1Samuel 19. Saul Again Tries to Kill David/David Becomes a Fugitive

Transcription

1 1Samul 19 1Samul 19:1 23 Saul Again Tris to Kill David/David Bcoms a Fugitiv Outlin of Chaptr 19: vv. 1 7 Jonathan Convincs Saul Not to Sk David s Lif v. 8 David Fights th Philistins vv Saul Maks a Dirct Attmpt on David s Lif/David Eluds Saul vv Saul Snds Assassins to David s Hom/Michal Hlps David Escap vv David Gos to Samul in Ramah/Saul Attmpts to Hav David Arrstd Thr vv Saul Himslf Gos to Kill David in Naioth Charts and Maps: v. 11 Whr Dos Each Translation Plac that night? v. 13 Summary of th Doctrin of Traphim v. 19 Various Intrprtations of Naioth v. 20 Intrprting and Undrstanding Samul s School of Prophts v. 24 Th School of Prophts v. 24 Th Apparancs of Samul in th Book of Samul Doctrins Cov/Psalms Insrtd Traphim Psalm 59 Documntary Hypothsis Doctrins Alludd To I ntroduction: In 1Sam. 19, w hav Saul making mor attmpts on th lif of David. In this chaptr, his dsir to kill David bcoms ovrt to th point that all of thir common acquaintancs, as wll as much of Isral, ar cognizant of Saul s vil mission. W hav svral important things in this chaptr: w again s th tru charactr of Jonathan; w s th tru charactr of Micah; and David bcoms a fugitiv for th rmaindr of Saul s lif. To giv a mor dtaild account of this chaptr: Saul again dcids that David has to di, and h tlls all of his srvants and Jonathan (v. 1). Jonathan rcognizs that this is a vry ral thrat, and h gos dirctly to David and tlls him to hid and that h would gt back to him (vv. 2 3). Jonathan thn convincs his fathr that David his an asst and a loyal subjct, and Saul is convincd (vv. 4 6). David rturns to th palac, gos to war and thn rturns to th palac again, victorious in his battls with th Philistins (vv. 7 8). Saul suddnly maks an attmpt on David s lif, and again attmptd to pin David to th wall with his javlin (vv. 9 10). David scaps and gos hom to his wif, Saul s daughtr. It is not clar xactly who knows what whn David arrivs hom, but his wif Michal convincs him to surrptitiously lav that vry night. Sh maks his bd look as though somon is slping thr, David snaks out th back window, and Saul s officrs mak two trips to thir hous to gt David, bcoming much mor insistnt th scond trip (vv ). Whn thy discovr that David is not sick in bd, but scapd, thy brought Michal to Saul. Howvr, instad of standing up for David as hr brothr did, sh tlls hr fathr that David thratnd hr lif (vv ). David, manwhil, gos to Samul. It was Samul who told him that h would bcom king ovr Isral, which smd to gt th ball rolling on a multitud of changs which took plac in David s lif. Thy go to Naioth nar Ramah, not ncssarily to hid out, but bcaus Samul has a sminary thr (v. 18). Saul finds out that David

2 1Samul Chaptr is in Ramah, and h snds officrs thr to ithr arrst or kill (prhaps Saul told thm, Bring David back hr dad or aliv! ). Howvr, whn thy find Samul at his school of prophts, thy ar ovrtakn by th Spirit of God and ovrpow, and thy bgin to spak God s Wo (vv ). Saul snds two mor sts of officrs who xprinc th sam thing (v. 21). Finally, Saul gos to Naioth nar Ramah, and h is ovrtakn by th Holy Spirit and h bgins to spak God s Wo vn as h travls towa Naioth. Whn h arrivs at th school of prophts, h rmovs his cloths and continus to prophsy whil nakd. Again, Isral bgan to circulat th saying, Is Saul among th prophts? (vv ). Rturn to Chaptr Outlin Rturn to th Chart Indx Jonathan Convincs Saul Not to Sk David s Lif Slavishly litral: And so spaks Saul unto Jonathan and unto all his srvants to kill David. 1Samul 19:1a Modratly litral: Thn Saul proposd to Jonathan and to all his srvants to kill David. Soon thraftr, Saul proposd to Jonathan and to all his srvants that thy assassinat David. I should point out that v. 1b is apparntly a part of v. 2 as wll in som manuscripts (as pr Young and th Amplifid Bibl). Sinc v. 2 maks mor sns with 1b attachd, I hav also alt th translations blow to rflct that (thrfor, for instanc, I hav only quotd v. 1a for th NASB blow; howvr, I will quot 1b with v. 2). Hr is how othrs hav translatd this vrs: Ancint txts: Masortic Txt Sptuagint Significant diffrncs: And so spaks Saul unto Jonathan and unto all his srvants to kill David. And Saul spok to Jonathan his son, and to all his srvants, to slay David. [Accoing to th not in Brnton s appndix, thr ar a lot of variations on this first vrs]. Non. Thought-for-thought translations; paraphrass: CEV NAB NLT REB On day, Saul told his son Jonathan and his officrs to kill David. Saul discussd his intntion of killing David with his son Jonathan and with all his srvants. Saul now urgd his srvants and his son Jonathan to assassinat David. Saul incitd Jonathan his son and all his houshold to kill David. Mostly litral rndrings (with som occasional paraphrasing): JPS (Tanakh) Saul urgd his son Jonathan and all his courtirs to kill David. Litral, almost wo-for-wo, rndrings: NASB Young's Updatd LT Now Saul told Jonathan his son and all his srvants to put David to dath. And Saul spaks unto Jonathan his son, and unto all his srvants, to put David to dath.

