Ancient India and China
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1 Ancient India and China
2 The Subcontinent Huge peninsula Pushes out into the Indian Ocean India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal, Bhutan, Sri Lanka
3 Himalaya Hindu Kush Eastern and Western Ghats Mountains
4 Rivers Ganges Indus Brahmaputra
5 Regions Indo-Gangetic Plain; aka the Northern Plain Deccan Plateau Coastal Plains
6 Monsoons Seasonal wind that dominates the climate of South Asia Flooding in Calcutta (NYT 7/6/07) Flooding on the Brahmaputra
7 Indus River Valley Civilization BC Well organized government Cities are Mohenjo- Daro and Harappa Grid; streets, houses plumbing, sewers, warehouses Farming; trading; polytheistic
8 Mohenjo-Daro
9 Street Scenes
10 Arrival of the Aryans 1500 BC Aryans migrate into the valley No cities, no physical remains; Iron weapons and tools Nomads who turn to farming Social groups ranked by occupation
11 Aryan Social Classes Brahmins Kshatriyas Vaishyas Shudras
12 BC; What we know of the Aryans comes from this time Vedas; Hymns; Chants; Religious Rituals; Sanskrit Polytheistic The Mahabharata and the Ramayana The Vedic Age
13 No single founder, combination of Aryan and Indus Valley beliefs No single sacred text; Vedas Brahman; single spiritual force Polytheistic; Brahma, Vishnu, Shiva Hinduism
14 What You Need to Know Atman-universal self Moksha-union with Brahman Reincarnation-rebirth Karma-what goes around comes around Dharma-religious or moral duty Ahimsa-non-violence
15 Social organization Rigid Born, live, and die in it Rules to ensure social purity Stable social order Grown to include thousands of subcastes Outlawed recently Caste
16 Buddhism Siddhartha (563 BC) Hindu The birth of the Buddha Enlightened One The Four Noble Truths The Eightfold Path Nirvana
17 The Four Noble Truths All life is full of suffering, pain, and sorrow The cause of suffering is desire, aka non-virtue You must crush desire Follow the Eightfold Path
18 Basic Beliefs Hinduism Many gods Brahman Caste Priests Karma Dharma Reincarnation Buddhism No gods Nirvana No caste No priests Karma Dharma Reincarnation
19 Maurya Empire BC Chandragupta unifies northern India Taxes; roads; stateowned factories Secret police
20 The Maurya Empire
21 Ashoka 268 BC Greatest, most beloved of all rulers Converts to Buddhism; rejects violence; rules by moral example Edicts Sends missionaries
22 Ashoka s Empire
23 Ashoka s Law Code Edicts scattered in over thirty places in India, Pakistan, Afghanistan Ten rock edicts on pillars (stupas) feet tall Sanskrit; Buddhist principles dominate his laws
24 The Gupta Empire Golden Age; AD Peace and prosperity Math; medicine, physics; philosophy Arabic numerals and the decimal system Decline due to weak rulers, civil war, invaders
25 The Gupta Empire
26 Rise of Civilization in China Center of the Earth Himalayas; Gobi Desert; Rainforest; Pacific all block movement Trade with the Middle East and India Invaders All are absorbed into Chinese civilization
27 Bronze Age Dynasties Shang; BC; clan government; social classes Zhou; BC; Mandate of Heaven to justify taking control Zhou establish feudalism; money economy; population growth; expansion of empire
28 Mandate of Heaven
29 Belief Systems Confucius; BC; Siddhartha and Socrates Social order and harmony-not interested in spirituality; Analects Relationships; Superior/inferior Duties, responsibilities; filial piety; implied contract
30 Lao-zi Not interested in order of human affairs Live in harmony with nature Dao- the way of the universe Society is unnatural; government is cause of problems Daoism
31 System of Writing Begins about 4000 years ago Oracle bones Lots and lots of characters; both pictographs and ideographs Calligraphy
32 221 BC Zheng becomes Shi Huangdi the First Emperor Unifies China under the Qin Based on Legalism Burns books to quiet dissent; tortures, kills, enslaves enemies Abolishes feudalism Great Wall Strong Rulers
33 The Great Wall of China
34 More of the Great Wall
35 202 BC-220 AD Expansionist; Go into Manchuria, Korea, Vietnam, Tibet Silk Road; 4000 miles; network of trade routes from China to India to the Middle East Civil Service; wealthy; male Han Dynasty
36 By AD 100 missionaries and merchants had brought the religion to China Appealing because it offers an escape from suffering By 400 AD it had spread throughout China Buddhism
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