Rubn;... Moss nams thos citis hr. Thr will b on city pr trib From accssd May 13, Dr. John Gill, John Gill s Exposition of th Entir Bibl; from -Sword, Dut. 4:42.

360 Dutronomy Chaptr Kil and Dlitzsch: Bzr was probably th sam as Bosor (1Macc. 5:36), and is possibly to b sn 227 in th Brza mntiond by Robinson (Pal. App. p. 170). Barns: litrally, in th land of th Mishor. Th word mans a lvl tract of land; but whn usd (Dut. 3:10; Joshua 13:9, tc.) with th articl, sms to b th propr nam for th smooth downs of Moab, which rach from th Jordan astward of Jricho far into th Dsrt of Arabia, and which form a striking contrast alik to th ruggd country wst of th rivr, and to th highr and rmarkabl 228 districts blonging to Bashan northward. You will notic that I addd th words th trib of. W find this don in th targum and in th Latin. Dutronomy 4:43b Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs w (or v ) (åà or åì) [pronouncd wh] and, vn, thn; namly; whn; sinc, that; though; as wll as simpl wâw conjunction No Strong s # BDB #251 êth (àæç) [pronouncd ayth] Indicats nxt word is th objct of th vrb; somtims translatd to untranslatd mark of a dirct objct Strong's #853 BDB #84 Râmôwth (øèîåéú) [pronouncd raw- MOHTH] hights and is translitratd Ramôth propr singular noun/location Strong s #7216 BDB #928 h b (áìà) [pronouncd b ] in, into, at, by, nar, on, with, bfor, against, by mans of, among, within a prposition of proximity No Strong s # BDB #88 Gil âd (âìäìàòèã) [pronouncd gil-ìawd] rocky rgion; translitratd Gilad masculin propr noun with th dfinit articl Strong s #1568 BDB #166 lâmd (ìà) [pronouncd l ] to, for, towards, in rgards to dirctional/rlational prposition No Strong s # BDB #510 Gâdîy (âìèãäé) [pronouncd gaw-dee] invadr; troop; fortun; translitratd Gadit; an inhabitant or dscndnt of Gad gntilis adjctiv with th dfinit articl Strong s #1425 BDB #151 Translation:...Ramoth in Gilad, [which city blongs] to [th trib of] Gad;... Ramoth blongs to Gad Gill: and Ramoth in Gilad of th Gadits; it lay in that part of Mount Gilad, and among th citis of it, which fll to th shar of th trib of Gad, and was by thm givn to th Lvits, 1Chron. 6:80, this 229 city is frquntly in Scriptur calld Ramothgilad; s 1Kings 4:13. Kil and Dlitzsch: Ramoth in Gilad, i.., Ramoth Mizph (comp. Joshua 20:8 with Joshua 13:26), was situatd, according to th Onom., fiftn Roman mils, or six hours, to th wst of Philadlphia (Rabbath Ammon); probably, thrfor, on th sit of th modrn Salt, which is six hours' journy 230 from Ammân (cf. v. Raumr, Pal. pp. 265, 266). Kil and Dlitzsch, Commntary on th Old Tstamnt; from -Sword; Dut. 4: Albrt Barns, Barns Nots on th Old Tstamnt; from -Sword, Dut. 4:43. Dr. John Gill, John Gill s Exposition of th Entir Bibl; from -Sword, Dut. 4:43. Kil and Dlitzsch, Commntary on th Old Tstamnt; from -Sword; Dut. 4:41 43.

361 5685 Th Book of Dutronomy Trasury of Scriptural Knowldg: Ramoth was a clbratd city in th mountains of Gilad, placd by Eusbius fiftn mils ast from Philadlphia or Ammon, and by Jrom in th nighbourhood of Jabbok, and consquntly north of Philadlphia. Joshua 21:38 1Kings 4:13 22:3 4 1Chron. 6: Dutronomy 4:43c Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs w (or v ) (åà or åì) [pronouncd wh] and, vn, thn; namly; whn; sinc, that; though; as wll as simpl wâw conjunction No Strong s # BDB #251 êth (àæç) [pronouncd ayth] Indicats nxt word is th objct of th vrb; somtims translatd to untranslatd mark of a dirct objct Strong's #853 BDB #84 Gôwlân (âìåéìèï) [pronouncd go-lawn] thir captivity; thir rjoicing; translitratd Golan propr singular noun/location Strong s #1474 BDB #156 h b (áìà) [pronouncd b ] in, into, at, by, nar, on, with, bfor, against, by mans of, among, within a prposition of proximity No Strong s # BDB #88 Bâshân (áìèùèï) [pronouncd baw- SHAWN] sandy soil; fruitful; flat; and is translitratd Bashan propr singular noun; a location; with th dfinit articl Strong s #1316 BDB #143 lâmd (ìà) [pronouncd l ] to, for, towards, in rgards to dirctional/rlational prposition No Strong s # BDB #510 Mnashshîy (îæðçùìäé) [pronouncd mhnahsh-shee] causing to forgt; dscndants of Manassh; and is translitratd Manassit, Manasshit gntilic singular adjctiv Strong s #4520 BDB # BDB: [This dsignation is] spcifically usd only of that half that livd ast of th Jordan. Translation:...and Golan in Bashan [which blongs] to [th trib of] Manassh. Golan blongs to Manassh. Th word usd hr to rfr to Manassh is gnrally applid only to th astrn half-trib of Manassh. Ptr Ptt: Th stablishing of ths citis of rfug was a dlibrat act which was a dclaration of Moss' crtainty that thy wr now hr in this land to stay. Thir purpos was prmannt and an official sal that thy wr in th land prmanntly. It was a rmindr also that thr was now law in th land (compar Dutronomy 1:15-17), for it was a rmindr of th pnalty for taking blood, and of God's mrcy to b shown to thos who only did so accidntally. So it puts th sal on his words and caps thm with a physical sal that can b sn by all. In thos citis of rfug th kingly rul of God has alrady bgun. If in th futur thy wr vr in doubt thy would b abl to look at ths citis of rfug and b rmindd of Moss' words at th tim that thy wr slctd and appointd, and 233 rcognis with gratitud that God has givn thm rfug too, rfug in th promisd land. 231 Trasury of Scriptural Knowldg; by Cann, Brown, Blayny, Scott, and othrs about 1880, with introduction by R. A. Torry; courtsy of E-sword, Dut. 4: Th Brown-Drivr-Briggs Hbrw and English Lxicon; courtsy of -sword; Strong s # From accssd May 13, 2015.

362 Dutronomy Chaptr Kil and Dlitzsch: Golan, in Bashan, according to Eusbius (s. v. Gaulon or Golan), was still a vry larg villag in Batanaa vn in his day, from which th district gnrally rcivd th nam of 234 Gaulonitis or Joan; but it has not yt bn discovrd again. Gill: all Bashan, th kingdom of Og, was givn to th half trib of Manassh, and out of it this city was 235 givn by thm to th Lvits, 1Chron. 6:71, and appointd a city of rfug. Trasury of Scriptural Knowldg: This city gav nam to th district of Gaulonitis, now calld Djolan, which compriss th plain to south of Djdour or Itura, and to th wst of Haouran. its southrn frontir is th Nahar Awird, by which it is sparatd from th district of Erbad, and th Shriat l Mandhour, which sparats it from th district of El Kfarat. on th wst it is limitd by th trritory 236 of Fik, and on th north wst by Djbl Hish, or mount Hrmon. Joshua 21:27; 1Chron. 6:71. Ptr Ptt: Bzr was mntiond on th Moabit ston of King Msha, but is not spcifically idntifiabl. Ramoth may wll b Tll Ramith btwn th Rivrs Yarmuk and Jabbok. Golan is not 237 idntifiabl with any crtainty. Vv rad: Moss thn st apart thr citis byond th Jordan ([in] th ast [at] th sun-rising), [so that] a manslayr, who has killd his nighbor unintntionally [whom] h has not hatd him prviously [might] fl thr. H may fl to on of ths citis and liv: Bzr [out] in th sparsly populatd rgion in th tablland, [which land blongs] to [th trib of] Rubn; Ramoth in Gilad, [which city blongs] to [th trib of] Gad; and Golan in Bashan [which blongs] to [th trib of] Manassh. Dr. Thomas Constabl: It may sm strang that Moss includd th rcord of his appointmnt of Bzr, Ramoth, and Golan as th thr citis of rfug ("saf towns," CEV) ast of th Jordan at this point in Dutronomy. H probably did so bcaus this important vnt took plac aftr his first addrss and bfor h dlivrd his scond spch. Th two and on-half tribs wr bginning to sttl in Transjordan, and thy ndd this information. Th inclusion of this historical incidnt also srvs a litrary function. It provids a kind of intrmission for th radr following th motional climax at th nd of th first addrss. It allows him or hr to rcovr from its strong impact bfor th nxt long addrss bgins. Dutronomy, as Lviticus and th othr books of Moss, is ssntially a narrativ documnt. Moss intrsprsd much lgal matrial in th narrativ of Lviticus, and h intrsprsd much srmonic matrial in th narrativ of Dutronomy. In both books thr is lss narrativ matrial than lgal or 238 srmonic matrial. Ptr Ptt: [God] gav thm an arnst of what was to b by th stting up of thr citis of rfug, th visibl sal of thir stablishmnt in that part of th land, and th guarant of what was to b in 239 th futur whn th scond st of citis of rfug would b st up (Dutronomy 4:41-43). I suggstd that this might b typical of th blivr who is saf in Christ. Clark cam to th sam conclusion: As th citis of rfug ar gnrally undrstood to b typs of th salvation providd by 234 Kil and Dlitzsch, Commntary on th Old Tstamnt; from -Sword; Dut. 4: Dr. John Gill, John Gill s Exposition of th Entir Bibl; from -Sword, Dut. 4: Trasury of Scriptural Knowldg; by Cann, Brown, Blayny, Scott, and othrs about 1880, with introduction by R. A. Torry; courtsy of E-sword, Dut. 4: From accssd May 13, From accssd May 15, From accssd May 13, 2015.

363 5687 Th Book of Dutronomy Christ for sinnrs; so thir nams hav bn thought to xprss som attribut of th Rdmr of 240 mankind. Gill: Now as ths citis wr typical of Christ, thr may b somthing obsrvd in th nams of thm as agring with Him. Gill, on How Ths Citis Wr Typical of Jsus Christ City/Maning "Bzr" signifis "a fortifid plac" "Ramoth" signifis "xaltations" "Golan" signifis "rvald" or" manifstd" Rlatd to Jsus Christ Christ is th fortrss, mountain, and plac of dfnc for his popl, and strong hold to which th prisonrs of hop turn, th strong towr whithr th rightous run and ar saf. This may point both at th xaltation of Christ in human natur at th right hand of God, and th xaltation of his popl by him, who ar raisd by him from a low stat to sit among princs, and to inhrit th thron of glory, and by whom h is xaltd in his prson, offic, and grac. And so Christ has bn manifst in th flsh, and is rvald to sinnrs, whn thy ar calld by his grac; to whom thy fl for rfug, and lay hold on him, th hop st bfor thm. It should b obvious that Moss, th human author of Dutronomy, did not hav all of this in mind whn organizing ths citis. Howvr, th Divin Author may hav. From Dr. John Gill, John Gill s Exposition of th Entir Bibl; from -Sword, Dut. 4:43 (slightly ditd). Chaptr Outlin Charts, Graphics and Short Doctrins You hav no doubt hard of a trial bing movd to anothr vnu; particularly whn thr is a lot of prjudgmnt which has occurrd whr th crim took plac. Ths citis of rfug ssntially mov a trial to anothr vnu, whr thr is lss motional involvmnt with th crim of manslaughtr. So again, a concpt which is a part of our own judicial systm, but from 4000 yars ago. Each of th thr tribs had a city of rfug within thir bordrs; a plac for on who is guilty of unintntional manslaughtr to fl to in ordr to rciv an impartial rndring of a dcision. According to Barns Nots, th land of th plain could b rndrd as a propr noun, land of th Mishor, du to th dfinit articl (found hr and Dut. 3:10 and Joshua 13:9). This is th flat land running from Jricho far into Arabia, which was quit a contrast to th mor ruggd land wst of th Jordan and th mountainous ara north of thr around Bashan. According to th NIV Study Bibl, Bzr was about 20 mils ast of th northwst(northast?) cornr of th Salt Sa; Barns' Nots indicats a grat dal of uncrtainty concrning its location. Golan is ast of th Sa of Galil. Thr is on mor vry important concpt hr, and that is th location and contnt of this information. This tlls us that this portion of th Word of God is logically placd right hr in Dutronomy, bfor th Isralits cross ovr th Jordan and tak th wstrn trritory. All intrnal vidnc points to this short sction as bing accuratly and logically placd. Moss is ast of th Jordan; h is still in charg; and h can mak ths kinds of dcisions. At th sam tim, th citis of rfug wst of th Jordan and th rlationship to th Lvits is mor logically placd lswhr, aftr Joshua conqurs wstrn Palstin. So, God may hav rquird this to b don back in th book of Numbrs, but it cannot b don wst of th Jordan until th taking of th land has bn compltd. So, it maks prfct sns that Moss sts up 3 citis with this in mind in th land which was conqurd. Joshua, many yars latr, will st up 6 citis. Thr would b no contradiction if h sts up diffrnt citis in th ast than Moss dos bcaus, it will b 10+ yars latr and Joshua is in charg (and Moss is dad, of cours). 240 Adam Clark, Commntary on th Bibl; from -Sword, Dut. 4:43.

364 Dutronomy Chaptr My point is, thr is no rason to think that various sctions of Dutronomy (or othr parts of th books of Moss) wr just haphazardly and randomly thrown togthr, from a varity of sourcs, only to b latr wovn into a smicohsiv narrativ. That is known as Documntary Hypothsis (also known as th JEPD thory), which is found xtnsivly in rsourc matrial lik th Cambridg Bibl Commntary. It is a misguidd thory, originally basd upon som faulty prmiss (that Moss livd during a tim whn thr was no writing in his ara). Th prmis of this thory has bn dbunkd; yt th rsulting thory continus on, dcads latr. Chaptr Outlin Charts, Graphics and Short Doctrins Introduction to th Taching of th Law to th Gnration of Promis Evn though this sction of Dut. 4 rally blongs with Dut. 5, I will kp th xgsis hr, as is my custom. 241 Th qustion is, dos this passag look forward to Dut. 5 and following, or is this givn in th sns, What you 242 hav just rad is th Law which Moss st bfor th sons of Isral. This is apparntly not obvious, as th two footnots indicat. Ths ar not th only two options. This could possibly look forward and backward as wll. Dr. Thomas Constabl: Ths vrss ar similar to Dutronomy 1:4-5. Thy summariz and introduc with historical rfrncs what follows. In a largr sns ths vrss summariz all of 243 chaptrs 1-3. Ths vrss contain narration about Moss, not a discours by Moss. From Dr. Thomas Constabl s commntary: "This addrss, which is dscribd in th hading as th law which Moss st bfor th Isralits, commncs with a rptition of th dcalogu, and a notic of th powrful imprssion which was mad, through th proclamation of it by God Himslf, upon th popl who wr assmbld round Him at Horb (chap. v). In th first and mor gnral part, it shows that th tru ssnc of th law, and of that rightousnss which th Isralits wr to striv aftr, consistd in loving Jhovah thir God with all thir hart (chap. vi); that th popl wr bound, by virtu of thir lction as th Lord's popl of possssion, to xtrminat th Canaanits with thir idolatrous worship, in ordr to rjoic in th blssing of God (chap. vii.); but mor spcially that, having rgard on th on hand to th divin chastismnt and humiliation which thy had xprincd in th dsrt (chap. viii.), and on th othr hand to th frquncy with which thy had rblld against thir God (chap. ix. 1-x. 11), thy wr to bwar of slf-xaltation and slf-rightousnss, that in th land of Canaan, of which thy wr about to tak possssion, thy might not forgt thir God whn njoying th rich productions of th land, but might rtain th blssings of thir God for vr by a faithful obsrvanc of th covnant (chap. x. 12-xi. 32). Thn aftr this thr follows an xposition of 244 th diffrnt commandmnts of th law (chap. xii.-xxvi.)." [Not: Kil and Dlitzsch, 3:318.]. If I was dividing up th chaptrs, I would hav placd this with Dut. 5. Dut. 4:44 49 appar to b th prlud nd to th 2 srmon by Moss, which is th lngthist (Dut. 5:1 26:19). This appars to b almost th univrsal opinion of commntators. For this rason, it maks far mor sns for this sction to b at th bginning of Dut. 5 than at th nd of Dut. 4. Ellicott: Th whol passag (Dutronomy 4:44-49) may b ditorial, and addd by Joshua in Canaan. 245 But thr is no ncssity for this viw. 241 As pr th NLT; s accssd April 10, Th NCV appars to look backwards. S accssd April 10, From accssd May 15, From accssd May 15, From accssd May 10, 2015.

365 5689 Th Book of Dutronomy Ptr Ptt: Ths words (Dutronomy 4:44-49) may hav bn writtn by Joshua as an introduction to Moss' words from hr to Dutronomy 29:1, although Moss could asily hav writtn thm himslf. Thy tll us that ths chaptrs will giv th instruction (torah) of Moss, th tstimonis (dclarations), statuts (writtn laws/fixd laws) and ordinancs (judgmnts and covnant rquirmnts) that h now xpounds in th vally of Baal-por. Not that th vry Baal-por that had bn so disastrous to Isral (Numbrs 25:1-5), was now to b a sourc of grat blssing, a blssing which w can vn participat in today by a study of this book. Th incidnt of Baal-por had bn 246 dalt with, punishd, clansd and rmovd, and Yahwh is bginning with thm again. Schultz: "Tstimonis dnotd covnant stipulations. Statuts wr laws that wr writtn down or inscribd on som suitabl mdium. Ordinancs wr th dcisions of a judg." [Not: Schultz, p ]. Th ESV; capitalizd was usd blow. Th Two Introductions/Compar and Contrast Dutronomy 1:1 5 Dutronomy 4:44 49 Ths ar th words that Moss spok to all Isral byond th Jordan in th wildrnss, in th Arabah opposit Suph, btwn Paran and Tophl, Laban, Hazroth, and Dizahab. It is lvn days' journy from Horb by th way of Mount Sir to Kadsh-barna. In th fortith yar, on th first day of th lvnth month, Moss spok to th popl of Isral according to all that th LORD had givn him in commandmnt to thm, aftr h had dfatd Sihon th king of th Amorits, who livd in Hshbon, and Og th king of Bashan, who livd in Ashtaroth and in Edri. Byond th Jordan, in th land of Moab, Moss undrtook to xplain this law, saying,... Emphasis on th words that Moss spok. Th xact dat is givn. This is th law that Moss st bfor th popl of Isral. Ths ar th tstimonis, th statuts, and th ruls, which Moss spok to th popl of Isral whn thy cam out of Egypt, byond th Jordan in th vally opposit Bth-por, in th land of Sihon th king of th Amorits, who livd at Hshbon, whom Moss and th popl of Isral dfatd whn thy cam out of Egypt. And thy took possssion of his land and th land of Og, th king of Bashan, th two kings of th Amorits, who livd to th ast byond th Jordan; from Aror, which is on th dg of th Vally of th Arnon, as far as Mount Sirion (that is, Hrmon), togthr with all th Arabah on th ast sid of th Jordan as far as th Sa of th Arabah, undr th slops of Pisgah. Emphasis on th law that Moss st forth bfor th popl...[along with] th tstimonis, th statuts and th judicial vrdicts. Thr is no dat givn. Intrstingly nough, both introductions mntion Sihon and Og, th kings who opposd Isral outright ast of th Jordan Rivr. Emphasis upon th plac whr Moss was whn spaking to th popl. In th first srmon, Moss gos ovr a numbr of rcnt and not-so-rcnt historical vnts that th popl all xprincd. Emphasis upon th land which Isral took from th two kings. In th scond srmon, Moss dals with a grat many laws (bginning with th Tn Commandmnts), as wll as history. It is difficult to dtrmin whthr th authors (if thr ar two hr) wr awar of th introduction offrd by th othr author. Looking at thm sid-by-sid suggsts to m that Dut. 1:1 5 introducs Moss first srmon that that Dut. 4:44 49 introducs his scond srmon (which is far lngthir) From accssd May 13, From accssd May 15, 2015.

366 Dutronomy Chaptr I am not sur, yt, what ths diffrncs and similaritis tll us. Chaptr Outlin Charts, Graphics and Short Doctrins Kil and Dlitzsch provid a good introduction to this final sction. nd Kil and Dlitzsch St th Stag for Moss 2 Addrss with Dutronomy 4:44 49 Announcmnt of th Discours upon th Law. First of all, in Dut. 4:44, w hav th gnral notic in th form of a hading: This is th Thorah which Moss st bfor th childrn of Isral; and thn, in Dut. 4:45, Dut. 4:46, a fullr dscription of th Thorah according to its lading faturs, tstimonis, statuts, and rights (s at Dut. 4:1), togthr with a notic of th plac and tim at which Moss dlivrd this addrss. On thir coming out of Egypt, i.., not aftr thy had com out, but during th march, bfor thy had rachd th goal of thir journyings, viz., (Dut. 4:46) whn thy wr still on th othr sid of th Jordan. In th vally, as in Dut. 3:29. In th land of Sihon, and thrfor alrady upon ground which th Lord had givn thm for a possssion. Th importanc of this possssion as th first fruit and pldg of th fulfilmnt of th furthr promiss of God, ld Moss to mntion again, though brifly, th dfat of th two kings of th Amorits, togthr with th conqust of thir land, just as h had don bfor in Dut. 2:32 36 and 3:1 17. On Dut. 4:48, cf. Dut. 3:9, Dut. 3: Kil and Dlitzsch, Commntary on th Old Tstamnt; from -Sword; Dut. 4: Chaptr Outlin Charts, Graphics and Short Doctrins Th division of chaptrs in th Bibl is not inspird by God. Th sparation of th Bibl into chaptrs and vrss occurrd long aftr th canon had bn compltd. What Stwart prsnts is a fairly simplifid xplanation; and thr ar som disagrmnts whn th who and th whn. Howvr, that this occurrd roughly at this tim that sms to b a univrsal agrmnt among Biblical scholars. Don Stwart on Chaptr and Vrs Divisions Whn th books of th Bibl wr originally writtn thr wr no such things as chaptrs or vrss. Each book was writtn without any braks from th bginning to th nd. Thy Hav Bn Dividd For Convninc Th chaptr and vrs divisions wr addd to th Bibl for th sak of convninc. Thr is no authoritativ basis for th divisions w now find. Th Chaptrs Addd In Th Thirtnth Cntury A man namd Stphn Langton dividd th Bibl into chaptrs in th yar A.D Langton was a profssor at th Univrsity of Paris and latr h bcam th Archbishop of Cantrbury. Th Vrss Wr Addd In Th Sixtnth Cntury Robrt Stphanus (Stphns), a Frnch printr, dividd th vrss for his Grk Nw Tstamnt. It was publishd in Th First Bibl With Chaptr And Vrs Divisions Th first ntir Bibl in which ths chaptr and vrs divisions wr usd was Stphn's dition of th Latin Vulgat (1555). Th first English Nw Tstamnt to hav both chaptr and vrs divisions was th Gnva Bibl (1560). Fortunatly Jwish scholars hav followd th way of dividing th Hbrw Scriptur into chaptrs and vrss. Thy Ar Hlpful For Rfrnc And Quotation Th chaptr and vrs divisions ar convnint for rfrnc and quotation purposs. Thy mak it asir to find crtain statmnts and accounts in Scriptur. Yt th chaptr and vrs divisions can caus a numbr of problms.