3 2517 Th Book of Samul What is th gist of this vrs? Saul mor than mad his plans known to kill David. In this vrs, h tris to nlist th hlp of Jonathan and his officials. 1Samul 19:1a Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs wa or va ( ) [pronouncd and so, thn wâw conscutiv dâbar ( ) b [pronouncd daw - VAHR] to spak, to talk [and back with action], to giv an opinion, to xpound, to mak a formal spch, to spak out, to promis, to propos, to spak kindly of, to dclar, to proclaim, to announc 3 prson masculin singular, Pil imprfct Strong s #1696 BDB #180 Shâ ûwl ( ) [pronouncd shaw-ool] which is translitratd Saul; it mans askd for masculin propr noun Strong s #7586 BDB #982 l ( ) [pronouncd l ] in, into, towa, unto, to, rgaing, against dirctional prposition (rspct or dfrnc may b implid) Strong's #413 BDB #39 Y hôwnâthân ( ) [pronouncd y -hoh- naw-thawn] altrnat splling; translitratd Jonathan masculin propr noun Strong s #3083 (& #3129) BDB #220 bên ( ) [pronouncd ban] son, dscndant masculin singular noun with a 3 prson masculin singular suffix Strong s #1121 BDB #119 w (or v ) ( ) [pronouncd wh] and simpl wâw conjunction BDB #251 l ( ) [pronouncd l ] in, into, towa, unto, to, rgaing, against dirctional prposition (rspct or dfrnc may b implid) Strong's #413 BDB #39 kôl ( ) [pronouncd kohl] with a plural noun, it is rnd all of; any of masculin singular construct with a masculin plural noun Strong s #3605 BDB #481 bd ( ) B [pronouncd E -vd] slav, srvant masculin plural noun with a 3 prson masculin singular suffix Strong s #5650 BDB #713 lâmd ( ) (pronouncd to, for, towas, in rgas to prposition l ) BDB #510 mûwth ( ) [pronouncd mooth] to kill, to caus to di, to put to dath, to xcut Hiphil infinitiv construct Strong's #4191 BDB #559 êth ( ) [pronouncd ayth] gnrally untranslatd indicats that th following substantiv is a dirct objct Strong's #853 BDB #84

4 1Samul Chaptr Samul 19:1a Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs Dâvid ( ); also Dâvîyd (. ) [pronouncd daw- VEED] blovd and is translitratd David masculin propr noun Strong s #1732 BDB #187 Translation: Thn Saul proposd to Jonathan and to all his srvants to kill David. Saul is doing mor hr than 1 mrly announcing his intntion to kill David. H is attmpting to nlist th hlp of Jonathan and his officials. It is possibl that Saul rcognizs Jonathan s lov for David, and is gauging Jonathan s raction. Or Saul may b xpcting that Jonathan will b intimidatd and stay out of his way. On th othr hand, Saul may b compltly oblivious to Jonathan s strong motions, bing cognizant only of his own flings of hat towa David. Oftn th mor hyprsnsitiv and/or psychotic that a prson bcoms, th mor likly thy ar to b compltly oblivious to th thoughts and flings of othrs. My thinking is that this is Saul s mntal stat. H announcs to his officrs, which includ Jonathan, that David must b killd. How Jonathan or anyon ls fls is probably th last thing on Saul s mind. An important diffrnc found in this vrs and thos which follows is, Saul s attmpts on David s lif bcom much mor ovrt. Evn though h did mak two fairly dirct attmpts on David s lif by chunking a spar at David (1Sam. 18:11), this may hav bn writtn off by David as a suddn attack of paranoid-dlusional bhavior on th part of Saul. Dspit this attack, Saul kpt David in th military (although h apparntly dmotd David 1Sam. 18:13) and h vntually consntd to allow David to marry into his family (1Sam. 18:27). So, what happnd was dramatic, but somwhat xplicabl, and an act that may hav bn sn by David as an anomaly. Howvr, hr, in this vrs, Saul clarly announcs his intntion to kill David. Edrshim: And...th story bcoms darkr and darkr. W hav markd th progrss of murous thought in th king s mind, from th suddn attack of frnzy to th scarcly slf-confssd wish for th dath of his victim, to dsignd xposur of his lif, and lastly to a dlibrat plan for his dstruction. But now all rstraints wr brokn through. Do what h might, David prosp, and all that Saul had attmptd had only turnd out to th advantag of th son of Jss. Alrady h was th king s son-inlaw; Michal had givn hr whol hart to him; constant succss had attndd thos xpditions against th hathn which wr to hav bn his ruin; nay, as might b xpctd in th circumstancs, h had rachd th pinnacl of popularity. On dark rsolv now sttld in th hart of th king, and cast its shadow ovr vry othr considration. David must b mu. Saul could no longr disguis his 2 purpos from himslf, nor kp it from othrs. H spok of it opnly vn to Jonathan. This might b a good plac to point out that, all that is found in Scriptur dos not ncssarily mt with God s approval. This is a good xampl, as vry fw blivrs would rad this passag and dcid, I guss God wants to kill David. Hr, Scriptur mrly rcos th vnts, without ncssarily giving us a clar disapproval. W don t hav a v. 1b which rads, Saul s intnt to kill David was bad. W should know nough doctrin in or to raliz that Saul is out of lin, and his intnt is wrong. Now, God clarly allows this, and thr will b svral rasons why God allows Saul to liv and to put David on th run. Howvr, it should not tak a thological gnius to rcogniz that Saul s intnt and actions ar sinful. Now, what I am saying hr may sm to b so obvious as to not rquir commntary. I agr. So, whn w gt down to v. 17, and Michal lis to hr fathr, w should not undrstand this act to b approvd by God ithr. This vrs tlls us: (1) not vrything in th Bibl is an act 1 I raliz that Kil and Dlitzsch tll us that this rads that h intndd to kill him Kil & Dlitzsch, Commntary on th Old Tstamnt; 1966 Hndrickson Publishrs, Inc.; Vol. 2, p. 495); but thr is no ral indication on way or th othr in th Hbrw. It is th contxt which tlls us that Saul is going to us his staff to kill David. First of all, h is spaking to his staff and to Jonathan, which would imply that h sks thir aid; scondly, h snds mssngrs (again, his staff) on svral occasions throughout this chaptr to siz David. 2 Alf Edrshim, Bibl History Old Tstamnt; 1995 by Hndrickson Publishrs, Inc.; p. 476.

