Judges 5. Outline of Chapter 5:

Transcription

1 Judgs 5 Judgs 5:1 31 Th Song of Dborah and Barak Outlin of Chaptr 5: vv. 1 3 Introduction/Rcipints of Psalm vv. 4 5 God s Powr in Isral s March is Mad Manifst at th Battl of Barak and Sisra vv Dborah stablishs tim and plac vv Th tribs which participatd in battl and th tribs which did not Th Tribs that Participatd Th Tribs that did not Participat Th Tru Hros of this Tim vv Th battl btwn Isral and th Canaanits vv Jal kills Sisra vv Sisra s mothr anxiously awaits hr son v. 31a b Coda v. 31c Th Rsult of Dborah and Barak s Victory Charts, Maps and Short Doctrins: Introduction Psalms and Songs Scatt Throughout Scriptur Introduction Kil and Dlitzsch s Outlin of Judgs 5 Introduction Matthw Hnry s Outlin of Judgs 5 v. 3 God Spaks to Forign Unblivrs during th Ag of Isral v. 4 Divin Guidanc v. 4 A Summary Int rpr tation of Judg s 5:4 v. 5 Th Paralll Passags v. 6 Matthw Hnry s List of What Isral s Opprssion Consistd Of v. 7 Th Po tic Natur of Judg s 5:7 v. 8 Thoris as to Why was Isral Unarmd v. 10 A Summary of th Doctrin of Sîyach v. 11 How is Châtsats Gnrally Translatd? v. 12 What it Mans Whn a Prson is Told to Wak up or to Ris up v. 12 If Sisra s Army is Dstroyd, Who is Ld Away Captiv? v. 12 Th Trip from Judg s 5:12 to Eph sians 4:8 v. 12 Who Sings What in Dborah s Song? v. 12 Dr. Knnicott s Division of Vocals v. 13 Th Playrs Namd in Judgs 5:13 v. 14 A List of Problms with th First Phras of Judgs 5:14 V. 14 Various Commntators Explain Judgs 5:14a v. 14 Douglas MacArthur on Citizn-Soldirs v. 14 A Map of Northrn Isral v. 15 Hbrw Potry (as Opposd to Pros) v. 17 A Summary of th Tribs who Faild v. 17 Othr Commntators Discuss th Tribs who Did not Hlp v.. 19 Isral s War Against th Canaanits was not Compltd in on Battl v. 19 A Summary of th Doctrin of Mgiddo v. 20 Th Stars Fight from Havn Various Intrprtations

2 Judgs Chaptr v. 23 Whr is Mroz? Various Thoris v. 24 Why w Know God Blsss Jal v. 24 Gislr and How s Viw of Jal v. 25 What Jal Srvd Sisra v. 25 Th Circumstancs bhind Sisra Dsrving to b Killd v. 27 Th Chronology of Sisra s Dath v. 31a God and His Enmis as found in th Psalms v. 31b Th Sun as found in Scriptur v. 31b Hathn Worship of th Sun as found in Scriptur v. 31c Summation of Judgs 5 by Nw Analytical Chronicls v. 31c A Complt Translation of Judgs 5 Doctrins Cov Doctrins Alludd To Th Hbrw Wo Sîyach Mgiddo Days Angl of th Lo Introduction: Judgs 5 is a rpat of Judgs 4, xcpt from Dborah s potic point of viw. You will rcall that in th last chaptr, my ducatd guss is that Dborah wrot most of it, although it is a tough call whthr th final vrsion was a rsult of xcptional diting on th part of somon lik Samul, or whthr sh wrot th ntir chaptr, insrting th standa languag at th bginning. You will rcall that th transition from th introduction to hr xprinc was prtty much samlss. What w found in th book of Gnsis wr many gnrations of mn who wr xamind, som closly, som just by family lin. Throughout this book, w found th similar phrasing, And ths ar th gnrations of... Whthr this was th work of an ditor, who picd this information togthr at a latr dat, or whthr blivrs inspi by God th Holy Spirit, wrot ths wos in or to hold th book togthr, is a mattr of dbat (and, of cours, thr ar othr opinions). Similarly, w hav a pattrn in this book. Isral sins, is placd undr outsid control; calls out to God, God hars, God snds thm a dlivrr, th dlivrr savs thm, th country has rst; and thy fall into apostasy again. As w hav discussd bfor, th languag is vry similar throughout although not prcisly so. W hav th two most likly options: ithr a latr ditor,.g., Samul picd all of this togthr latr, and includd this languag; or, blivrs, inspi by God th Holy Spirit, wrot ths wos vn following th pattrn of what cam bfor. This chaptr is somwhat of a parnthsis or an intrlud to this pattrn. Howvr, thr ar things in this chaptr which hlp to xplain God s viw of what happnd in th prvious chaptr. Rcall, on of th grat dbats of th prvious chaptr is Jal is sh this lying, dcptiv bitch who just happnd to do God s will; or is sh a woman to b hono throughout history for hr dds? In this chaptr, Dborah and Barak sing, and it is rasonabl to suppos that sh wrot th song. Barak was fairly good at taking ors and h did hav th ability to lad a larg group of Isralits (which is no small fat); howvr, fw of thm probably ralizd that it was Dborah who was running th show. Th writr of this song is quit clar in v. 7, w hav th us of th first prson in rfrnc to Dborah, so Dborah wrot this song. Thr ar svral songs and psalms found within th narrativ portions of Scriptur listd blow:

3 Th Book of th Judgs 707 Psalms and Songs Scatt Throughout Scriptur Scriptur Author Dscription Ex. 15:1 19 Moss God is victorious ovr Egypt and drowns th Egyptian army in th sa; th popls of Canaan bcom farful as th Jws draw nar to thm. Ex. 15:21 Miriam Miriam praiss God for His dstruction of th Egyptian army. Dut. 32 Moss God is a grat and just God; Isral is unfaithful and God disciplins Isral; God s compassion for a humbld Isral. Dut. 33 Moss Moss blsss th 12 tribs of Isral and thn Isral as a whol. Judgs 5 Dborah Th victory of Isral ovr Canaan is clbratd in this song. 1Sam. 2:1 11 2Sam. 22 Hannah David Hannah praiss God. Th occasion is th birth of hr son Samul, whn sh blivd hrslf to b barrn. This psalm clbrats God dlivring David from his nmis and from Saul. God dlivrs and God avngs. 2Sam. 23:1 7 David David s last song; God s covnant with Isral and with David. Luk 1:46 55 Mary God s mrcy in His provision of a Son through Mary. Givn that all of ths psalms and songs xprss divin viwpoint, I think it would b rasonabl to assum that what w find hr is not simply a song which Dborah flt lik sh had to writ, but a song which rlatsgod viwpoint to us as wll. Rturn to Chaptr Outlin Rturn to Charts, Maps and Short Doctrins Now, Judgs 5 is potic, making it diffrnt all of th rst of th book of th Judgs. Bcaus it is potic, w hav to b carful about bing too litral, and, at th sam tim, kp from bing too out thr. Lt m giv you a good xplanation is to limitations. Th analogy of Moss and Joshua and lading th childrn of Isral into th land and Jsus Christ bing abl to do what th Law cannot do, is a marvlous analogy. Th vnts of th livs of Moss and Joshua ar historical vnts; howvr, w hav sn in many instancs, God s plan put into motion grat historical vnts which shadowd His salvation which was to com (.g., Abraham and th sacrificial offring of his son Isaac). Howvr, to tak th book of Joshua and start spaking about how th Isralits walking through th Joan was a kind of baptism fortlling of th watr baptism to com that s wi. Popl who clbrat baptism as som grat cntral point of Christian doctrin ar confusd and oftn vry lgalistic, although thy don t raliz it (and, many tims, not vn savd). That an analogy could b drawn? Crtainly, I will grant anyon that. That th point of th analogy is th importanc of watr baptism? No, that misss th point ntirly. God did not hav Joshua cross ovr th Joan so that w would b forvr rmindd how important watr baptism is. H and th popl of Isral crossd ovr dry-shod; thy wr not immrsd. W as blivrs ar all baptizd into th body of Christ, and that is a ral baptism, not a symbolic baptism, and thr is no watr involvd. If w want to draw som analogis, thn what w should compar ar things which ar important, lik bing baptizd into Christ, rathr than things which ar divisiv, symbolic and non-ssntial, lik watr baptism. Although this is not th tim nor th plac for it, at som tim w will nd to xamin th doctrin of baptisms. On of th ngativs (to som popl) about potry, is that it will rquir a fully analysis of th original languag than simpl narrativ would. Thr will b dozns of wos which ar found in this chaptr and this chaptr alon. At tims, w can find som cognats in or to bttr dtrmin th maning; howvr, thr ar tims w will hav to mak rasonabl gusss (of cours, basd upon th work of Gsnius and BDB).

4 Judgs Chaptr Onc w hav a rasonabl translation, thn w hav to dtrmin just what th hck dos Dborah man by that. Evn though this will b tough sldding at tims, particularly for thos of you who grimac whn w gt into th Hbrw, lt m rassur you that by th tim w ar don, you will undrstand almost vry dtail of this chaptr. Furthrmor, you will hav a full, graphic dscription of what transpi whn Sisra was killd. T h r is also th intrsting phnomnon of rptition in this chaptr. That is, crtain phrass will b rpat d onc or twic; or Dborah will mak a slight chang hr or thr, and rpat som wos wos found nowhr ls but in this chaptr of Judgs. Ths various ccntricitis of th languag hr tll us a numbr of things: th author of th book of Judgs did not writ this psalm; it is possibl that th prson who wrot this psalm had a vry rgionalizd languag that is, Dborah spok in a slightly diffrnt fashion than most of th writrs of Scriptur. Finally, th languag of this psalm givs grat cnc to th ida that this was writtn by a diffrnt author; and it also givs us grat insight as to Jwish potry. Th Bibl is a hll of a long book. Somtims, whn rading through in som translation, don by th sam handful of mn, w don t rally notic a diffrnc in styl; howvr, w hav a markd diffrnc in styl and vocabulary in this chaptr which just jumps out at you in th Hbrw. On of th nic things about th Bibl is, w do not find a rptitiv styl of writing throughout, but thr ar a varity of styls and approachs, which maks rading Scriptur and xgting it mor ntrtaining. Had on man or a handful of mn writtn th Bibl, w would find it to b a vry boring book indd. On of my own prsonal waknsss as a tachr is that I hav a tndncy towa sarcasm. Whn I com across potry lik this, I fl somwhat vindicatd, howvr. Thr ar placs in this chaptr whr Dborah will b xtrmly sarcastic and dmaning towa thos tribs who did not participat in th war against th Canaanits. Now, thr ar a lot of things which ar compltly missd by th casual radr, and vn by th carful xgt in this chaptr. Potry is difficult for anyon. Whn it coms to vrss 15 16, Dborah is bing bitingly sarcastic. Howvr, I dfy you to find commntary on which catchs this and points it out. Now, what might b important to bar in mind is that this is an pic pom which is not st in any sort of chronological or. Vv. 2 3 ar somwhat of an introduction; vv. 4 5 looks back to God s powr as dmonstratd on Mount Sinai; and vv giv an ovrviw of th ntir campaign against Canaan. In this ovrviw, w go from th lif that Isral was forcd to lad whil undr th thumb of th Canaanits (thy wr both disarmd and wr subj c t to rstrictd movmnt). Although w do not hav a clar proclamation of victory, Dborah, th author, praiss thos who volunt to fight and indicats in vv that a grat dbt is owd thos who fought for th fom of Isral. Thn, in vv , Dborah spaks of thos who participatd and thos who did not participat in th war against th Canaanits (this would rally b subsqunt to th battl against Sisra). Thn sh gos back in tim and spaks spcifically of th battl against Sisra, th assassination of Sisra, and th pining away of Sisra s mothr for him (vv ). In othr wos, thr is vry littl concpt of chronology in this pic pom. Lt m add in an outlin hr from anothr xgt: I. It bgins with prais to God (Judgs 5:2 3). Matthw Hnry s Outlin of Judgs 5

5 Th Book of th Judgs 709 Matthw Hnry s Outlin of Judgs 5 II. Th substanc of this song transmits th mmory of this grat achivmnt. 1. Comparing God's apparancs for thm on this occasion with his apparancs to thm on Mount Sinai (Judgs 5:4 5). 2. Magnifying thir dlivranc from th considration of th calamitous condition thy had bn in (Judgs 5:6 8). 3. Calling thos to join in prais that sha in th bnfits of th succss (Judgs 5:9 13). 4. Rflcting honour upon thos tribs that wr forwa and activ in that war, and disgrac on thos that dclind th srvic (Judgs 5:14 19, Judgs 5:23). 5. Taking notic how God himslf fought for thm (Judgs 5:20 22). 6. Clbrating particularly th honour of Jal, that slw Sisra, on which had th song is vry larg (Judgs 5:24 30). 1 III. It concluds with a prayr to God (Judgs 5:31). It is kind of intrsting how outlins can vary so much. Rturn to Chaptr Outlin Charts, Maps and Short Doctrins Kil and Dlitzsch ssntially st up somwhat of an outlin, which I will duplicat with an appropriat chang of form: Kil and Dlitzsch s Outlin of Judgs 5 I. Introduction: a gnral summons to prais th Lo for th courag with which th popl ros up to right against thir fos (vv. 1 2) II. Dborah th singr dilats in th first sction (vv. 3 12) A. Glorious tims whn Isral was xaltd to b th nation of th Lo (vv. 3 5) B. Th disgracful dclin of th nation in th mor rcnt tims (vv. 6 8) C. Th joyful turn of affairs which followd hr apparanc (vv. 9 11) III. A livly pictur of conflict and victory (vv ) A. A frsh summons to rjoic in thir victory (v. 12) B. Th mighty gathring of th brav to battl (vv a) C. Th cowaic of thos who stayd away from th battl and th bravry with which th bravr warriors riskd thir livs in th battl (vv. 15b 18) D. Th succssful rsult of th conflict (vv ) IV. An account of th glorious issu of th battl and th victory (vv ) A. A brif notic of th flight and pursuit of th for (vv ) B. A commmoration of th slaying of Sisra by Jal (vv ) C. A scornful dscription of th disappointmnt of Sisra s mothr, who was counting upon a larg 2 arrival of booty (vv ). D. This song thn closs with th hop, foundd upon this victory, that all th nmis of th Lo 3 might prish, and Isral incras in strngth (v. 31). Rturn to Chaptr Outlin Charts, Maps and Short Doctrins Introduction/Rcipints of Psalm 1 Matthw Hnry, Commntary on th Whol Bibl; from -Swo, Judgs 5 introduction. 2 Not that kind of booty, you frak. 3 Kil & Dlitzsch s Commntary on th Old Tstamnt; 1966 Hndrickson Publishrs, Inc.; Vol. II, p. 223.

6 Judgs Chaptr Slavishly litral: And so sang Dborah and Barak bn Abinoam in th day th that, to say: Judgs 5:1 Modratly litral: So Dborah and Barak bn Abinoam sang, in that day, saying: So, in that day, D borah and Barak, th son of Abinoam, sang: Hr is how othrs hav translatd this vrs: Ancint txts: Masortic Txt Sptuagint Significant diffrncs: And so sang Dborah and Barak bn Abinoam in th day th that, to say:... And Dbbora and Barac son of Abinm sang in that day, saying,... Non. Thought-for-thought translations; paraphrass: CEV Aftr th battl was ovr that day, Dborah and Barak sang this song:... Mostly litral rndrings (with som occasional paraphrasing): God s Wo On that day Dborah and Barak, son of Abinoam, sang this song:... HCSB On that day Dborah and Barak son of Abinoam sang:... Litral, almost wo-for-wo, rndrings: ESV Thn sang Dborah and Barak th son of Abinoam on that day:... Young s Updatd LT And Dborah sings also Barak son of Abinoam on that day, saying:. What is th gist of this vrs? Dborah and Barak both sing th following song. Judgs 5:1 Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs wa (or va) ( åç) [pronouncd wah] and so, and thn, thn, and; so, that, yt, thrfor wâw conscutiv No Strong s # BDB #253 shîyr (øé ò ) [pronouncd shr] to sing 3 prson fminin singular, Qal imprfct Strong s #7891 BDB #1010 D bôwrâh (ä ø È á ) b Ó [pronouncd d -voh- RAW], b; translitratd Dborah fminin singular noun Strong s #1683 BDB #184 w (or v ) (å) [pronouncd wh] and, vn, thn; namly; whn; sinc, that; though simpl wâw conjunction No Strong s # BDB #251 Bârâq ( øè È ) [pronouncd baw- RAWK] lightning, lightning flash; translitratd Barak masculin singular, propr noun Strong s #1301 BDB #140

7 Th Book of th Judgs 711 Judgs 5:1 Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs bên (ï Å ) [pronouncd ban] son, dscndant masculin singular construct Strong s #1121 BDB #119 Ã bîynô am (íò Éðé á. àâ ) b - [pronouncd u -v-noh- ÌAHM] my fathr is a dlight; fathr of plasantnss; translitratd Abinoam masculin singular, propr noun Strong s #42 BDB #4 h b ( ) [pronouncd b ] Ó in, into, through; at, by, nar, on, upon; with, bfor, against; by mans of; among; within a prposition of proximity No Strong s # BDB #88 yôwm (í é) [pronouncd yohm] day; tim; today (with a dfinit articl) masculin singular noun with th dfinit articl Strong s #3117 BDB #398 hûw (à ä) [pronouncd hoo] that, this masculin singular, dmonstrativ pronoun (with th dfinit articl) Strong s #1931 BDB #214 Th bêyth prposition, yôwm and hûw (with dfinit articls) man in that day, on that day, in [on] th sam day. lâmd (ì) (pronouncd l ) to, for, towas, in rgas to dirctional/rlational prposition No Strong s # BDB #510 âmar (ø îç àè ) [pronouncd aw-mahr] to say, to spak, to uttr; to say [to onslf], to think Qal infinitiv construct Strong s #559 BDB #55 Translation: So Dborah and Barak bn Abinoam sang, in that day, saying:... Th first vrb is th Qal imprfct of shîyr (øé ò ) [pronouncd shr], which mans to sing. W first ncount this vrb whn Moss and th sons of Isral sang a victory song to Jhovah in Ex. 15:1. W will find it many tims throughout th psalms (.g., Psalm 7:titl 13:6 33:3 21:13), as wll as scatt throughout th Old Tstamnt (1Sam. 18:6 1Chron. 16:9 Eccls. 2:8 Isa. 5:1). W ll covr this in gratr dtail whn w gt to Psalm 144 (to b studid whil w ar in 1Sam. 18). First thing, in that day dos not rfr to th day of th battl btwn Barak and Sisra. Don t forgt that in btwn that battl and this vrs cam Judgs 4:31, which rad: And th hand of th sons of Isral prssd havir and havir on Jabin, king of Canaan, until thy had dstroyd Jabin, th king of Canaan. In othr wos, th last battl was not btwn Barak and Sisra, but th war continud btwn Jabin and Isral, with Isral as th vntual victor. Furthrmor, whn th war btwn Jabin and Isral continud, many of th tribs of Isral bgan to join in. Th phras in that day dos not rfr to a particular day (although it did occur on a particular day), but at a particular priod of tim whn victory ovr Jabin and th Canaanits had bn achivd. Thn a song of clbration was in or. W ar not givn any tim fram ovr which this took plac. It could hav bn a rlativly short priod of tim, lasting lss than a yar following th battl btwn Barak and Sisra. In th Bibl, th wo day dos not always rfr to a 24 hour priod of tim. In th Gn. 1, thr, on day rfr to a 24 hour priod of tim (Gn. 1:5, 7). Howvr, th phras, Th Day of th Lo rfrs to th 7 yars of th tribulation and th millnnium, which a total of 1007 yars (Isa. 2:12 13:6 Jol 2:1). Th day of salvation rfrs to th priod of tim during which w ar savd, which is instantanous (2Cor. 6:2). In othr wos, a day can b longr or shortr than 24 hours, or it can b prcisly 24 hours. For mor dtail, rfr back to th Doctrin of Days from Gn. 1:5. In this particular contxt, this song was writtn and sung ithr aftr victory had bn scu against th Canaanits or whn such victory had bn assu (which could hav bn soon aftr th

8 Judgs Chaptr dfat of Sisra). Th participation of th othr tribs indicats that this was writtn aftr th battl in Judgs 4, bu tnot immdiatly aftr. Th mphasis on th dfat of Sisra in particular indicats that was th turning point in this struggl btwn Isral and th Canaanits. Kil and Dlitzsch: Th historical introduction...taks th plac of a hading, and dos not man that th song of Dborah and Barak which follows was composd by thm jointly; but simply that it was sung by thm togthr, in commmoration of th victory [which thy togthr affctd]. Th potss 4 or writr of th song, accoing to Judgs 5:3, 7, 12, was Dborah. In a ltting loos of thos who lt loos in Isral; in a fr voluntring of popl; blss Y howah. Judgs 5:2 Whn [thr is] a cutting loos of thos who cut loos [or, whn thr is vnganc cut loos by military typs] in Isral; whn [thr is] a fr voluntring of th popl; blss Y howah. During a tim whn thos who vowd in Isral to avng, whn th popl volunt. Blssd is Jhovah. And now I rmmbr why I stoppd xgting th book of Job. It was a royal pain in th nck. Potry in th Hbrw is much mor difficult to work with that pros, and I suspct that in this chaptr, you will s a lot of diffrnt translations as w attmpt to zro in on what has actually bn said. Ancint txts: Latin Vulgat Masortic Txt Pshitta Sptuagint Significant diffrncs: O you of Isral, that hav willingly off your livs to dangr, blss th Lo. In a ltting loos of thos who lt loos in Isral; in a fr voluntring of popl; With rquital has Isral bn avngd; prais th LORD with a song for avnging Isral. A rvlation was mad in Isral whn th popl wr mad willing: Prais y th Lo. Th Hbrw is rathr difficult, and I bliv th translators of th LXX gav it thir bst guss. Th Pshitta sms only barly similar hr, and th Vulgat only slightly mor so. Thought-for-thought translations; paraphrass: CEV NAB NJB NWT REB NLT W prais you, LORD! Our soldirs volunt, rady to follow you. Of chifs who took th lad in Isral, of nobl dds by th popl who blss th LORD. That th warriors in Isral unbound thir hair, that th popl cam forwa with a will, blss Yahwh! For ltting th hair hang loos in Isral for war, For th popl s voluntring, Blss Jhovah. For th ladrs, th ladrs in Isral, for th popl who answ th call, blss th LORD. [or, in th altrnativ: For thos who had flowing locks in Isral, for th popl who answ th call, blss th LORD. ] Whn Isral s ladrs tak charg, and th popl gladly follow blss th LORD! 4 Kil & Dlitzsch s Commntary on th Old Tstamnt; 1966 Hndrickson Publishrs, Inc.; Vol. II, p. 223.

9 Th Book of th Judgs 713 TEV Prais th LORD! Th Isralits wr dtrmind to fight; th popl gladly volunt. Mostly litral rndrings (with som occasional paraphrasing): God s Wo HCSB JPS (Tanakh) Prais th LORD! Mn in Isral vowd to fight, and popl volunt for srvic. Whn th ladrs lad in Isral, whn th popl voluntr, prais th LORD. Whn [In many parts of this pom th maning is uncrtain] locks go untrimmd [Apparntly an xprssion of ddication; compar Num. 6:5] in Isral, Whn popl ddicat thmslvs Blss th LORD! Litral, almost wo-for-wo, rndrings: Th Emphasizd Bibl Edrshim LTHB MKJV NASB NKJV (altrnat rading) Own's Translation NRSV Robinson Thim WEB Young s Updatd LT For th ladrship of ladrs in Isral, For th voluntring of th popl, Blss y Yahwh! For th loos flowing of th long hair, For th fr ddication of th popl, Prais y Jhovah! For th loosing of locks of hair in Isral; for th willing offring of th popl, blss Jhovah! Prais Jhovah for th avnging of Isral, whn th popl willingly off thmslvs. That th ladrs ld in Isral, That th popl volunt, Blss th LORD! 5 Whn locks ar loosd in Isral, Whn th popl voluntr thmslvs, Blss th LORD! That th ladrs took th lad in Isral; that off thmslvs willingly th popl; blss Yahwh. Whn locks ar long in Isral, whn th popl offr thmslvs willingly blss th LORD. [or, in th altrnativ: Whn locks ar long in Isral, you who offr yourslvs willingly among th popl, blss th LORD. ] Prais y Jhovah; for th fr ar f in Isral--th popl hav willingly off thmslvs" Whn th strong showd thmslvs strong in Isral, whn th popl volunt, [you] blss th Lo. Bcaus th ladrs took th lad in Isral, bcaus th popl off thmslvs willingly, b blssd, Yahwh! For fring frmn in Isral, For a popl willingly offring thmslvs. Blss you Jhovah. Whn you s this many translations, thn you know that somthing is up; in this cas, w hav a numbr of difficultis with th translation of svral wos in this vrs. What is th gist of this vrs? Bcaus Isral is willing to fight, Jhovah is blssd. 5 This rfrs to hair and not th lock on a door.

10 Judgs Chaptr Judgs 5:2a Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs h b ( ) [pronouncd b ] Ó in, into, through; at, by, nar, on, upon; with, bfor, against; by mans of; among; within a prposition of proximity No Strong s # BDB #88qic pâra (òøç È ) [pronouncd paw-rahì] to lt go, to lt loos, to lt alon Qal infinitiv construct Strong's #6544 BDB #828 This vrb appars to hav a plthora of manings: 1) to lt go of, to lt loos of in th sns of to rmov, to tak off, to uncovr; 2) to lt go of, to unlash [vnganc]; 3) to lt go of, to tak [from onslf] [larning, counsl, doctrin]; 4) to lt go of, to lt loos [of somon]; to lt th rins loos; to unbridl; to bcom lawlss, unrstraind. To b quit frank with you, I am not compltly happy with this st of dfinitions which I hav put togthr; howvr, I find it to b a suprior handling of this vrb than I find in Gsnius or in BDB. prâ ôth (ú ò È ) ø Ó [pronouncd p raw- ÌOATH] long-hai ladrs; warriors [with shavd hads]; military typs masculin plural noun Strong s #6546 BDB #828 Th difficulty of this wo is rlatd to th difficulty of undrstanding th vrb abov (from which it is drivd). W may b rasonably crtain that this rfrs to military typs, ladrs, warriors; as pharaoh is drivd from th sam root vrb. Th wo for pharaoh was probably th original wo; but, sinc th Pharaoh of Egypt lt th Isralits go, a vrb was possibly constructd in th common vrnacular, so that on might say H pharaoh-d m; i.., h lt m go; or, h pharaoh-d my hair; i.., h lt go of [cut] my hair. A vow might b takn by soldirs to not cut on s hair; or to bgin with on s had shavd (as is don in our military); th wo to rprsnt ths mn who wr military typs would b p râ ôwth, which had th connotation of th rmoving of on s hair for military srvic; and at th sam tim, infr that th rank of such of on was similar to th ranking of pharaoh. This is, to b sur, all conjctur; howvr, it is just as rasonabl if not mor so than anything which I hav rad in BDB or in Gsnius. Th infinitiv construct, whn combind with th bêyth prposition, can oftn tak on a tmporal maning and may b rnd whn [such and such happns]. It can srv as a tmporal markr that dnots an vnt which occurs simultanously with th action of th main vrb. h b ( ) [pronouncd b ] Ó in, into, through; at, by, nar, on, upon; with, bfor, against; by mans of; among; within a prposition of proximity No Strong s # BDB #88qic Yis râ êl (ìà Å øè Ó é)ò [pronouncd yis-raw- ALE] translitratd Isral masculin propr noun Strong s #3478 BDB #975 Translation: Whn [thr is] a cutting loos of thos who cut loos [or, whn thr is vnganc cut loos by military typs] in Isral;... Th vrb hr has four primary manings, which must b dtrmind accoing to th contxt: 1) to lt go of, to lt loos of in th sns of to rmov, to tak off, to uncovr; 2) to lt go of, to unlash [vnganc]; 3) to lt go of, to tak [from onslf] [larning, counsl, doctrin]; 4) to lt go of, to lt loos [of somon]; to lt th rins loos; to unbridl; to bcom lawlss, unrstraind. Givn th contxt, only th scond option maks any sns.

11 Th Book of th Judgs Following this wo, w hav th masculin plural of its noun cognat, and this wo is found only hr and in Dut. 32:42. Now, thr is anothr cognat, th wo for locks (as in locks of hair), found in Num. 6:5 Ezk. 44:20. 7 On xplanation found in BDB, was that thr would b a vow takn by th soldirs, whn in war, not to cut thir hair. I prfr to think that th mn involvd wr dgnrat and on of th xtrior signs of dgnracy was thir long-hair (1Cor. 11:14). In th book of Judgs, w ar ithr daling with mn who hav mad a vow not to cut thir hair until victory has bn achivd, or with mn who hav cut all of thir hair off (i.., thy lt loos of thir locks) as a sign of going to war. In my opinion, it is th lattr. So, what I v got so far is: In a ltting loos of thos who lt loos in Isral... Th NRSV rads: Whn locks ar long in Isral... Th NJB rads: That th warriors in Isral unbound thir hair. It is possibl that w ar daling with somthing akin to th Nazarit vow hr as wll (a Nazarit was not to cut his hair). Judgs 5:2b Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs h b ( ) [pronouncd b ] Ó in, into, through; at, by, nar, on, upon; with, bfor, against; by mans of; among; within a prposition of proximity No Strong s # BDB #88qic nâdab (áãç È ð) [pronouncd nawv DAHB ] (without an objct): to voluntr [onslf], to b willing to, to offr onslf frly; (with an objct) to willingly offr, to giv gnrously [spontanously, willingly]; to offr up Hithpal infinitiv construct Strong s #5068 BDB #621 Th infinitiv construct, whn combind with th bêyth prposition, can oftn tak on a tmporal maning and may b rnd whn [such and such happns]. It can srv as a tmporal markr that dnots an vnt which occurs simultanously with th action of th main vrb. am (í òç ) [pronouncd ìahm] popl; rac, trib; family, rlativs; citizns, common popl; companions, srvants; ntir human rac; h [of animals] masculin singular collctiv noun with th dfinit articl Strong s #5971 BDB #766 Translation:...whn [thr is] a fr voluntring of th popl;... BDB givs svral manings of th vrb hr; among thm to incit, impl, voluntr, to offr fr-will offrings. Without a dirct objct, w could probably rndr this as frly voluntr. In othr wos, ths mn wr not draftd; no on had to talk thm into voluntring to fight th Canaanits. Thy appa of thir own volition on bhalf of th ntir nation Isral. Th bêyth prposition and an infinitiv construct togthr may b rnd as a tmporal claus; i.., th bêyth can b rasonably rnd whn. I was raisd during a strong anti-war movmnt (during th Vitnam War) and during th tim of th Jsus fraks, whr Christianity was prsntd to som as a hip, countr-cultur approach to lif; lik Jsus, a long-hai hippy who wand around pacfully in sandals. W find this throughout th history of Christianity; Christianity is mad palpabl to th hoi polloi by incorporating som popular cultur into th doctrin. This is how w got our Christmas and Eastr traditions, as a mattr of fact. 6 Th Nw Englishman s Hbrw Concoanc of th Old Tstamnt lis ts this as a fminin; Own, Gsnius and BDB call it a masculin. 7 Th Nw Brown-Drivr-Briggs-Gsnius Hbrw-English Lxicon; Hndrickson, 1979, p. 828.

12 Judgs Chaptr Th Bibl prsnts an ntirly diffrnt viwpoint. What you cannot find in Scriptur is an anti-war stanc, or any of this hippi viw of pac and lov. Hr, mn ar praisd for going to war; thos who do not voluntr ar cursd (Judgs 5:23). W find this again and again in th Old Tstamnt. In th Nw, whn Jsus spok to a Roman cnturion, H did not tll th man to Lay down your wapons, and follow M. What Jsus did say was, I hav not found such a grat faith in all Isral. Ovr and ovr again, Paul and Ptr had run-in s with th Roman govrnmnt; not on tim do thy cit civil disobdinc as th Christian approach (xcpt whn it cam to vanglizing and taching God s Wo, and thr, w ought to oby God and not man ). Now, you may not lik this, but it is divin viwpoint. This is th way God ss things, which is quit diffrnt from th way that w s things. I was brought up to admir Gandhi and his non-violnt approach to rmoving th British from India; howvr, India fll into grat lawlssnss and bloodshd as a rsult of Gandhi s actions. Whn I was raisd, I only got half of th story. So, th point of viw that w find in Scriptur is 180 out of sync with th way I was brought up. I had to gt ovr it. Application: Today, as I writ this (Sptmbr 2006), w hav th phnomnon of suicid bombrs and radical Islamic fanatics. Thr ar many in our cultur who want to tak th sam approach: you rason with ths mn, and, whn rasoning fails, you tak som sort of conomic sanctions against thm, until thy ar so uncomfortabl that thy ar won ovr to our wstrn ways. This is pur, unadultratd foolishnss! Ths mn ar our godlss nmis. Thy sk to kill us in any way possibl. Thy rais thir childrn from th youngst ag to aspir to kill us and to dstroy fom and dmocracy. Thir hat of us and of Jsus Christ is so dply ngraind in thir souls that thy would kill thmslvs if thy knw that thy could tak with thm dozn or mor English spaking mn, womn or childrn. If thy tak out a military targt, that is fin; but thy ar just as comfortabl taking out non-military targts in fact, mor so. Non-military targts tnd to hav a lot lss scurity attachd to thm. All of th wstrn world is anathma to thm. Thr is no approach that w can tak to ths kind of fanatics apart from forc, that will work. W cannot rason with thm; w cannot lvy sanctions against thm. A fw yars ago, in th middl of summr, a b flw into my car with m. I stppd out, closd th door, and dtrmind that, a xcptionally hot car is going to tach this b not to fly into cars. Ths wr my sanctions against this b. A fw hours latr, whn I stppd into th car, th b stung m immdiatly. Sanctions did not work against this b. Application: Th cultur and blifs of Islamic fascists dos not man that w should round up Muslims whrvr w can find thm, and haul thm off to jail, shoot thm, or othrwis prscut thm. Lik Christianity, th Muslim rligion is multi-factd. On cannot lump thm altogthr as Islamic fascists, bcaus that is just plain wrong. Howvr, stting up battl fronts against thm throughout th world is rasonabl and intllignt. Our CIA should b doing vrything it can to infiltrat mosqus hr in th Unitd Stats with right thinking, astrn typs, undr dp covr to uncovr thos within our bors whos mind-st and intntions ar th sam. Judgs 5:2c Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs bârak ( ø Ç È ) [pronouncd baw RAHK ] invok God, prais, clbrat, blss [God]; blss [mn], invok blssings; to blss [as God or man] and thrfor caus to prospr or mak happy; salut anyon [with a blssing]; curs nd 2 prson masculin singular, Pil imprativ Strong s #1288 BDB #138 YHWH (äåäé) [pronunciation is possibly yhoh-wah] translitratd variously as Jhovah, Yahwh, Y howah propr noun Strong s #3068 BDB #217 nd Translation:...blss Y howah. Th vry last lin has th 2 prson masculin singular, Pil imprativ of th wo to blss; w ar o to blss Jhovah. This was mntiond in Dut. 8:10, but it bars mntioning again.

13 Th Book of th Judgs 717 Whn th wo blss is prsntd in Scriptur and in churchs, it is too oftn this vagu rligious trm of littl maning. That is, if you cannot xprss what it is that it actually mans, thn it dosn't man anything to you. Whn man blsss God, man rcognizs that God has providd him with what h has rcivd. Blssing, in this cas, is gratitud and rcognition of God's provision which coms out of God's charactr. Whn w say a blssing at mal tim, idally, this is what w ar doing. Whn God blsss us, H is providing us with prosprity which ovrflows from His prfct charactr. Whn w blss othr mn, w ar asking for God to giv thm His blssings His prosprity and grac. Now pull this togthr with what has com bfor: w ar calld upon to blss Jhovah bcaus Isralits hav volunt to ntr into a military action against th Canaanits. Application: Don t gt out of control whn it coms to undrstanding God s rlationship to th military. This dos not man that th military is th corrct approach to ach and vry situation. Furthrmor, givn that w hav an all-voluntr army, w can only fight on so many fronts. Howvr, what w hav don in th Middl East during this tim priod is brilliant. W ar facing on nation which may dvlop nuclar capabilitis in th nar futur (Iran); w hav trrorist training grounds in a numbr of diffrnt Middl Eastrn countris; so w nd our troops in th Midast. W nd strong allis in th Midast. Application: I know I might sm lik I am gtting far too political hr, and, to som xtnt, I am. Lt s clarify th situation. Th only tru solution is spiritual. As a nation, w must do crtain things in or to protct ourslvs, and ths ar honorabl and Biblically sanctiond. Howvr, our biggst mistak in both Afghanistan and Iraq is not insisting upon thir adopting a Bill of Rights similar to our Bill of Rights. W should rquir thm to allow fom of spch and fom of rligion. Th popl thr nd th ability to choos Jsus Christ as thir Savior. Thy should not hav to hid thir faith; and thy should not hav to fac prscution for bliving in Jsus Christ. W should b abl to snd missionaris ovr thr. Apart from a spiritual rvival, all w ar doing is standing with th fingr in th dyk. Th military can provid, at bst, a tmporary solution; faith in Jsus Christ can provid a prmannt solution. Listn, O kings, giv ar, O princs, I to Y howah, I will sing; I will mak music [in prais of God] to Y howah, God of Isral. Judgs 5:3 Listn, O kings [and] giv ar, O princs: I vn I will sing to [or, with rgas to] Y howah; I will mak a mlody to [or, with rgas to] [or, I will mak music in prais of] Y howah, th God of Isral:... Kings, listn to m, and princs, pay attntion to m; I will sing to Jhovah; I will mak music to Jhovah, th God of Isral:... Hr is how othrs hav translatd this vrs: Ancint txts: Masortic Txt Sptuagint Significant diffrncs: Listn, O kings, giv ar, O princs, I to Y howah, I will sing; Har [this], you kings, and listn [carfully] you rulrs: I will sing, it is I who will sing to th Lo, it is I, I will sing a psalm to th Lo th God of Isral. Thr is som intrprtation and shifting of th or of th wos; howvr, thr ar no significant diffrncs btwn th Grk and Hbrw. Thought-for-thought translations; paraphrass: CEV Listn, kings and rulrs, whil I sing for th LORD, th God of Isral.

14 Judgs Chaptr NLT Listn, you kings! Pay attntion, you mighty rulrs! For I will sing to th LORD. I will lift up my song to th LORD, th God of Isral. Mostly litral rndrings (with som occasional paraphrasing): God s Wo HCSB JPS (Tanakh) Listn, you kings! Opn your ars, you princs! I will sing a song to th LORD. I will mak music to th LORD God of Isral. Listn, kings! Pay attntion, princs! I will sing to th LORD; I will sing prais to th LORD God of Isral. Har, O kings! Giv ar, O potntats! I will sing, will sing to th LORD, Will hymn th LORD, th God of Isral. Litral, almost wo-for-wo, rndrings: LTHB Young s Updatd LT Listn, O kings; giv ar, O princs. I, vn I, will sing to Jhovah; I will sing prais to Jhovah th God of Isral. Har, you kings; giv ar, you princs, I, to Jhovah, I I do sing, I sing prais to Jhovah, God of Isral. What is th gist of this vrs? Dborah asks for kings and princs to listn to hr as sh sings praiss to Jhovah, th God of Isral. Now, in rading this vrs apart from th othr vrss, This vrs appars to b what is said prior to th song itslf. Howvr, th potic allitration of th prvious vrs indicats that w ar alrady into th song and that this vrs is simply a part of it. In fact, w hav prcdnt and subsqunt substantiation for this sort of vrs found arly in a song (s Ex. 15:1 Dut. 32:1 Psalm 27:6b 7a). Judgs 5:3a Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs shâma (ò îç È ) [pronouncd shaw- MAHÌ] listn [intntly], har, listn and oby, [or, and act upon, giv hd to, tak not of], harkn to, b attntiv to, listn and b cognizant of nd 2 prson masculin plural, Qal imprativ Strong's #8085 BDB #1033 mlk ( ì î ) [pronouncd MEH-lk] king, rulr, princ masculin plural noun Strong s #4428 BDB #572 Translation: Listn, O kings... Thr wr no kings in Isral at this tim Dborah was singing this, as it wr, 8 to th hathn nations, in glory to God. Essntially, sh is vanglizing th hathn nations who will har this psalm. 8 Kil & Dlitzsch s Commntary on th Old Tstamnt; 1966 Hndrickson Publishrs, Inc.; Vol. II, p. 224.