367 5691 Th Book of Dutronomy Don Stwart on Chaptr and Vrs Divisions Thy Ar Human-Mad It must always b rmmbrd that th divisions into chaptrs and vrss ar human-mad. Thy ar somtims arbitrary, and thy somtims intrfr with th sns of th passag. Th first stp in Bibl intrprtation is to ignor th modrn chaptr and vrs divisions. Chaptr Divisions Can Caus Problms Th divisions into chaptrs and vrss can actually caus som problms. Thr ar instancs whr chaptrs ar wrongly dividd. For xampl, th nd of Matthw chaptr 16 should actually b placd with th bginning of Matthw 17. Jsus said. I tll you th truth, som who ar standing hr will not tast dath bfor thy s th Son of Man coming in his kingdom (Matthw 16:28). Th nxt vrs rads. Aftr six days Jsus took with him Ptr, Jams and John th brothr of Jams, and ld thm up a high mountain by thmslvs (Matthw 17:1). This vrs should hav bn in th sam chaptr as th prvious vrs sinc it is continuing th story. Th Vrs Divisions Also Can Caus Problms Dividing th Bibl into vrss can also giv th opinion that th Scriptur consists of a numbr or maxims or wis sayings. For xampl, Paul wrot to th Colossians. Do not handl! Do not tast! Do not touch! (Colossians 2:21). This vrs givs th imprssion that Scriptur ncourags som typ of physical slf-dnial. Yt just th opposit is tru. In contxt, Paul is actually taching against this typ of bhavior. This vrs prvious to this rads as follows. Sinc you did with Christ to th basic principls of this world, why, as though you still blongd to it, do you submit to its ruls (Colossians 2:22). Thrfor, this on vrs, rad on its own, givs th wrong imprssion of th biblical taching. This is on of th problms with th Bibl dividd into vrss - popl will isolat th vrss from th rst of th contxt. This Is Not What th Authors Intndd Th original authors of Scriptur did not intnd that thir writings b dividd up into chaptrs or vrss. Thy intndd that th books b rad straight through from th bginning. A numbr of th books of Scriptur can b rad through in on sitting. This is th bst way to discovr what th author is trying to say. Dividing up th Scriptur into chaptrs and vrss ncourags popl to rad only small parts at a tim. This is not always hlpful. Summary In th original txt of th various books of th Bibl thr ar no such things as chaptr and vrs divisions. Thy wr addd latr for th sak of convninc. Whil thy ar hlpful, thy ar not authoritativ in any sns of th trm. In fact, thy can caus a numbr of problms. Chaptr and vrs divisions giv th imprssion that th Scriptur should b rad and studid in bits and pics. This is not what th original authors intndd. Th ntir contxt must always b considrd. Consquntly th chaptr and vrs divisions should b ignord whn on attmpts to proprly intrprt th ntir mssag of Scriptur. From accssd May 18, 2015 (slightly ditd). Chaptr Outlin Charts, Graphics and Short Doctrins

368 Dutronomy Chaptr Ptt: This initial introduction in Dutronomy 4:45-49 may wll indicat th bginning of a nw tablt, providing an xplanation of what is on it. It can b compard with Dutronomy 1:1-5. It also sts th scn for what is to follow, rminding th radr that Isral wr now in possssion of th xtnsiv lands of two Amorit kings which wr thir prmannt possssion. Ptr Ptt Summarizs Dutronomy 4:44 49 A dclaration that Moss is about to prsnt th tstimonis and statuts and judgmnts (ordinancs) which h spok to th childrn of Isral `whn thy cam out of Egypt' (Dutronomy 4:45). That this was in Byond Jordan (astward) in th vally opposit Bth-por, in th land of Sihon, king of th Amorits whom Moss and his popl had smittn `whn thy cam out of Egypt' (Dutronomy 4:46). For thy had takn his (Sihon's) land in possssion togthr with th land of Og, king of Bashan, who wr th two kings of th Amorits in Byond Jordan Eastward (Dutronomy 4:47). This land xtndd from Aror on th dg of th vally of Arnon (th southrn bordr, and northrn bordr of Moab) vn to Mount Hrmon (in th north) including all th Arabah (th Jordan rift vally) in Byond Jordan astward, down to th sa of Arabah blow th slops of Th Pisgah (th Dad Sa) (Dutronomy 4:48). From accssd May 13, Chaptr Outlin Charts, Graphics and Short Doctrins And this [is] th torah which st Moss to facs of sons of Isral. Ths [ar] th tstimonis and th statuts and th ordinancs which spok Moss unto sons of Isral in thir coming out from Egypt, in byond th Jordan in th vally opposit Bth-por in a land of Sihon, king of th Amorit, who is living in Hshbon whom dfatd Moss and sons of Isral in thir Dutronomy coming out from Egypt. And so thy tak 4:44 49 possssion of his land and a land of Og, a king of th Bashan, two kings of th Amorit who [ar] in byond th Jordan ast a sun from Aror who is upon a lip of a vally of Arnon and as far as Mount Sirion h [is] Hrmon. And all th Arabah sids of th Jordan astward and as far as a Sa of th Arabah undr slops of th Pisgah. This is th Law which Moss st bfor th sons of Isral. Ths [ar] th tstimonis and th statuts and th judicial vrdicts which Moss spok to th sons of Isral whn thy cam out of Egypt. [H spok ths things] byond th Jordan, in th vally opposit Bth-por, in th land of Sihon ([who was] th king of th Amorits, who livd in Hshbon, who Moss and th sons of Isral dfatd whn thy cam out of Egypt). Th Isralits [lit., thy] took possssion of his land, along with th land of Og (th king of Bashan). [Ths wr] two Amorit kings who [wr] byond th Jordan, to th ast (whr th sun riss), from Aror, which is on th dg of th vally of Arnon and wnt as far as Mount Sirion (which [is Mount] Hrmon). [This includs] all of th Arabah ast of th Jordan, [going] as far as th Sa of th Arabah, undr th slops of Pisgah. What follows will b th Torah that Moss put bfor th childrn of Isral. Ths ar th tstimonis, th statuts and th judicial vrdicts which Moss had originally prsntd to thm whn thy cam out of Egypt. Moss rtaught ths things ast of th Jordan Rivr, in th vally which is opposit Bth-por, in th land that prviously blongd to Sihon (h was th king of th Amorits who livd in Hshbon and who was dfatd by Moss and th Isralits whn thy cam out of Egypt). Thy took possssion of his land, along with th land of Og (who was th lat king of Bashan). Ths two Amorits kings prsidd ovr land that was ast of th Jordan, from Aror, which is on th dg of th vally of Arnon, with thir boundaris xtnding as far as Mount Sirion (which w know as Mount Hrmon). This includs all of th vally ast of th Jordan, around th Dad Sa, and blow th slops of Pisgah.

369 5693 Th Book of Dutronomy Hr is how othrs hav translatd this vrs: Ancint txts: Masortic Txt (Hbrw) Targum of Onklos Latin Vulgat Pshitta (Syriac) Sptuagint (Grk) And this [is] th torah which st Moss to facs of sons of Isral. Ths [ar] th tstimonis and th statuts and th ordinancs which spok Moss unto sons of Isral in thir coming out from Egypt, in byond th Jordan in th vally opposit Bth-por in a land of Sihon, king of th Amorit, who is living in Hshbon whom dfatd Moss and sons of Isral in thir coming out from Egypt. And so thy tak possssion of his land and a land of Og, a king of th Bashan, two kings of th Amorit who [ar] in byond th Jordan ast a sun from Aror who is upon a lip of a vally of Arnon and as far as Mount Sirion h [is] Hrmon. And all th Arabah sids of th Jordan astward and as far as a Sa of th Arabah undr slops of th Pisgah. This is th dclaration of th law which Moshh st in ordr bfor th sons of Isral [JERUSALEM. This is th dclaration of th law which Moshh st bfor th sons of Isral,] and th statuts and judgmnts which Moshh spak with th sons of Isral at th tim whn thy had com out of Mizraim. And Moshh dlivrd thm byond Jordan ovr against Bth Por, in th land of Sihon king of th Amora, who dwlt in Hshbon, whom Moshb and th sons of Isral smot whn th had com out of Mizraim. And thy took possssion of his land and th land of Og, king of Mathnan, th two kings of th Amora, who wr byond th Jordan, astward, from Aror on th bank of th rivr Arnon to th mountain of Saion, which is th Snowy Mount; [JERUSALEM. From Lchaiath, on th sid of th rivr Arnona, unto th mountain whos fruits ar dlivrd, which is th Snowy Mount;] and all th plain byond Jordan, astward, unto th sa that is in th plain undr th spring of th hights. This is th law, that Moss st bfor th childrn of Isral, And ths ar th tstimonis and crmonis and judgmnts, which h spok to th childrn of Isral, whn thy cam out of Egypt, Byond th Jordan in th vally ovr against th tmpl of Phogor, in th land of Shon king of th Amorrhits, that dwlt in Hsbon, whom Moss slw. And th childrn of Isral coming out of Egypt, Possssd his land, and th land of Og king of Basan, of th two kings of th Amorrhits, who wr byond th Jordan towards th rising of th sun: From Aror, which is situatd upon th bank of th torrnt Arnon, unto mount Sion, which is also calld Hrmon, All th plain byond th Jordan at th ast sid, unto th sa of th wildrnss, and unto th foot of mount Phasga. This is th law which Moss st bfor th childrn of Isral; Ths ar th tstimonis, th statuts, and th judgmnts which Moss spok to th childrn of Isral aftr thy cam forth out of Egypt, On this sid of th Jordan, in th vally ovr against Bth-por, in th land of Sihon king of th Amorits, who dwlt in Hshbon, whom Moss and th childrn of Isral slw whn thy cam out of Egypt; And thy possssd his land, and th land of Og king of Mathnin, two kings of th Amorits, who wr on this sid of Jordan toward th rising sun; From Ador, which is on th dg of th rivr Arnon, as far as mount Srion, which is Hrmon, And all th low dsrt on this sid of Jordan astward, as far as th sa of th plain which is at th foot of Ashdod and Pisgah. This is th law which Moss st bfor th childrn of Isral. Ths ar th tstimonis, and th statuts, and th judgmnts which Moss spok to th sons of Isral, whn thy cam out of th land of Egypt, on th othr sid of th Jordan, in th vally nar Bth Por, in th land of Sihon king of th Amorits, who dwlt in Hshbon, whom Moss and th sons of Isral killd whn thy cam out of th land of Egypt. And thy inhritd his land, and th land of Og king of Bashan, two kings of th Amorits, who wr byond th Jordan astward. From Ar, which is on th

370 Dutronomy Chaptr bordr of th brook Arnon, vn to Mount Zion, which is Hrmon. All Arabah byond th Jordan astward undr Asdoth hwn in th rock. Significant diffrncs: Thr is additional txt in th targum (as usual). Th targum is missing th word tstimonis. A fw phrass in, th Latin has a phras not found in th Hbrw. Limitd Vocabulary Translations: In on of th fw tims whr thr is substantiv diffrnc, th Grk has Mount Zion but it is Mount Sirion in th Hbrw. Bibl in Basic English Easy English Easy-to-Rad Vrsion Good Nws Bibl (TEV) This is th law which Moss put bfor th childrn of Isral: Ths ar th ruls and th laws and th dcisions which Moss gav to th childrn of Isral aftr thy cam out of Egypt; On th far sid of Jordan, in th vally facing Bth-por, in th land of Sihon, king of th Amorits, who was ruling in Hshbon, whom Moss and th childrn of Isral ovrcam aftr thy had com out of Egypt: And thy took his land for a hritag, and th land of Og, king of Bashan, th two kings of th Amorits, whos lands wr on th othr sid of Jordan to th ast; From Aror on th dg of th vally of th Arnon as far as Mount Sion, which is Hrmon, And all th Arabah on th far sid of Jordan to th ast, as far as th sa of th Arabah undr th slops of Pisgah. Moss tachs th Law to th Isralits. This is th Law that Moss xplaind to th Isralits. Ths ar th ruls, th dcrs and th commands. Moss xplaind thm to th Isralits whn thy lft Egypt. At that tim thy wr in th vally, nar to Bth-Por. That is ast of th Rivr Jordan. This was th country of Sihon, king of th Amorits. H ruld in Hshbon. Moss and th Isralits bat him whn thy cam out of Egypt. Thy marchd into his country, which thn bcam thir own country. Thy also marchd into th country of Og, king of Bashan. Ths two kings of th Amorits livd ast of th Rivr Jordan. This country was from Aror, on th dg of th Rivr Arnon, to Mount Sion (that is Mount Hrmon). This country includd all th land ast of th Rivr Jordan. To th south, it was to th Dad Sa and to Mount Pisgah. Moss gav God s law to th popl of Isral. Moss gav ths tachings, laws, and ruls to th popl aftr thy cam out of Egypt. Moss gav thm ths laws whil thy wr on th ast sid of th Jordan Rivr, in th vally across from Bth Por. Thy wr in th land of Sihon, th Amorit king that livd at Hshbon. (Moss and th popl of Isral had dfatd Sihon whn thy cam out of Egypt. Thy took Sihon s land to kp. Thy also took th land of Og, th king of Bashan. Ths two Amorit kings livd on th ast sid of th Jordan Rivr. This land gos from Aror on th dg of th Arnon Vally all th way to Mount Sirion [Or "Siyon."] (Mount Hrmon). This land also includd th whol Jordan Vally on th ast sid of th Jordan Rivr. To th south, this land rachd to th Dad Sa [Litrally, "Arabah Sa."]. To th ast, it rachd to th foot of Mount Pisgah.) Moss gav God's laws and tachings to th popl of Isral. It was aftr thy had com out of Egypt and wr in th vally ast of th Jordan Rivr, opposit th town of Bthpor, that h gav thm ths laws. This was in th trritory that had blongd to King Sihon of th Amorits, who had ruld in th town of Hshbon. Moss and th popl of Isral dfatd him whn thy cam out of Egypt. Thy occupid his land and th land of King Og of Bashan, th othr Amorit king who livd ast of th Jordan. This land xtndd from th town of Aror, on th dg of th Arnon Rivr, all th way north to Mount Sirion, that is, Mount Hrmon. It also includd all th rgion ast of th Jordan Rivr as far south as th Dad Sa and ast to th foot of Mount Pisgah.

371 5695 Th Book of Dutronomy Th Mssag Nams of God Bibl NIRV Nw Simplifid Bibl This is th Rvlation that Moss prsntd to th Popl of Isral. Ths ar th tstimonis, th ruls and rgulations Moss spok to th Popl of Isral aftr thir xodus from Egypt and arrival on th ast sid of th Jordan in th vally nar Bth Por. It was th country of Sihon king of th Amorits who ruld from Hshbon. Moss and th Popl of Isral fought and bat him aftr thy lft Egypt and took his land. Thy also took th land of Og king of Bashan. Th two Amorit kings hld th country on th ast of th Jordan from Aror on th bank of th Brook Arnon as far north as Mount Siyon, that is, Mount Hrmon, all th Arabah plain ast of th Jordan, and as far south as th Sa of th Arabah (th Dad Sa) bnath th slops of Mount Pisgah. Introduction to Moss' Tachings This is what Moss taught th popl of Isral. Ths ar th commandmnts, laws, and ruls Moss gav th Isralits aftr thy had lft Egypt. H gav ths to th popl whn thy wr ast of th Jordan Rivr in th vally nar Bth Por, in th land of King Sihon of th Amorits, who ruld in Hshbon. Moss and Isral dfatd him aftr thy lft Egypt. Thy took possssion of his land and th land of King Og of Bashan, th two kings of th Amorits who wr ast of th Jordan Rivr. This land wnt from Aror on th dg of th Arnon Vally to Mount Siyon (that is, Mount Hrmon). It includd all th plains on th ast sid of th Jordan Rivr as far as th Dad Sa at th foot of th slops of Mount Pisgah. Moss Givs th Law to Isral Hr is th law Moss gav th Isralits. Hr ar its trms, ruls and laws. Moss gav thm to th popl whn thy cam out of Egypt. Thy wr now ast of th Jordan Rivr in th vally nar Bth Por. Thy wr in th land of Sihon, th king of th Amorits. H ruld in Hshbon. But Moss and th Isralits won th battl ovr him aftr w cam out of Egypt. Thy capturd his land and mad it thir own. Thy also took th land of Og, th king of Bashan. Sihon and Og wr th two Amorit kings ast of th Jordan Rivr. Thir land rachd from Aror on th rim of th Arnon Rivr vally to Mount Hrmon. It includd th whol Arabah Vally ast of th Jordan. It includd land all th way to th Dad Sa blow th slops of Pisgah. Moss gav God's Laws and tachings to th popl of Isral. Aftr thy cam out of Egypt thy wr in th vally ast of th Jordan Rivr h gav thm th laws. Thy wr nar th town of Bthpor. This was in th trritory that had blongd to King Sihon of th Amorits, who had ruld in th town of Hshbon. Moss and th popl of Isral dfatd him whn thy cam out of Egypt. Thy occupid his land and th land of King Og of Bashan, th othr Amorit king who livd ast of th Jordan. This land xtndd from th town of Aror, on th dg of th Arnon Rivr, north to Mount Sirion, that is, Mount Hrmon. It includd th rgion ast of th Jordan Rivr as far south as th Dad Sa and ast to th foot of Mount Pisgah. Thought-for-thought translations; paraphrass: Common English Bibl Th scond hading: Rcounting th Horb covnant Now this is th Instruction that Moss st bfor th Isralits. Ths ar th laws and th rgulations and th cas laws that Moss spok to th Isralits whn thy cam out of Egypt. This took plac across th Jordan Rivr, in th vally opposit Bth-por, in th land of Sihon th Amorit king who ruld in Hshbon, whom Moss and th Isralits dfatd whn thy cam out of Egypt. Thy took possssion of his land and th land of Og, Bashan's king-th two Amorit kings across th Jordan Rivr to th ast- from Aror, which is on th banks of th Arnon Rivr, all th way to Mount Sion [Syr Sirion; s 3:9.], also known as Hrmon, and all th dsrt rgions across th Jordan Rivr, on th ast, down to th Dad Sa, bnath th slops of Mount Pisgah.

372 Dutronomy Chaptr Contmporary English V. Th Living Bibl Nw Cntury Vrsion Nw Lif Vrsion Nw Living Translation Th Isralits had com from Egypt and wr campd ast of th Jordan Rivr nar Bth-Por, whn Moss gav ths laws and tachings. Th land around thir camp had onc blongd to King Sihon of Hshbon. But Moss and th Isralits dfatd him and King Og of Bashan, and took thir lands. Ths two Amorit kings had ruld th trritory ast of th Jordan Rivr from th town of Aror on th dg of th Arnon Rivr gorg, north to Mount Hrmon. Thir land includd th astrn sid of th Jordan Rivr vally, as far south as th Dad Sa blow th slops of Mount Pisgah. Listd blow ar th laws Moss issud to th popl of Isral whn thy lft Egypt, and as thy wr campd ast of th Jordan Rivr nar th city of Bth-por. (This was th land formrly occupid by th Amorits undr King Sihon, whos capital was Hshbon; h and his popl wr dstroyd by Moss and th Isralis. Isral conqurd his land and that of King Og of Bashan-thy wr two Amorit kings ast of th Jordan. Isral also conqurd all th ara from Aror at th dg of th Arnon Rivr Vally to Mount Sirion, or Mount Hrmon, as it is somtims calld; and all th Arabah ast of th Jordan Rivr ovr to th Dad Sa, blow th slops of Mount Pisgah.) Th Laws Moss Gav Ths ar th tachings Moss gav to th popl of Isral. Thy ar th ruls, commands, and laws h gav thm whn thy cam out of Egypt. Thy wr in th vally nar Bth Por, ast of th Jordan Rivr, in th land of Sihon. Sihon king of th Amorits ruld in Hshbon and was dfatd by Moss and th Isralits as thy cam out of Egypt. Th Isralits took his land and th land of Og king of Bashan, th two Amorit kings ast of th Jordan Rivr. This land wnt from Aror, on th dg of th Arnon Ravin, to Mount Hrmon. It includd all th Jordan Vally ast of th Jordan Rivr, and it wnt as far as th Dad Sa blow Mount Pisgah. This is th Law which Moss gav to th childrn of Isral. Ths ar th Laws which Moss spok to th childrn of Isral whn thy cam out of Egypt. Thy wr on th othr sid of th Jordan, in th vally bsid Bth-por, in th land of Sihon, king of th Amorits who livd at Hshbon. Moss and th sons of Isral won th war against him whn thy cam out of Egypt. Thy took for thir own his land and th land of Og king of Bashan, th two kings of th Amorits, ast of th Jordan, from Aror bsid th vally of Arnon, as far as Mount Sion (that is, Hrmon). Thy took all th Arabah ast of th Jordan, as far as th sa of th Arabah at th bottom of th hills of Pisgah. Introduction to Moss' Scond Addrss This is th body of instruction that Moss prsntd to th Isralits. Ths ar th laws, dcrs, and rgulations that Moss gav to th popl of Isral whn thy lft Egypt, and as thy campd in th vally nar Bth-por ast of th Jordan Rivr. (This land was formrly occupid by th Amorits undr King Sihon, who ruld from Hshbon. But Moss and th Isralits dstroyd him and his popl whn thy cam up from Egypt. Isral took possssion of his land and that of King Og of Bashan-th two Amorit kings ast of th Jordan. So Isral conqurd th ntir ara from Aror at th dg of th Arnon Gorg all th way to Mount Sirion [As in Syriac vrsion (s also 3:9); Hbrw rads Mount Sion.], also calld Mount Hrmon. And thy conqurd th astrn bank of th Jordan Rivr as far south as th Dad Sa [Hbrw took th Arabah on th ast sid of th Jordan as far as th sa of th Arabah], blow th slops of Pisgah.) Partially litral and partially paraphrasd translations: Amrican English Bibl Ths wr th laws that Moss laid out bfor th childrn of IsraEl. 45 thy ar th tstimonis, ruls, and dcisions that Moss told th sons of IsraEl aftr thy

373 5697 Th Book of Dutronomy lft Egypt, whil thy wr on th othr sid of th JorDan in th vally nar th hous of Phogor in th land of Son (th king of th Amorits who livd in Hsh-Ebonh), and who Moss and th sons of IsraEl dstroyd. So thy inhritd this land. th land of Og (th king of BaShan) and of th two Amorit kings, ast of th JorDan from AroEr (which bordrs th Arnon Wadi) to Mount Son (or Hrmon), all th plains from th JorDan ast and down to [Mount Pisgah]. Bck s Amrican Translation Introduction to th Commandmnts And hr is th taching Moss put bfor Isral. Ths ar th solmn statmnts, laws, and rgulations Moss spok to Isral aftr thy had lft Egypt, and of th Jordan in th vally nar Bth-por, in th land of Sihon, king of th Amorits, who livs in Hshbon, whom Moss and Isral dfatd aftr thy had lft Egypt. Thy took his land and th land of Og, king of Bashan, th two kings of th Amorits on th ast sid of th Jordan, from Aror, which is on th dg of th Arnon vally, till Mount Sirion, which is Hrmon, and all th Jordan vally ast of th rivr as far as th lak in th vally at th foot of th slops of Pisgah. Intrnational Standard V Moss Rviws th Law This is th Law that Moss rviwd in th prsnc of th Isralis. Ths ar th instructions, dcrs, and ordinancs that Moss dclard to th Isralis whn thy cam out of Egypt. H did this [Th Hb. lacks H did this] ast of th Jordan, in th vally opposit Bth Por, in th land of Sihon, king of th Amorits, who livd in Hshbon, and whom Moss and th Isralis dfatd aftr laving Egypt. So thy took possssion of his land, as wll as th land of King Og of Bashan. Both Amorit kings livd ast of th Jordan- from Aror on th dg of th Wadi [i.. a sasonal stram or rivr that channls watr during rain sasons but is dry at othr tims] Arnon as far as Mount Sirion [MT rads Sion; cf. Dut 3:9], which is also calld Hrmon, and all th Arabah ast of th Jordan as far as th Dad Sa [Lit. th Sa of th Arabah] blow th slops of Pisgah. Nw Advnt (Knox) Bibl Hr follows th law which Moss proclaimd to th sons of Isral; 45 ths ar th commandmnts and dcrs and awards h gav to th Isralits that had marchd with him out of Egypt. It was byond Jordan that h gav thm, opposit th shrin of Phogor, in th country that onc blongd to th Amorrhit king Shon, who rignd in Hsbon. But now Moss had dfatd him, and th sons of Isral, coming back from Egypt, had ovrrun both his trritory and th trritory of Og, king of Basan. Ths wr th two Amorrhit kings that rignd ast of th Jordan, from Aror, on th banks of Arnon, to th hill of Sion, that is, of Hrmon [In th Hbrw, this hill of Sion in th Hrmon rang is distinguishd from mount Sion at Jrusalm by a diffrnt initial lttr.]; ruld all ovr th plain that lis ast of Jordan, down to th Dsrt Sa and th spurs of mount Phasga. Today s NIV Introduction to th Law This is th law Moss st bfor th Isralits. Ths ar th stipulations, dcrs and laws Moss gav thm whn thy cam out of Egypt and wr in th vally nar Bth Por ast of th Jordan, in th land of Sihon king of th Amorits, who rignd in Hshbon and was dfatd by Moss and th Isralits as thy cam out of Egypt. Thy took possssion of his land and th land of Og king of Bashan, th two Amorit kings ast of th Jordan. This land xtndd from Aror on th rim of th Arnon Gorg to Mount Sirion (that is, Hrmon), and includd all th Arabah ast of th Jordan, as far as th Dad Sa, blow th slops of Pisgah. Translation for Translators Whr Moss gav thm God's laws Moss/I gav God's laws to th Israli popl. Thy includd all th ruls and instructions and commands that Moss/I gav to thm, aftr thy/w had com out of Egypt, whn thy/w wr in th vally ast of th Jordan Rivr. Thy/W wr across from Bth-Por town, in th land that prviously was ruld by Sihon, th king of th Amor popl-group, who livd in Hshbon city. Moss/I and th othr Isralis