5 2519 Th Book of Samul which God approvs of and xpcts us to imitat; and, (2) th Bibl dos not stop during a narrativ to tll us whthr th action dscribd is on approvd by God or not. A natural qustion which would aris out of this is, how do w tll? How do w rad Scriptur and figur out what is right and what is wrong? God providd for th nd th Jw (and for us) th Law of Moss, th 2 through 5 books of th Bibl, which clarly stats what is right and what is wrong. Thrfor, anyon rading Samul should hav a rasonabl undrstanding of th Law. And Jonathan son of Saul has takn plasur in David xcdingly and so maks known Jonathan to David to say, Sking Saul my fathr to kill you. And now, tak hd plas: in th morning stay in a hiding plac and hid yourslf. 1Samul 19:1b 2 But Saul s son Jonathan had gratly dlightd in David, thrfor Jonathan mad known to David, saying, My fathr Saul is sking to kill you; thrfor, plas b carful. Stay in a hiding plac in th morning and stay hiddn [lit., and hid] yourslf. But Saul s son Jonathan likd David a grat dal, and h thrfor mad Saul s plans known to David, saying, My fathr Saul sks to kill you; thrfor, you must b carful. Find a hiding plac and rmain thr throughout th morning. Hr is how othrs hav translatd this vrs: Ancint txts: Masortic Txt Sptuagint Significant diffrncs: And Jonathan son of Saul has takn plasur in David xcdingly and so maks known Jonathan to David to say, Sking Saul my fathr to kill you. And now, tak hd plas: in th morning stay in a hiding plac and hid yourslf. And Jonathan, Saul s son, lovd David much; and Jonathan told David, saying, Saul sks to kill you. Tak hd to yourslf, thrfor, tomorrow morning, and hid yourslf, and dwll in scrt. Any apparnt diffrncs ar a mattr of translating from th Hbrw into th Grk; in many of this individual placs, th Hbrw could hav bn similarly rnd into th English. Thought-for-thought translations; paraphrass: CEV NJB NLT But Jonathan likd David a lot, and h warnd David, My fathr is trying to hav you killd, so b vry carful. Hid in a fild tomorrow morning,... [thr ar portions of v. 3 in this translation]. But Jonathan, Saul s son, hld David in grat affction, and Jonathan warnd David, My fathr Saul is looking for a way to kill you, so b on your gua tomorrow morning; go into hiding, stay out of sight. But Jonathan, bcaus of his clos frindship with David, told him what his fathr was planning. Tomorrow morning, h warnd him, you must find a hiding plac out in th filds. Mostly litral rndrings (with som occasional paraphrasing): God s Wo JPS (Tanakh) But Saul s son Jonathan was vry fond of David, so h rportd to David, My fathr Saul is trying to kill you. Plas b carful tomorrow morning. Go into hiding, and stay out of sight. But Saul s son Jonathan was vry fond of David, and Jonathan told David, My fathr Saul is bnt on killing you. B on your gua tomorrow morning; gt to a scrt plac and rmain in hiding. Litral, almost wo-for-wo, rndrings:

6 1Samul Chaptr NASB Young's Updatd LT But Jonathan, Saul s son, gratly dlightd in David. So Jonathan told David, saying, Saul my fathr is sking to put you to dath. Now thrfor, plas b on gua in th morning, and stay in a scrt plac and hid yourslf. And Jonathan son of Saul dlightd xcdingly in David, and Jonathan dclars to David, saying, Saul my fathr is sking to put you to dath, and now, tak hd, I pray you, in th morning, and you hav stayd in a scrt plac, and hav bn hiddn,... What is th gist of this vrs? Jonathan, bcaus of his lov for David, immdiatly gos to David and warns him of Saul s vil intnt. Jonathan suggsts that David hid himslf until h can sort things out with his fathr. 1Samul 19:2a (v. 1b in som manuscripts) Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs w (or v ) ( ) [pronouncd wh] and simpl wâw conjunction BDB #251 Y hôwnâthân ( ) [pronouncd y -hoh- naw-thawn] altrnat splling; translitratd Jonathan masculin propr noun Strong s #3083 (& #3129) BDB #220 bên ( ) [pronouncd ban] son, dscndant masculin singular construct Strong s #1121 BDB #119 Shâ ûwl ( ) [pronouncd shaw-ool] which is translitratd Saul; it mans askd for masculin propr noun Strong s #7586 BDB #982 châphêts ( ) [pronouncd khaw- FATES] to will, to dsir, to tak plasur in, to dlight in, to long to, to b inclind to 3 prson masculin singular, Qal prfct Strong s #2654 BDB #342 h b ( ) [pronouncd b ] in, into, at, by, nar, on, with, bfor, in th prsnc of, upon, against, by mans of, among, within a prposition of proximity Strong s #non BDB #88 Dâvid ( ); also Dâvîyd (. ) [pronouncd daw- VEED] blovd and is translitratd David masculin propr noun Strong s #1732 BDB #187 m ôd ( ) [pronouncd m -ODE] xcdingly, xtrmly, gratly, vry advrb Strong s #3966 BDB #547 Translation: But Saul s son Jonathan had gratly dlightd in David,... As w hav alrady obsrvd, Jonathan took an immdiat liking to David (1Sam. 18:1, 3 4). And, as has bn pointd out, two mn can hav a grat lov for on anothr without bing gay. 1Samul 19:2b Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs wa or va ( ) [pronouncd and so, thn wâw conscutiv

7 2521 Th Book of Samul 1Samul 19:2b Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs nâgad ( ) [pronouncd naw- GAHD] to mak conspicuous, to mak known, to xpound, to xplain, to dclar, to inform, to confss, to mak it pitifully obvious that 3 prson masculin singular, Hiphil imprfct Strong's #5046 BDB #616 Y hôwnâthân ( ) [pronouncd y -hoh- naw-thawn] altrnat splling; translitratd Jonathan masculin propr noun Strong s #3083 (& #3129) BDB #220 lâmd ( ) (pronouncd to, for, towas, in rgas to prposition l ) BDB #510 Dâvid ( ); also Dâvîyd (. ) [pronouncd daw- VEED] blovd and is translitratd David masculin propr noun Strong s #1732 BDB #187 lâmd ( ) (pronouncd to, for, towas, in rgas to prposition l ) BDB #510 âmar ( ) [pronouncd aw-marh] to say, to spak, to uttr; to say [to onslf], to think Qal infinitiv construct Strong s #559 BDB #55 bâqash ( ) [pronouncd baw- KAHSH] to sk, to sarch, to dsir, to striv aftr, to attmpt to gt, to rquir, to dmand, to ask, to sk with dsir and dilignc Qal activ participl Strong s #1245 BDB #134 Shâ ûwl ( ) [pronouncd shaw-ool] which is translitratd Saul; it mans askd for masculin propr noun Strong s #7586 BDB #982 âb (,) [pronouncd b aw v] fathr, both as th had of a houshold or clan masculin singular noun st with a 1 prson singular suffix Strong s #1 BDB #3 lâmd ( ) (pronouncd to, for, towas, in rgas to prposition l ) BDB #510 mûwth ( ) [pronouncd mooth] to kill, to caus to di, to put to dath, to xcut Hiphil infinitiv construct nd with a 2 prson masculin singular suffix Strong's #4191 BDB #559 Translation:...thrfor Jonathan mad known to David, saying, My fathr Saul is sking to kill you;... Saul told Jonathan his plans, hoping to nlist Jonathan to hlp him assassinat David. Jonathan instad gos to David and informs him of Saul s plan. Now you may think, dosn t David know this alrady? Aftr all, Saul did try to kill him twic in th palac. Mntal illnss can b a stat which coms and gos; a prson can b normal and lucid on momnt, and way out thr th nxt. So, on on occasion (or possibly twic), Saul attmptd to kill David. Howvr, that was wks or vn months ago. David dos not know if this is going to occur again; whthr Saul has snappd out of it; aftr all, David is now his son-in-law and his wif, Saul s daughtr, lovs him. It would b asy to undrstand that David would think that Saul has snappd out of it. What man would kill his own son-in-law

