1Samuel 11. Doctrines Alluded To

Transcription

1 1Samul 11 1Samul 11:1 15 Saul Dfats th Ammonits Outlin of Chaptr 11: vv. 1 2 Th Proposal of Nahash th Ammonit vv. 3 5 Th Mn of Jabsh-Gilad Snd for Hlp vv Saul Rsponds with th Army of Isral vv Saul is Gracious to his Dtractors vv Isral Rcognizs Saul as King in Gilgal Charts and Maps: Introduction Map of Gad, Rubn and Moab v. 1 A Chronology of Evnts v. 1 A Mistakn Imprssion of th Facts v. 1 Th Squnc of Evnts v. 3 Why Dos Nahash Agr to th Proposal of th 7000 Jws? v. 7 Th Similaritis and Diffrncs to Judgs v. 8 Map of Bzk v. 11 A Map of Saul's Attack on Nahash v. 12 Th Noblman who Gos to Forign Country and Lavs His Srvants in Charg v. 13 Has Saul Bn Studying Scriptur? v. 14 Why Samul Suggsts that all Isral go to Gilgal at this Point Doctrins Alludd To Th Ministry of God th Holy Spirit in th Old Tstamnt Various Lvitical Offrings I ntroduction: Th bginnings of Saul as king ar fascinating. On th basis of 1Sam. 11, Saul will rciv widsprad popular approval and w may assum that his rul bgins at th nd of this chaptr. In 1Sam. 9:1 10:1, Saul was st as king ovr Isral privatly by God. At th nd of 1Sam. 10, Saul was brought bfor th popl of Isral and slctd as thir king possibly by lots and possibly as an laborat crmony. In this chaptr, Saul taks a ladrship position from a military standpoint (which was th public s chif rason for dsiring a king), and this gains him popular approval, which ssntially bgins and solidifis his rul ovr all Isral. Also in this chaptr w s shads of th division of Isral into two nations. In v. 8, w hav troops coming from Isral (th northrn portion of th Jwish nation) and from Judah (th southrn portion). Rcall that in arlir chaptrs, th Philistins drov a wdg btwn th two parts of Isral. Rcall that vn bfor thn, th judgs wr oftn from spcific aras. Thrfor, vn though in this chaptr, w s Saul gaining popular approval throughout all Isral, w also rcogniz that thr ar two sparat trritoris that mak up Isral; and w know from history that ths two trritoris will split into two sovrign nations aftr th dath of Solomon. This chaptr bgins with Nahash, a rulr of th Ammonits, bsiging th kingdom of Isral from th ast. If th additional information found in crtain translations and th information found in Josphus ar to b blivd, Nahash had attackd th Gadits and th Rubnits with grat succss. To hlp you with th location, Rubn and Gad ar both tribs on th ast sid of th Joan. Gad s boundaris wnt from th Sa of Chinnrth down

2 1287 Th Book of Samul to th Dad Sa and th trib of Rubn occupid th ara ast of th Dad Sa, on th northrn half of that body of watr (s th map blow right). Givn th rlativ juxtaposition of ths countris, ths ar th two countris that w would xpct Ammon to attack first. If w wr to dpnd upon most translations, w might s this as an attack upon Jabshgilad, without rfrnc to what has gon bfor. Howvr, th additional matrial indicats that Nahash has attackd most of Gad and Rubn and that th surviving mals find thmslvs in th city of Jabsh-gilad, which appars to b th last hold out for th astrn Isralis. Ths mn ask for trms of srvitud and Nahash says that his trms ar h will goug out thir right ys and thn mak thm srvants of his. Thy thn ask for a svn-day rpriv from thir fat, and Nahash grants that rpriv. Th attack spokn of in this chaptr is upon th city of Jabshgilad, which, as you can s by th map, is locatd nar th Joan Rivr (approximatly 3 mils ast of th Joan) in ast cntral th trritory of Gad. As is obvious from th map, Ammon butts up against Gad and Rubn, and would b a natural plac for th Ammonits to bgin thir invasion of Isral. Jabsh-gilad is prtty far from th havily populatd aras of Isral, making thir dlivranc unlikly. This map was takn from Nw Amrican Standa Bibl, Study Edition; A. J. Holman Company, 1975 by Th Lockman Foundation, p (in th map supplmnt). Th mn of Jabsh-gilad snd mssngrs throughout Isral, and Saul rsponds. H assmbls an Israli rsistnc, undr th guidanc of Samul and in th powr of th Holy Spirit. In v. 11, w hav th actual battl, whrin Saul succssfully striks and scattrs th forcs of Nahash. On th basis of this grat victory, Saul is mad king ovr all Isral through popular rcognition. This victory and Saul s ascnsion to th thron of Isral ar both clbratd in Gilgal. Thr ar a coupl of things which will stand out in this chaptr: vn though Saul will apparntly assum th rigns of civil rul, Samul will b lookd to mak dcisions which should blong to a king (1Sam. 11:12). This is to b xpctd, as Samul has bn th unqustiond rulr ovr Isral for svral dcads now (my guss would b for at last 40 yars and possibly vn 60 yars). Thrfor, vn though th popl will chr on Saul as thir king, thy will still go to Samul for som guidanc as h was a judg. You should notic Saul s bravry. Evn though, whn his nam was calld to rul ovr Isral, h hid (1Sam. 10:22), whn h is calld upon to lad an army to dstroy th Ammonits, h took a military ladrship rol without wavring. Aftr dfating th Ammonits and bing publically inductd as King ovr Isral, Saul, for a momnt, had th opportunity to dstroy his political nmis and graciously, h chos not to. Saul had no problms with thos who disag with him bing allowd to liv. Rcall that th first king of Isral, Abimlch, killd all of his half-brothrs in or to insur his claim to th thron. Saul was willing to b gracious to his nmis. Finally, you may rcall that back in 1Sam. 10:8, Samul smd to prophsy about Saul going to Gilgal and waiting 7 days for Samul to com and to offr up sacrifics to God. W will discuss if this chaptr contains th fulfillmnt of Samul s wos.

3 1Samul Chaptr Rturn to Chaptr Outlin Rturn to th Chart and Map Indx Th Proposal of Nahash th Ammonit Slavishly litral: [Now Nahash, king of th Ammonits, had bn grivously opprssing th Gadits and th Rubnits. H would goug out th right y of ach of thm and would not grant Isral a dlivrr. No on was lft of th Isralits across th Joan whos right y Nahash, king of th Ammonits, had not gougd out. But thr wr svn thousand mn who had scapd from th Ammonits and had nt Jabsh-gilad.] And so about a month latr, wnt up Nahash th Ammonit and so h ncampd against Jabsh-gilad; and so say all mn of Jabsh unto Nahash, Cut for us a covnant and w will srv you. 1Samul 11:1 Modratly litral: [Historical not: Nahash, th king of th Ammonits, had bn grivously opprssing th Gadits and th Rubnits. H would goug out th right y of ach of thm and would not grant Isral a dlivrr. No on was lft of th Isralits across th Joan whos right y Nahash, king of th Ammonits, had not gougd out. But thr wr svn thousand mn who had scapd from th Ammonits and had nt Jabsh-gilad.] About a month latr, Nahash th Ammonit wnt up and ncampd against Jabsh-gilad. Thn all th mn of Jabsh said to Nahash, Mak a traty with us and w will srv you. [Historical not: During this sam tim priod, Nahash, th king of th Ammonits, was attacking and opprssing both th Gadits and th Rubnits. H would typically goug out thir right ys and Isral had no on to dlivr thm. Nahash had gougd out th right ys of virtually vry mal ast of th Joan, with th xcption of 7000 mn who had scapd from th Ammonits and wr hold up in Jabsh-gilad]. About a month aftr Saul was slctd as king of Isral, Nahash th Ammonit brought his vicious army to Jabsh-gilad. Th mn at Jabsh bggd Nahash, Mak a traty with us and w will b your srvants. Lt s s what othrs hav don. Also, I will includ a portion of what th NRSV tacks onto th nd of th prvious chaptr. God s Wo includs that sam portion, but placs it whr it logically blongs at th bginning of this chaptr. Svral othr translations includ this ithr as a footnot or as part of th txt. I hav includd a larg numbr of translations hr bcaus you may or may not hav this additional txt in your translation and you may wondr from whr I am taching. Ancint txts: Dad Sa Scrolls [Na]has king of th [Ammonits opprssd th Gadits and th Rubnits viciously. H put out th right [y] of a[ll] of thm and brought f[ar and trmbling] on [Isral. Not on of th Isralits in th rgion b[yond th Joan] rmaind [whos] right y Naha[sh king of] th Ammonits did n[ot pu]t out, xcpt svn thousand mn [who scapd from] th Ammonits and wnt to [Ja]bsh-gilad. 1 2 Thn aftr about a month, Nahash th Ammonit wnt up and bsigd Jabsh- [Gilad]. So all th popl of Jabsh said to Nahash, [ Mak a covnant] with [us, and w will srv you. ] 1 a 4QSam ; cf. Josphus. Not in MT LXX. Th Dad Sa Scrolls Bibl calls this on of th singl most dramatic discovris among th biblical scrolls but tlls us that Josphus had this passag in th Bibl which h usd. Th Dad Sa Scrolls Bibl; translation and commntary by Martin Abgg Jr., Ptr Flint and Eugn Ulrich; Harpr SF, 1999, pp a As pr 4QSam and LXX. Th MT rads but h kpt silnt instad.

4 1289 Th Book of Samul Latin Vulgat Masortic Txt Sptuagint Significant diffrncs: And it cam to pass about a month aftr this, that Naas, th Ammonit, cam up, and bgan to fight against Jabs Galaad. And all th mn of Jabs said to Naas: Mak a covnant with us, and w will srv you. [Now Nahash, king of th Ammonits, had bn grivously opprssing th Gadits and th Rubnits. H would goug out th right y of ach of thm and would not grant Isral a dlivrr. No on was lft of th Isralits across th Joan whos right y Nahash, king of th Ammonits, had not gougd out. But thr wr svn thousand mn who had scapd from th Ammonits and had nt Jabsh-gilad.] And so about a month latr, wnt up Nahash th Ammonit and so h ncampd against Jabsh-gilad; and so say all mn of Jabsh unto Nahash, Cut for us a covnant and w will srv you. And it cam to pass about a month aftr this that Naas th Ammanit wnt up, and ncampd against Jabis Galaad; and all th mn of Jabis said to Naas th Ammonit, Mak a covnant with us, and w will srv you. Th most significant diffrnc is th missing portion of Scriptur found in th Dad Sa Scrolls. It appars as though ths lins wr lost around th tim of our Lo s first advnt. Thought-for-thought translations; paraphrass: CEV NJB NLT REB [Th Dad Sa Scrolls add King Nahash of Ammon was making th popl of Gad and Rubn misrabl. H was poking out vryon s right y, and no on in Isral could stop him. H had pokd out th right y of vry Isralit man who livd ast of th Joan Rivr. Only svn thousand mn had scapd from th Ammonits, and thy had gon into th town of Jabsh in Gilad. About a month latr...] About this tim, King Nahash of Ammon cam with his army and surroundd th town of Jabsh in Gilad. Th popl who livd thr told Nahash, If you will sign a pac traty with us, you can b our rulr, and w will pay taxs to you. About a month latr, Nahash th Ammonit marchd up and laid sig to Jabsh in Gilad. All th mn of Jabsh said to Nahash, "Mak a traty with us and w will b your subjcts.". a {Dad Sa Scroll 4QSam continus [v. 27]: Nahash, king of th Ammonits, had bn grivously opprssing th Gadits and Rubnits who livd ast of th Joan Rivr. H gougd out th right y of ach of th Isralits living thr, and h didn t allow anyon to com and rscu thm. In fact, of all th Isralits ast of th Joan, thr wasn t a singl on whos right y Nahash had not gougd out. But thr wr svn thousand mn who had scapd from th Ammonits, and thy had sttld in Jabsh-gilad.} 3 About a month latr, King Nahash of Ammon ld his army against th Isralit city of Jabsh-gilad. But th citizns of Jabsh askd for pac. Mak a traty with us, and w will b your srvants, thy pladd. About a month latr Nahash th Ammonits attackd and bsigd Jabsh-gilad. Th mn of Jabsh said to Nahash, Grant us trms and w will b your subjcts. Mostly litral rndrings (with som occasional paraphrasing): God s Wo King Nahash of Ammon was svrly opprssing th tribs of Gad and Rubn. H would pok out vryon s right y and allow no on to rscu Isral. Thr was no on among th Isralits ast of th Joan Rivr whos right y King Nahash of Ammon had not pokd out. Howvr, svn thousand mn had scapd 3 I apprciat that th NLT tlls us xactly from which manuscript this addition cam.

5 1Samul Chaptr JPS (Tanakh) from th Ammonits and gon to Jabsh Gilad. About a month latr Nahash th Ammonit blockadd Jabsh Gilad. All th mn of Jabsh said to Nahash, Mak a traty with us, and w ll srv you. [From Sptuagint and 4QSam: About a month latr], Nahash th Ammonit marchd up and bsigd Jabsh-gilad. All of th mn of Jabsh-gilad said to Nahash, Mak a pact with us, and w will srv you. Litral, almost wo-for-wo, rndrings: NASB NRSV Young's Updatd LT Now Nahash th Ammonit cam up and bsigd Jabsh-gilad; and all th mn of Jabsh said to Nahash, Mak a covnant with us and w will srv you. Now Nahash, king of th Ammonits, had bn grivously opprssing th Gadits and th Rubnits. H would goug out th right y of ach of thm and would not grant Isral a dlivrr. No on was lft of th Isralits across th Joan whos right y Nahash, king of th Ammonits, had not gougd out. But thr wr svn thousand mn who had scapd from th Ammonits and had nt Jabsh-gilad. About a month latr, Nahash th Ammonit wnt up and bsigd Jabsh-gilad; and all th mn of Jabsh said to Nahash, Mak a traty with us, and w will srv you. And Nahash th Ammonit coms up, and ncamps against Jabsh-Gilad, and all th mn of Jabsh say unto Nahash, Mak with us a covnant, and w srv you. This prologu found in th NRSV is not found in th Grk nor is it found in th MT but it is found in th Dad Sa Scrolls. This introduction found in th NRSV crtainly sms to mak mor sns than th way th MT rads (which simply jumps into th subjct without any sort of introduction); and it sms unlikly that this would crtainly b addd to Scriptur as a rsult of somon s vry fruitful imagination. What is th gist of this vrs? Th viciousnss of Nahash th Ammonit is mad clar: h has wagd war against th astrn tribs of Isral, and, upon conquring thm, would goug out thir right y. Thr wr only 7000 mn of Isral who rmaind, who wr hold up in Jabsh in Gilad. 1Samul 11:1a Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs All I hav at this point is th English translation found in th Dad Sa Scrolls Bibl and from th NRSV (and a fw othr translations giv thir vrsion of this as wll). I do not hav accss to th Grk or Hbrw Dad Sa Scrolls. In fact, at this point, I don t vn know if this txt is Grk or Hbrw (although it appars as a though th 4QSam txt is Hbrw I prsonally hav not sn this to confirm it). Translation: [Historical not: Nahash, th king of th Ammonits, had bn grivously opprssing th Gadits and th Rubnits. H would goug out th right y of ach of thm and would not grant Isral a dlivrr. No on was lft of th Isralits across th Joan whos right y Nahash, king of th Ammonits, had not gougd out. But thr wr svn thousand mn who had scapd from th Ammonits and had nt Jabshgilad.] As is obvious, svral translations includ a rathr lngthy prologu to this chaptr (this was actually tackd onto th nd of th prvious chaptr). Its origin is on of th manuscripts found with th Dad Sa Scrolls a 4 (4QSam ). Apparntly, w only hav but on lon Hbrw manuscript which supports this addition. Howvr, 4 Qumran rfrs to th gnral ara whr th Dad Sa Scrolls wr discov. Thrfor, whn you s a Q in front of a particular book, that mans that th manuscript was on of thos discov among th Dad Sa Scrolls. Th standa a dsignation could hav just as asily bn 4DSSam. Th numbr 4 rfrs to th cav from which this manuscript was takn. Sinc thr wr thr Samul manuscripts which cam from cav #4, my guss is that th suprscript a rfrs to a particular on of th thr.

6 1291 Th Book of Samul thr is som support for this historicity of this additional paragraph, as th NRSV points to Josphus, Antiquitis VI. v. 1 (68 71). Off th Intrnt, I locatd th following quot from Josphus: AFTER on month, th war which Saul had with Nahash, th king of th Ammonits, obtaind him rspct from all th popl; for this Nahash had don a grat dal of mischif to th Jws that livd byond Joan by th xpdition h had mad against thm with a grat and warlik army. H also ucd thir citis into slavry, and that not only by subduing thm for th prsnt, which h did by forc and violnc, but by wakning thm by subtlty and cunning, that thy might not b abl aftrwa to gt clar of th slavry thy wr undr to him; for h put out th right ys (9) of thos that ithr dliv thmslvs to him upon trms, or wr takn by him in war; and this h did, that whn thir lft ys wr cov by thir shilds, thy might b wholly uslss in war. Now whn th king of th Ammonits had srvd thos byond Joan in this mannr, h ld his army against thos that wr calld Giladits, and having pitchd his camp at th mtropolis of his nmis, which was th city of Jabsh, h snt ambassadors to thm, commanding thm ithr to dlivr thmslvs up, on condition to hav thir right ys pluckd out, or to undrgo a sig, and to hav thir citis ovrthrown. H gav thm thir choic, whthr thy would cut off a small mmbr of thir body, or univrsally prish. Howvr, th Giladits wr so affrightd at ths offrs, that thy had not courag to say any thing to ithr of thm, nithr that thy would dlivr thmslvs up, nor that thy would fight him. But thy dsi that h would giv thm svn days' rspit, that thy might snd ambassadors to thir countrymn, and ntrat thir assistanc; and if thy cam to assist thm, thy would fight; but if that assistanc wr impossibl to b obtaind from thm, thy said thy would dlivr thmslvs up to suffr whatvr h plasd to inflict upon thm. 5 Bsids th fact that this manuscript is probably th oldst manuscript that w hav and is in agrmnt with Josphus historical account (which would hav com from th Bibl), w also hav th fact that Nahash is calld th king of th Ammonits in this prologu, a fact which is missing in th MT and Grk txts, and which is abnormal. Whn a warrior king would attack Isral, thy ar not simply idntifid by thir nationality, but by thir titl (s Judgs 3:8, 12, 17 4:2 tc.). In othr wos, w would xpct Nahash to b calld king of th Ammonits rathr than simply an Ammonit. Svral scholars do not blam th missing lins on a poor manuscript, but upon th y of th scrib jumping from on paragraph with th nam Nahash in it to th nxt paragraph, and laving out th first paragraph (this is calld a parablpsis). So what w hav hr is th warrior Nahash, an Ammonit king, who has bn attacking th astrn tribs of Isral, dfating th tribs of Rubn and Gad. Apparntly, onc h has dfatd this city or that, h gougs out th right y of all th mals (prhaps vn th fmals). It says that h would not allow thm a dlivrr, indicating that Nahash struck swiftly and without mrcy, not allowing tim for Isralits to appal to thir brothrs on th wst sid of th Joan. Only 7000 mn rmaind (and possibly, 7 family-clans rmaind) and thy wr hold up in Jabsh, Gilad, a city locatd in th northrn thi of Gad, fairly clos to th Joan Rivr. Gilad is affixd to th nam as this gnral ara was originally known as Gilad prior to Isral moving in and conquring it at th nd of th xodus. Now, is thr any rason that a scrib would simply not rproduc this sction? No, not at all. What probably happnd is, w hav th problmatic manuscripts. Givn th many diffrncs that w hav com across in th book of Samul btwn th Grk and th Hbrw, mor diffrncs than could simply b calld a mattr of translation or intrprtation, at som point in tim, th Hbrw manuscript must hav bn xtrmly poor with many passags partially don du to war and tar. Apparntly, at som point in tim, thr wr only a coupl of Samul manuscripts rmaining which could b usd (which probably occur around th tim that th LXX was first translatd) and thy wr obviously quit damagd. Possibly to th Masorts, only th poorst of manuscripts rmaind for this book; and, not wanting to add any additional matrial to Scriptur, ths Masorts 5 Wb addrss: which is apparntly th work of Matt Curtin (Last modifid: Fri Apr 17 18:02:41 EDT 1998).