15 Th Book of th Judgs 719 Judgs 5:3b Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs âzan (ïæ ÇàÈ ) [pronouncd aw-zahn] to broadn out th ar with th hand in or to har; giv ar and answr; to listn and oby; to listn; to wigh nd 2 prson masculin plural, Hiphil imprativ Strong s #238 BDB #24 râzan (ï æ øè ) [pronouncd - raw-zahn] to b wighty, to b judicious, to b commanding; princs, rulrs [in th participl] masculin plural, Qal activ participl Strong's #7336 BDB #931 This wo is only found as a participl. Translation:...[and] giv ar, O princs:... Again, thr ar no princs in Isral; th intnt is that this psalm b sung throughout th surrounding lands, and that hathn from all around har what God, through Dborah, has to say to thm. Som hav suggstd that this is addrssd to th kings and princs of th Canaanits, but many of thm did in this war btwn Isral and th Canaanits. Furthrmor, bar in mind, this is an vanglical song; not a nyah, nyah, w kickd your butts psalm. Thr ar imprcatory songs and psalms, whr th writr asks that God dal with thos who ar vil; but, I don t rcall any psalms whr th writr latr rubs salt in th wound aftr th fact. God uss Isral as a missionary of sorts during th Jwish Ag; thrfor, w would xpct to find crtain psalms and songs addrssd to th surrounding unblivrs. God Spaks to Forign Unblivrs during th Ag of Isral Scriptur Dut. 32:1 4 Psalm 2:10 12 Quotation/Explanation Listn, havn, and I will spak. Earth, har th wos from my mouth. Lt my tachings com down lik raindrops. Lt my wos drip lik dw, lik gntl rain on grass, lik showrs on grn plants. I will proclaim th nam of th LORD. Giv our God th gratnss h dsrvs! H is a rock. What h dos is prfct. All his ways ar fair. H is a faithful God, who dos no wrong. H is honorabl and rliabl. Moss proclaims to all th arth th faithfulnss and honor of Jhovah God, th Rock of Isral. Now, you kings, act wisly. B warnd, you rulrs of th arth! Srv th LORD with far, and rjoic with trmbling. Kiss th Son, or h will bcom angry and you will di on your way bcaus his angr will burst into flams. Blssd is vryon who taks rfug in him. David hr maks it clar that, vn though Jhovah is th God of Isral, H is th God of all mankind.

16 Judgs Chaptr God Spaks to Forign Unblivrs during th Ag of Isral Scriptur Psalm 49:1 9 Psalm 119:46 50 Psalm 138:4 8 Quotation/Explanation Listn to this, all you popl. Opn your ars, all who liv in th world- common popl and important ons, rich popl and poor ons. My mouth will spak wis sayings, th insights I hav carfully consid. I will turn my attntion to a provrb. I will xplain my riddl with th music of a lyr. Why should I b afraid in tims of troubl, whn slandrrs surround m with vil? Thy trust thir richs and brag about thir abundant walth. No on can vr buy back anothr prson or pay God a ransom for his lif. Th pric to b paid for his soul is too costly. H must always giv up in or to liv forvr and nvr s th pit. This is xactly what w would xpct to har dirctd to th unblivr; you ar unabl to pay th ncssary ransom for your own soul; th pric is too high. Th mssag is, do not trust in your own richs; trust in Jsus Christ. I will spak about your writtn instructions in th prsnc of kings and not fl ashamd. Your commandmnts, which I lov, mak m happy. I lift my hands in prayr bcaus of your commandmnts, which I lov. I will rflct on Your laws. Rmmbr th wo You gav m. Through it You gav m hop. This is my comfort in my misry: Your promis gav m a nw lif. Not how vanglical this is: Your promis gav m a nw lif. Whn hathn ar addrssd, vanglism is th focus. All th kings of th arth will giv thanks to you, O LORD, bcaus thy hav ha th promiss you spok. Thy will sing this about th ways of th LORD: "Th LORD'S honor is grat!" Evn though th LORD is high abov, h ss humbl popl clos up, and h rcognizs arrogant popl from a distanc. Evn though I walk into th middl of troubl, you gua my lif against th angr of my nmis. You strtch out your hand, and your right hand savs m. Th LORD will do vrything for m. O LORD, your mrcy ndurs forvr. Do not lt go of what your hands hav mad. This tlls us that, at som point, all th kings of th arth will giv thanks to Jhovah God. Thy can dpnd upon His promiss and thy can dpnd upon His intgrity. A song or a psalm has a bttr chanc of raching hathn populations than dos simpl txt. Thoughout our own history as a nation, w hav had songs which bgan in on small gographical location and sprad throughout th land bcaus th wos and music appald to so many. God th Holy Spirit would spak through His Wo to mn in othr lands by ths songs, which proclaimd th powr, faithfulnss, intgrity and mrcy of Jhovah, God of Isral. Rturn to Chaptr Outlin Rturn to Charts, Maps and Short Doctrins

17 Th Book of th Judgs 721 Judgs 5:3c Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs ânôkîy (éëð. É àè ) [pronouncd awn-oh- KEE] I, m; (somtims a vrb is implid) st 1 prson singular prsonal pronoun Strong s #595 BDB #59 lâmd (ì) (pronouncd l ) to, for, towas, in rgas to dirctional/rlational prposition No Strong s # BDB #510 YHWH (äåäé) [pronunciation is possibly yhoh-wah] translitratd variously as Jhovah, Yahwh, Y howah propr noun Strong s #3068 BDB #217 ânôkîy (éëð. É àè ) [pronouncd awn-oh- KEE] I, m; (somtims a vrb is implid) st 1 prson singular prsonal pronoun Strong s #595 BDB #59 shîyr (øé ò ) [pronouncd shr] to sing st 1 prson singular, Qal imprfct; with th Voluntativ hê Strong s #7891 BDB #1010 Th hê at th nd is calld a voluntativ hê and th vrb itslf is known as a cohortativ and is oftn translatd with th additional wo lt, may, might, ought, should. Translation:...I vn I will sing to [or, with rgas to] Y howah,... This portion of v. 3 could rad I vn I will sing to Jhovah; or, I vn I will sing with rgas to Jhovah. If it is th formr, w would hav xpctd th prposition unto, which indicats rspct or dfrnc. In th lattr cas, Dborah is asking hathn kings and princs to listn, as sh will sing with rgas to Jhovah. Sh is going to tll thm about Jhovah. Sh dos not us th trm for th Godhad, Elohim; sh uss th spcific nam of ach mmbr of th Godhad (although, that thr is a Godhad has only bn hintd about prviously). In any cas, th nam Jhovah idntifis th spcific God of Isral; not just God as a concpt and not just th ida of a God, but of a God Who is abov all othr gods, and Who has chosn to work in, through and by th nation Isral. Judgs 5:3d Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs zâmar (øîç È æ) [pronouncd zaw-mahr] to sing; to mak music in prais of God, to mak mlody; proprly to cut off (i.., to divid up [a song] into its various parts) st 1 prson singular, Pil imprfct Strong s #2167 & #2168 BDB #274 This vrb is a synonym for th prvious vrb, but it has additional manings. Edrshim suggsts that this involvs th accompanimnt of a musical instrumnt. lâmd (ì) (pronouncd l ) to, for, towas, in rgas to dirctional/rlational prposition No Strong s # BDB #510 YHWH (äåäé) [pronunciation is possibly yhoh-wah] translitratd variously as Jhovah, Yahwh, Y howah propr noun Strong s #3068 BDB #217

18 Judgs Chaptr Judgs 5:3d Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs ì lôhîym (îé äò Éì àá ) [pronouncd l-o-heem] gods, forign gods, god; God; rulrs, judgs; suprhuman ons, angls; translitratd Elohim masculin plural construct Strong's #430 BDB #43 Yis râ êl (ìà Å øè Ó é)ò [pronouncd yis-raw- ALE] translitratd Isral masculin propr noun Strong s #3478 BDB #975 Translation:...I will mak a mlody to [or, with rgas to] [or, I will mak music in prais of] Y howah, th God of Isral. Th phras God of Isral should not b igno; th Bibl has always prsntd a vry spcific God, with a spcific idntity and spcific charactristics. During th Ag of Isral, God workd primarily through th nation Isral. This dos not man that thr was not vanglization far outsid th nation Isral it is possibl that th book of Job found its way to hathn far from Isral. What w know, is God did dal with Isral and th nations which cam into contact with Isral. That rlationship is so powrful, that hug numbrs of Arabs dspair ovr th nation Isral a nation that is a mr spc in th Arab world and s th Jws as th caus of many, if not all, thir ills. Thir unrasonabl hat is a tstimony to God and God s working through Isral. I bliv that th gist of this vrs is, Dborah is singing to th kings and princs of th surrounding hathn, and that sh is singing to thm about Jsus Christ, th God of Isral; and that hr song praiss Jsus Christ, th God of Isral. A cas could b mad, howvr, for this psalm to b addrssd to God, as God is spokn to dirctly in th nxt vrs. What I think is th cas is, this tiny prposition, affixd to th noun Elohim, acts in both ways. To th hathn, Dborah spaks of th God of Isral; and in this psalm, sh spaks dirctly to God. Rturn to Chaptr Outlin Rturn to Charts, Maps and Short Doctrins God s Powr in Isral s March is Mad Manifst at th Battl of Barak and Sisra Psalm 68:7 9 Habakkuk 3: Aftr sitting in on plac for 38½ yars, Isral bgan to march into th Land of Promis through Edom and northwa on th astrn sid of th Dad Sa. This followd Isral s initial march out of Egypt to Mount Sinai, and thn to th southrn bor of th Land of Promis. Ths two marchs, and God s powr manifst at that tim, ar sn as a whol hr, and ar also rviwd in Psalm 68 and (of all placs) Habak. 3. Y howah, in a going forth from Sir in Your marching from a rgion of Edom, [th] ground quakd furthrmor, [th] havns drippd; ya, clouds droppd watr. Judgs 5:4 Y howah, whn You wnt forth from Sir, whn You marchd from th rgion of Edom, th ground quakd; morovr, th havns drippd; ya, clouds droppd watr. Jhovah, whn You wnt out from Sir and whn You march out of th rgion of Edom, th ground quakd and th havns bgan to rain; in fact, th clouds pou down rain. 9 Many popl blivd that Isral wand in th dsrt for 40 yars.

19 Th Book of th Judgs 723 Hr is how othrs hav translatd this vrs: Ancint txts: Masortic Txt Sptuagint Significant diffrncs: Y howah, in a going forth from Sir in Your marching from a rgion of Edom, [th] ground quakd furthrmor, [th] havns drippd; ya, clouds droppd watr. O Lo, in your going forth on Sir, whn you wnt forth out of th land of Edom, th arth quakd and th havn droppd dws, and th clouds droppd watr. No significant diffrncs. Thought-for-thought translations; paraphrass: CEV Our LORD, God of Isral, whn you cam from Sir, whr th Edomits liv,... Mostly litral rndrings (with som occasional paraphrasing): God s Wo HCSB O LORD, whn you wnt out from Sir, whn you marchd from th country of Edom, th arth quakd, th sky pou, th clouds burst,... LORD, whn You cam from Sir, whn You marchd from th filds of Edom, th arth trmbld, th havns pou rain, th clouds pou watr. Litral, almost wo-for-wo, rndrings: ESV MKJV Young s Updatd LT "LORD, whn you wnt out from Sir, whn you marchd from th rgion of Edom, th arth trmbld and th havns droppd, ys, th clouds droppd watr. Jhovah, whn You wnt out of Sir, whn You marchd out of th fild of Edom, th arth trmbld and th havns droppd, th clouds also droppd watr. Jhovah, in Your going forth out of Sir, In Your stpping out of th fild of Edom, Earth trmbld, also th havns droppd, Also thick clouds droppd watr. What is th gist of this vrs? Dborah is stting up an analogous situation God s grat powr rvald as Isral marchd from Egypt to th Land of Promis. Hr, w bgin whr Isral bgan to march again, from Edom. It is in this vrs whr w bgin to gt an ida as to what xactly happnd which allowd Isral to win th battl against Sisra and all of his chariots. What Dborah givs us hr is vrification of God s powr in rlation to th lmnts. Sh will first stablish God s powr, and thn latr incorporat it into hr song. Judgs 5:4a Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs YHWH (äåäé) [pronunciation is possibly yhoh-wah] translitratd variously as Jhovah, Yahwh, Y howah propr noun Strong s #3068 BDB #217 h b ( ) [pronouncd b ] Ó in, into, through; at, by, nar, on, upon; with, bfor, against; by mans of; among; within a prposition of proximity No Strong s # BDB #88

20 Judgs Chaptr Judgs 5:4a Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs Th infinitiv construct, whn combind with th bêyth prposition, can oftn tak on a tmporal maning and may b rnd whn [such and such happns]. It can srv as a tmporal markr that dnots an vnt which occurs simultanously with th action of th main vrb. yâtsâ (à öè éè) [pronouncd yaw-tzawh] to go out, to com out, to com forth; to ris; to flow, to gush up [out] Qal infinitiv construct nd with th 2 prson masculin singular suffix Strong's #3318 BDB #422 min (ï îò ) [pronouncd min] from, away from, out from, out of from, off, on account of, sinc, abov, than, so that not, abov, byond, mor than prposition of sparation Strong's #4480 BDB #577 S ê îyr (øéò ). [pronouncd say-ìeer] hairy, shaggy; translitratd Sir masculin singular, propr noun Strong s #8165 BDB #973 Translation: Yhowah, whn You wnt forth from Sir,... Dborah bgins with Sir, whn th Jws bgan to dvlop som forwa momntum again. Easton tlls us that Sir is th nam of a mountainous rgion occupid by th Edomits, xtnding along th astrn sid of th Arabah from th south-astrn xtrmity of th Dad Sa to nar th 10 Akabah, or th astrn branch of th Rd Sa. Fausst tlls us that Sir is probably mor of a titl 11 or a dscriptiv nam, rathr than th propr nam for this mountain rgion. Lt s gt a littl background hr. Isral marchs from Egypt to th Land of Promis, stopping first at Mount Sinai; latr at th southrn bor of th Land of Promis; apparntly rmains in th southrn dsrt for 38½ yars; and thn bgins thir march again, hading towa Edom this tim and travling northwa on th ast sid of th Dad Sa. In othr wos, w ar actually viwing 2 marchs, with on stop. During this tim, God manifsts Himslf in raining upon th dsrt and by th quaking of th arth. In th Pntatuch narrativ, intrstingly nough, w s rfrncs to th quaking of th arth (at th foot of Mount Sinai), but I do not rcall any rfrncs to havy rainstorms. Howvr, bar in mind that w hav as many as 2,000,000 Jws in th dsrt, so somthing must hav occur in or to provid thm with watr. Also, intrstingly nough, whras, w might b willing to dismiss th rfrncs hrin to rainstorms, w find thm mntiond again in Psalm 68:9 and Habak. 3:9 10, 15. Judgs 5:4b Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs h b ( ) [pronouncd b ] Ó in, into, through; at, by, nar, on, upon; with, bfor, against; by mans of; among; within a prposition of proximity No Strong s # BDB #88qic tsâ ad (ãò - È ö) [pronouncd tzaw- ÌAHD] to stp, to march; to mount up Qal infinitiv construct nd with th 2 prson masculin singular suffix Strong s #6805 BDB # M.G. Easton M.A., D.D., Illustratd Bibl Dictionary; 1897; from -Swo, topic: Sir. 11 Andrw Robrt Fausst, Fausst s Bibl Dictionary; from -Swo, topic: Sir.

21 Th Book of th Judgs 725 Judgs 5:4b Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs min (ï îò) [pronouncd min] from, away from, out from, out of from, off, on account of, sinc, abov, than, so that not, abov, byond, mor than prposition of sparation Strong's #4480 BDB #577 sâdh (äã È ) [pronouncd saw-deh] fild, land, country, opn fild, opn country masculin singular construct Strong s #7704 BDB #961 Ìdôwm (í ã àá) [pronouncd h-dohm]; also Ìdôm (íã ÉàÁ) [pronouncd h-dohm dish; and is translitratd Edom, Edomits masculin propr noun Strong s #123 BDB #10 Translation:...whn You marchd from th rgion of Edom,... Sir, as mntiond, is associatd with Edom (Gn. 36:9) and th Edomits. Th Edomits ar dscndd from Esau, Jacob s twin brothr. God had alrady told Isral not to try to displac th Edomits: Dut. 2:4 6 (ths would hav bn givn prior to Dut. 2): Giv th popl ths instructions: 'You'r going to pass through th trritory of your rlativs, th dscndants of Esau, who liv in Sir. Thy'll b afraid of you, but b vry carful. Don't start a fight with thm, bcaus I'm not giving you any of thir land-not vn nough to stand on. I'v givn Esau's dscndants th rgion of Mount Sir as thir proprty. You must pay thm in silvr for th food you at and th watr you drink.' Judgs 5:4c Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs rts (õ ø à ) [pronouncd EH-rts] arth (all or a portion throf), land, ground, soil fminin singular noun with th dfinit articl Strong's #776 BDB #75 â ash ( ò øè ) r - [pronouncd raw- ÌAHSH] to quak, to trmbl, to shak; to b movd [shakn] 3 prson fminin singular, Qal prfct; pausal form Strong s #7493 BDB #950 Translation:...th ground quakd;... On of th ngativ aspcts of braking th Bibl into vrss is, w associat th arth quaking and th rain of this vrs with Sir in Edom; bcaus, quit obviously, thy ar all in th sam vrs. Howvr, w do not hav an historical rco of this occurring in Edom. This is not to say that it did not occur; but w simply don t hav a rco of it. On th othr hand, w do hav indications of sismic vnts whn Isral was in Sinai and God mt Moss on Mount Sinai. Sinai will b mntiond in th nxt vrs. Judgs 5:4d Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs gam (í Ç ) [pronouncd gahm] also, furthrmor, in addition to, vn, morovr advrb Strong s #1571 BDB #168

22 Judgs Chaptr Judgs 5:4d Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs shâmayîm (í é ò î Ç È ) [pronouncd shaw-mahyim] havns, skis masculin dual noun Strong s #8064 BDB #1029 â þ aph (ó n è - È ð) [pronouncd naw-tahf] to drop, to fall in drops, to drip 3 prson plural, Qal prfct; pausal form Strong s #5197 BDB #642 Translation:...morovr, th havns drippd;... Th psalmist David rcognizd God s powr in th storms as wll, and h sms to hav takn from this passag whn h wrot: O God, who You wnt bfor Your popl, whn You marchd through th wildrnss (Slah); Thn arth quakd, th havns also droppd rain at th prsnc of God. Sinai itslf quakd at th prsnc of God, th God of Isral. You shd abroad a plntiful rain, O God; You confirmd You inhritanc whn it was parchd (Psalm 68:7 9). Whn w gt to Sinai, w will try to pull all of this togthr. Judgs 5:4 Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs gam (í Ç ) [pronouncd gahm] both...and, furthrmor...as wll as, also...also, that...so; ithr...or (but not usd disjunctivly) whn gam is rpatd Strong s #1571 BDB #168 Sinc this is potry, it is possibl that th primary maning of gam (also, furthrmor, in addition to, vn, morovr) is what should b undrstood hr. âb (áòè) [pronouncd b ìaw v] cloud, dark cloud, cloud-mass, darknss [causd by an ovrcast sky]; a dark thickt [of woods] masculin plural noun Strong s #5645 BDB #728 Splld th sam as Strong s #5646 BDB #712, which is an architctural trm that possibly mans thrshold, stps [up to a porch]; landing; pitchd roof. â þ aph (ó n è - È ð) [pronouncd naw-tahf] to drop, to fall in drops, to drip 3 prson plural, Qal prfct Strong s #5197 BDB #642 mayim (í é îç ò ) [pronouncd MAH-yim] watr, watrs masculin plural noun; pausal form Strong's #4325 BDB #565 Translation:...ya, clouds droppd watr. You will not th potic imagry hr, vn though it can b all takn litrally. W spak first of th land, thn of th havns, and thn of what is btwn thm, th clouds. Potic imags dos not man that this is not to b litrally undrstood. If this song had th lin, and Barak s army cam lik a firc storm, w would not intrprt this passag in th sam way; w would raliz that storm is bing usd mtaphorically. Howvr, hr, w ar looking back on litral vnts which occur whil Isral was in Sinai, as Isral marchd on from Edom, thr wr arthquaks and thr wr rainstorms, vn in dsrt aras whr rainstorms did not gnrally occur.

23 Th Book of th Judgs 727 So, what dos this man? Why dos Dborah bgin talking about litral arthquaks and litral rainstorms? This is bcaus sh is going to dscrib a battl btwn Barak and Sisra, and sh wants to mak it clar that Barak s army was not lik a rainstorm, but that thr apparntly was a suddn and intns rainstorm, th rsult of God s powr. This happns in th battl btwn Barak and Sisra, and it is th rsult of God s powr, much lik prvious vnts in Isral s history. Whras th information was not clarly convyd in th prvious chaptr, it will b quit clar in this chaptr that thr was a storm which workd against Sisra. Now, by strict intrprtation, this vrs dos not rfr to that storm; w will gt that in vv It is th way that Sisra was dfatd that brings to mind what God has don in th past. God has oftn unlashd th forcs of natur against His nmis. So, what w hav in this vrs is not an attack by God against Sisra, but Dborah is stablishing God s awsom powr with rspct to th us of th lmnts of natur. This passag in particular is a potic rmmbranc of what God had don bfor whn H appa to Isral as a cloud in th dsrt, lading thm through th dsrt. This is brought to mind bcaus w hav a similar situation occurring at this tim. Barns commnts that this passag, Psalm and Habak. 3:3 16 ar paralll passags which (1) covr th march of Isral into th land of Canaan; and (2) that ths thr passags srv to 12 xplain on anothr. Barns ss th victory of Dborah and Barak as bing paralll to God s guidanc to Isral from Sir on up to Jricho and thn into th land, rathr than th origin of th storms as coming out of th south. Intrstingly nough, God is oftn associatd with storms and arthquaks throughout Scriptur. David alluds to this in 2Sam. 22:7 12: In my distrss, I calld up Jhovah. Ys, I crid to my God and from His tmpl H ha my voic and my cry for hlp wnt out to his ars. Thn th arth shook and quakd and th foundations of havn trmbld and thy wr shakn, bcaus H was angry. Smok wnt up out of His nostrils and fir from His mouth dvou. Coals wr kindld by it. H bowd th havns also, and H cam down, with thick darknss undr His ft. And H rod upon a chrub and flw and H appa on th wings of th wind. And H mad darknss canopis around Him, a mass of watrs, thick clouds out from th sky. Psalm 77:17 18: Th clouds pou out watr, th skis gav forth a sound, Your arrows flashd hr and thr. Th sound of Your thundr was in th whirlwind; th lightning lit up th world. Th arth trmbld and shook. Isa. 13:13: Thrfor, I will mak th havns trmbl and th arth will b shakn from its plac at th furry of Jhovah of th armis, in th day of His burning angr. Jr. 10:10: But Jhovah is th tru God. H is th living God and th vrlasting King. At His wrath, th arth quaks, and th nations cannot ndur His indignation. S also Psalm 18:7 Isa. 2:19, 21 24: :3 Jr. 51:29 Nahum 1:5. Mtorology has bcom quit an important and dynamic scinc today. W know about prssur, wind vlocity and dirction, what sms to draw a wathr systm this way or that, th location of clouds, th maning of clouds. W hav a varity of radar, w can track storms; and yt, our ability to pict wathr and to pict havy storms is wak. In th yar 2005, forcastrs wr surprisd by about twic as many tropical storms and hurricans in th Atlantic than thy xpctd; so far, this yar, it appars as though th opposit will occur. Howvr, in trminity past, God knw vrything thr is to know about vry storm; and it is all st into motion to concur with His plan for this arth and for our livs. A topic which on might pondr is, do ths storms follow natural, scintific laws or dos God choos for thm to bhav as thy bha v? F irst of all, scintific laws is a misnomr, bcaus scinc dos not mak ths laws and scinc cannot nforc thm; th wathr and all things natural function accoing to God s laws. Howvr, w cannot look at this within th confins of tim. W might s a situation and dtrmin that, Now would b a good tim to bring in a storm bcaus w ar in tim and confind to tim. God invntd tim and is not bound by tim. God dos not viw a situation hr on arth and say, Holy crap, I didn t know this would happn; I had bttr mak a storm to fix it. God is nvr surprisd; God is nvr caught off gua. God nvr savs on of us, and thn latr, thinks, I did not know that boy was going to nd up bing such a wasl; h is out of my Book of Lif. Ths things in mind, I bliv that God, in trnity past, dtrmind wathr pattrns, dtrmind ach and 12 Albrt Barns, Barns Nots on th Old Tstamnt; from -Swo, Judgs 5:4.

24 Judgs Chaptr vry storm, ach and vry arthquak; and st up a systm of divin laws which thy invariabl oby, which scinc is still working to discovr. Furthrmor, God took into account ach and vry prson s volition; ach and vry prayr which w would offr up as wll as th motivation bhind ach and vry prayr and st up all natural vnts to coincid prfctly with His plan. From our viwpoint, it may appar as though God suddnly brings on a storm for this or that rason (th cas in point is Sisra and his chariotrs doing battl with Barak); but God dtrmind th path and dirction and function of ach and vry storm from trnity past. Application: Sinc God has plannd ach and vry storm, and God knows vry dcision that I will vr mak; if thr is a wathr rlatd warning, can I thrfor ignor it, bcaus I am a blivr in Jsus Christ? Don t b silly! Som blivrs will find thmslvs in prcarious situations with rspct to wathr; as som will b caught in unxpctd natural phnomna; and som blivrs will vn los thir livs ovr natural vnts (w will all di). If you ar in a city undr mandatory hurrican vacuation, don t b an idiot and rfus to go. If thr is a svr wathr alrt, and you hav bn warnd to rmain insid, don t just hop in your car, basd on God s omnipotnc and omniscinc, so that you can catch th sal at Macy s. You ar in th sam world as th unblivrs around you; you ar subjct to th sam things which all unblivrs ar subjct to. If your city is undr a mandatory vacuation, thn don t barricad yourslf in your hom, dciding that you ar staying right thr bcaus God will provid. Did you vr think that mayb thr is a rason that you, and 200,000 of your nighbors, ar bing movd for a rason? Did you vr think that you might b rubbing shouldrs with th grat unwashd out thr for a rason? You do not gt to simply njoy day in and day out what you hav bgun to tak for grantd. Things chang, but God govrns this. Thr ar tims that you just go with th flow. I am rmindd of a prson who is facing a havy storm; and an vacuation bus gos down hr strt, offring hr a rid. Sh rfuss, saying, Don t worry; God will provid. Th rain kps on going and, at som point, sh finds hrslf sitting on top of thir hom during havy flooding, and sh is praying and praying to God for dlivranc. A crowdd boat gos by and thy offr hr a rid, and sh calls out, Don t worry, God will tak car of m. Th watrs continu to ris, vn though th storm has subsidd; and a rscu hlicoptr coms to rmov any victims that it can find; but sh says, Don t worry about m; I hav prayd to God; H will dlivr m. Sh dis in th storm, hr hous ovrrun with watr, and whn sh mts God sh asks Him about why H did not dlivr hr; and H answrs, I snt you a bus, a boat and a hlicoptr. I finally dcidd that you wr too dumb to liv and brought you hom. I hav run into a numbr of popl who, from th outsid, it is obvious to s God s prodding. I am rcalling on prospctiv tnant from th Katrina hurrican; and G od had givn hr a plac to stay; th popl who bcam acquaintd with hr wr going to gt hr st up in a nw hom; and had furnitur and othr things for hr; and I was going to accpt hr as a tnant. It was obvious to m that vrything had com togthr to provid hr with prtty much all that sh had lost in that storm; and yt, th last tim I was in touch with hr bnfactors, sh had ovrstayd hr wlcom and was unabl to mak a dcision of what to do (at th tim, sh could not dtrmin if sh wantd to rmain in th Houston ara or mov up to Dallas whr hr grown son, also an vacu, was). Now, to m, whn all of th doors opn as thy did, thn you walk through thos opn doors. Application: What s th problm? How can God opn so many doors; how can H mak it so obvious; and yt, som blivrs cannot mak a dcision to sav thir livs? It is a lack of doctrin and a lack of th filling of th Holy Spirit. You know this or that Scriptur, which you tout ovr all othrs; you hav this or that phony holy attitud; and th rsult is, you ithr cannot mak a dcision or you ar unabl to mak th corrct dcision. Prsonally, I can t tll you what is going to happn in my lif tomorrow. I do not know what I will b facd with, or what is going to happn, or what dcisions I am going to mak; howvr, I do know that looking back on my lif, divin guidanc has nvr bn a difficult thing. I v nvr had to pray and pray and pray for days on nd in or to mak a dcision; and I hav mad som big, lif-changing dcisions. I know that I hav gon off-topic hr, but lt m continu in this vin: Divin Guidanc 1. You nd to b filld with th Spirit. This is not a scond blssing or som motional xprinc, but

25 Th Book of th Judgs 729 Divin Guidanc achivd simply by naming your sins to God. 2. You nd doctrin in your soul; you must know divin viwpoint. This has to b a day-in and day-out thing. If you don t know what God is lik; if you do not hav any concpt of His plan; thn how will you b abl to figur out your plac in it? 3. Considr your motivations for your dcisions. Many tims, you mak th choics that you mak out of prid, arroganc, stubbornnss, or ha-haddnss. 4. As I havn mntiond bfor, I hav known a numbr of popl who sm to pondr ovr simpl dcisions and thir gnral arroganc and lack of doctrin sms to stand in th way of thir making a rlativly simpl dcision. 5. W don t know vrything thr is to know in this lif; howvr, God guids us and maks our pathways rasonably asy. Rturn to Chaptr Outlin Rturn to Charts, Maps and Short Doctrins Back to th narrativ at hand: A Summary Intrprtation of Judgs 5:4 Scriptur Y howah, whn You wnt forth from Sir, whn You marchd from th rgion of Edom, th ground quakd; morovr, th havns drippd; ya, clouds droppd watr. Incidnt Th languag usd hr can b intrprtd tmporally, as I hav don. W can tak this in two sparat ways: (1) This happnd around th tim that Isral marchd around Sir; or (2) this happnd whn or vry clos to th tim that Isral marchd around Sir. Th things which occur wr natural vnts. Isral did hav a run-in with th Edomits, who did not want Isral to pass through thir trritory. It appars as though Isral took a mor xtndd journy (Num. 20:14 21). W ar not rally givn much by way of spcifics, but it is possibl that God kpt th Edomits sparat from th Jws by arthquaks and rainstorms. In gnral, Dborah is looking back to Jhovah God and th powr H usd against Isral s nmis in th past, and sh is claiming that this is bing rpatd bfor hr ys. This intrprtation may not b as dfinitiv as you would lik, but you cannot assum too much. Rturn to Chaptr Outlin Rturn to Charts, Maps and Short Doctrins Mountains quakd from facs of Y howah; this Sinai from facs of Y howah, God of Isral. Judgs 5:5 Mountains quakd from bfor th fac of Y howah; This Sinai [quakd] from bfor th fac of Y howah, th God of Isral. Th mountains quakd in th prsnc of Jhovah; vn this mountain Sinai quakd bfor th prsnc of Jhovah, th God of Isral.

26 Judgs Chaptr Hr is how othrs hav translatd this vrs: Ancint txts: Masortic Txt Pshitta Sptuagint Significant diffrncs: Mountains quakd from facs of Y howah; this Sinai from facs of Y howah, Th mountains mltd from bfor th LORD, vn this Sinai from th prsnc of th LORD, th Holy on of Isral. Th mountains wr shakn bfor th fac of th Lo Eloi, this Sina bfor th fac of th Lo God of Isral. Th LXX adds in anothr wo for God in this vrs. Th Pshitta has th Holy On instad of God. Apart from thos things, thr ar no significant diffrncs. Thought-for-thought translations; paraphrass: CEV...rain pou from th sky, th arth trmbld, and mountains shook. Mostly litral rndrings (with som occasional paraphrasing): God s Wo HCSB...and th mountains shook in th prsnc of th LORD God of Sinai, in th prsnc of th LORD God of Isral. Th mountains mltd bfor th LORD, vn Sinai bfor th LORD, th God of Isral. Litral, almost wo-for-wo, rndrings: ESV WEB Young s Updatd LT Th mountains quakd bfor th LORD, vn Sinai bfor th LORD, th God of Isral. Th mountains quakd at th prsnc of Yahwh, vn Sinai, at th prsnc of Yahwh, th God of Isral. Hills flowd from th fac of Jhovah, This on Sinai From th fac of Jhovah, God of Isral. What is th gist of this vrs? God vn causs arthquaks, including thos which occur on Mount Sinai. Judgs 5:5a Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs har (ø äç ) [pronouncd har] hill; mountain, mount; hill-country masculin plural noun Strong s #2042 (and #2022) BDB #249 nâzal (ìæç È ð) [pronouncd naw-zahl to drip, to distill, to flow, to trickl; to mlt; to run [down]; to dscnd 3 prson plural, Qal prfct Strong s #5140 BDB #633 Own offrs th following altrnativ: zâlal (ììç È æ) [pronouncd zaw-lahl] to b shakn, to trmbl, to quak; to b agitatd 3 prson plural, Niphal prfct Strong s #2151 BDB #272

27 Th Book of th Judgs 731 Judgs 5:5a Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs This vrb appars to b a homonym with to b a glutton, to look to satisfy on s own apptits, to satiat on s own lusts. Th Tanakh undrstands this in th sam way, and points to th Aramaic Targum as justification. Howvr, w do not nd to obsss on this as, mountains flowing or mlting is rally not much diffrnt from th rsults of a quak. min (ï îò ) [pronouncd min] from, away from, out from, out of from, off, on account of, sinc, abov, than, so that not, abov, byond, mor than prposition of sparation Strong's #4480 BDB #577 pânîym (íé ð ò È ) [pronouncd paw-neem] fac, facs, countnanc; prsnc masculin plural construct (plural acts lik English singular) Strong s #6440 BDB #815 Togthr, mipânîym man from bfor th fac of; out from bfor th fac, from th prsnc of. Howvr, togthr, thy can also b a rfrnc to th caus, whthr nar or rmot, and can thrfor b rnd bcaus of, bcaus that. YHWH (äåäé) [pronunciation is possibly yhoh-wah] translitratd variously as Jhovah, Yahwh, Y howah propr noun Strong s #3068 BDB #217 Translation: Mountains quakd from bfor th fac of Yhowah;... On of th things that you should lik about Hbrw potry is th or in which it is writtn. Th subjct of th vrs coms first and thn th vrb, rathr than vic vrsa. This maks Hbrw potry sound lik normal English and Hbrw pros sound somwhat potic whn litrally rnd with rgas to th wo or. 13 Thr is som disagrmnt with rgas to th first vrb. Th MT has to drip, to distill, to flow, to trickl. Th wo which possibly should b hr is th 3 prson plural, Niphal prfct of zâlal (ì ìç æè ) [pronouncd zaw-lahl], which mans to shak, to b agitatd, to quak. This lattr viw agrs with th Sptuagint. Howvr, you nd not obsss on this, as I mntion in th Hbrw xgsis. Crtainly, thr is a rlationship; th quaking would rsult in a mountain which would tumbl, flow, and bcom almost liquid in its bhavior. What w might xpct to find is both vrbs, as thy could b usd to dscrib th sam phnomna from a diffrnt prspctiv. Gill commnts: Th sns is, th mountains mltd, just as th famous mountain Sinai in a litral sns did, whn it trmbld and quakd at th prsnc of God on it; th tokns of it, th fir and smok, thundrs, lightnings, and tmpsts thr sn and ha. 14 You will rcall th violnt quaking and th thundrstorms of Mount Sinai whn Isral first stoppd thr: So it cam to pass on th thi day, whn it was morning, that thr wr thundring sounds and lightning flashs and a thick cloud upon th mountain and a vry loud trumpt sound, so that all th popl who wr in th camp trmbld. And Moss brought th popl out of th camp to mt God and thy stood at th foot of th mountain. Now Mount Sinai was all in smok bcaus Jhovah dscndd upon in it fir; and it smok ascndd lik th smok of a furnac and th whol mountain quakd violntly (Ex. 19:16 18). Now whn all th popl saw th thundr and 13 This is NOT th vrb found in Psalm 97:5. 14 Dr. John Gill, John Gill s Exposition of th Entir Bibl; from -Swo, Judgs 5:5.

28 Judgs Chaptr th flashs of lightning and th sound of th trumpt and th mountain smoking, th popl wr afraid and trmbld, and thy stood far off (Ex. 20:18). Judgs 5:5b Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs zh (äæ) [pronouncd zh] hr, this, this on; thus; possibly anothr dmonstrativ adjctiv Strong s #2088, 2090 (& 2063) BDB #260 Çîynai (éðé - ñ. ) [pronouncd s-nah] thorny; translitratd Sinai singular propr noun Strong s #5514 BDB #696 min (ï îò ) [pronouncd min] from, away from, out from, out of from, off, on account of, sinc, abov, than, so that not, abov, byond, mor than prposition of sparation Strong's #4480 BDB #577 pânîym (íé ð ò È ) [pronouncd paw-neem] fac, facs, countnanc; prsnc masculin plural construct (plural acts lik English singular) Strong s #6440 BDB #815 Togthr, mipânîym man from bfor th fac of; out from bfor th fac, from th prsnc of. Howvr, togthr, thy can also b a rfrnc to th caus, whthr nar or rmot, and can thrfor b rnd bcaus of, bcaus that. YHWH (äåäé) [pronunciation is possibly yhoh-wah] translitratd variously as Jhovah, Yahwh, Y howah propr noun Strong s #3068 BDB #217 Translation: This Sinai [quakd] from bfor th fac of Y howah, th God of Isral. Apparntly, thr was apparntly a trrific arthquak in north-cntral Isral during th war of Dborah and Barak, as wll as a rainstorm which nutralizd th chariots of Sisra. Actually, w don t know about th arthquak, but w hav a mntion of th Torrnt Kishon swping thm away in Judgs 5:21, which suggsts a rainstorm. In any cas, thr ar natural phnomnon during this battl which caus Dborah to rcall Isral at Mount Sinai, and to cit it as a similar xampl of God s powr and involvmnt. So, vn though sh is historically pointing back to Moss and th popl of Isral at Sinai, sh is, at th sam tim, drawing a paralll to what occur during th war against th Canaanits. Sh thrfor calls it this Sinai. This indicats to m that, whil th Jws wr on Mount Tabor, and charging down to th Canaanits, that God causd grat natural phnomnon which accompanid thir charg. It was wll undrstood by all popls of that ara that thr was a spcial rlationship btwn Isral and Jhovah. It was rcognizd that Jhovah s powr might b gratr than th avrag hathn god; although th xtnt of that acknowldgmnt was usually th diffrnc btwn salvation and damnation. Howvr, to undrstand th psychology hr, ths mn of Sisra had control ovr Isral for two dcads, although thy did hav this undrstanding of this pculiar rlationship btwn Isral and Jhovah. Now that thy ar going to war against Isral, th suddn thundr, lightning and quaking of th arth maks ths popl raliz that thy ar facing mor than just an army of foot soldirs. Isral xpcts th hlp of God and Sisra and his mn far that such a thing could occur. So whn all of th lmnts appar to conspir against th army of Sisra, thy ar struck with a trrific far. Many popl ar thmslvs struck with grat far whn facd with arthquaks or trmndous storms. Imagin furthr if you ralizd that this storm was brought upon by God for th purpos of bing against you. This mad th storm all th mor frightning.