8 1Samul Chaptr whom his daughtr darly lovs? Howvr, suddnly, Saul has mad his plans to kill David mor public (now, all his srvants and his son Jonathan and possibly th rst of his sons know). Also, this is probably th first tim that Jonathan is fully awar of his fathr s intntion. It would hav bn out of charactr for David to go to Jonathan and say, Hy, your old man trid to kill my last night whil I was playing music for him. Howvr, at this point, Jonathan hars this from his fathr s mouth dirctly, which concrns him gratly. 1Samul 19:2c Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs w (or v ) ( ) [pronouncd wh] and simpl wâw conjunction BDB #251 attâh ( ) [pronouncd aht- TAWH] now, at this tim, alrady advrb of tim Strong s #6258 BDB #773 Whn followd by an imprativ or an intrrogativ, w + th advrb attâh man and so, thus, things bing so, thrfor. Somtims, th concpt of tim is lost whn this combination is usd to incit anothr. shâmar ( ) [pronouncd shaw-mar] to b kpt, to b prsrvd; to b carful; to abstain onslf [from anything]; to bwar [of anything]; to car [for somthing]; to tak hd nd 2 prson masculin singular, Niphal imprativ Strong's #8104 BDB #1036 nâ ( ) [pronouncd naw] plas, I pray you, I rspctfully implor (ask, or rqust of) you, I urg you particl of ntraty Strong's #4994 BDB #609 Translation:...thrfor, plas b carful. Jonathan knows that Saul has bcom mor ovrt about his dsir to kill David, vn to th point of nlisting Jonathan s hlp. H thrfor warns David to b carful. 1Samul 19:2d Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs h b ( ) [pronouncd b ] in, into, at, by, nar, on, with, bfor, in th prsnc of, upon, against, by mans of, among, within a prposition of proximity Strong s #non BDB #88 bôqr ( ) [pronouncd BOH-kr] morning masculin singular noun with a dfinit articl Strong s #1242 BDB #133 w (or v ) ( ) [pronouncd wh] and simpl wâw conjunction BDB #251 yâshab ( ) [pronouncd yaw- B SHAH V] to rmain, to stay, to inhabit, to sit, to dwll nd 2 prson masculin singular, Qal prfct Strong's #3427 BDB #442

9 2523 Th Book of Samul 1Samul 19:2d Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs h b ( ) [pronouncd b ] in, into, at, by, nar, on, with, bfor, in th prsnc of, upon, against, by mans of, among, within a prposition of proximity Strong s #non BDB #88 çêthr ( ) [pronouncd SAY-thr] a covring, a hiding plac, scrcy, privatly masculin singular noun with th dfinit articl Strong s #5643 BDB #712 w (or v ) ( ) [pronouncd wh] and simpl wâw conjunction BDB #251 châbâ ( ) b [pronouncd khaw - VAW] to hid onslf; to li hiding; [fling away] scrtly nd 2 prson masculin singular, Niphal prfct Strong s #2244 BDB #285 Translation: Stay in a hiding plac in th morning and stay hiddn [lit., and hid yourslf]. David is told to find a good hiding plac and to rmain thr until th morning. Apparntly, this intntion of Saul s has just bn announcd and Jonathan thn ran to David to tll him. Jonathan no doubt will rturn to his fathr and try to dtrmin what Saul s nxt movs ar. You may wondr, dosn t Saul know how Jonathan fls? Why dosn t h intntionally lav Jonathan out of th loop? Saul, rcall, is wack. H s confusd, h s jalous, h is angry, h is filld with both hat and far. Ths ar som prtty strong motions. Thrfor, h dos not giv a rip about what Jonathan thinks. Aftr all, h is king and h is Jonathan s fathr. Thrfor, whatvr h says prtty much gos at last in his own mind. Furthrmor, somon who is that obsssd oftn loss a grat dal of prcption. Saul probably dos not rcogniz th dpth and strngth of Jonathan s flings. Saul s actions throughout th nxt fw chaptrs indicat that h is not fully cognizant of th bond btwn his son Jonathan and David. Saul is assuming that his son s loyalitis will b towa him, and not towa David. Thrfor, Jonathan is going to b privy to most of th movs that Saul will mak. And I, I will go out and I hav stood to a hand of my fathr in th fild which you [ar] thr and I, I will spak in you unto my fathr and I hav sn what and I hav mad [it] known to you. 1Samul 19:3 And I, [vn] I will go out and stand nxt to my fathr in th fild whr you [ar]. And I will spak bfor you to my fathr and [if] I s anything, thn I will mak [it] known to you. At this tim, I will go with my fathr out to th fild whr you ar hiding and I will spak with him nar you. If I s anything, thn I will mak this known to you. Hr is how othrs hav translatd this vrs: Ancint txts: Masortic Txt Sptuagint And I, I will go out and I hav stood to a hand of my fathr in th fild which you [ar] thr and I, I will spak in you unto my fathr and I hav sn what and I hav mad [it] known to you. And I will go forth and stand nar my fathr in th fild whr you will b and I will spak concrning you to my fathr; and I will s what his answr may b, and I will tll you.