7 1Samul Chaptr carfully includd only th wos and vrss which thy wr abl to vrify. Apparntly, at som tim or anothr, a much bttr manuscript family xistd, but w hav no ida how widsprad this manuscript family was or just who had accss to it. Howvr, vn our vrsions of th LXX lack this first vrs, which is found only in th Dad Sa Scrolls and in th writings of Josphus. You may rcall that thr was a small portion of th nd of 1Sam. 10:27 which w wr uncrtain about; that is, it may or may not blong to th nd of 1Sam. 10 and it may or may not hav bn translatd corrctly. Givn that this is translatd on way from th Hbrw, but diffrntly in th Grk and Latin and in th Grk of th Dad Sa Scrolls; and givn that thr was a txtual problm right hr as wll (ssntially, what is found abov was lft out of th Hbrw); this givs cnc to th altrnat rndring which I hav listd blow: 1Samul 11:11b Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs [pronouncd wah] and so, and thn, thn, and wâw conscutiv hâyâh ( ) [pronouncd haw-yaw] to b, is, was, ar; to bcom, to com into bing; to com to pass 3 prson masculin singular, Qal imprfct Strong's #1961 BDB #224 What is actually found hr is: k mach rîysh (. ) [pronouncd k -mah-khuh-reesh], which is simply th - kaph prposition followd by th Hiphil participl of to b silnt. What follows is not an altrnat rading, but what actually would hav to b hr in or for this to rad: And it cam to pass aftr a month... k mô ( ) [pronouncd k moh] lik, as, whn; thus, so; whn, aftrwas, as soon as Advrb/conjunction Strong s #3644 BDB #455 chôdsh ( ) [pronouncd KHOHdsh] nw moon, month masculin singular noun Strong s #2320 BDB #294 Thr ar svral things which would hav to b changd in or for this to b th corrct rndring. Th asy on is, th rho ( ) in Hbrw is oftn confoundd to th dâlth ( ). Howvr, also, a yodh ( ) must b rmovd and a wâw must b addd ( ) in a diffrnt plac in or for this to rad And it cam to pass aftr a month... Now, th wâw could b rplacd with a vowl point, which would hav bn addd cnturis latr, maning that only th yodh would hav to disappar to mak this work. So, I am not saying that this is incorrct; I am simply showing you that this is not simply a mattr of wll, you could rad it this way, or you could rad it that way. It is not that simpl. On th othr hand, it is a rasonabl approach. Furthrmor, givn that th txt at th bginning of th nxt chaptr is problmatic, it should not surprisd us to hav a problm right hr. Now, on th othr hand, givn that th LXX txt rads this way, as do th Dad Sa Scrolls, and givn that th Hbrw txt is so clos to this altrnat rading, w may rasonably assum that this should rad And it cam to pass aftr a month... Altrnat (and possibly th bst) translation: And it cam to pass aftr a month... Th Grk and apparntly a manuscript from th Dad Sa Scrolls bgins this chaptr with about a month latr. That is rasonabl and probably blongs in th txt. On month aftr what? Most popl undrstand this to man a month aftr Samul introducs Saul to th popl of Isral as thir nxt king. All of this is in kping with th additional txt and this is how most translations rad, with or without th additional txt. In my Dad Sa Scrolls, th sns is, Nahash bgins to bsig Jabsh Gilad a month aftr his attacks on astrn Isral bgan.

8 1293 Th Book of Samul Hr s th dal: th ldrs hav gon to Samul asking for a king. Thy do not just do this out of th blu. Thy ar not bo and dcid, Hll, what w nd is a king. Thr is probably somthing occurring which causs thm to go to Samul and ask for a king, vn though this is not spcifically mntiond in 1Sam. 8; and what this probably is, is Nahash making his movs against various citis in astrn Isral. Prhaps h has only attackd on or two citis so far. Why would ths ldrs not mntion this to Samul? Thy want a prmannt king, not a tmporary dlivrr. Thy do not want somon to com along, sav thm from Nahash, and thn, fac som othr thrat in th futur, which rquirs anothr dlivrr. Thy want somon who is prmannt. Now, th military ncssity of a king is citd by ths ldrs (1Sam. 8:20), which suggsts that Nahash is just bginning to war against Rubn or Gad. If this is th cas, thn it indicats that Nahash is moving quit quickly ovr astrn Isral. Prhaps just on or two major attacks on a coupl of ky citis, which rsult in th ys bing gougd out of all th mals, rsultd in a scattring of thos in astrn Isral. Thos who rmaind wr in dsprat far. Manwhil, on th othr sid of th Joan, rports of ths attacks ar just now raching wstrn Isral, and thrfor, this group of ldrs go to Samul to ask for a king. This is furthr vidncs by 1Sam. 12:12, which rads: [Samul is spaking to th popl of Isral] Whn you saw that Nahash, th king of th sons of Ammon, cam against you, you said to m, Now, but a king will rign ovr us. although Jhovah your God was your king. This confirms that Nahash advancing against Rubn and Gad was th motivation for asking for a king. Thrfor, th timing is all prtty clos togthr. A Chronology of Evnts 1. Nahash first attacks Isral in th ast; 2. Th ldrs coms to Samul asking for a king; 3. Samul privatly inducts Saul as king of Isral; 4. Samul prsnts Saul publically as king; 5. A month passs, and Saul is calld upon to lad Isral into battl against Nahash. Thr ar no grat spiritual lssons hr that I can think of; I am simply giving you a tim lin to us whn rcalling ths vnts. In a short whil, I will giv you mor dtail about ths vnts. Rturn to Chaptr Outlin Rturn to Charts, Maps and Short Doctrins If by any chanc you want to s an vn mor dtaild xamination of just xactly aftr what vnt is on month latr, s Robrt Goon, I & II Samul A Commntary; Zondrvan Publishing Hous, Grand Rapids, MI; 1986; pp Samul 11:1c Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs [pronouncd wah] and so, and thn, thn, and; so, that, yt, thrfor wâw conscutiv âlâh ( ) [pronouncd aw- LAWH] to go up, to ascnd, to com up, to ris, to climb 3 prson masculin singular, Qal imprfct Strong's #5927 BDB #748 Nâchâsh ( ) [pronouncd naw- KHAWSH] srpnt and is translitratd Nahash masculin propr noun Strong s #5176 BDB #638

9 1Samul Chaptr Samul 11:1c Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs Ammôwnîy (. - ) [pronouncd ahm-moh- NEE] translitratd Ammonit gntilic adjctiv with th dfinit articl Strong s #5984 BDB #770 Translation:...Nahash th Ammonit wnt up... Nahash had batn down almost all of Rubn and Gad; now, h was going to go aftr thir last holdouts, who wr in Jabsh. Th nam Nahash is nâchâsh ( ) [pronouncd naw-khawsh] in th Hbrw, and it mans snak, srpnt. This is obviously an onomatopoic wo. Accoing to Gnana Robinson, Nahash mans srpnt in th Sanscrit 6 as wll. It is not clar whthr this is a nam appropriatly givn him by th Isralits, or whthr h assum this nam as on which would strik historic far in th harts of th Isralits. Prhaps his parnts dcidd to nam thir kid snak (no tlling what his nam mans in th Ammonit languag; howvr, givn that th Jws and th Ammonits ar first cousins, thir languags ar probably vry narly quivalnt. W will har mor about Nahash in th futur; furthrmor, w will s a good rlationship btwn himslf (or a dscndant of his) and King David in th futur as wll (s 2Sam. 10:2 17: Chron. 2: :1). You may wondr just how this is vn possibl; th US and Japan wr bittr nmis in 1944; but 1960, our rlations had warmd considrably. Thr is no rason to think that things btwn Ammon and Isral could not b rpai aftr 40 or 50 yars. 1Samul 11:1d Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs [pronouncd wah] and so, and thn, thn, and; so, that, yt, thrfor wâw conscutiv chânah ( ) [pronouncd khaw-naw] to bivouac, to camp, to ncamp in [or, against], to st up camp 3 prson masculin singular, Qal imprfct Strong's #2583 BDB #333 al ( ) [pronouncd ahl ] upon, byond, on, against, abov, ovr, by, bsid prposition of proximity Strong s #5921 BDB #752 Yâbêsh ( ) B [pronouncd yaw - VEYSH] to b dry, drid up, with; translitratd Jabsh cognat of vrb (Strong s #3001); acts as a propr noun Strong s #3003 BDB #386 Gal êd ( ) [pronouncd gahl - - AYD] witnss-pil, hill of witnss; and is translitratd Gilad propr noun; location Strong s #1567 BDB #165 Although som xgts trat this as on noun, Jabsh-gilad; I think th ida is that this is th city Jabsh in Gildan (sort of lik Boston, Massachustts). 6 Gnana Robinson, 1 & 2 Samul; Lt Us B Lik th Nations; Intrnational Thological Commntary; Emans s Publishing Co., Grand rapids, 1993; pp I must admit hr that I did not originally look up Nahash s nam in th Hbrw. It was G. Robinson who pointd out its maning (I don t rcall sing this in any of my othr commntaris).

10 1295 Th Book of Samul Translation:...and ncampd against Jabsh-gilad. Jabsh bsigs Jabsh-gilad, which is just on th othr sid of th Joan midway btwn th Yarmuk and Jabbok Rivrs. You may rcall Jabsh-gilad from th book of Judgs whn most of th Bnjamits wr killd by thir fllow Isralits. Onc thy wr down to 600 mal Bnjamits, th Isralits suddnly ralizd that thy wr about to dstroy on of th twlv tribs of Jacob. Thr was anothr problm: th only city that did not participat in this clansing ffort was Jabsh-gilad. What th Isralits dcidd to do was to wip out th mal population of Jabsh-gilad and to kp aliv 400 virgins to marry thos who rmaind of th Bnjamits. S Judgs for th ntir story. altogthr, this givs us: [Historical not: Nahash, th king of th Ammonits, had bn grivously opprssing th Gadits and th Rubnits. H would goug out th right y of ach of thm and would not grant Isral a dlivrr. No on was lft of th Isralits across th Joan whos right y Nahash, king of th Ammonits, had not gougd out. But thr wr svn thousand mn who had scapd from th Ammonits and had nt Jabsh-gilad.] About a month latr, Nahash th Ammonit wnt up and ncampd against Jabsh-gilad;... Assuming th historical information found in th NRSV is corrct, Nahash, a powrful ladr of th Ammonits, was viciously attacking all of ast Isral. In his wak, h lft bhind mn whos right ys had bn gougd out. Josphus givs us a broadr pictur that apparntly som had thir hands or ft cut off. Ammon, as you hav obsrvd in th map prsntd arlir, is ast of astrn Isral. Th two illgitimat sons of Lot by his two daughtrs wr Moab and Ammon, both of whom wr givn land ast of th Joan (Gn. 19:38 Dut. 2:19, 37 Joshua 12:2). Isral had troubl with both of ths countris throughout history. Moab and Ammon ar both mntiond in th book of th Judgs (Judgs 3: :6 11:33). As is tru today, Isral was surroundd by nmis, whos hat rivald th hat of hr nmis today. You must raliz that th Jws ar chosn of God, and thrfor, w would xpct vicious attacks upon Isral throughout all of history. Thr is mor hr than mr animosity btwn sts of popls thrfor, th rsultant viciousnss and vil should not b unxpctd. 1Samul 11:1 Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs [pronouncd wah] and so, and thn, thn, and; so, that, yt, thrfor wâw conscutiv âmar ( ) [pronouncd aw-mahr] to say, to spak, to uttr; to say [to onslf], to think 3 prson masculin plural, Qal imprfct Strong s #559 BDB #55 kôl ( ) [pronouncd kohl] with a plural noun, it is rnd all of, all; any of masculin singular construct with a plural noun Strong s #3605 BDB #481 nâsîym (. ) [pronouncd uh-nawsm]; also splld îyshîym (. ) [pronouncd -SHEEM] mn; inhabitants, citizns; companions; soldirs, followrs masculin plural noun Strong's #376 BDB #35 Yâbêsh ( ) B [pronouncd yaw - VEYSH] to b dry, drid up, with; translitratd Jabsh cognat of vrb (Strong s #3001); acts as a propr noun Strong s #3003 BDB #386 l ( ) [pronouncd l] unto, in, into, towa, to, rgaing, against dirctional prposition (rspct or dfrnc may b implid) Strong's #413 BDB #39

11 1Samul Chaptr Samul 11:1 Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs Nâchâsh ( ) [pronouncd naw- KHAWSH] srpnt and is translitratd Nahash masculin propr noun Strong s #5176 BDB #638 kârath ( ) [pronouncd kaw- RAHTH] to cut off, to cut down; to kill, to dstroy; to mak a covnant nd 2 prson masculin singular, Qal imprativ Strong's #3772 BDB #503 lâmd ( ) (pronouncd l ) to, for, towas, in rgas to, with rfrnc to, as to, with rgas to, blonging to dirctional/rlational prposition; with th 1 st prson plural suffix BDB #510 b rîyth (. ) [pronouncd b rth] pact, allianc, traty, allianc, covnant fminin singular noun Strong s #1285 BDB #136 Translation: Thn all th mn of Jabsh said to Nahash, Mak a traty with us... Th rmaining mn in Jabsh knw that thy did not stand a chanc. Thy askd for mrcy from Nahash; thy askd for a traty (which was oftn grantd in xchang for a tribut bing paid at rgular intrvals to th country which has conqu thm. Aftr all, gtting a rgular incom from a particular city or country was much mor financially rwaing than simply wiping thm off th fac of th arth. 1Samul 11:1f Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs w (or v ) ( ) [pronouncd wh] and, vn, thn; namly; whn; sinc, that, so that; though simpl wâw conjunction BDB #251 âbad ( ) b [pronouncd aw - VAHD] to work, to srv, to labor; to b a slav to st 1 prson plural, Qal imprfct with th 2 nd prson masculin singular suffix Strong's #5647 BDB #712 Translation:...and w will srv you. Offring to srv Jabsh is quivalnt to unconditional surrndr. This givs us: So all th mn of Jabsh said unto Nahash, Mak a traty with us and w will srv you. Th ida hr was that ths mn wr willing to giv up anything to Nahash in or to rtain thir appndags and thir ysight. Th fact that thy could strik a traty with Nahash indpndnt of th rst of Isral givs us a good ida as to th organization of th Israli stats thy wr vry indpndnt and not rqui to sk th approval of th othr trritoris in or to strik a traty. Thy wr allid nough to go to th othr tribs for hlp, but thy wr not rqui to go to thm to ratify a traty. Now that w hav a full undrstanding of th translation from th Hbrw, as wll as th historical background found in th Dad Sa Scrolls, it is asy to undrstand how on can hav...

12 1297 Th Book of Samul A Mistakn Imprssion of th Facts Th Dad Sa Scrolls Vrsion Nahash, th king of th Ammonits, had bn grivously opprssing th Gadits and th Rubnits. H would goug out th right y of ach of thm and would not grant Isral a dlivrr. No on was lft of th Isralits across th Joan whos right y Nahash, king of th Ammonits, had not gougd out. But thr wr svn thousand mn who had scapd from th Ammonits and had nt Jabsh-gilad. About a month latr, Nahash th Ammonit wnt up and ncampd against Jabshgilad. Thn all th mn of Jabsh said to Nahash, Mak a traty with us and w will srv you. Notic how this givs us a mor complt undrstanding of th situation. Nahash th Ammonit had bn attacking th Gadits and th Rubnits and that h had gougd out th ys of vry mal sav 7000 who had scapd to th city of Jabshgilad. From th Massortic Txt About a month latr, Nahash th Ammonit wnt up and ncampd against Jabsh-gilad. Thn all th mn of Jabsh said to Nahash, Mak a traty with us and w will srv you. From th Massortic txt, w hav no clu that Nahash had attackd anyon prior to this. That h had a clarly stablishd, vicious rputation is not mad known to us. It appars from th abbrviatd txt that th mn of Jabsh-gilad ar nativ to Jabsh-gilad. This would caus us to assum that Jabsh-gilad had bn rpopulatd sinc 7 Judgs 21. All of th imprssions that w would gt ar incorrct; yt, this vrs dos not contradict what w find in th Dad Sa Scrolls. What is important to gt from this is that not vry vrs of th Bibl ncssarily contains th whol story to what is occurring. W may gt an incorrct imprssion in our minds concrning som historical vnt or som doctrin from a singl vrs or passag, and thn w find that it is contradictd by anothr passag or by archological discovris. What w nd to do is to go back to th original passag and s whthr or not it allows for a diffrnt intrprtation. Rturn to Chaptr Outlin Rturn to th Chart and Map Indx Now that w know a littl mor, lt s xamin this squnc of vns mor carfully. In 1Sam. 12:12, w rad: Whn you saw that Nahash th king of th sons of Ammon cam against you, you said to m, No, but a king will rign ovr us, although Jhovah God was your King. This was Samul spaking at th convocation of Saul. That mans that not only ar th squnc of vnts clos togthr, but thy ovrlappd. Nahash s attack upon astrn Isral was probably th primary caus of th dmand for a king. This would mak complt sns, as, gnrally spaking, popl ar not going to dmand chang if thr is no rason to dmand chang. Howvr, if thr is a imminnt military thrat and no savior on th horizon, thn Isral s faith in God would wain and thy would sk a human-viwpoint solution. Th Squnc of Evnts 1. First, Nahash th Ammonit attacks Rubn and Gad. 1Sam. 11:prologu 12:12 2. A dlgation of ldrs spak to Samul at Ramah saying that Isral nds a king. 1Sam. 8:1 9 12:12 3. Samul gos to God about this situation and God tlls Samul that this is a rjction of Him and not of Samul. God tlls Samul that to accd to th wishs of th popl. 1Sam. 8: God lads Saul to th hom of Samul. Samul is xpcting him. Th day that Saul arrivs, h is th hono gust and Samul has svral hours bfor mad prparations for Saul s arrival, vn though 7 S, for instanc, Barns Nots; 1Samul to Esthr; F. C. Cook, ditor; rprintd 1996 by Bakr Books; p. 27, margin rfrnc.

