Ancient India. Copyright 2014 History Gal. All rights reserved.
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1 Ancient India Copyright 2014 History Gal. All rights reserved.
2 Copyright 2014 History Gal. All rights reserved. Subcontinent Includes the modern-day countries of India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh Location
3 A little About India s Geography 3 major rivers: Indus Brahmaputra Ganges Copyright 2014 History Gal. All rights reserved.
4 A little About India s Geography India s civilizations experienced monsoons or seasonal winds. Winter monsoons bring dry air and moderate temperatures. Summer monsoons bring rain from the ocean and often cause flooding. Copyright 2014 History Gal. All rights reserved.
5 Indus River Valley Civilizations Copyright 2014 History Gal. All rights reserved.
6 Harappa circa 2500 BC 1500 BC Copyright 2014 History Gal. All rights reserved.
7 Major Cities Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro Copyright 2014 History Gal. All rights reserved.
8 Cities had a citadel (fortress) overlooking each city. Cities were laid out in a grid pattern. Copyright 2014 History Gal. All rights reserved.
9 Cities had brick houses with flat wooden roofs. Houses had at least one bathroom with drains and chutes connecting to a sewer beneath the streets. Copyright 2014 History Gal. All rights reserved.
10 Harappan Life Most people worked the land. wheat cotton They grew wheat, barley, rice and cotton. Copyright 2014 History Gal. All rights reserved.
11 They planted at the beginning or end of the flood season, relying on the drenched land to provide the necessary water for the crops. rice field Food surpluses enabled people to do other work like commerce and arts. barley Copyright 2014 History Gal. All rights reserved.
12 Religion Artifacts suggest that the Harappans worshipped gods associated with natural forces. Copyright 2014 History Gal. All rights reserved.
13 Language Inscribed pictograms have been found on package seals, but have not been deciphered. Lack of written records makes it difficult to know much about the Harappans. Copyright 2014 History Gal. All rights reserved.
14 Collapse Around 1500 BC, the Harappans disappeared. Possible Reasons: - Climate change - Disease (evidence of leprosy and tuberculosis have been discovered) - Socio-economic upheaval - invasion As more artifacts are discovered, archaeologists will likely learn more about these ancient Indus River cities. Copyright 2014 History Gal. All rights reserved.
15 520 BC 321 BC Persia and Macedonia ruled over India Copyright 2014 History Gal. All rights reserved.
16 Copyright 2014 History Gal. All rights reserved. Mauryan Empire 321 BC 185 BC
17 Copyright 2014 History Gal. All rights reserved. Chandragupta Maurya After the death of Macedonian King, Alexander the Great in 323 BC, Macedonian Satraps Chandragupta Maurya began conquering the Macedonian satrapies (provinces or areas ruled by Macedonian governors) and united Northern India under his control.
18 In 321 BC, at the age of 20, Chandragupta Maurya proclaimed himself ruler of the Mauryan Empire. Copyright 2014 History Gal. All rights reserved. Throughout his reign, he continued to expand the empire through conquests and alliances. Empire in 321 BC One alliance was with Seleucus, a Macedonia satrap. To seal the alliance, Chandragupta married Seleucus s daughter and gifted Seleucus with 500 war elephants. Empire at end of reign
19 Copyright 2014 History Gal. All rights reserved. He kept control over the empire by maintaining a strong army. According to Ancient Roman historian Pliny, his army consisted of 600,000 infantry, 30,000 cavalry, 9,000 war elephants. He also used an extensive spy network.
20 Other Accomplishments He established a bureaucracy. He established standardized weights and measures. He established standards for physicians. At the age of 42, he gave the throne to his son. He became a Jain ascetic (someone who abstains from any self-indulgence) and died completing the religious ritual of suicide by fasting to achieve moksha (release from reincarnation).