10 1Samul Chaptr Significant diffrncs: No significant diffrncs. Thought-for-thought translations; paraphrass: CEV NJB NLT REB Hid in a fild tomorrow morning, and I ll bring him thr. Thn I ll talk to him about you, and if I find out anything, I ll lt you know. I shall go out and kp my fathr company in th countrysid whr you will b, and shall talk to my fathr about you; I shall s what th situation is and thn tll you. I ll ask my fathr to go out thr with m, and I ll talk to him about you. Thn I ll tll you vrything I can find out. I shall com out and join my fathr in th opn country whr you ar and spak to him about you, and if I discovr anything I shall tll you. Mostly litral rndrings (with som occasional paraphrasing): God s Wo JPS (Tanakh) I ll go out and stand bsid my fathr in th fild whr you ll b. I ll spak with my fathr about you. If I find out anything, I ll tll you. I will go out and stand nxt to my fathr in th fild whr you will b, and I will spak to my fathr about you. If I larn anything, I will tll you. Litral, almost wo-for-wo, rndrings: NASB Young's Updatd LT And I will go out and stand bsid my fathr in th fild whr you ar, and I will spak with my fathr about you; if I find out anything, thn I shall tll you....and I I go out, and hav stood by th sid of my fathr in th fild whr you ar, and I spak of you unto my fathr, and I hav sn what is coming, and I hav dcla it to you. I must admit that th first tim that I rad this, and in rading ach additional translation, this vrs mad littl sns to m. Jonathan says that h will gt his fathr out to th fild whr David is hiding and talk to him, and if h finds out anything, thn h will tll David. Wll, this mad vry littl sns to m bcaus if Jonathan is going to talk to his fathr in th sam plac that David is, thn h wouldn t hav to tll David what Saul said, bcaus David will b right thr and h could har it for himslf. Howvr, th ky is th translation, and prtty much all of th translators got it wrong (although Young was clos). What is th gist of this vrs? Jonathan shars his plan with David. H is going to gt his fathr to spak whil h is nar David in th fild whr David is hiding. If Jonathan ss anything, thn h will mak this known to David as wll. 1Samul 19:3a Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs w (or v ) ( ) [pronouncd wh] and simpl wâw conjunction BDB #251 ânîy (. ) [pronouncd aw-nee] I, m; in answr to a qustion, it mans I am, it is I st 1 prson singular, prsonal pronoun Strong s #589 BDB #58 yâtsâ ( ) [pronouncd yaw- TZAWH] to go out, to com out, to com forth st 1 prson singular, Qal imprfct Strong's #3318 BDB #422

11 2525 Th Book of Samul 1Samul 19:3a Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs w (or v ) ( ) [pronouncd wh] and simpl wâw conjunction BDB #251 âmad ( ) [pronouncd aw- MAHD] to tak a stand, to stand, to rmain, to ndur, to withstand st 1 prson plural, Qal prfct Strong's #5975 BDB #763 lâmd ( ) (pronouncd to, for, towas, in rgas to prposition l ) BDB #510 yâd ( ) [pronouncd yawd] gnrally translatd hand fminin singular noun Strong's #3027 BDB #388 Yâd as a construct and th lâmd prposition ar litrally rnd to a hand of; togthr, thy man to th sid of, bsid, nxt to. âb (,) [pronouncd b aw v] fathr, both as th had of a houshold or clan masculin singular noun st with a 1 prson singular suffix Strong s #1 BDB #3 h b ( ) [pronouncd b ] in, into, at, by, nar, on, with, bfor, in th prsnc of, upon, against, by mans of, among, within a prposition of proximity Strong s #non BDB #88 sâdh ( ) [pronouncd saw-deh] fild, land, opn fild, opn country masculin singular noun with th dfinit articl Strong s #7704 BDB #961 shr ( ) [pronouncd ash-er] that, which, whn, who rlativ pronoun Strong's #834 BDB #81 attâh ( ) - [pronouncd aht-taw] you (oftn, th vrb to b is implid) nd 2 prson masculin singular, prsonal pronoun Strong s #859 BDB #61 shâm ( ) [pronouncd shawm] thr, thithr, whithr advrb Strong s #8033 BDB #1027 Translation: And I, [vn] I will go out and stand nxt to my fathr in th fild whr you [ar]. David is to go out and hid in a fild, and Jonathan suggsts hr that h gt his fathr out to that sam fild. Now, thr must hav bn a grat dal of trust btwn ths mn, bcaus this could just as asily b a trap. Howvr, Jonathan wants David to b abl to har with his own ars just xactly what Saul has to say. Robrt Goon suggsts that David was advisd to hid whr h would hav a good viw of what was going on, and would b abl to assss Saul s attitud for himslf. Jonathan could thn laborat on th dtail. Whthr Jonathan s drawing his fathr into th fild would mak it asir for him to mt David aftrwas without incurring suspicion is lss crtain. That David stays within arshot (?) Of th convrsation, and yt nds to b informd about it, is not ncssarily a sign of a composit narrativ, for, vn if Jonathan contrivd to bring his fathr within yas of David s hiding-plac, h could not tll 3 in advanc how much David would har. 3 Robrt Goon, I & 2Samul A Commntary; Zondrvan Publishing Hous, Grand Rapids, MI; 1986; p. 163.

12 1Samul Chaptr Samul 19:3b Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs w (or v ) ( ) [pronouncd wh] and simpl wâw conjunction BDB #251 ânîy (. ) [pronouncd aw-nee] I, m; in answr to a qustion, it mans I am, it is I st 1 prson singular, prsonal pronoun Strong s #589 BDB #58 dâbar ( ) b [pronouncd daw - VAHR] to spak, to talk [and back with action], to giv an opinion, to xpound, to mak a formal spch, to spak out, to promis, to propos, to spak kindly of, to dclar, to proclaim, to announc st 1 prson singular, Pil imprfct Strong s #1696 BDB #180 h b ( ) [pronouncd b ] in, into, at, by, nar, on, with, bfor, in th prsnc of, upon, against, by mans of, among, within a prposition of proximity Strong s #non BDB #88 attâh ( ) - [pronouncd aht-taw] you (oftn, th vrb to b is implid) nd 2 prson masculin singular, prsonal pronoun Strong s #859 BDB #61 l ( ) [pronouncd l ] in, into, towa, unto, to, rgaing, against dirctional prposition (rspct or dfrnc may b implid) Strong's #413 BDB #39 âb (,) [pronouncd b aw v] fathr, both as th had of a houshold or clan masculin singular noun st with a 1 prson singular suffix Strong s #1 BDB #3 Translation: And I will spak bfor you to my fathr... Th bêyth prposition is a prposition of proximity. Although it can b usd in th sns of concrning, in rspct to, on account of, it is usually rnd in, into, by, nar, with, bfor, against. Crtainly, Jonathan is going to b spaking to Saul about David; howvr, th ky hr is that h will b spaking to his fathr Saul nar David; in th prsnc of David; bfor David. Most translators did not rndr this accuratly bcaus it maks vry littl sns whn combind with thir translation of th scond half of this vrs. Howvr, if both portions of th vrs ar rnd accuratly, thn it all maks sns. 1Samul 19:3c Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs w (or v ) ( ) [pronouncd wh] and simpl wâw conjunction BDB #251 râ âh ( ) [pronouncd raw-awh] to s, to look, to look at, to viw, to bhold; to prciv, to undrstand, to larn, to know st 1 prson singular, Qal prfct Strong's #7200 BDB #906