13 1Samul Chaptr Th Squnc of Evnts Saul and Samul had nvr mt bfor. 1Sam Saul is anointd king by Samul th nxt morning in a privat crmony bfor God. Samul also prophsis what will happn in Samul s lif ovr th nxt fw yars, with vnts which com to pass that vry day. 1Sam. 10: Saul is publically chosn by God as king at Mizpah. W may assum that all th whil, Nahash is conquring mor and mor of astrn Isral. Aftr th slction crmony, Saul simply gos hom to continu farming his family s land. 1Sam. 10: :5 7. About a month aftr th public slction crmony of Saul, th surviving mn of Gad and Rubn scap to Jabsh-gilad. This is whr w pick up our story. 1Sam. 11:prologu I hop you notic how th missing portion of 1Sam. 11 hlps 1Sam. 12:12 to mak prfct sns; that is, Samul indicats that th tim that this dlgation cam to him asking for a king, Nahash was attacking astrn Isral. This maks th motivation of th dlgation of ldrs rasonabl and th fact that Nahash was first making war against astrn Isral fits mor logically into th tim fram as wll. Rturn to Chaptr Outlin And so said unto thm, Nahash th Ammonit, In this I will cut [a covnant] to you: in a boring out to you vry y of [th] right [sid] and I will put hr [i.., disgrac] upon all Isral. 1Samul 11:2 Rturn to th Chart and Map Indx Thn Nahash th Ammonit said unto thm, On this condition will I mak [a traty] with you: whn I goug out all of your right ys and [thus] put sham upon all Isral. Thn Nahash th Ammonit rspondd to th, I will mak a traty with you on on condition: that I first goug out th right y of vry on of you and thus disgrac all Isral. First, what othrs hav don: Ancint txts: Masortic Txt Sptuagint Significant diffrncs: And so said unto thm, Nahash th Ammonit, In this I will cut [a covnant] to you: in a boring out to you vry y of [th] right [sid] and I will put hr [i.., disgrac] upon all Isral. And Naas th Ammanit said to thm, On ths trms I will mak a covnant with you: I will dig out all your right ys, and I will lay a rproach upon Isral. No significant diffrncs. Thought-for-thought translations; paraphrass: CEV NAB NLT Nahash answ, Sur, I ll sign a traty! But not bfor I insult Isral by poking out th right y of vry man who livs in Jabsh. But Nahash th Ammonit rplid, This is my condition for a traty with you: I must goug out vry man s right y, that I may thus bring ignominy on all Isral. All right, Nahash said, but only on on condition: I will goug out th right y of vry on of you as a disgrac to all Isral! Mostly litral rndrings (with som occasional paraphrasing):

14 1299 Th Book of Samul God s Wo JPS (Tanakh) Nahash th Ammonit rspondd, I ll mak a traty with you on this on condition: I ll pok out vryon s right y and bring disgrac on all Isral. But Nahash th Ammonit answ thm, I will mak a pact with you on this condition, that vryon s right y b gougd out; I will mak this a humiliation for all Isral. Litral, almost wo-for-wo, rndrings: NASB Young's Updatd LT But Nahash th Ammonit said to thm, I will mak it with you on this condition, that I will goug out th right y of vry on of you, thus I will mak it a rproach on all Isral. And Nahash th Ammonit says to thm, For this I covnant with you, by picking out to you vry right y and I hav put it a rproach on all Isral. What is th gist of this vrs? Nahash agrs to a traty, with th stipulation that h will goug out th right y of ach Isralits as a sham to all Isral. 1Samul 11:2a Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs [pronouncd wah] and so, and thn, thn, and; so, that, yt, thrfor wâw conscutiv âmar ( ) [pronouncd aw-mahr] to say, to spak, to uttr; to say [to onslf], to think 3 prson masculin singular, Qal imprfct Strong s #559 BDB #55 l ( ) [pronouncd l] unto, in, into, towa, to, rgaing, against dirctional prposition (rspct or dfrnc may b implid) with th 3 prson masculin plural suffix Strong's #413 BDB #39 Nâchâsh ( ) [pronouncd naw- KHAWSH] srpnt and is translitratd Nahash masculin propr noun Strong s #5176 BDB #638 Ammôwnîy (. - ) [pronouncd ahm-moh- NEE] translitratd Ammonit gntilic adjctiv with th dfinit articl Strong s #5984 BDB #770 h b ( ) [pronouncd b ] in, into, through; at, by, nar, on, upon; with, bfor, against; by mans of; among; within a prposition of proximity Strong s #non BDB #88 zh ( ) [pronouncd zh] hr, this, thus dmonstrativ adjctiv Strong s #2063, 2088, 2090 BDB #260 Togthr, b zh man in this [plac], hr, with this, on ths conditions, hrwith, thus providd, by this, through this, for this caus, in this mannr, on this on. kârath ( ) [pronouncd kaw- RAHTH] to cut off, to cut down; to kill, to dstroy; to mak a covnant st 1 prson singular, Qal imprfct Strong's #3772 BDB #503

15 1Samul Chaptr Samul 11:2a Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs lâmd ( ) (pronouncd l ) to, for, towas, in rgas to, with rfrnc to, as to, with rgas to, blonging to dirctional/rlational prposition; with th 2 nd prson masculin plural suffix BDB #510 Translation: Thn Nahash th Ammonit said unto thm, On this condition will I mak [a traty] with you:... Whn th lâmd prposition is usd in this sort of construction, th vrbal xchang is lss formal, as in among frinds or from somon high on th social laddr to somon low on th social laddr. W would xpct to find that hr. Howvr, w find, instad, l ( ) [pronouncd l ], which is a mor formal addrss and I oftn dsignat that formality by rndring this unto. Quit proprly, this rads: Thn Nahash th Ammonit said unto thm,... Hr, I bliv th formality is a mocking formality. That is, it sounds as though Nahash is considring thir offr vry carfully, in all sriousnss and with all du rspct. What appars to b th cas is that ths 7000 mn raliz what th ultra-vicious Nahash plans to do with thm. Thy mt and discuss th situation and 8 hav dtrmind that all thy hav to giv him is thir blind loyalty. So Nahash rsponds: On this [condition] I will mak [a covnant] with rspct to you:... I placd covnant in brackts bcaus this wo is not found in th Hbrw. Howvr, w find th actual wo covnant in th Sptuagint, th Syriac and th Vulgat codics. Furthrmor, it is implid bcaus it is found in th Hbrw in th prvious vrs. Now, all of this sounds as though Nahash has givn srious thought to this proposal and that h has com up with a solution. 1Samul 11:2b Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs h b ( ) [pronouncd b ] in, into, through; at, by, nar, on, upon; with, bfor, against; by mans of; among; within a prposition of proximity Strong s #non BDB #88 Th infinitiv construct, whn combind with th bêyth prposition, can oftn tak on a tmporal maning and may b rnd whn [such and such happns]. It can srv as a tmporal markr that dnots an vnt which occurs simultanously with th action of th main vrb. nâqar ( ) [pronouncd - naw-kahr] to bor, to pick, to dig, to bor out, to hollow out, to goug out Qal infinitiv construct Strong s #5365 BDB #669 lâmd ( ) (pronouncd l ) to, for, towas, in rgas to, with rfrnc to, as to, with rgas to, blonging to dirctional/rlational prposition; with th 2 nd prson masculin plural suffix BDB #510 kôl ( ) [pronouncd kohl] vry, ach, all of, all; any of, any masculin singular construct not followd by a dfinit articl Strong s #3605 BDB #481 8 Forgiv th pun.

16 1301 Th Book of Samul 1Samul 11:2b Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs ayin ( ) [pronouncd AH-yin] spring, fountain; y, spiritual ys fminin singular construct Strong s #5869 (and #5871) BDB #744 yâmîyn ( ) [pronouncd yaw-meen] th right hand, th right sid, on th right, at th right; th south fminin singular noun Strong s #3225 BDB #411 Translation:...whn I goug out all of your right ys... This is Nahash s proposd solution. Th vrb is th Qal infinitiv construct of nâqar ( ) [pronouncd naw-kahr], which mans to bor, to pick, to dig, to bor out, to - hollow out, to goug out. And Nahash proposs that h goug out vry man s right y. Proprly, this rads:...in a boring out with rspct to you vry y of th right sid. Lss litrally,...whn [or, aftr] I bor out ach of your right ys. At first, I didn t rally grasp what was going on hr. To avoid having thir ys gougd out, th 7000 mn off thmslvs as slavs to Nahash. Nahash said fin, that h would agr to thir traty trms, just as long as h gougd out thir ys. This is a man whos crulty is lgnd, whos crul and vicious sd still livs today in th middl ast. I will agr to th trms of your traty, h says, just so long as I first goug out your right ys. Thr is no mrcy; thr is no human compassion. H is willing to accpt thm as slavs as long as h also gts to goug out thir right ys. Now, thr is a rason that Nahash dsirs to goug out th right ys of th mn of Isral. This maks thm uslss as archrs, and, in battl, th Isralits would hav no dpth prcption, making thm asy pry as wll. Onc h dfats a popl, h has no intrst in fighting thm a scond tim. Rmoving thir right ys guarants no insurrctions. Kil and Dlitzsch suggst that part of Nahash s purpos 9 hr is to avng th sham of dfat which Jphthah had inflictd upon th Ammonits. This may or may not b tru; howvr, thr was bad blood btwn Isral and all of hr nighbors as w would xpct, Isral bing God s chosn popl. 1Samul 11:2c Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs w (or v ) ( ) [pronouncd wh] and, vn, thn; namly; whn; sinc, that, so that; though simpl wâw conjunction BDB #251 sîym ( ) [pronouncd sm]; also splld sûwm ( ) [pronouncd soom] to put, to plac, to st; to mak; to appoint st 1 prson singular, Qal prfct; with th 3 prson fminin singular suffix Strong's #7760 BDB #962 chr pâh ( ) [pronouncd khr-paw] a rproach, a taunt, scorn, sham, disgrac fminin singular noun Strong s #2781 BDB #357 al ( ) [pronouncd ahl ] upon, byond, on, against, abov, ovr, by, bsid prposition of proximity Strong s #5921 BDB #752 kôl ( ) [pronouncd kohl] vry, ach, all of, all; any of, any masculin singular construct not followd by a dfinit articl Strong s #3605 BDB #481 9 Kil & Dlitzsch s Commntary on th Old Tstamnt; 1966 Hndrickson Publishrs, Inc.; Vol. 2, p. 438.

17 1Samul Chaptr Samul 11:2c Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs Yis râ êl ( ) [pronouncd yis-raw- ALE] translitratd Isral masculin propr noun Strong s #3478 BDB #975 Translation:...and [thus] put sham upon all Isral. Or,...and I will plac sham upon all Isral. Nahash wants mor than a simpl victory; Nahash wants Isral to b shamd. H is turning on ntir portion of Isral into damagd slavs. Rturn to Chaptr Outlin Rturn to th Chart and Map Indx Th Mn of Jabsh-gilad Snd for Hlp And so say ldrs of Jabsh unto him, Forsak to us svn of days and lt us snd mssngrs into all trritory of Isral and if no on is dlivring us and w will com out unto you. 1Samul 11:3 Thn th ldrs of Jabsh rplid to him, Lav us alon for svn days and lt us snd mssngrs throughout th trritory of Isral, and if [thr is] no on to dlivr us, w will com out to you. Th ladrs of Jabsh rplid to him, Giv us svn days to snd mssngrs throughout all of Isral. If w cannot find anyon who will dlivr us, thn w will surrndr ourslvs to you. Lt s s what othrs hav don first: Ancint txts: Masortic Txt Sptuagint Significant diffrncs: And so say ldrs of Jabsh unto him, Forsak to us svn of days and lt us snd mssngrs into all trritory of Isral and if no on is dlivring us and w will com out unto you. And th mn of Jabis say to him, Allow us svn days, and w will snd mssngrs into all th coasts of Isral. If thr should b no on to dlivr us, w will com out to you. No significant diffrncs. Thought-for-thought translations; paraphrass: NLT REB TEV Giv us svn days to snd mssngrs throughout Isral! rplid to ladrs of Jabsh. If non of our rlativ will com to sav us, w will agr to your trms. Th ldrs of Jabsh-gilad said, Giv us svn days rspit to snd mssngrs throughout Isral and thn, if no on rlivs us, w shall surrndr to you. Th ladrs of Jabsh said, Giv us svn days to snd mssngrs throughout th land of Isral. If no on will hlp us, thn w will surrndr to you. Mostly litral rndrings (with som occasional paraphrasing): JPS (Tanakh) Th ldrs of Jabsh said to him, Giv us svn days rspit, so that w may snd mssngrs throughout th trritory of Isral; if no on coms to our aid, w will surrndr to you.

18 1303 Th Book of Samul Litral, almost wo-for-wo, rndrings: Th Amplifid Bibl NASB Young's Updatd LT Th ldrs of Jabsh said to Nahash, Giv us svn days tim, that w may snd mssngrs through all th trritory of Isral. Thn, if thr is no man to sav us, w will com out to you. And th ldrs of Jabsh said to him, Lt us alon for svn days, that w may snd mssngrs throughout th trritory of Isral. Thn, if thr is no on to dlivr us, w will com out to you. And th ldrs of Jabsh say to him, Lt us alon svn days, and w snd mssngrs into all th bor of Isral; and if thr is on saving us thn w hav com out unto you. What is th gist of this vrs? Th mn of Jabsh ask to b allowd svn days to find somon from Isral to dlivr thm. Thy promis to com out to th Ammonits if no on from Isral will dlivr thm. 1Samul 11:3a Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs [pronouncd wah] and so, and thn, thn, and; so, that, yt, thrfor wâw conscutiv âmar ( ) [pronouncd aw-mahr] to say, to spak, to uttr; to say [to onslf], to think 3 prson masculin plural, Qal imprfct Strong s #559 BDB #55 l ( ) [pronouncd l] unto, in, into, towa, to, rgaing, against dirctional prposition (rspct or dfrnc may b implid) with th 3 prson masculin singular suffix Strong's #413 BDB #39 zâkên ( ) [pronouncd zaw-kane] old, ldrly, agd masculin plural construct Strong s #2205 BDB #278 Yâbêsh ( ) B [pronouncd yaw - VEYSH] to b dry, drid up, with; translitratd Jabsh cognat of vrb (Strong s #3001); acts as a propr noun Strong s #3003 BDB #386 râphâh ( ) [pronouncd raw-faw] los intrst [in a prson or projct] and abandon [that prson or projct], forsak [somthing]; lt down, stop, dsist, lav off; b still, b quit nd 2 prson masculin singular, Hiphil imprativ, apocopatd form Strong s #7503 BDB #951 lâmd ( ) (pronouncd l ) to, for, towas, in rgas to, with rfrnc to, as to, with rgas to, blonging to dirctional/rlational prposition; with th 1 st prson plural suffix BDB #510 shib âh ( ) b [pronouncd shi v - AW] svn numral fminin construct Strong's #7651 BDB #987 Although Own lists this as BDB #988, min bgins on p. 987.

19 1Samul Chaptr Samul 11:3a Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs yâmîym (. ) [pronouncd yaw- MEEM] days, a st of days; tim of lif, liftim; a spcific tim priod, a yar masculin plural noun Strong s #3117 BDB #398 Translation: Thn th ldrs of Jabsh rplid to him, Lav us alon for svn days... Crtainly all of Jabsh did not show up to counsl with Nahash. Instad, th ladrs of th city mt with him. Ths would b th mn of v. 1. Thr appar to b at last two forms of govrnmnt in Isral at this tim, both of which wr oftn simultanous and complmntary, and which organically sprung up. Thr wr judgs, of cours, as w find in th book of Judgs (as wll as in th bginning of 1Samul). And thr wr ldrs thos mn who had livd long in th land and had th rspct of th popl. W find groups of ldrs mntiond as thos in authority throughout Scriptur (.g., Judgs 8:14, 16). This was not ancstor worship, but ancstor rspct. Th rqust of th ldrs is: Lav [us] alon for svn days... This is somthing that w would not hav xpctd. Ths ldrs hav askd Nahash to giv thm svn days to go to plan B. Thy hav askd for a chanc to find somon to dlivr thm. 1Samul 11:3b Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs w (or v ) ( ) [pronouncd wh] and, vn, thn; namly; whn; sinc, that, so that; though simpl wâw conjunction BDB #251 shâlach ( ) [pronouncd shaw- LAKH] to snd, to snd for [forth, away], to dismiss, to dploy, to put forth, to strtch out st 1 prson plural, Qal imprfct; with th voluntativ hê Strong s #7971 BDB #1018 Th hê at th nd, it is calld a voluntativ hê and th vrb itslf is known as a cohortativ and is oftn translatd with th additional wo lt, may, might, ought, should. mal âk ( ) [pronouncd mahl - AWK ] mssngr or angl; this wo has bn usd for a propht (Isa. 42:19) and prist (Mal. 2:7) masculin plural noun Strong s #4397 BDB #521 h b ( ) [pronouncd b ] in, into, through; at, by, nar, on, upon; with, bfor, against; by mans of; among; within a prposition of proximity Strong s #non BDB #88 kôl ( ) [pronouncd kohl] vry, ach, all of, all; any of, any masculin singular construct not followd by a dfinit articl Strong s #3605 BDB #481 g bûl ( ) b [pronouncd g -VOOL] bor, boundary, trritory masculin singular construct Strong s #1366 BDB #147 Yis râ êl ( ) [pronouncd yis-raw- ALE] translitratd Isral masculin propr noun Strong s #3478 BDB #975

20 1305 Th Book of Samul Translation:...and lt us snd mssngrs throughout th trritory of Isral,... What th ldrs ask is surprising. Thy want to gt togthr som mssngrs and snd thm throughout Isral. Thy ar going to appal to th go of Nahash th Ammonit. This man is going to b intrstd in vntually conquring all of Isral; so this will actually intrst him. 1Samul 11:3c Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs w (or v ) ( ) [pronouncd wh] and, vn, thn; namly; whn; sinc, that, so that; though simpl wâw conjunction BDB #251 îm ( ) [pronouncd m] if, though; lo, bhold; oh that, if only; whn, sinc, though primarily an hypothtical particl Strong's #518 BDB #49 êyin ( ) [pronouncd AYH-yin] in th condition of bing not = without, nothing, no, not; thr is no [non, no on, not] ngativ construct Strong s #369 BDB #34 yâsha ( ) [pronouncd yaw- SHAH ] dlivrr, savior; and lss litrally, mr, rscur, lifsavr, librator Hiphil participl Strong s #3467 BDB #446 êth ( ) [pronouncd ayth] untranslatd mark of a dirct objct; occasionally to, towa st affixd to th 1 prson plural suffix Strong's #853 BDB #84 Translation:...and if [thr is] no on to dlivr us,... Th mn of Jabsh will gathr som mn togthr and snd thm out throughout Isral, probably in twos and thrs, svral groups of thm, going all ovr Isral, in an attmpt to find any man who will lad thm and th rst of Isral against Nahash. This also will allow ths mn to scap this branding which Nahash has plannd. 1Samul 11:3d Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs w (or v ) ( ) [pronouncd wh] and, vn, thn; namly; whn; sinc, that, so that; though simpl wâw conjunction BDB #251 yâtsâ ( ) [pronouncd yaw- TZAWH] to go out, to com out, to com [go] forth; to ris; to flow, to gush up [out]; [of mony:] to b xpndd, laid out, spnt; promulgatd; outgoing [nd of a tim priod] st 1 prson singular, Qal prfct Strong's #3318 BDB #422 l ( ) [pronouncd l] unto, in, into, towa, to, rgaing, against dirctional prposition (rspct or dfrnc may b implid) with th nd 2 prson masculin singular suffix Strong's #413 BDB #39 Translation:...w will com out to you. Th litral rndring is:...and if [thr is] non dlivring us and w will com out unto you.