29 Th Book of th Judgs 733 Rturn to Chaptr Outlin Charts, Maps and Short Doctrins I v mntiond and quotd from th paralll passags; now lt s put thm all togthr: Th Paralll Passags Scriptur Judgs 5:4 5 Txt Y howah, whn You wnt forth from Sir, whn You marchd from th rgion of Edom, th ground quakd; morovr, th havns drippd; ya, clouds droppd watr. Mountains quakd from bfor th fac of Y howah; This Sinai [quakd] from bfor th fac of Y howah, th God of Isral. Dborah looks back to God s grat powr bing rvald whn Isral was marching from Egypt to th Land of Promis. Th phras this Sinai suggsts that thr was an arthquak at Mount Tabor, and th natural phnomna of Mount Sinai wr also xprincd at Mount Tabor. In fact, I would think that this Sinai is a potic rfrnc to Mount Tabor, whr God s prsnc was clarly mad know. Psalm 68:7 9 O God, whn you wnt out bfor your popl, whn you marchd through th wildrnss, Slah. th arth quakd, th havns pou down rain, bfor God, th On of Sinai, bfor God, th God of Isral. Rain in abundanc, O God, you shd abroad; you rsto your inhritanc as it languishd. Psalm 68 looks back at Isral s history and this particular passag brifly alluds to th wildrnss march, whr God brought arthquaks and rainstorms.

30 Judgs Chaptr Th Paralll Passags Scriptur Habak. 3:3 16 Txt God cam from Tman, and th Holy On from Mount Paran. His splndor cov th havns, and th arth was full of his prais. Slah. His brightnss was lik th light; rays flashd from his hand; and thr h vild his powr. Bfor him wnt pstilnc, and plagu followd at his hls. H stood and masu th arth; h lookd and shook th nations; thn th trnal mountains wr scatt; th vrlasting hills sank low. His wr th vrlasting ways. I saw th tnts of Cushan in affliction; th curtains of th land of Midian did trmbl. Was your wrath against th rivrs, O LORD? Was your angr against th rivrs, or your indignation against th sa, whn you rod on your horss, on your chariot of salvation? You strippd th shath from your bow, calling for many arrows. Slah. You split th arth with rivrs. Th mountains saw you and writhd; th raging watrs swpt on; th dp gav forth its voic; it liftd its hands on high. Th sun and moon stood still in thir plac at th light of your arrows as thy spd, at th flash of your glittring spar. You marchd through th arth in fury; you thrshd th nations in angr. You wnt out for th salvation of your popl, for th salvation of your anointd. You crushd th had of th hous of th wickd, laying him bar from thigh to nck. Slah. You pircd with his own arrows th hads of his warriors, who cam lik a whirlwind to scattr m, rjoicing as if to dvour th poor in scrt. You trampld th sa with your horss, th surging of mighty watrs. I har, and my body trmbls; my lips quivr at th sound; rottnnss ntrs into my bons; my lgs trmbl bnath m. Yt I will quitly wait for th day of troubl to com upon popl who invad us. Habbakkuk probably obsrvd th Babylonian invasion of Judah, and h asks God how can H allow such a ruthlss popl to ovrpowr His Own nation. Th answr is, God has dliv His popl in th past (our passag abov), and thrfor, H will dlivr thm in th futur, causing Habakkuk to conclud: I will rjoic in Jhovah, and I will b joyous with th God of my dlivranc (Habak. 3:18). What w sm to hav vry littl mntion of in narrativ is that God providd Isral with watr during th journy from Egypt to th Land of Promis. This would obviously com in th form of rain (although, during som dry splls, God providd watr miraculously, by th rock which rprsnts our Lo). Rturn to Chaptr Outlin Rturn to Charts, Maps and Short Doctrins Dborah Establishs Tim and Plac In days of Shamgar bn Anath; in days of Jal, casd highways and gors of paths wnt [on] highways crookd. Judgs 5:6 In th days of Shamgar bn Anath [and] in th days of Jal, th highways casd and travlrs of paths travld on crookd highways.

31 Th Book of th Judgs 735 During th tim of Shamgar b n Anath and Ja l, fr mov m nt on th highways n arly c as d; travlrs took th back routs instad. W los a lot of th allitration in th English, as wll as th rptition of crtain wos in slightly diffrnt forms. It is a vry playful us of wos. Prhaps som of th loosr translations can hlp to convy this and som might hlp to convy th maning of all this: Ancint txts: Masortic Txt Sptuagint Significant diffrncs: In days of Shamgar bn Anath; in days of Jal, casd highways and gors of paths wnt [on] highways crookd. In th days of Samgar son of Anath, in th days of Jal, thy dsrtd th ways, and wnt in by ways; thy wnt in crookd paths. No significant diffrncs. Thought-for-thought translations; paraphrass: CEV NAB NJB NLT TEV In th tim of Shamgar son of Anath, and now again in Jal's tim, roads wr too dangrous for caravans. Travlrs had to tak th back roads,... In th days of Shamgar, son of Anath, in th days of slavry caravans casd; Thos who travld th roads wnt by roundabout paths....thr wr no mor caravans; thos who wnt forth on thir travls took thir way along by-paths. In th days of Shamgar son of Anath, and in th days of Jal, popl avoidd th main roads, and travlrs stayd on crookd sid paths. In th days of Shamgar son of Anath, in th days of Jal, caravans no longr wnt through th land, and travlrs usd th back roads. Mostly litral rndrings (with som occasional paraphrasing): God s Wo HCSB JPS (Tanakh) In th days of Shamgar, son of Anath, in th days of Jal, roads wr dsrtd. Thos who travld took back roads. In th days of Shamgar son of Anath, in th days of Jal, th main ways wr dsrtd, bcaus travlrs kpt to th sid roads. In th days of Shamgar son of Anath [or, th Bth-anathit], In th days of Jal, caravans [or, roads] casd, And wayfarrs wnt By roundabout paths. Litral, almost wo-for-wo, rndrings: MKJV NRSV WEB In th days of Shamgar th son of Anath, in th days of Jal, th highways wr mpty, and th travlrs walkd through crookd ways. In th days of Shamgar son of Anath, in th days of Jal, caravans casd and travlrs kpt to th byways. In th days of Shamgar th son of Anath, in th days of Jal, th highways wr unoccupid. Th travlrs walkd through byways.

32 Judgs Chaptr Young s Updatd LT In th days of Shamgar son of Anath In th days of Jal Th ways hav casd, And thos going in th paths go in crookd ways. What is th gist of this vrs? During th tim of Shamgar and Jal, thr was no ral fom in Isral; whn travling, Isralits kpt to th off-roads, and did not go on th main highways (for far of th Canaanits). Judgs 5:6a Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs h b ( ) [pronouncd b ] Ó in, into, through; at, by, nar, on, upon; with, bfor, against; by mans of; among; within a prposition of proximity No Strong s # BDB #88 yâmîym (íéî. È é) [pronouncd yaw- MEEM] days, a st of days; tim of lif, liftim; a spcific tim priod, a yar masculin plural noun Strong s #3117 BDB #398 Th construct phras is litrally in days; and this phras is proprly rnd in th days of, during th tim of, at th tim of. Th concpt hr rfrs to a particular tim. Shamgar (ø î ) - - [pronouncd shahm - GAHR] swo; translitratd Shamgar masculin singular, propr noun Strong s #8044 BDB #1029 bên (ï Å ) [pronouncd ban] son, dscndant masculin singular construct Strong s #1121 BDB #119 Ânâth (ú ðè òè ) [pronouncd ìawn- AWTH] answr, answr [to prayr]; indmnity, fin; translitratd Anath masculin singular, propr noun Strong s #6067 BDB #779 Translation: In th days of Shamgar bn Anath... Shamgar is mntiond twic in Scriptur hr, and in Judgs 3:31, but all w know is that h struck down 600 Philistins with an ox-goad, thus dlivring Isral. W ar not told of th prcis circumstancs. Judgs 5:6b Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs h b ( ) [pronouncd b ] Ó in, into, through; at, by, nar, on, upon; with, bfor, against; by mans of; among; within a prposition of proximity No Strong s # BDB #88 yâmîym (íéî. È é) [pronouncd yaw- MEEM] days, a st of days; tim of lif, liftim; a spcific tim priod, a yar masculin plural noun Strong s #3117 BDB #398 Th construct phras is litrally in days; and this phras is proprly rnd in th days of, during th tim of, at th tim of. Th concpt hr rfrs to a particular tim. Yâ êl (ìò é) È [pronouncd yaw-ìale] translitratd Jal fminin singular, propr noun Strong s #3278 BDB #418

33 Th Book of th Judgs 737 Translation:...[and] in th days of Jal,... Hr, it is implid that Shamgar and Jal ar contmporaris. Possibly, his old ag coincidd with hr in hr youth. T h is d o s h lp to st up a tim lin for this tim priod, howvr. Rcall that I mntiond that som judgs would b contmporaris and that thy would function in diffrnt parts of Isral. In Judgs 3, w discussd Ehud, and, in th final vrs, Shamgar is mntiond. Again hr, h is mntiond, and in conjunction with Jal, suggsting that thy ar contmporaris. Furthrmor, Judgs 4 tak plac aftr Ehud dis (Judgs 4:1). All of this suggsts that, Ehud dliv Isral from th hand of Moab; h did, and Isral wnt apostat again. During this tim of apostasy, thr was a judg, Shamgar, who killd 600 Philistins (h probably livd in northrn Judah or in far wstrn Isral); and thr was Dborah, a judg who prsidd simultanously in north cntral Isral. Bcaus Shamgar and Dborah ar contmporaris, w do not hav a sparat listing of how long h ruld, th priod of rst, and thn hav this rpatd for Dborah. In fact, all w will b told is, [aftr ths things] th land had rst for 40 yars (Judgs 5:31c). Judgs 5:6c Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs châdal (ìã ÇçÈ ) [pronouncd khaw- DAHL] to cas and dsist, to lav off, to cas, to lav, to forsak 3 prson plural, Qal prfct Strong s #2308 BDB #292 ôrach (çøéà) - [pronouncd OH-rahkh] a [wll-troddn] road; way, path; mtonyms: travlr; travling company, caravan; mtaphorically: a cours [way] of living [or action]; mod, mannr, way; a path of lif masculin plural noun Strong s #734 BDB #73 Translation:...th highways casd... Th vrb is th Qal prfct of to lav off, to cas, to dsist. What casd was th masculin plural paths, ways, highways. This is lliptical. Th highways didn t cas, pr s (i.., thy did not disappar, thy wr not dstroyd), but travling along th highways did cas almost ntirly. Whn ancint roads fll into disus, wds and trs and bushs grw up in thm, causing th roads thmslvs to dgnrat into countrysid. Judgs 5:6d Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs w (or v ) (å) [pronouncd wh] and, vn, thn; namly; whn; sinc, that, so that; though simpl wâw conjunction No Strong s # BDB #251 hâlak ( ìç äè ) [pronouncd haw-lahk ] thos walking, thos going, thos who ar dparting; walkrs, travlrs masculin plural, Qal activ participl Strong s #1980 (and #3212) BDB #229 n thîybâh (äáè éú. ð) [pronouncd n th v - BAW] path, pathway, footpath, a troddn down path fminin plural noun Strong s #5410 BDB #677 hâlak ( ìç äè ) [pronouncd haw-lahk ] to go, to com, to dpart, to walk; to advanc 3 prson masculin plural, Qal imprfct Strong s #1980 (and #3212) BDB #229

34 Judgs Chaptr Judgs 5:6d Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs ôrach (çøéà) - [pronouncd OH-rahkh] a [wll-troddn] road; way, path; mtonyms: travlr; travling company, caravan; mtaphorically: a cours [way] of living [or action]; mod, mannr, way; a path of lif masculin plural noun Strong s #734 BDB #73 ã qal qâl (ì È ì òâ ) - [pronouncd guh-kahl - KAWL] crookd, winding; torturous fminin plural, intnsiv adjctiv Strong s #6128 BDB #785 Translation:...and travlrs of paths travld on crookd highways. Th participl of to go, to com, to dpart, to walk is found hr, and rnd variously as thos going (Young); travlrs (KJV, NASB and Own, who all ignor th noun which follows); frquntrs (Rothrham, whos translation dos not mak sns without th noun that follows). What follows this construct is th fminin plural path, cours of lif, path of lif. So our subjct is th travlrs of paths. Th vrb which follows is th Qal imprfct of to go, to com, to dpart, to walk (w just had th participl). This is followd by th fminin plural of ôrach, again, which path, way, highway. Ths paths or highways ar dscribd by th adjctiv which mans crookd, roundabout paths. What has happnd is that fr trad has bcom rstrictd and travl has ithr casd or don along back routs. On of th signs of a dictatorship is th rstriction of travl and th rstriction of fr trad; or, as was 15 probably th cas at this tim, th roads wr unsaf du to nmy garrisons and marauding bands. W hav a similar situation spokn of whn Isral will fall undr th judgmnt of God again: Th highways ar dsolat, th travlr has casd. H has brokn th covnant; h has dspisd th citis. H has not rga for man (Isa. 33:8). Matthw Hnry dscribs th lif lik this: [Thr is littl or] no trad. For want of soldirs to protct mn of businss in thir businss from th incursions of th nmy, and for want of magistrats to rstrain and punish thivs and robbrs among thm (mn of brokn fortuns and dsprat spirits, that, having no mploymnt, took to rob on th highroad), all commrc casd, and th highways wr unoccupid; no caravans of mrchants, as formrly...[furthrmor, thr was] no travling. Whras in tims whn thr was som or and govrnmnt th travlrs might b saf in th opn roads, and th robbrs wr forcd to lurk in th by-ways, no, on th contrary, th robbrs insultd on th opn roads without chck, and th honst travlrs wr obligd to skulk and walk through by-way. 16 Gill suggsts: Th public roads wr so infstd with thivs and robbrs, who stoppd all thy mt with, and robbd thm of what thy had, that travllrs and mrchants with thir carriags wr obligd ithr to quit thir mploymnts, and not travl at all; or, if thy did, wr obligd to go in privat roads, and roundabout ways, to kp clar of thos rappars th highways and public roads aboundd with. 17 Intrstingly nough, fom of movmnt (or lack of) is alludd to svral tims in Scriptur: Lv. 26:22 2Chron. 15:5 Isa. 33:8 Lam. 1:4, 18 Micah 3: Th NIV Study Bibl; 1995 by Th Zondrvan Corporation; p Matthw Hnry, Commntary on th Whol Bibl; from -Swo, Judgs 5: Dr. John Gill, John Gill s Exposition of th Entir Bibl; from -Swo, Judgs 5:6.

35 Th Book of th Judgs 739 I hav rwrittn most of th points on this list: Matthw Hnry s List of What Isral s Opprssion Consistd Of 1. Isral lackd fr trad. Thr wr no Israli soldirs who protctd businssmn and tradrs from th attacks of bandits and thivs; thr wr no magistrats to rstrain and punish ths actions. Evn wors,mn of brokn fortuns and dsprat spirits, that, having no mploymnt, took to rob on th highroad. All commrc casd, and th highways wr unoccupid; thr wr no caravans of mrchants. 2. Isral lackd fom of movmnt. Whras in tims whn thr was som or and govrnmnt th travlrs might b saf in th opn roads, and th robbrs wr forcd to lurk in th by-ways, [undr Canaanits opprssion], th robbrs movd unchckd on th opn roads and th honst travlrs wr forcd to stay off th batn path, to avoid thivs and Canaanits. 3. Isral s farming was cut way back. Th filds must nds b laid wast and unoccupid whn th inhabitants of th villags, th country farmrs, casd from thir mploymnt, quittd thir houss which wr continually alarmd and plund by th banditti, and wr obligd to tak shltr for thmslvs and thir familis in walld and fncd citis. A farmr is going to grow crops in or to fd th country; and his food would b tradd for othr itms. Rstrict trad and travl, and thr is no rason for th farmr to grow vry much. 4. Thr was no administration of justic in Isral. Thr was war in th gats whr thir courts wr kpt (Judgs 5:8). Th continual incursions of th nmy dprivd th magistrats of th dignity, and th popl of th bnfit, of thir govrnmnt. 5. Thr was no pac to him that wnt out nor to him that cam in. Th gats through which thy passd and rpassd wr infstd by th nmy; th placs of drawing watr wr placs whr thivs would li in wait. 6. Isral lackd arms, ladrship and th spirit with which to hlp thmslvs. Thr was not a shild nor spar sn among forty thousand (Judgs 5:8). Eithr thy wr disarmd by thir opprssors, or thy thmslvs nglctd th art of war; so that, though thy had spars and shilds, thy wr not to b sn, but wr thrown by and suff to rust, thy having nithr skill nor will to us thm. Th italicizd portions ar slightly ditd and from Matthw Hnry, Commntary on th Whol Bibl; from -Swo, Judgs 5:6 11. Rturn to Chaptr Outlin Rturn to Charts, Maps and Short Doctrins Casd tru ladrship in Isral casd until which I aros, Dborah, I aros, a mothr in Isral. Judgs 5:7 Tru ladrship casd in Isral. It casd until I Dborah aros, I aros, a mothr in Isral. Tru ladrship had casd in Isral; It casd until I, Dborah, aros; a mothr in Isral. Thr ar a fw significant diffrncs btwn translations, so I will list thm hr: Ancint txts: Masortic Txt Sptuagint Casd tru ladrship in Isral casd until which I aros, Dborah, I aros, a mothr in Isral.. Th mighty mn in Isral faild, thy faild until Dbborn aros, until sh aros a mothr in Isral.

36 Judgs Chaptr Significant diffrncs: Th maning of this first noun is discussd blow; but thr ar disagrmnts whn it coms to th intrprtation of it. Mor importantly, th Hbrw is st mphatically 1 prson; th Grk is a 3 prson approach. Th Latin and th Grk agr; th Syriac and th Hbrw agr. Thought-for-thought translations; paraphrass: CEV NLT REB... and villagrs couldn't work in thir filds. Thn Dborah took command, protcting Isral as a mothr protcts hr childrn. Thr wr fw popl lft in th villags of Isral until Dborah aros as a mothr for Isral. Champions thr wr non, non lft in Isral, until you, Dborah, aros, aros as a mothr in Isral. Mostly litral rndrings (with som occasional paraphrasing): God s Wo HCSB JPS (Tanakh) NIV Villags in Isral wr dsrtd- dsrtd until I, Dborah, took a stand- took a stand as a mothr of Isral. Villags wr dsrtd, thy wr dsrtd in Isral, until I, Dborah, I aros, a mothr in Isral. Dlivranc casd, Casd in Isral, Till you [Hbrw: qamti, archaic scond-prson singular fminin] aros, O Dborah, Aros, O mothr, in Isral! Villag lif [or, Warriors] in Isral casd, casd until I, Dborah, aros, aros a mothr in Isral. Litral, almost wo-for-wo, rndrings: Th Amplifid Bibl Th Emphasizd Bibl NASB WEB Young s Updatd LT Th villags wr unoccupid, and rulrs casd in Isral, until you aros, you Dborah, aros, a mothr in Isral. Thr was a failur of rulrs In Isral, a failur, Until I aros, a Dborah, aros a mothr in Isral: Th pasantry casd, thy casd in Isral, Until I, Dborah, aros, Until I aros, a mothr in Isral. Th rulrs casd in Isral. Thy casd until I, Dborah, aros; Until I aros a mothr in Isral. Villags casd in Isral thy casd, Till that I aros Dborah, That I aros, a mothr in Isral. What is th gist of this vrs? Tru ladrship did not xist in Isral until Dborah aros, as sh hrslf tlls us in this vrs. Judgs 5:7a Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs châdal (ìã ÇçÈ ) [pronouncd khaw- DAHL] to cas and dsist, to lav off, to cas, to lav, to forsak 3 prson plural, Qal prfct Strong s #2308 BDB #292

37 Th Book of th Judgs 741 Judgs 5:7a Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs p râzôwn (ï æ È ) ø Ó [pronouncd p raw- ZOHN] rul, dominion; rural xpansion; tru ladrship masculin singular noun Strong s #6520 BDB #826 This wo is translatd as follows: pasantry (NASB, Own), villags (Young), villagrs ESV); rulrs (Rothrham), mighty mn (Sptuagint) and villag lif (NIV). This wo is vry similar to th masculin noun p râzîy (é æ ø ò È ) [pronouncd p raw-zee], which mans villags, Ó hamlts, country ara, country dwllr. (Strong s #6521 BDB #826). It is also similar to th wo which mans country, villags, opn rgion (Strong s #6519 BDB #826). Howvr, it is also similar to th wo pârâz (æ ø È È ) [pronouncd paw-rawz], which mans ithr villags or ladrs. This wo is found only in Habak. 3:14. Strong s #6518 BDB #826. h b ( ) [pronouncd b ] Ó in, into, through; at, by, nar, on, upon; with, bfor, against; by mans of; among; within a prposition of proximity No Strong s # BDB #88 Yis râ êl (ìà Å øè Ó é)ò [pronouncd yis-raw- ALE] translitratd Isral masculin propr noun Strong s #3478 BDB #975 Translation: Tru ladrship casd in Isral. What first casd is discussd abov. This wo occurs hr and in v. 11. W might could gt away with th rndring rural xpansion. In xamining this in contxt Dborah saying, until I aros maks m think that this wo should b rnd tru ladrship. Thr was not a ladrship; thr was no polic forc, thr was no army in plac. Thr was nothing to insur th protction of th individual. W do not hav prsonal fom without an umbrlla of authority. Furthrmor, travling and fr trad in Isral wr rstrictd or simply casd until Dborah aros, a mothr in Isral. 18 Th NIV Study Bibl; 1995 by Th Zondrvan Corporation; p Adam Clark, Commntary on th Bibl; from -Swo, Judgs 5:7. 20 What th NIV Study Bibl suggsts is that th inhabitants of villags fld to walld towns for protction. 18 Clark givs ssntially th sam intrprtation (Th popl wr obligd to liv togthr in fortifid 19 placs; or in grat numbrs, to protct ach othr against th incursions of bands of spoilrs). Gill gos into gratr dtail: Not only did thos Canaanitish robbrs go upon th highway, and robbd all thy mt with, which mad travlling difficult and dangrous; but nt into th villags and unwalld towns, and brok into houss and plund thm; so that th inhabitants of thm wr obligd to quit thir dwllings, and go into th fortifid citis for scurity; by which mans th villags wr lft mpty, 20 and in tim fll to ruin, and casd. You s, whn som hostil rulrs tak ovr an ara, thy provid som modicum of protction for th inhabitants of th ara. Jabin and Sisra wr intrstd in ruling ovr th land and collcting thir du from th popl, but thy did not giv back anything in rturn. Th altrnat intrprtation which I am going with is, th local rulrship and control casd; Jabin and Sisra control ths aras, as wll as th mn undr thm. This maks vn bttr sns, but is mor difficult to support from th original languags. Evn givn thos two intrprtations, Jamison, Fausst and Brown givs a gnralizd approach: Th song procds in ths vrss to dscrib th sad condition of th country, th opprssion of th Dr. John Gill, John Gill s Exposition of th Entir Bibl; from -Swo, Judgs 5:7.

38 Judgs Chaptr popl, and th origin of all th national distrss in th popl's apostasy from God. Idolatry was th caus of forign invasion and intrnal inability to rsist it. Th ida is, thy ar bing opprssd by a forign powr du to thir idolatry and apostasy; and this is what w would hav xpctd. It is my viw that Dborah cits somthing mor spcific for hr ra, and that is a complt lack of spiritual ladrship (in Isral, that would man a lack of spiritual and political ladrship). Judgs 5:7b Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs châdal (ìã ÇçÈ ) [pronouncd khaw- DAHL] to cas and dsist, to lav off, to cas, to lav, to forsak 3 prson plural, Qal prfct; pausal form Strong s #2308 BDB #292 Translation: It casd... W ar going to hav a rptition of wos hr. This ntir vrs has a lot of rptition and whn viwd as a whol, th potic natur of th vrs will b clar. What has casd is, tru ladrship in Isral, a void which Dborah fills. Judgs 5:7c Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs ad (ã òç ) [pronouncd ìahd] as far as, vn to, up to, until prposition Strong s #5704 BDB #723 ã shr (ø àâ ) [pronouncd uh-sher] that, which, whn, who, whom rlativ pronoun Strong's #834 BDB #81 Togthr, ad and ãshr man until that, until. Gnrally usd of an vnt which occur in th past. Th wo which w actually find hr is... sh ( ) [pronouncd shh] who, which, that rlativ particl: Strong s #7945 (from #834) BDB #979 This appars to b a form of or a synonym of th rlativ pronoun ãshr (ø àâ ) [pronouncd uh-sher], which mans that, which, whn, who or how. Strong's #834 BDB #81. Its usag appars to b confind to latr 21 Hbrw and passags with a northrn Palstin coloring. I list th othr rlativ pronoun, as it has a common maning whn combind with ad; thrfor, w should xpct that ad + this particl also mans until that, until. qûwm (í ) [pronouncd koom] to stand, to ris up, to gt up; to stablish, to stablish a vow, to caus a vow to stand, to confirm or to fulfill a vow st 1 prson singular, Qal prfct Strong s #6965 BDB #877 D bôwrâh (ä ø È á ) b Ó [pronouncd d -voh- RAW], b; translitratd Dborah fminin singular noun Strong s #1683 BDB # Th Brown-Drivr-Briggs Hbrw and English Lxicon; Hndrickson Publishrs; h1996; p. 979.

39 Th Book of th Judgs 743 Translation:...until I Dborah aros,... Whatvr was lacking, Dborah aros and filld th gap. My intrprtation coms from this portion of th vrs; somthing is missing; Dborah ariss to rplac that which is missing. What maks sns is, thr is a lack of ladrship in Isral; and, as unusual as it may sm, Dborah, a woman, riss up to tak a position of ladrship. I say unusual, as womn ar not gnrally portrayd as ladrs or as thos in authority in Scriptur. Howvr, in a priod of tim whn mn do not assum positions of ladrship, thn somtims it is ncssary for a strong woman to do so. Th intrprtation that pasantry, or rural population or somthing of that natur casd, until Dborah aros, just dos not sm to mak much sns. Judgs 5:7d Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs qûwm (í ) [pronouncd koom] to stand, to ris up, to gt up; to stablish, to stablish a vow, to caus a vow to stand, to confirm or to fulfill a vow st 1 prson singular, Qal prfct Strong s #6965 BDB #877 êm (í à ) [pronouncd aim] mothr fminin singular noun Strong s #517 BDB #51 h b ( ) [pronouncd b ] Ó in, into, through; at, by, nar, on, upon; with, bfor, against; by mans of; among; within a prposition of proximity No Strong s # BDB #88 Yis râ êl (ìà Å øè Ó é)ò [pronouncd yis-raw- ALE] translitratd Isral masculin propr noun Strong s #3478 BDB #975 Translation:...I aros, a mothr in Isral. F.F. Bruc suggsts (and Th Amplifid Bibl as wll as othrs go along st with him) that th doubling of th vrb hr could b undrstood not as a 1 prson (which is how it rads in th nd Hbrw), but as an archaic 2 prson singular you aros. To add to this confusion, th Grk rads that Dborah aros. I don t s any prssing rason why w should stray from th actual Hbrw. Th doubling of th scond vrb would match potically with th doubling of th first. Lt s look at this vrs as a whol: Th Potic Natur of Judgs 5:7 Scriptur Tru ladrship casd in Isral. It casd until I Dborah aros, I aros, a mothr in Isral. Explanation Casd actually bgins this and th nxt lin. Th rptition of th wo casd mphasizs th dir straights that Isral is in. W bgin this lin with dspair, but w nd with hop I, Dborah, aros. Dborah mphasizs hr humbl bginnings; sh is not th daughtr of a judg or th wif of a grat, falln warrior; sh is simply a mothr in Isral who had to ris to th occasion.

40 Judgs Chaptr Sinc no man riss to a position of ladrship, Dborah hrslf must ris to th occasion. This is not som powr-hungry fmal who wants th chanc to tll mn what sh wants thm to do; this is a woman who taks a stand bcaus it is ncssary for hr country. Sh is not grabbing whatvr powr that sh can; sh is filling a void. McG concurs with my opinion, as you will s. Rturn to Chaptr Outlin Rturn to Charts, Maps and Short Doctrins McG: Dborah confsss that sh is a mothr in Isral and was not looking for a job at all. Th fact that sh took th lad is no rflction on hr. Sh was God s choic. History affos man such xampls. Thr was Molly Pitchr, th wif of a Rvolutionary soldir, who, at th battl of Monmouth, mannd th cannon at which hr husband had just falln. Othr xampls ar Joan of Arc, th Frnch 22 hroin, and Znobia, Qun of Palmyra. And, of cours, Xna, warrior princss. McG, again: Dborah was on of th outstanding judgs. Sh far xcdd Othnil in ability. It is an vidnc of dclin, howvr, whn womn com in into th position of authority. It is a sign of waknss and of a flabby ag. W hav alrady sn that wak-knd gnral, Barak. H was a sissy. H wantd to stay hom and did not want to fight at all. Dborah had to agr to go with him bfor h was willing to go and battl th nmy...rgalss of what you might think (and I know I may sound vry out of dat, spcially in this day of womn s rights), Amrica is paying an awful pric for taking womn into its dfns systm and into industry. I mad this statmnt as far back as 1948, and I am no propht, but I pictd a backwash of immorality if womn lft th hom. Wll, it crtainly cam to pass. First thr was an pidmic of womn shooting thir husbands, dsrting thir childrn, bcoming dop pddlrs and committing suicid. Thr ar many things that ar consid a mnac in our country inflation, crim, forign aggrssion but I fl that th gratst dangr is that womn ar laving thir plac in th hom. 23 What McG did not mntion, and somthing which was probably unthinkabl to him at that tim, was th incibl sxual immorality which would bfall Amrican womn as wll, who hav dbasd thmslvs with lwdnss, promis c u ity a n d Lsbianism. And it bgins arly. Fmal childrn barly ntring pubrty drss provocativly. Vry fw associat thir first sxual xprinc with marriag and vry fw associat marriag with a forvr commitmnt. Lt m quot from th wll-known articl from Forbs Magazin, writtn by Michal Nor, Aug. 22, 2006, which causd quit a stir, bcaus it dos not fit fminist doctrin: Guys: a wo of advic, don't marry a woman with a carr. Why? Bcaus if many social scintists ar to b blivd, you run a highr risk of having a rocky marriag. Whil vryon knows that marriag can b strssful, rcnt studis hav found profssional womn ar mor likly to gt divorcd, mor likly to chat and lss likly to hav childrn. And if thy do hav kids, thy ar mor likly to b unhappy about it. A rcnt study in Social Forcs, a rsarch journal, found that womn vn thos with a "fminist" outlook ar happir whn thir husband is th primary bradwinnr. 24 By th way, whn I wnt to in or to find this articl, I had to wad through dozns upon dozns of commntaris from thos who litrally thrw a fit ovr th articl. Th articl dals with simpl corrlation studis; carr womn and hommakrs ar compa in aras of divorc, infidlity, happinss; and, apart from th nbulous concpt of happinss, ths ar simpl, corrlativ statistics; and vry difficult to argu with. Howvr, popl do, of cours, bcaus thir vision has bn colo by fminism doctrin. Ys, I am sur that som can blow this off by saying, statistics li, and not giv it anothr thought (this is th simpl-mindd 22 J. Vrnon McG, Joshua Judgs, h1976 by Thru th Bibl Books; p J. Vrnon McG, Joshua Judgs, h1976 by Thru th Bibl Books; pp From

41 Th Book of th Judgs 745 rspons of somon who dos not lik th statistics h is confrontd with, so h dismisss thm altogthr). Whn th analysis is don, qustions daling with happinss could b suspct (not bcaus th survy is inaccurat, but bcaus quantifying and masuring rlativ happinss is difficult). Howvr, whn it coms to divorc and fidlity (or infidlity), that s ha to fak. A carr woman is mor likly to gt divorcd; a carr woman s mor likly to cuckold hr husband. No mattr what philosophical or sociological viw you want to tak, you cannot argu with thos facts. On might b abl to mak an argumnt about th happinss factor, as happinss is difficult to gaug, but also raliz, divorc and infidlity ar ky indicators of an unhappy or unsatisfid prson. So, vn though that aspct of sociological rsarch can b qustiond, it is, nvrthlss, logical and rasonabl. It is also important to not that Nor s articl is not basd on on, but on svral studis, which includ th following information: If thy [carr womn] quit thir jobs and stay hom with th kids, thy will b unhappy (Journal of Marriag and Family, 2003). Thy will b unhappy if thy mak mor mony than you do (Social Forcs, 2006). You [th husband] will b unhappy if thy mak mor mony than you do (Journal of Marriag and Family, 2001). You will b mor likly to fall ill (Amrican Journal of Sociology). Evn your hous will b dirtir (Institut for Social Rsarch). 25 And what did McG pict as far back as 1948? As womn go into industry and into th military, thr will b an incras of immorality. If anyon rading this knows anything about th 50's and 60's and compars it to th 21 st cntury, it should b clar that th Unitd Stats has bcom xtrmly immoral by comparison. Infidlity was flat out wrong in th 50's. Thr wr vn laws against it. This was an ag upon mor yars latr, a common movi thm of many lov storis is a man or a woman stpping out on thir prsnt husband, wif, boyfrind or girlfrind, and finding a mor fulfilling, nriching rlationship lswhr. Sx bfor marriag? Almost non-xistnt in th 50's; and whn it did xist, it was rarly casual. Today, sxual xploration is prsntd as th norm; a rlationship may or may not follow. In th 50's, divorc was rar and not asy to gt. Som of thos who divorcd wr vn cut off from othr social rlationships bcaus of th divorc. Today, ovr 50% of thos who gt marrid also gt divorcd. So, was Dborah wrong to ris to th occasion? Should sh hav stayd hom with th kids and th laundry? Obviously not; God spok to hr; God guidd hr; and God blssd hr. Isral, through Dborah, was blssd. Th ky is, thr was no tru mal ladrship in Isral, so Dborah had to aris to fill th void. Rmmbr, that h gratst mal ladr in Isral would not go to war against th Canaanits, vn though God had so o him to; unlss Dborah wnt with him. H chos gods nw thn war gats. A shild if sn and spar [or, A shild, was it sn? And spar] in forty thousand in Isral. Judgs 5:8 H chos nw gods thn war [of th] gats. Was a shild sn? or spar among forty thousand in Isral? Isral chos nw gods and thn, suddnly, war was within hr gats. Was thr vn a shild or a spar to b found among forty thousand in Isral? W had bttr look at som othr translations first: Ancint txts: Latin Vulgat Masortic Txt Th Lo chos nw wars, and h himslf ovrthrw th gats of th nmis. a shild and spar was not sn among forty thousand of Isral. H chos gods nw 25 Ibid.

42 Judgs Chaptr Pshitta Sptuagint Significant diffrncs: thn war gats. A shild if sn and spar [or, A shild, was it sn? And spar] in forty thousand in Isral. Th LORD will choos nw things; thn th barly brad, and a swo or a spar will not b sn among 40,000 in Isral. Thy chos nw gods; thn th citis of rulrs fought; if thr should b sn a shild or spar sn among forty thousand in Isral. Th problm is th scond phras, which is rathr confusing in th Hbrw. Th Latin is diffrnt in th first two lins, as is th Syriac. Bcaus thr is such a diffrnc btwn all 4 ancint txts, I ll stick with th Hbrw whn it coms to xplaining what is hr. Thought-for-thought translations; paraphrass: On thing which should b notd: this is on of th most problmatic vrss whn it coms to diffrncs btwn th ancint txts; howvr, thr ar no major doctrins (or minor ons, for that mattr) which ar affctd by th diffrnc in txt. CEV Th Mssag NLT REB Th Isralits worshipd othr gods, and th gats of thir towns wr thn attackd. But thy had no shilds or spars to fight with. God chos nw ladrs, who thn fought at th gats. And not a shild or spar to b sn among th forty companis of Isral. Whn Isral chos nw gods, war ruptd at th city gats. Yt not a shild or spar could b sn among th forty thousand warriors in Isral! Thy chos nw gods, thy consortd with dmons. Not a shild was to b sn, not a lanc among forty thousand Isralits. Mostly litral rndrings (with som occasional paraphrasing): God s Wo HCSB JPS (Tanakh) Whn th popl chos nw gods, war brok out insid th city gats. Not a wapon was sn among 40,000 in Isral. Isral chos nw gods, thn war was in th gats. Not a shild or spar was sn among 40,000 in Isral. Whn thy chos nw gods, Was thr a fightr thn in th gats? [Maning of Hbrw uncrtain; othrs thn was war in th gats. ] No shild or spar was sn Among forty thousand in Isral! Litral, almost wo-for-wo, rndrings: Updatd Emphasizd Bibl ESV NASB Young s Updatd LT Thy chos gods that wr nw, Thn [suddnly], [thr is] war at th gats! Was thr a shild to b sn? Or a spar? Among forty thousand in Isral? Whn nw gods wr chosn, thn war was in th gats. Was shild or spar to b sn among forty thousand in Isral? Nw gods wr chosn; Thn war was in th gats. Not a shild or a spar was sn Among forty thousand in Isral. H chooss nw gods, Thn war is at th gats! A shild is not sn and a spar Among forty thousand in Isral.

43 Th Book of th Judgs 747 What is th gist of this vrs? Whn Isral bcam idolatrous, thr was war within thir gats; and thy lackd shilds and swos to dfnd thmslvs with. Judgs 5:8a Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs bâchar (ø çç È ) [pronouncd baw- KHAHR] to choos; Gsnius also lists to prov, to try, to xamin, to approv, to choos, to slct; to lov, to dlight in [somthing], to dsir 3 prson masculin singular, Qal imprfct Strong's #977 BDB #103 ì lôhîym (îé äò Éì àá ) [pronouncd l-o-heem] gods, forign gods, god; God; rulrs, judgs; suprhuman ons, angls; translitratd Elohim masculin plural noun Strong's #430 BDB #43 châdâsh ( ÈçÈ ã ) [pronouncd khaw- DAWSH] nw, nw thing; frsh masculin plural adjctiv Strong s #2319 BDB #294 Translation: H chos nw gods... Chosn is th 3 prson masculin singular, Qal imprfct. Th subjct of th sntnc is likly Isral. What Isral chos wr nw gods. This is in kping with th pattrn which occurs throughout th book of Judgs: Isral gos from pac to idolatry; whn Isral falls into idolatry, thn thy ar put undr prssur, as pr Lv. 26. Judgs 5:8b Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs âz (æ àè ) [pronouncd awz] thn, at that tim, in that cas (whn following an if or though), now, as things ar; that bing so advrb Strong s #227 BDB #23 lâchêm (íç ì) È [pronouncd law-khaim] war; sig; battl masculin singular noun Strong s #3901 BDB #535 This wo is only found hr in Judgs 5:8; it appars to b a Pil form of th wo to fight, to do battl, to war. Strong s #3898 BDB #535. sha ar (øò - ) - [pronouncd SHAHìahr] gats [control of city can b implid]; ntranc [through th gats] masculin plural noun Strong s #8179 BDB #1044 Translation:...thn war [of th] gats... Suddnly, thr was war of [th] gats. War is in th construct stat, which is simply a diffrnc of vowl points (in othr wos, this may or may not b in kping with th original). Th bst indication is that war was brought right to th gats of Isral s citis, if not insid th gats thmslvs. W hav no prposition prior to th wo gats; nithr do w hav a connctiv, which is what w would hav if it wr not in th construct. I will pass off th lack of a connctiv to th potic natur of this vrs or accpt that war is in th construct.