13 2527 Th Book of Samul 1Samul 19:3c Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs mâh ( ) [pronouncd maw] what, how, why; what [thing]; anything, somthing, whatvr intrrogativ; xclamatory particl; indfinit pronoun; rlativ pronoun Strong s #4100 BDB #552 w (or v ) ( ) [pronouncd wh] and simpl wâw conjunction BDB #251 nâgad ( ) [pronouncd naw- GAHD] to mak conspicuous, to mak known, to xpound, to xplain, to dclar, to inform, to confss, to mak it pitifully obvious that st 1 prson singular, Hiphil prfct Strong's #5046 BDB #616 lâmd ( ) (pronouncd l ) to, for, towas, in rgas to prposition with th 2 nd prson masculin singular suffix; pausal form BDB #510 Translation:...and [if] I s anything, thn I will mak [it] known to you. David is going to b within haring rang of Saul and Jonathan. Now, I don t know what th landscap was lik or how David would hid that clos, but I usd to liv in a hous that if you stppd out th back door and walkd into th forst, you only ndd to walk about yas and you could no longr s th hous, as th woods wr so thick (this was almost swampland in Txas). So David would b in a plac whr h could not s Saul and Jonathan, but h could har thm. What Jonathan is saying hr is that, if h ss anything that is, if h ss anything that David is unabl to s thn h will mak this known to him. As has bn mntiond, Saul is not fully cognizant of Jonathan s bond with David. H has assumd that his own psychotic motions suprcd Jonathan s frindship. Thrfor hr, in this contxt, as wll as in 1Sam. 20, Saul will mak known to Jonathan most of his intndd movs (as Jonathan is a part of Saul s snior staff). And, prviw of coming attractions, whn Saul ralizs that Jonathan taks David s sid, h will accus David of sdition and of alinating his own son from him. And so spaks Jonathan in David good unto his fathr and so h says unto him, Dos not sin th king in his srvant in David bcaus h has not sinnd to you; and bcaus his dds [hav bn] good to you xcdingly. 1Samul 19:4 So Jonathan spok wll concrning David to his fathr, and h said to him, Th king will not sin against his srvant against David bcaus h has not sinnd with rspct to you; and bcaus his dds [hav bn] xtrmly bnficial to you. So Jonathan spok wll of David to his fathr, saying, Do not sin against David, your srvant, bcaus h has nvr sinnd in any way against you. In fact, his dds hav bn xtrmly bnficial to you. Hr is how othrs hav translatd this vrs: Ancint txts: Masortic Txt And so spaks Jonathan in David good unto his fathr and so h says unto him, Dos not sin th king in his srvant in David bcaus h has not sinnd to you; and bcaus his dds [hav bn] good to you xcdingly.

14 1Samul Chaptr Sptuagint Significant diffrncs: And Jonathan spok favorably concrning David to Saul his fathr, and said to him, Lt not th king sin against your srvant David, for h has not sinnd against you, and his dds [ar] vry good. No significant diffrncs. Thought-for-thought translations; paraphrass: NLT REB TEV Th nxt morning Jonathan spok with his fathr about David, saying many good things about him. Plas don t sin against David, Jonathan pladd. H s nvr don anything to harm you. H has always hlpd you in any way h could. Jonathan spok up for David to his fathr Saul and said to him, Sir, do not wrong your srvant David; h has not wrongd you; his achivmnts hav all bnfittd you gratly. Jonathan praisd David to Saul and said, Sir, don t do wrong to your srvant David. H has nvr don you any wrong; on th contrary, vrything h has don has bn a grat hlp to you. Mostly litral rndrings (with som occasional paraphrasing): God s Wo JPS (Tanakh) So Jonathan spok wll of David to his fathr Saul. You should not commit a sin against your srvant David, h said. H hasn t sinnd against you. Instad, h has don som vry fin things for you:... So Jonathan spok wll of David to his fathr Saul. H said to him, Lt not Your Majsty wrong his srvant David, for h has not wrongd you; indd, all his actions hav bn vry much to your advantag. Litral, almost wo-for-wo, rndrings: NASB Young's Updatd LT Thn Jonathan spok wll of David to Saul his fathr, and said to him, Do not lt th king sin against his srvant David, sinc h has not sinnd against you, and sinc his dds hav bn vry bnficial [lit., good] to you. And Jonathan spaks good of David unto Saul his fathr, and says unto hi, Lt not th king sin against his srvant, against David, bcaus h has not sinnd against you, and bcaus his works for you ar vry good;... What is th gist of this vrs? Jonathan sts vrything up so that h and Saul and crtainly som witnsss ar out in a fild; and David is narby, within haring rang. Jonathan spaks wll of David, pointing out that David has not don anything which wrongs th king; which is why Saul should not sin against David. 1Samul 19:4a Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs wa or va ( ) [pronouncd and so, thn wâw conscutiv

15 2529 Th Book of Samul 1Samul 19:4a Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs dâbar ( ) b [pronouncd daw - VAHR] to spak, to talk [and back with action], to giv an opinion, to xpound, to mak a formal spch, to spak out, to promis, to propos, to spak kindly of, to dclar, to proclaim, to announc 3 prson masculin singular, Pil imprfct Strong s #1696 BDB #180 Y hôwnâthân ( ) [pronouncd y -hoh- naw-thawn] altrnat splling; translitratd Jonathan masculin propr noun Strong s #3083 (& #3129) BDB #220 h b ( ) [pronouncd b ] in, among, in th midst of; at, by, nar, on, bfor, in th prsnc of, upon; with; to, unto, upon, up to; in rspct to, on account of; by mans of, with, about, concrning primarily a prposition of proximity; howvr, it has a multitud of fuctions Strong s #non BDB #88 Dâvid ( ); also Dâvîyd (. ) [pronouncd daw- VEED] blovd and is translitratd David masculin propr noun Strong s #1732 BDB #187 ôwb ( ) [pronouncd b to v] plasant, plasing, agrabl, good, bttr adjctiv which acts lik a substantiv Strong s #2896 BDB #373 l ( ) [pronouncd l ] in, into, towa, unto, to, rgaing, against dirctional prposition (rspct or dfrnc may b implid) Strong's #413 BDB #39 âb (,) [pronouncd b aw v] fathr, both as th had of a houshold or clan masculin singular noun with a 3 prson singular suffix Strong s #1 BDB #3 Translation: So Jonathan spok wll concrning David to his fathr,... Jonathan spaks wll of David to his fathr. Although w may not b givn th ntir convrsation, w hav it summd up in this vrs. Jonathan and othrs, will, on svral occasions, attmpt to rason with his fathr concrning David s loyalty (s also 1Sam. 20:32 22:14). If you ar normal and th logic for a position is clar and irrfutabl, you figur that all you nd to do is to prsnt ths facts to anothr prson, and thy will agr with you. Lt m st you straight: whn daling with an irrational woman, no amount of logic will gt you anywhr at anytim. Whn daling with somon lik Saul, no logical argumnt is going to sway him for vry long (this argumnt of Jonathan s will apparntly rach Saul for a tim). 1Samul 19:4b Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs wa or va ( ) [pronouncd and so, thn wâw conscutiv