21 1Samul Chaptr Th mixtur of outright brutality and honor is striking. Thy appal to this vicious warlo, who has promisd to goug out thir ys, to snd mssngrs throughout Isral in or to dtrmin whthr thy can dfnd against him. What you should ask yourslf is, what can Nahash gain from this? That is, why would such a bloodthirsty man agr to such a thing? Thr ar som xgts who doubt th authnticity of this rport,.g. Gnana Robinson, who writs: Th historicity of this vnt is doubtful. It is strang that any Isralit would mak such a rqust to Nahash whn h was not prpa vn to accpt thir surrndr offr. 10 Why Dos Nahash Agr to th Proposal of th 7000 Jws? 1. First you must rcogniz that a man in his position is going to fl omnipotnt. H will b an gomaniac. As far as h is concrnd, thr is no on who can dfat him and his army. His vicious slaughtring is known throughout th mid-astrn world. Thos who oppos him, at bst, surviv minus thir right y and/or minus an appndag. That is th bst on can hop for who dos battl with him. So Nahash is xpcting no on to com to th rscu of ths 7000 mn. 2. If anything, many of th mn of Isral will fl furthr out in or to scap his crtain futur attacks. Thrfor, thr is a rasonabl chanc that it will mak Nahash s attack on th rst of Isral vn asir. What h plans to do and what h has don in all of astrn Isral is going to b sprad across th land. Th natural rsult is, th rst of Isral is going to bcom vry farful, making thm asir pry. 3. Svn days is a vry short amount of tim to go throughout Isral and bg for th othr Isralits to dlivr thm. Isral has a history of bing 12 loosly groupd tribs whos cooprativ action is rar (w hav xcptions arly on in Isral s history in Judgs 1:3 20:1). So, vn if som of thir Israli brothrs appar, it is unlikly that thy could rais a full army in svn days tim. Nahash dosn t vn xpct that ths mssngrs can go throughout Isral in that short amount of tim. What h rasonably xpcts is that a small, disjointd and disorganizd army might b raisd in that short amount of tim. His dfating thm and rmoving thir right ys would snd a mssag throughout all Isral, whr thos who rmain wr not brav nough to show up for th first call to battl. 4. Nahash is unbarably crul. Th only thing bttr to him than boring out th y of his nmis is for thm to shuddr ovr this vntuality for a wk first. Whn a man rachs this lvl of crulty, th only thing h liks bttr is to b njoy gratr acts of crulty. Thr ar killrs in our cultur who njoy not just th killing but th bgging for on s lif prior to th killing. 5. Nahash allows ths mssngrs to go throughout Isral and, if no on shows up to dlivr ths mn, thn thy will surrndr willingly to him and thr will b no loss of lif in his army. Ths 7000 mn would likly all di if thy rsistd Nahash; howvr, many of his mn would di as wll. 6. Kil and Dlitzsch suggst two othr possibl rasons: first, that Nahash was not actually rady tak this city all at onc by storm. I don t bliv this to b th cas, but it is a rasonabl possibility. 7. Scondly, Nahash did not xpct th rst of Isral to support th mn in Jabsh-gilad bcaus Isral was without a cntral govrnmnt. Thy had no king. Th anointing of Saul may or may not hav bn known to Nahash (Kil and Dlitzsch bliv that h was unawar); howvr, whthr h knw of Saul s anointing or not is moot. Saul was not ruling th country at this tim and thr was no cntral govrnmnt and no standing army. Thrfor, th chancs of Isral rsponding as a nation, as far as Nahash assssd, wr nil. Rturn to Chaptr Outlin Rturn to th Chart and Map Indx Edrshim, vr th wosmith, dscribs th vnts of ths thr vrss: Nahash had pntratd much farthr into Isralitish trritory than his pcssor. His ho had swarmd up th lovly rich vally of th Jabsh, laying bar its barly-filds and oliv plantations, and wasting its villags; and thy wr now bsiging th capital of Gilad Jabsh-gilad which occupid a commanding position on th top of an isolatd hill ovrhanging th southrn crst of th vally. In thir dspair, th popl of Jabsh off to surrndr, but Nahash, in his insolnc, insistd that h would thrust out thir right ys, avowdly to lay it as a sham upon all Isral. Trribl as ths conditions wr, th ldrs of 10 Gnana Robinson, 1 & 2 Samul; Lt Us B Lik th Nations; Intrnational Thological Commntary; Eman s Publishing Co., Grand rapids, 1993; p. 65.

22 1307 Th Book of Samul Jabsh saw no mans of rsisting, and only bggd svn days rspit, to s whthr any wr lft in Isral abl and willing to sav thm. In th foolhainss of his swaggr, Nahash consntd, will assu that if Isral wr, as h fully blivd, incapabl of a combind movmnt for th rlif of Jabsh, th whol land would hncforth b at his mrcy, and btwn Philistia in th wst and Ammon in th ast, Isral thir land and thir God would li hlplss bfor th hathn powrs. 11 So, hr is Isral, for th umptnth tim hlplss mn in a hoplss situation. And so com in th mssngrs [to] Gibah of Saul and so thy spak th wos in ars of th popl. And so lift up all of th popl thir voic and so thy wp. 1Samul 11:4 So th mssngrs cam into Gibah of Saul and thy rportd this mattr in th haring of th popl. Thn all of th popl liftd up thir voics and wpt aloud. On st of mssngrs wnt into Gibah, Saul s homtown, and thy proclaimd this mattr publically. Aftr haring thir rport, th popl wpt aloud. First, what othrs hav don: Ancint txts: Masortic Txt Sptuagint Significant diffrncs: And so com in th mssngrs [to] Gibah of Saul and so thy spak th wos in ars of th popl. And so lift up all of th popl thir voic and so thy wp. And th mssngrs cam to Gabaa to Saul, and thy spak th wos into th ars of th popl; and all th popl liftd up thir voic, and wpt. Non. Thought-for-thought translations; paraphrass: CEV NLT TEV Som of th mssngrs wnt to Gibah, Saul s homtown. Thy told what was happning at Jabsh, and vryon in Gibah startd crying. Whn th mssngrs cam to Gibah, Saul s homtown, and told th popl about thir plight, vryon brok into tars. Th mssngrs arrivd at Gibah, whr Saul livd, and whn thy told th nws, th popl startd crying in dspair. Mostly litral rndrings (with som occasional paraphrasing): God s Wo JPS (Tanakh) Th mssngrs cam to Saul s town, Gibah. Whn thy told th popl th nws, th popl crid loudly. Whn th mssngrs cam to Gibah of Saul and gav this rport in th haring of th popl, all th popl brok into wping. Litral, almost wo-for-wo, rndrings: NASB Young's Updatd LT Thn th mssngrs cam to Gibah of Saul and spok ths wos in th haring of th popl, and all th popl liftd up thir voics and wpt. And th mssngrs com to Gibah of Saul, and spak th wos in th ars of th popl, and all th popl lift up thir voic and wp;... What is th gist of this vrs? On st of mssngrs com to Gibah of Saul and tll what has happnd to thm. Th popl har this and cry. 11 Alf Edrshim, Bibl History Old Tstamnt; 1995 by Hndrickson Publishrs, Inc.; p. 443.

23 1Samul Chaptr Samul 11:4a Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs [pronouncd wah] and so, and thn, thn, and; so, that, yt, thrfor wâw conscutiv bôw ( ) [pronouncd boh] to com in, to com, to go in, to go, to ntr 3 prson masculin plural, Qal imprfct Strong s #935 BDB #97 mal âk ( ) [pronouncd mahl - AWK ] mssngr or angl; this wo has bn usd for a propht (Isa. 42:19) and prist (Mal. 2:7) masculin plural noun with th dfinit articl Strong s #4397 BDB #521 Gib ath ( - ) b [pronouncd giv- AHTH] hill; and is translitratd Gibath propr fminin construct Strong s #1394 BDB #149 This is simply th construct of th fminin noun for hill. Shâ ûwl ( ) [pronouncd shaw-ool] which is translitratd Saul; it mans askd for masculin propr noun Strong s #7586 BDB #982 Translation: So th mssngrs cam into Gibah of Saul... W hav cov this Gibah in som dtail in Joshua 18:18:28 Judgs 19:12. W will covr Gibah of Saul in furthr dtail in 1Sam. 13:2. It is not clar how many mssngrs wr snt out or whthr svral sts wr snt out simultanously. Th most logical plac for ths mssngrs to go would b to th trritory of Bnjamin first. First of all, it was closst. Scondly, thr wr clos tis to th trritory and trib of Bnjamin by marriag (s Judgs 20:12 14). In fact, thr was somwhat of an unusual history btwn th trib of Bnjamin and th popl of Jabsh-gilad. You may rcall from th book of Judgs that som mn in Gibah dmandd to hav rlations with a Lvit mal who was staying in town for th night. H and his host snt out th Lvit s mistrss instad. Ths mn rapd hr and sh did from xposur and abus on th doorstp of that hous. Hr Lvit boyfrind cut up hr body and snt it throughout Isral, prsumably along with a mssag to lt thm know what occur. Th tribs of Isral rspondd and dmandd justic. Whn th trib of Bnjamin would not giv up ths mn of Gibah, Isral attackd and dcimatd th trib of Bnjamin, laving only 600 mn. Th rst of Isral thn suddnly ralizd that thy wr about to dstroy on ntir trib of th 12 tribs. Thy rvaluatd th situation, and dtrmind that, of all th citis in Isral, only Jabsh-gilad had not snt rprsntativs to fight th trib of Bnjamin. Thrfor, thy thn wnt to Jabsh-gilad and dstroyd vry man, woman and child, laving aliv only 400 virgins, whom thy brought to th mn of Bnjamin, in or to prptuat th trib (s Judgs 19 21). So you hav this old situation in which th mn of Jabsh-gilad wr unwilling to attack th trib of Bnjamin and th womn of Jabsh-gilad wr givn to th mn of Bnjamin to sav thir trib. Th mn wr killd and a fw of thir virgin daughtrs wr kpt aliv and takn to Bnjamin in or to prptuat th trib. Now it is svral hund yars latr; th mn in Jabsh-gilad ar apparntly from surrounding citis, and th 12 mn of Jabsh-gilad ar not rlatd to th original population (which was dstroyd). Anyway, th narnss of Gibah along with this prvious rlationship of sorts mad Gibah th first stop for th mssngrs from Jabsh. Now, what w may rasonably assum is, if thr was only on st of mssngrs, thy would not hav gon throughout othr parts of Isral first. Thr simply was not nough tim. Did thy know that Saul had bn proclaimd king? Possibly; in fact, likly. This would b anothr rason that thy would hav gon to Gilad. Howvr, intrstingly nough, notic that thy spak to th popl of Gibah rathr than to Saul dirctly: 12 Unlss, of cours, som of th virgins of Jabsh-gilad causd thir nw husbands to mov back to Jabsh.

24 1309 Th Book of Samul 1Samul 11:4b Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs [pronouncd wah] and so, and thn, thn, and; so, that, yt, thrfor wâw conscutiv dâbar ( ) b [pronouncd daw - VAHR] to spak, to talk [and back with action], to giv an opinion, to xpound, to mak a formal spch, to spak out, to promis, to propos, to spak kindly of, to dclar, to proclaim, to announc 3 prson masculin plural, Pil imprfct Strong s #1696 BDB #180 dâbâr ( ) b [pronouncd daw - VAWR] wos, sayings, doctrins, commands; things, mattrs, rports masculin plural noun with th dfinit articl Strong's #1697 BDB #182 h b ( ) [pronouncd b ] in, into, through; at, by, nar, on, upon; with, bfor, against; by mans of; among; within a prposition of proximity Strong s #non BDB #88 ôzn ( ) [pronouncd OH-zn] ars fminin dual construct Strong s #241 BDB #23 am ( ) [pronouncd ahm] popl; rac, trib; family, rlativs; citizns, common popl; companions, srvants; ntir human rac; h [of animals] masculin singular collctiv noun with th dfinit articl Strong s #5971 BDB #766 Translation:...and thy rportd this mattr in th haring of th popl. Hr, w hav th Pil imprfct of b dâbar ( ) [pronouncd daw -VAHR], which mans to spak, to dclar, to proclaim, to announc. In th Pil stm, which is intnsiv, dâbar is strongr and can carry with it th ida of providing guidanc and dirction, if not a st of mandats (and this would b dtrmind by contxt). Th kind of intnsification is dtrmind by contxt. Th Pil may call for talk, backd with action; giv your opinion; xpound; mak a formal spch; spak out; talk it around. Hr is mans to giv a sombr and tragic rport. This givs us:...and thy proclaimd th wos in th ars of th popl... Thr wr possibly svral sts of mssngrs snt about (as is found in th CEV by intrprtation), and thy possibly vn had a proclamation to rad. Howvr, it is xtrmly important to not to whom ths mssngrs spok thy did not go dirctly to King Saul, who ssntially was citizn Saul at this tim. Thy wnt to town squar (mor prcisly, to th opn ara by th gat to th city) and spok to th popl. Evn though Saul had bn publically proclaimd king as rcntly as th prvious chaptr, ths mn did not s him as king nor as thir savior. That h livd in Gibah and that it is calld Gibah of Saul hr at first may sm to indicat that this was 13 a factor in thir going to Gibah. Howvr, whn th mssngrs spok to th popl dirctly and not to Saul, thy indicatd in that action that Saul was still not viwd as King ovr all Isral. In th nxt vrs, it will b clar that Saul had not givn up his day job yt and that h was not vn in th crowd that ths mssngrs spok to. 13 Calling this city Gibah of Saul, by th way, simply indicats that this is th city namd in th prvious chaptr (1Sam. 10:10, 26). This also indicats that thr wr svral citis in Isral namd Gibah.

25 1Samul Chaptr So, how do w xplain this? It appars as though ths mssngrs from Jabsh wnt to Gibah bcaus King Saul rsids thr, but thy don t spak to Saul dirctly, thy spak to th rsidnts of Gibah. What s up with that? Saul has not assumd a clar position of ladrship. Evn though som mn hav joind him as a privat army/cabint (Judgs 10:26); Saul is still farming th land of his fathr. Th ida is this thy spok to th popl of Gibah, knowing that this would gt to Saul. Furthrmor, it would not b compltly Saul s dcision hr, as a larg numbr of popl would know th whol situation. And thir dcision to spak to th popl of Gibah could hav bn a simpl mattr of xpdincy. Saul is nowhr to b found. Thy go to town squar and mak this pronouncmnt thr. Saul coms back into th city aftr this proclamation has bn rad. Furthrmor, thy nd an army, not just on man. So, whthr thy know about Saul or not, thy will rquir a savior and His army to com and dfat Nahash. 1Samul 11:4c Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs [pronouncd wah] and so, and thn, thn, and; so, that, yt, thrfor wâw conscutiv nâsâ ( ) [pronouncd naw-saw] to lift up, to bar, to carry 3 prson masculin plural, Qal imprfct Strong s #5375 (and #4984) BDB #669 kôl ( ) [pronouncd kohl] th whol, all of, th ntirty of, all; can also b rnd any of masculin singular construct followd by a dfinit articl Strong s #3605 BDB #481 am ( ) [pronouncd ahm] popl; rac, trib; family, rlativs; citizns, common popl; companions, srvants; ntir human rac; h [of animals] masculin singular collctiv noun with th dfinit articl Strong s #5971 BDB #766 êth ( ) [pronouncd ayth] gnrally untranslatd; occasionally to, towa indicats that th following substantiv is a dirct objct Strong's #853 BDB #84 qôwl ( ) [pronouncd kohl] sound, voic, nois; loud nois, thundring masculin singular noun with th 3 prson masculin plural suffix Strong s #6963 BDB #876 [pronouncd wah] and so, and thn, thn, and; so, that, yt, thrfor wâw conscutiv bâkâh ( ) [pronouncd baw-kaw] to wp, to cry, to bwail 3 prson masculin plural, Qal imprfct Strong s #1058 BDB #113 Translation: Thn all of th popl liftd up thir voics and wpt aloud. It is rasonabl to ask, why did ths popl in Gibah wp aloud? First, as you hav no doubt noticd, th Hbrws wr vry dmonstrativ about thir motions (compar Judgs 2:4 20:23, 26 21:2 1Sam. 30:4). Thy wpt for svral rasons first, in grat mpathy for thir brothrs, who occupy th city that thir grandmothrs ar from; and scondly, bcaus Nahash would probably invad wstrn Isral and do th sam to thm. In fact, givn thir location, Nahash would probably invad Bnjamin nxt. Finally, thy wp bcaus th do not automatically think of Saul as bing th man to lad thm. Sur, thr was a public coronation and h had a band of soldirs with him now, but othr than that, littl had changd in his lif. So, vn if ths mn ar considring hlping out thir brothrs in Jabsh, thy

26 1311 Th Book of Samul do not rally hav a military ladr, as thy do not s Saul as a military ladr, dspit all of th hoopla of th prvious chaptr. And bhold Saul coming in aftr th oxn from th fild and says Saul, Why all th popl that thy wp? And so thy rcount to him wos of mn of Jabsh. 1Samul 11:5 And obsrv Saul coming in [to town] bhind th oxn from th fild. Thn Saul said, Why [ar] all th popl wping? Thrfor, thy dcla to him th rport of th mn of Jabsh. At that tim, Saul was rturning to town bhind his oxn aftr working in th fild, and h askd, Why ar th popl crying? Th popl told him th rport brought to thm from th mn of Jabsh. Hr is what othrs hav don with th fifth vrs: Ancint txts: Masortic Txt Sptuagint Significant diffrncs: And bhold Saul coming in aftr th oxn from th fild and says Saul, Why all th popl that thy wp? And so thy rcount to him wos of mn of Jabsh. And bhold Saul cam aftr th arly morning out of th fild; and Saul said, Why do th popl wp And thy tll him th wos of th mn of Jabis. Non. Thought-for-thought translations; paraphrass: CEV NLT Just thn, Saul cam in from th filds, walking bhind his oxn. Why is vryon crying? Saul askd. Thy told him what th mn from Jabsh had said. Saul was plowing in th fild, and whn h rturnd to town, h askd, What s th mattr? Why is vryon crying? So thy told him about th mssag from Jabsh. Mostly litral rndrings (with som occasional paraphrasing): God s Wo JPS (Tanakh) Just thn Saul was coming from th fild bhind som oxn. Why ar ths popl crying? Saul askd. So thy told him th nws about th mn of Jabsh. Saul was just coming from th fild driving th cattl; and Saul askd, Why ar th popl crying? And thy told him about th situation of th mn of Jabsh. Litral, almost wo-for-wo, rndrings: NASB Young's Updatd LT Now bhold, Saul was coming from th fild bhind th oxn; and h said, What is th mattr with th popl that thy wp? So thy rlatd to him th wos of th mn of Jabsh....and lo, Saul has com aftr th h out of th fild, and Saul says, What to th popl, that thy wp? and thy rcount to him th wos of th mn of Jabsh. What is th gist of this vrs? Saul coms in th from th fild aftr a ha day at work and h ss all of th mn wping, so h asks why. Thy tll him about th rport of th mn of Jabsh.