44 Judgs Chaptr Isral would always suffr whn sh turnd away from Jhovah to othr gods. This is a scn which is pictd in svral placs and playd out throughout th Old and Nw Tstamnts. But Jshurun grw fat and kickd. You ar grown fat, thick, and slk. Thn h forsook God Who mad him and scornd th Rock of his salvation. Thy mad Him jalous with strang gods, with abominations thy provokd Him to angr. Th sacrificd to dmons who wr not-god, to gods whom thy had not known, nwr gods who had com in latr, whom your fathrs did not drad. You nglctd th Rock Who bgot you and you forgot th God Who gav you birth. And Jhovah saw this and H spurnd thm, bcaus of th provocation of His sons and daughtrs. Thn H said, I will hid My fac from thm and I will s what thir nd will b. For thy ar a prvrs gnration, sons in whom thr is no faithfulnss. Thy hav mad M jalous with what is not-god; thy hav provok M to angr with thir idols. Thrfor, I will mak thm jalous with not-[my]-popl; I will provok thm to angr with a foolish nation. For a fir is kindld in My angr and it burns to th lowst portion of Shol; and it consums th arth with its yild and sts on fir th foundations of th mountains. I will hap misfortuns on thm and I will us My arrows on thm. Thy will b wastd by famin and consumd by plagu and bittr dstruction. And th tth of basts I will snd upon thm with th vnom of crawling things of th dust. Outsid, th swo will brav and insid, trror, for both young mn and virgins, th nurslings and th old mn. (Dut. 32:15 25). Th gnral ida hr is that Dborah is giving a littl history lsson. Isral, in hr down cycl, chos nw gods, hathn gods, thn, suddnly, thy wr facd with war. McG: Isral dnid God as mn do today only instad of bcoming athists, thy bcam 26 polythists. Throughout th ntir Bibl, thr is On God; man dos not simply hav a varity of ways or worshiping Him. Thr ar not a varity of nams (Buddha, Mohammd, Allah) by which w accss Him. In this tim priod, th God of th Jws is th God of th Univrs. Judgs 5:8c Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs mâgên (ï â îè ) [pronouncd maw- GAYN] shild, smallr shild; protction masculin singular noun Strong s #4043 BDB #171 îm (í àò) [pronouncd m] if, though; lo, bhold; oh that, if only; whn, sinc, though whn (or, if followd by a prfct tns which rfrs to a past vnt) primarily an hypothtical particl Strong's #518 BDB #49 râ âh (ä àè øè ) [pronouncd raw-awh] to b sn, to b visibl; to lt onslf b sn, to appar; to prsnt onslf; to b providd [ca] for (i.., lookd aftr) 3 prson masculin singular, Niphal imprfct Strong's #7200 BDB #906 w (or v ) (å) [pronouncd wh] and, vn, thn; namly; whn; sinc, that, so that; though simpl wâw conjunction No Strong s # BDB #251 romach (çîéø) - [pronouncd ROHmahkh] spar, lanc, javlin masculin singular noun Strong s #7420 BDB #942 h b ( ) [pronouncd b ] Ó in, into, through; at, by, nar, on, upon; with, bfor, against; by mans of; among; within a prposition of proximity No Strong s # BDB #88 26 J. Vrnon McG, Joshua Judgs, h1976 by Thru th Bibl Books; p. 139.

45 Th Book of th Judgs 749 Judgs 5:8c Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs ar bâ îym (íéò. È ø à ) - [pronouncd ar -BAW- ÌEEM] forty undclind plural noun Strong s #705 BDB #917 lph (ó ì à ) pronouncd EH-lf] thousand, family, (500?); military unit masculin singular noun Strong s #505 (and #504) BDB #48 h b ( ) [pronouncd b ] Ó in, into, through; at, by, nar, on, upon; with, bfor, against; by mans of; among; within a prposition of proximity No Strong s # BDB #88 Yis râ êl (ìà Å øè Ó é)ò [pronouncd yis-raw- ALE] translitratd Isral masculin propr noun Strong s #3478 BDB #975 Translation:...Was a shild sn? or spar among forty thousand in Isral? Th hypothtical particl could also b an intrrogativ particl; both Rothrham and Young took it as an intrrogativ particl; th translators of th NASB igno it; and Own took it to b a hypothtical particl (although h did not translat as such). In any cas, th point is that thr was not a shild or a spar to b found in 40,000 mn in Isral, maning that Isral had bn disarmd. Thy wr without th propr amount of military quipmnt. Tim to haul out thos ox-goads, I guss. Matthw Hnry commnts: Eithr thy wr disarmd by thir opprssors, or thy thmslvs nglctd th art of war; so that, though thy had spars and shilds, thy wr not to b sn, but 27 wr thrown by and suff to rust, thy having nithr skill nor will to us thm. Now, oft tims Thim would launch into a military prpanss lctur at this point. And, if th lack of wapons occur prior to th war, this would b an apt plac to do it. Bcaus of what follows, it appars as though w ar daling with prparations to go to war with Jabin and Sisra. That is, th ntir prvious history of Isral s down cycl, ala Judgs 2:13, is cov in th first two lins of v. 8; in fact, this information is givn mor or lss by way of xplanation, just as th arising of Dborah. Aftr that, w ar daling with prparing for a war for indpndnc. Thrfor, thir lack of waponry is a rsult of bing undr th control of th Canaanits (similar to 1Sam. 13:19 22), and not th prlud to that. Th NIV Study Bibl suggsts that thir lack of waponry could also b a rsult of an allgianc to th Canaanits or a pac with th Canaanits (as pr Judgs 3:5 6). On thing is clar in history you can b an ssntially pacful popl, and, for that rason, bliv that you can chunk all of your waponry but thr will b countris around you who will s this as waknss, not as som highr lvl of volution, and will xploit th situation. W should dal with th actual numbr 40,000. In Judgs 4:6, 10, w hav th numbr 10,000. It is clar in Judgs 4 that w ar spaking of th troops from Naphtali and Zbulun. In Judgs 5, this is a rfrnc to Isral, although I would tak it as a rfrnc to northwstrn Isral (as opposd to Gad, Rubn and half of Manassh in th ast; and Simon and Judah in th south). From this standpoint, th numbrs would complimnt ach othr quit rasonably. Dborah is not rally daling with th why and th whrfor s; sh mrly sts th stag. Isral had pursud othr gods; thir was war at Isral s gats; th popl lackd th propr quipmnt and prparation for war. All this was th scn as Dborah aros as a ladr in Isral. 27 Matthw Hnry s Commntary. Wb link.

46 Judgs Chaptr Clark paints an intrsting pictur of th conflict, which maks prfct sns, givn what w hav rad so far in this and th prvious chaptr: Th Lo chos a nw spcis of war, and himslf subvrtd th gats of th nmy. [Clark is quoting th Latin Vulgat hr]. Now, what was this nw spcis of war? A woman signifis hr ors to Barak; h taks 10,000 mn, wholly unarmd, and rtirs to Mount Tabor, whr thy ar immdiatly bsigd by a powrful and wll-appointd army. On a suddn Barak and his mn rush upon thm, trror and dismay ar sprad through th whol Cannanitish army, and th rout is instantanous and complt. Th Isralits immdiatly arm thmslvs with th arms of thir nmis, and slay all bfor thm; thy run, and ar pursud in all dirctions. Sisra, thir gnral, is no longr saf in his chariot; ithr his horss fail, or th unvnnss of th road obligs him to dsrt it, and fly away on foot; in th nd, th whol army is dstroyd, and th ladr ingloriously slain. This was a nw spcis of war, and was most vidntly th Lo s doings. Whatvr may b said of th vrsion of th Vulgat, (and th Syriac and Arabic ar 28 somthing lik it), th abov ar all facts, and show th wondrous working of th Lo. Whthr or not thr is anything to this nw spcis of war, it is clar from this vrs that, of 40,000 mn, thr was not a swo or a shild to b found; yt w hav thm charging down th hill towa th Canaanits in th prvious chaptr. I prsonally doubt that thy wr waponlss; howvr, what thy probably usd to bgin with is farm implmnts, along th lins of Shamgar who usd th ox goad to kill 600 Philistins. Dborah mrly sts th stag hr, but dos not giv us any xplanation as to why Isral is unarmd. Thr ar svral possibl rasons for this. Thoris as to Why was Isral Unarmd 1. Th Isralits dvlopd som strong bonds btwn thmslvs and th indignous Canaanits, worshipd thir gods, and dcidd that bing armd was not ncssary to thir socity. 2. Th Canaanits and/or th Philistins had placd controls ovr th Isralits with rspct to forging wapons (along th lins of 1Sam. 13:19 22). 3. Th Canaanits, in thir svral dcads of opprssion, disarmd th Isralits. 4. Isral was not armd du to nglignc and sloth; what wapons thy had may hav bn forgd back into farming implmnts. 5. Isral did not nd any wapons, as God fought for thm. Although this sms vry holy and all that, w alrady know that Isral was in a low spiritual stat; so attributing grat faith to thm sms misplacd at this p o int in thir history. On th othr hand, on could s this as a misapplication of faith. Howvr, vn that sms lik an incorrct undrstanding, as thir faith sms to b in idols and th gods of othr popls. 6. Dborah stats th lack of wapons as a fact; but th fault hr gos back to Isral s idolatry. That is, it is unfortunat that Isral is without wapons hr, but th ral problm is thir spiritual condition. Rturn to Chaptr Outlin Rturn to Charts, Maps and Short Doctrins Lt s tak ths last two lins as a whol: Was a shild or spar sn among forty thousand in Isral? As w will obsrv latr on in this chaptr, mor tribs participat in Isral s rvolt against th Canaanits than just Zbulun and Issachar. Thir initial battl puts 10,000 mn from just thos two tribs against Sisra and his army. Howvr, mor tribs participatd to fully dfat th Canaanits, so that an army of 40,000 is rasonabl. Dborah maks th obsrvation that of ths 40,000 mn, thy had no offnsiv or dfnsiv military gar. Thr ar othr intrprtations: on suggsts that, out of svral hund thousand mn, thr was only nough military gar for 40,000. That is a nic thought, but it is problmatic for two rasons: (1) this is not what th txt 28 Adam Clark, Commntary on th Bibl; from -Swo, Judgs 5:8.

47 Th Book of th Judgs 751 says; (2) givn that som of th tribs participatd and many did not, an army of 40,000 waponlss mn sms mor rasonabl than an army with svral hund thousand, givn what is said in this and th prvious chatpr. Application: I com from a background that blivs in pacifism, and Gandhi was hld up as a rol modl for m. Howvr, I hav to rpudiat that background, as thr is no Scriptural backing for it. As a nation, w should and must b militarily prpa. W cannot xpct to lay down our wapons, and that our nmis will thn lt us b. This is lik saying, lt s gt rid of policmn so that crim will bcom non-xistnt. It is foolish and maks unwarrantd assumptions about th human condition. War is not a thing of th past; war is not somthing that mankind, through volution and spiritual nlightnmnt, will larn to ovrcom. McG gos a littl off-topic at this point, but maks an intrsting obsrvation: Do you rmmbr th hops that this country had aftr World War II? Evryon in th Unitd Stats thought thy wr going to hav pac at last. Many popl thought thy would liv in pac and sin, and it would b nic. Th forgot to rad Psalm 85:10 which says, Mrcy and truth ar mt togthr; rightousnss and pac hav killd ach othr. Frinds, pac and rightousnss do not vn spak to ach othr today I do not vn think thy know ach othr! It is intrsting that God did not lt us liv comfortably in pac and sin. God did not lt Isral liv that way ithr. It is also intrsting to not that Isral lackd 29 a dfns. Thy has nothing with which to mt th nmy. Quit simply, you don t gt to hav pac and immorality. Only in th Grat Tribulation will popl b undr th mistakn imprssion that thy hav achivd both undr th ladrship of th bast (which is why h will b worshippd). My hart to lawmakrs of Isral th ons willingly voluntring in th popl; you [all] blss Y howah. Judgs 5:9 My hart [gos out] to th lawmakrs of Isral, th ons willingly voluntring among th popl; [All of] you, blss Y howah. My hart gos out to th scribs in Isral, th ons who hav willing volunt to lad th popl; Blss Jhovah, all of you. Hr is how othrs hav translatd this vrs: Ancint txts: Latin Vulgat Masortic Txt Pshitta Sptuagint Significant diffrncs: My hart lovs th princs of Isral: O you, that of your own good will off yourslvs to dangr, blss th Lo. My hart to lawmakrs of Isral th ons willingly voluntring in th popl; you [all] blss Y howah. My hart said to th lawgivr of Isral, Thy who ar chosn among th popl, blss th LORD. My hart inclins to th ors givn in Isral; you who ar willing among th popl, blss th Lo. No significant diffrncs; it is mor of a mattr of intrprtation. Thr is no vrb in th first lin, so it nds up bing a mattr of intrprtation. Th Latin and Syriac mak rasonabl gusss hr, as w find in many English translations. Thought-for-thought translations; paraphrass: 29 J. Vrnon McG, Joshua Judgs, h1976 by Thru th Bibl Books; p. 139.

48 Judgs Chaptr CEV NLT I prais you, LORD, and I am gratful for thos ladrs and soldirs who volunt. My hart gos out to Isral s ladrs, and to thos who gladly followd. Blss th LORD! Mostly litral rndrings (with som occasional paraphrasing): God s Wo HCSB JPS (Tanakh) My hart gos out to Isral's commandrs, to thos popl who volunt. Prais th LORD! My hart is with th ladrs of Isral, with th voluntrs of th popl. Prais th LORD! My hart is with Isral s ladrs, With th ddicatd of th popl Blss th LORD! Litral, almost wo-for-wo, rndrings: ESV MKJV Young s Updatd LT My hart gos out to th commandrs of Isral who off thmslvs willingly among th popl. Blss th LORD. My hart is towa th lawgivrs of Isral who off thmslvs willingly among th popl. Blss JhovaH. My hart is to th lawgivrs of Isral, Who ar offring thmslvs willingly among th popl, Blss you Jhovah!. What is th gist of this vrs? Dborah s hart is with th ladrs of Isral who offr up thmslvs willingly to an nmy with much gratr waponry. Sh blsss Jhovah God [i.., thanks Him] for His powr and grac {I am assuming that to b th intrprtation hr]. Judgs 5:9a Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs lêb (áåì) [pronouncd b lay v] hart, innr man, mind, will, thinking masculin singular noun st with th 1 prson singular suffix Strong's #3820 BDB #524 lâmd (ì) (pronouncd l ) to, for, towas, in rgas to dirctional/rlational prposition No Strong s # BDB #510 châqaq ( Ç çè ) [pronouncd khaw-kak] lawgivrs; thos who carv out; thos who cut up [thir nmis in battl]; ngravrs, scribs; paintrs; thos who oain or mak dcrs masculin plural, Qal activ participl Strong's #2710 BDB #349 Givn th varity of Qal manings, any of ths ar possibl. In th KJV, w primarily s th participl rnd as lawgivrs, govrnors. Zodhiats sms to think that w may undrstand this, in th participl, to man rulr, lawgivr, ladr, commandr. Givn th varity of things that this could man, w ar probably saf with on of thos thr rndrings. Yis râ êl (ìà Å øè Ó é)ò [pronouncd yis-raw- ALE] translitratd Isral masculin propr noun Strong s #3478 BDB #975

49 Th Book of th Judgs 753 Judgs 5:9a Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs nâdab (áãç È ð) [pronouncd nawv DAHB ] voluntrs, thos frly offring thmslvs; thos who giv gnrously [willingly, spontanously]; thos offring up masculin plural, Hithpal participl Strong s #5068 BDB #621 h b ( ) [pronouncd b ] Ó in, into, through; at, by, nar, on, upon; with, bfor, against; by mans of; among; within a prposition of proximity No Strong s # BDB #88 am (í òç ) [pronouncd ìahm] popl; rac, trib; family, rlativs; citizns, common popl; companions, srvants; ntir human rac; h [of animals] masculin singular collctiv noun with th dfinit articl Strong s #5971 BDB #766 Translation: My hart [gos out] to th lawmakrs of Isral, th ons willingly voluntring among th popl;... W hav two participls in this portion of th vrs, which ar cov in dtail abov. Th first rasonably mans lawmakrs, lawgivrs, and possibly th ladrs or govrnors of Isral. It s us as a lawgivr is unusual hr bcaus (1) God gav Isral th Law; and (2) Isral is not govrning hrslf but is bing govrnd by Jabin and that is nforcd by Sisra. Th ky is that ths ar th mn who would hav a position of ladrship, if thy wr not undr th rul of Jabin. Th scond particpl mans voluntrs; I think th ida is, w hav th commandrs and w hav th grunts, both of whom ar ncssary to a military forc. Ths ar th mn who stood up to go out to war. In mandring through svral mssag boas th othr day, I cam across a prson who askd a qustion, and thn answ it himslf (vry typical of Bibl answr call in shows and placs whr popl post. Thy don t rally hav a qustion; thy just want to sprad thir own opinions, which ar gnrally incorrct. This prson askd if it was alright for a Christian to go to war; thn h quickly answ no, bcaus Jsus said, Turn th othr chk and Lov your nmis. (Matt. 5:39b, 44a). In th Bibl, th highst honor is always affod thos in military srvic. W just finishd th book of Joshua whr Joshua, although not brimming with intllignc, is still portrayd as quit honorabl. What many Jwish scholars who ar not Christian rcogniz is that Jsus did not tach a lot of nw doctrins; H taught primarily th Law of Moss and its corrct applications. A lot of Christians think that th taching of our Lo was all totally brand nw and that s why th Jwish authoritis dspisd Him. Turn th othr chk and Lov your nmis applid to prsonal rlationships, not to national rlationships. Whn our Lo spok to th cnturion, H did not tll him to put down his swo and follow Him. H did not brat him for fighting in wars and lading othrs to fight in wars. Our Lo said, I hav not found a gratr faith; no, not in all of Isral. (Matt. 8:10b). Ths mn who rallid to th call of Barak and prsntd thmslvs for war ths mn ar hros, to b rspctd and mulatd. Th Bibl always affos th highst honor to thos who srv in th military. Barns commnts: In this dplorabl waknss of Isral how nobl was th conduct of th govrnors who volunt to lad th popl against thir opprssors. Dborah s hart was filld with admiration as sh thought of thir patriotic dvotion Barns Nots, Volum 2, rprintd 1996 by Bakr Books; p. 427.

50 Judgs Chaptr Judgs 5:9b Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs bârak ( ø Ç È ) [pronouncd baw RAHK ] invok God, prais, clbrat, blss [God]; blss [mn], invok blssings; to blss [as God or man] and thrfor caus to prospr or mak happy; salut anyon [with a blssing]; curs nd 2 prson masculin plural, Pil imprativ Strong s #1288 BDB #138 YHWH (äåäé) [pronunciation is possibly yhoh-wah] translitratd variously as Jhovah, Yahwh, Y howah propr noun Strong s #3068 BDB #217 Translation: [All of] you blss Y howah. nd Th final phras is th 2 prson masculin plural, Pil imprativ of blss, which is Dborah dircting thos who har hr song to giv thanksgiving to God for providing ths mn th strngth and th whrwithal to stp up to th plat and dfnd thir country. Rcall that our blssing God is a show of thanksgiving and a rcognition of what H has don on our bhalf. Ridrs of donkys light-colo [or, whit] sittrs upon saddls [or, carpts] and walkrs upon a way, spak. Judgs 5:10 Ridrs of light-colo donkys, thos sitting upon saddls [or, carpts], and thos walking along th way, spak. Thos of you who rid upon xpnsiv donkys and thos of you who sit upon carpts, and thos of you who ar walking about frly and in safty vrbally acknowldg and rcogniz thos who providd you your fom. Hr is how othrs hav translatd this vrs: Ancint txts: Latin Vulgat Masortic Txt Pshitta Sptuagint Significant diffrncs: Spak, you that rid upon fair asss, and you that sit in judgmnt, and walk in th way. Ridrs of donkys dish-gry [or, whit] sittrs upon saddls [or, carpts] and walkrs upon a way, spak. O you who rid on whit asss, you who dwll in houss, and you who travl on th highways,... [th nxt vrs tlls thm to mditat on th wos of th inquirrs]. You that mount a sh ass at noon day, you that sit on th judgmnt sat, and walk by th roads of thm that sit in judgmnt by th way; dclar... Th color of ths donkys is unclar; th Pshitta has thm as whit, th Vulgat as light; th MT as dish-gry or whit; and th Sptuagint calling thm simply sh-asss. I think th difficulty of th MT causs th translators to mak thir bst guss. Th nxt problm is, whr do thy dwll? In th Vulgat and LXX, it is in judgmnt (or th judgmnt-sat); in th Pshitta, it is in houss; in th MT, it is probably

51 Th Book of th Judgs 755 Thought-for-thought translations; paraphrass: saddls. Again, th uncrtainty of th maning of th MT, I bliv, brought out th crativ strak of th ancint translators. Thr sms to b an agrmnt that thy ar all walking in th way or on th highways or roads. Th LXX adds th phras of thm that sit in judgmnt, idntifying whr ths roads ar. All, but th Pshitta ask ths popl to spak; th Pshitta, in th nxt vrs, asks thm to mditat. Bcaus of ths substantial diffrncs, w will stay with th Masortic txt as much as possibl whn intrprting this vrs; and, I suspct, w may not gt much in th intrprtation. CEV NLT Listn, vryon! Whthr you rid a donky with a paddd saddl or hav to walk. You who rid on fin donkys and sit on fancy saddl blankts, listn! And you who must walk along th road, listn! Mostly litral rndrings (with som occasional paraphrasing): God s Wo HCSB JPS (Tanakh) You popl who rid on brown donkys, who sit on saddl blankts, and who walk on th road-think. You who rid on whit donkys, who sit on saddl blankts, and who travl on th road, giv prais! You ridrs on tawny sh-asss, You who sit on saddl rugs, And you wayfarrs, dclar it! Litral, almost wo-for-wo, rndrings: LTHB MKJV Young s Updatd LT You that rid on whit asss, you that sit on rich carpts, and you going on th way, sing out! Spak, you who rid on whit asss, you who sit in judgmnt and walk by th way. Ridrs on whit asss Thos sitting on a long rob And walkrs by th way mditat! What is th gist of this vrs? Crtain typs of popl thos who rid whit donkys, thos who sit upon saddls, and thos who walk upon th way, ar askd to spak out (or to mditat, study). Judgs 5:10a Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs râkab (áë ÇøÈ ) [pronouncd B raw-kah V] th on riding, ridr masculin plural construct, Qal activ participl Strong s #7392 BDB #938 âthôwn (ï ú àè ) [pronouncd aw- THORN] ass, sh-ass, donky fminin plural noun Strong s #860 BDB #87

52 Judgs Chaptr Judgs 5:10a Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs tsâchôr (øç É öè ) [pronouncd tsaw- KHOHR] whit, tawny; possibly lightcolo or dish brown with lightr spots? masculin plural, adjctiv Strong s #6715 BDB #850 Gill gos into grat dtail about similar wos in othr languags, in or to support that this wo mans whit. 31 Translation: Ridrs of light-colo donkys,... Th adjctiv which dscribs th donkys is an adjctiv which mans tawny, dish-gray. Young and th NIV hav whit instad; th NASB has both. On commntator, whos nam I can t rcall, but whos commnts wr gnrally worthlss, spok of all whit asss; whras Kil and Dlitzsch, whos opinions I rspct, claim that no such animal xists and that ths wr donkys spottd with whit (although, thy claim th wo mans dazzling whit). Jams Frman, whom I gnrally trust, says that ths wr whit asss, and thrfor quit xpnsiv and riddn on only by th vry walthy. 31 Dr. John Gill, John Gill s Exposition of th Entir Bibl; from -Swo, Judgs 5: Plutarch. d Isid. 33 Cartwright's Prachr's Travls, p Ludolph. Ethiop. Hist. l. 1. c. 10. Vid. Philostorg. Eccls. Hist. l. 3. c Gill gos into grat dtail, citing svral rfrncs, that vn as rcntly as th last cntury (2 cnturis ago for us), thr wr hs of wild asss sn along th Euphrats which wr whit. In fact, lt m just quot from Gill, as h has a lot to say hr: Th ass in th Hbrw languag has its nam from nss, that bing th usual colour of thm in thos parts; and hnc thy wr hatful 32 to th Egyptians, bcaus that thir Typhon was of that colour; but thr wr som that wr whit, 33 as thr ar wild ons now of that colour. A travlr in thos parts in th bginning of th last cntury tlls us, that on th banks of th Euphrats thy bhld vry day grat drovs of wild basts, as wild asss "all whit", &c. Th wo w translat "whit" is "zchorot", and prhaps may dscrib th sam animal th Ethiopians call "zcora", and som "zbra"; said to xcl in bauty all four footd craturs in th whol world. It is an animal of th siz of a mul, found in th woods byond Abyssinia, is asily tamd, and is th frqunt and chif prsnt of th kings of that country; about its loins is a circl of a black colour, in th form of a gil, which is followd with mor on ach sid, accoing to th part of th body, som broadr, othrs narrowr, both black and whit, or of an ash colour, so nat that thy sm to xcd th art of th most minnt paintr; its only dformity ar its ars, which ar long; hnc it is calld by th Portugus th wild ass, though wrongly; of what valu and stm it was appars from th larg pric it has bn sold for; on, that was th gift of a king to a Turkish govrnor, was sold to an Indian for 2,000 pics of Vntian mony, to mak a prsnt o f to th grat Mogor, 34 king of th Indians, which was th valu of nin hund pounds. Thos that rod on ths craturs wr th princs and nobls of Isral; though thy ar gnrally intrprtd by th Jwish commntators of mrchants that rod from plac to plac about businss. 35 And crtainly, anothr possibility is that thy could hav bn a vry light tan. W do not hav nough Biblical rfrncs to this wo to ti it down any bttr than that. Howvr, Gill maks a complling cas for ths bing whit asss. In any cas, it appars that thos who ownd ths donkys and rod upon thm wr th rich and prosprous. Socitis vary as to how riding on donkys is viwd. This ara had fw horss, and it was th lit and royalty who rod donkys. You may rcall that our Lo cam into Jrusalm riding a donky. Furthrmor, by Judgs 10:4 12:14, it is clar that thos of a royal family wr th ons to rid donkys during that ra. Dr. John Gill, John Gill s Exposition of th Entir Bibl; from -Swo, Judgs 5:10. Th rfrncs from within this paragraph ar thos citd by Gill.

53 Th Book of th Judgs 757 Judgs 5:10b Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs yâshab (á Ç Èé) [pronouncd yaw- SHAHBV] thos inhabiting, thos staying, thos dwlling in, th inhabitants of, th ons dwlling in, dwllrs of, thos sitting [hr], th ons sitting masculin plural construct, Qal activ participl Strong's #3427 BDB #442 al (ì òç ) [pronouncd ìahl ] upon, byond, on, against, abov, ovr, by, bsid prposition of proximity Strong s #5920, #5921 BDB #752 maddîym (íé. îç ) [pronouncd mahd- DEEM] masur, cloth garmnts, outr garmnts; armo coat; carfully tailo clothing; a thick pic of cloth; lathr garmnts, nic carpt; a hand-craftd saddl? masculin plural noun Strong s #4055 BDB #551 Translation:...thos sitting upon saddls [or, carpts],... What thy ar sitting upon is masur, cloth garmnt, and possibly, in this contxt, a thick pic of cloth, akin to a carpt. Barns suggsts that this is a saddl, which maks vn mor sns. My thinking, aftr xamining som of th othr passags whr this noun is found (Lv. 6:10 Judgs 3:16 1Sam. 17:38 39), is that this should b rnd a carfully-tailo clothing; howvr, this would mak littl sns for popl to b sitting upon carfully-tailo clothing. Prhaps, in th contxt, this is a hand-mad saddl? Mayb this is not rlatd to th donky in th prvious lin, and simply mans that, in thir tnts, instad of th bar arth, thy had som sort of carpting. Th implication is, thy, again, ar th walthy. Judgs 5:10c Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs w (or v ) (å) [pronouncd wh] and, vn, thn; namly; whn; sinc, that, so that; though simpl wâw conjunction No Strong s # BDB #251 hâlak ( ìç äè ) [pronouncd haw-lahk ] thos walking, thos going, thos who ar dparting; walkrs, travlrs masculin plural construct, Qal activ participl Strong s #1980 (and #3212) BDB #229 al (ì òç ) [pronouncd ìahl ] upon, byond, on, against, abov, ovr, by, bsid prposition of proximity Strong s #5920, #5921 BDB #752 drk ( ø ) [pronouncd DEH-rk ] way, distanc, road, path; journy, cours; dirction, towas; mannr, habit, way [of lif]; of moral charactr masculin singular noun Strong's #1870 BDB #202 Translation:...and thos walking along th way,... W also hav anothr class of popl calld walkrs; popl who ar not rich nough to affo th ancint, trickd-out automobil (a donky with a saddl), walkd to whrvr thy ndd to go.

54 Judgs Chaptr Som intrprt this as a rfrnc to rulrs or judgs who sat upon carpt whr thy functiond as rulrs or judgs. 36 Bullingr calls this a thr-fold naming of princs, rulrs and mrchants. Ths would b mn who ar succssful bcaus of th fom that thy njoy in Isral which is no longr tyrannizd bcaus of th Canaanits. Thy ar to spak of rightous dds of God and to clbrat thir fom. Judgs 5:10d Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs sîyach ( çç ò é ) [pronouncd SEE-ahkh] communicat, dclar, spak of, talk about; mditat, study nd 2 prson masculin plural, Qal imprativ Strong s #7878 BDB #967 Translation:...spak! What thy ar all to do is th Qal imprativ of sîyach ( çç ò é ) [pronouncd SEE-ahkh], and it mans to communicat, to dclar, to spak of, to talk about. This could also man mditat or study. This is quit a thing, don t you think? W ar not rally 100% sur of whom w ar spaking to; and, as if that wr not nough, w do not vn rally know what w want thm to do should thy spak out? Should thy b mditating? Furthrmor, isn t mditating and spaking prtty much th opposit of on anothr? What is that all about? Thrfor, w should stop and tak a look at th Doctrin of Sîyach (only a bar summary is prsntd blow). And, in cas you do not want to xamin th ntir doctrin of this wo... A Summary of th Doctrin of Sîyach 1. On thory is, this wo originally mant to complain, and that it gradually cam to man somthing diffrnt. Howvr, by xamining all of th placs whr sîyach occurs, w find that w do not nd th maning to complain. 2. Although thr ar svral instancs whr this wo could man to sing, such a rndring sms unncssary, as thr ar othr and qually good options for th sam passag. 3. Thr ar vn fwr instancs whr sîyach could man to pray; and in all instancs, othr manings ar qually likly. 4. Thrfor, that lavs us with two possibl sts of manings: a. To communicat, to spak, to vrbaliz, to say what is on your mind and b. To think, to pondr, to mditat, to kp somthing at th forfront of your mind. What I had hopd to do in this xamination is to liminat on of th final two sts of manings abov; howvr, that sms to b impossibl, givn th svral tims this wo sms to man on or th othr. I should point out that I did not spnd any ral tim xamining th cognats; howvr, thy could man what thy man, and still allow for sîyach to b rnd as abov. Rturn to Chaptr Outlin Rturn to Charts, Maps and Short Doctrins How you intrprt this vrs ssntially dpnds upon whr you plac ths 3 sts of popl in tim. Th strictly wstrn mind, which ss narrativ always in a chronological form, might assum that ths groups ar thos from bfor th war, which is cov in latr vrss. Howvr, in v. 6, w just spok of how much travling had bn rstrictd: In th days of Shamgar bn Anath [and] in th days of Jal, th highways casd and travlrs of paths st travld on crookd highways. Howvr, ths 3 xampls spak of thos who travl (at last th 1 and 3 who ar listd). Thy ar told to spak. Th ida is, movmnt and travl had bn sriously rstrictd, in th days 36 Figurs of Spch Usd in th Bibl; E. W. Bullingr; horiginally 1898; rprintd 1968 Bakr Books; p 420.

55 Th Book of th Judgs 759 of Shamgar and Jal; but now, thos who travl, should spak out, or at last mditat, upon th fom that thy now njoy. Apparntly, vn th vry walthy and th royalty, as it wr, ar abl to mov about frly. This did not just happn; this was not magic; thr is a rason that w hav gon from rstrictd movmnt to fr and saf travl. It is this rason that ths travlrs should mdiat on, and vn spak of. What Dborah is saying hr is that, as a rsult of thos who cam forwa and volunt to srv God, to throw off thir opprssors thy providd th pac and th prosprity. W ar all to prais God for ths mn (v. 9) and thos who bcam prosprous as a rsult, thos who now sit on carpt rathr than upon th ground, thos who njoy a fom of travl thy ar also to spak, to tstify, to prais and to giv thanks to God. In othr wos, thr is a plac in our livs for patriotism. Thr ar tims whn w should rcogniz and xtol th virtus of thos who paid for our fom with thir livs and with thir blood. Application: Thr is a plac for patriotism in your lif as a blivr. Thr hav bn mn of grat nobl souls who hav bn willing to giv all that thy had for your fom. In our passag, thos who ar njoying grat fom ar told to tak tim to rflct upon this, and vn to spak of thir fom and how it was achivd. At this tim as I writ, th Unitd Stats is in Iraq, and w ar in th procss of training th Iraqis to handl thir own nwly stablishd fom. I rcall haring on spcial whr our troops had to spnd no littl tim convincing th Iraqi polic to go out and patrol th strts with thm. Thr ar two rasons for this: (1) w did not rquir that thir constitution includ a Bill of Rights, which I bliv to b a grav mistak. As rcntly as a yar ago, a man was arrstd, ithr in Iraq or Afghanistan for bing a blivr in Jsus Christ. (2) Thy do not valu fom nough to di for it. Our fom in th Unitd Stats was purchasd by hunds of thousands of livs, from thos who signd th Dclaration of Indpndnc, right down to thos who hav fought in our wars ovrsas. If and whn w lav (and, in my opinion, I bliv w should stablish smi-prmannt bass thr as w hav in Grmany, th Philippins and Japan), thr is th vry ral possibility that thy will fall into tyranny onc again. From a sound of dividrs at watring placs, thr thy [clbrat and] rcount th xcutd rightousnss of Y howah, th xcutd rightousnss of His tru ladrship in Isral. Thn thy wnt down to th gats, popl of Y howah. Judgs 5:11 From th sound of thos who hav bn libratd [or, th dividrs] at th watring hols; thr thy [clbrat and] rcall th rightous acts of Y howah, th rightous acts of His tru ladrship in Isral. Thn th popl of Y howah wnt down to th gats. From th sound of th tradrs at th watring hols, whr thy clbrat and rcall th rightous acts of Jhovah th rightous acts of His ladrship in Isral. Thn th popl of Jhovah wnt down to th gats. W had bttr look at a coupl of diffrnt translations hr: Ancint txts: Latin Vulgat Masortic Txt Whr th chariots wr dashd togthr, and th army of th nmis was chokd, thr lt th justics of th Lo b rharsd, and his clmncy towas th brav mn of Isral: thn th popl of th Lo wnt down to th gats, and obtaind th sovrignty. From a sound of dividrs at watring placs, thr thy [clbrat and] rcount th xcutd rightousnss of Y howah, th xcutd rightousnss of His tru ladrship in Isral.

56 Judgs Chaptr Pshitta Sptuagint Significant diffrncs: Thn thy wnt down to th gats, popl of Y howah. Mditat on th wos of th inquirrs, who ar among th tachrs; thy will xcut th rightousnss of th LORD, vn His rightousnss which H has multiplid in Isral; thn th popl of th LORD will march to th gats....th nois of noisy ons among th drawrs of watr; thr shall thy rlat rightous acts: O Lo, incras rightous acts in Isral: thn th popl of th Lo wnt down to th citis. As in th prvious vrs, thr ar a grat many diffrncs, which is common for, say, th book of Samul; but rathr uncommon in this book. What is rar is, th LXX and th MT roughly agr in th first lin, whras th Latin and Syriac sm to b compltly diffrnt. Thought-for-thought translations; paraphrass: Th scond lin brings th Syriac into closr agrmnt with th Hbrw and Grk txt; howvr, in th Syriac, thy ar xcuting th rightousnss of th LORD; in th Grk and Hbrw, thy ar mditating upon it or spaking of it. Th Latin, all th way through, appars to b ntirly diffrnt as if it is a diffrnt nd vrs. Only in th final lin (2 to th last lin in th Latin), is thr any gnral agrmnt among th ancint txts. Bcaus thr is so much dissnt hr, I will covr only th Hbrw txt; but bar in mind, thr may b grat inaccuracis in th txt. CEV Th Mssag NLT Evn thos who carry watr to th animals will tll you, "Th LORD has won victoris, and so has Isral." T h n th LORD's popl marchd down to th town gats... Gathr at th town wll and listn to thm sing, Chanting th tal of GOD's victoris, his victoris accomplishd in Isral. Thn th popl of GOD wnt down to th city gats. Listn to th villag musicians gath at th watring hols. Thy rcount th rightous vicotrys of th LORD, and th victoris of his villagrs in Isral. Thn th popl of th LORD marchd down to th city gats. Mostly litral rndrings (with som occasional paraphrasing): God s Wo HCSB JPS (Tanakh) Listn to th voics of thos singing at th wlls. Ovr and ovr again thy rpat th victoris of th LORD, th victoris for his villags in Isral. Thn th LORD'S popl wnt down to th city gat. Lt thm tll th rightous acts of th LORD, th rightous dds of His warriors in Isral, with th voics of th singrs at th watring placs. Thn th LORD's popl wnt down to th gats. Loudr than th sound of archrs [Or thundr pals ; maning of Hbrw uncrtain], Thr among th watring placs Lt thm chant th gracious acts of th LORD, His gracious dlivranc of Isral. Litral, almost wo-for-wo, rndrings:

57 Th Book of th Judgs 761 Updatd Emphasizd Bibl ESV LTHB NASB Own's Translation Young's Litral Translation In th plac of th nois of bowmn among th wlls Thr spak boldly of th rightous acts of Yahwh, rightous a c ts of his rul ovr Isral, Thn had com down to th gats th popl of Yahwh. To th sound of musicians at th watring placs, thr thy rpat th rightous triumphs of th LORD, th rightous triumphs of his villagrs in Isral. "Thn down to th gats marchd th popl of th LORD. Loudr than th voic of th dividrs btwn th watring placs thr, thy shall tll of th rightous acts of Jhovah, th rightous acts of His ladrs in Isral. Thn th popl of Jhovah wnt down to th gats. At th sound of thos who divid flocks among th watring placs, Thr thy shall rcount th rightous dds of th LORD, Th rightous dds for His pasantry [or, rural dwllrs] in Isral. Thn th popl of th LORD wnt down to th gats. To th sound of musicians (archrs) at th watring placs; thr thy rpat th triumphs of Yahwh; th triumphs of his pasantry in Isral; thn thy marchd down to th gats, th popl of Yahwh. By th voic of shoutrs Btwn th placs of drawing watr, Thr thy giv out rightous acts of Jhovah, Rightous acts of His villags in Isral, Thn ruld in th gats hav th popl of Jhovah. What is th gist of this vrs? Thos at th watring hols rcount th grat dds of Jhovah. Thy also spak of th grat rightous acts of thir ladrs, although thr appars to b a lot of disagrmnt hr. Finally, it appars as though th popl of Jhovah march down to th gats, although th significanc of this is rathr nbulous. I should warn you that dtrmining what w hav in this vrs is going to b difficult, if not impossibl. Judgs 5:11a Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs min (ï îò) [pronouncd min] from, away from, out from, out of from, off, on account of, sinc, abov, than, so that not, abov, byond, mor than prposition of sparation Strong's #4480 BDB #577 qôwl (ì ) [pronouncd kohl] sound, voic, nois; loud nois, thundring masculin singular construct Strong s #6963 BDB #876 châtsats (õ öç çè ) [pronouncd khawtsahts] singrs; shoutrs, thos who yll; thos who ar sprad out; thos who hav bn st fr [libratd] 3 prson masculin plural, Pil participl Strong s #2686 BDB #346 bêyn (ïé Å ) [pronouncd ban] in th midst of, btwn, among; whn found twic, it mans btwn prposition Strong's #996 BDB #107 mash âb (á àè î) - [pronouncd mahsh - B AW V] a drawing plac for watr; a channl; a plac to watr cattl masculin plural noun Strong s #4857 BDB #980 Translation: From th sound of thos who hav bn libratd [or, th dividrs] at th watring hols;... W bgin this vrs with th mîn prposition, which mans from, out from. It is followd by th masculin singular construct of qôwl (ì ) [pronouncd kohl], which mans sound, voic. What this is th sound of is th Pil participl,

58 Judgs Chaptr masculin plural of châtsats (õ öç çè ) [pronouncd khaw-tsahts], which is said to man to divid. In th Pil participl, w hav th possibl rndrings dividrs [or spoil], sharpnrs, archrs. This wo is found only in thr placs, and in ach cas it is a diffrnt stm. In Prov. 30:27, it is th Qal participl; in Judgs 5:11, it is th Pil participl; and in Job 21:21, it is a Pual prfct. This also has a noun cognat, which is also found but thr tims in Scriptur (Strong s #2687 BDB #346), onc rnd arrows (Psalm 77:17) and onc rnd gravl or gravl stons (Prov. 20:17 Lam. 3:16). Strong s #2686 BDB #346. Th bst way to dal with this is to first list th vrss which ar in qustion, and thn show what othr good translators hav don in ach of th six cass: How is Châtsats Gnrally Translatd? Vrs Vrb Grk NRSV NASB Rothrham Young Judgs 5:11 By th voic of [a masculin plural, Pil participl] btwn th placs of drawing watr... Disturbrs (or, noisy ons) musicians thos who divid flocks bowmn shoutrs Job 21:21 Provrbs 30:27 For what is his dlight in his hous aftr him, and th numbr of his months [vrb] A king thr is not to th locust, and it gos out ach on [Qal participl] cut off cut off cut off cut in twain cut off orly in rank in ranks in swarms shouting Vrs Noun Grk NRSV NASB Rothrham Young Psalm 77:17 Pou out watrs hav thick clouds; th skis hav givn forth a nois. And, Your [plural noun] go up and down arrows arrows arrows arrows arrows Provrbs 20:17 Swt to a man is th brad of falshood and aftrwas his mouth is filld [with] [singular noun] [vrs missing] gravl gravl gravl gravl Lam. 3:16 And H braks my tth with [plural noun], H has cov m with ashs gravl gravl gravl gravlstons gravl Obviously, this chart dos not bring us to any clar conclusions about this wo or its noun cognats. Rturn to Chaptr Outlin Charts, Maps and Short Doctrins What w hav hr is prtty obvious; ths translators agr amongst ach othr, probably a combination of going back to th Grk translation and dfrnc to th KJV. Howvr, thy do not intrnally agr; that is, thr is mor of a diffrnc btwn any translator in his own Bibl than thr is btwn various translators in th sam vrs. Now lt m offr an ntirly diffrnt translation, suggstd in part by th NRSV and by Young: th vrb mans to sing; and th noun mans song. Whras, I am not nthralld by ths rndrings, and prhaps somon, in studying ths vrs, can com up with a bttr rndring. My translation dos violnc to th intrprtation of Prov. 20:17 (in my opinion, it is unaccptabl in that cas). In r-xamination, prhaps shouting or ylling would work for th vrb; and shout or yll for th noun. Th thi possibility is that this mans to cut up, to divid for th vrb and th noun is th rsult of what has bn cut up or dividd, which would b arrows, stons, or gravl. Th dividing up alludd to could b flocks which hav gottn mixd up whil bing wat. Thr is a pacful, if not amiabl, division of th hs. Lt s add to this that Kil and Dlitzsch rightly point out that this wo is nvr usd

59 Th Book of th Judgs for dividing up spoil; thr is anothr wo for that. Thy suggst archr as a rprsntativ of a warrior. As you can s, th job th translator is not asy. Thos who hav bn libratd (th Isralits) ar at th watring hols; fom of movmnt spaks of thir fom in gnral. Whn gath at ths watring hols, this would b a grat fling, and th popl would b animatd, happy and joyous. This would b rflctd in thir spch, thir grtings, in thir gnral convrsation. Whn thy gathr at ths watring hols, it would b loud and on could har thm from a ways off. From th sound of thos who hav bn libratd at watring hols;... Jamison, Fausst and Brown: Th wlls which ar at a littl distanc from towns in th East, ar, in unsttld tims, placs of dangr. But in pac thy ar scns of plasant and joyous rsort. 38 Edrshim also points out that, apart from th difficult languag, that this vrs contrasts a tim of pac with a tim of war and/or opprssion. Judgs 5:11b Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs shâm (í È ) [pronouncd shawm] thr; at that tim, thn; thrin, in that thing advrb Strong s #8033 BDB #1027 tânâh (äð È È ) [pronouncd taw-naw] to rcount, to clbrat 3 prson masculin plural, Pil imprfct Strong s #8567 [& #8566] BDB #1072 [& #1071] Thr is an ntirly diffrnt maning (to hir; to hir a prostitut), which is Strong s #8566 BDB #1071. Th othr usag is only found in th Qal and Hiphil. ts dâqâh (ä È ãè ö ) Ó [pronouncd ts daw- KAW] rightousnsss, xcutd rightousnsss and justic, rightous acts, rightous vindication fminin plural construct Strong s #6666 BDB #842 YHWH (äåäé) [pronunciation is possibly yhoh-wah] translitratd variously as Jhovah, Yahwh, Y howah propr noun Strong s #3068 BDB #217 Translation:...thr thy [clbrat and] rcall th rightous acts of Yhowah,... What thy do at th watring hols is th Pil imprfct of tânâh (ä ð È È ) [pronouncd taw-naw], which appars to mans both hir or procur [a prostitut]; and to rcount, to clbrat, th diffrnc bing dtrmind by contxt. Whovr is at th watring placs, whthr it is thos who hav bn victorious ovr th Canaanits and ar now dividing th booty, or whatvr; thy ar to clbrat and rcount th fminin plural construct of rightousnss, xcutd rightousnss and justic, rightous vindication. What this givs us so far is: From th sound of thos who hav bn libratd at th watring placs, thr thy [clbrat and] rcall th rightous acts of Y howah... This gnration, at last for a short tim, undrstands th function of God in thir livs; thy undrstand that H has libratd thm from thir opprssors, and that God is th sourc of fom in thir livs. 37 Frman suggsts two sts of popl hr; thos who would li in wait for flocks to b wat, and thn thy would s woop down and tak and divid th flocks amongst thmslvs; and a group of popl who protctd against this. I just don t think that w hav ths two sts of popl in this vrs. To rad Frman s opinion, s Mannrs and Customs of th Bibl; Jams M. Frman; rprintd in 1972 by Logos Intrnational; p Jamison, Fausst and Brown's Commntary. Wb link.