374 Dutronomy Chaptr had dfatd his army whn thy/w cam out of Egypt. Thy/W capturd Sihon's land and th land that Og, th king of th Bashan rgion, ruld. Thy wr th two kings who ruld th Amor popl-group in th ara ast of th Jordan Rivr. Thir land xtndd from Aror town in th south along th Arnon Rivr, as far north as Sirion Mountain, which most popl call Hrmon Mountain. It also includd all th ara ast of th Jordan Rivr Vally, all th way south to th Dad Sa and ast to th slops of Pisgah Mountain. Mostly litral rndrings (with som occasional paraphrasing): Ancint Roots Translinar Frrar-Fnton Bibl Jubil Bibl 2000 Lxham English Bibl This Torah Moss st in front of th sons of Isral. Ths ar th tstimonis, dcrs, and vrdicts which Moss spok to th sons of Isral, procding from Egypt, across th Jordan, in th vally ara of th hous of Por, in th land of King Sihon of North-Jordan, that dwlld in Hsban, that Moss and th sons of Isral smot procding from Egypt. Thy possssd his land in North-Jordan, and th land of King Og of South-Syria, th two kings across th Jordan to th sun's sunrising. From Aror, ovr th lip of th Arnon rivrbd, unto Mount Siyon (it is Hrmon), and all th plains across th Jordan to th sunris, unto th sa of th plain, undr th slops of Pisgah. Th following ar also Constitutional Enactmnts, and Dcrs, which Moss dictatd to th childrn of Isral at thir coming out from th Mitzraim. at th ford of th Jordan, in th vally opposit Bth-por, in th country of Sihon, king of th Amorits, who rsidd in Hshbon, whom Moss and th childrn of Isral dfatd upon thir coming out from th Mitzraim, whn thy sizd his country, and th country of Og, king of Bashan, both kings of th Amorits. who wr byond th Jordan, toward th rising of th sun, xtnding from Aroar, which is upon th bank of th rivr Arnon, to th Hill of Shian, - that is Hrmon, - and all th plain byond th Jordan towards th sun-ris, and to th Sa of th Plain, blow th ft of Pisgah.). And this is th law which Moss st bfor th sons of Isral. Ths ar th tstimonis and th statuts and th rights, which Moss spok unto th sons of Isral aftr thy cam forth out of Egypt, on this sid of th Jordan, in th vally ovr against Bthpor, in th land of Sihon, king of th Amorits, who dwlt at Hshbon, whom Moss and th sons of Isral smot aftr thy wr com forth out of Egypt; and thy possssd his land and th land of Og, king of Bashan, two kings of th Amorits, who wr on this sid of th Jordan toward th sunrising. From Aror, which is by th bank of th rivr Arnon, vn unto Mount Sion, which is Hrmon, and all th plain on this sid of th Jordan astward, vn unto th sa of th plain, undr th springs of Pisgah. Now this is th law [Hbrw "th torah" = taching, instruction, law] that Moss st bfor [Litrally "bfor th facs of"] th Isralits [Litrally "sons/childrn of Isral"]; ths ar th lgal provisions and th ruls and th rgulations that Moss spok to th Isralits [Litrally "sons/childrn of Isral"] whn thy lft Egypt [Litrally "at thir going out from Egypt"], byond th Jordan in th vally opposit Bth Por in th land of Sihon th king of th Amorits [Hbrw "Amorit"], who was rigning in Hshbon and whom Moss and th Isralits [Litrally "sons/childrn of Isral"] dfatd whn thy cam out of Egypt [Litrally "at thir going out from Egypt"]. And so thy took possssion of his land and th land of Og king of Bashan, th two kings of th Amorits [Hbrw "Amorit"] who wr byond th Jordan, astward [Litrally "toward th rising of th sun"], from Aror, which is on th bank of th wadi [A vally that is dry most of th yar, but contains a stram during th rainy sason] of Arnon and as far as Mount Sirion; that is, Hrmon, and all of th Arabah [Or "vally" in this instanc] byond th Jordan, astward, and as

375 5699 Th Book of Dutronomy NIV UK far as th Sa of th Arabah [Commonly known today as th Dad Sa] undr th slops of Pisgah. Introduction to th law This is th law Moss st bfor th Isralits. Ths ar th stipulations, dcrs and laws Moss gav thm whn thy cam out of Egypt and wr in th vally nar Bth Por ast of th Jordan, in th land of Sihon king of th Amorits, who rignd in Hshbon and was dfatd by Moss and th Isralits as thy cam out of Egypt. Thy took possssion of his land and th land of Og king of Bashan, th two Amorit kings ast of th Jordan. This land xtndd from Aror on th rim of th Arnon Gorg to Mount Sirion [Syriac (s also 3:9); Hbrw Siyon] (that is, Hrmon), and includd all th Arabah ast of th Jordan, as far as th Dad Sa [Hbrw th Sa of th Arabah], blow th slops of Pisgah. Catholic Bibls (thos having th imprimatur): Christian Community (1988) Th Hritag Bibl Nw Amrican Bibl (2011) Nw Jrusalm Bibl This is th Law which Moss gav to th childrn of Isral. Ths ar th prcpts, dcrs, and laws which Moss mad known to th childrn of Isral aftr thir dpartur from Egypt, at th othr sid of th Jordan, in th vally opposit Bth-por, in th land of Sihon, th king of th Amorits. This Sihon, who livd in Hshbon, was dfatd by Moss and th childrn of Isral aftr thir dpartur from Egypt and thy took possssion of his land, as thy had don with Og, th king of Bashan. Th two Amorit kings ruld at th ast of th Jordan, from Aror at th boundary of th brook of Arnon, up to Mount Sirion, also calld Hrmon that is, th whol plain to th ast of th Jordan up to th Dad Sa at th foot of Mount Pisgah. Ths ar th tstimonis, and th nactmnts, and th judgmnts, which Moss spok to th childrn of Isral aftr thy cam out of Egypt, On th ast sid of Jordan in th vally opposit Bth Por in th land of Sihon, king of th Amorits, who dwlt at Hshbon, whom Moss and th childrn of Isral struck in thir coming out of Egypt. And thy possssd his land and th land of Og, king of Bashan, two kings of th Amorits, which wr on th ast sid of Jordan toward th rising of th sun, From Aror, which is by th lip of th stram Arnon, to Mount Sion, which is Hrmon, And all th dsrt in th rgion across Jordan toward th sunris, to th sa of th dsrt, undr th slops of Pisgah. Introduction. This is th law [Law: Hbrw torah, maning "instruction," "law," "taching"; th standard translation "law" coms from th influnc of th Sptuagint's nomos, "law," and th xtnsiv lgislation in Ex 20-Nm 10.] which Moss st bfor th Isralits [Dt 4:8; 17:18-19; 30:10; 31:11-12.]. Ths ar th dcrs, and th statuts and ordinancs [Statuts and ordinancs: trms rfrring to th lgal corpus in 12:1-26:19.] which Moss proclaimd to th Isralits aftr thy cam out of Egypt [Dt 4:1; 5:1, 31; 6:1, 17, 20; 11:32; 12:1; 26:16; Ps 25:10.], byond th Jordan in th vally opposit Bth-por, in th land of Sihon, king of th Amorits, who rignd in Hshbon, whom Moss and th Isralits dfatd aftr thy cam out of Egypt [Dt 3:29; 34:6.]. Thy took possssion of his land and th land of Og, king of Bashan, as wll-th land of ths two kings of th Amorits in th rgion byond th Jordan to th ast: from Aror on th dg of th Wadi Arnon to Mount Sion [Sion: anothr nam for Mount Hrmon, bsids thos mntiond in 3:9 (to b distinguishd from th Mount Zion of Jrusalm).] (that is, Hrmon) and all th Arabah byond th Jordan to th ast, as far as th Arabah Sa [Th Arabah Sa: th Dad Sa, cf. 3:17.] undr th slops of Pisgah. Dt 2:24-3:29. This is th Law which Moss prsntd to th Isralits. Ths ar th stipulations, th laws and th customs which Moss gav th Isralits aftr thy had lft Egypt, byond th Jordan in th vally nar Bth-Por, in th country of Sihon th Amorit

376 Dutronomy Chaptr Nw RSV Rvisd English Bibl king who had livd at Hshbon. Moss and th Isralits had dfatd him whn thy lft Egypt, and had takn possssion of his country, as wll as that of Og king of Bashan -- two Amorit kings to th ast byond th Jordan, from Aror on th dg of th Arnon Vally, all th way to Mount Sion (that is, Hrmon) - and of th whol Arabah ast of th Jordan as far as th Sa of th Arabah, at th foot of th slops of Pisgah. This is th law that Moss st bfor th Isralits. Ths ar th dcrs and th statuts and ordinancs that Moss spok to th Isralits whn thy had com out of Egypt, byond th Jordan in th vally opposit Bth-por, in th land of King Sihon of th Amorits, who rignd at Hshbon, whom Moss and th Isralits dfatd whn thy cam out of Egypt. Thy occupid his land and th land of King Og of Bashan, th two kings of th Amorits on th astrn sid of th Jordan: from Aror, which is on th dg of th Wadi Arnon, as far as Mount Sirion* (that is, Hrmon), togthr with all th Arabah on th ast sid of th Jordan as far as th Sa of th Arabah, undr th slops of Pisgah. This is th cod of laws which Moss laid down for th Isralits. Ths ar th prcpts, th statuts, and th laws which Moss proclaimd to th Isralits, whn thy had com out of Egypt and wr byond th Jordan in th vally opposit Bth-por in th land of Sihon king of th Amorits who livd in Hshbon. Moss and th Isralits had dfatd him whn thy cam out of Egypt and had occupid his trritory and th trritory of King Og of Bashan, th two Amorit kings ast of th Jordan. Th trritory ran from Aror on th wadi of th Arnon to Mount Sirion, that is Hrmon; it includd all th Arabah byond th Jordan, as far as th sa of th Arabah blow th watrshd of Pisgah. Jwish/Hbrw Nams Bibls: Complt Jwish Bibl xgss companion Bibl This is th Torah which Mosh placd bfor th popl of Isra'l - 45 ths ar th instructions, laws and rulings which Mosh prsntd to th popl of Isra'l aftr thy had com out of Egypt - byond th Yardn Rivr, in th vally across from Bit-P`or, in th land of Sichon king of th Emori, who livd at Hshbon, whom Mosh and th popl of Isra'l dfatd whn thy cam out of Egypt; and thy took possssion of his land and th land of `Og king of Bashan, th two kings of th Emori, who wr byond th Yardn toward th sunris; from `Aro`r on th dg of th Arnon Vally to Mount Si'on," that is, Mount Hrmon, "with all th `Aravah byond th Yardn astward, all th way to th Dad Sa at th foot of th slops of Pisgah. RESUME' OF THE TORAH And this is th torah Moshh st at th fac of th sons of Yisra El: ths ar th witnsss and th statuts and th judgmnts, Moshh wordd to th sons of Yisra El, aftr thy cam from Misrayim. On this sid Yardn, in th vally opposit Bth Por, in th land of Sichon sovrign of th Emoriy, who sttld at Hshbon, whom Moshh and th sons of Yisra El smot, as thy cam from Misrayim: and possssd his land and th land of Og sovrign of Bashan - two sovrigns of th Emoriy, on this sid Yardn toward th sunrising;

377 5701 Th Book of Dutronomy Hbrw Nams Vrsion JPS (Tanakh 1985) Kaplan Translation Orthodox Jwish Bibl Rstord Nams Vrsion from Aror, by th dg of th wadi Arnon, vn to mount Sion - Hrmon, and all th plain on this sid Yardn toward th rising, vn to th sa of th plain undr th springs of Pisgah. This is th law which Mosh st bfor th childrn of Yisra'l: ths ar th tstimonis, and th statuts, and th ordinancs, which Mosh spok to th childrn of Yisra'l, whn thy cam forth out of Egypt, byond th Yardn, in th vally ovr against Bit-P`or, in th land of Sichon king of th Amori, who livd at Chshbon, whom Mosh and th childrn of Yisra'l struck, whn thy cam forth out of Egypt. Thy took his land in possssion, and th land of `Og king of Bashan, th two kings of th Amori, who wr byond th Yardn toward th sunris; from `Aro`r, which is on th dg of th vally of th Arnon, vn to Mount Tzion (th sam is Chrmon), and all th `Aravah byond th Yardn astward, vn to th sa of th `Aravah, undr th slops of Pisgah. This is th Taching that Moss st bfor th Isralits: ths ar th dcrs, laws, and ruls that Moss addrssd to th popl of Isral, aftr thy had lft Egypt, byond th Jordan, in th vally at Bth-por, in th land of King Sihon of th Amorits, who dwlt in Hshbon, whom Moss and th Isralits dfatd aftr thy had lft Egypt. Thy had takn possssion of his country and that of King Og of Bashan-th two kings of th Amorits-which wr on th ast sid of th Jordan from Aror on th banks of th wadi Arnon, as far as Mount Sion, that is, Hrmon; also th whol Arabah on th ast sid of th Jordan, as far as th Sa of th Arabah, at th foot of th slops of Pisgah. This [All th abov (Lkach Tov; cf. Bachya). Or, th following (Rashi).] is th law that Moss prsntd bfor th Isralits. Ths [Th following (Chizzkuni).] ar th rituals [Edoth in Hbrw. Actually, 'commmorativ rituals.'], ruls and laws that Moss discussd with th Isralits whn thy lft Egypt. [Thy wr now] on th ast bank of th Jordan, in th vally opposit Bth Por [S Dutronomy 3:29.] in th land of Sichon, king of Chshbon, whom Moss and th Isralits had dfatd whn thy lft Egypt. [Th Isralits] occupid [Sichon's] land, as wll as th land of Og, king of Bashan. [Ths wr] th two Amorit kings to th ast of th Jordan. [Th land] xtndd from Aro'r on th dg of th of th Arnon Gorg [S Dutronomy 2:36, 3:12], to Mount Siyon [S Dutronomy 3:9. Cf. Psalms 133:3.], also known as Hrmon, as wll as th ntir flood plain [Aravah in Hbrw.] on th ast bank of th Jordan, as far as th Aravah Sa [S Dutronomy 3:17.] undr th rapids flowing from th cliff. And this is th torah which Mosh st bfor th Bni Yisral; Ths ar th dot, and th chukkim, and th mishpatim, which Mosh spok unto th Bni Yisrol, aftr thy cam forth out of Mitzrayim. On this sid of th Yardn, in th vally ovr against Bit Por, in Ertz Sichon Mlch HaEmori, who dwlt at Chshbon, whom Mosh and th Bni Yisrol struck down, aftr thy wr com forth out of Mitzrayim; And thy possssd his land, and Ertz Og Mlch HaBashan, two mlachim of HaEmori, which wr on this sid of th Yardn toward th rising of th shmsh; From Aror, which is by th dg of th Wadi Arnon, vn unto Mt Siyon, which is Hrmon, And all th Aravah on this sid of th Yardn astward, vn unto th Dad Sa, undr th slops of Pisgah. And this is th law that Mosh st bfor th sons of Yisra'l. Ths ar th tstimonis, th statuts, and th judgmnts that Mosh spok to th sons of Yisra'l aftr thy cam out of Mitsrayim, on this sid of th Yardn in th vally opposit Bayith P'owr, in th land of Siychown king of th Emoriy who dwlt at Chshbown whom Moshh and th sons of Yisra'l dfatd aftr thy cam out of Mitsrayim. And thy took possssion of his land and th land of Owg, king of

378 Dutronomy Chaptr Th Scripturs 1998 Bashan, two kings of th Emoriy who wr on this sid of th Yardn, toward th rising of th sun, from Arow'r, that is on th dg of th rivr Arnown to mount Siy'on (sh is Chrmown) and all th plain on th ast sid of th Yardn as far as th sa of th dsrt blow th slops of Pisgah. And this is th Torah which Moshh st bfor th childrn of Yisra l. Ths ar th witnsss, and th laws, and th right-rulings which Moshh spok to th childrn of Yisra l aftr thy cam out of Mitsrayim, byond th Yard n, in th vally opposit B yth P or, in th land of Sihòon sovrign of th Amorits, who dwlt at Hòshbon, whom Moshh and th childrn of Yisra l had smittn aftr thy cam out of Mitsrayim. And thy took possssion of his land and th land of Og sovrign of Bashan, two sovrigns of th Amorits, who wr byond th Yard n, toward th rising of th sun, from Aro r, which is on th bank of th wadi Arnon, vn to Mount Siyon, which is Hòrmon, and all th dsrt plain byond th Yard n as far as th Sa of th Arab?ah, blow th slops of Pisgah. Expandd/Embllishd Bibls: Th Expandd Bibl Th Gnva Bibl Krtzmann s Commntary Th Laws Moss Gav L Ths ar th tachings [laws; instructions] Moss gav to th popl [ sons; T childrn] of Isral. Thy ar th ruls, commands [statuts; ordinancs; L T rquirmnts], and laws h gav thm [ th sons/ childrn of Isral] whn thy cam out of Egypt. Thy wr in th vally [gln] nar Bth Por, ast of [byond] th Jordan Rivr, in th land of Sihon. Sihon king of th Amorits ruld in Hshbon L L T and was dfatd [ struck] by Moss and th Isralits [ sons/ childrn of Isral] L as thy cam out of Egypt [Num. 21:21-32]. Th Isralits [ Thy] took his land and th land of Og king of Bashan [Num. 21:33-35], th two Amorit kings ast of [byond] th Jordan Rivr. This land wnt from Aror, on th dg of th Arnon L Ravin [Wadi], to Mount Hrmon. It includd all th Jordan Vally [ Arabah] ast L of [byond] th Jordan Rivr, and it wnt as far as th Dad [ Salt] Sa blow Mount Pisgah. So this is th law which Moss st bfor th childrn of Isral. Ths ar th witnsss, and th ordinancs [Th articls and points of th covnant. ], and th laws which Moss dclard to th childrn of Isral aftr thy cam out of Egypt, On this sid Jordan, in th vally ovr against Bth-por, in th land of Sihon King of th Amorits, which dwlt at Hshbon, whom Moss and th childrn of Isral smot [Numbrs 21:24; Dutronomy 1:4.], aftr thy wr com out of Egypt; And thy possssd his land, and th land of [Numbrs 21:33; Dutronomy 3:3. ] Og King of Bashan, two Kings of th Amorits, which wr on this sid Jordan toward th sun rising; From Aror, which is by th bank of th rivr Arnon, vn unto mount Sion, which is Hrmon, And all th plain by Jordan Eastward, vn unto th Sa of th plain [That is, th salt sa.], undr th springs of Pisgah [Dut. 3:17.]. And this is th Law which Moss st bfor th childrn of Isral; ths ar th tstimonis and th statuts and th judgmnts which Moss spak unto th childrn of Isral aftr thy cam forth out of Egypt, on this sid Jordan, in th vally ovr against Bth-por, in th land of Sihon, king of th Amorits, who dwlt at Hshbon, whom Moss and th childrn of Isral smot, Num. 21:24, aftr thy wr, com forth out of Egypt; and thy possssd his land and th land of Og, king of Bashan, two kings of th Amorits, which wr on this sid Jordan toward th sun-rising; from Aror, which is by th bank of th rivr Arnon, vn unto Mount Sion, which is Hrmon, and all th plain on this sid Jordan astward, vn unto th Sa of th Plain, th Dad Sa, undr th springs of Pisgah, nar th mouth of th Arnon. This dtaild dscription of tim and plac srvs as an introduction to th grat xposition of th Law which follows in th nxt part of th Book of Dutronomy.

379 5703 Th Book of Dutronomy NET Bibl Th Voic This is th law that Moss st bfor th Isralits [Hb "th sons of Isral" (likwis in th following vrs).]. Ths ar th stipulations, statuts, and ordinancs that Moss spok to th Isralits aftr h had brought thm out of Egypt, in th Transjordan, in th vally opposit Bth Por, in th land of King Sihon of th Amorits, who livd in Hshbon. (It is h whom Moss and th Isralits attackd aftr thy cam out of Egypt. Thy possssd his land and that of King Og of Bashan - both of whom wr Amorit kings in th Transjordan, to th ast. Thir trritory xtndd [Th words "thir trritory xtndd" ar supplid in th translation for stylistic rasons. In th Hbrw txt vv ar all on sntnc, but for th sak of English styl and radability th translation divids th txt into two sntncs.] from Aror at th dg of th Arnon vally as far as Mount Siyon - that is, Hrmon - including all th Arabah of th Transjordan in th ast to th sa of th Arabah [Th sa of th Arabah rfrs to th Dad Sa, also known as th Salt Sa in OT tims (cf. Dut 3:17).], bnath th watrshd of Pisgah.) This is th law Moss gav to th childrn of Isral; ths ar th prcdnts, ruls, and dcrs Moss taught th popl of Isral whn thy cam out of Egypt. Thy wr ast of th Jordan, in th vally across from Bth-por, in th land of Amorit King Sihon who ruld in Hshbon. Moss and th childrn of Isral crushd him whn thy cam out of Egypt. Sihon and Og, th Amorit king of Bashan, ruld th trritory ast of th Jordan. Th Isralits took ovr thir land, from Aror on th dg of th Arnon Vally all th way to Mount Sion [Othr manuscripts rad "Sirion."] (that is, Mount Hrmon), including th arid vally [Hbrw, Arabah] ast of th Jordan Rivr, down to th Dad Sa [Litrally, Sa of th Arabah], at th foot of Mount Pisgah. Litral, almost word-for-word, rndrings: Concordant Litral Vrsion Contxt Group Vrsion Emphasizd Bibl This is th law that Moss placd bfor th sons of Isral. Ths ar th tstimonis and th statuts and th judgmnts that Moss pronouncd to th sons of Isral whn thy had com forth from Egypt, in Transjordan in th ravin opposit Bth-por, in th country of Sihon king of th Amorit, who was dwlling in Hshbon, whom Moss and th sons of Isral smot whn thy had com forth from Egypt. Thn thy tnantd his country and th country of Og king of Bashan, two kings of th Amorit who wr in Transjordan toward th sunris, from Aror, which is on th ridg abov th watrcours of Arnon and as far as Mount Sirion (that is Hrmon), and all th Transjordan Aravah toward th sunris and as far as th sa of th Aravah blow th slops of th Pisgah ridg. And this is th law which Moss st bfor th sons of Isral: ths ar th tstimonis, and th statuts, and th ordinancs, which Moss spok to th sons of Isral, whn thy cam out of Egypt, byond th Jordan, in th vally across from Bth-por, in th land of Sihon king of th Amorits, who dwlt at Hshbon, whom Moss and th sons of Isral struck, whn thy cam out of Egypt. And thy took his land { or arth } in possssion, and th land of Og king of Bashan, th two kings of th Amorits, who wr byond th Jordan toward th sunrising; from Aror, which is on th dg of th vally of th Arnon, vn to mount Sion ( th sam is Hrmon ), and all th Arabah byond th Jordan astward, vn to th sa of th Arabah, undr th slops of Pisgah. This, thn is th law which Moss st bfor th sons of Isral: Ths, ar th tstimonis, and th statuts and th rgulations, which Moss spak unto th sons of Isral whn thy cam forth out of Egypt: ovr th Jordan in th vally ovr against Bth-por, in th land of Sihon king of th Amorits, who dwlt in Hshbon, whom Moss and th sons of Isral smot, whn thy cam forth out of Egypt: so thy took possssion of his land, and th land of Og king of Bashan th two kings of th Amorits, who wr ovr th Jordan, towards th rising of th