27 1Samul Chaptr Samul 11:5a Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs w (or v ) ( ) [pronouncd wh] and, vn, thn; namly; whn; sinc, that; though simpl wâw conjunction BDB #251 hinnêh ( ) [pronouncd hin-nay] lo, bhold, or mor frly, obsrv, look hr, look, listn, not, tak not; pay attntion, gt this, chck this out intrjction, dmonstrativ particl Strong s #2009 (and #518, 2006) BDB #243 Shâ ûwl ( ) [pronouncd shaw-ool] which is translitratd Saul; it mans askd for masculin propr noun Strong s #7586 BDB #982 bôw ( ) [pronouncd boh] to com in, to com, to go in, to go, to ntr Qal activ participl Strong s #935 BDB #97 ach rêy ( ) [pronouncd ah-kuh- RAY] hindr parts; bhind, aftr; following; aftr that, aftrwas prposition; plural form Strong s #310 BDB #29 bâqâr ( ) [pronouncd baw- KAWR] ox, h, cattl masculin singular collctiv noun with th dfinit articl Strong s #1241 BDB #133 min ( ) [pronouncd min] from, away from, out from, out of from, off, on account of prposition of sparation Strong's #4480 BDB #577 sâdh ( ) [pronouncd saw-deh] fild, land, country, opn fild, opn country masculin singular noun with th dfinit articl Strong s #7704 BDB #961 Translation: And obsrv Saul coming in [to town] bhind th oxn from th fild. Isral had nvr had a king bfor. Saul appars to b a rluctant king, to say th last. H had no natural ladrship abilitis. Aftr bing privatly anointd as th king of Isral and thn publically bing chosn th king of Isral, Saul rturnd to his homtown and to his normal chors. Instad of putting togthr a cabint or stablishing a cntral city from which to rul, Saul was out plowing his family s fild. Ths mssngrs from across th Joan, rathr than going to Saul, wnt to th popl, vn though th primary rason that th mn of Isral rqustd a king from God was for military ladrship. Th fact that ths mssngrs did not wait with thir mssag to spak to Saul dirctly indicats that his prsnc in this city was not ncssarily a factor in thir coming to Gibah. In or for any man to assum ladrship ovr a country, thr must b som popular assnt, no mattr what th form of govrnmnt. Thr hav bn many who hav mad commnts about Saul s plowing a fild at this tim. H has bn anointd king twic what mor dos h nd? an anvil to drop on his had? Kil and Dlitzsch giv us th most succinct xplanation: Evn aftr th lction by lot at Mizph, Saul did not siz upon th rins of govrnmnt at onc, but rturnd to his fathr s hous in Gibah, and to his formr agricultural occupation; not, howvr, mrly from prsonal humility and want of ambition, but rathr from a corrct stimat of th circumstancs. Th monarchy was somthing so nw in Isral, that th king could not xpct a gnral and voluntary rcognition of his rgal dignity and authority, spcially aftr th conduct of th worthlss popl mntiond in 1Sam. 10:27, until h had answ thir xpctations...and provn himslf a dlivrr of Isral from its fos by a victorious campaign but as Jhovah had chosn him rulr ovr his popl without any sking on his part, h would wait for highr

28 1313 Th Book of Samul instructions to act, bfor h nt upon th govrnmnt. Th opportunity was soon givn him th circumstancs of this chaptr]. Now, do you rcall 1Sam. 10:7, which wr Samul s final instructions to Saul? And it will b whn ths signs hav com to you, you will do for yourslf what your hand finds; for God is with you. Th signs hav all com to pass (apart from th final sign to tak plac in Gilgal); but nothing has rally bn put bfor Saul to do. Thr was no palac for him to go to; no capital city; no man had bn king bfor (apart from Abimlch), so thr was not rally any stablishd protocol. So, Saul was waiting for God to put somthing bfor him, and this was it. 14 [i.., 1Samul 11:5b Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs [pronouncd wah] and so, and thn, thn, and; so, that, yt, thrfor wâw conscutiv âmar ( ) [pronouncd aw-mahr] to say, to spak, to uttr; to say [to onslf], to think 3 prson masculin plural, Qal imprfct Strong s #559 BDB #55 Shâ ûwl ( ) [pronouncd shaw-ool] which is translitratd Saul; it mans askd for masculin propr noun Strong s #7586 BDB #982 mâh ( ) [pronouncd maw] what, how, why intrrogativ; xclamatory particl Strong s #4100 BDB #552 lâmd ( ) (pronouncd l ) to, for, towas, in rgas to, with rfrnc to, as to, with rgas to, blonging to dirctional/rlational prposition; with th 1 st prson plural suffix BDB #510 am ( ) [pronouncd ahm] popl; rac, trib; family, rlativs; citizns, common popl; companions, srvants; ntir human rac; h [of animals] masculin singular collctiv noun with th dfinit articl Strong s #5971 BDB #766 kîy ( ) [pronouncd k] for, that, bcaus; whn, at that tim, which, what tim xplanatory or tmporal conjunction; prposition Strong's #3588 BDB #471 bâkâh ( ) [pronouncd baw-kaw] to wp, to cry, to bwail 3 prson masculin plural, Qal imprfct Strong s #1058 BDB #113 Translation: Thn Saul said, Why [ar] all th popl wping? Now that Saul is proclaimd king and all, vn though h rally did nothing about it, his opinion and what h has to say is givn mor cnc. In th past, h may hav walkd into town and h may hav had to ask a qustion svral tims bfor somon would pay attntion and answr it, but hr, h will ask on tim and gt a rspons. Th scond sntnc dos not vn appar to b propr Hbrw, which rads, litrally: Why all th popl that thy wp? Th ida is that Saul coms into town, vryon is crying, and h has a difficult tim asking th qustion. H asks this qustion immdiatly, but it apparntly dos not com out right. What s up with all th popl that thy ar crying? might b a mor modrn rndring. 14 Kil & Dlitzsch s Commntary on th Old Tstamnt; 1966 Hndrickson Publishrs, Inc.; Vol. 2, p. 437.

29 1Samul Chaptr Samul 11:5c Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs [pronouncd wah] and so, and thn, thn, and; so, that, yt, thrfor wâw conscutiv çâphar ( ) [pronouncd saw-fahr] to rcount, to numrat, to tll with prais, to clbrat, to rcall, to dclar, to narrat, to tll or dclar somthing from mmory, to dclar th facts or particulars of, to tll in a spcific or 3 prson masculin plural, Pil imprfct Strong s #5608 BDB #707 êth ( ) [pronouncd ayth] gnrally untranslatd; occasionally to, towa indicats that th following substantiv is a dirct objct Strong's #853 BDB #84 dâbâr ( ) b [pronouncd daw - VAWR] wos, sayings, doctrins, commands; things, mattrs, rports masculin plural construct Strong's #1697 BDB #182 nâsîym (. ) [pronouncd uh-nawsm]; also splld îyshîym (. ) [pronouncd -SHEEM] mn; inhabitants, citizns; companions; soldirs, followrs masculin plural construct Strong's #376 BDB #35 Yâbêsh ( ) B [pronouncd yaw - VEYSH] to b dry, drid up, with; translitratd Jabsh cognat of vrb (Strong s #3001); acts as a propr noun Strong s #3003 BDB #386 Translation: Thrfor, thy dcla to him th rport of th mn of Jabsh. Or, So thy rcountd to him th wos of th mn of Jabsh. This is quit fascinating, this historical narrativ. Th mn of Jabsh do not wait around for Saul; thy do not ask for him by nam vn though I hav suggstd that Saul s prsnc hr may hav bn on of th rasons that thy cam to Gibah, it dos not rally appar that way. Th popl of Gibah don t stop thm mid-spch and say, Wait, lt s gt Saul; h is going to b Isral s nw king. Th mn from Jabsh com to town, tll what has happnd, and, apparntly, thy lav. Th rport is givn to Saul not by th mn of Jabsh but by his fllow townsmn. Rturn to Chaptr Outlin Rturn to th Chart and Map Indx Saul Rsponds with th Army of Isral And so cam a Spirit of God upon Saul in his haring of th wos th ths and so is kindld his nostril [or, angr] gratly. 1Samul 11:6 Thn th Spirit of Y howah cam upon Saul as h ha ths wos and his angr was gratly kindld. Suddnly, as h ha ths wos, th Spirit of God cam upon Saul and h bcam xtrmly angry. How translators handld th sixth vrs: Ancint txts:

30 1315 Th Book of Samul Masortic Txt Sptuagint Significant diffrncs: And so cam a Spirit of God upon Saul in his haring of th wos th ths and so is kindld his nostril [or, angr] gratly. And th Spirit of th Lo cam upon Saul whn h ha ths wos, and his angr was gratly kindld against thm. Th Grk, Aramaic and Latin all rad th Spirit of Jhovah. Thought-for-thought translations; paraphrass: CEV REB Thn th Spirit of God suddnly took control of Saul and mad him furious. Whn Saul ha this, th spirit of God suddnly sizd him; in angr [h took a pair of oxn, cut thm in pics, and snt mssngrs with th pics all through Isral to proclaim that th sam would b don to th oxn of any man who did not follow Saul and Samul to battl.] [A portion of v. 7b was includd to continu th contxt of REB s rndring]. Mostly litral rndrings (with som occasional paraphrasing): God s Wo JPS (Tanakh) Whn h ha this nws, God s Spirit cam ovr him, and h bcam vry angry. Whn h ha ths things, th spirit of God grippd Saul and his angr blazd up. Litral, almost wo-for-wo, rndrings: NASB Young's Updatd LT Thn th Spirit of God cam upon Saul mightily whn h ha ths wos, and h bcam vry angry [lit., his angr burnd xcdingly]. And th Spirit of God prosprs ovr Saul, in his haring ths wos, and his angr burns gratly,... What is th gist of this vrs? Saul is takn by th Holy Spirit whn h hars ths wos and h bcoms angry. 1Samul 11:6a Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs [pronouncd wah] and so, and thn, thn, and; so, that, yt, thrfor wâw conscutiv tsâlach ( ) [pronouncd tsaw- LAHCH] to com upon, to rush upon, to prospr, to b prosprous 3 prson fminin singular, Qal imprfct Strong's #6743 BDB #852 Tsâlach mans to go ovr, to go through [a rivr, for instanc] whn followd by an accusativ. To prospr, to b prosprous gnrally followd by a lâmd prposition; to com upon, to rush upon gnrally followd by th prpositions al or l. rûwach ( ) [pronouncd ROO-ahkh] wind, brath, spirit, apparition fminin singular construct Strong s #7307 BDB #924 lôhîym ( ) [pronouncd l-o-heem] gods, forign gods, god; God; rulrs, judgs; suprhuman ons, angls; translitratd Elohim masculin plural noun Strong's #430 BDB #43

31 1Samul Chaptr Samul 11:6a Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs In th Syriac, Grk and Latin, this rads Jhovah. al ( ) [pronouncd ahl ] upon, byond, on, against, abov, ovr, by, bsid prposition of proximity Strong s #5920, #5921 BDB #752 Shâ ûwl ( ) [pronouncd shaw-ool] which is translitratd Saul; it mans askd for masculin propr noun Strong s #7586 BDB #982 h b ( ) [pronouncd b ] in, into, through; at, by, nar, on, upon; with, bfor, against; by mans of; among; within a prposition of proximity Strong s #non BDB #88 Th infinitiv construct, whn combind with th bêyth prposition, can oftn tak on a tmporal maning and may b rnd whn [such and such happns]. It can srv as a tmporal markr that dnots an vnt which occurs simultanously with th action of th main vrb. shâma ( ) [pronouncd shaw- MAH ] to listn [intntly], to har, to listn and oby, [or, and act upon, giv hd to, tak not of], to harkn to, to b attntiv to, to listn and b cognizant of Qal infinitiv construct with th 3 prson masculin singular suffix Strong's #8085 BDB #1033 êth ( ) [pronouncd ayth] gnrally untranslatd; occasionally to, towa indicats that th following substantiv is a dirct objct Strong's #853 BDB #84 dâbâr ( ) b [pronouncd daw - VAWR] wos, sayings, doctrins, commands; things, mattrs, rports masculin plural noun with th dfinit articl Strong's #1697 BDB #182 êllh ( ) [pronuncd KEHLlh] ths, ths things dmonstrativ plural adjctiv with th dfinit articl Strong's #428 BDB #41 Translation: Thn th Spirit of Y howah cam upon Saul as h ha ths wos... Litrally, from th Hbrw, this rads: Thn th Spirit of Elohim cam upon [or, rushd upon] Saul as h ha ths wos... In th Hbrw, th Spirit is affixd to Elohim. In th Grk, Latin and Aramaic, w find thir quivalnts to Y howah hr. Commntaris argu whthr Saul is savd or not; particularly whn w com to Saul s dath in 1Sam. 31. Wll, thy don t so much as argu it, as oftn say, Whthr Saul was savd or not, God knows. Hr w hav God th Holy Spirit coming upon this man, a man chosn by God to b king ovr Isral ssntially th first king of 15 Isral to do what is obviously God s will...hmm, how should I put this? If you knw nothing ls about Saul, would you think that h is savd or not? At this point in tim, you would b ha-prssd to find any rason to doubt his salvation. What w will find latr is that Saul will bhav rratically and h will do things which ar clarly outsid of God s will. This dos not mak him an unblivr. This dos not man that Saul has lost his salvation. Unfortunatly, what many of us do latr in lif is act lik unblivrs. In fact, apart from th Holy Spirit, w all act lik unblivrs, albit, som of us lik rligious unblivrs. Popl qustion Saul s rlationship to God bcaus of his actions; bcaus God was against Saul. I will guarant you that if you basd my salvation on my actions, you would find things that I do qustionabl, if not outright sinful. And I can guarant you that if I follow you around long nough, I will obsrv sins that you commit. You hav got to gt away from th ida, if you r good, 15 Abimlch of Judgs 9 notwithstanding.

32 1317 Th Book of Samul you go to havn; if you r bad you go to hll. Non of us ar good. W ar born with sin, w sin by our own fr will, and Adam s sin has bn imputd to us. W hav thr striks against us, and w continu to sin aftr w bliv in Jsus Christ and w continu to hav an old sin natur aftr w bliv in Jsus Christ. Allow m this digrssion: lt s say your salvation dpnds upon your bhavior aftr salvation, that opns us up for two problms: first of all, you arn t rally savd by grac, but you ar savd by works you ar savd by your good works or your lack of sin aftr salvation, which maks what Jsus Christ did for you on th cross prtty maninglss. Scondly, whr do you draw th lin. EVERYONE sins aftr salvation. So, lt s assum for a momnt that your bhavior is a factor aftr salvation thn just what is it you hav to do? Nvr sin knowingly? That lt s vryon out. Don t sin so much? Wll, what is th propr amount? Is thr going to b a cut off scor, lik 1,000,000 sins? Th guy who commits 1,000,000 sins is okay, but th on who commits 1,000,001 is not? Should th sins b ratd? 1 point for gluttony and 10 points for adultry? What about th guy who has to go out of his way to commit adultry vrsus th on who is tmptd with it rgularly and succumbs? Should thr b a diffrnt point scal hr? You s, non of this maks any sns. Eithr Jsus Christ did for our sins or H did not. Thr is nothing in Scriptur which distinguishs th sins which H did for that is, did H only di for your sins up to ag 21, whn you blivd in Him? Aftr that, you ar on your own? Did H di for th minor sins aftr your salvation? Did Jsus Christ pick and choos th sins of yours that H did for? Ths points of viw lad us on a vry slippry path. Not only is thr nothing Biblical which supports any of ths notions, but in vry cas, w ar savd by a combination of grac and works; and if thr ar works, thn thr is no mor grac. I know that I am dpravd. At som point in my lif, I ralizd it; around th tim I was savd; and it is mor and mor clar to m as tim continus. Rom. 7:18: For I know that in m, that is in my flsh, dwlls no good. For to will is prsnt to m, but to work out th good I do not find. For what good I dsir, I do not do. But th vil I do not dsir, this I do. So, do not look at Saul s sorry lif during his lattr yars and qustion his salvation. Rad what w find in this contxt; think about what is occurring in this contxt, and thn ask yourslf, Is God going to allow an unblivr to rul ovr His popl as thir first king? Is God going to mpowr this unblivr with God th Holy Spirit? If you think Saul is an unblivr, thn what God is doing hr maks littl sns. As for mpowrmnt by God th Holy Spirit, this was somthing givn to a vry, vry small prcntag of blivrs in th Old Tstamnt. Dos it mak sns for God to ndow unblivrs with th sam Spirit? Of cours not! Application: It is th latr lif of Saul and th salvation of th gangstr (thif) on th cross which should giv you confidnc in your salvation. Whn Saul is about to di, as a complt and total failur, do you know what Samul, up from th dad will tll him? Tomorrow, you and your sons will b with m. (1Sam. 28:19b). Yah, I know that you hav a sorry-ass Christian lif. I know you giv into tmptation way too oftn; I know you xhibit th grossst slf-rightousnss; I know you hav thoughts that vn you raliz that you should not hav but ar you as bad as Saul? Probably not. Is your lif as dpravd as th gangstr on th cross, who acknowldgd, I dsrv to b hr, but this man Jsus dos not? (Luk 23:41). If anything, you should thank God for th tstimony of ths sorry mn, whos livs ar probably wors than vn yours. God dos not sav on som kind of sliding scal; a 69.4 is not failing and a 69.5 is not passing in God s scal w ar savd by bing in Christ that is passing on God s scal. This should giv you a littl confidnc. Sur, you lad a sorry lif; so do I. Howvr, God in His grac has savd us. 1Samul 11:6b Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs [pronouncd wah] and so, and thn, thn, and; so, that, yt, thrfor wâw conscutiv chârâh ( ) [pronouncd khaw- RAWH] to burn, to kindl, to bcom angry, to vok grat motion 3 prson masculin singular, Qal imprfct Strong's #2734 BDB #354

33 1Samul Chaptr Samul 11:6b Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs aph ( ) [pronouncd ahf] nos, nostril, but is also translatd fac, brow, angr masculin singular construct with th 3 prson masculin singular suffix Strong s #639 BDB #60 m ôd ( ) [pronouncd m -ODE] xcdingly, xtrmly, gratly, vry advrb Strong s #3966 BDB #547 Translation:...and his angr was gratly kindld. Saul, up to this point in tim, appars to hav littl or no motional commitmnt. H has bn put in charg of Isral and h is out plowing th family fild with th family oxn. What h rqui was an motional spark in or to tak upon himslf his propr dutis. Plas don t misintrprt this. This is not a good thing. Saul was clarly givn th authority ovr Isral and h should hav alrady don somthing about it. H should not b waiting for an motional charg in or to function in God s plan. Mor than anyon w hav sn thus far in Scriptur, th Spirit of God has had to, apart from his volition, function in Saul s lif in or for Saul to do what s right. Thr is somthing ls that I should point out. Saul s motional commitmnt appars to b a rsult of th Holy Spirit or a part of this nabling or a coinciding of Saul s rspons with th coming of th Holy Spirit. I mntion this bcaus thr ar tims that my intrprtation of Scriptur may sm to b a bit cut and drid. Thr is an organic and dynamic rlationship btwn th nabling of th Holy Spirit and on s own soul and spirit. Rarly, if vr, do w find instancs in Scriptur of th Holy Spirit compltly dominating th soul and spirit of a man (on could argu that th Holy Spirit did compltly control Balaam s donky in Num. 22). My point is that Saul s motional rspons is in agrmnt with if not a rspons to th nabling of th Holy Spirit. You cannot go backwas with this. You cannot think that, bcaus you ar motionally chargd about this or that, that this is a rsult of th filling of th Holy Spirit. Scriptur dos not support that. Thr will b tims that you ar motional whil bing filld with th Holy Spirit; thr ar tims that you will b unmotional and filld with th Holy Spirit. Again, th filling of God th Holy Spirit is organically and dynamically rlatd to our own soul and spirit. It dos not automatically turn on s motion on or off. Howvr, thr may b an motional rspons which is in sync with th Holy Spirit. In othr wos, you may at various tims fl a whol rang of motions. This dos not man that you ar filld or not filld with th Holy Spirit. Howvr, whnvr you fl a plthora of motions and you hav bn takn, so to spak, or if you ar undr th control of anothr powr without th volition to rmov this control, thn it is highly unlikly that you ar undr th powr of th Holy Spirit. You may want to rviw th Doctrin of th Ministry of th Holy Spirit in th Old Tstamnt, which was cov in Num. 11:25. Saul was placd undr th powr of God th Holy Spirit 1Sam. 10:6, 10 11:6 19: And so h took a pair of cattl and so h cut him up and so h snds [thm] out in all of [th] trritory of Isral in a hand of th mssngrs, to say, Whovr his not coming out aftr Saul and aftr Samul, so will b don to his cattl. Thn falls a far of Y howah upon all th popl and so thy com out as man on. 1Samul 11:7 Thn h took a pair of oxn and cut thm [in pics] and h snt [thm] forth by th hand of [his] mssngrs into all th trritory of Isral, saying, Whovr dos not com out aftr Saul and aftr Samul, so [it] will b don to his oxn. Thn th far of Y howah fll upon all of th popl and thy [all] cam out as on man. As a rsult, h took a pair of oxn and cut thm into pics, snding th pics by svral mssngrs throughout th land of Isral, with th mssag, This is what will happn to your cattl if you do not com out to Gibah to mt with Saul and Samul. Th far of Jhovah fll upon all of thy popl and thy cam out as on.