60 Judgs Chaptr Judgs 5:11c Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs ts dâqâh (ä È ãè ö ) Ó [pronouncd ts daw- KAW] rightousnsss, xcutd rightousnsss and justic, rightous acts, rightous vindication fminin plural construct Strong s #6666 BDB #842 p râzôwn (ï æ È ) ø Ó [pronouncd p raw- ZOHN] rul, dominion; rural xpansion; tru ladrship masculin singular noun with th 3 prson masculin singular suffix Strong s #6520 BDB #826 h b ( ) [pronouncd b ] Ó in, into, through; at, by, nar, on, upon; with, bfor, against; by mans of; among; within a prposition of proximity No Strong s # BDB #88 Yis râ êl (ìà Å øè Ó é)ò [pronouncd yis-raw- ALE] translitratd Isral masculin propr noun Strong s #3478 BDB #975 Translation:...th rightous acts of His tru ladrship in Isral. Th wo for xcutd rightousnss is rpatd; first it is of Jhovah, and scondly, it is of Isral s pasantry or rural xpansion or tru ladrship (s v. 7). You must undrstand that th xcutd rightousnss of God can b manifst as a varity of actions; in this cas, it is th scuring of th fom of Isral. Part of thir fom is th simpl ability to lav th gats of th city and to go to thir watr sourcs. Apparntly, this was not a saf thing to do whil undr th opprssion of Sisra and Jabin. Clark givs his tak: As wlls wr vry scarc in vry part of th East, and travlrs in such hot countris must hav watr, robbrs and banditti gnrally took thir stations nar tank s, pools, and springs, in or that thy might suddnly fall upon thos who cam to drink; and whn th country was badly govrnd, annoyancs of this kind wr vry frqunt. Th victory gaind now by th Isralits put th whol country undr thir own govrnmnt, and th land was clansd from such maraudrs. Dr. Shaw, in his account of th sa-coast of th Mauritania Casarinsis, pag 20, mntions a bautiful rill of watr that runs into a basin of Roman workmanship, calld shrub w k rub, drink and b off, bcaus of th dangr of mting with assassins in th plac. Instad of such dangr and inscurity, Dborah intimats that thy may sit down at th plac of drawing watr, and thr rcall th rightous acts of th Lo; th land bing now vrywhr in pac, or and good govrnmnt bing rsto. 39 W in th Unitd Stats, having bn givn such grat fom, hav difficulty imagining lif undr grat opprssion. Thr is a sgmnt of our population which compars Gorg W. Bush to Hitlr and our own POW camps to th Gulags of Russia. Such popl hav no historical concpt of what ral tyranny and opprssion is, so, whn thy do not lik th satd prsidnt, thy compar him and policis of his administration to tyrannis that thy thmslvs rally could not imagin. Thy barly grasp th symbology; Hitlr is bad, so, bcaus thy viw Bush as bad, Hitlr and Bush must b quivalnt; Gulags ar bad, thrfor, our intrmnt camps for war prisonrs must b bad, as Bush is prsidnt whil thy xist. A complt lack of any tru historical knowldg; a complt lack of apprciation for what tru tyranny and opprssion is. Howvr, this gnration of Isralits fully undrstands what ral opprssion is; and th contrast of tru fom. 39 Adam Clark, Commntary on th Bibl; from -Swo, Judgs 5:11.

61 Th Book of th Judgs 765 Judgs 5:11d Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs âz (æ àè ) [pronouncd awz] thn, at that tim, in that cas (whn following an if or though), now, as things ar; that bing so advrb Strong s #227 BDB #23 yârad (ã øç éè) [pronouncd yaw-rahd] to dscnd, to go down 3 prson masculin plural, Qal prfct Strong s #3381 BDB #432 lâmd (ì) (pronouncd l ) to, for, towas, in rgas to dirctional/rlational prposition No Strong s # BDB #510 sha ar (øò - ) - [pronouncd SHAHìahr] gats [control of city can b implid]; ntranc [through th gats] masculin plural noun; with th dfinit articl Strong s #8179 BDB #1044 am (í òç ) [pronouncd ìahm] popl; rac, trib; family, rlativs; citizns, common popl; companions, srvants; ntir human rac; h [of animals] masculin singular construct Strong s #5971 BDB #766 YHWH (äåäé) [pronunciation is possibly yhoh-wah] translitratd variously as Jhovah, Yahwh, Y howah propr noun Strong s #3068 BDB #217 Translation: Thn th popl of Y howah wnt down to th gats. Part of thir clbration is to go down to th gats. What this is all about is that ths wr gats which rstrictd thir travl; ths wr gats which would hav kpt thm in or out of crtain citis. Thy wr mor or lss saf within th gats of thir citis, but thy wr not whn thy lft thir citis. Now thy can go in and out, as thy hav rgaind thir prsonal fom and thir safty. In ths past thr vrss, th popl ar to clbrat thir fom and to spak of th hroic acts of thos who dliv thm, and to prais God for what has occur. In othr wos, th Isralits ar clbrating th fom which was scu for thm by Dborah and Barak, which will b alludd to in th nxt vrs, and thn cov in gratr dtail in subsqunt vrss. Wsly on th gats of th city: [Ths] wr whr both city and country gath for public businss and mattrs of justic, from which thy thy had bn dbar by thir opprssors; but now thy had fr accss and passag, ithr in or out of th gats, as thir occasions rqui; and thy who had bn drivn from thir citis, now rturnd to thm in pac and triumph; so th citizns dlivranc is clbratd hr. 40 Awak, awak, Dborah, awak, awak; uttr a song. Aris Barak and lad away captiv your captivs, O son of Abinoam. Judgs 5:12 Awak, awak, Dborah, awak, awak, and uttr a song. Aris Barak and lad away captiv your captivs, O son of Abinoam. Wak up, Dborah, wak up, sing a song! Gt up, Barak, son of Abinoam, and lad away captiv your captivs. 40 John Wsly; Explanatory Nots on th Whol Bibl; courtsy of -swo, Judgs 5:11; slightly ditd.

62 Judgs Chaptr Hr is how othrs hav translatd this vrs: Ancint txts: Masortic Txt Sptuagint Significant diffrncs: Awak, awak, Dborah, awak, awak; uttr a song. Aris Barak and lad away captiv your captivs, O son of Abinoam. Awak, awak, Dbbora; awak, awak, uttr a song: aris, Barac, and lad your captivity captiv, son of Abinm. Non. W had two difficult vrss, but w might b in for smoothr sailing now. Thought-for-thought translations; paraphrass: CEV Th Mssag...and said, "Dborah, lt's go! Lt's sing as w march. Barak, captur our nmis." Wak up, wak up, Dborah! Wak up, wak up, sing a song! On your ft, Barak! Tak your prisonrs, son of Abinoam!. Mostly litral rndrings (with som occasional paraphrasing): God s Wo HCSB Gt up! Gt up, Dborah! Gt up! Gt up and crat a song! Barak, attack! Tak your prisonrs, son of Abinoam. "Awak! Awak, Dborah! Awak! Awak, sing a song! Aris Barak, and tak hold of your captivs, son of Abinoam!" Litral, almost wo-for-wo, rndrings: ESV Young's Updatd LT "Awak, awak, Dborah! Awak, awak, brak out in a song! Aris, Barak, lad away your captivs, O son of Abinoam. Awak, awak, Dborah; Awak, awak, uttr a song; Ris, Barak, and tak captiv thy captivity, Son of Abinoam. What is th gist of this vrs? Dborah and Barak ar calld upon to go into action hr. Judgs 5:12a Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs ûwr (ø ò) [pronouncd ìoor] rous onslf, awakn, wak up; b raisd up [stir up or liftd up]; b inducd, b prsuadd nd 2 prson fminin singular, Qal imprativ Strong s #5782 BDB #734 ûwr (ø ò) [pronouncd ìoor] rous onslf, awakn, wak up; b raisd up [stir up or liftd up]; b inducd, b prsuadd nd 2 prson fminin singular, Qal imprativ Strong s #5782 BDB #734 D bôwrâh (ä ø È á ) b Ó [pronouncd d -voh- RAW], b; translitratd Dborah fminin singular noun Strong s #1683 BDB #184 Translation: Awak, awak, Dborah,... At last this vrs will not b nar as ruggd as th prvious. W hav th Qal imprativ of rous yourslf, awak. This is usd four tims. It is a call to Dborah to tak action. Th psalmist spaks to God in a similar way. To th psalmist, it appars as though God is no longr to b found in Isral, although th psalmist knows that God has not forgottn Isral. H writs: Aros, Yourslf! Why do you

63 Th Book of th Judgs 767 slp, O Jhovah? Awak and do not rjct us forvr. Why do You hid Your fac and forgt our affliction and our opprssions? (Psalm 44:23 24). Barak, in th nxt lin, is also calld to tak action. By th way, thr is no lthargy in Dborah, and so sh has to tll hrslf to wak up (as pr Gill); Dborah is writing th song, and sh dos not com off rmiss ithr in th song or in th narrativ of Judgs 4. Now, what is occurring is, Dborah is bing calld by God bing prssd into srvic for a national crisis; sh is whom God will us. So, vn though sh is a faithful vssl through whom God works, it is clar at this junctur that God has a plan for hr to guid Barak in th dlivranc of Isral. Thrfor, ths Qal imprativs ar not simply artistic licns, and thy don t simply sound nic rpatd; but God is calling Dborah to play an important part in Isral s history. Th call for a blivr to wak up or to tak a stand can rfr to svral diffrnt things. What it Mans Whn a Prson is Told to Wak up or to Ris up Maning Dborah is calld upon to bcom a spiritual atlas in hr day. Dborah is calld upon to rco potically what happnd. David is calling upon God s glory and honor within him to b awaknd. T h is is a call to God to bcom activly involvd in th dstiny of Isra l, as it appa for som tim that H had not bn. Thr ar no mn of spiritual intgrity in Jrusalm, so th city sms to b falling apart and undr God s wrath. I bliv that w ar spaking of th ultimat sanctification of Isral hr. Not only do th Jws com back as th popl of God, but th city Jrusalm gos into th Millnnium as a holy city. Th intrprtation is similar to that abov; th Jws and Jrusalm will assum a ladrship position spiritually. Scriptur and Furthr Commntary Judgs 5:12a: Awak, awak, Dborah,... Dborah is a matur blivr with a spiritual impact; howvr, in this cas, sh is going to hav an ffct on hr nation. Judgs 5:12b:...awak, awak, and uttr a song. Dborah is calld upon to rco potically what has happnd, which givs th divin viwpoint. Psalm 57:8a: Wak up, my glory,... This is a mor difficult call; in th sam vrs, David calls for musical instrumnts to awakn, which is asir to xplain, and a lot lss intrsting (th musical instrumnts awakn whn thy ar playd which xplanation also applis to Psalm 108:2). Isa. 51:9: Awak, awak, put on strngth, O arm of th LORD; awak, as in days of old, th gnrations of long ago. Was it not you who cut Rahab in pics, that pircd th dragon? Evn though Isaiah calls for God to act, this dos not man that H had no function in Isral s history immdiatly prior to this call, nor dos it man that God sort of forgot about Isral; this is a anthropopathism whr to us, it appars as though God did not function in Isral, although H has all along. Isa 51:17 18: Wak yourslf, wak yourslf, stand up, O Jrusalm, you who hav drunk from th hand of th LORD th cup of his wrath, who hav drunk to th drgs th bowl, th cup of staggring. Thr is non to guid hr among all th sons sh has born; thr is non to tak hr by th hand among all th sons sh has brought up. Isa 52:1 2: Awak, awak, put on your strngth, O Zion; put on your bautiful garmnts, O Jrusalm, th holy city; for thr shall no mor com into you th uncircumcisd and th unclan. Shak yourslf from th dust and aris; b satd, O Jrusalm; loos th bonds from your nck, O captiv daughtr of Zion. Isa. 60:1 3: Aris, shin, for your light has com, and th glory of th LORD has risn upon you. For bhold, darknss shall covr th arth, and thick darknss th popls; but th LORD will aris upon you, and his glory will b sn upon you. And nations shall com to your light, and kings to th brightnss of your rising.

64 Judgs Chaptr What it Mans Whn a Prson is Told to Wak up or to Ris up Maning Paul rouss th Corinthians to do that which is right; to gt back into fllowship, and to grow spiritually. Th contxt dos not appar to apply to unblivrs who awakn to th gospl of Jsus Christ, but rathr to blivrs who actions ar th sam as th actions of unblivrs. Thy ar to gt back into fllowship. Scriptur and Furthr Commntary 1Cor. 15:34: Wak up from your drunkn stupor, as is right, and do not go on sinning. For som hav no knowldg of God. I say this to your sham. Som grat tachrs hav bn at Corinth, and som blivrs thr undrstand littl or no thology. Eph. 5:12 14: For it is shamful vn to spak of th things that thy do in scrt. But whn anything is xposd by th light, it bcoms visibl, for anything that bcoms visibl is light. Thrfor it says, "Awak, O slpr, and aris from th dad, and Christ will shin on you." This appars to b a rathr fr translation of Isa. 60:1 (abov). Whn th Scriptur has languag which says, awak, awak, it is apparnt by th contxt of ths passags that it dos not always rfr to th sam thing. Thr ar many othr xampls whr blivrs ar simply told to tak a stand. Rturn to Chaptr Outlin Rturn to Charts, Maps and Short Doctrins Judgs 5:12b Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs ûwr (ø ò) [pronouncd ìoor] rous onslf, awakn, wak up; b raisd up [stir up or liftd up]; b inducd, b prsuadd nd 2 prson fminin singular, Qal imprativ Strong s #5782 BDB #734 ûwr (ø ò) [pronouncd ìoor] rous onslf, awakn, wak up; b raisd up [stir up or liftd up]; b inducd, b prsuadd nd 2 prson fminin singular, Qal imprativ Strong s #5782 BDB #734 dâbar (ø áç ãè ) [pronouncd b daw -VAHR] to spak, to talk [and back with action], to giv an opinion, to xpound, to mak a formal spch, to spak out, to promis, to propos, to spak kindly of, to dclar, to proclaim, to announc nd 2 prson fminin singular, Pil imprativ Strong s #1696 BDB #180 shîyr (øé. ) [pronouncd shr] song, singing masculin singular noun Strong s #7892 BDB #1010 Translation:...awak, awak, and uttr a song. I suspct that th ida bhind Dborah singing a song is, this is on way that sh communicats th Wo of God. This scond st of awak, awak, God calls upon Dborah to writ this song, which also contains doctrin, just as th narrativ of th prvious chaptr did.

65 Th Book of th Judgs 769 Judgs 5:12c Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs qûwm (í ) [pronouncd koom] to stand, to ris up, to gt up; to stablish, to stablish a vow, to caus a vow to stand, to confirm or to fulfill a vow nd 2 prson masculin singular, Qal imprativ Strong s #6965 BDB #877 Bârâq ( øè È ) [pronouncd baw- RAWK] lightning, lightning flash; translitratd Barak masculin singular, propr noun Strong s #1301 BDB #140 Translation: Aris Barak... A mal ladr is ndd to lad Isral into combat against th Canaanits. Dborah, as w know, is th on who summons him. Judgs 5:12d Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs w (or v ) (å) [pronouncd wh] and, vn, thn; namly; whn; sinc, that, so that; though simpl wâw conjunction No Strong s # BDB #251 shâbâh (ä áè È ) [pronouncd shaw b - VAW ] to lad away captivs, to tak captiv nd 2 prson masculin singular, Qal imprativ Strong s #7617 BDB #985 b shê vîy (é á ò ) b Ó [pronouncd sh -VEE] captivs, captivity masculin singular noun nd with th 2 prson masculin singular suffix Strong s #7628 BDB #985 bên (ï Å ) [pronouncd ban] son, dscndant masculin singular construct Strong s #1121 BDB #119 Ã bîynô am (íò Éðé á. àâ ) b - [pronouncd u -v-noh- ÌAHM] my fathr is a dlight; fathr of plasantnss; translitratd Abinoam masculin singular, propr noun Strong s #42 BDB #4 Translation:...and lad away captiv your captivs, O son of Abinoam. What Barak is to do, aftr rising up, is th Qal imprativ of lad away captivs, tak captiv. This is followd by its noun cognat, th masculin plural captivs, captivity. Barak, aftr soundly dfating th nmy, is to lad away his captivs. On of th things I nd to xplain hr is, how can Barak lad away anything captiv, if all of Sisra s army is dstroyd (Judgs 4:16: And Barak pursud th chariots and th army to Haroshth-hagoyim, and all th army of Sisra fll by th dg of th swo; not a man was lft). If Sisra s Army is Dstroyd, Who is Ld Away Captiv? 1. On xplanation is, Dborah is spaking of lading away th possssions of th Canaanits (thir shp, thir cattl, tc.). 2. Evn mor likly, Jabin has mor than on division (his primary army is ld by Sisra), and that captivs ar mad from som of thos from Jabin s othr divisions. It is obvious, by what follows (which tribs

66 Judgs Chaptr If Sisra s Army is Dstroyd, Who is Ld Away Captiv? participat and which do not, as compa to th two tribs usd in Judgs 4) that th war continud, vn aftr this vry dcisiv victory. 3. A thi xplanation is, Isral took civilians as prisonrs, latr using thm as slavs. 4. Thr is th possibility that vn though Judgs 4:16 sounds as if thr is no a singl man rmaining, that dos not hav to b takn in an absolut litral sns. I.., thr was not a man lft to oppos Barak s army; i.., thy surrnd; or, virtually, th ntir army was wipd out, but thr wr a fw dozn rmaining who wr takn as prisonrs. Prsonally, I would go with th scond xplanation, but any of ths asily xplain th apparnt contradiction of this vrs and Judgs 4:16. By th way, th scond xplanation appals to m, not bcaus I do not lik th implications of Isral taking Canaanit slavs, but bcaus passags which follow indicat that othr tribs joind in latr to continu this fight. That is, w hav additional Scriptur which backs up th scond xplanation. This fourth xplanation could b applicabl as wll in addition to th scond. Rturn to Chaptr Outlin Rturn to Charts, Maps and Short Doctrins On of th things which I find to b th most disconcrting about th Hbrw writrs is th complt disrga, at tims, for chronology. What w hav bn givn, so far, is th gnral stat of Isral prior to Isral s fight for indpndnc. W hav a mntion of Dborah and Barak, who ar calld upon to tak a stand; and thn w hav th rsults of thir fight for fom. What coms nxt is not what coms nxt chronologically, but th participation or lack of participation of th allid tribs of Isral, followd by th battl against Sisra. Lt m b mor spcific: th nxt six vrss do not prcd th subsqunt vrss in tim. In fa c t, Judgs 5:19 30 prcd in tim Judgs 5:9 18. David, who wrot many of th psalms, no doubt studid th songs found lswhr, and was inspi by this lin. H wrot: You hav ascndd on high; You hav ld captiv Your captivs; You hav rcivd gifts among mn th rbllious also; that Yah God may dwll [thr] (Psalm 68:18). Paul saw this as prophcy, and quotd this cnturis latr: But to ach on of us, grac was givn accoing to th masur of Christ s gift. Thrfor, it rads: Whn H ascndd on high, H ld captiv an army of captivs, and H gav gifts to mn (Eph. 4:8; 41 Psalm 68:18). So this is an intrsting sris; what Dborah writs hr apparntly inspirs David, who writs somthing vry similar; and thn Paul taks it and is inspi as wll. So, th phras has on maning hr; it has a compltly diffrnt maning at David s hand, possibly vn a two-fold maning, and Paul uss this to gt across a diffrnt point in Eph. 4:8. Rturn to Chaptr Outlin Charts, Maps and Short Doctrins Lt s s if I can organiz this a littl bttr: 41 As a sid not, Paul was not quoting from th Grk Sptuagint, as it rads th sam as th Hbrw. Eithr it had bn changd or Paul changd th rading himslf.

67 Th Book of th Judgs 771 Th Trip from Judgs 5:12 to Ephsians 4:8 Scriptur Passag Intrprtation Judgs 5:12 Psalm 68:18 Ephsians 4:8 Awak, awak, Dborah, awak, awak, and uttr a song. Aris Barak and lad away captiv your captivs, O son of Abinoam. You hav ascndd on high; You hav ld captiv Your captivs; You hav rcivd gifts among mn th rbllious also; that Yah God may dwll [thr]. But to ach on of us, grac was givn accoing to th masur of Christ s gift. Thrfor, it rads: Whn H ascndd on high, H ld captiv an army of captivs, and H gav gifts to mn 42 (Eph. 4:8; Psalm 68:18). Barak is sn by Dborah as alrady victorious, whn sh calls upon him to tak a stand; his captivs would b Canaanit popl (and possibly soldirs) whom h lads away into captivity. Th contxt is God s prsnc in crtain mountains,.g., Sinai. This vrs is dirctd towa God (You). God ascnding on high rfrs to his spcial prsnc going from th mountains to His royal thron room (as in Job 1). Taking c a p tivity captiv mans that God has achivd a complt and total victory in th anglic conflict; and that Satan and his falln angls would b bound. Th gifts in mn, as th Hbrw rads, would b th chang in man, including Christ s indwlling, and th divin good that thy produc. This may rfr to Jsus Christ whn H is among mn, and th gifts H would rciv would b ths mn who bliv in Him. Th rbllious indicats that ths ar mn who formrly wr in rbllion against God, and thy a r in Him. God dwlls with man, as H has mad Himslf manifst on Mount Sinai. First of all, Paul changs th txt which h quots hr; h is not quoting th Hbrw or th Grk. Paul bgins this chaptr by calling himslf a prisonr of th Lo. H thn spaks to th unity of th faith, and maks two points from this passag which h quots: (1) Jsus Christ had to dscnd into th lowr parts of th arth (whr blivrs and unblivrs wr kpt, in sparat aras), and that H would ascnd from thr into havn, whr H would rciv approval from God. That H would lad ths blivrs out of Abraham s bosom is probably th intnt of Paul, but h dos not laborat. (2) Jsus Christ gav spiritual gifts to blivrs, which Paul latr laborats on. You will not that David th psalmist mrly uss th phras found in Judgs 5:12, but non of th maning of our passag. Paul ssntially dos th sam thing; h quots th passag out of contxt and vn misquots a portion of it, and givs it anothr application altogthr. Th gifts in mn and th gifts which God giv to mn ar rlatd. Blivrs ar gifts to Jsus Christ; H indwlls man and thy blong to Him. Bcaus thy ar His, God th Holy Spirit givs gifts to mn so that w may hav a ral function in this arth. Rturn to Chaptr Outlin Rturn to Charts, Maps and Short Doctrins 42 As a sid not, Paul was not quoting from th Grk Sptuagint, as it rads th sam as th Hbrw. Eithr it had bn changd or Paul changd th rading himslf.

68 Judgs Chaptr Aftr rading Clark s commntary on v. 28, and studying this song from a distanc, I not that this song is apparntly sung by Dborah and Barak, both individually and togthr. Thr was possibly vn a chorus, and that this, for a tim, was sung by a man and a woman and a chorus. If I put my mind to this, I might b abl to com up with a vry imprfct of lin distribution that is, who sung which lins. Howvr, that may b bttr lft to a music dirctor, and his choir. In any cas, I do want to not that crtain lins could only b spokn by a spcific prson. Who Sings What in Dborah s Song? Prson Lins Commnts Dborah or Barak Dborah Barak Dborah During a tim whn thos who vowd in Isral to avng, whn th popl volunt. Blssd is Jhovah. Kings, listn to m, and princs, pay attntion to m; I will sing to Jhovah; I will mak music to Jhovah, th God of Isral: Jhovah, whn You wnt out from Sir and whn You march out of th rgion of Edom, th ground quakd and th havns bgan to rain; in fact, th clouds pou down rain. Th mountains quakd in th prsnc of Jhovah; vn, this mountain Sinai quakd bfor th prsnc of Jhovah, th God of Isral. During th tim of Shamgar bn Anath and Jal, fr movmnt on th highways narly casd; travlrs took th back routs instad. Tru ladrship had casd in Isral; It casd until I, Dborah, aros; a mothr in Isral. Isral chos nw gods and thn, suddnly, war was within hr gats. Was thr vn a shild or a spar to b found among forty thousand in Isral? My hart gos out to th scribs in Isral, th ons who hav willing volunt to lad th popl; Blss Jhovah, all of you. Thos of you who rid upon xpnsiv donkys and thos of you who sit upon carpts, and thos of you who ar walking about frly and in safty vrbally acknowldg and rcogniz thos who providd you your fom. From th sound of th tradrs at th watring hols, whr thy clbrat and rcall th rightous acts of Jhovah th rightous acts of His ladrship in Isral. Thn th popl of Jhovah wnt down to th gats. Wak up, Dborah, wak up, sing a song! G t up, Barak, son of Abinoam, and lad away captiv your captivs. Immdiatly in v. 3, it is clar that only on prson is singing. It would b rasonabl for Dborah to sing up until I will mak music to Jhovah, th God of Isral, at which point, Barak sings. At last portions of this passag had to b sung by Dborah. Dborah is not going to call to hrslf! Barak will not call to himslf.

69 Th Book of th Judgs 773 From this point on, it is mor difficult to assign vocals to ithr prson spcifically. What I hav don to this point is imprfct, I am sur. Howvr, th point I am gtting across is, as only portions of this song can b sung by a spcific prson, som information in this song can only com from a spcific prson. Nar th nd of this song, w will har an account of Sisra s dath which could hav only com from Jal. At th nd of this song, w gt th viwpoint of Sisra s mothr, who givs us information about Sisra and his raiding partis which w would not othrwis hav had. Rturn to Chaptr Outlin Rturn to Charts, Maps and Short Doctrins I did a littl sarching on th intrnt, and apparntly Dr. Knnicott also distributd th lins of this song: Dr. Knnicott s Division of Vocals Dborah Barak Both Dborah Barak Dborah Barak Both Dborah Barak Dborah Barak Both Dborah Barak Barak Dborah Dborah Barak Dborah Barak Both For th ladrs who took th lad in Isral, For th popl who off thmslvs willingly, BLESS YE JEHOVAH! Har, O y kings! Giv ar, O y princs! I unto JEHOVAH will sing. I will answr in song to JEHOVAH; THE GOD OF ISRAEL! O JEHOVAH, at thy going forth from Sir At thy marching from th fild of Edom, Th arth trmbld, vn th havns pou down; Th thick clouds pou down th watrs Th mountains mltd at JEHOVAH'S prsnc. Sinai itslf, at th prsnc of JEHOVAH THE GOD OF ISRAEL! In th days of Shamgar, th son of Anath, In th days of Jal, th highways wr dsrtd. For thy who had gon by straight paths, Passd by ways that wr vry crookd. Dsrtd wr th villags in Isral. Thy wr dsrtd till I, Dborah, aros; Till I aros a mothr in Isral. Thy chos nw gods! Thn, whn war was at th gats, Was thr a shild sn, or a spar, Among forty thousand in Isral? My hart is towas th rulrs of Isral; Y who off yourslvs willingly among th popl. BLESS YE JEHOVAH! 10 Dborah Y who rid upon whit asss; Y who sit upon th sat of judgmnt.

70 Judgs Chaptr Dr. Knnicott s Division of Vocals Barak Dborah Barak Both Barak Dborah And y who travl upon th roads, Talk of Him with th voic of prais. Lt thm who mt armd at th watring placs Thr show th rightous acts of JEHOVAH, And th rightousnss of th villags of Isral: Thn shall thy go down to th gats; THE PEOPLE OF JEHOVAH! Awak, awak, Dborah! Awak, awak, lad on th song. Aris, Barak! and lad thy captivity captiv, Barak, thou son of Abinoam. 13 Barak Thn, whn th rmaindr dscndd aftr thir chifs, Jhovah's popl dscndd aftr m, Against th mighty Dborah Barak Dborah Barak Dborah Barak Dborah Barak Dborah Barak Dborah Both Dborah Barak Out of Ephraim was thir bginning at Mount Amalk; And aftr th was Bnjamin, against th nations. From Machir, cam mastrs in th art of war; And from Zbulun, thos who thrw th dart. Th princs in Issachar wr numb Togthr with Dborah and Barak. And Issachar was th gua of Barak, Into th vally snt clos at his ft. Db. At th divisions of Rubn, Grat wr th imprssions of hart. Why sattst thou among th rivult? What! to har th blatings of th flocks? For th divisions of Rubn, Grat wr th sarchings of hart. Gad dwlt quitly byond Joan; And Dan, why abod h in ships? Ashr continud in th harbour of th sas, And rmaind among his craggy placs. Zbulun wr th popl, and Naphtali, Who xposd thir livs unto th dath, ON THE HEIGHTS OF THE FIELD. Th kings cam, thy fought; Thn fought th kings of Canaan; At Taanac, abov th watrs of Mgiddo: Th plundr of richs thy did not rciv. 20 Dborah From havn did thy fight; Th stars, from thir lofty stations, Fought against Sisra. 21 Barak 22 Dborah Barak Th rivr Kishon swpt thm away, Th rivr intrcptd thm; th rivr Kishon: It was thr my soul trod down strngth. It was thn th hoofs of th cavalry wr batt. By th scamprings, th scamprings of its strong stds. Curs y th land of Mroz, Said th mssngr of JEHOVAH: 23 Dborah Both Curs y havily its inhabitants, Bcaus thy cam not for hlp. JEHOVAH WAS FOR HELP! JEHOVAH AGAINST THE MIGHTY!

71 Th Book of th Judgs 775 Dr. Knnicott s Division of Vocals 24 Dborah Praisd among womn will b Jal, Th wif of Hbr th Knit; Among womn in th tnt will sh b praisd. 25 Barak H askd watr, sh gav him milk; In a princly bowl sh brought it Dborah Barak Dborah Barak Both Dborah Barak Hr lft hand sh put forth to th nail; And hr right hand to th workman's hammr. Sh struck Sisra, sh smot his had; Thn sh struck through, and pircd his tmpls. At hr ft h bowd, h fll! At hr ft h bowd, h fll! WHERE HE BOWED. THERE HE FELL DEAD. Through th window sh lookd out and calld, Evn th mothr of Sisra, through th lattic; 'Why is his chariot ashamd to rturn? Why so slow ar th stps of his chariot?' 29 Dborah Hr wis ladis answ hr; Nay, sh rturnd answr to hrslf: 30 Barak Dborah 'Hav thy not found, dividd th spoil; Embroidry, doubl mbroidry for th captains' hads! A priz of divrs colours for Sisra!' 'A priz of divrs colours of mbroidry; A colou pic of doubl mbroidry for MY NECK, a priz!' 31 Both So prish all thin nmis, O Jhovah! Grand Chorus, by th whol procssion. AND LET THOSE WHO LOVE HIM BE AS THE SUN GOING FORTH IN HIS MIGHT. Dr. Knnicott s vrsion dos mak a grat dal of sns. It is quit rasonabl for Dborah to spak of th ladrs of Isral answring God s call (which includd Barak); and thn for th popl in gnral to rspond to God s calling, somthing which Barak would hav obsrvd mor closly. Takn from I did som rarranging hr to mak it asir to follow. Rturn to Chaptr Outlin Rturn to Charts, Maps and Short Doctrins I will subdivid th nxt sction, rathr than brak it down into sparat sctions for two rasons: (1) W bgin with th tribs who did participat, spnd tim with th tribs that did not participat, and thn spak of th two tribs who gav th most. (2) This subdivision occurs in th midst of v. 15, which is on of th poorst vrs divisions in Scriptur. Th thr subdivisions ar: Th Tribs who Participatd, Th Tribs Who Did Not Participat, Th Tru Hros of this Tim. Th Tribs Which Participatd in Battl and th Tribs Which Did Not Th Tribs who Participatd

72 Judgs Chaptr Thn cam down a rmnant to nobl ons, popl of Y howah cam down to m against th mighty ons. Judgs 5:13 Thn th rmnant cam down to th nobl ons, th popl of Y howah cam down to m against th mighty ons. Thn thos of Isral who still rmaind cam down to hlp thir brothrs; th popl of God cam down to m to fight against th Canaanit soldirs. W will nd to xamin som translations in this vrs: Ancint txts: Latin Vulgat Masortic Txt Pshitta Sptuagint Significant diffrncs: Th rmnants of th popl ar savd, th Lo has fought among th valiant ons. Thn cam down a rmnant to nobl ons, popl of Y howah cam down to m against th mighty ons. Thn th dlivrr wnt down to sing prais bfor th LORD; you hav givn m victory by th hand of a man out of Ephraim. Thn wnt down th rmnant to th strong, th popl of th Lo wnt down for him among th mighty ons from m. Th strong (as found in th Grk) is anothr intrprtation of th Hbrw wo I rnd nobl ons. Thought-for-thought translations; paraphrass: Th primary diffrnc btwn th Grk and Hbrw txts is, th Hbrw rads that th popl of Jhovah cam down to m (i.., to Dborah), and th Grk rads that thy cam down to him (i.., to Barak or to God?). Th final diffrnc is th wo against and among; th sam Hbrw wo, th bêyth prposition, can b rnd in ithr way. In thr wos, thr is only on significant diffrnc btwn th Grk and Hbrw txts. On th othr hand, it is particularly disconcrting just how diffrnt th Latin and Syriac txts ar from ach othr and from th Grk and Hbrw. It dos not vn appar to b th sam vrs. Bar in mind that, thr sms to b a grat dal of corruption with this portion of Judgs 5. CEV NLT REB Th LORD's popl who wr lft joind with thir ladrs and fought at my sid. Down from Tabor marchd th rmnant against th mighty. Th popl of th LORD marchd down against th mighty warrriors. Thn down marchd th column and its chiftains, th popl of th LORD marching down lik warriors. [th probabl rading is column...marching down; it is survivor...adds to m in th Hbrw]. Mostly litral rndrings (with som occasional paraphrasing): God s Wo HCSB JPS (Tanakh) Thn thos mighty mn who wr lft cam down. Th LORD'S popl wnt into battl for m against th mighty soldirs. Th survivors cam down to th nobls; th LORD's popl cam down to m with th warriors. Thn was th rmnant mad victor ovr th mighty,

73 Th Book of th Judgs 777 Litral, almost wo-for-wo, rndrings: Th LORD s popl won my victory ovr th warriors. Th Emphasizd Bibl NASB ESV LTHB MKJV WEB Young's Litral Translation Thn cam down a rmnant to th nobls a popl Yahwh cam down with m against th mighty, Thn survivors cam down to th nobls; Th popl of th LORD cam down to m as warriors. Thn down marchd th rmnant of th nobl; th popl of th LORD marchd down for m against th mighty. Thn H causd m to trad on th rmnant of th nobl ons of th popl; Jhovah trod for m among th warriors. Thn H mad m trad on th rmnant of th nobls among th popl. Jhovah mad m hav dominion ovr th mighty. Notic that both th MKJV and th Litral Translation of th Holy Bibl hav italicizd wos; that mans, ths wos ar not found in th original. Thn a rmnant of th nobls and th popl cam down. Yahwh cam down for m against th mighty. Thn him who is lft of th honourabl ons H causd to rul th popl of Jhovah, H causd m to rul among th mighty. You will notic svral significant diffrncs btwn th translations. Th first primary diffrnc is that, in Th Emphasizd Bibl, it is Jhovah Who coms down with Dborah against th Canaanits; howvr, in th NASB and Sptuagint, it is th popl of Jhovah who march down to (or, with) Dborah. What is th gist of this vrs? Crtain mn of Isral (th rmnant) cam down to complt this war against th Canaanits. Judgs 5:13a Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs âz (æ àè ) [pronouncd awz] thn, at that tim, in that cas (whn following an if or though), now, as things ar; that bing so advrb Strong s #227 BDB #23 yârad (ã øç éè) [pronouncd yaw-rahd] to dscnd, to go down 3 prson masculin singular, Qal prfct Strong s #3381 BDB #432 Th actual vrb that w find hr is yârar (øø - È é) [pronouncd yaw-rahr], which occurs hr and only hr, and its maning can only b gussd at (.g., to participat). I hav givn what I bliv to b th corrct vrb abov (which is th vrb most translators s as bing hr). Howvr, thr is a thi possibl vrb which this could b. It is possibl that th vrb hr is... râdâh (äã ÈøÈ ) [pronouncd raw-daw] to trad with th ft; to rul, to hav dominion ovr, to subdu; to tak possssion of 3 prson masculin singular, Qal imprfct Strong s #7287 BDB #921 Th imprfct will drop th hê (ä) and throw in a yohd ( é) at th bginning of th wo. I includ this possibility to hlp to xplain th diffrnc btwn th various translations. Th problm with this vrb is, w would not xpct th lâmd prposition to go with it. It oftn will b followd by th bêyth prposition. Givn that this translation works fin and maks prfct sns without assuming a minor copyist rror hr; and givn that w do not find a bêyth prposition hr, I would conclud that this altrnat hypothtical rading is incorrct.