380 Dutronomy Chaptr English Standard V. UK God s Truth (Tyndal) NASB Nw King Jams Vrsion Wbstr s Bibl Translation sun; from Aror which is on th dg of th ravin of Arnon, vn unto Mount Sion, th sam, is Hrmon; and all th wast plain ovr th Jordan, towards sunris, vn unto th sa of th wast plain, undr th slops of th Pisgah. Introduction to th Law This is th law that Moss st bfor th popl of Isral. Ths ar th tstimonis, th statuts, and th ruls, which Moss spok to th popl of Isral whn thy cam out of Egypt, byond th Jordan in th vally opposit Bth-por, in th land of Sihon th king of th Amorits, who livd at Hshbon, whom Moss and th popl of Isral dfatd whn thy cam out of Egypt. And thy took possssion of his land and th land of Og, th king of Bashan, th two kings of th Amorits, who livd to th ast byond th Jordan; from Aror, which is on th dg of th Vally of th Arnon, as far as Mount Sirion [Syriac; Hbrw Sion] (that is, Hrmon), togthr with all th Arabah on th ast sid of th Jordan as far as th Sa of th Arabah, undr th slops of Pisgah. This is th law which Moss st bfor th childrn of Isral, and ths ar th witnsss, ordinancs and statuts which Moss told th childrn of Isral aftr thy cam out of Egypt, on th othr sid Jordan in th vally bsid Bth Phor in th land of Shon king of th Amorits which dwlt at Hsbon, whom Moss and th childrn of Isral smot aftr thy wr com out of Egypt, and conqurd his land and th land of Og king of Basan two kings of th Amorits on th othr sid Jordan toward th son [xact splling lswhr in th txt is sun splld sunn, hr is sonn as is son.] rising: from Aror upon th bank of th rivr Arnon, unto Mount Sion which is calld Hrmon and all th filds on th othr sid Jordan astward: vn unto th sa in th fild undr th springs of Phasgah. Now this is th law which Moss st bfor th sons of Isral; ths ar th tstimonis and th statuts and th ordinancs which Moss spok to th sons of Isral, whn thy cam out from Egypt, across th Jordan, in th vally opposit Bth-por, in th land of Sihon king of th Amorits who livd at Hshbon, whom Moss and th sons of Isral dfatd [Lit smot] whn thy cam out from Egypt. Thy took possssion of his land and th land of Og king of Bashan, th two kings of th Amorits, who wr across th Jordan to th ast [Lit sunris], from Aror, which is on th dg of th vally [Or wadi] of Arnon, vn as far as Mount Sion (that is, Hrmon), with all th Arabah across th Jordan to th ast, vn as far as th sa of th Arabah, at th foot of [Lit undr] th slops of Pisgah. Introduction to God's Law Now this is th law which Moss st bfor th childrn of Isral. Ths ar th tstimonis, th statuts, and th judgmnts which Moss spok to th childrn of Isral aftr thy cam out of Egypt, on this sid of th Jordan, in th vally opposit Bth Por, in th land of Sihon king of th Amorits, who dwlt at Hshbon, whom Moss and th childrn of Isral dfatd aftr thy cam out of Egypt. And thy took possssion of his land and th land of Og king of Bashan, two kings of th Amorits, who wr on this sid of th Jordan, toward th rising of th sun, from Aror, which is on th bank of th Rivr Arnon, vn to Mount Sion[a] (that is, Hrmon), and all th plain on th ast sid of th Jordan as far as th Sa of th Arabah, blow th slops of Pisgah. And this [is] th law which Moss st bfor th childrn of Isral. Ths [ar] th tstimonis, and th statuts, and th judgmnts, which Moss spok to th childrn of Isral, aftr thy cam forth from Egypt, On th ast sid of Jordan, in th vally ovr against Bth-Por, in th land of Sihon king of th Amorits, who dwlt at Hshbon, whom Moss and th childrn of Isral smot, aftr thy had com forth from Egypt: And thy possssd his land, and th land of Og king of Bashan, two kings of th Amorits, who [wr] on th sid of Jordan, towards th sun-rising; From Aror, which [is] by th bank of th rivr Arnon, vn to mount

381 5705 Th Book of Dutronomy Young s Updatd LT Th gist of this vrs: Sion, which [is] Hrmon, And all th plain on th sid of Jordan astward, vn to th sa of th plain, undr th springs of Pisgah. And this is th law which Moss has st bfor th sons of Isral; ths ar th tstimonis, and th statuts, and th judgmnts, which Moss has spokn unto th sons of Isral, in thir coming out of Egypt, byond th Jordan, in th vally ovragainst Bth-Por, in th land of Sihon, king of th Amorit, who is dwlling in Hshbon, whom Moss and th sons of Isral hav smittn, in thir coming out of Egypt, and thy possss his land, and th land of Og king of Bashan, two kings of th Amorit who ar byond th Jordan, towards th sun-rising; from Aror, which is by th dg of th brook Arnon, vn unto mount Sion, which is Hrmon and all th plain byond th Jordan astward, vn unto th sa of th plain, undr th springs of Pisgah. This appars to ithr b a transition passag; or an introduction to Dut. 5, whr it simply says that Moss is taching th Law to th sons of Isral whn thy ar ast of Jordan, aftr dfating Og and Sihon. Dutronomy 4:44 Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs w (or v ) (åà or åì) [pronouncd wh] and, vn, thn; namly; whn; sinc, that; though; as wll as simpl wâw conjunction No Strong s # BDB #251 Th Grk, Latin and Syriac all lack and; which is vidnc that this could hav proprly bn a titl which stood 248 at th bginning of this Dut. 5. zô th (æéàú) [pronouncd zoth] hr, this, this on; thus; possibly anothr fminin of singular zh; dmonstrativ pronoun, advrb Strong s #2063 (& 2088, 2090) BDB #260 tôwrah (èåéøçä or èéøçä) [pronouncd TOH-rah] instruction, doctrin; [human and divin] law, dirction, rgulations, protocol; custom; translitratd Torah fminin singular noun with th dfinit articl Strong s #8451 and #8452 BDB #435 ãshr (àâéùæø) [pronouncd ash-er] that, which, whn, who, whom; whr rlativ pronoun Strong's #834 BDB #81 sîym (ùòäéí) [pronouncd sm]; also splld sûwm (ùòåìí) [pronouncd soom] to put, to plac, to st; to mak; to appoint rd 3 prson masculin singular, Qal imprfct Strong's #7760 BDB #962 Moshh (îéùæä) [pronouncd moh- SHEH] to draw out [of th watr] and is translitratd Moss masculin propr noun Strong s #4872 BDB #602 lâmd (ìà) [pronouncd l ] to, for, towards, in rgards to dirctional/rlational prposition No Strong s # BDB # Paraphrasd from accssd May 11, 2015.

382 Dutronomy Chaptr Dutronomy 4:44 Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs pânîym (ôìèðäéí) [pronouncd paw- NEEM] fac, facs, countnanc; prsnc masculin plural construct (plural acts lik English singular) Strong s #6440 BDB #815 Togthr, thy man upon th fac of, bfor, bfor th fac of, in th prsnc of, in th sight of, in front of. Whn usd with God, it can tak on th mor figurativ maning in th judgmnt of. This can also man forwards; th front part [or, th dg of a sword]. L pânîym (ìàôìèðäéí) can tak on a tmporal sns as wll: bfor, of old, formrly, in th past, in past tims. Litrally, this mans to facs of. bânîym (áìèðäéí) [pronouncd baw- NEEM] sons, dscndants; childrn; popl; somtims rndrd mn masculin plural construct Strong s #1121 BDB #119 Yis râ êl (éäùòàøçàåì) [pronouncd yis-raw- ALE] God prvails; contndr; soldir of God; translitratd Isral masculin propr noun; God-givn nam to Jacob; and national nam for th Jwish popl Strong s #3478 & #3479 BDB #975 Translation: This is th Law which Moss st bfor th sons of Isral. W alrady had a gnral introduction to Moss taching th popl in Dut. 1:1 5. This sounds lik som gnral conclusion to th Torah itslf or an introduction to th nxt two discourss of Moss. Moss has movd from first prson to third prson. H rcognizd th historical and doctrinal import of th information that h was rcording, so h spok of himslf in th third prson, which w hav alrady xamind. It is not a mattr of psychosis or Moss disassociating; writrs will oftn spak of thmslvs in th third prson. Howvr, whn spaking, with a fw xcptions, most popl will spak of thmslvs in th first prson. It is a common diffrntiation btwn th rcording of history and vrbal discours and it mans nothing in particular; that is, thr is no implication that thr is any kind of diting occurring hr. Furthrmor, th rcording of this matrial, unlik most of th Pntatuch, taks plac immdiatly aftr th occurrnc, probably within th sam wk, if not th sam day. God has told Moss that h is not long for this world and Moss is now trying to gt vrything don which God has st bfor him. Barns: Dut. 4:44 givs a kind of gnral titl to th whol of th wighty addrss, including in fact 249 th cntral part and substanc of th book. Wlls of Living Watr Commntary: Inasmuch as w ar thinking of Moss in his matur, old ag, w think it would b wll for th studnt to sum up th lif of this wondrful man in a fw concis and comprhnsiv statmnts. Moss, th man of faith. Whn God sought to nroll th nams of His hros, H mad spcial mntion of Moss. Th rcord to which w rfr is found in Hbrws 11:1-40. Of Moss it is writtn thr: "By faith Moss, whn h was com to yars, rfusd to b calld th son of Pharaoh's daughtr; choosing rathr to suffr affliction with th popl of God, than to njoy th plasurs of sin for a sason; stming th rproach of Christ gratr richs than th trasurs in Egypt: for h had rspct unto th rcompnc of th rward. By faith h forsook Egypt, not faring th wrath of th king: for h ndurd, as sing Him who is invisibl. Through faith h kpt th passovr, and th sprinkling of blood, lst H that dstroyd th firstborn should touch thm." Albrt Barns, Barns Nots on th Old Tstamnt; from -Sword, Dut. 4: From accssd May 15, 2015.

383 5707 Th Book of Dutronomy Th Wlls of Living Watr Commntary continus: [Moss ] faith had a far-flung vision. It rachd on to th vry hour of Christ's glorious Rturn. It was thr that Moss knw that God would b th hop of His popl. It was thn that h ralizd that God would fulfill vry promis H had mad. God 251 mak us mn and womn of faith, for apart from faith, it is impossibl to plas Him. It is crtainly possibl that somon ls wrot this (lik Joshua). Dutronomy 4:45a Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs wa (or va) (åç) [pronouncd wah] and so, and thn, thn, and; so, that, yt, thrfor, consquntly; bcaus wâw conscutiv No Strong s # BDB #253 êllh (àåììæä) [pronouncd ALE-lh] ths, ths things dmonstrativ plural adjctiv with th dfinit articl (oftn th vrb to b is implid) Strong's #428 BDB #41 idôth (òåãèä) [pronouncd ìih-dohth] tstimonis, divin tstimonis, chargs [from God], words of God, th words of Scriptur fminin plural noun with th dfinit articl Strong s #5713 BDB #730 Intrstingly nough, this word is found almost xclusivly in Dutronomy (3x) and th Psalms (19x; mostly in Psalm 119) (and onc in Gnsis and onc in Joshua). w (or v ) (åà or åì) [pronouncd wh] and, vn, thn; namly; whn; sinc, that; though; as wll as simpl wâw conjunction No Strong s # BDB #251 chuqqîym (çë ÌÄéí) [pronouncd khook- KEEM] dcrs, thos things which ar dcrd; statuts; boundaris, dfind limitations; appointd portions of labor, tasks masculin plural noun with th dfinit articl Strong's #2706 BDB #349 w (or v ) (åà or åì) [pronouncd wh] and, vn, thn; namly; whn; sinc, that; though; as wll as simpl wâw conjunction No Strong s # BDB #251 mîsh pâþîym (îäùàôìèèäéí) [pronouncd mish -paw- TEEM] laws; judgmnts; appals; rsponsibilitis; privilgs; customs; justic; vrdicts rndrd by a judg, judicial dcisions, judicial sntncs masculin plural noun with th dfinit articl Strong's #4941 BDB #1048 ãshr (àâéùæø) [pronouncd ash-er] that, which, whn, who, whom; whr rlativ pronoun Strong's #834 BDB #81 dâbar (ãìèáçø) [pronouncd b daw -VAHR] to spak, to talk [and back with action], to giv an opinion, to xpound, to mak a formal spch, to spak out, to promis, to propos, to spak kindly of, to dclar, to proclaim, to announc rd 3 prson masculin singular, Pil prfct Strong s #1696 BDB # From accssd May 15, 2015.

384 Dutronomy Chaptr Dutronomy 4:45a Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs Moshh (îéùæä) [pronouncd moh- SHEH] to draw out [of th watr] and is translitratd Moss masculin propr noun Strong s #4872 BDB #602 l (àæì) [pronouncd hl] unto; into, among, in; toward, to; against; concrning, rgarding; bsids, togthr with; as to dirctional prposition (rspct or dfrnc may b implid) Strong's #413 BDB #39 bânîym (áìèðäéí) [pronouncd baw- NEEM] sons, dscndants; childrn; popl; somtims rndrd mn masculin plural construct Strong s #1121 BDB #119 Yis râ êl (éäùòàøçàåì) [pronouncd yis-raw- ALE] God prvails; contndr; soldir of God; translitratd Isral masculin propr noun; God-givn nam to Jacob; and national nam for th Jwish popl Strong s #3478 & #3479 BDB #975 Translation: Ths [ar] th tstimonis and th statuts and th judicial vrdicts which Moss spok to th sons of Isral... Th tstimonis ar God s words; th word of Scriptur; th statuts ar th limitations placd upon bhavior in ordr for mn to liv nar on anothr in groups; th ordinancs ar th judicial vrdicts or th application of th Law of God to day-to-day lif. This is what Moss was taching th popl particularly in th nxt srmon, which bgins in Dut. 5. Dr. John Gill: [This is a rfrnc to] Th laws, moral, crmonial, and judicial, dlivrd in th following chaptrs; which ar rnwd, rpatd, and xplaind: which Moss spak unto th childrn of Isral, aftr thy cam forth out of Egypt; in th third month aftr thy cam from thnc ths laws wr dlivrd to him at Mount Sinai, and h dclard thm to thm; and now afrsh, nar forty yars 252 aftr, rpatd thm to thm in th plains of Moab. Matthw Hnry: Ths ar th tstimonis, th statuts, and th judgmnts, th moral, crmonial, and judicial laws, which had bn nactd bfor, whn Isral had nwly com out of Egypt, and wr 253 now rpatd. Ptr Ptt: "Ths ar th tstimonis, and th statuts, and th judgmnts." Compar Dut. 4:40 5:1 6:2 11:32 12:1 26:16 30:16. Thy ar a continuation of th statuts and judgmnts that Moss has alrady bn taching thm (Dut. 4:14), spcifically said to hav bn taught at th tim of th 254 first giving of th covnant. Compar also Dutronomy 4:1, 4-5, Dr. John Gill, John Gill s Exposition of th Entir Bibl; from -Sword, Dut. 4:45. Matthw Hnry, Commntary on th Whol Bibl; from -Sword, Dut. 4: From accssd May 13, 2015.

385 5709 Th Book of Dutronomy Dutronomy 4:45b Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs h b (áìà) [pronouncd b ] in, into, at, by, nar, on, with, bfor, against, by mans of, among, within a prposition of proximity No Strong s # BDB #88 yâtsâ (éèöèà) [pronouncd yaw-tzawh] to go [com] out, to go [com] forth; to ris; to flow, to gush up [out] Qal infinitiv construct rd with th 3 prson masculin singular suffix Strong's #3318 BDB #422 min (îäï) [pronouncd mihn] from, away from, out from, out of from, off, on account of, sinc, abov, than, so that not, byond, mor than prposition of sparation Strong's #4480 BDB #577 Mits rayim (îäöàøçéäí) [pronouncd mits-rahyim] doubl straights; translitratd Mizraim; also Egypt, Egyptians propr noun; pausal form Strong s #4714 BDB #595 Translation:...whn thy cam out of Egypt. Hr, it sounds as though Moss is bringing this book to a clos. It is as though h has rcordd th first four books, has gottn this far into th fifth book, and fls that his prvious mssag was good and it was his last. So now all thr is to do is to put th priod at th nd of th sntnc. A frr translation of this passag so far: What follows will b th Torah that Moss put bfor th childrn of Isral. Ths ar th tstimonis, th statuts and th judicial vrdicts which Moss had originally prsntd to thm whn thy cam out of Egypt. Moss has alrady taught this to Gn X; but standing bfor him ar thir childrn, only som of whom hav hard th Law of God. In ordr for thm to b obdint to th Law, thy nd to know what th Law says. Dutronomy 4:46a Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs h b (áìà) [pronouncd b ] in, into, at, by, nar, on, with, bfor, against, by mans of, among, within a prposition of proximity No Strong s # BDB #88 êbr (òåáæø) [pronouncd B ÌAY -vr] rgion byond [across]; rgion on th othr sid [of a vally, stram, sa]; th opposit rgion [sid]; byond, sid masculin singular construct Strong's #5676 BDB #719 This word is significant and suggsts that somon (Joshua, probably) wrot this aftr th fact and from th wst sid of th Jordan. Yâr dên (éèøàãåï) [pronouncd yar -DAYN] dscndr; flowing downward; th watring plac; translitratd Jordan propr noun with th dfinit articl Strong s #3383 BDB #434

386 Dutronomy Chaptr Dutronomy 4:46a Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs h b (áìà) [pronouncd b ] in, into, at, by, nar, on, with, bfor, against, by mans of, among, within a prposition of proximity No Strong s # BDB #88 gay (âìçéàà) [pronouncd GAH-] vally, ravin, a stp vally, narrow gorg masculin singular noun with th dfinit articl Strong s #1516 BDB #161 mûwl (îåìåì) [pronouncd mool ] in front of, opposit prposition Strong's #4136 BDB #557 Bêyth (áìåéú) [pronouncd bayth] hous of... part of a propr noun, location Strong s #1004 BDB #108 P ôwr (ôìàòåéø) [pronouncd ph-ìohr] clft; translitratd Por masculin singular propr noun Strong s #6465 BDB #822 Togthr, ths nouns ar translitratd Bth Por. Strong s #1047 BDB #112. Translation: [H spok ths things] byond th Jordan, in th vally opposit Bth-por,... Byond th Jordan mans ast of th Jordan. Bth-por appars to b both a plac and a god which was worshipd. So th Jws ar in a vally, and across th way is th city of Bth-por. Matthw Hnry suggsts that thy ar standing in a vally, opposit th actual tmpl of th forign god, which givs his words, warning against idolatry, vn gratr impact. [Thy wr] ovr-against Bth-por, an idol-tmpl of th Moabits, which prhaps Moss somtims lookd towards, with a 255 particular caution to thm against th infction of that and othr such lik dangrous placs. Furthrmor, Matthw Hnry suggsts, thy ar standing upon land which thy had just conqurd, thir God dfating hostil armis. It was upon thir nw conqusts, in th vry land which thy had got out of th hands of Sihon and Og, and wr now actually in possssion of (Dut. 4:47). Thir 256 prsnt triumphs hrin wr a powrful argumnt for obdinc. Jamison, Fausst and Brown: Bth-por--that is, "hous" or "tmpl of Por." It is probabl that a tmpl of this Moabit idol stood in full viw of th Hbrw camp, whil Moss was urging th xclusiv claims of God to thir worship, and this allusion would b vry significant if it wr th 257 tmpl whr so many of th Isralits had grivously offndd. Trasury of Scriptural Knowldg: Bth-por was a city which was situatd, according to Eusbius, opposit Jricho, and six mils abov Livias. As th nam signifis th hous of Por, it is probabl that thr was a tmpl to Por, situatd in this plac, full in viw of th popl, whil Moss was prssing upon thm th worship of Jhovah alon; and prhaps th vry tmpl whr so many had 258 sinnd to thir own dstruction. 255 Matthw Hnry, Commntary on th Whol Bibl; from -Sword, Dut. 4: Matthw Hnry, Commntary on th Whol Bibl; from -Sword, Dut. 4: Robrt Jamison, A. R. Fausst and David Brown; Commntary Critical and Explanatory on th Whol Bibl; 1871; from -sword, Dut. 4: Trasury of Scriptural Knowldg; by Cann, Brown, Blayny, Scott, and othrs about 1880, with introduction by R. A. Torry; courtsy of E-sword, Dut. 4:46.

387 5711 Th Book of Dutronomy With vv , w bgin th dscription of th firstfruits of th promiss of God th land and citis of Kings Sihon and Og which thn bcam th firstfruits of th kingdom of Isral. Th Isralits had rmaind in th gnral ara for awhil. So w rmaind in th vally opposit Bth-por. (Dut. 3:29; ESV) Dutronomy 4:46b Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs h b (áìà) [pronouncd b ] in, into, at, by, nar, on, with, bfor, against, by mans of, among, within a prposition of proximity No Strong s # BDB #88 rts (àæøæõ) [pronouncd EH-rts] arth (all or a portion throf), land, trritory, country, continnt; ground, soil; undr th ground [Shol] fminin singular construct Strong's #776 BDB #75 Çîychôn (ñäéçéï) [pronouncd s- KHOWN] warrior; tmpstuous; and is translitratd Sihon masculin singular propr noun Strong s #5511 BDB #695 mlk ( îæìæ) [pronouncd MEH-lk] king, rulr, princ masculin singular construct Strong s #4428 BDB #572 môrîy (àáîéøäé) [pronouncd h-moh- REE] mountainr (possibly); and is translitratd Amorit masculin singular, gntilic adjctiv; with th dfinit articl Strong s #567 BDB #57 ãshr (àâéùæø) [pronouncd ash-er] that, which, whn, who, whom; whr rlativ pronoun Strong's #834 BDB #81 yâshab (éèùçá) [pronouncd yaw- B SHAH V] is inhabiting, is staying, rmaining, dwlling, rsiding; sitting Qal activ participl Strong's #3427 BDB #442 h b (áìà) [pronouncd b ] in, into, at, by, nar, on, with, bfor, against, by mans of, among, within a prposition of proximity No Strong s # BDB #88 Chsh bôwn (çæùàáìåéï) [pronouncd khsh- BOHN] stronghold; translitratd Hshbon, Chshbon propr singular noun/location Strong s #2809 BDB #363 Translation:...in th land of Sihon ([who was] th king of th Amorits, who livd in Hshbon,... Whil ast of th Jordan, going up th King s Highway, with th intntion of invading th Land of Promis from th ast, th Isralits ran into opposition from Kings Og and Sihon. Thy wr rady for an immdiat confrontation; thr would b no chanc for th Isralits to think about this.

388 Dutronomy Chaptr Dutronomy 4:46c Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs ãshr (àâéùæø) [pronouncd ash-er] that, which, whn, who, whom; whr rlativ pronoun Strong's #834 BDB #81 nâkâh (ðèëèä) [pronouncd naw-kawh] to smit, to assault, to hit, to strik, to strik [somthing or somon] down, to dfat, to conqur, to subjugat rd 3 prson masculin singular, Hiphil prfct Strong #5221 BDB #645 Moshh (îéùæä) [pronouncd moh- SHEH] to draw out [of th watr] and is translitratd Moss masculin propr noun Strong s #4872 BDB #602 w (or v ) (åà or åì) [pronouncd wh] and, vn, thn; namly; whn; sinc, that; though; as wll as simpl wâw conjunction No Strong s # BDB #251 bânîym (áìèðäéí) [pronouncd baw- NEEM] sons, dscndants; childrn; popl; somtims rndrd mn masculin plural construct Strong s #1121 BDB #119 Yis râ êl (éäùòàøçàåì) [pronouncd yis-raw- ALE] God prvails; contndr; soldir of God; translitratd Isral masculin propr noun; God-givn nam to Jacob; and national nam for th Jwish popl Strong s #3478 & #3479 BDB #975 h b (áìà) [pronouncd b ] in, into, at, by, nar, on, with, bfor, against, by mans of, among, within a prposition of proximity No Strong s # BDB #88 yâtsâ (éèöèà) [pronouncd yaw-tzawh] to go [com] out, to go [com] forth; to ris; to flow, to gush up [out] Qal infinitiv construct rd with th 3 prson masculin plural suffix Strong's #3318 BDB #422 min (îäï) [pronouncd mihn] from, away from, out from, out of from, off, on account of, sinc, abov, than, so that not, byond, mor than prposition of sparation Strong's #4480 BDB #577 Mits rayim (îäöàøçéäí) [pronouncd mits-rahyim] doubl straights; translitratd Mizraim; also Egypt, Egyptians propr noun; pausal form Strong s #4714 BDB #595 Translation:...who Moss and th sons of Isral dfatd whn thy cam out of Egypt). Moss and th sons of Isral dfatd Sihon. H gav thm no choic; thy had to go to war. This is only half of a sntnc. This nds v. 45, tlling from whr Moss spok this last mssag (Dut. 3:39). Num. 21:21 25 givs us som th dtails of th taking of that land. So far, w hav this: This is th Law which Moss st bfor th sons of Isral. Ths [ar] th tstimonis and th statuts and th judicial vrdicts which Moss spok to th sons of Isral whn thy cam out of Egypt. [H spok ths things] byond th Jordan, in th vally opposit Bth-por, in th land of Sihon ([who was] th king of th Amorits, who livd in Hshbon, who Moss and th sons of Isral dfatd whn thy cam out of Egypt).