34 1319 Th Book of Samul How othrs hav rnd v. 7: Ancint txts: Masortic Txt Sptuagint Significant diffrncs: And so h took a pair of cattl and so h cut him up and so h snds [thm] out in all of [th] trritory of Isral in a hand of th mssngrs, to say, Whovr his not coming out aftr Saul and aftr Samul, so will b don to his cattl. Thn falls a far of Y howah upon all th popl and so thy com out as man on. And h took two cows, and cut thm in pics, and snt thm into all th coasts of Isral by th hand of Mssngrs, saying, Whovr coms not forth aftr Saul and aftr Samul, so shall thy do to his oxn ; and a transport from th Lo cam upon th popl of Isral, and thy cam out to battl as on man. Non. Thought-for-thought translations; paraphrass: TEV H took two oxn, cut thm in pics, and had mssngrs carry th pics throughout th land of Isral with this warning: Whovr dos not follow Saul and Samul into battl will hav this don to his oxn! Th popl of Isral wr afraid of what th LORD might do, and all of thm, without xcption, cam out togthr. Mostly litral rndrings (with som occasional paraphrasing): God s Wo JPS (Tanakh) Saul took a pair of oxn, cut thm in pics, and snt thm by mssngrs throughout th trritory of Isral with th following mssag: This is what will b don to th oxn of anyon who dosn t follow Saul and Samul [into battl]. So th popl bcam trrifid by th LORD, and thy cam out unitd [bhind Saul]. H took a yok of oxn and cut thm into pics, which h snt by mssngrs throughout th trritory of Isral, with th warning, Thus shall b don to th cattl of anyon who dos not follow Saul and Samul into battl! Trror from th LORD fll upon th popl, and thy cam out as on man. Litral, almost wo-for-wo, rndrings: NASB Young's Updatd LT And h took a yok of oxn and cut thm in pics, and snt thm throughout th trritory of Isral by th hand of Mssngrs, saying, Whovr dos not com out aftr Saul and aftr Samul, so shall it b don to his oxn. Thn th drad of th LORD fll on th popl, and thy cam out as on man....and h taks a coupl of oxn, and cuts thm in pics, and snds through all th bor of Isral, by th hand of th mssngrs, saying, H who is not coming out aftr Saul and aftr Samul thus it is don to his oxn; and th far of Jhovah falls on th popl, and thy com out as on man. What is th gist of this vrs? Saul cuts up som oxn and snds th pics with th mssngrs throughout Isral. Th mssag is, If you don t com out and support this war, thn this will b don to your livstock. 1Samul 11:7a Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs [pronouncd wah] and so, and thn, thn, and; so, that, yt, thrfor wâw conscutiv

35 1Samul Chaptr Samul 11:7a Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs lâqach ( ) [pronouncd law- KAHKH] to tak, to tak away, to tak in marriag; to siz 3 prson masculin singular, Qal imprfct Strong s #3947 BDB #542 tsmd ( ) [pronouncd TZEH-md] a coupl, a pair masculin singular construct Strong s #6776 BDB #855 bâqâr ( ) [pronouncd baw- KAWR] ox, h, cattl masculin singular collctiv noun Strong s #1241 BDB #133 [pronouncd wah] and so, and thn, thn, and; so, that, yt, thrfor wâw conscutiv nâthach ( - ) [pronouncd naw- THAHKH] to cut up, to cut in pics, to divid by joints 3 prson masculin singular, Pil imprfct; with th 3 prson masculin singular suffix Strong s #5408 BDB #677 Translation: Thn h took a pair of oxn and cut thm [in pics]... Although it would sm rasonabl that Saul simply took two of th oxn which h had usd in th fild (v. 5), although this vrs dos not spcifically say that. Howvr, givn th suddnnss of th situation in Jabsh, it is likly that Saul workd with what h had. Again, rcall that Samul told him, Do whatvr is in your hand maning, whatvr God puts bfor you, that you will do. 1Samul 11:7b Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs [pronouncd wah] and so, and thn, thn, and; so, that, yt, thrfor wâw conscutiv shâlach ( ) [pronouncd shaw- LAKH] to snd, to snd off, to snd away, to dismiss, to giv ovr, to cast out, to lt go, to st fr, to shoot forth [branchs], to shoot [an arrow] 3 prson masculin singular, Pil imprfct Strong s #7971 BDB #1018 kôl ( ) [pronouncd kohl] vry, ach, all of, all; any of, any masculin singular construct not followd by a dfinit articl Strong s #3605 BDB #481 g bûl ( ) b [pronouncd g -VOOL] bor, boundary, trritory masculin singular construct Strong s #1366 BDB #147 Yis râ êl ( ) [pronouncd yis-raw- ALE] translitratd Isral masculin propr noun Strong s #3478 BDB #975

36 1321 Th Book of Samul 1Samul 11:7b Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs h b ( ) [pronouncd b ] in, into, through; at, by, nar, on, upon; with, bfor, against; by mans of; among; within a prposition of proximity BDB #88 yâd ( ) [pronouncd yawd] gnrally translatd hand fminin singular construct Strong's #3027 BDB #388 mal âk ( ) [pronouncd mahl - AWK ] mssngr or angl; this wo has bn usd for a propht (Isa. 42:19) and prist (Mal. 2:7) masculin plural noun with th dfinit articl Strong s #4397 BDB #521 Translation:...and h snt [thm] forth by th hand of [his] mssngrs into all th trritory of Isral,... W would xpct a suffix with th vrb, but w do not find on. This givs us:...and h snt [th cut up pics of oxn] out into all th trritory of Isral by th hand of th mssngrs,... Th Jwish popl tnd to b vry dmonstrativ. Thy don t rly simply upon wos. My guss is, th mssngrs which Saul uss ar mssngrs from Jabsh. Howvr, it is quit intrsting that nithr th mn of Jabsh nor th mn of Gibah go and ftch Saul from th fild. Saul has to com in from th fild, notic all of th wping, and thn ask what is going on. 1Samul 11:7c Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs lâmd ( ) (pronouncd l ) to, for, towas, in rgas to dirctional/rlational prposition with th 3 prson masculin singular suffix BDB #510 âmar ( ) [pronouncd aw-mahr] to say, to spak, to uttr; to say [to onslf], to think Qal infinitiv construct Strong s #559 BDB #55 shr ( ) [pronouncd ash-er] that, which, whn, who, whom rlativ pronoun Strong's #834 BDB #81 êyn ( ) [pronouncd n] nothing, not, [is] not; not prsnt, not rady; xprsss nonxistnc, absnc or nonpossssion; thr is no [non, no on, not] particl of ngation; substantiv of ngation; with th 3 prson masculin singular suffix Strong s #369 BDB #34 yâtsâ ( ) [pronouncd yaw- TZAWH] to go out, to com out, to com [go] forth; to ris; to flow, to gush up [out]; [of mony:] to b xpndd, laid out, spnt; promulgatd; outgoing [nd of a tim priod] Qal activ participl Strong's #3318 BDB #422

37 1Samul Chaptr Samul 11:7c Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs ach rêy ( ) [pronouncd ah-kuh- RAY] hindr parts; bhind, aftr; following; aftr that, aftrwas prposition; plural form Strong s #310 BDB #29 Shâ ûwl ( ) [pronouncd shaw-ool] which is translitratd Saul; it mans askd for masculin propr noun Strong s #7586 BDB #982 w (or v ) ( ) [pronouncd wh] and, vn, thn; namly; whn; sinc, that; though simpl wâw conjunction BDB #251 achar ( ) [pronouncd ah-khahr] aftr, following, bhind prposition Strong s #310 BDB #29 Sh mûw êl ( ) [pronouncd sh -moo- ALE] which mans ha of El; it is translitratd Samul propr masculin noun Strong s #8050 BDB #1028 kôh ( ) [pronouncd koh] so, thus, hr, hnc advrb Strong s #3541 BDB #462 âsâh ( ) [pronouncd aw- SAWH] was mad, was constructd, was fashiond, to b formd, to b prpa 3 prson masculin singular, Niphal imprfct Strong's #6213 BDB #793 lâmd ( ) (pronouncd l ) to, for, towas, in rgas to dirctional/rlational prposition BDB #510 bâqâr ( ) [pronouncd baw- KAWR] ox, h, cattl masculin singular collctiv noun with th 3 prson masculin singular suffix Strong s #1241 BDB #133 Translation:...saying, Whovr dos not com out aftr Saul and aftr Samul, so [it] will b don to his oxn. Saul lists himslf first, not as an gomaniac, but bcaus h is th king. Howvr, h lists Samul as wll, bcaus this mssag is mor likly to gt a rspons if Samul s nam is on it. Samul is rcognizd throughout Isral as a propht of God. Saul is known by many to b anointd as king; howvr, h has nvr rally assumd this position of ladrship. Th thrat is intrsting: Saul thratns th livstock of thos who do not com out to war. But what h is doing is working with what h has. God placs this thrat bfor him and h is walking two oxn, and h works with what h has. 1Samul 11:7d Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs [pronouncd wah] and so, and thn, thn, and; so, that, yt, thrfor wâw conscutiv

38 1323 Th Book of Samul 1Samul 11:7d Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs nâphal ( ) [pronouncd naw-fahl] to fall, to li, to di a violnt dath, to b brought down, to sttl, to slp dply 3 prson masculin singular, Qal imprfct Strong's #5307 BDB #656 pachad ( ) [pronouncd PAH-khahd far, trror, drad, a thing which is fa, that which is fa masculin singular construct Strong s #6343 BDB #808 YHWH ( ) [pronunciation is possibly yhoh-wah] translitratd variously as Jhovah, Yahwh, Y howah propr noun Strong s #3068 BDB #217 al ( ) [pronouncd ahl ] upon, byond, on, against, abov, ovr, by, bsid prposition of proximity Strong s #5920, #5921 BDB #752 am ( ) [pronouncd ahm] popl; rac, trib; family, rlativs; citizns, common popl; companions, srvants; ntir human rac; h [of animals] masculin singular collctiv noun with th dfinit articl Strong s #5971 BDB #766 Translation: Thn th far of Y howah fll upon all of th popl... This is not bcaus Saul snt out th cut up oxn. God th Holy Spirit was no doubt a part of this far/rspct. Th Holy Spirit both motivatd and mpow th popl to oby this rquisition of Saul s. 1Samul 11:7 Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs [pronouncd wah] and so, and thn, thn, and; so, that, yt, thrfor wâw conscutiv yâtsâ ( ) [pronouncd yaw- TZAWH] to go out, to com out, to com [go] forth; to ris; to flow, to gush up [out]; [of mony:] to b xpndd, laid out, spnt; promulgatd; outgoing [nd of a tim priod] 3 prson masculin plural, Qal imprfct Strong's #3318 BDB #422 kaph or k ( ) [pronouncd k ] as, lik, accoing to; about, approximatly prposition of comparison or approximation BDB #453 îysh ( ) [pronouncd sh] a man, a husband; anyon; a crtain on; ach, ach on, vryon masculin singular noun Strong's #376 BDB #35 châd ( ) [pronouncd h- KHAWD] on, first, crtain, only; but it can also man a composit unity; possibly particular numral adjctiv Strong's #259 BDB #25

39 1Samul Chaptr Translation:...and thy [all] cam out as on man. W hav a trmndous amount of unity hr. All th Isralits cam forth to Saul to b ld into war against th Ammonits. On of th many thoris concrning Scriptur was that ths wr storis which wr carrid down throughout th ags vrbally and vntually, long aftr ths things occur, wr writtn down. On of th rasons this is assrtd, is that som historical rcounts ar similar to othrs. Som claim that common lmnts man that th sam historical vnt is bing rcalld; howvr, considrabl tim and rtllings hav causd diffrnt accounts to appar whn thy rprsnt but on vnt. If you oftn prus your Bibl columns for rfrncs, you hav no doubt noticd svral rfrncs from this chaptr of 1Samul rfr back to th historical account of Judgs Thrfor, it might b hlpful to xamin... Th Similaritis and Diffrncs to Judgs Sam. 11 Judgs Th St Up: Th Rspons Th Mssag Th Rspons of th Popl Th Tactics Th Rsult An Ammonit king, Nahash, had thratnd to rmov th right ys of th mn of Jabsh-gilad. Mssngrs wr snt throughout Isral, including to th city of Gibah. Saul cut up oxn and snt thm throughout Isral. It is possibl that h was inspi by rading th book of th Judgs, howvr, I doubt that. Sauls snds out th mssag: Whovr dos not com out aftr Saul and aftr Samul, so will it b don to his oxn. This mssag accompanid th cut up oxn. Thy cam out to Saul and Samul as on man. Saul divids his army into 3 companis. Nahash was dfatd in battl by th Isralits. A Lvits mistrss was rapd and sodomizd by th Bnjamit mn of Gibah. Th Lvit cut up his mistrss into pics and snt thm to th twlv tribs of Isral (Judgs 19:29) Th Lvit was unabl to mak any such thrat. H apparntly snt a mssag indicating what had bn don to his mistrss, as all who saw it said, Nothing lik this has happnd or bn sn from th day that th sons of Isral cam up from th land of Egypt until this day. (Judgs 19:30). Thy aros as on man, taking a vow (Judgs 20:8, 11). Tactics ar not givn hr; just th battl itslf. Howvr, Gidon also dividd his mn into 3 companis in Judgs 7: Th trib of Bnjamin was dcimatd (Judgs 20:12 48). Obviously, thr ar many similaritis btwn ths two incidnts, which ar sparatd in history by roughly 300 yars. At th sam tim, thr ar many diffrncs btwn th two incidnts. On war was against Ammon; th othr was against thir brothr Isralits. Th incidnts which inspi th battls wr compltly diffrnt. Th mssag which was snt out was diffrnt, and th on snding th mssag was, on th on hand, a lowly Lvit; and on th othr, th King of Isral. Th packags wr xprssly snt to th twlv tribs of Isral in th book of Judgs. W may assum that thy wr so snt hr, although that is not xplicitly statd. Th battl and th battl stratgy of th two vnts wr ntirly diffrnt. Evn th tim spnt dscribing th battl was vry diffrnt (on vrs in 1Samul as vrsus 37 vrss in Judgs 20).

40 1325 Th Book of Samul Th point is this: on can gathr togthr hunds of paralll incidnts in history which shar common lmnts, vn though thy may b sparatd in tim by hunds of yars. This fact dos not man that historical accounts with similar lmnts must thrfor point back to th sam historical incidnt. In fact, if thr wr no similaritis btwn various incidnts in Scriptur, that would ring untru. What is indicatd hr is that Saul possibly knw of this incidnt from th book of Judgs; or an advisor of his knw this. And, rcall that Saul was a nw man, so this could b th rsult of inspiration. Th paralll could hav bn intntional, not coincidntal. As ZPEB put it, Imagin th psychological impact on th Isralit warrior upon th rcipt of a pic of gory mat from Gibah of Bnjamin! 16 Rturn to Chaptr Outlin And so h countd thm in Bzk and so ar mn of Isral 300,000 [or, 300 clans] and mn of Judah 30,000 [or, 30 clans]. 1Samul 11:8 Rturn to th Chart and Map Indx And h countd thm at Bzk and [thr] wr 300,000 mn of Isral and 30,000 mn of Judah. Saul mobilizd Isral s armd forcs in Bzk and found that h had 300 xtndd familis of mn from Isral and 30 xtndd familis of mn from Judah. Hr ar th various ways v. 8 has bn translatd: Ancint txts: Latin Vulgat And h numb thm in Bzc: and thr wr of th childrn of Isral 300,000: and of th mn of Juda 30,000. Masortic Txt And so h countd thm in Bzk and so ar mn of Isral 300,000 [or, 300 clans] and mn of Judah 30,000 [or, 30 clans]. Sptuagint And h rviws thm at Bzk in Bama, vry man of Isral 600,000, and th mn of Juda 70,000. Significant diffrncs: Th numbrs ar quit diffrnt and Bama is not mntiond in th MT or th Latin. Th Latin, Hbrw and th Syriac ar idntical. All that w find in th Dad Sa Scrolls of this vrs is th final numbr, listd as 70,000. Thought-for-thought translations; paraphrass: CEV NLT [So all th mn cam togthr] at Bzk. Saul had thm organizd and countd. Thr wr thr hund thousand from Isral and thirty thousand from Judah. [Half of v. 7 was includd] Whn Saul mobilizd thm at Bzk, h found that thr wr 300,000 mn of Isral, in addition to 30,000 from Judah. [Th DSS and th Grk rad 70,000] Mostly litral rndrings (with som occasional paraphrasing): God s Wo JPS (Tanakh) Whn Saul countd thm at Bzk, thr wr 300,000 troops from Isral and 30,000 troops from Judah. [Saul] must thm in Bzk, and th Isralits numb 300,000, th mn of Judah 30,000. Litral, almost wo-for-wo, rndrings: 16 Th Zondrvan Pictorial Encyclopdia of th Bibl; Mrrill Tnny, d., Zondrvan Publishing Hous, 1976; Vol. 2, p. 713.