16 1Samul Chaptr Samul 19:4b Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs âmar ( ) [pronouncd aw-marh] to say, to spak, to uttr; to say [to onslf], to think 3 prson masculin singular, Qal imprfct Strong s #559 BDB #55 l ( ) [pronouncd l ] in, into, towa, unto, to, rgaing, against dirctional prposition (rspct or dfrnc may b implid) with a 3 prson masculin singular suffix Strong's #413 BDB #39 al ( ) [pronouncd al] not; nothing; non - advrb of ngation; conjunction of prohibiting, dhorting, dprcating, dsir that somthing not b don Strong s #408 BDB #39. châ â ( ) [pronouncd khaw-taw] to sin, to miss, to miss th mark, to violat th law, to rr; to do wrong, to commit a transgrssion 3 prson masculin singular, Qal imprfct Strong s #2398 BDB #306 mlk ( ) [pronouncd MEH-lk] king, rulr, princ masculin singular noun with th dfinit articl Strong s #4428 BDB #572 h b ( ) [pronouncd b ] in, into, at, by, nar, on, with, bfor, in th prsnc of, upon, against, by mans of, among, within a prposition of proximity Strong s #non BDB #88 bd ( ) B [pronouncd E -vd] slav, srvant masculin singular noun with a 3 prson masculin singular suffix Strong s #5650 BDB #713 h b ( ) [pronouncd b ] in, into, at, by, nar, on, with, bfor, in th prsnc of, upon, against, by mans of, among, within a prposition of proximity Strong s #non BDB #88 Dâvid ( ); also Dâvîyd (. ) [pronouncd daw- VEED] blovd and is translitratd David masculin propr noun Strong s #1732 BDB #187 kîy ( ) [pronouncd k] for, that, bcaus; whn, at that tim, which, what tim conjunction; prposition Strong's #3588 BDB #471 lô ( or ) [pronouncd low] not, no ngats th wo or action that follows; th absolut ngation Strong s #3808 BDB #518 châ â ( ) [pronouncd khaw-taw] to sin, to miss, to miss th mark, to violat th law, to rr; to do wrong, to commit a transgrssion 3 prson masculin singular, Qal prfct Strong s #2398 BDB #306

17 2531 Th Book of Samul 1Samul 19:4b Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs Not th diffrnt tnss of th sam vrb: first to sin is found in th Qal imprfct, bcaus Saul had not yt killd David; so th action is incomplt. Howvr, Jonathan points out that David has not sinnd (Qal prfct complt action) against Saul. lâmd ( ) (pronouncd l ) to, for, towas, in rgas to, with rfrnc to, as to, with rgas to, blonging to prposition with a 2 nd prson masculin singular suffix BDB #510 Not th diffrnc of th prpositions. A coupl wos back, Jonathan says that Th king will not sin against David..., which indicats that Saul had a spcific action in mind which would b dirctly against David. Th Jonathan offrs his rasoning:...bcaus h has not sinnd with rspct to you. David has clarly nvr don anything dirctly against Saul. Howvr, this is not th point that Jonathan is making. David has not sinnd at all with rspct to Saul. This is a vry gnral statmnt indicating that David has nvr don anything vn rmotly wrong with rspct to Saul. Translation:...and h said to him, Th king will not sin against his srvant against David bcaus h has not sinnd with rspct to you;... You will not th protocol hr. Jonathan dos not us th imprativ mood, but h instad uss th 3 prson masculin singular, Qal imprfct of to sin. H says, Th king will not sin with against David, bcaus David has not sinnd with rspct to him. In fact, this portion of v. 4 is a miniatur lsson in Hbrw. Th first tim w find châ â (to sin), it is in th imprfct tns, maning that it is incomplt action. Saul has not compltd his sin against David. H has so far only announcd his intntions with rspct to David. Howvr, th scond tim th vrb is usd, it is in th prfct tns, which is compltd action. Up until that point in tim, David had not sinnd against Saul. Scondly, not th diffrnc of prpositions. It rads that Saul should not sin against David; howvr, w ar thn told that David has not sinnd with rspct to Saul. Saul has a spcific sin in mind to commit against David: mur. Howvr, David has not sinnd in any way with rspct to Saul. That is, on could not find any actions which vn could b rmotly consid as sins against Saul. Jonathan will mak a similar argumnt to his fathr in th nxt chaptr whn Saul ralizs that Jonathan has subvrtd his plans to kill David (1Sam. 20:30 33). Howvr, at that point, it will b clar to Jonathan that Saul can no longr b rasond with (1Sam. 20:34). 1Samul 19:4c Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs w (or v ) ( ) [pronouncd wh] and simpl wâw conjunction BDB #251 kîy ( ) [pronouncd k] for, that, bcaus; whn, at that tim, which, what tim conjunction; prposition Strong's #3588 BDB #471 ma sh ( ) [pronouncd mah- a- SEH dds, works, production, that which is don masculin plural noun with th 3 prson masculin singular suffix Strong's #4639 BDB #795