389 5713 Th Book of Dutronomy Th Isralits lft Egypt about 40 yars ago, but had spnd that tim in th wildrnss rgion south of what would 259 latr b th southrn rgion of Judah. Thir dfat of Sihon was rlativly rcnt within th past fw months. Dutronomy 4:47a Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs wa (or va) (åç) [pronouncd wah] and so, and thn, thn, and; so, that, yt, thrfor, consquntly; bcaus wâw conscutiv No Strong s # BDB #253 yârash ( éèøç) [pronouncd yaw-rash] to possss, to tak possssion of, to occupy a gographical ara [by driving out th prvious occupants], to tak possssion of anyon [or thir goods]; to inhrit, to possss; to xpl, to driv out rd 3 prson masculin plural, Qal imprfct Strong s #3423 BDB #439 êth (àæç) [pronouncd ayth] Indicats nxt word is th objct of th vrb; somtims translatd to untranslatd mark of a dirct objct Strong's #853 BDB #84 rts (àæøæõ) [pronouncd EH-rts] arth (all or a portion throf), land, trritory, country, continnt; ground, soil; undr th ground [Shol] fminin singular construct Strong's #776 BDB #75 Ôwg (çåéâ) [pronouncd ìohg] round; long-nckd; translitratd Og masculin singular propr noun Strong s #5747 BDB #728 mlk ( îæìæ) [pronouncd MEH-lk] king, rulr, princ masculin singular construct Strong s #4428 BDB #572 Bâshân (áìèùèï) [pronouncd baw- SHAWN] sandy soil; fruitful; flat; and is translitratd Bashan propr singular noun; a location; with th dfinit articl Strong s #1316 BDB #143 Translation: Th Isralits [lit., thy] took possssion of his land, along with th land of Og (th king of Bashan). Th Isralits dfatd Sihon and took his land; thy dfatd Og and thy took his land. Th Isralits had now rcivd a down paymnt on th promiss of God. Th Pulpit Commntary: [Th Isralits] had got, as w hav sn, th land of th Amorits. Th kingdoms of Og and of Sihon wr alrady in th hands of th two and a half tribs. Moss had a vantag-ground, thrfor, from 260 which to plad th claims of God. Moss can mak th unambiguous cas that thy can dpnd upon God s promiss and His powr, as thy now stand in th midst of land which prviously blongd to hathn Kings Sihon and Og. 259 Paraphrasing Dr. John Gill, John Gill s Exposition of th Entir Bibl; from -Sword, Dut. 4: Th Pulpit Commntary; ; by Josph S. Exll, Hnry Donald Mauric Spnc-Jons, from -sword, Dut. 4:44.

390 Dutronomy Chaptr Dutronomy 4:47b Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs sh nêy (ùàðåé) [pronouncd sh n-â] two, two of, a pair of, a duo of; both of dual numral construct Strong s #8147 BDB #1040 mlk ( îæìæ) [pronouncd MEH-lk] king, rulr, princ masculin plural construct Strong s #4428 BDB #572 môrîy (àáîéøäé) [pronouncd h-moh- REE] mountainr (possibly); and is translitratd Amorit masculin singular, gntilic adjctiv; with th dfinit articl Strong s #567 BDB #57 ãshr (àâéùæø) [pronouncd ash-er] that, which, whn, who, whom; whr rlativ pronoun Strong's #834 BDB #81 êbr (òåáæø) [pronouncd B ÌAY -vr] rgion byond [across]; rgion on th othr sid [of a vally, stram, sa]; th opposit rgion [sid]; byond, sid masculin singular construct Strong's #5676 BDB #719 This word is significant and suggsts that somon (Joshua, probably) wrot this aftr th fact and from th wst sid of th Jordan. Yâr dên (éèøàãåï) [pronouncd yar -DAYN] dscndr; flowing downward; th watring plac; translitratd Jordan propr noun with th dfinit articl Strong s #3383 BDB #434 miz râch (îäæàøèç) [pronouncd miz - RAHKH] astward, ast, plac of sun rising masculin singular noun Strong s #4217 BDB #280 shmsh (ùæîæù) [pronouncd SHEHmsh] sun; sunris, sun-rising, ast, sun-stting, wst (of dirction); opnly, publically masculin or fminin singular noun Strong s #8121 BDB #1039 Translation: [Ths wr] two Amorit kings who [wr] byond th Jordan, to th ast (whr th sun riss),... This tlls us that Og and Sihon wr both kings ovr th Amorits, vn though Og was th last of th Rphaim (th giants). Ptr Ptt: Th widr contxt is Isral's bing dlivrd out of Egypt by Yahwh's powr and thir dfat of th two kings of th Amorits, Sihon and Og. It is against this background of His activity on 261 thir bhalf that Yahwh claims thir allgianc. So far, this passag rads: This is th Law which Moss st bfor th sons of Isral. Ths [ar] th tstimonis and th statuts and th judicial vrdicts which Moss spok to th sons of Isral whn thy cam out of Egypt. [H spok ths things] byond th Jordan, in th vally opposit Bth-por, in th land of Sihon ([who was] th king of th Amorits, who livd in Hshbon, who Moss and th sons of Isral dfatd whn thy cam out of Egypt). Th Isralits [lit., thy] took possssion of his land, along with th land of Og (th king of Bashan). [Ths wr] two Amorit kings who [wr] byond th Jordan, to th ast (whr th sun riss), From accssd May 13, 2015.

391 5715 Th Book of Dutronomy Ptr Ptt: Th significanc of th taking of th land of th Amorits cannot b ovrmphasisd. It was th Amorits who had drivn thir fathrs out of Canaan (Dutronomy 1:44), and now thy thmslvs had put th Amorits to flight. And what was mor thy had takn possssion of thir land and possssions, and th larg dimnsions of that possssion ar clarly statd. Thy strtchd from Mount Hrmon in th north, to Aror on th banks of th Arnon to th south, and includd th Arabah, th Jordan rift vally on its astrn banks, from th sa of Chinnrth down to th Dad Sa (th Salt Sa) undr th slops of th Pisgah. Compar Dutronomy 3:17. Th prvious rvrs had bn 262 mor than compnsatd for. All this land was ast of Jordan. Ths victoris wr quit stunning and ar mntiond in svral placs in Scriptur: Dut. 2: : :7 8; Num. 21: Dutronomy 4:48a Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs min (îäï) [pronouncd mihn] from, away from, out from, out of from, off, on account of, sinc, abov, than, so that not, byond, mor than prposition of sparation Strong's #4480 BDB #577 Ãrô êr (òâøéòåø) [pronouncd ìuh-row- ÌAIR] nakd, bar; junipr (or som kind of tr or bush) and is translitratd Aror propr singular noun Strong s #6177 BDB #792 ãshr (àâéùæø) [pronouncd ash-er] that, which, whn, who, whom; whr rlativ pronoun Strong's #834 BDB #81 al (òçì) [pronouncd ìahl] upon, byond, on, against, abov, ovr, by, bsid prposition of proximity Strong s #5920, #5921 BDB #752 sâphâh (ùòèôèä) [pronouncd saw- FAWH] lip, tongu; words, spch; dialct, languag; dg, bordr [or, lip] [of somthing], shor fminin singular construct Strong s #8193 BDB #973 nachal (ðçççì) [pronouncd NAHKH-al ] brook, torrnt; vally masculin singular construct Strong's #5158 BDB #636 Ar nôn (àçøàðéï) [pronouncd ahr-nohn] rushing stram; translitratd Arnon propr singular noun: Strong s #769 BDB #75 BDB: [Th Arnon is] a rivr and surrounding vally in south Palstin, forms th bordr btwn Moab and th Amorits. Translation:...from Aror, which is on th dg of th vally of Arnon... Thn th boundaris of th land which Isral took ar givn. This is th southrn lin of th land which thy took. 262 From accssd May 13, 2015.

392 Dutronomy Chaptr Dutronomy 4:48b Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs w (or v ) (åà or åì) [pronouncd wh] and, vn, thn; namly; whn; sinc, that; though; as wll as simpl wâw conjunction No Strong s # BDB #251 ad (òçã) [pronouncd ìahd] as far as, vn to, up to, until prposition of duration or of limits Strong s #5704 BDB #723 har (äçø) [pronouncd har] hill; mountain, mount; hillcountry, a mountainous ara, mountain rgion masculin singular construct Strong s #2022 (and #2042) BDB #249 Sîy ôn (ùòäéàéï) [pronouncd s-ohn] lofty; translitratd Sion propr singular noun location Strong s #7865 BDB #763 This is anothr nam for Mount Hrmon. Th NET Bibl: Mount Siyon (th Hbrw nam is ùòäéàéï [si on], not to b confusd with Zion [öäéìåéï, tsiyyon]) is 263 anothr nam for Mount Hrmon, also calld Sirion and Snir (cf. Dut 3:9). hûw (äåìà) [pronouncd hoo] h, it; himslf as a dmonstrativ pronoun: that, this (on); sam rd 3 prson masculin singular, prsonal pronoun; somtims th vrb to b, is implid Strong s #1931 BDB #214 Chr môwn (çæøàîåéï) [pronouncd khhr - MOHN] sanctuary; sacrd [mountain]; and is translitratd Hrmon propr noun mountain Strong s #2768 BDB #356 Translation:...and wnt as far as Mount Sirion (which [is Mount] Hrmon). This continus to giv th boundaris of th land. Mount Hrmon was calld Sirion (possibly Sion?) by th Sidonians and Snir by th Amorits Dut. 3:9). Sion is th propr noun found in this vrs, not Zion. Gill: th lands of ths two kings conqurd by Isral rachd from th city Aror on th rivr Arnon 264 to Mount Hrmon, th on bing th southrn, th othr th northrn boundary of thm. Barns Nots also points out that Sion should not b confusd with Zion. Just so you can s ths similar nouns in th Hbrw: Similar Propr Nouns English Sion Zion Sirion Sidon Snir Translitration Sîy ôn Tsîyyôwn Siryôn Tsîydônîy S nîyr Hbrw ùòäéàéï öäéìåéï ùòäøàééï öäéãéðäé ùòàðäéø Pronunciation s-ohn ts-yohn sir-yohn ts-doh-nee shn-eer From accssd April 10, 2015 (footnot). Dr. John Gill, John Gill s Exposition of th Entir Bibl; from -Sword, Dut. 4:48. Altrnatly, Shiryôwn (ïé å é ø Ó ò) [pronouncd shir-yone]. Altrnatly, Sh nîyr (ø é ð ò ) [pronouncd sh'n-eer]. Ó 266

393 5717 Th Book of Dutronomy Similar Propr Nouns English Sion Zion Sirion Sidon Snir Strong's # BDB # Gill: Hr Hrmon has anothr nam Sion, and is to b carfully distinguishd from Mount Zion nar Jrusalm; it lying in a diffrnt country, and bing writtn with a diffrnt lttr in th Hbrw languag. In th Sptuagint 267 vrsion it is calld Son, and by th Targums of Jonathan and Jrusalm th mount of snow. As you can s, although ths ar fairly clos words in th bastardizd English translitration, in thir mor accurat translitrations and in th Hbrw, ths ar all fairly dissimilar words. Dutronomy 4:49a Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs w (or v ) (åà or åì) [pronouncd wh] and, vn, thn; namly; whn; sinc, that; though; as wll as simpl wâw conjunction No Strong s # BDB #251 kôl (ëìéì) [pronouncd kohl] th whol, all of, th ntirty of, all; can also b rndrd any of masculin singular construct followd by a dfinit articl Strong s #3605 BDB #481 Ãrâbâh (or, ãrâbâh) (òâøèáèä) [pronouncd guhraw b -VAW] plain; arid, stril rgion; a dsrt; translitratd Arabah with th dfinit articl somtims a propr noun; fminin singular noun; with th dfinit articl Strong s #6160 BDB #787 With th dfinit articl, ãrâbâh oftn rfrs to th vally which runs from th Sa of Chinnrth (th Sa of Galil) down to th Gulf of Aqaba. êbr (òåáæø) [pronouncd B ÌAY -vr] rgion byond [across]; rgion on th othr sid [of a vally, stram, sa]; th opposit rgion [sid]; byond, sid masculin singular construct Strong's #5676 BDB #719 Yâr dên (éèøàãåï) [pronouncd yar -DAYN] dscndr; flowing downward; th watring plac; translitratd Jordan propr noun with th dfinit articl Strong s #3383 BDB #434 miz râch (îäæàøèç) [pronouncd miz - RAHKH] astward, ast, plac of sun rising masculin singular noun with th hê local Strong s #4217 BDB #280 Translation: [This includs] all of th Arabah ast of th Jordan,... This is just a furthr dscription of th land which, so far, had bn capturd by th Isralits. W find th word arabah usd in a numbr of ways. 267 Dr. John Gill, John Gill s Exposition of th Entir Bibl; from -Sword, Dut. 4:48.

394 Dutronomy Chaptr Th word Arabah is usd ovr 60 tims in th Bibl, so it would b hlpful to not th way in which this word is usd: Th Primary Uss of th Trm Arabah 1. Most undrstand th Arabah to rfr to a thin strtch of land which xtnds all th way from th southrn tip of th Sa of Galil, around th Jordan Rivr, around th Dad Sa (principally on th ast sid), and thn xtnding down from th southrn tip of th Dad Sa to th northrn tip of th Rd Sa. Psalm 68:4 is on of th fw passags which probably taks in that ntir ara. 2. Th ara most commonly notd on a map calld th Arabah is that strip of land btwn th southrn tip of th Dad Sa down to th northrn tip of th Rd Sa. Although this map sms to indicat that th Arabah is only south of th Dad Sa, it taks in much of th ara around th Dad Sa on up along th Rivr Jricho to th Sa of Galil. From 3. Th word arabah simply mans plains, wildrnss, dsrt, unpopulatd ara (Joshua 4:13 5:10 8:14 11:2 12:7 8 Job 39:6 Isa. 33:9 Jr. 5:6 50:11 13). It is also usd in a mtaphorical sns, which matchs th dsrt wildrnss of th land with th condition of mn s souls and motivations (Isa. 51:3). 4. Givn this maning of th word, thr ar a numbr of placs throughout th Bibl which ar calld th Arabah, but it is possibly to b takn in a mor gnral sns. 5. W hav on possibl passag which taks in most of this ara. Th psalmist calls for th radr to Sing to God, sing prais to His nam; lift up a song for Him who rids in th arabah s, by His nam Jhovah; ya, xult in His prsnc in Psalm 68:4. Th plural us of arabah may purposly includ th various rgions which ar givn that nam. This, at first, can b a vry difficult passag to intrprt, mostly bcaus of th KJV s poor translation hr (thy translat arabah as havns hr). Bcaus of this, many othr translations follow suit. Th xgsis of Psalm 68 is found hr:

395 5719 Th Book of Dutronomy Th Primary Uss of th Trm Arabah 6. W find it usd svral tims to rfr to th plains of Moab, which is ast of th Dad Sa. Num. 22:1 26:3, 63 31:12 33: :1 36:13 Dut. 2:8 34:1 Joshua 13:32. Arabah is usd hr to indicats that thy ar in an arid, unpopulatd ara in Moab, which is in stark contrast to th Land of Promis, which is a land flowing with milk and hony. 7. Arabah cam to b usd of th ara ast of th Dad Sa (which is mostly quivalnt to th plains of Moab) and northward to tak in th ara ast of th Jordan. This is, in part, th land givn ovr to th trib of Rubn (this would hav bn pasturs, primarily). Dut. 1:1 2 3:17, 20, 25 4:49 34:1, 8 8. Th arabah is th vally ara around th Jordan Rivr. 2Sam. 2:29 4:7 2Kings 25:4 5 Jr. 39:4 5 52:7 8 Amos 6:14 9. Th southrn Judæan dsrt ara. 1Sam. 23:24 Ezk. 47:6 10 (compar Zch. 14:8) 10. Th Sa of th Arabah is anothr nam for th Salt Sa (th Dad Sa). Dut. 3:17 Joshua 12:3 11. Th way of th Arabah or th Arabah Road sms to b a north-south rout or road which bgins at th northrn tip of th Rd Sa, in Elath and Ezion-Gbr, and movs northward to Edom (south of th Dad Sa), and thn ithr continus or starts up again wst of th Dad Sa running from at last Hbron (25 mils south of Jrusalm) to Jricho (north of Jrusalm). Dut. 2:8 2Sam. 4:7 2Kings 25:4. Th complt doctrin can b found at: and th pdf vrsion is at Dutronomy 4:49b Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs w (or v ) (åà or åì) [pronouncd wh] and, vn, thn; namly; whn; sinc, that; though; as wll as simpl wâw conjunction No Strong s # BDB #251 ad (òçã) [pronouncd ìahd] as far as, vn to, up to, until prposition of duration or of limits Strong s #5704 BDB #723 yâm (éèí) [pronouncd yawm] sa, lak, rivr, saward, wst, wstward masculin singular construct Strong s #3220 BDB #410 Ãrâbâh (or, ãrâbâh) (òâøèáèä) [pronouncd guhraw b -VAW] plain; arid, stril rgion; a dsrt; translitratd Arabah with th dfinit articl somtims a propr noun; fminin singular noun; with th dfinit articl Strong s #6160 BDB #787 tachath (úìçççú) [pronouncd TAHkhahth] undrnath, blow, undr, bnath; instad of, in liu of; in th plac [in which on stands]; in xchang for; on th basis of prposition Strong s #8478 BDB #1065 ash dôth (àçùàãìéú) [pronouncd ahsh- DOTH] foundation; slops, mountain slops; cliffs; translitratd Ashdoth fminin plural construct Strong s #794 & #798 BDB #78 It is unclar whthr this is a propr noun, or a dscriptor for a propr noun. It is not usd anywhr ls as a noun. Although Owns lists this as BDB #78, it is only locatd in my BDB #820. #798 is th plural of Strong s #794 BDB #78, whr all of its locations and forms ar found.

396 Dutronomy Chaptr Dutronomy 4:49b Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs Th NET Bibl: Th maning of th Hbrw trm àçùàãìéú ( ashdot) is unclar. It is usually translatd ithr 268 slops (ASV, NAB, NIV) or watrshd (NEB). 269 Kaplan suggsts rapids or watrfall. Piç gâh (ôìäñàâìèä) [pronouncd pihs-gaw] clft; translitratd Pisgah propr singular noun with th dfinit articl Strong s #6449 BDB #820 Translation:...[going] as far as th Sa of th Arabah, undr th slops of Pisgah. This is th wstrn boundary of th land takn from Og and Sihon. Ptr Ptt: Th dlivranc from Egypt togthr with th taking of ths lands was to b sn as proof positiv that soon Canaan would b thirs. Yahwh, th grat Dlivrr from Egypt and conquror of th Amorit kings, was fighting for thm in a holy war, a war which was to fulfil His judgmnt on th Canaanits/Amorits, and would stablish a rightous thocracy in th land...w hav a rmindr hr that oftn whn w hav facd a dfat in our livs, onc w ar rstord God graciously causs 270 us to fac th sam nmy again so that w might prov th victor. Th slops of Pisgah is somtims translitratd Ashdoth-pisgah (Dut. 3:17 Joshua 12:3 13:20). Th Pulpit Commntary: At Sinai thir fathrs and thmslvs had witnssd aw-inspiring wondrs. Th mount was th cntr of quaking and far. Evn Moss had to yild to th panorama of trror, and to say, "I xcdingly far and quak." But now in Moab all around thm is bright and hopful. Mrcy ncompassd thm, and so thy wr mor likly to ntr into th spirit of th Law, which 271 Moss maks out to b lov. (Dut. 6:1-5). Whn I am uncrtain of a position, I simply list all of th logical possibilitis first. Whr dos Dutronomy 4:44 49 blong? Who put it hr? Thory This short dscription nds th first srmon of Moss. This actually is th bginning for th srmon of Dut Commntators A thortical position that no on I could find took. Barns: Ths vrss would b mor proprly assignd to th nxt chaptr. Thy ar intndd to srv as th announcmnt and introduction of th 272 addrss now to b commncd. Matthw Hnry: [This is] Th introduction to anothr srmon that Moss 273 prachd to Isral, which w hav in th following chaptrs. 268 From (footnot); on March 15, From (footnot); accssd March 15, From accssd May 13, Th Pulpit Commntary; ; by Josph S. Exll, Hnry Donald Mauric Spnc-Jons, from -sword, Dut. 4: Albrt Barns, Barns Nots on th Old Tstamnt; from -Sword, Dut. 4: Matthw Hnry, Commntary on th Whol Bibl; from -Sword, Dut. 4:41 49.

397 5721 Th Book of Dutronomy Whr dos Dutronomy 4:44 49 blong? Who put it hr? Thory Commntators This is narly th univrsal opinion: Jamison, Fausst and Brown: This is a prfac to th rharsal of th law, which, with th addition of various 274 xplanatory circumstancs, th following chaptrs contain. Trasury of Scriptural Knowldg: This is vidntly an introduction to th discours of th subsqunt chaptrs. Moss having practically improvd som particulars in th history of Isral, procdd to rpat and nforc th laws which h had dlivrd bfor, with additions and xplanations, bginning with th tn 275 commandmnts. Bnson: [This passag is] Mor particularly and fully xprssd in th following chaptr, to which ths words 276 ar an introduction. Cambridg Bibl: [This passag is] a frsh hading at this point-btwn th two distinct sts of discourss 277 Dutronomy 1:6 to Dutronomy 4:40 and Dutronomy This short paragraph tis togthr th first and scond srmons. This is som vrbiag addd hundrds of yars latr by somon ls. Anothr thortical position which was not takn by anyon that I could find. th Frrar Fnton provids us with this 4 option: Vv ar also a not of an ancint ditor, probably Ezra, as th rmark that Moss was on th Eastrn sid of Jordan indicats th commntator as looking from th Wstrn sid - say, Jrusalm. All ths ar intrnal proofs of th 278 authnticity of th main txt. - F, F. Th Cambridg Bibl spnt considrabl tim comparing ths two narrativ sctions (vv and 44 49) and thy did giv som vidnc that ths sctions hav a diffrnt writing styl (maning that thy could hav bn writtn by diffrnt popl and vn at diffrnt tims). Howvr, I did not find it worthwhil to includ or summariz that discussion. Chaptr Outlin Charts, Graphics and Short Doctrins Chaptr Outlin Charts, Graphics and Short Doctrins Bginning of Documnt Doctrins Covrd and Alludd to Chaptrs of th Bibl Alludd to or Appropriatly Exgtd with this Chaptr Dfinition of Trms Introduction Addndum 274 Robrt Jamison, A. R. Fausst and David Brown; Commntary Critical and Explanatory on th Whol Bibl; 1871; from -sword, Dut. 4: Trasury of Scriptural Knowldg; by Cann, Brown, Blayny, Scott, and othrs about 1880, with introduction by R. A. Torry; courtsy of E-sword, Dut. 4: From accssd May 11, From accssd May 11, From accssd April 10, 2015.