74 Judgs Chaptr Judgs 5:13a Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs On must b carful, whn prsntd with an altrnat hypothtical rading, not to grab onto it with both hands and mbrac it as th propr rading. Onc and awhil, such an hypothtical rading maks prfct sns; at othr tims, as in this vrs, it obfuscats th maning of th vrs (not that th MKJV and th LTHB both ndd to add in additional txt in or for this vrb to mak sns). To sum up, thr is a 3-fold problm with this altrnat vrb: (1) w hav a lâmd prposition rathr than a bêyth prposition, as would b th car with yârad but not with râdâh; (2) additional txt must b addd in or for râdâh to mak sns; and (3) thos who assum that râdâh is th corrct vrb hr find that thy must rndr this vrb in th Hiphil form in or for this vrs to mak sns. sârîyd (ãé ø È ò ) [pronouncd saw-reed] survivor, rmnant, th on rmaining, thos who ar lft masculin singular noun Strong s #8300 BDB #975 lâmd (ì) (pronouncd l ) to, for, towas, in rgas to, with rfrnc to, as to, with rgas to; blonging to; by dirctional/rlational prposition No Strong s # BDB #510 addiyr (øé ò àç ) [pronouncd ahd-deer] majstic, powrful, magnificnt, glorious masculin plural adjctiv with th dfinit articl Strong s #117 BDB #12 That s th short vrsion. Accoing to Gsnius, this mans larg, vry grat, mighty (Psalm 93:4 Isa. 33:21); powrful whn usd of kings and kingdoms (1Sam. 4:8 Psalm 136:18 Ezk. 32:18); princ, ladr, chif, nobl (whn usd as a substantiv); magnificnt, illustrious, glorious (Psalm 8:2); and, nobl (whn applid in a moral sns, as in Psalm 16:3). Translation: Thn th rmnant cam down to th nobl ons,... You may hav notd a significant diffrnc btwn som of th mor litral translations. This is xplaind abov in th xgsis of th Hbrw txt. Thr is an altrnat vrb which may hav bn mant hr, but that hypothtical rading nds up causing mor problms than it solvs. Th two diffrnt radings would b: Thn cam down a rmnant, to nobl ons; or, Thn H causd to rul a rmnant, to nobl ons. Th lattr rading is rjctd bcaus, in or for it to mak sns, w must translat it as a causal (Hiphil) vrb, and it is not found that way hr; w hav to add in additional vrbiag in or for it to mak sns; and it is followd by th wrong prposition. In making our choic, contxt would indicat that to com down is th most likly translation. Th othr possibility is that this is an actual wo (yârar), which occurs only hr in Scriptur, and that it mans somthing lik to participat. Again, th accptd rading sms to mak th most sns, and I hav probably spnt far too much tim hr xploring th othr options. Th two tribs which wnt up with Barak wr Zbulun and Issachar. Thr wr rmaining tribs (th rmnant) in th Land of Promis, who will b spcifically namd in this contxt. Thos rmaining tribs ar xamind hr, and thy ar said to com down to th nobl ons (thos who bgan this war against th Canaanits; Zbulun and Issachar).

75 Th Book of th Judgs 779 Judgs 5:13b Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs am (í òç ) [pronouncd ìahm] popl; rac, trib; family, rlativs; citizns, common popl; companions, srvants; ntir human rac; h [of animals] masculin singular construct Strong s #5971 BDB #766 YHWH (äåäé) [pronunciation is possibly yhoh-wah] translitratd variously as Jhovah, Yahwh, Y howah propr noun Strong s #3068 BDB #217 yârad (ã øç éè) [pronouncd yaw-rahd] to dscnd, to go down 3 prson masculin plural, Qal prfct Strong s #3381 BDB #432 It is possibl that th vrb hr is... râdâh (äã ÈøÈ ) [pronouncd raw-daw] to trad with th ft; to rul, to hav dominion ovr, to subdu; to tak possssion of 3 prson masculin singular, Qal imprfct Strong s #7287 BDB #921 This was fully discussd abov in Judgs 5:13a. lâmd (ì) (pronouncd l ) to, for, towas, in rgas to, with rfrnc to, as to, with rgas to; blonging to; by dirctional/rlational prposition; with th 1 st prson singular suffix No Strong s # BDB #510 h b ( ) [pronouncd b ] Ó in, into, through; at, by, nar, on, upon; with, bfor, against; by mans of; among; within a prposition of proximity No Strong s # BDB #88 gibbôwr (ø )ò [pronouncd gib-boar] strong man, mighty man, soldir, warrior, combatant, vtran masculin plural noun/adjctiv Strong s #1368 BDB #150 Th original wo would b proprly applid to on of rank or distinction; a man of powr powr drivd ithr from offic, from talnt, or from walth. It is a wo which is oftn applid to a hro or warrior: Isa. 3:2 43 Ezk. 39:20 2Sam. 17:10 Psalm 33:16 120:4 127:4 Danil 11:3 Gn. 6:4 Jr. 51:30. Translation:...th popl of Y howah cam down to m against th mighty ons. Th sam discussion which w find in th prvious portion of this vrs applid hr; thr is th sam difficulty with th vrb. Thr is th diffrnc that hr w do hav a bêyth prposition; howvr, that is not th cas with Judgs 5:13a. Nxt, w should xamin is th concpt of th construct in th Hbrw. Whn two nouns ar placd togthr, sidby-sid, th rsult is oftn what is known as th construct stat of th first noun. In English, to translat this, w gnrally add th wo of (although, somtims with or for ar also apropos). Although th scond noun may b prcdd by a dfinit articl, th first noun will nvr b prcdd by a dfinit articl. If th scond noun is prcdd by a dfinit articl, it is propr to, in th English, us a dfinit articl with th first noun as wll. Th construct stat also givs us a bttr undrstanding of adjctivs. W, in th English, plac our adjctivs bfor th noun that thy modify. In th Hbrw, th adjctivs follow th nouns that thy modify. What w actually hav is somthing akin to th ida of th construct stat. What might b translatd a strong man in th English, 43 Albrt Barns, Barns Nots on th Old Tstamnt; from -Swo, Psalm 52:1.

76 Judgs Chaptr is actually a man strong in th Hbrw. Howvr, it is bttr undrstood as a man of strngth, somthing lik th construct stat btwn two nouns. Now, othr than thr bing no dfinit articl prior to th first noun, somtims w do not hav any othr way of dtrmining that w hav a c o n s tr u ct stat; i.., thr is no suffix, vowl point or anything ls which clarly points us to th fact that it is a construct (in som cass, th nding of th noun dos tll us that it is a construct stat). Thrfor, somtims th construct is dtrmind by linguistic intrprtation that is, w ar prtty sur that it is, so thrfor w say it is. In this cas, what will follow is not God s hand in th battl against th Canaanits (which would mak sns if it wr Jhovah coming down with Dborah to battl ala Rothrham; but what will follow is a list of th tribs which participatd and which did not participat; thrfor, it is th popl of Jhovah who com down with Dborah. Th two vry diffrnt possibilitis for th vrbs givs us two vry diffrnt possibilitis for a translation: ithr, Thn cam down a rmnant to [or, blonging to] th nobl ons; popl of Y howah cam down to m against th mighty ons. Or, Thn H causd to rul a rmnant blonging to th nobl ons; a popl of Y howah H causd to rul to m against th mighty ons. Although I tnd to go with Young against th majority most of th tim, hr I will hav to go with th majority. Th ovrall vrs, particularly th last portion, maks mor sns that way. In th Hbrw xgsis, I hav givn mor gratr spac to this altrnativ rading. By way of intrprtation, th rmnant rfrs to th tribs of Isral who wr not yt involvd, but to b spcifically namd in th following vrss. Th nobl ons ar th blivrs in Isral alrady ngagd in war against th Canaanits. Th popl of Jhovah ar, obviously, Isral, and thy march down to fight against th Canaanits, who ar th mighty ons. W hav a paralllism hr, common to potry. A rmnant [of Isral] coms down to th nobl ons thos who hav bgun th war against th Canaanits; and th popl of God who ar quivalnt to th rmnant of Isral com down against th mighty ons [th Canaanits]. All th playrs ar namd blow, so that it might b asir to follow: Th Playrs Namd in Judgs 5:13 Scriptur Thn th rmnant cam down to th nobl ons, th popl of Y howah cam down to m against th mighty ons. Who is Who Th rmnant rfrs to thos who still rmain in Isral, but hav not participatd in th war. Th nobl ons ar Zbulun and Issachar who hav bgun thir war for indpndnc against th Canaanits. Th popl of Jhovah ar quivalnt to th rmnant abov; thos who did not voluntr originally to war against th Canaanits. This maks complt sns, as both subjcts ar associatd with th sam vrb. To m is a rfrnc to Dborah; ths troops rportd to hr, th prophtss, and sh put thm with Barak. Thy will war against th mighty ons, th Canaanits. A corrct translation coupld with a corrct intrprtation is a wondrful thing. Aftr corrctly translating and intrprting this, I now hav th plasur of going back to s what othrs hav don with this vrs, by way of xplanation. Rturn to Chaptr Outlin Rturn to Charts, Maps and Short Doctrins I consid putting up a chart to indicat th incorrct ways that this vrs has bn undrstood Clark, for instanc, calls Barak th rmnant. Othrs misintrprt this vrs bcaus thy accpt th wrong vrb hr.

77 Th Book of th Judgs 781 Lt m clos out this vrs with a quotation from th Psalms: It is God who xcuts judgmnt, putting down on and lifting up anothr (Psalm 75:7). It was th propr tim, and God liftd th Isralits ovr th Canaanits. Application: A frind of min onc pond, why do fundamntalist Christians sm to lin up politically with consrvativs; particularly, with patriotic consrvativs? Th Bibl supports th status quo in socity; th Bibl nvr ncourags rvolution, whthr national or prsonal (.g., a slav librating himslf from his mastr). With rgas to mn who must go to war, th Bibl trats soldirs with grat rspct and dfrnc. Our Lo, whn fac to fac with a Roman cnturion, did not ncourag this man to lay down his arms and follow Him in pac; Jsus rmarkd, instad, Nvr hav I found such a grat faith in Isral! Now, I hav sn a big chang in th consrvativ party in th Unitd Stats during my tnur on this arth; whn I was in my tns and arly 20's, thr was a dspicabl amount of anti-smitism which prvadd th consrvativ movmnt; which hlps to xplain th corruption and dishonsty which was oftn found in consrvativ officials. Sinc Jimmy cartr and Ronald Rgan, it is th consrvativs which hav bgun to ally thmslvs clarly with Isral and it is th librals who hav bgun to distanc thmslvs from Isral, and hav, to som dgr, takn up th sid of th Arabic popls and nations. Along with this, th consrvativ party has smd to hav dvlopd a conscinc and a prsonal intgrity, whras th librals ar th ons who rift with scandals and dishonsty, both prsonal and idological (I writ this in 2006). But, th primary rason I tak this asid is to not, th Bibl consistntly honors th soldir, th warrior, th man who is willing to lay his lif down for th fom of his popl (Communism, by th way, and radical Islam, ar antithtical to fom; so a soldir who is willing to di for ithr of ths causs is on who wants othrs to by tyrannizd). In cas you ar wondring, what is th connction btwn this vrs and that application; lt m point out th Dborah, in song, is clbrating hr th Israli soldirs who com down to continu th fight against th Canaanits. W hav a numbr of patriotic songs which rcall thos who hav fought and did for our fom in th Unitd Stats.g., th Star Spangld Bannr w must hold onto ths songs as wll as to thir maning. From Ephraim thir root in Amalk [or, From Ephraim thy cam down into th v all y]; aftr you Bnjamin with your popls; from Machir marchd down lawgivrs and from Zbulun thos drawing out in a rod [or, staff] of a scrib or, writr. Judgs 5:14 From Ephraim [thy cam down] into th v all y; aftr you, Bnjamin, with your popl. From Machir, th lawgivrs marchd down; and from Zbulun, thos marching with a trib of scribs [or, with a gnral s staff]. Thy cam down into th vally from Ephraim; and Bnjamin thn followd you down. Th lawgivrs marchd out from Machir and th scribs cam down from Zbulun. You nd to brac yourslf, as this will b a rathr difficult vrs. W will dfinitly nd to look at othr translations: Ancint txts: Latin Vulgat Masortic Txt Pshitta Out of Ephraim h dstroyd thm into Amalc, and aftr him out of Bnjamin into your popl, O Amalc. Out of Machir thr cam down princs, and out of Zabulon thy that ld th army to fight. From Ephraim thir root in Amalk [or, From Ephraim thy cam down into th vally]; aftr you Bnjamin with your popls; from Machir marchd down lawgivrs and from Zbulun thos drawing out in a rod [or, staff] of a scrib or, writr. And Barak s works ar known in Amalk; aftr you marchd Bnjamin with affction for you; out of Machir cam forth a sr,

78 Judgs Chaptr Sptuagint Significant diffrncs: and out of Zbulun thos who writ with th pn of a scrib. Ephraim rootd thm out in Amalk, bhind you was Bnjamin among your popl; th inhabitants of Machir cam down with m sarching out th nmy; and from Zabulon cam thy that draw with th scrib s pn of rco. Again, w hav vry littl agrmnt. Part of th problm is possibly intrprting th Hbrw, which can account for som diffrncs. In th first lin, th MT is unclar; thrfor, w hav first lins in th Latin and Syriac which barly hav anything in common with th Hbrw (or Grk). Th Latin adds Amalk to th scond lin and has th phras into your popl, which is actually a rasonabl translation of th Hbrw phras (so is th Grk translation, among your popl). Whn it coms to who coms down from Machir, th Latin and Hbrw ar somwhat similar (princs; lawgivrs); but th Syriac has a sr and th Grk has th inhabitants of Machir coming down with m sarching out th nmy. Prviously, th LXX lft out th littl phras to m, but thy add in with m hr; and offr an ntirly diffrnt scnario. T h final lin, which on th surfac appars to b th most obscur, is ssntially ag upon with th xcption of th Latin). Oftn, potry is b xtrmly dmanding. Whn it coms to th translations blow, you will not that in som of th paraphrass, thr is a littl similarity btwn th Masortic txt and thir translation; and, as w mov into th mor accurat rndrings, th translations tnd to lin up with th MT. Thought-for-thought translations; paraphrass: CEV Th Mssag NJB NLT Troops cam from Ephraim, whr Amalkits onc livd. Othrs cam from Bnjamin; officrs and ladrs cam from Machir and Zbulun. Th captains from Ephraim cam to th vally, bhind you, Bnjamin, with your troops. Captains marchd down from Makir, from Zbulun high-ranking ladrs cam down. Th princs of Ephraim ar in th vally; bhind you, Bnjamin is in your ranks, captains hav com down from Machir, thos who wild th commandr s staff, from Zbulun. Thy cam down from Ephraim a land that onc blongd to th Amalkits, and Bnjamin also followd you. From Makir th commandrs marchd down; from Zbulun cam thos who carry th rod of authority. Mostly litral rndrings (with som occasional paraphrasing): God s Wo HCSB JPS (Tanakh) Thos who had sttld in Amalk's country cam down from Ephraim. Bnjamin cam with its troops aftr Ephraim. Commandrs from Machir wnt into battl. Th officrs from Zbulun also wnt. Thos with thir roots in Amalk cam from Ephraim; Bnjamin cam with your popl aftr you. Th ladrs cam down from Machir, and thos who carry a marshal's staff cam from Zbulun. From Ephraim cam thy whos roots ar in Malk; Aftr you, your kin Bnjamin;

79 Th Book of th Judgs 783 Litral, almost wo-for-wo, rndrings: From Marchr cam down ladrs, From Zbulun such as hold th marshal s staff. Albrt Barns (rvisd) Barns (with commntary) Updatd Emphasizd Bibl NASB NRSV Own's Translation Young s Updatd LT Of Ephraim cam down thos whos root is in Mount Amalk; aftr you cam Bnjamin among your popl; of Machir thr cam down th chifs, and of Zbulun, thy that handl th staff of th officr. Of Ephraim (Dborah s own trib) cam down thos whos root is in Mount Amalk (Judgs 12:15); aftr you (O Ephraim) cam Bnjamin among your popl; of Machir (th wst Joanic milis of Manassh; s Joshua 17:1 6) thr cam down th chifs, and of Zbulon thy that handl th staff of th officr. Out of Ephraim cam down thy whos root was in Amalk, Aftr you Bnjamin, among your tribs, Out of Machir had com down govrnors, And out of Zbulun such as bar aloft th staff of th marshal;... From Ephraim thos whos root is in Amalk cam down, Following you, Bnjamin, with your popls; From Machir commandrs cam down, And from Zbulun thos who wild th staff of offic. From Ephraim thy st out into th vally, following you Bnjamin, with your kin; from Machir marchd down th commandrs, and from Zbulun thos who bar th marshal s staff; From Ephraim thir root in Amalk; following you, Bnjamin with your kinsmn; from Machir, marchd down th commandrs; and from Zbulun thos who bar th marshal s staff. Out of Ephraim thir root is against Amalk. Aftr you, Bnjamin, among your popls. Out of Machir cam down lawgivrs, And out of Zbulun thos drawing with th of a writr. What is th gist of this vrs? Onc this war against th Canaanits was kickd off with a spctacular victory, othr tribs joind in th fight: Ephraim, Bnjamin, and thos in th Machir ara. Apparntly, history rco kprs cam from Zbulun. Judgs 5:14a Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs minnîy (é.î)ò [pronouncd min-nee] from, off, away from, out from, out of, from off; on account of, sinc, abov, than, so that not, abov, byond, mor than, gratr than prposition of sparation Strong's #4480 BDB #577 Eph rayim (í éòøôà) - [pronouncd f-rahyim] to bar fruit, to b fruitful; translitratd Ephraim masculin propr noun; pausal form Strong s #669 BDB #68 shôrsh ( ø É ) [pronouncd SHOHrsh] root; figurativly: root (of popl involving firmnss or prmannc); root, bottom (as lowst stratum) masculin singular noun; with th 3 prson masculin plural suffix Strong s #8328 BDB #1057

80 Judgs Chaptr Judgs 5:14a Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs h b ( ) [pronouncd b ] Ó in, into, through; at, by, nar, on, upon; with, bfor, against; by mans of; among; within a prposition of proximity No Strong s # BDB #88 W oftn us th xprssion that is whr w put our roots down; w ar using th wo just as th Grks did. Amâlêq ( ì îè ò) - [pronouncd ìah-maw- LAYK] translitratd Amalk masculin propr noun; usd infrquntly as an gntilic adjctiv Strong s #6002 BDB #766 Translation: From Ephraim [thy cam down] into th vally;... W bgin with Out from Ephraim and thn w run into troubl. Bcaus this passag sms to indicat that a myriad of tribs ar coming down, Th Emphasizd Bibl and th NASB both add in th vrb cam down. Thn w hav th masculin singular noun shôrsh ( ø É ) [pronouncd SHOH-rsh], and it mans root. Howvr, you r looking at th NJB (Th princs of Ephraim ar in th vally) and th NRSV (From Ephraim thy st out into th vally) and you wondr, whr th hck did thy gt that? Aftr all, if thr was a diffrnc in th Grk which mad th vrs mak mor sns, thn Rothrham, who translatd Th Emphasizd Bibl, would hav mad that chang. What w hav is a phras that dosn t mak a lot of sns, indicating that th txt possibly suff inaccuracis in transmission and that w hav no othr vrsions which giv us a clu as to what should actually b thr. Thrfor, svral scholars hav suggstd that this b th corrct rading, that Ephraim gath in th vally (Amalk = Amâlêq ( ì îè ò) [pronouncd ìah-mawî ò ) [pronouncd ÌEH-mk]). Th REB suggsts that thy rallid in th vally. That - LAYK]; vally = mq ( crtainly dos mak a lot mor sns, as Amalk dos not appar to b involvd hr at all and xactly what it mans from Ephraim s root to b in or against Amalk is also somwhat confusing. In gnral, th Amalkits ar locatd south-southwst of Judah; howvr, back in Judgs 3:13, thy had movd up to tak Jricho, which was at th bor of Ephraim and Bnjamin. If w go with th woing of th Hbrw, thn that would indicat that thr had bn a lot of intrmarriag btwn Ephraim and Amalk, which is possibl. W could also undrstand this to man that th Amalkits had an stablishd substantial foothold in Ephraim and that Ephraim had takn firm root in thir trritory. That thy livd in th ara of Ephraim is confirmd by Judgs 12:15: Thn Abdon bn Hilll th Pirathonit did and was burid at Pirathon in th land of Ephraim, in th hill country of 44 th Amalkits. In any cas, whthr Ephraim was intrmixd with th Amalkits or not; whthr th Ephraimits conqu a land prviously dominatd by th sons of Amalk, still, this trib cam down to hlp in th war against th Canaanits. Lt s summariz th problms of this lin: A List of Problms with th First Phras of Judgs 5:14 1. Th first problm is th ancint rndrings; thy disagr considrably hr: a. Th Hbrw rads: From Ephraim thir root in Amalk [or, From Ephraim thy cam down into th vally]. Th problm hr is, Amalk dos not qual vally, although th wos ar similar (Amalk has an additional lâmd in it). b. Th Grk rads: Ephraim rootd thm out in Amalk...; which is th closst to th Hbrw of th ancint txts (usually, th Latin, Syriac and Hbrw agr whn th Grk is diffrnt). c. Th Latin txt rads: Out of Ephraim h dstroyd thm into Amalc...; which is fin, xcpt that, it dosn t rally mak sns and dos not match with th Hbrw txt. d. Th Syriac txt rads: And Barak s works ar known in Amalk; to which w commnt, huh? W 44 W cov th Doctrin of th Amalkits back in Num. 24:20.

81 Th Book of th Judgs 785 A List of Problms with th First Phras of Judgs 5:14 do not hav a clu as to whr th translators of th Pshitta got this translation, which has xactly on wo in common with th prvious txts. 2. Thn w hav problms with th Hbrw txt itslf, which probably is th rason why th othr ancint txts ar so diffrnt at this point (i.., thy trid to mak sns of th Hbrw, and possibly just gav up and mad up what thy think should b hr). First, w hav From Ephraim, thir root; Now, w do undrstand that som troops probably cam out of Ephraim; but who dos thir rfr to? To Ephraim? To thos from th prvious vrs? And what dos it man for thm to hav a root? 3. Th final problm is, thir root is in Amalk, which is rathr confusing, as Amalk, an vil, anti-smtic population, is not gnrally found in this ara (thy ar associatd with southrn Judah); and w hav no ida what Ephraim has to do with Amalk. In stating ths problms with th txt and th intrprtation of th txt, do not think that I bliv that I will figur it out or xplain it. My intntion is to st this up, look at what othrs say, and, if it is possibl, draw a conclusion; if not, thn I throw up my arms and say, you v got m; I don t know what it mans ithr. Givn th radical diffrncs of th ancint txts, my go will probably surviv this. Rturn to Chaptr Outlin Rturn to Charts, Maps and Short Doctrins Without vn rading any commntaris, I am assuming that thr must b a varity of intrprtations of this phras, so I will includ thos hr: Various Commntators Explain Judgs 5:14a Barns Exgt Explanation Barns givs a simpl, rasonabl xplanation hr: Rndr Of Ephraim (Dborah s own trib) cam down thos whos root is in Mount Amalk (Judgs 12:15 Abdon th son of Hilll th Pirathonit did, and was burid in Pirathon in th land of Ephraim, in th 45 hill-country of th Amalkits). In othr wos, th Amalkits wr associatd with th hill country of Ephraim, and th Ephraimits had, prior to this, bn mor or lss tuckd away in thir hill country during th first offnsiv of Isral. Clark Dborah probably mans that out of Ephraim and Bnjamin cam minnt warriors Albrt Barns, Barns Nots on th Old Tstamnt; from -Swo, Judgs 5: Adam Clark, Commntary on th Bibl; from -Swo, Judgs 5:14.

82 Judgs Chaptr Various Commntators Explain Judgs 5:14a Exgt Explanation Gill In this and som following vrss, Dborah maks mntion of th tribs that wr siding and assisting in this war, and of thos that wr not; and bgins with Ephraim, whr sh hrslf dwlt (Judgs 4:5) who was th root, foundation, and sourc of this xpdition, that undr a divin influnc dirctd, animatd, and ncouragd to it; and by whom, and from whnc, a dtachmnt was snt against th Amalkits, who upon all occasions wr rady to assist th Canaanits, and now wr about to do it; and to prvnt thir junction, a party was snt from Ephraim, and by th Ephraimits; though th Targum, and th Jwish commntators in gnral, rfr this to a past action, which Dborah hr commmorats and clbrats; and undrstand by "root", Joshua, who was of that trib, and who discomfitd Amalk and his popl with th dg of th swo (Ex. 17:13). 47 Gill also adds that Bnjamin, mntiond in th nxt portion of this vrs, will go out 48 against Amalk to prvnt thm from assisting Jabin, king of Canaan. If Amalk somhow blongs with Bnjamin in this song, ths lins los thir balanc, and fitting thm togthr in such a way to mak any sns is difficult, if not impossibl. Essntially, w would hav Amalk following you, which maks littl sns, as opposd to Bnjamin following Ephraim, which maks mor sns. Ephraim is hr said to act against Amalk (Judgs 5:14), probably intrcpting and cutting off som forcs of th Amalkits that wr upon thir march to join Sisra. Amalk had hlpd Moab to opprss Isral (Judgs 3:13) and now had hlpd Jabin; thy wr invtrat nmis to God's popl thir hand had always bn against th thron of th Lo (Ex. 17:16); and thrfor thy wr th mor dangrous. 49 Hnry Matthw Hnry latr rvisits this portion of v. 14, writing: Out of Ephraim was thr a root: and lif in th root, against Amalk. Thr was in Ephraim a mountain calld th mount of Amalk, mntiond (Judgs 12:15) which, som think, is hr mant, and som rad it, thr was a root in Amalk, that is, in that mountain, a strong rsolution in th minds of that popl to mak had against th opprssors, which was th root of th mattr. 50 This did not mak much sns to m ithr. Thn Hnry adds: Ephraim was a at a distanc from th plac of action, and thrfor could not snd forth many of its boughs to th srvic; but Dborah, who was on of thm, knw thr was a root of thm, that thy wr harty wll-wishrs to th caus. Dr. Lightfoot givs quit anothr sns of this. Joshua, of Ephraim, had bn a root of such victoris against Amalk (Ex. 17), and Ehud of Bnjamin latly against Amalk and 51 Moab. It sounds to m as though Hnry struggld with this vrs as much as I hav. 47 Dr. John Gill, John Gill s Exposition of th Entir Bibl; from -Swo, Judgs 5: Ibid. 49 Matthw Hnry, Commntary on th Whol Bibl; from -Swo, Judgs 5: Ibid. 51 Ibid.

83 Th Book of th Judgs 787 Various Commntators Explain Judgs 5:14a Exgt Kil and Dlitzsch Wsly Explanation From Ephraim thr cam fighting mn; not th wh o l trib, but only nobls or brav mn, and indd thos whos roots wr in Amalk, i.., thos who wr rootd or had takn root, i.., had sttld and sprad thmslvs out upon th trib trritory of Ephraim, which had formrly bn inhabitd by Amalkits, th mount of th Amalkits, mntiond in Judgs 12:15 (for th figur itslf, s Isa. 27:6 Psalm 80:10 Job. 5:3). 52 By root Dborah sms to man a branch, as that wo is somtims usd. By which also sh may not th fwnss of thos that cam out of Ephraim, yilding but on branch or an handful of mn to this srvic. Amalk Th constant nmy of th Isralits, who wr confdrat with thir last opprssors th Moabits (Judgs 3:13) and in all probability took thir advantag now against th Isralits in th southrn or middl parts of Canaan, whil thir main forc was drawn northwa against Jabin and Sisra. Against ths thrfor Ephraim snt forth a party, and so did Bnjamin. 53 I must admit, if I wr taching this vrs liv, I would b vry tmptd to giv Barns summary statmnt, and mov right along to th nxt vrs. Rturn to Chaptr Outlin Rturn to Charts, Maps and Short Doctrins Judgs 5:14b Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs achar (ø çç àç ) [pronouncd ah-khahr] aftr, following, bhind prposition with th 2 nd prson masculin singular suffix Strong s #310 BDB #29 Bin yâmîyn (ïéî. È éð ò ) [pronouncd bin-yaw- MEEN] translitratd Bnjamin, it mans son of [my] right hand masculin propr noun Strong s #1144 BDB #122 h b ( ) [pronouncd b ] Ó in, into, through; at, by, nar, on, upon; with, bfor, against; by mans of; among; within a prposition of proximity No Strong s # BDB #88 am (í òç ) [pronouncd ìahm] popl; rac, trib; family, rlativs; citizns, common popl; companions, srvants; ntir human rac; h [of animals] masculin singular noun nd with th 2 prson masculin singular suffix Strong s #5971 BDB #766 Translation:...aftr you, Bnjamin, with your popl. Th scond lin bgins with aftr you; in or for th lins to b of a roughly similar lngth, w would plac this hr. This is followd by Bnjamin (possibly usd hr as a vocativ?). Thn w hav th phras in your popls, among your popls or with your popls (it is th bêyth prposition). So far, this givs us:...following you, Bnjamin among your popl. 52 Kil and Dlitzsch, Commntary on th Old Tstamnt; from -Swo; Judgs 5: John Wsly; Explanatory Nots on th Whol Bibl; courtsy of -swo, Judgs 5:14.

84 Judgs Chaptr nd Th first problm hr is to undrstand who is bing addrssd hr; to whom dos th 2 prson masculin nd singular suffix rfr? Dborah spaks of th Lo in th 3 prson singular in v. 3, but in th 2 prson singular in v. 4, and thn back to th 3 prson aftr that. Thr ar two othr mor rasonabl substantivs to whom this rfrs: to Ephraim or to Barak. You may automatically gravitat to th first suggstion, which dos mak sns. Th fighting is north of Ephraim and Bnjamin; Bnjamin snds in a small army which movs through Ephraim and follows aftr thm. In moving north, Ephraim would go first, Bnjamin scond. I hav no ral problm with this 54 intrprtation, as w hav Dborah changing prson constantly whn rfrring to othrs. Anothr intrprtation would b: Dborah is addrssing Barak hr, which is in lin with v. 12, whr Barak is nd spokn to with a 2 prson masculin singular imprativ ( Aris, Barak, and tak captivity captiv). Following aftr Barak, who is point on this assault, is Bnjamin, found among or with th popl of Barak (his army). Eithr intrprtation givs us ssntially th sam thing. Judgs 5:14c Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs minnîy (é.î)ò [pronouncd min-nee] from, off, away from, out from, out of, from off; on account of, sinc, abov, than, so that not, abov, byond, mor than, gratr than prposition of sparation Strong's #4480 BDB #577 Mâkîyr (øé ë. îè ) [pronouncd maw- KEER] sold; salsman; translitratd Machir; usd potically of Manassh masculin singular, propr noun Strong s #4353 BDB #569 yârad (ã øç éè) [pronouncd yaw-rahd] to dscnd, to go down 3 prson plural, Qal prfct Strong s #3381 BDB #432 châqaq ( Ç çè ) [pronouncd khaw-kak] lawgivr, lawmak r; ladr, govrnor; scrib [ngravr]; a scptr masculin plural, Pol participl Strong's #2710 BDB #349 Translation: From Machir, th lawgivrs marchd down;... Thn w hav from Machir, marchd down th commandrs. Machir was th son of Manassh who occupid th land ast of th Joan (Dut. 3:15 55 Joshua 13: :1). Th on who is marching down is th masculin plural, Pol participl of châqaq ( Ç çè ) [pronouncd khaw-kak], which mans to cut in, to dcr, to inscrib. In th participl, w can tak it to man, strictly spaking, lawmakr, lawgivr; and mor gnrally, ladr (w wnt into gratr dtail about this wo in v. 9). What this would indicat is that Jabin and Sisra did not hav a foothold ast of th Joan and that th lgislativ ladrs in that portion of Isral still hav somwhat of a normal function. You may ask, what ar lawgivrs and scribs marching down to battl for? Th ida is, ths ar normal citiznsoldirs; ths ar mn whos primary function in lif is not that of a soldir, but ths ar th ons who mak laws or rco laws and history; howvr, vn thy cam down to mak war against th Canaanits. 54 Kil and Dlitzsch giv ssntially th sam xplanation in Kil and Dlitzsch, Commntary on th Old Tstamnt; from - Swo; Judgs 5: Th NIV Study Bibl has thm living on both sids of th Joan, citing Judgs 5:17 and Joshua 17:5 as proof. Thy r wrong.

85 Th Book of th Judgs 789 John Wsly givs ssntially th sam opinion: [Ths ar] ithr civil govrnors, princs and grat prsons, who wr as rady to haza thmslvs, as...military officrs, valiant and xprt commandrs. Such as som of Machir's postrity ar notd to hav bn. 56 I hav lookd all ovr th intrnt to find a spch givn by Gnral Douglas MacArthur at th ddication of MacArthur Park (January 26, 1955), about citizn soldirs. Douglas MacArthur on Citizn-Soldirs "Thy wnt on, and on, and on, whn vrything within thm smd to stop and di. Thy grw old in youth. Thy burnd out in saring minuts all that lif owd thm of tranquil yars. Whn I think of thir patinc undr advrsity, of thir courag undr fir, and of thir modsty in victory, I am filld with an motion of admiration I cannot xprss. Many of thm trod th tragic path of unknown fam that ld to a stark whit cross abov a lonly grav. And from thir tortu, dying lips, with th dradful gurgl of th dath rattl in thir throats, always cam th sam gasping prayr that w who wr lft would go on to victory. I do not know th dignity of thir birth, but I do know th glory of thir dath, and I am sur a mrciful God has takn thm unto Himslf." Thr is much mor to this spch, and, unfortunatly, I am unabl to find it. Rturn to Chaptr Outlin Rturn to Charts, Maps and Short Doctrins You may ask, Givn that Machir is th only son of Manassh, why isn t th nam Manassh usd hr? Kil and Dlitzsch suggst that only thos from wstrn Manassh join in th fight, and that thos who occupid trritory on th othr sid of th rivr (in Trans Joanian) 57 rmaind thr. Th ida is, by naming a son of Manassh, th implication is not all of Manassh participatd. Probably what it mans for ths mn to com down is, thy occupid primarily th mountainous rgion and hilly country which runs through Manassh (and continus down through Ephraim and Judah), so thy cam down to th battlfilds, which wr nar Issachar and Zbulun (adjacnt tribs to Manassh and to th north of wstrn Manassh). Thr is also th vagu possibility that this rfrs th East Manassh, which is actually northast of all th action. Thir coming down would b a movmnt from th north down to th south. I think that this is a lss likly possibility. Furthrmor, Dborah will latr stat that Gilad did not join in (v. 17), which ara sh mans that which is occupid by Gad and East Manassh. Sh dos not vn nam thos tribs by nam, but th prvious ownr of thir land. Northrn Isral Evn though I hav a map of Isral in my had, you may not. This will giv you a quick rfrnc as to whr, approximatly, ths tribs ar locatd with rfrnc to on anothr. Judgs 5:14d Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs w (or v ) (å) [pronouncd wh] and, vn, thn; namly; whn; sinc, that, so that; though simpl wâw conjunction No Strong s # BDB # John Wsly; Explanatory Nots on th Whol Bibl; courtsy of -swo, Judgs 5: Kil and Dlitzsch, Commntary on th Old Tstamnt; from -Swo; Judgs 5:14.

86 Judgs Chaptr Judgs 5:14d Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs min (ï îò ) [pronouncd min] from, off, out from, out of, away from, on account of, sinc, than, mor than prposition of sparation Strong's #4480 BDB #577 Z bûwlûn (ïìë á æ) [pronouncd z b-oo- LOON] xaltd, hono; translitratd Zbulun masculin singular propr noun Strong s #2074 BDB #259 mâshak ( Ç îè ) [pronouncd maw SHAHK ] thos drawing [dragging] out, ons who continu [with somthing]; thos marching [procding] to masculin plural, Qal activ participl Strong s #4900 BDB #604 This wo can man to draw up and lift out; to draw [a bow]; to procd, to march; to draw out a sound, to mak a continuous sound; to draw out, to prolong a condition, to continu; and to trail sd ( to draw out sd whil you ar sowing). h b ( ) [pronouncd b ] Ó in, into, through; at, by, nar, on, upon; with, bfor, against; by mans of; among; within a prposition of proximity No Strong s # BDB #88 shêbþ (è á Å ) B [pronouncd SHAY -vt] rod, staff, club, scptr and figurativly for a trib, subdivision of a trib or family masculin singular construct Strong s #7626 BDB #986 çôphêr (øôå Éñ) [pronouncd soh-fair] numrator, scrtary, scrib; larnd man; miliary scrib; gnral masculin singular noun Strong s #5608 BDB #708 BDB lists this wo as a noun, and Th Englishman s Hbrw Concoanc of th Old Tstamnt lists it as a vrb (as dos my KJV+ in -swo). It is probably a participl of th vrb, which acts lik a noun. Translation:...and from Zbulun, thos marching with a trib of scribs [or, with a gnral s staff]. Thr ar apparntly mor who join in from th trib of Zbulun who mor or lss fit into th group of citizn-soldirs, and movd with th scribs thos listd abov. Anothr intrprtation is, Zbulun lads thm, as vtrans of a prvious battl or two. Zbulun functions as a lad in this war, guiding th othrs. It is also possibl that this mans thos who draw out th rod of a scrib. I m sur you ar wondring what th hal dos that man? Simpl: vn thos who gnrally hav a quit rsponsibility (.g. min, for instanc); thos with a quit profssion will b drawing out thir staff or club as a wapon. Thy don t hav much to fight with, but vn thy showd up with whatvr thy could find, to draw out against th nmis of Isral and th nmis of God. Or, it is also rasonabl that thy ar simply dscribd hr as thos who would normally draw out th pn of a scrib, but that thy join thir brothrs in battl; th concpt bing, ths mn ar citizn-soldirs. John Wsly: [Ths ar] th Scribs, who gav thmslvs to study and writing, whrby thy wr xmptd from military srvic; [thy] voluntarily nt into this srvic John Wsly; Explanatory Nots on th Whol Bibl; courtsy of -swo, Judgs 5:14.