18 1Samul Chaptr Samul 19:4c Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs ôwb ( ) [pronouncd b to v] plasant, plasing, agrabl, good, bttr adjctiv which acts lik a substantiv Strong s #2896 BDB #373 lâmd ( ) (pronouncd l ) to, for, towas, in rgas to, with rfrnc to, as to, with rgas to, blonging to prposition with a 2 nd prson masculin singular suffix BDB #510 m ôd ( ) [pronouncd m -ODE] xcdingly, xtrmly, gratly, vry advrb Strong s #3966 BDB #547 Translation:...and bcaus his dds [hav bn] xtrmly bnficial to you. Jonathan adds to his xplanation. It is not simply that David hasn t sinnd against Saul but that what David has don has bnfittd th king gratly. Saul s dirctiv to kill David maks littl sns in no way can David b construd of as an nmy of Saul s. In fact, h is on of Saul s gratst allis. I want you to rcall that David would b a challng to Jonathan for th thron. Jonathan is on of th prsons who is in lin for th thron; howvr, if David bcoms king, Jonathan would los all claims to th thron. Also rcogniz that Jonathan has alrady ha Saul s ralization that th popl favor David ovr his fathr (1Sam. 18:7 8, 14 16). Jonathan, no doubt, has alrady consid th fact that David may bcom king ovr Isral. Howvr, Jonathan has a sns of intgrity and placs frindship abov any prsonal ambition that h might hav. Jonathan undrstands that God s will is God s will, and that thr is no rason to run countr to God his own fathr is a prim xampl of this. Application: Your prsonal ambition should nvr vr supplant prsonal intgrity. I can almost guarant that you will b tstd on this. And so h placs his soul in his palm and so h striks down th Philistin and so dos Y howah a dlivranc grat to all Isral. You saw and so you rjoic and to why do you sin in blood innocnt to kill David for nothing? 1Samul 19:5 H riskd his lif [lit., h placd his soul in his palm] and struck down th Philistin, and Y howah [through him] dliv [lit., mad a grat dlivranc for] all Isral. You saw [this] and you [still] rjoic so why do you [now] sin against innocnt blood, [dsiring] to kill David without caus? David riskd his lif whn h facd down and killd that Philistin; and Jhovah ffctd a grat dlivranc for all Isral through him. You yourslf saw this with your own ys and Isral vn today rjoics ovr this victory so why do you dsir to kill David and thus sin against an innocnt prson? Hr is how othrs hav translatd this vrs: Ancint txts: Latin Vulgat Masortic Txt And h put his lif in his hand, and struck down th Philistin, and th Lo has brought about a grat salvation for all Isral. You saw it and rjoicd. Why thrfor wilt you sin against innocnt blood, by killing David, who is without fault?. And so h placs his soul in his palm and so h striks down th Philistin and so dos Y howah a dlivranc grat to all Isral. You saw and so you rjoic and to why do you sin in blood innocnt to kill David for nothing?

19 2533 Th Book of Samul Sptuagint Significant diffrncs: And h put his lif in his hand, and struck th Philistin, and th Lo brought a grat dlivranc; and all Isral saw and rjoicd; why thn do you sin against innocnt blood, to slay David without a caus? Th primary diffrnc is, Saul saw and rjoicd in th Latin, Hbrw and Syriac concrning David s victoris; in th Grk, it is Isral which saw and rjoicd. Thought-for-thought translations; paraphrass: CEV NLT Th nxt morning, Jonathan rmindd Saul about th many good things David had don for him. Thn h said, Why do you want to kill David? H hasn t don anything to you. H has srvd in your army and has always don what s bst for you. H vn riskd his lif to kill Goliath. Th LORD hlpd Isral win a grat victory that day, and it mad you happy. [Th CEV combind vv. 4 5, so I hav prsntd thm both hr]. Hav you forgottn about th tim h riskd his lif to kill th Philistin giant and how th LORD brought a grat victory to Isral as a rsult? You wr crtainly happy about it thn. Why should you mur an innocnt man lik David? Thr is no rason for it at all! Mostly litral rndrings (with som occasional paraphrasing): God s Wo JPS (Tanakh) H riskd his lif and killd th Philistin Goliath, and th LORD gav all Isral a grat victory. Whn you saw it, you rjoicd. Why thn should you sin by shdding David s innocnt blood for no rason? H took his lif in his hands and killd th Philistin, and th LORD wrought a grat victory for all Isral. You saw it and rjoicd. Why thn should you incur th guilt of shdding th blood of an innocnt man, killing David without caus? Litral, almost wo-for-wo, rndrings: NASB Young's Updatd LT For h took his lif in his hand and struck th Philistin, and th LORD brought about a grat dlivranc for all Isral; you saw it and rjoicd. Why thn will you sin against innocnt blood, by putting David to dath without a caus?...ya, h puts his lif in his hand, and striks down th Philistin, and Jhovah works a grat salvation for all Isral; you hav sn and hav rjoicd, and why do you sin against innocnt blood, to put David to dath for nothing? What is th gist of this vrs? In v. 5, Jonathan continus his complling argumnt on bhalf of David. Saul obsrvd that David riskd his own lif and killd Goliath, by th dlivranc of God; which act dliv all of Isral. Saul himslf obsrvd and rjoicd at this victory. Thrfor, Jonathan asks his fathr, Why would you sin against an innocnt prson and xcut David for no rason? 1Samul 19:5a Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs wa or va ( ) [pronouncd and so, thn wâw conscutiv

20 1Samul Chaptr Samul 19:5a Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs sîym ( ) [pronouncd sm]; also splld sûwm ( ) [pronouncd soom] to put, to plac, to st, to mak 3 prson masculin singular, Qal imprfct Strong's #7760 BDB #962 êth ( ) [pronouncd ayth] gnrally untranslatd indicats that th following substantiv is a dirct objct Strong's #853 BDB #84 nphsh ( ) [pronouncd NEH-fsh] soul, lif, living bing, dsir fminin singular noun with a 3 prson masculin plural suffix Strong s #5315 BDB #659 h b ( ) [pronouncd b ] in, into, at, by, nar, on, with, bfor, in th prsnc of, upon, against, by mans of, among, within a prposition of proximity Strong s #non BDB #88 kaph ( ) [pronouncd kaf] palm, hollow or flat of th hand, sol of th foot; bowl, spoon fminin singular noun with a 3 prson masculin singular suffix Strong s #3709 BDB #496 Ths nouns ar tid togthr bcaus of th fact that thy ar concav. wa or va ( ) [pronouncd and so, thn wâw conscutiv nâkâh ( ) [pronouncd naw- KAWH] to smit, to assault, to hit, to strik, to strik [somthing or somon] down, to dfat 3 prson masculin singular, Hiphil imprfct Strong #5221 BDB #645 êth ( ) [pronouncd ayth] gnrally untranslatd indicats that th following substantiv is a dirct objct Strong's #853 BDB #84 P lish tîy (. ) [pronouncd p -lish-tee] translitratd Philistin masculin singular gntilic adjctiv (acts lik a propr noun) with th dfinit articl Strong s #6430 BDB #814 Translation: H riskd his lif [lit., h placd his soul in his palm] and struck down th Philistin,... Rcall th Goliath cam out and challngd Isral for 40 days and no on, including Saul, was willing to fac him (1Sam. 17). David put his own lif at risk whn h facd (and killd) this Philistin. David s fight with Goliath is lgnd. Thos who know littl or nothing about Scriptur know somthing about David and Goliath. For 40 days, Goliath paradd his hug prsonag bfor all of Saul s army, asking for thm to snd out but on man to do battl, to sttl th war btwn th Isralits and th Philistins. For 40 days, no man cam forwa from th ranks of Isral. And thn whn David brought supplis to his brothrs, h hars this Philistin rag on Isral s army, h hars what Saul will do for th man who dfats Goliath, and h stands up to th giant.