398 Dutronomy Chaptr Exgtical Studis in Dutronomy Addndum Whn I study a chaptr of th Bibl, on of th qustions which I narly always hav is, why is this chaptr in th Word of God? Why Dutronomy 4 is in th Word of God 1. Moss complts his first srmon in this chaptr. 2. Moss taks svral xampls of God s intraction with th popl of Isral and how H has bn with thm. 3. Moss xplains why idolatry is not accptabl to God. 4. Moss xplains why this gnration bfor him ar uniqu in th history of mankind (thy witnssd grat signs of God and hard His voic). 5. Moss dscribs what will happn to th dscndants of ths Isralits in th futur. H dscribs th th 5 Stag of National disciplin. 6. Portions of this chaptr giv intrnal proofs that Moss wrot Dutronomy. Lik all chaptrs of th Bibl, this is ssntial. Chaptr Outlin Charts, Graphics and Short Doctrins Thr ar a grat many things to b studid in th book of Dutronomy; hr ar a fw of th studis that w mbarkd on and larnd from. What W Larn from Dutronomy 4 1. W studid Dutronomy and th Suzrain tratis. 2. W distinguishd btwn statuts and ordinancs (judicial dcisions). 3. W find that it is rasonabl and logical to assum that this was part of a srmon writtn and dlivrd by Moss; and thr is no rason to think that anyon wrot this hundrds of yars latr. 4. W studid how to choos a good church. 5. W studid th ancint law cods and th cod of Hammurabi and its rlationship to Moss. 6. W studid th Far of th Lord. 7. W studid th Tn Commandmnts. 8. W had many contmporary applications: prsidnts who lookd to chang th Unitd Stats Constitution; Prsidnt Obama making illgal alins lgal; and th currnt misintrprtation of history. 9. W studid svral doctrins of Idolatry. 10. W studid th catgoris of rasons why Moss is not going into th land. 11. W studid th xclusivity of th God of Isral. 12. W studid two nations undr God: Isral and th Unitd Stats. 13. W studid th historic insrtion of chaptr and vrs divisions. 14. W studid th diffrncs btwn th introductions to th first and scond srmons of Moss. Chaptr Outlin Charts, Graphics and Short Doctrins

399 5723 Th Book of Dutronomy Th ancint historian Josphus sms to tak th Old Tstamnt txts at fac valu and uss thm to rcord th history of this ra. Josphus History of this Tim Priod CHAPTER 8. THE POLITY SETTLED BY MOSES; AND HOW HE DISAPPEARED FROM AMONG MANKIND. 1. WHEN forty yars wr compltd, within thirty days, Moss gathrd th congrgation togthr nar Jordan, whr th city Abila now stands, a plac full of palm-trs; and all th popl bing com togthr, h spak thus to thm: - 2. "O you Isralits and fllow soldirs, who hav bn partnrs with m in this long and unasy journy; sinc it is now th will of God, and th cours of old ag, at a hundrd and twnty, rquirs it that I should dpart out of this lif; and sinc God has forbiddn m to b a patron or an assistant to you in what rmains to b don byond Jordan; I thought it rasonabl not to lav off my ndavors vn now for your happinss, but to do my utmost to procur for you th trnal njoymnt of good things, and a mmorial for myslf, whn you shall b in th fruition of grat plnty and prosprity. Com, thrfor, lt m suggst to you by what mans you may h happy, and may lav an trnal prosprous possssion throf to your childrn aftr you, and thn lt m thus go out of th world; and I cannot but dsrv to b blivd by you, both on account of th grat things I hav alrady don for you, and bcaus, whn souls ar about to lav th body, thy spak with th sincrst frdom. O childrn of Isral! thr is but on sourc of happinss for all mankind, th favor of God (15) for h alon is abl to giv good things to thos that dsrv thm, and to dpriv thos of thm that sin against him; towards whom, if you bhav yourslvs according to his will, and according to what I, who wll undrstand his mind, do xhort you to, you will both b stmd blssd, and will b admird by all mn; and will nvr com into misfortuns, nor cas to b happy: you will thn prsrv th possssion of th good things you alrady hav, and will quickly obtain thos that you ar at prsnt in want of, - only do you b obdint to thos whom God would hav you to follow. Nor do you prfr any othr constitution of govrnmnt bfor th laws now givn you; nithr do you disrgard that way of Divin worship which you now hav, nor chang it for any othr form: and if you do this, you will b th most couragous of all mn, in undrgoing th fatigus of war, and will not b asily conqurd by any of your nmis; for whil God is prsnt with you to assist you, it is to b xpctd that you will b abl to dspis th opposition of all mankind; and grat rwards of virtu ar proposd for you, if you prsrv that virtu through your whol livs. Virtu itslf is indd th principal and th first rward, and aftr that it bstows abundanc of othrs; so that your xrcis of virtu towards othr mn will mak your own livs happy, and rndr you mor glorious than forignrs can b, and procur you an undisputd rputation with postrity. Ths blssings you will b abl to obtain, in cas you harkn to and obsrv thos laws which, by Divin rvlation, I hav ordaind for you; that is, in cas you withal mditat upon th wisdom that is in thm. I am going from you myslf, rjoicing in th good things you njoy; and I rcommnd you to th wis conduct of your law, to th bcoming ordr of your polity, and to th virtus of your commandrs, who will tak car of what is for your advantag. And that God, who has bn till now your Ladr, and by whos goodwill I hav myslf bn usful to you, will not put a priod now to his providnc ovr you, but as long as you dsir to hav him your Protctor in your pursuits aftr virtu, so long will you njoy his car ovr you. Your high prist also Elazar, as wll as Joshua, with th snat, and chif of your tribs, will go bfor you, and suggst th bst advics to you; by following which advics you will continu to b happy: to whom do you giv ar without rluctanc, as snsibl that all such as know wll how to b govrnd, will also know how to govrn, if thy b promotd to that authority thmslvs. And do not you stm librty to consist in opposing such dirctions as your govrnors think fit to giv you for your practic, - as at prsnt indd you plac your librty in nothing ls but abusing your bnfactors; which rror if you can avoid for th tim to com, your affairs will b in a bttr condition than thy hav hithrto bn. Nor do you vr indulg such a dgr of passion in ths mattrs, as you hav oftntims don whn you hav bn vry angry at m; for you know that I hav bn oftnr in dangr of dath from you than from our nmis. What I now put you in mind of, is not don in ordr to rproach you; for I do not think it propr, now I am going out of th world, to bring this to your rmmbranc, in ordr to lav you offndd at m, sinc, at th tim whn

400 Dutronomy Chaptr Josphus History of this Tim Priod I undrwnt thos hardships from you, I was not angry at you; but I do it in ordr to mak you wisr hraftr, and to tach you that this will b for your scurity; I man, that you nvr b injurious to thos that prsid ovr you, vn whn you ar bcom rich, as you will h to a grat dgr whn you hav passd ovr Jordan, and ar in possssion of th land of Canaan. Sinc, whn you shall hav onc procdd so far by your walth, as to a contmpt and disrgard of virtu, you will also forfit th favor of God; and whn you hav mad him your nmy, you will b batn in war, and will hav th land which you possss takn away again from you by your nmis, and this with grat rproachs upon your conduct. You will b scattrd ovr th whol world, and will, as slavs, ntirly fill both sa and land; and whn onc you hav had th xprinc of what I now say, you will rpnt, and rmmbr th laws you hav brokn, whn it is too lat. Whnc I would advis you, if you intnd to prsrv ths laws, to lav non of your nmis aliv whn you hav conqurd thm, but to look upon it as for your advantag to dstroy thm all, lst, if you prmit thm to liv, you tast of thir mannrs, and thrby corrupt your own propr institutions. I also do furthr xhort you, to ovrthrow thir altars, and thir grovs, and whatsovr tmpls thy hav among thm, and to burn all such, thir nation, and thir vry mmory with fir; for by this mans alon th safty of your own happy constitution can b firmly scurd to you. And in ordr to prvnt your ignoranc of virtu, and th dgnracy of your natur into vic, I hav also ordaind you laws, by Divin suggstion, and a form of govrnmnt, which ar so good, that if you rgularly obsrv thm, you will b stmd of all mn th most happy." 3. Whn h had spokn thus, h gav thm th laws and th constitution of govrnmnt writtn in a book. Upon which th popl fll into tars, and appard alrady touchd with th sns that thy should hav a grat want of thir conductor, bcaus thy rmmbrd what a numbr of dangrs h had passd through, and what car h had takn of thir prsrvation: thy dspondd about what would com upon thm aftr h was dad, and thought thy should nvr hav anothr govrnor lik him; and fard that God would thn tak lss car of thm whn Moss was gon, who usd to intrcd for thm. Thy also rpntd of what thy had said to him in th wildrnss whn thy wr angry, and wr in grif on thos accounts, insomuch that th whol body of th popl fll into tars with such bittrnss, that it was past th powr of words to comfort thm in thir affliction. Howvr, Moss gav thm som consolation; and by calling thm off th thought how worthy h was of thir wping for him, h xhortd thm to kp to that form of govrnmnt h had givn thm; and thn th congrgation was dissolvd at that tim. 4. Accordingly, I shall now first dscrib this form of govrnmnt which was agrabl to th dignity and virtu of Moss; and shall thrby inform thos that rad ths Antiquitis, what our original sttlmnts wr, and shall thn procd to th rmaining historis. Now thos sttlmnts ar all still in writing, as h lft thm; and w shall add nothing by way of ornamnt, nor any thing bsids what Moss lft us; only w shall so far innovat, as to digst th svral kinds of laws into a rgular systm; for thy wr by him lft in writing as thy wr accidntally scattrd in thir dlivry, and as h upon inquiry had larnd thm of God. On which account I hav thought it ncssary to prmis this obsrvation bforhand, lst any of my own countrymn should blam m, as having bn guilty of an offns hrin. Now part of our constitution will includ th laws that blong to our political stat. As for thos laws which Moss lft concrning our common convrsation and intrcours on with anothr, I hav rsrvd that for a discours concrning our mannr of lif, and th occasions of thos laws; which I propos to myslf, with God's assistanc, to writ, aftr I hav finishd th work I am now upon. 5. Whn you hav possssd yourslvs of th land of Canaan, and hav lisur to njoy th good things of it, and whn you hav aftrward dtrmind to build citis, if you will do what is plasing to God, you will hav a scur stat of happinss. Lt thr b thn on city of th land of Canaan, and this situat in th most agrabl plac for its goodnss, and vry minnt in itslf, and lt it b that which God shall choos for himslf by prophtic rvlation. Lt thr also b on tmpl thrin, and on altar, not rard of hwn stons, but of such as you gathr togthr at random; which stons, whn thy ar whitd ovr with mortar, will hav a handsom apparanc, and b bautiful to th sight. Lt th ascnt to it b not by stps (16) but by an acclivity of raisd arth. And lt thr b nithr an altar nor a tmpl in any othr city; for God is but on, and th nation of th Hbrws is but on.

401 5725 Th Book of Dutronomy Josphus History of this Tim Priod 6. H that blasphmth God, lt him b stond; and lt him hang upon a tr all that day, and thn lt him b burid in an ignominious and obscur mannr. 7. Lt thos that liv as rmot as th bounds of th land which th Hbrws shall possss, com to that city whr th tmpl shall b, and this thr tims in a yar, that thy may giv thanks to God for his formr bnfits, and may ntrat him for thos thy shall want hraftr; and lt thm, by this mans, maintain a frindly corrspondnc with on anothr by such mtings and fastings togthr, for it is a good thing for thos that ar of th sam stock, and undr th sam institution of laws, not to b unacquaintd with ach othr; which acquaintanc will b maintaind by thus convrsing togthr, and by sing and talking with on anothr, and so rnwing th mmorials of this union; for if thy do not thus convrs togthr continually, thy will appar lik mr strangrs to on anothr. 8. Lt thr b takn out of your fruits a tnth, bsids that which you hav allottd to giv to th prists and Lvits. This you may indd sll in th country, but it is to b usd in thos fasts and sacrifics that ar to b clbratd in th holy city; for it is fit that you should njoy thos fruits of th arth which God givs you to possss, so as may b to th honor of th donor. 9. You ar not to offr sacrifics out of th hir of a woman who is a harlot (17) for th Dity is not plasd with any thing that ariss from such abuss of natur; of which sort non can b wors than this prostitution of th body. In lik mannr no on may tak th pric of th covring of a bitch, ithr of on that is usd in hunting, or in kping of shp, and thnc sacrific to God. 10. Lt no on blasphm thos gods which othr citis stm such; (18) nor may any on stal what blongs to strang tmpls, nor tak away th gifts that ar ddicatd to any god. 11. Lt not any on of you war a garmnt mad of wooln and linn, for that is appointd to b for th prists alon. 12. Whn th multitud ar assmbld togthr unto th holy city for sacrificing vry svnth yar, at th fast of tabrnacls, lt th high prist stand upon a high dsk, whnc h may b hard, and lt him rad th laws to all th popl; and lt nithr th womn nor th childrn b hindrd from haring, no, nor th srvants nithr; for it is a good thing that thos laws should b ngravn in thir souls, and prsrvd in thir mmoris, that so it may not b possibl to blot thm out; for by this mans thy will not b guilty of sin, whn thy cannot plad ignoranc of what th laws hav njoind thm. Th laws also will hav a gratr authority among thm, as fortlling what thy will suffr if thy brak thm; and imprinting in thir souls by this haring what thy command thm to do, that so thr may always b within thir minds that intntion of th laws which thy hav dspisd and brokn, and hav thrby bn th causs of thir own mischif. Lt th childrn also larn th laws, as th first thing thy ar taught, which will b th bst thing thy can b taught, and will b th caus of thir futur flicity. 13. Lt vry on commmorat bfor God th bnfits which h bstowd upon thm at thir dlivranc out of th land of Egypt, and this twic vry day, both whn th day bgins and whn th hour of slp coms on, gratitud bing in its own natur a just thing, and srving not only by way of rturn for past, but also by way of invitation of futur favors. Thy ar also to inscrib th principal blssings thy hav rcivd from God upon thir doors, and show th sam rmmbranc of thm upon thir arms; as also thy ar to bar on thir forhad and thir arm thos wondrs which dclar th powr of God, and his good-will towards thm, that God's radinss to blss thm may appar vry whr conspicuous about thm. (19) 14. Lt thr b svn mn to judg in vry city, (20) and ths such as hav bn bfor most zalous in th xrcis of virtu and rightousnss. Lt vry judg hav two officrs allottd him out of th trib of Lvi. Lt thos that ar chosn to judg in th svral citis b had in grat honor; and lt non b prmittd to rvil any othrs whn ths ar prsnt, nor to carry thmslvs in an insolnt mannr to thm; it bing natural that

402 Dutronomy Chaptr Josphus History of this Tim Priod rvrnc towards thos in high offics among mn should procur mn's far and rvrnc towards God. Lt thos that judg b prmittd to dtrmin according as thy think to b right, unlss any on can show that thy hav takn bribs, to th prvrsion of justic, or can allg any othr accusation against thm, whrby it may appar that thy hav passd an unjust sntnc; for it is not fit that causs should b opnly dtrmind out of rgard to gain, or to th dignity of th suitors, but that th judgs should stm what is right bfor all othr things, othrwis God will by that mans b dspisd, and stmd infrior to thos, th drad of whos powr has occasiond th unjust sntnc; for justic is th powr of God. H thrfor that gratifis thos in grat dignity, supposs thm mor potnt than God himslf. But if ths judgs b unabl to giv a just sntnc about th causs that com bfor thm, (which cas is not unfrqunt in human affairs,) lt thm snd th caus undtrmind to th holy city, and thr lt th high prist, th propht, and th sanhdrim, dtrmin as it shall sm good to thm. 15. But lt not a singl witnss b crditd, but thr, or two at th last, and thos such whos tstimony is confirmd by thir good livs. But lt not th tstimony of womn b admittd, on account of th lvity and boldnss of thir sx (21) Nor lt srvants b admittd to giv tstimony, on account of th ignobility of thir soul; sinc it is probabl that thy may not spak truth, ithr out of hop of gain, or far of punishmnt. But if any on b blivd to hav born fals witnss, lt him, whn h is convictd, suffr all th vry sam punishmnts which h against whom h bor witnss was to hav suffrd. 16. If a murdr b committd in any plac, and h that did it b not found, nor is thr any suspicion upon on as if h had hatd th man, and so had killd him, lt thr b a vry dilignt inquiry mad aftr th man, and rwards proposd to any on who will discovr him; but if still no information can b procurd, lt th magistrats and snat of thos citis that li nar th plac in which th murdr was committd, assmbl togthr, and masur th distanc from th plac whr th dad body lis; thn lt th magistrats of th narst city thrto purchas a hifr, and bring it to a vally, and to a plac thrin whr thr is no land ploughd or trs plantd, and lt thm cut th sinws of th hifr; thn th prists and Lvits, and th snat of that city, shall tak watr and wash thir hands ovr th had of th hifr; and thy shall opnly dclar that thir hands ar innocnt of this murdr, and that thy hav nithr don it thmslvs, nor bn assisting to any that did it. Thy shall also bsch God to b mrciful to thm, that no such horrid act may any mor b don in that land. 17. Aristocracy, and th way of living undr it, is th bst constitution: and may you nvr hav any inclination to any othr form of govrnmnt; and may you always lov that form, and hav th laws for your govrnors, and govrn all your actions according to thm; for you nd no suprm govrnor but God. But if you shall dsir a king, lt him b on of your own nation; lt him b always carful of justic and othr virtus prptually; lt him submit to th laws, and stm God's commands to b his highst wisdom; but lt him do nothing without th high prist and th vots of th snators: lt him not hav a grat numbr of wivs, nor pursu aftr abundanc of richs, nor a multitud of horss, whrby h may grow too proud to submit to th laws. And if h affct any such things, lt him b rstraind, lst h bcom so potnt that his stat b inconsistnt with your wlfar. 18. Lt it not b stmd lawful to rmov boundaris, nithr our own, nor of thos with whom w ar at pac. Hav a car you do not tak thos landmarks away which ar, as it wr, a divin and unshakn limitation of rights mad by God himslf, to last for vr; sinc this going byond limits, and gaining ground upon othrs, is th occasion of wars and sditions; for thos that rmov boundaris ar not far off an attmpt to subvrt th laws. 19. H that plants a pic of land, th trs of which produc fruits bfor th fourth yar, is not to bring thnc any first-fruits to God, nor is h to mak us of that fruit himslf, for it is not producd in its propr sason; for whn natur has a forc put upon hr at an unsasonabl tim, th fruit is not propr for God, nor for th mastr's us; but lt th ownr gathr all that is grown on th fourth car, for thn it is in its propr sason. And lt him that has gathrd it carry it to th holy city, and spnd that, togthr with th tith of his othr fruits, in

403 5727 Th Book of Dutronomy Josphus History of this Tim Priod fasting with his frinds, with th orphans, and th widows. But on th fifth yar th fruit is his own, and h may us it as h plass. 20. You ar not to sow with sd a pic of land which is plantd with vins, for it is nough that it supply nourishmnt to that plant, and b not harassd by ploughing also. You ar to plough your land with oxn, and not to oblig othr animals to com undr th sam yok with thm; but to till your land with thos basts that ar of th sam kind with ach othr. Th sds ar also to b pur, and without mixtur, and not to b compoundd of two or thr sorts, sinc natur dos not rjoic in th union of things that ar not in thir own natur alik; nor ar you to prmit basts of diffrnt kinds to gndr togthr, for thr is rason to far that this unnatural abus may xtnd from basts of diffrnt kinds to mn, though it taks its first ris from vil practics about such smallr things. Nor is any thing to b allowd, by imitation whrof any dgr of subvrsion may crp into th constitution. Nor do th laws nglct small mattrs, but provid that vn thos may b managd aftr an unblamabl mannr. 21. Lt not thos that rap, and gathr in th corn that is rapd, gathr in th glanings also; but lt thm rathr lav som handfuls for thos that ar in want of th ncssaris of lif, that it may b a support and a supply to thm, in ordr to thir subsistnc. In lik mannr whn thy gathr thir graps, lt thm lav som smallr bunchs for th poor, and lt thm pass ovr som of th fruits of th oliv-trs, whn thy gathr thm, and lav thm to b partakn of by thos that hav non of thir own; for th advantag arising from th xact collction of all, will not b so considrabl to th ownrs as will aris from th gratitud of th poor. And God will provid that th land shall mor willingly produc what shall b for th nourishmnt of its fruits, in cas you do not mrly tak car of your own advantag, but hav rgard to th support of othrs also. Nor ar you to muzzl th mouths of th oxn whn thy trad th ars of corn in th thrashing-floor; for it is not just to rstrain our fllow-laboring animals, and thos that work in ordr to its production, of this fruit of thir labors. Nor ar you to prohibit thos that pass by at th tim whn your fruits ar rip to touch thm, but to giv thm lav to fill thmslvs full of what you hav; and this whthr thy b of your own country or strangrs, - as bing glad of th opportunity of giving thm som part of your fruits whn thy ar rip; but lt it not b stmd lawful for thm to carry any away. Nor lt thos that gathr th graps, and carry thm to th win-prsss, rstrain thos whom thy mt from ating of thm; for it is unjust, out of nvy, to hindr thos that dsir it, to partak of th good things that com into th world according to God's will, and this whil th sason is at th hight, and is hastning away as it plass God. Nay, if som, out of bashfulnss, ar unwilling to touch ths fruits, lt thm b ncouragd to tak of thm (I man, thos that ar Isralits) as if thy wr thmslvs th ownrs and lords, on account of th kindrd thr is btwn thm. Nay, lt thm dsir mn that com from othr countris, to partak of ths tokns of frindship which God has givn in thir propr sason; for that is not to b dmd as idly spnt, which any on out of kindnss communicats to anothr, sinc God bstows plnty of good things on mn, not only for thmslvs to rap th advantag, but also to giv to othrs in a way of gnrosity; and h is dsirous, by this mans, to mak known to othrs his pculiar kindnss to th popl of Isral, and how frly h communicats happinss to thm, whil thy abundantly communicat out of thir grat suprfluitis to vn ths forignrs also. But for him that acts contrary to this law, lt him b batn with forty strips sav on (22) by th public xcutionr; lt him undrgo this punishmnt, which is a most ignominious on for a fr-man, and this bcaus h was such a slav to gain as to lay a blot upon his dignity; for it is propr for you who hav had th xprinc of th afflictions in Egypt, and of thos in th wildrnss, to mak provision for thos that ar in th lik circumstancs; and whil you hav now obtaind plnty yourslvs, through th mrcy and providnc of God, to distribut of th sam plnty, by th lik sympathy, to such as stand in nd of it. 22. Bsids thos two tiths, which I hav alrady said you ar to pay vry yar, th on for th Lvits, th othr for th fstivals, you ar to bring vry third yar a third tith to b distributd to thos that want; (23) to womn also that ar widows, and to childrn that ar orphans. But as to th rip fruits, lt thm carry that which is rip first of all into th tmpl; and whn thy hav blssd God for that land which bar thm, and which h had givn thm for a possssion, whn thy hav also offrd thos sacrifics which th law has commandd thm to bring, lt thm giv th first-fruits to th prists. But whn any on hath don this, and hath brought th

404 Dutronomy Chaptr Josphus History of this Tim Priod tith of all that h hath, togthr with thos first-fruits that ar for th Lvits, and for th fstivals, and whn h is about to go hom, lt him stand bfor th holy hous, and rturn thanks to God, that h hath dlivrd thm from th injurious tratmnt thy had in Egypt, and hath givn thm a good land, and a larg, and lts thm njoy th fruits throf; and whn h hath opnly tstifid that h hath fully paid th tiths [and othr dus] according to th laws of Moss, lt him ntrat God that h will b vr mrciful and gracious to him, and continu so to b to all th Hbrws, both by prsrving th good things which h hath alrady givn thm, and by adding what it is still in his powr to bstow upon thm. 23. Lt th Hbrws marry, at th ag fit for it, virgins that ar fr, and born of good parnts. And h that dos not marry a virgin, lt him not corrupt anothr man's wif, and marry hr, nor griv hr formr husband. Nor lt fr mn marry slavs, although thir affctions should strongly bias any of thm so to do; for it is dcnt, and for th dignity of th prsons thmslvs, to govrn thos thir affctions. And furthr, no on ought to marry a harlot, whos matrimonial oblations, arising from th prostitution of hr body, God will not rciv; for by ths mans th dispositions of th childrn will b libral and virtuous; I man, whn thy ar not born of bas parnts, and of th lustful conjunction of such as marry womn that ar not fr. If any on has bn spousd to a woman as to a virgin, and dos not aftrward find hr so to b, lt him bring his action, and accus hr, and lt him mak us of such indications (24) to prov his accusation as h is furnishd withal; and lt th fathr or th brothr of th damsl, or som on that is aftr thm narst of kin to hr, dfnd hr If th damsl obtain a sntnc in hr favor, that sh had not bn guilty, lt hr liv with hr husband that accusd hr; and lt him not hav any furthr powr at all to put hr away, unlss sh giv him vry grat occasions of suspicion, and such as can b no way contradictd. But for him that brings an accusation and calumny against his wif in an impudnt and rash mannr, lt him b punishd by rciving forty strips sav on, and lt him pay fifty shkls to hr fathr: but if th damsl b convictd, as having bn corruptd, and is on of th common popl, lt hr b stond, bcaus sh did not prsrv hr virginity till sh wr lawfully marrid; but if sh wr th daughtr of a prist, lt hr b burnt aliv. If any on has two wivs, and if h gratly rspct and b kind to on of thm, ithr out of his affction to hr, or for hr bauty, or for som othr rason, whil th othr is of lss stm with him; and if th son of hr that is blovd b th youngr by birth than anothr born of th othr wif, but ndavors to obtain th right of primognitur from his fathr's kindnss to his mothr, and would thrby obtain a doubl portion of his fathr's substanc, for that doubl portion is what I hav allottd him in th laws, - lt not this b prmittd; for it is unjust that h who is th ldr by birth should b dprivd of what is du to him, on th fathr's disposition of his stat, bcaus his mothr was not qually rgardd by him. H that hath corruptd a damsl spousd to anothr man, in cas h had hr consnt, lt both him and hr b put to dath, for thy ar both qually guilty; th man, bcaus h prsuadd th woman willingly to submit to a most impur action, and to prfr it to lawful wdlock; th woman, bcaus sh was prsuadd to yild hrslf to b corruptd, ithr for plasur or for gain. Howvr, if a man light on a woman whn sh is alon, and forcs hr, whr nobody was prsnt to com to hr assistanc, lt him only b put to dath. Lt him that hath corruptd a virgin not yt spousd marry hr; but if th fathr of th damsl b not willing that sh should b his wif, lt him pay fifty shkls as th pric of hr prostitution. H that dsirs to b divorcd from his wif for any caus (25) whatsovr, (and many such causs happn among mn,) lt him in writing giv assuranc that h will nvr us hr as his wif any mor; for by this mans sh may b at librty to marry anothr husband, although bfor this bill of divorc b givn, sh is not to b prmittd so to do: but if sh b misusd by him also, or if, whn h is dad, hr first husband would marry hr again, it shall not b lawful for hr to rturn to him. If a woman's husband di, and lav hr without childrn, lt his brothr marry hr, and lt him call th son that is born to him by his brothr's nam, and ducat him as th hir of his inhritanc, for this procdur will b for th bnfit of th public, bcaus thrby familis will not fail, and th stat will continu among th kindrd; and this will b for th solac of wivs undr thir affliction, that thy ar to b marrid to th nxt rlation of thir formr husbands. But if th brothr will not marry hr, lt th woman com bfor th snat, and protst opnly that this brothr will not admit hr for his wif, but will injur th mmory of his dcasd brothr, whil sh is willing to continu in th family, and to har him childrn. And whn th snat hav inquird of him for what rason it is that h is avrs to this marriag, whthr h givs a bad or a good rason, th mattr must com to this issu, That th woman shall loos th sandals of th brothr, and shall spit in his fac, and say, H dsrvs this rproachful tratmnt from hr, as having injurd