87 Th Book of th Judgs 791 Barns is of a diffrnt opinion; h blivs that ths ar th mn who kp th rostr of th troops (rfrncing 2Kings 25:19). Ths mn ar in addition to th mn of Zbulun who had alrady ngagd in battl against Sisra. Matthw Hnry offrs a similar opinion: With mn of larning and ingnuity for scrtaris of war, and with such thy wr supplid out of Zbulun: thnc cam mn that handl th pn of th writr, clrks that issud out ors, wrot circular lttrs, drw commissions, must thir 59 mn, and kpt thir accounts. Hnry latr suggsts th position which I hav takn: I know it is gnrally undrstood of th forwanss vn of th scholars of this trib, who studid th law and xpoundd it, to tak up arms in this caus, though thy wr bttr skilld in books than in th art of war. So Sir Richa Blackmor paraphrass it: - Th scribs of Zbulun and larnd mn, To wild th swo, laid down th pn. 60 At on tim, critics disparagd th ida of writing during this tim (circa 1150 B.C.). Bcaus of th lack of vidnc and bcaus it did not fit with popular archological thoris, thr was a tim whn critics dismissd th ida that thr would b a rfrnc to writrs in this passag, as wll as in othrs (.g., Moss or Joshua writing down what thy wrot down). Th Amplifid Bibl quots from Lang s Commntary: Writing, and alphabtical writing at that, had bn practicd for som cnturis along th Syrian Coast...Quantitis of papyrus (th pith of th papyrus was usd for writing) wr xportd from Egypt to Phœnicia c B.C. Cp. Judgs 8:14 (condnsd from Th Nw Bibl Commntary ), Zbulun, formrly known only for his xprts with th ciphringpncil, had now bcom a popl couragous unto dath. 61 In trms of translation and spcific intrprtation, I fl as though I hav not don a good job with this vrs, dspit th amount of tim which I took with it. Howvr, th ovrall pictur is asy. W hav additional participation in th war against th Canaanits. Our participants, so far, ar from Ephraim, Bnjamin, East Manassh (Machir) and ithr mor mn from Zbulun or Zbulun lads th prsnt troops. Ths tribs bcam involvd aftr th dfat and dath of Sisra. Clark taks quit a diffrnt viw hr that Dborah is spaking of warriors and wars from th past: Ehud, who was of th trib of Bnjamin, slw Eglon, and dfatd th Moabits, th frinds and allis of th Ammonits and Amalkits. Machir, in th land of Gilad, producd minnt warriors; and Zbulun producd minnt statsmn, and mn of litratur. Probably Dborah spaks hr of th past wars, and not of any thing that was don on this occasion; for w know that no prsons from Gilad wr prsnt in th war btwn Jabin and Isral. 62 It is possibl that I hav mad too much of this vrs, Barns sms to dispns with it and its intricacis quit natly: Of Ephraim (Dborah s own trib) cam down thos whos root is in Mount Amalk (Judgs 12:15); aftr you (O Ephraim) cam Bnjamin among your popl; of Machir (th wst Joanic milis of Manassh; s Joshua 17:1 6) thr cam down th chifs, and of Zbulon thy that handl th staff of th officr (th military scrib, whos duty it was, lik that of th Roman 63 tribuns, to kp th mustr roll, and suprintnd th rcruiting of th army s 2Kings 25:19) Jamison, Fausst and Brown giv an qually brif xplanation: Thn follows a ulogistic numration of th tribs which raisd th commandd lvy, or volunt thir srvics th soldirs of Ephraim 59 Matthw Hnry, Commntary on th Whol Bibl; from -Swo, Judgs 5: Ibid. 61 Th Amplifid Bibl, Th Lockman Foundation; 1965 by Zondrvan Publis hing Hous; p. 294, which quotd from Lang s Commntary. 62 Adam Clark, Commntary on th Bibl; from -Swo, Judgs 5: Albrt Barns, Barns Nots on th Old Tstamnt; from -Swo, Judgs 5:14.

88 Judgs Chaptr who dwlt nar th mount of th Amalkits, th small quota of Bnjamin; "th govrnors," valiant ladrs "out of Machir," th wstrn Manassh; out of Zbulun. 64 Lt m xplain my approach: I attmpt to xplor vry rasonabl and smi-rasonabl opinion whn it coms to th commntary on a vrs; my intntion is, that this should b a on-stop commntary on th fw books I am abl to provid an xtnsiv commntary on (as I writ this, I xpct this to b at last Judgs, Samul, and a fw of th psalms as wll as a fw chaptrs of 1Chronicls although I would lov to do mor). If you ar a tachr, and it taks you 30 minuts to plow through my txt of this vrs, bar in mind that it is th rsult of svral hours study from m. Your prsntation of sam might b a quick 25 scond xplanation, along th lins of Barns or Jamison, t. al. And my princs of Issachar with Dborah; and Issachar, so [h was with] Barak. In th vally, h was snt forth at his ft. In divisions of Rubn, mighty [prsonal] dcrs of hart. Judgs 5:15 And my princs of Issachar [wr] with Dborah; and Issachar, so [h was with] Barak. In th vally, h [Issachar] was snt forth at his [Barak s] ft. Among divisions of Rubn, grat [prsonal] dcrs of th hart. Th princs of Issachar rmaind with Dborah, whil th trib of Issachar rmaind with Barak. In th vally, Issachar was snt out bhind Barak. Howvr, in th trib of Rubn, thy could not dcid whthr or not to participat. Hr is how othrs hav translatd this vrs: Ancint txts: Latin Vulgat Masortic Txt Pshitta Sptuagint Significant diffrncs: Th captains of Issachar wr with Dbbora, and followd th stps of Barac, who xposd himslf to dangr, as on going hadlong, and into a pit. Rubn bing dividd against himslf, thr was found a strif of couragous mn. And my princs of Issachar with Dborah; and Issachar, so [h was with] Barak. In th vally, h was snt forth at his ft. In divisions of Rubn, mighty [prsonal] dcrs of hart. And th princs of Issachar wr with Dborah; vn Issachar is lik Barak among th popls; H was snt on foot to a portion of Rubn; grat ar thos who giv oracls to comfort th hart. And princs in Issachar wr with Dbborn and Barak, thus sh snt Barak on his ft in th vallys [Alxandrian LXX: Barak also snt forth his footmn into th vally] into th portions of Rubn; grat rachings to th hart. Again, thr ar almost too many diffrncs to nam. Th first lins ar almost idntical in all 4 ancints txts. Th scond lin has Issachar mntiond again by th Hbrw and Syriac. I hav continud th thought of th first lin into th scond, insrting h was with. Th Latin has roughly th sam maning, but th Syriac givs what I b liv is thir own intrprtation, insrting wos which ar not found in any of th othr txts. Th Grk simply lavs out th additional Issachar at this point. 64 Robrt Jamison, A. R. Fausst and David Brown; Commntary Critical and Explanatory on th Whol Bibl; from -swo, Judgs 5:11 14.

89 Th Book of th Judgs 793 Thought-for-thought translations; paraphrass: In th thi lin, th Masortic txt has, prsumably, Issachar bing snt into th vally bhind Barak. In th Grk, it is Dborah snding Barak into th vallys; in th Latin, thr is practically no rsmblanc at all, with a whol host of wos bing addd at this point (to b fair, w do not know what Hbrw manuscript thy usd; thirs could hav bn mbllishd). Finally, with rspct to Rubn, it sounds lik thr ar misgivings in this trib concrning this war, which sms to b roughly th sam maning as w find in th Grk. Th Latin convys this as wll, adding an additional phras, which obfuscats th txt (again, this may hav com from thir vrsion in th Hbrw). Finally, in th Syriac, it is Barak who gos to th trib of Rubn who appar to comfort him with oracls? This maks littl sns to m as wll. Bar in mind, with all of ths diffrncs which w find in th ancint txts in this passag, not on tim do w hav any particular doctrin in God s Wo assaultd. That is, thr appars littl ffort to chang any doctrins in God s Wo, but that th intnt is to xplain th potry which w find hr; and, as you hav sn, it is difficult to xplain. CEV NLT REB Th rulrs of Issachar cam along with Dborah, and Issachar followd Barak into th vally. But th trib of Rubn was no hlp at all! Th princs of Issachar wr with Dborah and barak. Thy followd Barak, rushing into th vally. But in th trib of Rubn thr was grat indcision. Th princs of Issachar wr with Dborah, Issachar with Barak; down into th vally thy rushd in pursuit. Rubn howvr was split into factions; grat wr thir hart-sarchings. Mostly litral rndrings (with som occasional paraphrasing): God s Wo HCSB JPS (Tanakh) Issachar's commandrs wr with Dborah. Thy wr also with Barak, snt into th vally undr his command. Among Rubn's divisions important mn had scond thoughts. Th princs of Issachar wr with Dborah; Issachar was with Barak. Thy st out at his hls in th vally. Thr was grat sarching of hart among th clans of Rubn. And Issachar s chifs wr with Dborah; As Barak, so was Issachar Rushing aftr him into th vally. Among th clans of Rubn Wr grat dcisions of hart. Litral, almost wo-for-wo, rndrings:

90 Judgs Chaptr Th Emphasizd Bibl NASB Own's Translation Young s Updatd LT 65 And my princs in Issachar wr with Dborah, Ya, Issachar was th support of Barak, Into th val rushd thy forth at his ft. Among th divisions of Rubn grat wr th rsolvs of th hart: And th princs of Issachar wr with Dborah; As was Issachar, so was Barak; Into th vally thy rushd at his hls; Among th divisions of Rubn Thr wr grat rsolvs of hart. Th princs of Issachar with Dborah; and Issachar so Barak. Into th vally thy rushd forth at his hls. Among th clans of Rubn grat sarchings of hart. And princs in Issachar ar with Dborah, Ya, Issachar is right with Barak, Into th vally h was snt on his ft. In th divisions of Rubn, Grat ar th dcrs of hart!. What is th gist of this vrs? Although Dborah s plac in this war is not clar (Barak rqui hr to accompany him), th trib of Issachar appars to b fully invstd in this attack against th Canaanits. Th trib of Rubn, on th othr hand, sms to hav misgivings ovr th whol thing, and probably dos not participat at all. Judgs 5:15a Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs w (or v ) (å) [pronouncd wh] and, vn, thn; namly; whn; sinc, that; though simpl wâw conjunction No Strong s # BDB #251 sar (ø Ç ) [pronouncd sar] chiftain, chif, rulr, official, captain, princ, ladr, commandr masculin plural construct Strong s #8269 BDB #978 h b ( ) [pronouncd b ] Ó in, into, through; at, by, nar, on, upon; with, bfor, against; by mans of; among; within a prposition of proximity No Strong s # BDB #88 Yis sâkâr (øë È È é)ò [pronouncd yis -saw- AWR] h will bring a rwa; thr is rcompns; translitratd Issachar masculin singular propr noun Strong s #3485 BDB #441 Issachar coms from th wo sâkâr (ø ë È È ) [pronouncd saw-kawr], which mans rmunration, hir, wags. (Strong s #7939 BDB #969). îm (í òò ) [pronouncd ìm] with, at, by, nar prposition of narnss and vicinity; with th 3 prson masculin singular suffix Strong s #5973 BDB #767 D bôwrâh (ä ø È á ) b Ó [pronouncd d -voh- RAW], b; translitratd Dborah fminin singular noun Strong s #1683 BDB #184 Translation: And my princs of Issachar [wr] with Dborah;... This vrs, in th Hbrw, litrally bgins: And my princs of in Issachar with Dborah. This xplains th diffrnc btwn th NASB and Young. On wnt 65 Rothrham and th NKJV both point out that th Aram aic, Sptuagint, Syriac and Vulgat all hav th princs of Issachar. My is th prsonal, pronominal suffix from th Hbrw nding.

91 Th Book of th Judgs with th construct of princs and th othr wnt with th prposition which prcds Dborah. Thr ar no vrbs thr, which is why Rothrham, Young and th NASB insrtd various forms of to b. I think that it would b fair to say that Dborah is not fighting th battl with Barak, but sh is narby. This tlls us that th princs of Issachar ar with hr. Lt m suggst that thr is som stratgic planning occurring hr, whil Barak lads th troops into battl. I do not bliv that thr is any insult intndd hr. Judgs 5:15b Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs w (or v ) (å) [pronouncd wh] and, vn, thn; namly; whn; sinc, that, so that; though simpl wâw conjunction No Strong s # BDB #251 Yis sâkâr (øë È È é)ò [pronouncd yis -saw- AWR] h will bring a rwa; thr is rcompns; translitratd Issachar masculin singular propr noun Strong s #3485 BDB #441 kên (ï Å ) [pronouncd kan] so, thus; upright, honst; rightly, wll; [it is] so, such, so constitutd; proprly, an activ participl; usd primarily as an advrb Strong's #3651 BDB #485 Bârâq ( øè È ) [pronouncd baw- RAWK] lightning, lightning flash; translitratd Barak masculin singular, propr noun Strong s #1301 BDB #140 Translation:...and Issachar, so [h was with] Barak. Th nxt lin bgins with And Issachar and th advrb so. This is followd by Barak. Th wo so is th short way of rpating th contnt of th prvious lin. So, just as th princs of Issachar ar with Dborah, th trib of Issachar was with Barak. What this mans is that stratgy and tactics wr plannd btwn th princs of Issachar and Dborah. Th actual fighting includd Barak and th trib of Issachar. This would hav bn aftr th dfat and assassination of Sisra and prior to th complt dfat of Jabin and th Canaanits. In any cas, th trib of Issachar is fully invstd in this fight for thir fom. This will st up a contrast btwn thm and th trib of Rubn, which will follow shortly. Judgs 5:15c Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs h b ( ) [pronouncd b ] Ó in, into, through; at, by, nar, on, upon; with, bfor, against; by mans of; among; within a prposition of proximity No Strong s # BDB #88 mq ( î ò ) [pronouncd ÌEH-mk] vally, val, lowland, dpning, dpth masculin singular noun with th dfinit articl Strong s #6010 BDB # Lt m xplain this as a footnot. In th Hbrw, princ is sar (ø Ç ) [pronouncd sar]; in th plural, it is sârîym (íé ø ò È ); in st th plural construct it is sârêy ( é ø Å È ); and th plural with th 1 prson singular suffix is sâray ( é ø Ç È ). You will not that in th lattr two cass, th diffrnc is in th vowl point.

92 Judgs Chaptr Translation: In th vally,... Th nxt sntnc bgins with in th vally or into th vally. Historically, wars ar gnrally fought btwn larg groups of infantry in filds and vallys; rtrat oftn taks plac in hills and forsts, whr thos rtrating might hav a bttr chanc to vad thir pursurs. W know by th historical narrativ of Judgs 4 that th first battl had Barak with th tribs of Issachar and Zbulun coming down from Mount Tabor to mt Sisra and his chariots in th vally blow (Judgs 4:12 16). This can rfr to that particular battl and it bcoms rprsntativ of th subsqunt tims that Issachar followd Barak into battl. Judgs 5:15d Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs shâlach (ç ì Ç È ) [pronouncd shaw- LAKH] h was snt forth, h had bn snt forth; h has bn cast away, cast asid; h has bn dismissd; h has bn lt go, st fr 3 prson masculin singular, Pual prfct Strong s #7971 BDB #1018 h b ( ) [pronouncd b ] Ó in, into, through; at, by, nar, on, upon; with, bfor, against; by mans of; among; within a prposition of proximity No Strong s # BDB #88 rgl (ì â ø ) [pronouncd REH-gl] foot, ft fminin plural noun with th 3 prson masculin singular suffix Strong s #7272 BDB #919 Translation:...h [Issachar] was snt forth at his [Barak s] ft. W hav th 3 prson masculin singular, Pual prfct of to snd, to snd forth, to snd away, to dismiss, to dploy. Th Pual is th passiv of th Pil, which is th accomplishd intnsiv stm. W could rndr this h was snt forth, h had bn snt forth. What follows is th bêyth prposition and th wos his ft. What this mans is that th trib of Issachar was snt forth undr th command (at his ft) of Barak. Barak ld thm into battl. Again, thir first battl involvd following Barak into th vally to war against Sisra; and this potically rprsnts th many tims aftr that Issachar continud to follow Barak into war. Th Tribs Who Did Not Participat So far, w hav xamind th tribs which did participat. Now w will xamin th tribs which did not participat, or who could not sm to dcid. This should hav bn th division point for this vrs, as th Tanakh rightly obsrvs in is own translation. This is on of th worst vrs divisions found in Scriptur. Judgs 5:15 Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs h b ( ) [pronouncd b ] Ó in, into, through; at, by, nar, on, upon; with, bfor, against; by mans of; among; within a prposition of proximity No Strong s # BDB #88 p lûggâh (ä È ìë ) [pronouncd p loog- GAW] division, sction; possibly a class fminin plural construct Strong s #6391 BDB #811

93 Th Book of th Judgs 797 Judgs 5:15 Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs R ûwbên (ïá à ø) [pronouncd r oo-bane] bhold a son; translitratd Rubnit masculin singular propr noun Strong s #7206 BDB #910 Translation: Among divisions of Rubn,... In th nxt lin, w hav a nw thought. W hav th bêyth prposition again and th masculin singular construct divisions. It coms from th wo to split, to divid and is only found in Judgs 5:15 16 and Job 20:17. Now thr ar two ways of intrprting this: som might would look at th wo divisions and think of th trib of Rubn bing split up into divisions for war. Howvr, th trib of Rubn appars to b dividd in purpos and intntion. That is, som might support this war for indpndnc and othrs may not. 67 Thy do not appar to know thy should participat or not. In rtrospct, w think to ourslvs, of cours you should participat; ths ar your brothrs! Howvr, that is not th cas. In our Rvolutionary War our war for indpndnc thr wr a significant numbr of popl who did not favor sparation from England or wr not willing to go to war to gain this indpndnc. So it is with th trib of Rubn; thy disagr about this war against th Canaanits; thy ar dividd. Judgs 5:15f Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs gâdôwl (ì ã È ) [pronouncd gaw-dohl] larg, grat or mighty [in powr, nobility, walth; in numbr, or magnitud and xtnt], loud, oldr, important, distinguishd; vast, unyilding, immutabl, significant, astonishing masculin plural adjctiv Strong s #1419 BDB #152 chêqq ( çå) [pronouncd CHAY-kk] prsonal dcr, individual rsolv [aftr a grat dal of thought], statut, action prscribd masculin plural construct Strong s #2711 BDB #349 lêb (áåì) [pronouncd b lay v] hart, innr man, mind, will, thinking masculin singular noun Strong's #3820 BDB #524 Translation:...grat [prsonal] dcrs of th hart. Aftr th propr noun Rubn w hav th adjctiv strong mighty. Following this w hav th masculin plural construct of chêqq, which is only found in Judgs 5:15 and Isa. 10:1. Howvr, it has svral cognats; th vrb mans to cut, to ngrav, to dcr. This would rfr to prsonal dcrs or things dtrmind aftr a grat amount of thought. This is followd by th wo hart. This givs us: In divisions of Rubn, mighty [prsonal] dcrs of hart. Evn though, to Dborah, thir choic should b obvious, thr was possibl grat dbat and disagrmnt. At th tim, to som, this dbat may hav vn smd maningful. Gill: Eithr (1) for thir divisions among thmslvs in thir own councils, som bing for going ovr Joan to assist thir brthrn th Isralits against Jabin, and fr thm from his yok, pitying thir distrssd stat and condition; and othrs wr for kping at hom, and taking car of thir flocks, 67 Both Barns and Thim suggst that this should b Am ong th brooks of Rubn. I m not crtain that this intrprtation xplains mor than what I hav givn you.

94 Judgs Chaptr and not intrmddl in th quarrl; judging it to b most for thir worldly pac and profit to obsrv a nutrality: by rason of which divisions no assistanc was givn. Or (2) for thir divisions and sparations from thir brthrn th Isralits, from whom thy wr not only sparatd by th rivr Joan, but in thir affctions to thm, and rgas for thm; kping at a distanc from thm, whn thir hlp was rqui: and this conduct of thirs causd many thoughts of hart in Dborah and Barak, in th princs and popl of Isral, who could not wll undrstand th rason of it; and which causd much grif and unasinss of mind, that so powrful a trib, and who had bn assisting to thm in th conqust of th land, and lay convnint to hlp thm, yt should b so vry indiffrnt to thm. 68 Application: Today, thr ar thos who bliv that th dbat concrning Iraq is rasonabl; that it is okay to commit troops to a position, and thn, suddnly withdraw thm whn rsults ar not immdiat or imprfct. Many of ths do not bliv that th withdrawal of troops will man anything, vn though it will b sn among millions as a victory of Allah and Islam ovr Amrica. I don t man to gt too political (although, thr is no tlling at what priod of tim you will rad this), but th Bibl, ovr and ovr again, castigats thos who do not participat in a war of thir country. This has all bn rough sldding, so lt m offr som gnral hlp hr: Hbrw Potry (as Opposd to Pros) (1) Hbrw Potry has a slightly nw or diffrnt vocabulary. (2) Th sntnc structur is oftn alt. (3) Thoughts ar not prsntd as full sntncs, but ar oftn fragmntd. (4) Wos somtims hav a slightly diffrnt maning. (5) Th ovrall maning might b lss than prfctly litral. Thrfor, whn daling with Hbrw potry, thr is a lot with which w nd to struggl. This may hlp to xplain why translators of ras gon by struggl so much with th maning of ths vrss; and why w struggl so much ourslvs. Furthrmor, in this particular pom, w ar daling with mor ancint Hbrw than that of th Psalms. In th psalms, thr ar so many from th sam ra that w can mor asily draw conclusions about th structur and th slightly alt maning of th wos. W hav lss to compar this song to. Rturn to Chaptr Outlin Rturn to Charts, Maps and Short Doctrins In v. 16, w continu with th trib of Rubn. Why did you rmain in th saddlbags? To har a hissing of flocks. For divisions of Rubn, [thr wr] mighty sarchings of hart. Judgs 5:16 Why did you rmain btwn th saddlbags? To har th hissing of [your] flocks? For divisions of Rubn, [thy had] grat xaminations of th hart. Was thr a rason that you rmaind with your saddlbags instad of joining your brothrs in th fight? Was it to har th hissing of your flocks? For thr wr disagrmnts in Rubn and srious strugglings of th hart. Again, w will nd to go to a coupl of othr translations, but this won t b quit as difficult as th prvious vrs. 68 Dr. John Gill, John Gill s Exposition of th Entir Bibl; from -Swo, Judgs 5:15.

95 Th Book of th Judgs 799 Ancint txts: Latin Vulgat Masortic Txt Pshitta Sptuagint Significant diffrncs: Why do you liv btwn two bors, that you may har th blatings of th flocks? Rubn bing dividd against himslf, thr was found a strif of couragous mn. Why did you rmain in th saddlbags? To har a hissing of flocks. For divisions of Rubn, [thr wr] mighty prsonal dcrs of hart. Why do you stay on th highways? To har th blatings of th wild asss? For th divisions of Rubn thr wr grat sarchings of hart. Why did thy sit btwn th shp folds to har th blating of flocks for th divisions of Rubn? thr wr grat sarchings of hart. Thr is a diffrnc of opinion as to whr th trib of Rubn stayd. In th Hbrw, th rmain with th saddlbags, as if thy had saddld up to go, but could not mak th final dcision to join thir brothrs. In th Latin, thy ar btwn two bors which, I suppos, could b th Joan and th astrn bor of Rubn. Th maning is, thy did not lav thir trritory. In th Syriac, thy stay on th highways, and in th Grk, thy rmain with thir shp. In all cass, xcpt th Syriac, Rubn is rmaining to listn to thir flocks mak nois. Thought-for-thought translations; paraphrass: Th final lin is a rptition of th final lins of v. 15. CEV Th Mssag NLT REB Rubn, why did you stay among your shp pns? Was it to listn to shphs whistling for thir shp? No on could figur out why Rubn wouldn't com. Why all thos campfir discussions? Divrtd and distractd, Rubn's divisions couldn't mak up thir minds. Wy did you sit at hom among th shpfolds to har th shphs whistl or thir flocks? In th trib of Rubn thr was grat indcision. Why did you lingr by th shpfolds to listn to th shrill calling of th shphs? Mostly litral rndrings (with som occasional paraphrasing): God s Wo HCSB JPS (Tanakh) Why did you sit btwn th saddlbags? Was it to listn to th shphs playing thir fluts? Rubn's divisions of important mn had scond thoughts. Why did you sit among th shpfolds listning to th playing of pips for th flocks? Thr was grat sarching of hart among th clans of Rubn. Why thn did you stay among th shpfolds And listn as thy pip for th flocks? Among th clans of Rubn Wr grat sarching of hart! Litral, almost wo-for-wo, rndrings: Updatd Emphasizd Bibl NASB Why do you liv among th folds? To har th mocking of th flocks? Th divisions of Rubn had grat counslings of hart. Why did you sit among th shpfolds, To har th piping for th flocks? Among th divisions of Rubn Thr wr grat sarchings of hart.

96 Judgs Chaptr Young s Updatd LT Why hav you abod btwn th boundaris, To har lowings of hs? For th divisions of Rubn, Grat ar th sarchings of hart! What is th gist of this vrs? Dborah chids Rubn for rmaining whr h is. Sh asks, Did you stay thr in or to har th blating of your hs? Thn v. 15c d is rpatd.. Judgs 5:16a Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs lâmd (ì) (pronouncd l ) to, for, towas, in rgas to, with rfrnc to, as to, with rgas to, blonging to prposition No Strong s # BDB #510 mâh (ä îè ) [pronouncd maw] what, how, why intrrogativ; xclamatory particl Strong s #4100 BDB #552 Lâmd + mâh can b rnd why, for what rason, to what purpos, for what purpos, indicating an intrrogatory sntnc. yâshab (á Ç Èé) [pronouncd yaw- B SHAH V] to rmain, to stay; to dwll, to liv, to inhabit; to sit nd 2 prson masculin singular, Qal prfct Strong's #3427 BDB #442 bêyn (ïé Å ) [pronouncd ban] in th midst of, btwn, among; whn found twic, it mans btwn prposition Strong's #996 BDB #107 mishpâth (ú È î. ) [pronouncd mish - PATH] fir-placs, ash-haps; shpfolds; saddlbags masculin dual noun Strong s #4942 BDB #1046 This wo found only hr and in Gn. 49:14, both potical portions of God s Wo. W ar givn svral gusss as to what this mans, including fir-placs, shpfolds, ash-haps. Howvr, I think th ky to this wo is its dual numbr and its us in Gn. 49:14: Issachar is a strong donky, lying d o wn btwn th [two whatvr s]. Th NASB suggsts saddlbags, which sms th most logical. Othr rndrings includ shpfolds (or, saddlbags) (NASB); pns (as in, shp pns) and folds (Rothrham); saddlbags and 69 campfirs (NIV); and folds and boundaris (Young). My thinking is that th saddlbags ar rmovd from th donkys and usd as sort of a makshift pillow/bd in btwn which a prson might li for som comfort. This may hlp to xplain why w s this wo translatd in so many ways. Translation: Why did you rmain btwn th saddlbags? It is in this vrs that w s that Rubn did not immdiatly com to th rst of Isral. Whr thy ar rmaining is th dual masculin of a wo found only hr and in Gn. 49:14, both potical portions of God s Wo. W ar givn svral gusss as to what this mans, including fir-placs, shpfolds, ash-haps. Howvr, I think th ky to this wo is its dual numbr and its us in Gn. 49:14: Issachar is a strong donky, lying down btwn th [two whatvr s]. Th NASB suggsts saddlbags, which sms th most logical. Othr rndrings includ shpfolds (or, saddlbags) (NASB); pns (as in, shp pns) and folds (Rothrham); saddlbags and campfirs (NIV); and folds and boundaris (Young). My thinking is that th saddlbags ar rmovd from th donkys and usd as sort of a makshift pillow/bd in btwn which a prson might li for som comfort. Rubn has not movd swiftly towa th fighting but has hld 69 I nd to say somthing in dfns of Young; vn though h is not always consistnt in his translation, this tnds to b in aras whr w ar daling with rathr difficult wos,.g. this on whr no on can unquivocally say what it mans.

97 Th Book of th Judgs 801 back. Th ovrall implication is, thy nvr got as far as to saddl up. Thy rmaind with thir saddlbags, unwilling to hlp thir brothrs. Judgs 5:16b Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs lâmd (ì) (pronouncd l ) to, for, towas, in rgas to, with rfrnc to, as to, with rgas to, blonging to prposition No Strong s # BDB #510 shâma (ò îç È ) [pronouncd shaw- MAHÌ] to listn [intntly], to har, to listn and oby, [or, and act upon, giv hd to, tak not of], to harkn to, to b attntiv to, to listn and b cognizant of Qal infinitiv construct Strong's #8085 BDB #1033 sh rîyqâh (ä È éø. ) [pronouncd sh r- KAW] hissing, shriking, piping, whistling fminin plural construct Strong s #8292 BDB #1057 This wo is onomatopotic and is pronouncd shr-kaw, which indicats th nois of th flocks. S Strong s #8319 BDB #1056 and Strong s #8322 BDB #1056. êdr (øã ò) [pronouncd ÌAY-dr] flock, h masculin plural noun Strong s #5739 BDB #727 Translation: To har th hissing of [your] flocks? Th qustion is continud with th Qal infinitiv of th vrb to har, which is followd by th fminin plural construct of a noun which occurs hr only, but vry likly mans hissing. It is onomatopotic and is pronouncd shr-kah. Rubn chos to stay with thir flocks, only to har th rproval of thir own cattl. Do you s how clvr this is? As Rubn stays bhind, thir own animals hiss at thm; thir own animals condmn thm for thir non-involvmnt. Gill has a slightly diffrnt tak on this: Th blatings of thir flocks, and th whistlings of th shphs that kpt thm, soundd loudr in thir ars, and mor ngrossd thir attntion, than th groans and cris of Isral undr opprssion; or than th soundings of th trumpt, th alarm of war, or th loud 70 calls of Dborah and Barak. Or, prhaps th blatings of thir own shp simply drownd out th calls for hlp from Dborah and Barak. 71 Judgs 5:16c Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs h b ( ) [pronouncd b ] Ó in, into, through; at, by, nar, on, upon; with, bfor, against; by mans of; among; within a prposition of proximity No Strong s # BDB #88 p lûggâh (ä È ìë ) [pronouncd p loog- GAW] division, sction; possibly a class fminin plural construct Strong s #6391 BDB # Dr. John Gill, John Gill s Exposition of th Entir Bibl; from -Swo, Judgs 5: This is quit a paraphras from John Wsly; Explanatory Nots on th Whol Bibl; courtsy of -swo, Judgs 5:16.

98 Judgs Chaptr Judgs 5:16c Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs R ûwbên (ïá à ø) [pronouncd r oo-bane] bhold a son; translitratd Rubnit masculin singular propr noun Strong s #7206 BDB #910 Translation: For divisions of Rubn,... This bgins a rptition of th nd of v. 15; howvr, it is not xactly rplicatd, which suggsts that this is not simply a copyist rror. This short portion is xactly th sam as v. 15. Judgs 5:16d Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs gâdôwl (ì ã È ) [pronouncd gaw-dohl] larg, grat or mighty [in powr, nobility, walth; in numbr, or magnitud and xtnt], loud, oldr, important, distinguishd; vast, unyilding, immutabl, significant, astonishing masculin plural adjctiv Strong s #1419 BDB #152 chêqr (ø çå) [pronouncd KHAY-kr] a carful invstigation, a sarching out or a sarching for, an invstigation, rsarch, invstigation, inquisition, study, xamination, survy masculin plural construct Strong s #2714 BDB #350 This wo is diffrnt from what w hav in v. 15. lêb (áåì) [pronouncd b lay v] hart, innr man, mind, will, thinking masculin singular noun Strong's #3820 BDB #524 Translation:...[thy had] grat xaminations of th hart. Th nd of v. 15 is vry narly rpatd, with th xcption of on wo. Th Rvisd English Bibl suggsts that this is a mistak, and that th vrs was r-copid as a copyist s rror. Howvr, this is not xactly th sam as th nd of v. 15. My imprssion hr is that ths mn of Rubn thought long and ha about thir rsponsibilitis, yt, in th nd, just sat out with thir flocks of shp listning to th hiss of thir flocks. Th indication is that Rubn did not assist in th war against Jabin. Thrfor, I don t bliv that w hav a copyist s rror hr, but that it simply and potically indicats that Rubn did nothing but think about this situation. Gill: This [lin] is rpatd to show how much th prophtss, th gnral of th army, th princs and popl, wr affctd with this conduct of th trib of Rubn; it gav thm much pain and unasinss, occasiond many inquiris, causd much discours and convrsation, and put thm upon think ing, and gratly xrcisd thir minds, what should b th maning of th ir b h a ving aftr this mannr. Coccius taks ths wos to b spokn ironically, and rndrs thm,"at th rivrs of Rubn wr grat mn in sarchings of hart;''thr wr wisdom, prudnc, counsl, sarching, and discrning 72 of spirits, prfrring thir flocks to th popl of God. So two intrprtations ar givn: Rubn s choic not to hlp thir brothrs causd grat discours among thos thy would not hlp; but I think th lattr intrprtation is th accurat on: that, aftr grat discussion and prsonal introspction, th Rubnits simply dcidd to stay with th accusatory blating of thir shp. 72 Dr. John Gill, John Gill s Exposition of th Entir Bibl; from -Swo, Judgs 5:16.

99 Th Book of th Judgs 803 Kil and Dlitzsch giv a succinct intrprtation: In this trib thr did aris a livly sympathy with th national lvation. Thy hld mtings, passd grat rsolutions, but it ld to no practical rsult; and at lngth thy prfr to rmain quitly at hom in thir own comfortabl pastoral lif. 73 As Paul writs about such mn: Thy all sk thir own intrsts, not thos of Jsus Christ...For many, of whom I hav oftn told you and now tll you vn with tars, walk as nmis of th cross of Christ. Thir nd is dstruction, thir god is thir blly, and thy glory in thir sham, with minds st on arthly things (Philip. 2:21 3:18 19). Application: This rminds m of th tim in which I liv; w hav two madman who just rcnt spok at th Unitd Nations: Hugo Chavz and Mahmoud Ahmadinjad (prsidnt of Iran); and w hav two rogu rulrs who dsir nuclar wapons: Kim Il Sung of North Kora and Mahmoud Ahmadinjad of Iran. Kim Il Sung, on svral occasions, has tstd missils which fly ovr Japan; and Mahmoud Ahmadinjad has, on svral occasions, calld for th dstruction of th nation Isral. Ths ar mn who tak an antagonistic stanc against th Unitd Stats; 74 thy hat and disrspct our prsidnt (Chavz has calld him Satan ovr and ovr again th othr day ); and thr is no rason to assum that thy would not b sympathtic to trrorist groups who would lik to dstroy Isral and th Unitd Stats as wll yars from now, thir hat and implacability will b clarly known throughout th world; and if w in th Unitd Stats simply tak this tim to dbat th issus, to hav grat sarchings of th hart, and to ultimatly rmain hr, without taking a stand, among th blatings of our Wal-marts and McDonald s, w will pay with our own blood on our own soil. W ar choosing inaction at this point, although what ths mn intnd to do is not hiddn; it is not spokn bhind closd doors; thr is no confusion that ths ar our nmis and that thy man to do us and Isral harm. How long will w hold mtings, pass grat rsolutions without practical rsult, and rmain quitly at hom whil ths mn plot our dstruction? Thos who know history look back at Hitlr and wondr, how could w stand by and lt him rag all ovr Europ? Howvr, w fac a similar and vn lss-vild thrats today, and still sit unmovd, th blatings of our ipods drowning out th thrats from all around us. Application: In th blivr s lif, thr is a tim to think and thr is a tim to spring into action. It is God s Wo in our soul and th gntl guidanc of th Holy Spirit which lads us to grasp th diffrnc. Application: Sinc I mntion th guidanc of God th Holy Spirit, I nd to point out that God is not going to light up your lft sid for you to go lft; nor will H plac a gray cloud ovrhad to guid you in this or that dirction. If you gt into fllowship (nam your sins to God) and you larn God s Wo. Doing this mans that you will not hav to worry about guidanc; that will b takn car of. Gilad byond th Joan pitchd a tnt and Dan, why dos h abid [in] ships? Ashr rmaind for a coast of sas and from his ports h pitchd a tnt. Judgs 5:17 Gilad pitchd a tnt byond th Joan; and why dos Dan abid [by th] ships? Ashr rmaind by th sa coast [or, th wst coast] and h pitchd a tnt from his ports. Gilad is not moving from byond th Joan and th trib of Dan rmains by th ships. Ashr has stayd by th coast, pitching a tnt at his ports. Hr is how othrs hav translatd this vrs: Ancint txts: Masortic Txt Gilad byond th Joan pitchd a tnt and Dan, why dos h abid [in] ships? 73 Kil and Dlitzsch, Commntary on th Old Tstamnt; from -Swo; Judgs 5: To chring and clapping crowds, might I add; and many from a Baptist church!

100 Judgs Chaptr Sptuagint Significant diffrncs: Ashr rmaind for a coast of sas and from his ports h pitchd a tnt. Galaad is on th othr sid of Joan whr h pitchd his tnts; and why dos Dan rmain in ships? Asr sat down on th sa coasts, and h will tabrnacl at his ports [or, placs of grss, tc.]. Th Grk and Hbrw, finally, ar almost idntical. Thought-for-thought translations; paraphrass: CEV Th Mssag NLT Th popl of Gilad stayd across th Joan. Why did th trib of Dan rmain on thir ships and th trib of Ashr stay along th coast nar th harbors? Gilad playd it saf across th Joan, and Dan, why did h go off sailing? Ashr kpt his distanc on th sacoast, saf and scur in his harbors. Gilad rmaind ast of th Joan. And Dan, why did h stay hom? Ashr sat unmovd at th sashor, rmaining in his harbors. Mostly litral rndrings (with som occasional paraphrasing): God s Wo HCSB JPS (Tanakh) Gilad rmaind ast of th Joan Rivr. And Dan... Why did h stay by th ships? Ashr sat on th sashor and rmaind along th inlts. Gilad rmaind byond th Joan. Dan, why did you lingr at th ships? Ashr rmaind at th sashor and stayd in his harbors. Gilda tarrid byond th Joan; And Dan why did h lingr by th ships [Or at Onioth, a prsumd dsignation of Dan s rgion] Ashr tarrid at th sacost And tarrid at his landings. Litral, almost wo-for-wo, rndrings: Updatd Emphasizd Bibl NASB Young s Updatd LT Gilad byond th Joan took his rst, But why did Dan rmain with th ships? Ashr abod by th shor of th sas, And by his crks must nds rst. Gilad rmaind [or, dwlt] across th Joan; And why did Dan stay in ships? Ashr sat at th sashor, And rmaind [or, dwlt] by its landings. Gilad byond th Joan did tabrnacl, And Dan why dos h sojourn in ships? Ashr abids at th havn of th sas, And by his crks h tabrnacls. What is th gist of this vrs? Gilad (Manassh ast of th Joan) rmaind thr; th trib of Dan rmaind with his ships. Ashr abids by th sas. Judgs 5:17a Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs Gil âd (ã òè ì ò ) [pronouncd gil-ìawd]. rocky rgion; translitratd Gilad masculin propr noun Strong s #1568 BDB #166

101 Th Book of th Judgs 805 Judgs 5:17a Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs h b ( ) [pronouncd b ] Ó in, into, at, by, nar, on, with, bfor, upon, against, by mans of, among, within a prposition of proximity No Strong s # BDB #88 êbr (øá òå ) [pronouncd B ÌAY -vr] rgion byond [across]; rgion on th othr sid [of a vally, stram, sa]; th opposit rgion [sid]; byond, sid masculin singular construct Strong's #5676 BDB #719 Th bêyth prposition with th masculin noun êbr litrally man in th opposit rgion, in th opposit sid; togthr, thy oftn act as th singl prposition byond, on th othr sid of. Yâr dên (ï ø È é) [pronouncd yar -DAYN] translitratd Joan propr noun with th dfinit articl Strong s #3383 BDB #434 shâkan (ï Çë È ) [pronouncd shaw- KAHN] to tabrnacl, to pitch a tnt; to dwll, to rsid, to liv in, to domicil at, to sttl, to sttl down, to ncamp 3 prson masculin singular, Qal prfct Strong s #7931 BDB #1014 Translation: Gilad pitchd a tnt byond th Joan;... Th first vrb is th Qal prfct of to tabrnacl, to pitch a tnt. By application, it mans to dwll, to rsid, to liv in, to domicil at, to sttl, to sttl down, to dwll, to ncamp, to tabrnacl.. Th us of th nam Gilad, as opposd to Gad and Manassh, th tribs which sttld Gilad, is an insult. East Manassh and Gad did not com to hlp thir brothrs and is thrfor not calld by thir nam but by th nam of th ara that thy inhabitd. This is also an asy way to sparat ast Manassh from wst Manassh, by rfrring to th land which is occupid. Thr is an irony that you might miss. Gilad is rally a plac, and, as such, will always b on th othr sid of th Joan. Gilad, bcaus it is a plac, cannot b anywhr ls but on th othr sid of th Joan. Obviously it domicils or livs or dwlls on th othr sid of th Joan that is whr Gilad is. It is lik saying that Sattl has pitchd a tnt in th stat of Washington. Gad and East Manassh, who rsid in Gilad, act as though thy cannot lav thir plac in Gilad as though it is physically impossibl. At last with th trib of Rubn, thr apparntly was som discussion and thought givn to hlping thir brothrs. Although, sparatd into tribs, Isral is on nation. Whn plans struck Nw York City on 9/11/01, I flt just as prsonally struck as if thy had takn out th Transco towr in Houston. Evn though I may not hav a lot in common with Nw Yorkrs, thy ar a part of my nation, and striking thm is th sam as striking m. Thos on th othr sid of th Joan did not quit s it that way. In a way, this is what Moss had warnd against. Whn Rubn, Gad and half of Manassh rqustd th land Isral conqu ast of th Joan, Moss strnly warnd thm that thy must continu to assist thir brothrs tak th land on th othr sid of th Joan (Dut. 3:12 20). With rgas to Joshua s initial incursion into th land, ths 2½ tribs funtiond as thir brothrs. Howvr, sinc thn, th cris of thir brothrs ar drown out by th blating of th shp; and thy ar simply too far away.