41 1Samul Chaptr NASB Young's Updatd LT And h numb thm in Bzk; and th sons of Isral wr 300,000 and th mn of Judah 30,000. And h inspctd thm in Bzk, and th sons of Isral ar thr hund thousand, and th mn of Judah thirty thousand. What is th gist of this vrs? 300,000 mn com to Saul from th North and 30,000 from th south (thr is som disagrmnt as to th numbrs in th ancint txts). 1Samul 11:8a Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs [pronouncd wah] and so, and thn, thn, and; so, that, yt, thrfor wâw conscutiv pâqad ( ) [pronouncd paw-kahd] to go to a prson, to visit, to hav prsonal contact with, to sort out, to visit a prson, to commit, to charg to th car of, to fall upon, to attack, to numbr, to tak a cnsus 3 prson masculin singular, Qal imprfct; with th 3 prson masculin plural suffix Strong's #6485 BDB #823 h b ( ) [pronouncd b ] in, into, through; at, by, nar, on, upon; with, bfor, against; by mans of; among; within a prposition of proximity BDB #88 Bzq ( ) [pronouncd BEH-zhk] lightning, lightning flash; and is translitratd Bzk propr noun; location Strong s #966 BDB #103 Translation: And h countd thm at Bzk... Saul, as commandr-in-chif, was in charg of all th army of Isral and Judah. Thrfor, h is th on to assmbl, numbr and mobiliz th army of Isral.

42 1327 Th Book of Samul Bzk has bn mntiond bfor in Judgs 1:4 7 whr th tribs of Judah and Simon fought against Adonai-bzk (aftr whom th city was possibly namd), dfating him and th Canaanits and th Prizzits. H was takn to Jrusalm and h did thr, implying that Bzk was probably nar Jrusalm. Howvr, thr is srious disagrmnt as to th xact location of this city, som placing it as far north as Manassh (and thr could b two Bzk s). ZPEB has mor 17 dtails, which w won t go into, as this is th last tim that w will har of this city. Th NIV Study Bibl tlls us simply that Bzk is north of Shchm, and just wst of th Joan, making it a 18 rasonabl distanc from Jabsh-gilad. Barns claims that Bzk is th nam of a district rathr than th nam of a city. This map was scannd from Th MacMillan Bibl Atlas; 3 Edition; Aharoni, Avi-Yonah, Rainy, and Safrai; MacMillan; 1993 by Carta; p. 71. You will no doubt not that this map tlls us what a hund wos could not. W s whr Saul is locatd; w s whr Nahash holds a thrat ovr th mn at Jabsh. And w s why Saul would gathr th troops up at Bzk. I wnt for th first 20 yars of my Christian yars without a dcnt Bibl atlas. That was a mistak. I much hav a much bttr undrstanding and apprciation for th vnts which took plac bcaus of owning Th MacMillan Bibl Atlas (among othr similar rsourcs). Rturn to Chaptr Outlin Rturn to th Chart and Map Indx 1Samul 11:8b Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs [pronouncd wah] and so, and thn, thn, and; so, that, yt, thrfor wâw conscutiv hâyâh ( ) [pronouncd haw-yaw] to b, is, was, ar; to bcom, to com into bing; to com to pass 3 prson masculin singular, Qal imprfct Strong's #1961 BDB #224 bânîym (. ) [pronouncd baw- NEEM] sons, dscndants; somtims rnd mn masculin plural construct Strong s #1121 BDB #119 Yis râ êl ( ) [pronouncd yis-raw- ALE] translitratd Isral masculin propr noun Strong s #3478 BDB # Th Zondrvan Pictorial Encyclopdia of th Bibl; Mrrill Tnny, d., Zondrvan Publishing Hous, 1976; Vol. 1, p Th NIV Study Bibl; 1995 by Th Zondrvan Corporation; p. 386.

43 1Samul Chaptr Samul 11:8b Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology shâlôsh ( ) [pronouncd shaw- LOHSH] a thr, a trio, a triad, a thrsom numral; masculin singular construct Numbrs Strong s #7969 BDB #1025 mê ôwth ( ) [pronouncd may-aw] hunds fminin plural absolut; numral Strong s #3967 BDB #547 lph ( ) pronouncd EH-lf] thousand, family, (500?); military unit masculin singular noun Strong s #505 (and #504) BDB #48 Translation:...and [thr] wr 300,000 mn of Isral... Th ky noun hr is th ubiquitous masculin singular noun lph ( ) [pronouncd EH-lf], which probably mans thousands. Howvr, I would not b surprisd if it turnd out to man 500 or rfr to an xtndd family. Robrt Goon suggsts that lph rfrs to a 19 military unit ; howvr, Isral is not a militaristic country. Thy did not hav a standing army. What thy ar, ar a bunch of Israli farmrs and ranchrs who hav shown up as pr Saul s rqust. Thrfor, this would not rfr 20 spcifically to a military unit. This givs us:...and th mn of Isral wr 300,000 [or, 's; or possibly, 300 xtndd familis]. 1Samul 11:8c Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs w (or v ) ( ) [pronouncd wh] and, vn, thn; namly; whn; sinc, that, so that; though simpl wâw conjunction BDB #251 nâsîym (. ) [pronouncd uh-nawsm]; also splld îyshîym (. ) [pronouncd -SHEEM] mn; inhabitants, citizns; companions; soldirs, followrs masculin plural construct Strong's #376 BDB #35 Y hûwdâh ( ) [pronouncd y hoo- DAW] possibly mans to prais, to b praisd; and is translitratd Judah masculin propr noun/location Strong s #3063 BDB #397 sh lôshîym (. ) [pronouncd sh low- SHEEM] thirty plural numral Strong s #7970 BDB #1026 lph ( ) pronouncd EH-lf] thousand, family, (500?); military unit masculin singular noun Strong s #505 (and #504) BDB #48 Translation:...and 30,000 mn of Judah. As always, th numbrs ar problmatic. An army of 330,000 mn sms hug. Evn half that amount (if lph mant 500) would b xcptionally larg. Th mn from 330 clans would b a mor rasonabl siz. As you hav no doubt noticd, th numbrs givn us in th Sptuagint ar much gratr: 600,000 for th numbr of mn of Isral and 70,000 for th mn from Judah. Kil and Dlitzsch 19 Robrt Goon, I & 2Samul A Commntary; Zondrvan Publishing Hous, Grand Rapids, MI; 1986; p Howvr, if w rfr to ths mn aftr Saul had dividd thm into companis, thn this wo might rfr to military units.

44 1329 Th Book of Samul instad xplain this as th numbr of popl who showd up, as Saul appa to hav calld all of th popl (h at last calld all of th mn). Th army would hav bn a subst of thos who showd up. In any cas, Saul gathrs all th abl-bodid mn of Isral and Judah. What is rmarkabl is th diffrnc in siz of th mn who ar snt. Howvr, if lph mans clans or familis, thn th actual numbrs would b lss disparat. Also bar in mind that 10 tribs com from th northrn ara (Isral) and 2 from th southrn ara (Judah and Simon). Also, not that thr is a diffrntiation btwn th tribs who cam from th south (Judah) and th tribs who cam from th tlls. This tlls us that thr was alrady som sort of sparation btwn ths aras vn prior to th monarchy. Rcall that I hav alrady thorizd that th Philistins drov a wdg btwn th northrn and southrn kingdoms whn thy took Shiloh. Edrshim rmarks: It was night whn Saul and th armd multitud which followd him brok up from Bzk. Littl did h know how wll th brav mn of Jabsh would rquit th srvic; how, whn on that disastrous day on Mount Gilboa h and his sons would fall in battl, and th victorious Philistins fastn thir dad bodis to th walls of Bthshan, ths brav mn of Jabsh would march all night and rscu th falln hros from xposur (1Sam. 31:8 13). Strang that Saul s first march should hav bn by night from Bthshan to Jabsh, th sam rout by which at th last thy carrid his dad body at night. 21 And so thy say to th mssngrs, th coming in ons, So you [all] will say to mn of Jabsh-gilad: Tomorrow is to you [all] dlivranc in a warming of th sun. And so cam th mssngrs and so thy dclar to mn of Jabsh and so thy rjoic. 1Samul 11:9 And thy said to th mssngrs who had com [to Gilad], So you will say to th mn of Jabsh-gilad: Tomorrow, you will hav dlivranc whn th sun is warm. So th mssngrs wnt and dcla [this] to th mn of Jabsh and thy rjoicd. Saul and his officrs said to th mssngrs, You will giv th following mssag vrbatim to th mn of Jabsh-gilad: You will b dliv from this crisis by this aftrnoon. Whn th mssngrs dcla this to th mn of Jabsh, th mn of Jabsh rjoicd. Hr is what othrs hav don with v. 9: Ancint txts: Dad Sa Scrolls Masortic Txt Sptuagint Significant diffrncs: [Thy said to th mssngrs who cam, Tll this to th popl of Jabsh-gilad: Tomorrow,] th Lo s dl[ivranc...] to you, thy will opn th [...]. And so thy say to th mssngrs, th coming in ons, So you [all] will say to mn of Jabsh-gilad: Tomorrow is to you [all] dlivranc in a warming of th sun. And so cam th mssngrs and so thy dclar to mn of Jabsh and so thy rjoic. And h said to th mssngrs that cam, Thus you will say to th mn of Jabis: Tomorrow, you will hav dlivranc, whn th sun is hot. And th mssngrs cam to th city and told th mn of Jabis, and thy rjoicd. No significant diffrncs, apart from numbr chang (thy say vs. h said). Th appars to b anothr lin in th Dad Sa Scrolls which is not found lswhr; howvr, thr is not nough of that lin rmaining in or to dtrmin what is bing said. 21 Alf Edrshim, Bibl History Old Tstamnt; 1995 by Hndrickson Publishrs, Inc.; p a 4QSam ; you will hav dlivranc MT and LXX. 2 3 a 4QSam has an ntir lin that is not in th MT or th LXX. Th vrs and footnots all ar takn from Th Dad Sa Scrolls Bibl; translation and commntary by Martin Abgg Jr., Ptr Flint and Eugn Ulrich; Harpr SF, 1999, p. 225.

45 1Samul Chaptr Thought-for-thought translations; paraphrass: CEV Th Mssag NAB REB Saul and his officrs snt th mssngrs back to Jabsh with this promis: W will rscu you tomorrow aftrnoon. Th mssngrs wnt back to th popl at Jabsh and told thm that thy wr going to b rscud. Evryon was ncouragd! Saul instructd th mssngrs, "Tll this to th folk in Jabsh Gilad: 'Hlp is on th way. Expct it by noon tomorrow.'" Th mssngrs st straight off and dliv thir mssag. Elatd, th popl of Jabsh Gilad... To th mssngrs who had com h said, Tll th inhabitants of Jabsh-gilad that tomorrow, whil th sun is hot, thy will b rscud. Th mssngrs cam a rportd this to th inhabitants of Jabsh, who wr jubilant,... H said to th mssngrs, Tll th mn of Jabsh-gilad, Victory will b yours tomorrow by th tim th sun is hot. Mostly litral rndrings (with som occasional paraphrasing): God s Wo JPS (Tanakh) Thy told th mssngrs who had com, This is what you ar to say to th mn of Jabsh Gilad: Tomorrow, by th tim th sun gts hot, you will b rscud. Whn th mn of Jabsh rcivd th mssag, thy wr ovrjoyd. Th mssngrs who had com wr told, Thus shall you spak to th mn of Jabsh-gilad: Tomorrow, whn th sun grows hot, you shall b savd. Whn th mssngrs cam and told this to th mn of Jabsh-gilad, thy rjoicd. Litral, almost wo-for-wo, rndrings: NASB Young's Updatd LT And thy said to th mssngrs who had com, Thus you shall say to th mn of Jabsh-gilad, Tomorrow, by th tim th sun is hot, you shall hav dlivranc. So th mssngrs wnt and told th mn of Jabsh; and thy wr glad. And thy say to th mssngrs who ar coming, Thus you do say to th mn of Jabsh-Gilad: Tomorrow you hav safty by th hat of th sun; and th mssngrs com and dclar to th mn of Jabsh, and thy rjoic;... What is th gist of this vrs? Th mssngrs ar snt back to Jabsh Gilad with th mssag that thy would b dliv by th lat aftrnoon th nxt day. 1Samul 11:9a Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs [pronouncd wah] and so, and thn, thn, and; so, that, yt, thrfor wâw conscutiv âmar ( ) [pronouncd aw-mahr] to say, to spak, to uttr; to say [to onslf], to think 3 prson masculin plural, Qal imprfct Strong s #559 BDB #55 24 In th Grk, this vrb is a 3 prson masculin singular. lâmd ( ) (pronouncd l ) to, for, towas, in rgas to dirctional/rlational prposition BDB # Surprisingly nough, Rothrham dos not point this out. Th translations which followd th Grk at this point ar th NAB. NJB, NEB, and REB. Not that th JPS gts around this controvrsy by simply putting th vrb into th passiv voic.

46 1331 Th Book of Samul 1Samul 11:9a Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs mal âk ( ) [pronouncd mahl - AWK ] mssngr or angl; this wo has bn usd for a propht (Isa. 42:19) and prist (Mal. 2:7) masculin plural noun with th dfinit articl Strong s #4397 BDB #521 bôw ( ) [pronouncd boh] th on ntring [coming, on going] [in]; h who ntrs [gos, coms (in)] masculin plural, Qal activ participl with th dfinit articl Strong s #935 BDB #97 Translation: And thy said to th mssngrs who had com [to Gilad],... As mntiond in th Hbrw xgsis, th LXX has a masculin singular vrb hr, which sms to mak th most sns, as w would xpct Saul to b th on making this promis. Howvr, sinc thr is no othr manuscript vidnc, apart from th 25 Sptuagint, to support this, w should considr that mayb th vrb should b in th plural. That would imply that this was not said ntirly by Saul, but that two or mor popl spok. My guss is that thr was som prompting or guidanc from Samul. Aftr all, w ar spaking of a futur vnt and Samul spcializs in futur vnts, bing a propht. Whr did Samul com from? you might ask. This is an assumption on my part, basd upon what Saul said in his mssag (...com out aftr Saul and aftr Samul...) and basd upon Samul bing mntiond in v. 14. His coming to Gibah and his guidanc to Saul at this point sm rasonabl vnts to b taking plac. What appars to b th cas is that ths mssngrs from Jabsh-gilad wr to b snt throughout all Isral (v. 3). Howvr, whn thy arrivd in Gibah, Saul and Samul told thm to tak a load off thir ft and, at that point, Saul possibly snt his own mssngrs throughout th land. W rally don t know which mssngrs wr snt throughout Isral; howvr, thy ndd to mov quickly, as thr was only 7 days to gathr up and army. It is unclar whthr thr ar othr mssngrs from Jabsh-gilad travling about, but that is a non-issu, as Saul has takn control at this point. H gathrs th mssngrs from Jabsh-gilad (who ar probably 2 3 mn), aftr th mn of Isral and Judah hav gath in Bzk, and Saul snds thm back to Jabsh with a mssag, th txt of which is th middl portion of this vrs. 1Samul 11:9b Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology kôh ( ) [pronouncd koh] so, thus, hr, hnc advrb Numbrs Strong s #3541 BDB #462 âmar ( ) [pronouncd aw-mahr] to say, to spak, to uttr; to say [to onslf], to think nd 2 prson masculin plural, Qal imprfct Strong s #559 BDB #55 lâmd ( ) (pronouncd l ) to, for, towas, in rgas to dirctional/rlational prposition BDB #510 îysh ( ) [pronouncd sh] a man, a husband; anyon; a crtain on; ach, ach on, vryon masculin singular construct Strong's #376 BDB #35 25 Notic that th plural rading in th Dad Sa Scrolls is in brackts; that mans that it is not rally in th Dad Sa Scrolls, but takn from th MT in or to fill in th translation.

47 1Samul Chaptr Samul 11:9b Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs Yâbêsh ( ) B [pronouncd yaw - VEYSH] to b dry, drid up, with; translitratd Jabsh cognat of vrb (Strong s #3001); acts as a propr noun Strong s #3003 BDB #386 Gal êd ( ) [pronouncd gahl - - AYD] witnss-pil, hill of witnss; and is translitratd Gilad propr noun; location Strong s #1567 BDB #165 Although som xgts trat this as on noun, Jabsh-gilad; I think th ida is that this is th city Jabsh in Gildan (sort of lik Boston, Massachustts). mâchâr ( ) [pronouncd maw- KHAWR] litrally, tomorrow; but figurativly can stand for in tim to com, in th futur, latr on, down th road (chronologically spaking) advrb of tim Strong s #4279 BDB #563 Translation:... So you will say to th mn of Jabsh-gilad:... Ths ar dfinitly th mssngrs which cam to Gibah from Jabsh and now Saul givs thm an assignd task. Accoing to Barns, Jabsh-gilad is roughly mils from Bzk, which is in kping with th map from MacMillan. 1Samul 11:9c Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs hâyâh ( ) [pronouncd haw-yaw] to b, is, was, ar; to bcom, to com into bing; to com to pass 3 prson fminin singular, Qal imprfct Strong's #1961 BDB #224 lâmd ( ) (pronouncd l ) to, for, towas, in rgas to dirctional/rlational prposition with th 2 nd prson masculin plural suffix BDB #510 t shûw âh ( ) [pronouncd t -shoo- AW] dlivranc, salvation fminin singular noun Strong s #8668 BDB #448 h b ( ) [pronouncd b ] in, into, through; at, by, nar, on, upon; with, bfor, against; by mans of; among; within a prposition of proximity Strong s #non BDB #88 Th infinitiv construct, whn combind with th bêyth prposition, can oftn tak on a tmporal maning and may b rnd whn [such and such happns]. It can srv as a tmporal markr that dnots an vnt which occurs simultanously with th action of th main vrb. 26 Barns Nots; 1Samul to Esthr; F. C. Cook, ditor; rprintd 1996 by Bakr Books; p. 27.