405 5729 Th Book of Dutronomy Josphus History of this Tim Priod th mmory of th dcasd. And thn lt him go away out of th snat, and bar this rproach upon him all his lif long; and lt hr marry to whom sh plass, of such as sk hr in marriag. But now, if any man tak captiv, ithr a virgin, or on that hath bn marrid, (26) and has a mind to marry hr, lt him not b allowd to bring hr to bd to him, or to liv with hr as his wif, bfor sh hath hr had shavn, and hath put on hr mourning habit, and lamntd hr rlations and frinds that wr slain in th battl, that by this mans sh may giv vnt to hr sorrow for thm, and aftr that may btak hrslf to fasting and matrimony; for it is good for him that taks a woman, in ordr to hav childrn by hr, to b complaisant to hr inclinations, and not mrly to pursu his own plasur, whil h hath no rgard to what is agrabl to hr. But whn thirty days ar past, as th tim of mourning, for so many ar sufficint to prudnt prsons for lamnting th darst frinds, thn lt thm procd to th marriag; but in cas whn h hath satisfid his lust, h b too proud to rtain hr for his wif, lt him not hav it in his powr to mak hr a slav, but lt hr go away whithr sh plass, and hav that privilg of a fr woman. 24. As to thos young mn that dspis thir parnts, and do not pay thm honor, but offr thm affronts, ithr bcaus thy ar ashamd of thm or think thmslvs wisr than thy, - in th first plac, lt thir parnts admonish thm in words, (for thy ar by natur of authority sufficint for bcoming thir judgs,) and lt thm say thus to thm: - That thy cohabitd togthr, not for th sak of plasur, nor for th augmntation of thir richs, by joining both thir stocks togthr, but that thy might hav childrn to tak car of thm in thir old ag, and might by thm hav what thy thn should want. And say furthr to him, "That whn thou wast born, w took th up with gladnss, and gav God th gratst thanks for th, and brought tim up with grat car, and spard for nothing that appard usful for thy prsrvation, and for thy instruction in what was most xcllnt. And now, sinc it is rasonabl to forgiv th sins of thos that ar young, lt it suffic th to hav givn so many indications Of thy contmpt of us; rform thyslf, and act mor wisly for th tim to com; considring that God is displasd with thos that ar insolnt towards thir parnts, bcaus h is himslf th Fathr of th whol rac of mankind, and sms to bar part of that dishonor which falls upon thos that hav th sam nam, whn thy do not mt with dir rturns from thir childrn. And on such th law inflicts inxorabl punishmnt; of which punishmnt mayst thou nvr hav th xprinc." Now if th insolnc of young mn b thus curd, lt thm scap th rproach which thir formr rrors dsrvd; for by this mans th lawgivr will appar to b good, and parnts happy, whil thy nvr bhold ithr a son or a daughtr brought to punishmnt. But if it happn that ths words and instructions, convyd by thm in ordr to rclaim th man, appar to b uslss, thn th offndr rndrs th laws implacabl nmis to th insolnc h has offrd his parnts; lt him thrfor b brought forth (27) by ths vry parnts out of th city, with a multitud following him, and thr lt him b stond; and whn h has continud thr for on whol day, that all th popl may s him, lt him b burid in th night. And thus it is that w bury all whom th laws condmn to di, upon any account whatsovr. Lt our nmis that fall in battl b also burid; nor lt any on dad body li abov th ground, or suffr a punishmnt byond what justic rquirs. 25. Lt no on lnd to any on of th Hbrws upon usury, nithr usury of what is atn or what is drunkn, for it is not just to mak advantag of th misfortuns of on of thy own countrymn; but whn thou hast bn assistant to his ncssitis, think it thy gain if thou obtainst thir gratitud to th; and withal that rward which will com to th from God, for thy humanity towards him. 26. Thos who hav borrowd ithr silvr or any sort of fruits, whthr dry or wt, (I man this, whn th Jwish affairs shall, by th blssing of God, b to thir own mind,) lt th borrowrs bring thm again, and rstor thm with plasur to thos who lnt thm, laying thm up, as it wr, in thir own trasuris, and justly xpcting to rciv thm thnc, if thy shall want thm again. But if thy b without sham, and do not rstor it, lt not th lndr go to th borrowr's hous, and tak a pldg himslf, bfor judgmnt b givn concrning it; but lt him rquir th pldg, and lt th dbtor bring it of himslf, without th last opposition to him that coms upon him undr th protction of th law. And if h that gav th pldg b rich, lt th crditor rtain it till what h lnt b paid him again; but if h b poor, lt him that taks it rturn it bfor th going down of th sun, spcially if th pldg b a garmnt, that th dbtor may hav it for a covring in his slp, God himslf naturally showing mrcy to th poor. It is also not lawful to tak a millston, nor any utnsil thrto blonging,

406 Dutronomy Chaptr Josphus History of this Tim Priod for a pldg, that th dbtor, may not b dprivd of instrumnts to gt thir food withal, and lst thy b undon by thir ncssity. 27. Lt dath b th punishmnt for staling a man; but h that hath purloind gold or silvr, lt him pay doubl. If any on kill a man that is staling somthing out of his hous, lt him b stmd guiltlss, although th man wr only braking in at th wall. Lt him that hath stoln cattl pay fourfold what is lost, xcpting th cas of an ox, for which lt th thif pay fivfold. Lt him that is so poor that h cannot pay what mult is laid upon him, b his srvant to whom h was adjudgd to pay it. 28. If any on b sold to on of his own nation, lt him srv him six yars, and on th svnth lt him go fr. But if h hav a son by a woman srvant in his purchasr's hous, and if, on account of his good-will to his mastr, and his natural affction to his wif and childrn, h will b his srvant still, lt him b st fr only at th coming of th yar of jubil, which is th fiftith yar, and lt him thn tak away with him his childrn and wif, and lt thm b fr also. 29. If any on find gold or silvr on th road, lt him inquir aftr him that lost it, and mak proclamation of th plac whr h found it, and thn rstor it to him again, as not thinking it right to mak his own profit by th loss of anothr. And th sam rul is to b obsrvd in cattl found to hav wandrd away into a lonly plac. If th ownr b not prsntly discovrd, lt him that is th findr kp it with himslf, and appal to God that h has not purloind what blongs to anothr. 30. It is not lawful to pass by any bast that is in distrss, whn in a storm it is falln down in th mir, but to ndavor to prsrv it, as having a sympathy with it in its pain. 31. It is also a duty to show th roads to thos who do not know thm, and not to stm it a mattr for sport, whn w hindr othrs' advantags, by stting thm in a wrong way. 32. In lik mannr, lt no on rvil a prson blind or dumb. 33. If mn striv togthr, and thr b no instrumnt of iron, lt him that is smittn b avngd immdiatly, by inflicting th sam punishmnt on him that smot him: but if whn h is carrid hom h li sick many days, and thn di, lt him that smot him not scap punishmnt; but if h that is smittn scap dath, and yt b at grat xpns for his cur, th smitr shall pay for all that has bn xpndd during th tim of his sicknss, and for all that h has paid th physician. H that kicks a woman with child, so that th woman miscarry, (28) lt him pay a fin in mony, as th judgs shall dtrmin, as having diminishd th multitud by th dstruction of what was in hr womb; and lt mony also b givn th woman's husband by him that kickd hr; but if sh di of th strok, lt him also b put to dath, th law judging it quitabl that lif should go for lif. 34. Lt no on of th Isralits kp any poison (29) that may caus dath, or any othr harm; but if h b caught with it, lt him b put to dath, and suffr th vry sam mischif that h would hav brought upon thm for whom th poison was prpard. 35. H that maimth any on, lt him undrgo th lik himslf, and b dprivd of th sam mmbr of which h hath dprivd th othr, unlss h that is maimd will accpt of mony instad of it (30) for th law maks th suffrr th judg of th valu of what h hath suffrd, and prmits him to stimat it, unlss h will b mor svr. 36. Lt him that is th ownr of an ox which pushth with his horn, kill him: but if h pushs and gors any on in th thrashing-floor, lt him b put to dath by stoning, and lt him not b thought fit for food: but if his ownr b convictd as having known what his natur was, and hath not kpt him up, lt him also b put to dath, as bing th occasion of th ox's having killd a man. But if th ox hav killd a man-srvant, or a maid-srvant, lt him b stond; and lt th ownr of th ox pay thirty shkls (31) to th mastr of him that was slain; but if

407 5731 Th Book of Dutronomy Josphus History of this Tim Priod it b an ox that is thus smittn and killd, lt both th oxn, that which smot th othr and that which was killd, b sold, and lt th ownrs of thm divid thir pric btwn thm. 37. Lt thos that dig a wll or a pit b carful to lay planks ovr thm, and so kp thm shut up, not in ordr to hindr any prsons from drawing watr, but that thr may b no dangr of falling into thm. But if any on's bast fall into such a wll or pit thus diggd, and not shut up, and prish, lt th ownr pay its pric to th ownr of th bast. Lt thr b a battlmnt round th tops of your houss instad of a wall, that may prvnt any prsons from rolling down and prishing. 38. Lt him that has rcivd any thing in trust for anothr, tak car to kp it as a sacrd and divin thing; and lt no on invnt any contrivanc whrby to dpriv him that hath intrustd it with him of th sam, and this whthr h b a man or a woman; no, not although h or sh wr to gain an immns sum of gold, and this whr h cannot b convictd of it by any body; for it is fit that a man's own conscinc, which knows what h hath, should in all cass oblig him to do wll. Lt this conscinc b his witnss, and mak him always act so as may procur him commndation from othrs; but lt him chifly hav rgard to God, from whom no wickd man can li concald: but if h in whom th trust was rposd, without any dcit of his own, los what h was intrustd withal, lt him com bfor th svn judgs, and swar by God that nothing hath bn lost willingly, or with a wickd intntion, and that h hath not mad us of any part throf, and so lt him dpart without blam; but if h hath mad us of th last part of what was committd to him, and it b lost, lt him b condmnd to rpay all that h had rcivd. Aftr th sam mannr as in ths trusts it is to b, if any on dfraud thos that undrgo bodily labor for him. And lt it b always rmmbrd, that w ar not to dfraud a poor man of his wags, as bing snsibl that God has allottd ths wags to him instad of land and othr possssions; nay, this paymnt is not at all to b dlayd, but to b mad that vry day, sinc God is not willing to dpriv th laborr of th immdiat us of what h hath labord for. 39. You ar not to punish childrn for th faults of thir parnts, but on account of thir own virtu rathr to vouchsaf thm commisration, bcaus thy wr born of wickd parnts, than hatrd, bcaus thy wr born of bad ons. Nor indd ought w to imput th sin of childrn to thir fathrs, whil young prsons indulg thmslvs in many practics diffrnt from what thy hav bn instructd in, and this by thir proud rfusal of such instruction. 40. Lt thos that hav mad thmslvs unuchs b had in dtstation; and do you avoid any convrsation with thm who hav dprivd thmslvs of thir manhood, and of that fruit of gnration which God has givn to mn for th incras of thir kind: lt such b drivn away, as if thy had killd thir childrn, sinc thy bforhand hav lost what should procur thm; for vidnt it is, that whil thir soul is bcom ffminat, thy hav withal transfusd that ffminacy to thir body also. In lik mannr do you trat all that is of a monstrous natur whn it is lookd on; nor is it lawful to gld mn or any othr animals. (32) 41. Lt this b th constitution of your political laws in tim of pac, and God will b so mrciful as to prsrv this xcllnt sttlmnt fr from disturbanc: and may that tim nvr com which may innovat any thing, and chang it for th contrary. But sinc it must nds happn that mankind fall into troubls and dangrs, ithr undsigndly or intntionally, com lt us mak a fw constitutions concrning thm, that so bing apprisd bforhand what ought to b don, you may hav salutary counsls rady whn you want thm, and may not thn b obligd to go to sk what is to b don, and so b unprovidd, and fall into dangrous circumstancs. May you b a laborious popl, and xrcis your souls in virtuous actions, and thrby possss and inhrit th land without wars; whil nithr any forignrs mak war upon it, and so afflict you, nor any intrnal sdition siz upon it, whrby you may do things that ar contrary to your fathrs, and so los th laws which thy hav stablishd. And may you continu in th obsrvation of thos laws which God hath approvd of, and hath dlivrd to you. Lt all sort of warlik oprations, whthr thy bfall you now in your own tim, or hraftr in th tims of your postrity, b don out of your own bordrs: but whn you ar about to go to war, snd mbassags and hralds to thos who ar your voluntary nmis, for it is a right thing to mak us of words to thm bfor you com to your wapons of war; and assur thm thrby, that although you hav

408 Dutronomy Chaptr Josphus History of this Tim Priod a numrous army, with horss and wapons, and, abov ths, a God mrciful to you, and rady to assist you, you do howvr dsir thm not to compl you to fight against thm, nor to tak from thm what thy hav, which will indd b our gain, but what thy will hav no rason to wish w should tak to ourslvs. And if thy harkn to you, it will b propr for you to kp pac with thm; but if thy trust in thir own strngth, as suprior to yours, and will not do you justic, lad your army against thm, making us of God as your suprm Commandr, but ordaining for a liutnant undr him on that is of th gratst courag among you; for ths diffrnt commandrs, bsids thir bing an obstacl to actions that ar to b don on th suddn, ar a disadvantag to thos that mak us of thm. Lad an army pur, and of chosn mn, composd of all such as hav xtraordinary strngth of body and hardinss of soul; but do you snd away th timorous part, lst thy run away in th tim of action, and so afford an advantag to your nmis. Do you also giv lav to thos that hav latly built thm houss, and hav not yt livd in thm a yar's tim; and to thos that hav plantd thm vinyards, and hav not yt bn partakrs of thir fruits, - to continu in thir own country; as wll as thos also who hav btrothd, or latly marrid thm wivs, lst thy hav such an affction for ths things that thy h too sparing of thir livs, and, by rsrving thmslvs for ths njoymnts, thy bcom voluntary cowards, on account of thir wivs. 42. Whn you hav pitchd your camp, tak car that you do nothing that is crul. And whn you ar ngagd in a sig; and want timbr for th making of warlik ngins, do not you rndr th land nakd by cutting down trs that bar fruit, but spar thm, as considring that thy wr mad for th bnfit of mn; and that if thy could spak, thy would hav a just pla against you, bcaus, though thy ar not occasions of th war, thy ar unjustly tratd, and suffr in it, and would, if thy wr abl, rmov thmslvs into anothr land. Whn you hav batn your nmis in battl, slay thos that hav fought against you; but prsrv th othrs aliv, that thy may pay you tribut, xcpting th nation of th Canaanits; for as to that popl, you must ntirly dstroy thm. 43, Tak car, spcially in your battls, that no woman us th habit of a man, nor man th garmnt of a woman. 44. This was th form of political govrnmnt which was lft us by Moss. Morovr, h had alrady dlivrd laws in writing (33) in th fortith yar [aftr thy cam out of Egypt], concrning which w will discours in anothr book. But now on th following days (for h calld thm to assmbl continually) h dlivrd blssings to thm, and curss upon thos that should not liv according to th laws, but should transgrss th dutis that wr dtrmind for thm to obsrv. Aftr this, h rad to thm a potic song, which was composd in hxamtr vrs, and lft it to thm in th holy book: it containd a prdiction of what was to com to pass aftrward; agrably whrto all things hav happnd all along, and do still happn to us; and whrin h has not at all dviatd from th truth. Accordingly, h dlivrd ths books to th prist, (34) with th ark; into which h also put th tn commandmnts, writtn on two tabls. H dlivrd to thm th tabrnacl also, and xhortd th popl, that whn thy had conqurd th land, and wr sttld in it, thy should not forgt th injuris of th Amalkits, but mak war against thm, and inflict punishmnt upon thm for what mischif thy did thm whn thy wr in th wildrnss; and that whn thy had got possssion of th land of th Canaanits, and whn thy had dstroyd th whol multitud of its inhabitants, as thy ought to do, thy should rct an altar that should fac th rising sun, not far from th city of Shchm, btwn th two mountains, that of Grizzim, situat on th right hand, and that calld Ebal, on th lft; and that th army should b so dividd, that six tribs should stand upon ach of th two mountains, and with thm th Lvits and th prists. And that first, thos that wr upon Mount Grizzim should pray for th bst blssings upon thos who wr dilignt about th worship of God, and th obsrvation of his laws, and who did not rjct what Moss had said to thm; whil th othr wishd thm all mannr of happinss also; and whn ths last put up th lik prayrs, th formr praisd thm. Aftr this, curss wr dnouncd upon thos that should transgrss thos laws, thy,answring on anothr altrnatly, by way of confirmation of what had bn said. Moss also wrot thir blssings and thir curss, that thy might larn thm so thoroughly, that thy might nvr b forgottn by lngth of tim. And whn h was rady to di, h wrot ths blssings and curss upon th altar, on ach sid of it; whr h says also th popl stood, and thn sacrificd and offrd burnt-offrings, though aftr

409 5733 Th Book of Dutronomy Josphus History of this Tim Priod that day thy nvr offrd upon it any othr sacrific, for it was not lawful so to do. Ths ar th constitutions of Moss; and th Hbrw nation still liv according to thm. 45. On th nxt day, Moss calld th popl togthr, with th womn and childrn, to a congrgation, so as th vry slavs wr prsnt also, that thy might ngag thmslvs to th obsrvation of ths laws by oath; and that, duly considring th maning of God in thm, thy might not, ithr for favor of thir kindrd, or out of far of any on, or indd for any motiv whatsovr, think any thing ought to b prfrrd to ths laws, and so might transgrss thm. That in cas any on of thir own blood, or any city, should attmpt to confound or dissolv thir constitution of govrnmnt, thy should tak vnganc upon thm, both all in gnral, and ach prson in particular; and whn thy had conqurd thm, should ovrturn thir city to th vry foundations, and, if possibl, should not lav th last footstps of such madnss: but that if thy wr not abl to tak such vnganc, thy should still dmonstrat that what was don was contrary to thir wills. So th multitud bound thmslvs by oath so to do. 46. Moss taught thm also by what mans thir sacrifics might b th most accptabl to God; and how thy should go forth to war, making us of th stons (in th high prist's brastplat) for thir dirction, (35) as I hav bfor signifid. Joshua also prophsid whil Moss was prsnt. And whn Moss had rcapitulatd whatsovr h had don for th prsrvation of th popl, both in thir wars and in pac, and had composd thm a body of laws, and procurd thm an xcllnt form of govrnmnt, h fortold, as God had dclard to him "That if thy transgrssd that institution for th worship of God, thy should xprinc th following misris: - Thir land should b full of wapons of war from thir nmis, and thir citis should b ovrthrown, and thir tmpl should b burnt that thy should b sold for slavs, to such mn as would hav no pity on thm in thir afflictions; that thy would thn rpnt, whn that rpntanc would no way profit thm undr thir suffrings. "Yt," said h, "will that God who foundd your nation, rstor your citis to your citizns, with thir tmpl also; and you shall los ths advantags not onc only, but oftn." 47. NOW whn Moss had ncouragd Joshua to lad out th army against th Canaanits, by tlling him that God would assist him in all his undrtakings, and had blssd th whol multitud, h said, "Sinc I am going to my forfathrs, and God has dtrmind that this should b th day of my dpartur to thm, I rturn him thanks whil I am still aliv and prsnt with you, for that providnc h hath xrcisd ovr you, which hath not only dlivrd us from th misris w lay undr, but hath bstowd a stat of prosprity upon us; as also, that h hath assistd m in th pains I took, and in all th contrivancs I had in my car about you, in ordr to bttr your condition, and hath on all occasions showd himslf favorabl to us; or rathr h it was who first conductd our affairs, and brought thm to a happy conclusion, by making us of m as a vicarious gnral undr him, and as a ministr in thos mattrs whrin h was willing to do you good: on which account I think it propr to blss that Divin Powr which will tak car of you for th tim to com, and this in ordr to rpay that dbt which I ow him, and to lav bhind m a mmorial that w ar obligd to worship and honor him, and to kp thos laws which ar th most xcllnt gift of all thos h hath alrady bstowd upon us, or which, if h continu favorabl to us, h will bstow upon us hraftr. Crtainly a human lgislator is a trribl nmy whn his laws ar affrontd, and ar mad to no purpos. And may you nvr xprinc that displasur of God which will b th consqunc of th nglct of ths his laws, which h, who is your Crator, hath givn you." 48. Whn Moss had spokn thus at th nd of his lif, and had fortold what would bfall to vry on of thir tribs (36) aftrward, with th addition of a blssing to thm, th multitud fll into tars, insomuch that vn th womn, by bating thir brasts, mad manifst th dp concrn thy had whn h was about to di. Th childrn also lamntd still mor, as not abl to contain thir grif; and thrby dclard, that vn at thir ag thy wr snsibl of his virtu and mighty dds; and truly thr smd to b a strif btwixt th young and th old who should most griv for him. Th old grivd bcaus thy knw what a carful protctor thy wr to b dprivd of, and so lamntd thir futur stat; but th young grivd, not only for that, but also bcaus it so happnd that thy wr to b lft by him bfor thy had wll tastd of his virtu. Now on may mak a guss at th xcss of this sorrow and lamntation of th multitud, from what happnd to th lgislator

410 Dutronomy Chaptr Josphus History of this Tim Priod himslf; for although h was always prsuadd that h ought not to b cast down at th approach of dath, sinc th undrgoing it was agrabl to th will of God and th law of natur, yt what th popl did so ovrbor him, that h wpt himslf. Now as h wnt thnc to th plac whr h was to vanish out of thir sight, thy all followd aftr him wping; but Moss bckond with his hand to thos that wr rmot from him, and bad thm stay bhind in quit, whil h xhortd thos that wr nar to him that thy would not rndr his dpartur so lamntabl. Whrupon thy thought thy ought to grant him that favor, to lt him dpart according as h himslf dsird; so thy rstraind thmslvs, though wping still towards on anothr. All thos who accompanid him wr th snat, and Elazar th high prist, and Joshua thir commandr. Now as soon as thy wr com to th mountain calld Abarim, (which is a vry high mountain, situat ovr against Jricho, and on that affords, to such as ar upon it, a prospct of th gratst part of th xcllnt land of Canaan,) h dismissd th snat; and as h was going to mbrac Elazar and Joshua, and was still discoursing with thm, a cloud stood ovr him on th suddn, and h disappard in a crtain vally, although h wrot in th holy books that h did, which was don out of far, lst thy should vntur to say that, bcaus of his xtraordinary virtu, h wnt to God. 49. Now Moss livd in all on hundrd and twnty yars; a third part of which tim, abating on month, h was th popl's rulr; and h did on th last month of th yar, which is calld by th Macdonians Dystrus, but by us Adar, on th first day of th month. H was on that xcdd all mn that vr wr in undrstanding, and mad th bst us of what that undrstanding suggstd to him. H had a vry gracful way of spaking and addrssing himslf to th multitud; and as to his othr qualifications, h had such a full command of his passions, as if h hardly had any such in his soul, and only knw thm by thir nams, as rathr prciving thm in othr mn than in himslf. H was also such a gnral of an army as is sldom sn, as wll as such a propht as was nvr known, and this to such a dgr, that whatsovr h pronouncd, you would think you hard th voic of God himslf. So th popl mournd for him thirty days: nor did vr any grif so dply affct th Hbrws as did this upon th dath of Moss: nor wr thos that had xprincd his conduct th only prsons that dsird him, but thos also that prusd th laws h lft bhind him had a strong dsir aftr him, and by thm gathrd th xtraordinary virtu h was mastr of. And this shall suffic for th dclaration of th mannr of th dath of Moss. (15) Josphus hr, in this on sntnc, sums up his notion of Moss's vry long and vry srious xhortations in th book of Dutronomy; and his words ar so tru, and of such importanc, that thy dsrv to b had in constant rmmbranc. (16) This law, both hr and Exodus 20:25, 26, of not going up to God's altar by laddr-stps, but on an acclivity, sms not to hav blongd to th altar of th tabrnacl, which was in all but thr cubits high, Exodus 27:4; nor to that of Ezkil, which was xprssly to b gon up to by stps, ch. 43:17; but rathr to occasional altars of any considrabl altitud and largnss; as also probably to Solomon's altar, to which it is hr applid by Josphus, as wll as to that in Zorobabl's and Hrod's tmpl, which wr, I think, all tn cubits high. S 2 Chronicls 4:1, and Antiq. B. VIII. ch. 3. sct. 7. Th rason why ths tmpls, and ths only, wr to hav this ascnt on an acclivity, and not by stps, is obvious, that bfor th invntion of stairs, such as w now us, dcncy could not b othrwis providd for in th loos garmnts which th prists wor, as th law rquird. S Lamy of th Tabrnacl and Tmpl, p (17) Th hir of public or scrt harlots was givn to Vnus in Syria, as Lucian informs us, p. 878; and against som such vil practic of th old idolatrs this law sms to hav bn mad. (18) Th Apostolical Constitutions, B. II. ch. 26. sct. 31, xpound this law of Moss, Exodus , "Thou shalt not rvil or blasphm th gods," or magistrats, which is a much mor probabl xposition than this of Josphus, of hathn gillis, as hr, and against Apion, B. II. ch. 3. sct. 31. What book of th law was thus publicly rad, s th not on Antiq. B. X. ch. 5. sct. 5, and 1 Esd. 9:8-55. (19)Whthr ths phylactris, and othr Jwish mmorials of th law hr mntiond by Josphus, and by