102 Judgs Chaptr Judgs 5:17b Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs w (or v ) (å) [pronouncd wh] and, vn, thn; namly; whn; sinc, that, so that; though simpl wâw conjunction No Strong s # BDB #251 Dân (ï È ) [pronouncd dawn] judg and is translitratd Dan masculin propr noun Strong s #1835 BDB #192 lâmd (ì) (pronouncd l ) to, for, towas, in rgas to, with rfrnc to, as to, with rgas to, blonging to prposition No Strong s # BDB #510 mâh (ä îè ) [pronouncd maw] what, how, why intrrogativ; xclamatory particl Strong s #4100 BDB #552 Lâmd + mâh can b rnd why, for what rason, to what purpos, for what purpos, indicating an intrrogatory sntnc. Own lists this hr and in v. 16a as BDB #554. gûwr (ø ) [pronouncd goor] (1) to tmporarily rsid, to sojourn, to stay tmporarily; (2) to stir up, to striv with, to quarrl with; and, (3) to drad, to b afraid of, to stand in aw of 3 prson masculin singular, Qal imprfct (this vrb is a homonym; all basic manings ar givn) Strong s #1481 BDB #158 ãnîyyâh (ä È. ð àâ) [pronouncd uh-n- YAW ] a ship; shipmn, samn fminin plural noun Strong s #591 BDB #58 Translation:...and why dos Dan abid [by th] ships? Thn Dan is mntiond. Th vrb is th Qal prfct of to sojourn, to [tmporarily] rsid. This is followd simply by ships; thr is no prposition. This is a bit difficult to grasp, as w don t rally har much about Isral and sailing vssls. Howvr, Dan is nar th shor. This is xtrmly sarcastic. It is as though Dan is bhaving lik h s too busy with th ships that h dosn t hav. Or, th trib of Dan is too busy with th ships of Isral s nmis th Phœnicians by bing ngagd in trad with thm. I bliv that on of thos manings is what Dborah intnds to say. Judgs 5:17c Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs Âshêr (øù àè ) [pronouncd aw- SHARE], happinss; translitratd Ashr masculin singular propr noun Strong s #836 BDB #81 yâshab (á Ç Èé) [pronouncd yaw- B SHAH V] to rmain, to stay; to dwll, to liv, to inhabit; to sit 3 prson masculin singular, Qal prfct Strong's #3427 BDB #442 lâmd (ì) (pronouncd l ) to, for, towas, in rgas to, with rfrnc to, as to, with rgas to, blonging to prposition No Strong s # BDB #510

103 Th Book of th Judgs 807 Judgs 5:17c Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs chôwph (ó ç) [pronouncd khohf] sa shor, shor, coast; [shlt] cov masculin singular construct Strong s #2348 BDB #342 yâm (í éè) [pronouncd yawm] sa, lak, rivr, sawa, wst, wstwa masculin plural noun Strong s #3220 BDB #410 Translation: Ashr rmaind by th sa coast [or, wst coast]... What Ashr did is th Qal prfct of to rmain, to sit, to dwll. This is followd by th lâmd prposition and two wos which man, togthr, th wst coast, th sa coast. Ashr had a hug coastlin along th Mditrranan Sa. Throughout much of thir tnur in th land, th Phœnicians controlld thir shors. Anothr possibility is, thy did not want to lav thir sa coast unguad, so thy could not com out and hlp 75 thir brothrs. Judgs 5:17d Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs w (or v ) (å) [pronouncd wh] and, vn, thn; namly; whn; sinc, that, so that; though simpl wâw conjunction No Strong s # BDB #251 al (ì òç ) [pronouncd ìahl ] upon, byond, on, against, abov, ovr, by, bsid prposition of proximity Strong s #5920, #5921 BDB #752 miph râts (õ øè ôî. ) [pronouncd mihf - RAWTS] a brak in th shor, a havn, a landing plac masculin plural noun Strong s #4664 BDB #830 This wo found only hr, and variously rnd landing placs (BDB), crks (NASB and Rothrham), landings (Own and Young), and ports (NJB). shâkan (ï Çë È ) [pronouncd shaw- KAHN] to tabrnacl, to pitch a tnt; to dwll, to rsid, to liv in, to domicil at, to sttl, to sttl down, to ncamp 3 prson masculin singular, Qal imprfct Strong s #7931 BDB #1014 Translation:...and h pitchd a tnt from his ports. In th final lin, w hav th prposition upon, against, abov.. This is followd by th masculin plural of a wo found only hr, and variously rnd landing placs (BDB), crks (NASB and Rothrham), landings (Own and Young), and ports (NJB). Th vrb is, again, to tabrnacl, to pitch a tnt. Now, this also appars to hav a maning that w don t quit gt. Ashr dos not hav control of hr coastlin. Th Phœnicians hav th control of th coasts. Howvr, Ashr is rmaining as clos to th coast as is possibl in or to avoid supporting thir brothrs in war. Thy ar almost risking thir livs in or to avoid risking thir livs. You will rcall th vrs, Your sin will find you out! This is its propr application as an 76 indictmnt against Ashr and Dan, Gad and Rubn. 75 Adam Clark, Commntary on th Bibl; from -Swo, Judgs 5: This is a partial quotation from Num. 32:23; th sin rfr to is th sin of pacifism whil th rmaindr of Isral is at war.

104 Judgs Chaptr Quit simply, what w hav in this past vrs and a half ar thos who did not participat, although thy should hav. You hav furthr notd, now that it has bn pointd out to you, that Dborah dos this in sarcasm, somthing which som popl do not raliz is in th Bibl. Rubn thinks and thinks and thinks; and thn puts his had btwn two saddlbags to rst his mind from all that thinking. Th trib of Gad and som of th trib of Manassh ar bhaving lik a pic of ral stat which cannot b movd from its prsnt position. Dan, although a possssor of som shor lin, dos not possss any ships; howvr, th lack of hlp of Dan is though h is busy with his ships. And Ashr, who has a trmndous coast lin, but who dos not control that coast lin, rmains nar his coast lin, in an ara which might vn b mor dangrous than th battlfild. Dborah has castigatd ths tribs for thir cowaic in warfar; for thir cowaic whn it coms to assisting thir brothrs in war and, quit unfortunatly, hr potic sarcasm striks a lvl byond th xprtis of 99% of thos who rad this passag. And don t forgt who is making ths vicious rmarks a woman, a woman involvd in a war against th Canaanits; a woman whos nrv and hroism is gratr than that of th mn from th tribs sh has disparagd hrin. It might b asir to s this if I xplain this nxt to th Scriptur itslf. A Summary of th Tribs who Faild Trib Scriptur Explanation\Implication Rubn Gad and ½ trib of Manassh Dan Ashr Among divisions of Rubn, grat [prsonal] dcrs of th hart. Why did you rmain btwn th saddlbags? To har th hissing of [your] flocks? For divisions of Rubn, [thy had] grat xaminations of th hart. Gilad pitchd a tnt byond th Joan;...and why dos Dan abid [by th] ships? Ashr rmaind by th sa coast [or, th wst coast] and h pitchd a tnt from his ports. Rubn thought about this situation and argud about it; but, whn all was said and don, thy rstd thir hads on thir saddlbags, th nois of thir flocks drowning out th calls for hlp from thir brothrs. Gilad is not th nam of a trib, but th nam of th trritory that Gad and half of Manassh occupid. Th land of Gilad could not mov across th Joan, and Gad and half of Manassh bhavd th sam way. Th trib of Dan has no ships; in fact, at this tim, thy probably did not vn possss any coast lin (Judgs 18). This is nothing mor than a lam xcus. Ashr did not control thir own coastlin and living on th coast could b as dangrous as bing in battl. Still, instad of moving in th dirction of thir brothrs, thy pitchd a tnt as far away from thm as possibl. Although thr ar othr commntaris who trat Dborah s obsrvations diffrntly, I bliv that hr intnt hr is sarcasm. Rturn to Chaptr Outlin Rturn to Charts, Maps and Short Doctrins Lt s s what othrs think:

105 Th Book of th Judgs 809 Othr Commntators Discuss th Tribs who Did not Hlp Trib Gill Hnry Rubn Th blatings of thir flocks, and th whistlings of th shphs that kpt thm, soundd loudr in thir ars, and mor ngrossd thir attntion, than th groans and cris of Isral undr opprssion; or than th soundings of th trumpt, th alarm of war, or th loud calls of Dborah and Barak; bing undr th influnc of a carnal worldly spirit, and wanting affction and sympathy towas thir brthrn, about which Dborah hr xpostulats with thm. 77 Rubn basly dclind th srvic, (Judgs 5:15 16). Justly had h long ago bn dprivd of th privilgs of th birthright, and still dos his dying fathr's doom stick by him: unstabl as watr, h shall not xcl. Two things hind thm from ngaging: [1.] Thir divisions. This jarring string sh twic striks upon to thir sham: For in th divisions of Rubn thr wr grat thoughts, imprssions, and sarchings of hart. Not only for thir division from Canaan by th rivr Joan, but it mans ithr that thy wr dividd among thmslvs, could not agr who should go or who should lad, ach striving to gain th posts of honour and shun thos of dangr, or that thy wr dividd in thir opinion of this war from th rst of th tribs, thought th attmpt ithr not justifiabl or not practical, and thrfor blamd thos that ngagd in it and did thmslvs dclin it. This occasiond grat sarchings of hart among th rst, spcially whn th had rason to suspct that, whatvr Rubn prtndd, his sitting still now procdd from a cooling of his affctions to his brthrn and an alination of mind from thm. [2.] Thir businss in th world: Rubn abod among th shpfolds, a warmr and safr plac than th camp, prtnding thy could not convnintly lav th shp thy tndd; h lovd to har th blatings of th flock s, or, as som rad it, th whistlings of th flocks, th music which th shphs mad with thir oatn s or pips, and th pastorals which thy sung; ths R ubn prfr bfor th martial drum a n d trumpt. Thus many ar kpt from doing thir duty by th far of troubl, th lov of as, and an inoinat affction to thir worldly businss and advantag Dr. John Gill, John Gill s Exposition of th Entir Bibl; from -Swo, Judgs 5: Matthw Hnry, Commntary on th Whol Bibl; from -Swo, Judgs 5: I ditd his commnts somwhat.

106 Judgs Chaptr Othr Commntators Discuss th Tribs who Did not Hlp Trib Gill Hnry Gad and ½ trib of Manassh Dan Th trib of Gad, and th half trib of Manassh, on that s id Joan, cam not to th hlp of Isral; but abod whr thy wr, attnding thir flocks and hs, and prfrring thir own privat profit to th public good; yt as Gilad was givn to Machir (Dut. 3:15) and som ar said to com out from thnc to srv in this xpdition, (Judgs 5:14). Wst Manassh cam out to hlp thir brothrs; ast 79 Manassh stayd put. Th Danits inhabiting Joppa, and othr placs boring on th Mditrranan sa, attndd thir navigation and mrchandis; and which thy chos rathr to do, than to appar in th fild of battl in th bhalf of thir brthrn; judging this to b a sufficint xcus, though th qustion put implis th contrary; accoing to th Targum, thy wr mditating a flight, and put thir good s in to ships to fl with thm, should Sisra gt th day. 81 Hnry blivd that ast Manassh did com to hlp thir brothrs, but that is bcaus h associats Machir (Manassh s only son) with Gilad, ast of th Joan (not all commntators think this way; Kil and Dlitzsch s Gad and half Manassh as not fulfilling 80 thir propr dutis ). Howvr, all of Manassh was dscndd from Machir. Machir spok of thos wst of th Joan and Gilad rfr to thos ast of th Joan (my commnts, not Hnry s). Dan prtndd h could not lav his ships but thy would b xposd, and thrfor I pray th hav m xcusd. Thos of that trib prhaps pladd that thir sa-trad mad thm ill-fittd for land-srvic and divrtd thm from it; but Zbulun also was a havn for ships, a sa-faring trib, and yt was forwa and activ in this xpdition. Thr is no xcus w mak to shift off duty but what som or othr hav brokn through and st asid, whos courag and rsolution will ris up against us and sham us Dr. John Gill, John Gill s Exposition of th Entir Bibl; from -Swo, Judgs 5: Kil and Dlitzsch, Commntary on th Old Tstamnt; from -Swo; Judgs 5: Dr. John Gill, John Gill s Exposition of th Entir Bibl; from -Swo, Judgs 5: Matthw Hnry, Commntary on th Whol Bibl; from -Swo, Judgs 5: Dr. John Gill, John Gill s Exposition of th Entir Bibl; from -Swo, Judgs 5: Ashr Ashr continud on th sa shor; on th shor of th Mditrranan sa, attnding traffic and businss, and did not concrn thmslvs at all in this war; a nd abod in his trnchs; in his town s and citis, th walls of which had bn brokn down by th Canaanits, and rmaind unrpai, nor wr thy suff to rpair thm; and thrfor xcusd thmslvs on this account from ngaging in th war, bing obligd to stay at hom to kp and dfnd thir citis; which wr in such a ruinous and wak condition, that th nmy might ntr at any tim: som rndr it, "in thir crks" bays and havns whr thy had much shipping, and which 83 rqui thir attndanc. Matthw Hnry, Commntary on th Whol Bibl; from -Swo, Judgs 5: Ashr prtndd h must stay at hom to rpair th brachs which th sa had in som placs mad upon his land, and to fortify his works against th ncroachmnts of it, or h abod in his crks, or small havns, whr his trading vssls lay to attnd thm. A littl thing will srv thos for a prtns to stay at hom who hav no mind to ngag in th most ncssary srvics bcaus thr ar difficulty and dangr in thm. 84

107 Th Book of th Judgs 811 Although I bliv my commnts to corrctly covr th matrial, I print ths so that you can s what othrs think. Rturn to Chaptr Outlin Rturn to Charts, Maps and Short Doctrins Th Tru Hros of this Tim Zbulun scornd thir soul to di; and so Naphtali, unto hights of th fild. Judgs 5:18 Zbulun scornd thir soul to di; Naphtali also, to th hights of th fild. Both Zbulun and Naphtali placd thir livs in jopay on th battlfild. Hr is how othrs hav translatd this vrs: Ancint txts: Latin Vulgat Masortic Txt Pshitta Sptuagint Significant diffrncs: But Zabulon and Nphthali off thir livs to dath in th rgion of Mrom. Zbulun scornd thir soul to di; and so Naphtali, unto hights of th fild. Zbulun and Naphtali wr popls who jopaizd thir livs on th high placs of his fild. Zaboulun a popl xposd thir soul to dath, and Nphthali cam to th high placs of thir land. Th diffrncs btwn th Grk and Hbrw ar not too striking. W hav a diffrnt vrb in th first lin; and th Grk insrts a vrb in th scond. Thought-for-thought translations; paraphrass: Th Latin and Syriac hav a diffrnt sntnc structur altogthr, and thy ar somwhat diffrnt from on anothr as wll. Th gnral ida is th sam: ths two tribs put thir livs on th lin to achiv indpndnc from th Canaanits. CEV Th Mssag NJB NLT But soldirs of Zbulun and Naphtali riskd thir livs to attack th nmy. But Zbulun riskd lif and limb, dfid dath, as did Naphtali on th battl hights. Zbulun is a popl who hav bravd dath, Naphtali too, on th high ground of th country. But Zbulun riskd his lif, as did Naphtali, on th battlfild. Mostly litral rndrings (with som occasional paraphrasing): God s Wo HCSB JPS (Tanakh) NIV But Zbulun mockd dath, and Naphtali riskd his lif on th battlfild. Zbulun was a popl risking thir livs, Naphtali also, on th hights of th battlfild. Zbulun is a popl that mockd at dath [Litrally, blittld its lif to di ], Naphtali on th opn hights. Th popl of Zbulun riskd thir vry livs; so did Naphtali on th hights of th fild. Litral, almost wo-for-wo, rndrings:

108 Judgs Chaptr Th Emphasizd Bibl NASB Young s Updatd LT Zbulun a popl scornd thir souls unto dath; And Naphtali upon th hights of th fild. Zbulun was a popl who dspisd thir livs vn to dath, And Naphtali also, on th high placs of th fild. Zbulun is a popl who xposd its soul to dath, Naphtali also on high placs of th fild. What is th gist of this vrs? In contrast to th tribs who faild to com to th aid of thir brothrs, Zbulun and Naphtali put thir livs on th lin to achiv indpndnc from th hathn Canaanits. Judgs 5:18a Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs Z bûwlûn (ïìë á æ) [pronouncd z b-oo- LOON] xaltd, hono; translitratd Zbulun masculin singular propr noun Strong s #2074 BDB #259 am (í òç ) [pronouncd ìahm] popl; rac, trib; family, rlativs; citizns, common popl; companions, srvants; ntir human rac; h [of animals] masculin singular noun Strong s #5971 BDB #766 châraph (ó øç çè ) [pronouncd khah- RAHF] to dfy, to rproach, to scorn, to rproach, to scornfully dfy; to discit, to sham, to rbuk 3 prson masculin singular, Pil prfct Strong's #2778 BDB #357 & #358 nphsh ( ôð) [pronouncd NEH-fsh] soul, lif, living bing, dsir fminin singular noun with th 3 prson masculin singular suffix Strong s #5315 BDB #659 lâmd (ì) (pronouncd l ) to, for, towas, in rgas to, with rfrnc to, as to, with rgas to, blonging to prposition No Strong s # BDB #510 mûwth (ú î) [pronouncd mooth] to di; to prish, to b dstroyd Qal infinitiv construct Strong's #4191 BDB #559 Translation: Zbulun scornd thir soul to di;... Th first vrb is th Pil prfct of to scorn, to rproach. W might hav a bttr undrstanding of this if w think of it as thy jopaizd thir livs. Thn w hav th Qal infinitiv construct of to di. Th maning hr is that thy wr willing to risk thir livs in battl. If you ar willing to giv your lif in battl for th fom of your country, thn this is dscribd hr in Hbrw potry as scorning your own soul to di. This dos not man that thos from th trib of Zbulun actually hatd thir own livs so much that thy would rathr di in battl; this Hbraism simply mans that thy wr willing to lay down thir livs for thir country. Application: Should w not admir trrorists who willingly giv thir livs for thir caus? Absolutly not! Thy ar not fighting for fom, but so that thir opprssiv rligion and its laws might b forcd upon vryon. Thy ar not fighting for th indpndnc of a nation, but that whatvr land whrin thy di will b placd in subjction to Islam. Thir targts ar thir own popl as oftn as not, including Muslims of a diffrnt strip. Thir targts ar innocnt civilians mor oftn than not, civilians who may b nutral towa thir caus, favorabl towa thir caus, or b apolitical altogthr. Thir rwa, in thir own minds, ar th things which satisfy th lusts of th

109 Th Book of th Judgs 813 flsh 72 virgins, for instanc which lusts run countr to thir rligious blifs if pursud on arth. For this rason, thir motivations ar slfish, and oftn th rsult of a liftim of brainwashing. Application: Arn t fom fightrs to b admi in thir slflss acts to ovrthrow this or that rgim? God has institutd govrnmnts to maintain or and to allow for th function of vanglism. No mattr how good a govrnmnt is, it is going to b imprfct and thr will b injustics; vn our own govrnmnt, in th gratst nation in history, has grat imprfctions and injustics. Almost invariably, a fom fightr is fighting to ovrthrow on systm of govrnmnt with th intntion of rplacing it with a diffrnt form of govrnmnt; on ladr is bing rplacd by anothr ladr whom thy find to b mor charismatic. Th nd rsult is, thy will do whatvr it taks to opprss thos who disagr with thm. Application: On of th rcnt vnts as I writ this (Sptmbr 2006), is th bloodlss coup in Thailand; and I know of svral popl who think this is th gratst thing in th world. Thir formr prim ministr is sn by som as favoring th rich and favoring big businss ovr th popl (I got this by a convrsation with on Thai who thinks that this coup is a good thing). What happnd is, thir prim ministr cam to th US to spak at th Unitd Nations, and th military stagd a bloodlss coup, surrounding his hous and (if I rcall corrctly) govrnmnt buildings, and that a had of th military will b installd as a tmporary prim ministr, and that lctions will b hld off in th nar futur (a yar or so from now). At this point in tim, no on has did in this rvolution, and this man has bn warnd not to rturn to Thailand. Furthrmor, thr is a strong support of th popl for this bloodlss rvolution. So, can thr b anything wrong with this? Thr ar a numbr of problms. First of all, you ar rplacing on man with an old sin natur with anothr man with an old sin natur. Although th nw ladr apparntly has widsprad support, th lction was only a yar away. Having th military play th primary rol in choosing a ladr is a vry dangrous prcdnt, particularly in a dmocracy. Th prson I spok to thought all of this was grat bcaus, th ladr sh wantd would tak ovr, and sh flt that thir oustd prim ministr might win rlction, as h was frinds with popl with mony and with big businss. Now, I prsonally know nothing about ths two mn I barly rcall th nam of th oustd prim ministr. What I do know is, anyon in an lctd govrnmnt is going to hav som frinds and acquaintancs who ar rich it simply coms with th trritory. Furthrmor, it is big businss which provids jobs and conomic bnfit for a nation, not a govrnmnt. At bst, a govrnmnt can stal from big businss and giv a small portion of that to brib poor popl (don t misundrstand m; I bliv that thr is nothing wrong with a govrnmnt providing som sort of subsistnc to thos who ar unabl to do so for thmslvs). Howvr, in our own country, w hav a hug population who has bcom dpndnt upon govrnmnt for thir brad and buttr and housing; and th vast majority of ths popl ar abl to work and to pay thir own way. Govrnmnt has robbd many of thm of initiativ and thir ability to provid for thmslvs. Whras, many s that as a compassionat govrnmnt, and big businss as somthing vil, I think that 80% of thos on wlfar would b bnfitd by a loss of thir fr rid and by working for big businss. My point is, vn though this nw prim ministr of Thailand is sn by many as a frind of th popl instad of big businss, h was jockyd into position by a military coup, not by a popular lction; and most govrnmnt programs involv hug sums of mony, much of which is skimmd off th top by thos at th top, and th small amount which trickls down srvs mor as a brib than as a stop gap masur. And finally, th biggst problm is, th military has chosn th country s ladr by military coup in a dmocratic govrnmnt. I should add on thing: as a part of this bloodlss coup, forign nws ntworks wr rmovd from Thailand cabl systms, anothr dangrous prcdnt. Application: How do th mn of Zbulun and Naphtali diffr? Why ar thy to b hono? Thy ar risking thir livs to throw off th shackls of an outsid powr (th Canaanits). Thy ar rstoring Isral to a thocracy, which is th only tru thocracy in world history. Thir motivations ar for thir lovd ons and family and countrymn; not so that thir lusts my b satiatd in trnity (much lss is said about trnity in th Old Tstamnt as compa 85 to th Nw). Application: Sinc I hav gon off on this tangnt, lt m continu with our US soldirs in Afghanistan and Iraq how do thy diffr from suicid bombrs? US soldirs fight for two complmntary nds: (1) to oppos trrorism in a countris whr most of th trrorists ar, thus kping th trrorist attacks in thir own rgion; and 85 And thr is a dfinit rason for this.

110 Judgs Chaptr (2) to (hopfully) stablish two dmocracis in th Middl East. Whras trrorists will spcifically targt civilian populations, our forcs do whatvr is possibl in or to avoid th killing of civilians (I do not know th xact statistics hr, but by far, th majority of civilian daths in Iraq and Afghanistan ar attributabl to trrorist attacks rathr than by stray bullts or bombings by Amricans it is 9 out of 10 or 19 out of 20?). And thr is a big diffrnc in attitud and intntion; th vast majority of Amrican soldirs would prfr that thr ar no daths of innocnts; but to th suicid bombr, th gratr th dvastation, th mor succssful his mission, and th gratr his rwa in havn. Th vast majority of Amrican soldirs would prfr to lav Iraq and Afghanistan on frindly trms, with nwly installd dmocracis and slf-rul, and rsultant frindly rlations with th wst; th trrorists would lik to s vry Christian (whit) killd or convrtd, and vry nation subjugatd to Islam. Do you s how diffrnt th aims and motivations of our soldirs ar compa to thos of Muslim fanatics and trrorists? Acts 20:24: But I do not account my lif of any valu nor as prcious to myslf, if only I may finish my cours and th ministry that I rcivd from th Lo Jsus, to tstify to th gospl of th grac of God. 1John 3:16: By this w know lov, that h laid down his lif for us, and w ought to lay down our livs for th brothrs. Judgs 5:18b Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs wa (or va) ( åç) [pronouncd wah] and so, and thn, thn, and; so, that, yt, thrfor; bcaus wâw conscutiv No Strong s # BDB #253 Naph tâlîy (éì. È ó - ð) [pronouncd nahf -taw- EE] wrstling; possibly co, thrad; twistd; translitratd Naphtali masculin singular propr noun Strong s #5321 BDB #836 al (ì òç ) [pronouncd ìahl ] upon, byond, on, against, abov, ovr, by, bsid prposition of proximity Strong s #5920, #5921 BDB #752 mârôwm (í ø îè ) [pronouncd maw- ROHM] hight, that which is high; th Most High; a lofty fortifid plac; high-minddnss, prid; collctivly for ladrs, princs masculin singular construct Strong s #4791 BDB #928 sâdh (äã È ) [pronouncd saw-deh] fild, land, country, opn fild, opn country masculin singular noun Strong s #7704 BDB #961 Translation:...Naphtali also, to th hights of th fild. This is followd by and so Naphtali. Own rndrs this Naphtali too; th KJV placs it up as a part of th subjct; and th NASB and Young plac it in th nxt lin whr it blongs. Th last wos of this ar on th high placs of th fild. This is probably a rfrnc to whr Naphtali and Zbulun first gath with Barak, on Mount Tabor, a hight which ovrlooks th battlfild (Judgs 4:6). Th NIV Study Bibl suggsts that this complimnts Naphtali as bing dscribd as a do st fr in Gn. 49:21. Th ida is that both tribs riskd thir livs, or placd thir livs in jopay and prhaps th last phras rfrs to 86 thm bing willing to do this anywhr in th land. Th pictur that is bing paintd is a contrast hr. In th prvious two vrss, w listd th tribs who did not participat in th war against th Canaanits; and hr w list th two tribs who fomntd a war for indpndnc. To summariz: Naphtali and Zbulun wr primarily involvd in th battl, bing th two tribs which initiatd a show of forc against th Canaanits (Judgs 4:6 15 5:18). Ephraim, Bnjamin, Machir (th half trib of Manassh on th wst sid) and Issachar join in (Judgs 5:14 15a). Rubn vacillats and Gad + half Manassh 86 I am not satisfid with my own xplanation; or with that of anyon ls whn it coms to this final phras.

111 Th Book of th Judgs 815 (calld Gilad), Dan and Ashr, though narby, do not join thir brothrs in war (Judgs 5:15b 17). Lvi is not mntiond, as thy ar not involvd in war; and Judah and Simon ar not mntiond, vry likly bcaus thy ar involvd in a skirmish in own thir trritory (s Judgs 1:1 26). You will also notic in this summary organization. Dborah s song was also organizd. Sh bgins with th tribs who pitchd in to hlp, mntions thos that didn t, and thn nams th two tribs who got th ball rolling. How diffrnt this is from th tim whn Joshua was aliv and th tim immdiatly following his dath. Whn w gt to Judgs 19 21, which took plac a cntury prior to Barak and Dborah, w will find such a rspons from th othr tribs, that it will b dtrmind that on family group is missing from all Isral (Judgs 21:8 9). This also hlps to xplain why Judgs 21 sms so diffrnt from this chaptr; Judgs 21 actually occurs in tim closr to lif of Joshua, so that a non-participating trib or city rally stood out; by th tim of Dborah and Barak, th failur of a trib is notd, but nothing is don about it. Rturn to Chaptr Outlin Charts, Maps and Short Doctrins Th Battl Btwn Isral and th Canaanits Cam in kings thy fought thn thy fought kings of Canaan in Taanach byond watrs of Mgiddo. Looting of silv r th y did not tak! Judgs 5:19 Kings cam in thy fought; thn thy fought kings of Canaan in Taanach byond th watrs of Mgiddo. Th y did not gain looting of silv r! Kings cam in and thy fought th kings of Canaan in Taanach byond th watrs of Mgiddo. Thy did not gain silvr by looting. Hr is how othrs hav translatd this vrs: Ancint txts: Latin Vulgat Masortic Txt Pshitta Sptuagint Significant diffrncs: Th kings cam and fought, th kings of Chanaan fought in Thanac, by th watrs of Magddo and yt thy took no spoils. Cam in kings thy fought thn thy fought kings of Canaan in Taanach byond watrs of Mgiddo. Looting of silvr thy did not tak!...thy took no goods nor mony. Kings st thmslvs in array, thn th kings of Chanaan fought in Thanaach at th watr of Magddo; thy took no gift of mony. Th Latin, Syriac and Hbrw ar in almost complt agrmnt; th last lin xprsss th sam sntimnt for all 3 txts, but in diffrnt wos. Thought-for-thought translations; paraphrass: In th Grk, th kings st thmslvs up in [battl] array; in th othr languags, thy com and fight. CEV NLT Canaanit kings fought us at Taanach by th stram nar Mgiddo -- but thy couldn't rob us of our silvr. Th kings of Canaan fought at Taanach nar Mgiddo s springs, but thy carrid off no trasurs of battl.

112 Judgs Chaptr Mostly litral rndrings (with som occasional paraphrasing): God s Wo HCSB JPS (Tanakh) Kings cam and fought. Thn th kings of Canaan fought. Thy fought at Taanach by th watrs of Mgiddo. But thy didn't carry off any rich loot. Kings cam and fought. Thn th kings of Canaan fought at Taanach by th watrs of Mgiddo, but thy took no spoil of silvr. Thn th kings cam, thy fought: Th kings of Canaan fought At Taanach, by Mgiddo s watrs Thy got no spoil of silvr. Litral, almost wo-for-wo, rndrings: ESV MKJV Young s Updatd LT "Th kings cam, thy fought; thn fought th kings of Canaan, at Taanach, by th watrs of Mgiddo; thy got no spoils of silvr. Kings cam and fought. Thn th kings of Canaan fought in Taanach by th watrs of Mgiddo. Thy took no gain of silvr. Kings cam thy fought; Thn th kings of Canaan fought, In Taanach, by th watrs of Mgiddo; thy did not tak a gain of mony [in or to fight]! What is th gist of this vrs? Canaanit kings cam and Isral fought thm; thir war is for fom, not for mony. Judgs 5:19a Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs bôw (à ) [pronouncd boh] to com in, to com, to go in, to go, to ntr 3 prson masculin plural, Qal prfct Strong s #935 BDB #97 mlk ( ì î ) [pronouncd MEH-lk] king, rulr, princ masculin plural noun Strong s #4428 BDB #572 lâcham (íçç È ì) [pronouncd law- KHAHM] to ngag in battl, to ngag in war, to wag war; to fight, to battl 3 prson plural, Niphal prfct; pausal form Strong s #3898 BDB #535 Translation: Kings cam in thy fought;... Thr ar apparntly svral Canaanit groups; and it appars as though city-stats may hav bn th o r d r o f th day; that is, ach city had a diffrnt rulr, and, apparntly, Canaanits controlld svral citis insid th Land of Promis. Whn Barak clarly dfatd Jabin and Sisra, apparntly othr Canaanit kings cam to oppos Isral. Arabic nations which surround Isral hat Jws not vry Arab, obviously, but thr ar hug numbrs of Arabs who absolutly dspis Jws; and so it was at that tim. God s popl ar going to b dspisd in th dvil s world. Whn thy appa as though thy would brak th shackls of Jabin, othr Canaanit kings cam to assist him. Thr is a grat dal of vidnc to indicat that this war was not ovr in on battl. W hav th assistanc of othr tribs from Isral, and hr w hav othr Canaanit kings joining in th fight. What I nd to do is to mak this compltly clar.

113 Th Book of th Judgs 817 Isral s War Against th Canaanits was not Compltd in on Battl Barak s Initial Battl with th Canaanits Thr is on king and on commandr mntiond: Jabin and Sisra. Judgs 4:2 Barak chargs down from Mount Tabor against th Canaanits; thy rtrat wstwa. Judgs 4:11 19 Th tribs of Naphtali and Zbulun ar involvd in th battl against th Canaanits. Judgs 4:6 Th War with th Canaanits is Continud Othr Canaanit kings ar said to b involvd in th war. Judgs 5:19 Additional fighting taks plac in Taanach nar th watrs of Mgiddo. Judgs 5:19 Ephraim, Bnjamin, a portion of Manassh, and Issachar join in th fray. Judgs 5:14 15 Barak s first battl against th Canaanits was dcisiv, and compltd routd what appars to b th main Canaanit army. Although th Canaanit kings apparntly com in to push down th Isralis, additional tribs of Isral also join up with Zbulun and Naphtali. Rturn to Chaptr Outlin Rturn to Charts, Maps and Short Doctrins Judgs 5:19b Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs wa (or va) ( åç) [pronouncd wah] and so, and thn, thn, and; so, that, yt, thrfor; bcaus wâw conscutiv No Strong s # BDB #253 âz (æ àè ) [pronouncd awz] thn, at that tim, in that cas (whn following an if or though), now, as things ar; that bing so advrb Strong s #227 BDB #23 lâcham (íçç È ì) [pronouncd law- KHAHM] to ngag in battl, to ngag in war, to wag war; to fight, to battl 3 prson plural, Niphal prfct Strong s #3898 BDB #535 mlk ( ì î ) [pronouncd MEH-lk] king, rulr, princ masculin plural construct Strong s #4428 BDB #572 n a an (ïò ð ) K - - [pronouncd k NAH- ìahn] which possibly mans mrchant and is translitratd Canaan masculin propr noun; trritory Strong s #3667 BDB #488 h b ( ) [pronouncd b ] Ó in, into, at, by, nar, on, with, bfor, upon, against, by mans of, among, within a prposition of proximity No Strong s # BDB #88 Ta nâk ( ð Èò - ) [pronouncd tahì - NAWK] translitratd Taanach propr noun; location Strong s #8590 BDB #1073 al (ì òç ) [pronouncd ìahl ] upon, byond, on, against, abov, ovr, by, bsid prposition of proximity Strong s #5921 BDB #752 mayim (í é îç ò ) [pronouncd MAH-yim] watr, watrs masculin plural construct Strong's #4325 BDB #565

114 Judgs Chaptr Judgs 5:19b Hbrw/Pronunciation Common English Manings Nots/Morphology Numbrs M giddôwn (ï âòî) [pronouncd m g-ihd- DOHN] translitratd Mgiddo propr noun; location Strong s #4023 BDB #151 hr, it is splld Mgiddôw ( âòî) [pronouncd mh-gihd-doh]. Translation:...thn thy fought kings of Canaan in Taanach byond th watrs of Mgiddo. In btwn th rpat of th vrb fought, w hav th advrb thn, at that tim. Isral had facd svral coalitions in th past; in Joshua 11:5, w rad: So all of ths kings, having ag to mt, cam and ncampd togthr at th watrs of Mrom, to fight against Isral. In this vrs, although w ar givn but spars information, apparntly Sisra did not strik Isral alon, but was mt by a coalition of Canaanit armis. Considring that Isral had 10,000 mn and that Sisra had 900 chariots, h crtainly gath outsid forcs for this battl. All of this forshadows th grat war which is to com: And I saw coming out of th mouth of th dragon and out of th mouth of th bast and out of th mouth of th fals propht, thr unclan spirits lik frogs; for thy ar spirits of dmons, prforming signs; which spirits gos out to th kings of th whol world, to gathr thm togthr for th war of th grat day of God, th Almighty. And thy gath thm togthr to th plac which, in th Hbrw, is calld Har-Magdon (or, Mount Magdon) (Rv. 16:13 14, 16). Taanach and Mgiddo wr fiv mils apart in a lin of citis on th northrn sid of th grat plains of Jzrl during th tim of th judgs which rmaind unconqu by Isral throughout th tim priod of th judgs (Joshua 17:11 Judgs 1:27). In fact, now might b a good tim to xamin in dtail th Doctrin of th City of Mgiddo. Although I hav gon into much gratr dtail in th actual doctrin, what follows is a summary of that doctrin. A Summary of th Doctrin of Mgiddo Topic Information Location: Mgiddo is locatd roughly btwn Manassh, Issachar, Ashr and Zbulun, abov th Jzrl Vally, as can b sn on th map. Takn from

115 Th Book of th Judgs 819 A Summary of th Doctrin of Mgiddo Topic Information Scond Map From w w.anova.org/sv/atlas/htm/039.htm; shown hr so that you can s Mgiddo in rlation to th tribs of Isral. 87 Th Hyksos dominatd this city during th 18 17th cnturis B.C. Thy apparntly had an uppr and a lowr city, th lattr bing, a suburb of Mgiddo. Pr -Isra li History: Th famous battl btwn th Syrian stats and Thutmos III, circa 1500 B.C., took plac hr. Th NIV Study Bibl calls it 1468 B.C. and says that Thutmos III dfatd a Canaanit coalition. Thr is such a grat amount of dtail givn this battl in ancint litratur as to provid th starting point for th history of military scinc. 88 W hav xtnsiv information from th El-Amarna priod of Mgiddo, including a trasur which was hiddn undr th floor of a palac and a portion of a tablt with a fw lins from th Gilgamsh Epic has bn found. This would hav bn around th tim that Joshua nt into th land of Canaan and bgan to conqur it. S c r i p t u r Rfrncs History During Joshua s Tim Joshua 12:21 17:11 Judgs 1:27 5:19 1Kings 4:12 9:15 2Kings 9:27 23:29, 30 1Chron. 7:29 2Chron. 35:22 Zch. 12:11 Mgiddo is on of th citis conqu by Isral whn thy movd into th northrn portion of Palstin. W do not hav many dtails of th northrn campaign of Joshua and Mgiddo is not mntiond at all spcifically in Joshua s northrn campaign (Joshua 11). Howvr, Joshua did conqur th king of Mgiddo, as is tstifid to in Joshua 12:21, th first Scriptural rfrnc to Mgiddo. This northrn campaign took approximatly six yars, and thn som tim was spnt dividing up th land. This too plac during th Iron Ag. 87 Ths would b lvls XII X. 88 Th Nw Scofild Rfrnc Bibl; Dr. C.I. Scofild; 1967 Nw York Oxfo Univrsity Prss; p Dtails of that battl, including a pictur ds cribing troop movmnt can b found in Th Zondrvan Pictorial Encyclopdia of th Bibl; 1976; Vol. 4, pp