48 1333 Th Book of Samul 1Samul 11:9c Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs châmam ( ) [pronouncd khaw- MAHM] to b warm, to bcom warm Qal infinitiv construct Strong s #2552 BDB #328 shmsh ( ) [pronouncd SHEHmsh] sun fminin singular noun with th dfinit articl; pausal form Strong s #8121 BDB #1039 Translation:... Tomorrow, you will hav dlivranc whn th sun is warm. What th mssngrs ar to say to th mn of Jabsh is: Tomorrow, you will hav dlivranc whn th sun is warm... In short or, within 7 days, Saul had gath togthr an army of Isralit mn rady to advanc into Jabsh Gilad to dlivr ths mn. Saul anticipatd that thy would dstroy Nahash s army by midday nxt. Samul is barly alludd to hr, so that w do not know how much h plays a part in all of this. Was h bhind th scns ncouraging Saul, giving him mssags from God? Did h show up and simply watch Saul, his prsnc thr his only support? Or, dos Samul not vn show, and snd mssngrs aftr th battl to gathr at Gilgal (1Sam. 11:14)? W can only guss at this point; howvr, givn Saul s dpndnc upon Samul, all th way to th nd, it is rasonabl to suppos that Samul was providing spiritual support for Saul as wll as guidanc. 1Samul 11:9d Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs [pronouncd wah] and so, and thn, thn, and; so, that, yt, thrfor wâw conscutiv bôw ( ) [pronouncd boh] to com in, to com, to go in, to go, to ntr 3 prson masculin plural, Qal imprfct Strong s #935 BDB #97 mal âk ( ) [pronouncd mahl - AWK ] mssngr or angl; this wo has bn usd for a propht (Isa. 42:19) and prist (Mal. 2:7) masculin plural noun with th dfinit articl Strong s #4397 BDB #521 [pronouncd wah] and so, and thn, thn, and; so, that, yt, thrfor wâw conscutiv nâgad ( ) [pronouncd naw- GAHD] to mak conspicuous, to mak known, to xpound, to xplain, to dclar, to inform, to confss, to mak it pitifully obvious that 3 prson masculin plural, Hiphil imprfct Strong's #5046 BDB #616 lâmd ( ) (pronouncd l ) to, for, towas, in rgas to dirctional/rlational prposition BDB #510 nâsîym (. ) [pronouncd uh-nawsm]; also splld îyshîym (. ) [pronouncd -SHEEM] mn; inhabitants, citizns; companions; soldirs, followrs masculin plural construct Strong's #376 BDB #35

49 1Samul Chaptr Samul 11:9d Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs Yâbêsh ( ) B [pronouncd yaw - VEYSH] to b dry, drid up, with; translitratd Jabsh cognat of vrb (Strong s #3001); acts as a propr noun Strong s #3003 BDB #386 Translation: So th mssngrs wnt and dcla [this] to th mn of Jabsh... Nahash and his troops wr probably poisd outsid th city of Jabsh, survying th situation, savoring th far of th Isralits. Thy may hav bn surprisd to s ths mssngrs rturn, xpcting thm to hav gon to Isral and thn rmain thr. It is mor likly that thy did not s th mssngrs rturn as wll; th mssngrs may hav gon bfor Saul and his army, and prcdd thm by only a fw hours that night. Thy may hav com into Jabsh th night bfor. At this point, surpris is important; in fact, surpris and th unxpctd ar always important in th art of war. Thrfor, w may rasonably assum that ths wr factors in Saul s attack, which would suggst that th rturn of th mssngrs was scrtiv. 1Samul 11:9 Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs [pronouncd wah] and so, and thn, thn, and; so, that, yt, thrfor wâw conscutiv sâmach ( ) [pronouncd saw- MAHKH] to rjoic, to b glad, to b joyful, to b mrry 3 prson masculin plural, Qal imprfct; pausal form Strong s #8055 BDB #970 Translation:...and thy rjoicd. This givs us: Thn th mssngrs cam and dcla to th mn of Jabsh and thy rjoicd. That prvious night, th mn of Jabsh wr in a hoplss situation. A monstr of a man was outsid th city of Jabsh rady to drill out ach man s y and thn mak him a slav. Th mn of Isral had com from a priod of tim (th tim of th judgs) whr thy was subjct to forign king aftr forign king that abusd thm. This particular instanc appa to b on of th gratst potntial abuss in thir history. Th rlif that thy flt that an army was coming to dlivr thm must hav bn an amazing fling. Whn w com to th nd of Saul s lif, and th mn of Jabsh risk thir livs in or to rmov his corps from public humiliation, rmmbr back to this chaptr to xplain why thy would b willing to do such a thing. And so says mn of Jabsh [to Nahash and th Ammonits], Tomorrow, w will com out unto you [all] and so you hav don to us all th good in your ys. 1Samul 11:10 Thn th mn of Jabsh said [to Nahash], W will surrndr [lit., com out] to you tomorrow and you may do to us all [that is] right in your ys. Thn th mn of Jabsh wnt to Nahash and his mn and said, Tomorrow, w will surrndr to you and you may do to us whatvr you think is right. This is how othrs hav handld this vrs: Ancint txts: Masortic Txt And so says mn of Jabsh [to Nahash and th Ammonits], Tomorrow, w will com out unto you [all] and so you hav don to us all th good in your ys.

50 1335 Th Book of Samul Sptuagint Significant diffrncs: And th mn of Jabis said to Naas th Ammanit, Tomorrow, w will com out to you, and you will do to us what sms good in your sight. Th Hbrw, Syriac and Latin do not tll us to whom th mn of Jabsh ar spaking. W may assum that thy hav snt a small dlgation to Nahash. Thought-for-thought translations; paraphrass: Th Mssag NLT...snt wo to Nahash: "Tomorrow w'll giv ourslvs up. You can dal with us on your trms." Th mn of Jabsh thn told thir nmis, Tomorrow w will com out to you, and you can do to us as you wish. Mostly litral rndrings (with som occasional paraphrasing): God s Wo JPS (Tanakh) Thy said [to Nahash], Tomorrow w ll surrndr to you, and you may do to us whatvr you think is right. Th mn of Jabsh thn told [th Ammonits], Tomorrow w will surrndr to you, and you can do to us whatvr you plas. Litral, almost wo-for-wo, rndrings: NASB Own's Translation Young's Updatd LT Thn th mn of Jabsh said, Tomorrow w will com out to you, and you may do to us whatvr sms good to you [lit., in your sight]. Thrfor said th mn of Jabsh, Tomorrow w will giv ourslvs up to you and you may do to us whatvr sms good in your ys....and th mn of Jabsh say to th Ammonits, Tomorrow w com out unto you, and you hav don to us accoing to all that is good in your ys. What is th gist of this vrs? A dlgation of mn from Jabsh go to Nahash and tll him that thy would com out to mt him th nxt day and that h should do whatvr sms right to thm in his own stimation. 1Samul 11:10a Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs [pronouncd wah] and so, and thn, thn, and; so, that, yt, thrfor wâw conscutiv âmar ( ) [pronouncd aw-mahr] to say, to spak, to uttr; to say [to onslf], to think 3 prson masculin plural, Qal imprfct Strong s #559 BDB #55 Only th Sptuagint tlls us that thy ar spaking to Nahash th Ammonit (which sms logical). nâsîym (. ) [pronouncd uh-nawsm]; also splld îyshîym (. ) [pronouncd -SHEEM] mn; inhabitants, citizns; companions; soldirs, followrs masculin plural construct Strong's #376 BDB #35 Yâbêsh ( ) B [pronouncd yaw - VEYSH] to b dry, drid up, with; translitratd Jabsh cognat of vrb (Strong s #3001); acts as a propr noun Strong s #3003 BDB #386

51 1Samul Chaptr Translation: Thn th mn of Jabsh said [to Nahash],... You will not that th Sptuagint and svral othr vrsions hav th mn of Jabsh spaking to Nahash or to th Ammonits in gnral. Howvr, w do not find this in th Hbrw, although crtainly, th man that thy spok to was Jabsh (or on of his rprsntativs). My thinking is, just lik w find to th JPS, th NLT and vn in Young s Litral Translation, th Sptuagint chos to add Naas th Ammanit, vn though it probably was not found in thir own Hbrw Bibls. It just mad mor sns to thm to indicat to whom this was bing spokn. It is rasonabl to suppos a small dlgation or two or thr mn wnt from Jabsh to th camp of Nahash and his army and spok to him. 1Samul 11:10b Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs mâchâr ( ) [pronouncd maw- KHAWR] litrally, tomorrow; but figurativly can stand for in tim to com, in th futur, latr on, down th road (chronologically spaking) advrb of tim Strong s #4279 BDB #563 yâtsâ ( ) [pronouncd yaw- TZAWH] to go out, to com out, to com [go] forth; to ris; to flow, to gush up [out]; [of mony:] to b xpndd, laid out, spnt; promulgatd; outgoing [nd of a tim priod] st 1 prson plural, Qal imprfct Strong's #3318 BDB #422 l ( ) [pronouncd l] unto, in, into, towa, to, rgaing, against dirctional prposition (rspct or dfrnc may b implid) with th nd 2 prson masculin plural suffix Strong's #413 BDB #39 st Translation:... W will surrndr [lit., com out] to you tomorrow... Th vrb found hr is th 1 prson plural, Qal imprfct of yâtsâ again ( ) [pronouncd yaw-tzawh]. As bfor, yâtsâ mans to go out, to com out, to com forth. It rally dos not man to surrndr, although Nahash may hav undrstood it in that way. This would b proprly translatd: Tomorrow, w will com out to you... Thy hav chosn languag which Nahash will undrstand in on way, but thy will man in anothr. Ths mn of Jabsh would com out to Nahash th nxt day; h would xpct thm to com out in dfat, and thy plan to com out to him to do battl (along sid Saul s army). 1Samul 11:10c Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs w (or v ) ( ) [pronouncd wh] and, vn, thn; namly; whn; sinc, that, so that; though simpl wâw conjunction BDB #251 âsâh ( ) [pronouncd aw- SAWH] to do, to mak, to construct, to fashion, to form, to prpar nd 2 prson masculin plural, Qal prfct Strong's #6213 BDB #793 lâmd ( ) (pronouncd l ) to, for, towas, in rgas to dirctional/rlational prposition with th 1 st prson plural suffix BDB #510

52 1337 Th Book of Samul 1Samul 11:10c Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs kaph or k ( ) [pronouncd k ] lik, as, accoing to; about, approximatly prposition BDB #453 kôl ( ) [pronouncd kohl] th whol, all of, th ntirty of, all; can also b rnd any of K kôl ( ) appar to man accoing to all, just as all, xactly as all. masculin singular construct followd by a dfinit articl Strong s #3605 BDB #481 ôwb ( ) [pronouncd b toh v] plasant, plasing, agrabl, good, bttr; approvd masculin fminin singular adjctiv which can act lik a substantiv; with th dfinit articl Strong s #2896 BDB #373 h b ( ) [pronouncd b ] in, into, through; at, by, nar, on, upon; with, bfor, against; by mans of; among; within a prposition of proximity Strong s #non BDB #88 ayin ( ) [pronouncd AH-yin] spring, fountain; y, spiritual ys fminin plural noun with nd th 2 prson masculin plural suffix Strong s #5869 (and #5871) BDB #744 Translation:...and you may do to us all [that is] right in your ys. Or,...and you will do all th good in your ys. As you hav noticd in othr translations, som wnt with somthing along th lins of whatvr you bliv is right. Th mn of Jabsh wr no doubt at th nd of thir 7 days, and thy obviously misld thir nmis hr in or to catch thm off gua (th Ammonits would not b xpcting a battl). It is intrsting it appars almost as if Nahash is bing mrciful hr and that th mn of Jabsh ar bing undrhandd, but that is not rally th cas. Nahash is crtainly going to push furthr wst and attack mor of Isral. It is bttr for him that his rputation prcds him. H wants to strik far in th harts of Isral. So far, h has dfatd all of astrn Isral, with th xcption of ths mn who hav gath in Jabsh for thir last stand. Nahash is not bing mrciful; h still plans to put out thir right ys. H simply dos not xpct a fight from th rst of Isral. H knows thy hav no king, no standing army, and h knows that no on cam into astrn Isral to hlp out Gad and Rubn. So, giving ths mn an xtra svn days is simply mor tim for him to savor thir far and apprhnsion. Th mn of Jabsh do not li to Nahash. Thy do not actually say that thy ar going to surrndr to him; thy simply say, W will com out to you tomorrow and you may do what you think is right. Nahash, bcaus h has blindrs on, hars what h wants to har. And so h was from th morrow and so puts Saul th popl thr companis and so thy com in a midst of th camp in a watch of th morning and so thy strik Ammon as far as a warming of th day and so it was th rmaining ons and so thy disprsd and non thy rmaind in thm two togthr. 1Samul 11:11 And it was on th nxt day that Saul dividd [lit., placd] th popl [into] thr dtachmnts. Thy advancd into th midst of th camp [of Ammon] during th morning watch, and thy struck down [th sons of] Ammon until th hat of th day so that it was th rmaining ons scatt so that no two of thm rmaind togthr.

53 1Samul Chaptr Saul dividd his mn into thr dtachmnts and ld thm that morning into th middl of Ammon s camp. Thn thy cut down th mn of Ammon from morning until th arly aftrnoon. Non of thos who scapd did so as a group. Hr s what othrs hav don with this vrs: Ancint txts: Masortic Txt Sptuagint Significant diffrncs: And so h was from th morrow and so puts Saul th popl thr companis and so thy com in a midst of th camp in a watch of th morning and so thy strik Ammon as far as a warming of th day and so it was th rmaining ons and so thy disprsd and non thy rmaind in thm two togthr. And it cam to pass on th morrow, that Saul dividd th popl into thr companis, and thy wnt into th midst of th camp in th morning watch, and thy struck th sons of Ammon until th day was hot; and it cam to pass that thos who wr lft wr scatt, and thr wr not lft among thm two togthr. No significant diffrncs; thr is an additional connctiv in th Hbrw which is not found in any othr ancint vrsion. Thought-for-thought translations; paraphrass: NAB On th appointd day, Saul arrangd his troops in thr companis and invadd th camp during th dawn watch. Thy slaught Ammonits until th hat of th day; by thn th survivors wr so scatt that no two wr lft togthr. Mostly litral rndrings (with som occasional paraphrasing): JPS (Tanakh) Th nxt day, Saul dividd th troops into thr columns; at th morning watch thy nt th camp and struck down th Ammonits until th day grw hot. Th survivors scatt; no two wr lft togthr. Litral, almost wo-for-wo, rndrings: NASB Young's Updatd LT And it happnd th nxt morning that Saul put th popl in thr companis; and thy cam into th midst of th camp at th morning watch, and struck down th Ammonits until th hat of th day. And it cam about that thos who survivd wr scatt, so that no two of thm wr lft togthr. And it coms to pass, on th morrow, that Saul puts th popl in thr dtachmnts, and thy com into th midst of th camp in th morning watch, and strik Ammon till th hat of th day; and it coms to pass that thos lft ar scatt, and thr hav not bn lft of thm two togthr. What is th gist of this vrs? Saul sparats his army into thr companis and attacks in such a way as to scattr his opponnts thos that h dos not kill at first. 1Samul 11:11a Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs [pronouncd wah] and so, and thn, thn, and; so, that, yt, thrfor wâw conscutiv

54 1339 Th Book of Samul 1Samul 11:11a Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs hâyâh ( ) [pronouncd haw-yaw] to b, is, was, ar; to bcom, to com into bing; to com to pass 3 prson masculin singular, Qal imprfct Strong's #1961 BDB #224 min ( ) [pronouncd min] from, away from, out from, out of from, off, on account of prposition of sparation Strong's #4480 BDB #577 mâch râth ( ) [pronouncd maw-chuh- RAWTH] th morrow (th day following a past day), th nxt day, th following day fminin singular noun/advrb Strong s #4283 BDB #564 An oddball thing hr is that w hav a short Qâmats, which looks xactly lik a Qâmats to m. This lttr is mntiond in Strong s and th o pronunciation is found in both Strong s and in Th Nw Englishman s Concoanc; howvr, this must b a rarity, as I don t find it in Mansoors s Hbrw nor is thr a diffrnt, short Qâmats listd on th WoPrfct kyboa. As a rsult, th pronunciation which I hav givn this wo dos not match that found in Strong s (which offrs up mokh-or-aw-thawm' instad). With th min prposition, mâch râth mans on th morrow, on th nxt day. Translation: And it was on th nxt day... You will not how much agrmnt that w hav btwn th Sptuagint s account and Young s translation. That would indicat to us that w hav an xcllnt rndring of this vrs. Notic that thr is no agrmnt hr with th vrb, as thy ar not togthr. Hr, to b mans that w ar daling with somthing which coms to pass. Th vrb to b is oftn put in a diffrnt gndr than th surrounding nouns in or to stand by itslf and not b attachd to any narby noun. 1Samul 11:11b Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs [pronouncd wah] and so, and thn, thn, and; so, that, yt, thrfor wâw conscutiv sîym ( ) [pronouncd sm]; also splld sûwm ( ) [pronouncd soom] to put, to plac, to st; to mak; to appoint 3 prson masculin singular, Qal imprfct Strong's #7760 BDB #962 Shâ ûwl ( ) [pronouncd shaw-ool] which is translitratd Saul; it mans askd for masculin propr noun Strong s #7586 BDB #982 êth ( ) [pronouncd ayth] gnrally untranslatd; occasionally to, towa indicats that th following substantiv is a dirct objct Strong's #853 BDB #84 am ( ) [pronouncd ahm] popl; rac, trib; family, rlativs; citizns, common popl; companions, srvants; ntir human rac; h [of animals] masculin singular collctiv noun with th dfinit articl Strong s #5971 BDB #766

55 1Samul Chaptr Samul 11:11b Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology sh lôshâh ( ) [pronouncd shiloh- SHAW] rô sh ( ) [pronouncd rohsh] a thr, a trio, a triad, a thrsom had, top, chif, front, choicst fminin numral noun masculin plural noun Numbrs Strong s #7969 BDB #1025 Strong's #7218 BDB #910 Translation:...that Saul dividd [lit., placd] th popl [into] thr dtachmnts. Th final noun in this portion of th vrs is th masculin plural noun rô sh ( ) [pronouncd rosh], which mans had, top, chif, front, choicst. In th plural, rô sh can man divisions of an army, dtachmnts, companis, bands. This givs us: So it cam about on th nxt day that Saul put th popl into thr dtachmnts... Whn it coms to th actual fight, w ar givn all of th dtails in just this on vrs. Evrything ls in this chaptr ar th vnts lading up to this battl and th things which followd. Although w ar crtainly not told vrything that occur, th fact that Saul sparatd his mn into thr dtachmnts tlls us that thr wr tactics and organization involvd in this victory. Saul is ld by th Holy Spirit (as w s in v. 6). Howvr, h dos not lad his mn out and just tll thm to gt aftr it. Undr th influnc of th Holy Spirit, Saul actually organizs thm, obviously xhibits ladrship skills, and h shows som undrstanding of th scinc of battl tactics. It is possibl that Saul is following, to som xtnt, th tactics of Gidon, who also brok his mn up into thr companis (Judgs 7:20). Saul had a lot of mn to dal with; sparating thm into thr companis mant that thy could Somtims, thr is no substitut for a map. This shows th advanc of Saul as wll as th movmnt of Nahash, th Ammonit. This was takn from Th MacMillan Bibl Atlas; 3 Edition; Aharoni, Avi-Yonah, Rainy, and Safrai; MacMillan; 1993 by Carta; p. 70. strik th camp of th Ammonits on thr sids and nvlop thm. Thr would b no way for th Ammonits to run. th By th way, my assumption would b that th mn of Jabsh would hav formd a 4 company, and to th Ammonits would hav bn hit from all sids. This would xplain how thy could b so scatt by this battl that no two mn scapd togthr.