411 5735 Th Book of Dutronomy Muss, (bsids th frings on th bordrs of thir garmnts, Numbrs 15:37,) wr litrally mant by God, I much qustion. That thy hav bn long obsrvd by th Phariss and Rabbinical Jws is crtain; howvr, th Karaits, who rciv not th unwrittn traditions of th ldrs, but kp clos to th writtn law, with Jrom and Grotius, think thy wr not litrally to b undrstood; as Brnard and Rland hr tak notic. Nor indd do I rmmbr that, ithr in th ancintr books of th Old Tstamnt, or in th books w call Apocrypha, thr ar any signs of such litral obsrvations apparing among th Jws, though thir ral or mystical signification, i.. th constant rmmbranc and obsrvation of th laws of God by Moss, b frquntly inculcatd in all th sacrd writings. (20) Hr, as wll as lswhr, sct. 38, of his Lif, sct. 14, and of th War, B. II. ch. 20. sct. 5, ar but svn judgs appointd for small citis, instad of twnty-thr in th modrn Rabidns; which modrn Rabbis ar always but of vry littl authority in comparison of our Josphus. (21) I hav nvr obsrvd lswhr, that in th Jwish govrnmnt womn wr not admittd as lgal witnsss in courts of justic. Non of our copis of th Pntatuch say a word of it. It is vry probabl, howvr, that this was th xposition of th scribs and Phariss, and th practic of th Jws in th days of Josphus. (22) This pnalty of "forty strips sav on," hr mntiond, and sct. 23, was fiv tims inflictd on St. Paul himslf by th Jws, 2 Corinthians 11:24 (23) Josphus's plain and xprss intrprtation of this law of Moss, Dutronomy 14:28, 29; 26:12, tc., that th Jws wr bound vry third yar to pay thr tiths, that to th Lvits, that for sacrifics at Jrusalm, and this for th indignt, th widow, and th orphans, is fully confirmd by th practic of good old Tobit, vn whn h was a captiv in Assyria, against th opinions of th Rabbins, Tobit 1:6-8. (24) Ths tokns of virginity, as th Hbrw and Sptuagint styl thm, Dutronomy 22:15, 17, 20, sm to m vry diffrnt from what our latr intrprtrs suppos. Thy appar rathr to hav bn such clos linn garmnts as wr nvr put off virgins, aftr, a crtain ag, till thy wr marrid, but bfor witnsss, and which, whil thy wr ntir, wr crtain vidncs of such virginity. S ths, Antiq. B. VII. ch. 8. sct. 1; 2 Samul 13:18; Isaiah 6:1 Josphus hr dtrmins nothing what wr ths particular tokns of virginity or of corruption: prhaps h thought h could not asily dscrib thm to th hathns, without saying what thy might hav thought a brach of modsty; which sming brach of modsty laws cannot always wholly avoid. (25) Ths words of Josphus ar vry lik thos of th Phariss to our Savior upon this vry subjct, Matthw 19:3, "Is it lawful for a man to put away his wif for vry caus?" (26) Hr it is supposd that this captiv's husband, if sh wr bfor a marrid woman, was dad bfor, or rathr was slain in this vry battl, othrwis it would hav bn adultry in him that marrid hr. (27) S Hrod th Grat insisting on th xcution of this law, with rlation to two of his own sons, bfor th judgs at Brytus, Antiq. B. XVI. ch. 11. sct. 2. (28) Philo and othrs appar to hav undrstood this law, Exodus 21:22, 23, bttr than Josphus, who sms to allow, that though th infant in th mothr's womb, vn aftr th mothr wr quick, and so th infant had a rational soul, wr killd by th strok upon th mothr, yt if th mothr scapd, th offndr should only b find, and not put to dath; whil th law sms rathr to man, that if th infant in that cas b killd, though th mothr scap, th offndr must b put to dath, and not only whn th mothr is killd, as Joshus undrstood it. It sms this was th xposition of th Phariss in th days of Josphus. (29) What w rndr a witch, according to our modrn notions of witchcraft, Exodus 22:15, Philo and Josphus undrstood of a poisonr, or on who attmptd by scrt and unlawful drugs or philtra, to tak away th snss or th livs of mn.

412 Dutronomy Chaptr (30) This prmission of rdming this pnalty with mony is not in our copis, Exodus 21:24, 25; Lviticus 24:20; Dutronomy 19:21. (31) W may hr not, that thirty shkls, th pric our Savior was sold for by Judas to th Jws, Matthw 26:15, and 27;3, was th old valu of a bought srvant or slav among that popl. (32) This law against castration, vn of bruts, is said to b so rigorous lswhr, as to inflict dath on him that dos it. which sms only a Pharisaical intrprtation in th days of Josphus of that law, Lviticus 21:20, and 22:24: only w may hnc obsrv, that th Jws could thn hav no oxn which ar gldd, but only bulls and cows, in Juda. (33) Ths laws sm to b thos abov-mntiond, sct, 4, of this chaptr. (34) What laws wr now dlivrd to th prists, s th not on Antiq. B. III. ch. 1. sct. 7, (35) Of th xact plac whr this altar was to b built, whthr narr Mount Grizzim or Mount Ebal, according to Josphus, s Essay on th Old Tstamnt, p Dr. Brnard wll obsrvs hr, how unfortunat this nglct of consulting th Urim was to Joshua himslf, in th cas of th Gibonits, who put a trick upon him, and nsnard him, togthr with th rst of th Jwish rulrs, with a solmn oath to prsrv thm, contrary to his commission to xtirpat all th Canaanits, root and branch; which oath h and th othr rulrs nvr durst brak. S Scriptur Politics, p. 55, 56; and this snar thy wr brought into bcaus thy "did not ask counsl at th mouth of th Lord," Joshua 9:14. (36) Sinc Josphus assurs us hr, as is most naturally to b supposd, and as th Sptuagint givs th txt, Dutronomy 33:6, that Moss blssd vry on of th tribs of Isral, it is vidnt that Simon was not omittd in his copy, as it unhappily now is, both in our Hbrw and Samaritan copis. From: accssd. Josphus Antiquitis of th Jws; Book IV, Chaptr 1. Chaptr Outlin Charts, Graphics and Short Doctrins It may b hlpful to s this chaptr as a contiguous whol: A Complt Translation of Dutronomy 4 A Rasonably Litral Translation A Rasonably Litral Paraphras Moss tlls Isral to listn and oby th statuts and judicial dcisions which ar st bfor thm Now thn, Isral, listn to th statuts and to th judicial dcrs that I am taching you [all] to do, so that you will liv [abundantly] and go in and tak possssion of th land which Y howah, th Elohim of your fathrs, has givn you. You [all] will not add to th word which I command you and you will not tak from it, [that you may] kp th commandmnts of Y howah your Elohim, which [word] I command you. Now thn, Isral, listn and oby ths statuts and judicial dcrs that I am taching all of you to do, so that you may liv lif abundantly and so that you may go into th land and tak possssion of it th land that Jhovah, th God of your fathrs, has givn you. You ar not to add to or tak from th doctrins which I command you to do. You will kp th commandmnts of Jhovah your God; you will kp th commandmnts that I tach to you.

413 5737 Th Book of Dutronomy A Complt Translation of Dutronomy 4 A Rasonably Litral Translation You hav sn what Y howah has don in Baal Por, bcaus vry man who followd aftr Baal Por, Y howah your Elohim dstroyd him from among you. Furthrmor, thos of you who hld fast to Y howah your Elohim, you [ar] all [still] aliv today. Listn, I hav taught you th statuts and ordinancs which Y howah my Elohim commandd m to [tach you to] do [thm] in th midst of th land which you ar ntring to tak possssion of it. And [whn] you hav kpt and hav don [that which I am taching you], that [will b] your wisdom and your discrnmnt bfor th ys of th popls [around you], who will har all ths statuts and say, Undoubtdly, this grat nation [is mad up of] a wis and discrning population. What grat nation [is thr] which has an lohim [= gods or god] nar to it lik Y howah our Elohim, with all our calling upon Him? And what [othr] grat nation had rightous statuts and ordinancs lik all this Law which I st bfor you this day? A Rasonably Litral Paraphras You yourslvs hav sn what Jhovah your God has don in Baal Por. H dstroyd vry singl prson who followd aftr Baal Por, compltly rmoving all idolatrs from your midst. Furthrmor, all of you who hld fast to Jhovah your God, you ar still aliv today. Listn, I hav taught you th statuts and ordinancs with Jhovah my God commandd m to tach you, so that you would do thm aftr going into th land to tak possssion of it. And whn you hav kpt and don thos things which I am taching you, that will b sn as wis and discrning by th popls around you. Thy will har ths statuts and thy will rmark, Undoubtdly, this grat nation is mad up of a wis and discrning population. What othr nation has a god lik Jhovah our God, to Whom w call for hlp? And what othr grat nation is thr which has such rightous status and ordinancs lik thos of this Law which I hav put bfor you this day? Rmmbr th commands givn by God; and rmmbr that you did not s any form of God Only b carful and carfully [lit., gratly] guard your soul, so that you do not forgt what your ys hav sn and so that [ths things] do not dpart from your hart throughout your ntir lif [lit., all days of your livs]. Mak [ths things] known to your sons and to your sons sons th day whn you stood bfor Y howah your Elohim in Horb, and [lit., whn] Y howah said to m, Gathr th popl to M and I will mak thm har My words so [lit., that] thy will larn to far M all th days that thy [ar] living upon th arth. Furthrmor, thy will tach [this] to thir sons. So, you [all] cam nar and th stood at th foot of th mountain and th mountain is burning with fir vn to th midst of th havns [it is] a darknss, a cloud [ovrhad], and thick darknss. And Y howah spok to you [all] from th midst of th fir. You hard th sound of words, but you did not s a form [of any kind] [you] only [hard] sound. Only, b carful in your livs and guard your soul so that you do not forgt what your ys hav sn, so that ths things do not dpart from your thinking throughout your ntir lif. Mak ths things known to your sons and to thir sons. Tll thm about th day that you stood bfor Jhovah your God in Horb, whn H said to m, Gathr th popl to M and I will mak thm har My words so that thy will larn to far M all th days that thy liv on this arth. Furthrmor, thy will tach all of this to thir sons. Thn you popl gathrd and you stood togthr at th bas of th mountain and th mountain was burning with fir, vn up to th midst of th havns and yt, thr is this grat ovrcast of clouds and darknss. Jhovah spok to all of you from th midst of th fir. You could har His words, but you could not s God you wr only abl to prciv th sound of His voic.

414 Dutronomy Chaptr A Complt Translation of Dutronomy 4 A Rasonably Litral Translation H mad His covnant known to you, [th covnant] which H commandd you to do th Tn Commandmnts. H wrot thm down on two tabls of ston. And Y howah commandd m, at that tim, to tach you [both] statuts and ordinancs so that you would do thm in th land whr you ar going ovr to possss it. A Rasonably Litral Paraphras God mad His covnant known to you, which covnant H commandd you to do th Tn Commandmnts. H also wrot thm down on two tabls of ston. Jhovah commandd m, at that tim, to tach you both statuts and ordinancs, so that you would larn to do thm in th land that you ar going ovr to posss. Do not practic idolatry You [all] nd to tak hd for your souls sinc you did not s any physical form whn Y howah spok to you from th midst of th fir that you do not bcom corruptd and mak for yourslvs [som] sculptd imag, [in] th liknss of any imag, [whthr] mal or fmal, [or] an imag of any animal on th arth, [or] an imag of any wingd bird flying in th havns, [or] an imag of any crping thing on th ground, [or] an imag of any fish which [is] in th watrs blow sa lvl [lit., undr th arth]; and so that you do not lift up your ys and s th sun, th moon, th stars all th host of th havns and you ar sducd [by thm], and you bow down to thm and you srv thm [ths things] which Y howah your Elohim has allottd to all popls undr th havns. Y howah has takn you and H has brought you out of th furnac of iron out of Egypt to b to Him a popl of [His] possssion [or, inhritanc], as [it is] this day. Y howah was angry with m bcaus of your words and H swor I would not cross ovr th Jordan and would not ntr into th good land which Y howah your Elohim is giving to you [as] an inhritanc; for I will di in this land [hr]. I will not go ovr th Jordan [Rivr], but you will [all] go ovr and you will tak possssion of this good land. Tak hd to yourslvs, so that you [all] do not forgt [your] covnant with Y howah your Elohim, which H mad with [all of] you, [so that you do not] mak a gravn imag for yourslvs a form of anything which Y howah your Elohim has chargd you [not to], for Y howah your Elohim [is] a consuming fir, a jalous God [= El]. You nd to b carful of your thinking, rmmbring that, whn you hard Jhovah spak to you from th fir, that you did not s any physical form. Thrfor, s to it that you do not bcom corruptd and mak som kind of sculptd imag to worship, whthr mal or fmal, or th imag of som animal on th arth, or th imag of a bird flying in th skis abov, or th imag of som crpy thing that crawls on th ground, or th imag of a fish in th sa. Furthrmor, s to it that you do not look up to s th sun, th moon or th stars anything which is in th havns abov and that you bcom sducd by any of ths things and bow down bfor thm and srv thm. Ths ar simply things which God has givn to all th popls on arth. Jhovah has takn you out of th furnac of iron; H has brought you out of Egypt, so that you will b a popl of His possssion, as you ar today. Jhovah was angry with m bcaus of your words and actions, and H swor to m that H would not lt m cross ovr th Jordan Rivr to ntr into th good land (which land Jhovah your God is giving to you as an inhritanc). I will di in this land and not cross ovr th Jordan Rivr; but you will all cross ovr and you will tall tak possssion of this good land which is bfor you. B carful so that you do not forgt your contract with Jhovah your God, which H mad with all of you. S to it that you do not mak a gravn imag to worship you ar not to mak a form of anything, as pr th commands of God. Jhovah God is a consuming fir, a jalous God. Th Jws will sk th Lord whn thy ar outsid of th land

415 5739 Th Book of Dutronomy A Complt Translation of Dutronomy 4 A Rasonably Litral Translation For you [all] will sir sons and sons of sons and you [all] will grow old in [this] land; but [if] you act corruptly and mak a gravn imag [to worship] of any form you will hav constructd vil in th ys of Y howah your Elohim, [thus] provoking Him to angr. I call th havns and arth to witnss against you [this] day, that you will surly prish abruptly from upon this land, [th land] which you ar going ovr th Jordan [Rivr] to possss. [If you do ths things], you will not prolong your days in th land [lit., upon it] you will undoubtdly prish. Y howah has scattrd you [all] among th popls and you will b lft fw in numbr among th nations, whr Y howah [might] driv you. And [out of this land], you [all] will srv [phony] gods [= lohim], [which ar] th works of man s hands, [mad of] wood and ston, which [gods] cannot s and cannot har and cannot at and cannot smll. [If] you sk Y howah your Elohim from thr [outsid of th land], thn you will find Him if you sk Him with all your hart and with all your soul. During your tribulation, all ths words will find you, in th lattr days, and you will rturn to Y howah your Elohim and you will oby His voic. For God [= El] [is] mrciful. Y howah your Elohim will not fail you, nor will H dstroy you, nor will H forgt th covnant [that H mad with] your fathrs, which [covnant] H swor to thm. A Rasonably Litral Paraphras You hav two options bfor you. On th on hand, you can liv long in this land, siring sons and grandsons. Howvr, on th othr hand, if you mak a gravn imag to worship in th form of anything thn you will hav don that which is vil bfor Jhovah your God, and you will provok Him to angr. Thrfor, I call th havns and th arth to witnss against you this day, bfor th anglic ralm and bfor all mankind, that you will surly prish abruptly from this land, th land which you will cross ovr th Jordan Rivr to possss. If you do th things I am warning you about, you will not long liv long in th land, but you will undoubtdly prish. You fac th risk that Jhovah will scattr you among th popls, whr you will b fw in numbr in ths nations whr Jhovah drivs you. And whn you ar thrown out of th land, you will srv ths phony gods which ar simply mad from wood and ston by mn ths idols cannot s, har, at or smll. Thy ar altogthr uslss! If you sk Jhovah your God from thr from outsid of th land and if you sk Him with all your hart and soul, thn you will find Him. Whn in your tribulation, if ths words find you in th latr days, thn you will rturn to Jhovah your God and you will oby Him. God is mrciful. Jhovah your God will not fail you at that tim; H will nvr compltly dstroy you; and H will nvr forgt th covnant that H swor to your fathrs. Moss poss 3 rhtorical qustions For ask now rgarding th past days which wr bfor you, from th day whn Elohim cratd man upon th arth and from [on] nd of th havns to th [othr] nd of th havns, has this grat word bn hard [that is] lik it? What popl hav hard th voic of Elohim spaking [to thm] from th midst of th fir, as you hav hard, and [yt] is [still] aliv? So, ask now about th days which ar past, th tim bfor you, from th day that God cratd man on th arth, has such a grat thing vr bn hard anywhr in th havns? Or anything lik it? What popl hav vr hard th voic of God spaking to thm from th midst of a fir, as you hav hard, and yt is still aliv?

416 Dutronomy Chaptr A Complt Translation of Dutronomy 4 A Rasonably Litral Translation Or has Elohim attmptd to go and [and] to tak a nation for Himslf from th midst of [anothr] nation, with trials, with signs, with wondrs, and with war; and with a mighty hand and with an outstrtchd arm, as wll as with grat trrors, as all that Y howah your Elohim did for you [all] in Egypt in your sight? You hav bn causd to s [ths things], to know that Y howah, H [is] Elohim; [and that thr is] non othr bsids Him. H causd you to har His voic from th havns to instruct you; H causd you to s His grat fir upon th arth; and you hard His words [com] from th midst of th fir. Bcaus H lovd your fathrs, H chos his offspring aftr him, and [thrfor] brings you out from Egypt with His prsnc [and] with His grat powr, to dispossss [othr] nations gratr and strongr than you from bfor you, to bring you in [to th land of Canaan], [and] to giv you thir land [as] an inhritanc as this day. And you know today and you will mak [this doctrin] rturn to your thinking: that Y howah, H [is] Elohim, [both] in th havns abov and on th arth blow; [and thr is] no othr. [If] you kp His statuts and His commandmnts, [thos] which I commandd you [this] day, [thn] H will do good to you and to your sons aftr you; and you will prolong [your] days in th land that Y howah your Elohim givs to you forvr. A Rasonably Litral Paraphras Or has God vn gon into anothr nation and takn from thm a nation for Himslf? H did this with trials and with signs and wondrs; H usd His mighty strngth, H xtndd His arm to you Jhovah your God. H usd grat far in Egypt H did all of this in your sight. You hav bn causd to s all of ths things, so that you know Y howah is Elohim, and that thr is no on ls bsids Him. God causd you to har His voic from th havns, whn H taught you th Tn Commandmnts. H mad you s His grat fir upon th arth which did not sprad or ngulf th arth. You vn hard His words com out from th midst of this grat fir. God lovd your fathrs, and thrfor, H chos you, thir dscndants. H brought you out of Egypt with His Prsnc and with His grat powr, driving out gratr and strongr nations bfor you, bringing you into th land of Canaan and giving you thir land as an inhritanc this day. Thrfor, know and plac this doctrin into your thinking: that Jhovah, H is God, both in th havns abov and on th arth blow; that thr is no othr god bsids Him. If you ar carful to kp His statuts and His commandmnts thos which I am commanding you this day, thn H will continu to do right by you and to your sons aftr you, and you will prolong your days in th land that Jhovah your God has givn to your forvr. Moss dsignats 3 citis for thos guilty of unintntional manslaughtr to fl to Moss thn st apart thr citis byond th Jordan ([in] th ast [at] th sun-rising), [so that] a manslayr, who has killd his nighbor unintntionally [whom] h has not hatd him prviously [might] fl thr. H may fl to on of ths citis and liv: Bzr [out] in th sparsly populatd rgion in th tablland, [which land blongs] to [th trib of] Rubn; Ramoth in Gilad, [which city blongs] to [th trib of] Gad; and Golan in Bashan [which blongs] to [th trib of] Manassh. Thn Moss st apart thr citis on th othr sid of th Jordan Rivr (ast of th Jordan), so that a man who has unintntionally killd his nighbor might scap thr. H may run to on of ths citis and liv: Bzr, which is in th sparsly populatd rgion of th tablland, which city blongs to th trib of Rubn; Ramoth in Gilad, which city blongs to Gad; and Golan in Bashan, which city blong to Manassh. nd Stting for th 2 spch of Moss

417 5741 Th Book of Dutronomy A Complt Translation of Dutronomy 4 A Rasonably Litral Translation This is th Law which Moss st bfor th sons of Isral. Ths [ar] th tstimonis and th statuts and th judicial vrdicts which Moss spok to th sons of Isral whn thy cam out of Egypt. [H spok ths things] byond th Jordan, in th vally opposit Bth-por, in th land of Sihon ([who was] th king of th Amorits, who livd in Hshbon, who Moss and th sons of Isral dfatd whn thy cam out of Egypt). Th Isralits [lit., thy] took possssion of his land, along with th land of Og (th king of Bashan). [Ths wr] two Amorit kings who [wr] byond th Jordan, to th ast (whr th sun riss), from Aror, which is on th dg of th vally of Arnon and wnt as far as Mount Sirion (which [is Mount] Hrmon). [This includs] all of th Arabah ast of th Jordan, [going] as far as th Sa of th Arabah, undr th slops of Pisgah. Chaptr Outlin A Rasonably Litral Paraphras What follows will b th Torah that Moss put bfor th childrn of Isral. Ths ar th tstimonis, th statuts and th judicial vrdicts which Moss had originally prsntd to thm whn thy cam out of Egypt. Moss rtaught ths things ast of th Jordan Rivr, in th vally which is opposit Bth-por, in th land that prviously blongd to Sihon (h was th king of th Amorits who livd in Hshbon and who was dfatd by Moss and th Isralits whn thy cam out of Egypt). Thy took possssion of his land, along with th land of Og (who was th lat king of Bashan). Ths two Amorits kings prsidd ovr land that was ast of th Jordan, from Aror, which is on th dg of th vally of Arnon, with thir boundaris xtnding as far as Mount Sirion (which w know as Mount Hrmon). This includs all of th vally ast of th Jordan, around th Dad Sa, and blow th slops of Pisgah. Charts, Graphics and Short Doctrins Th following Psalms would b appropriatly studid at this tim: Psalm 136.

418 Dutronomy Chaptr Word Cloud from a Rasonably Litral Paraphras of Dutronomy 4 Word Cloud from Exgsis of Dutronomy 4 Ths two graphics should b vry similar; this mans that th xgsis of Dutronomy 31 has stayd on topic and has covrd th information found in this chaptr of th Word of God.