21 Copyright 2014 History Gal. All rights reserved. Ashoka 270 BC 232 BC He was Chandragupta Maurya s grandson. He built an empire that covered 2/3 of the Indian subcontinent. Empire under Ashoka
22 Ashoka s Rock Edicts The Rock Edicts were laws written in local languages so people could read them.
23 After viewing the horrors of war, Ashoka announced he would follow the teachings of Buddha and he became a man of peace. During his rule, Buddhism spread throughout India and other parts of Asia. Ashoka Chakra, a symbol representing Buddhism that was used by Ashoka
24 Copyright 2014 History Gal. All rights reserved. Mauryan Empire declined after the death of Ashoka. In 184 BC, the last Mauryan emperor was murdered and India split into warring kingdoms.
25 Copyright 2014 History Gal. All rights reserved. Gupta Empire 350 AD 550 AD
26 Copyright 2014 History Gal. All rights reserved. Chandragupta I AD Chandragupta (no known relation to the previous rulers of the same name) created the Gupta Empire. He used whatever means necessary to remain in control.
27 Copyright 2014 History Gal. All rights reserved. Hindu god Vishnu During the rule of Chandragupta 1 Arts and sciences flourished. Hinduism became the dominate religion.
28 Copyright 2014 History Gal. All rights reserved. Chandragupta II AD He eased tax burdens. Art and sciences continued to flourish. The empire weakened after his death and eventually collapsed in 550 AD. Iron pillar of Delhi, erected by Chandragupta II after his victory against Vihilakas honors the Hindu god Vishnu. It has stood for more than 1600 years without rusting or decomposing
29 Copyright 2014 History Gal. All rights reserved. Life and Culture in Ancient India
30 Copyright 2014 History Gal. All rights reserved. Economy Goods were carried overland by camels and then again by boat on the Nile River to Alexandria Trade From Alexandria, the goods reached the Roman Empire Monsoon winds took ships from India to Egypt
31 Copyright 2014 History Gal. All rights reserved. Society People were born into a caste. They could not move into a different caste. Laws dictated what each caste could and could not do. Caste System Brahmins Priests, scholars Kshatriya Warrior and rulers Vaishya Merchants, landowners Sudra Commoners, peasants, laborers, servants Dalit, Untouchable Performed unclean jobs like Street sweepers, waste handlers, dead body handlers
32 Copyright 2014 History Gal. All rights reserved. Role of Women Women had to obey their father, husband, or son. They could not own property or study sacred writings. Their husbands were allowed to practice polygyny, which means men could have more than one wife. When their husband died, wives committed suttee or the practice of committing suicide by throwing themselves on their dead husband s burning body.
33 Education Only boys in the upper castes were educated. Copyright 2014 History Gal. All rights reserved. They studied great epics, astronomy, math, warfare, and governments. From the Panchatantra
34 Achievements Panchatantra collection of fables Math abstract and negative numbers, algebra Astronomy identified 7 planets, understood the rotation of the earth, and predicted sun and moon eclipses Copyright 2014 History Gal. All rights reserved. Medicine set bones, evidence of plastic surgery, had free hospitals, knew about the need for cleanliness and disinfections, had a small pox vaccine Inoculation - the practice of infecting a person with a mild form of the disease so they will not become ill from the more serious form
35 Copyright 2014 History Gal. All rights reserved. Religions that Originated in India
36 Copyright 2014 History Gal. All rights reserved. Hinduism A combination of different beliefs and practices Polytheistic
37 Copyright 2014 History Gal. All rights reserved. Sacred Books and Text Vedas sacred works of Hindu religious literature Upanishads ( BC) contains Hindu beliefs
38 Copyright 2014 History Gal. All rights reserved. Important Terms Reincarnation rebirth of the soul continues until a person reached spiritual perfection Cycle of rebirth is determined by karma. Karma how a person lives determines what form the person will take in the next life (good actions means a soul will be reborn to a higher caste in next life, bad actions means a soul will be reborn in a lower caste in the next life)
39 Copyright 2014 History Gal. All rights reserved. More Important Terms Dharma correct actions for one s class, helps achieve karma Ahimsa non-violence, requires the believer to protect humans, animals, insects, even plants Moksha release from the pain and suffering of rebirth and becoming one with the universal spirit, only Brahmins can achieve this
40 Copyright 2014 History Gal. All rights reserved. Buddhism
41 How Buddhism was Founded In 563 BC, Siddhartha Gautama was born in luxury and raised as a price. He was shielded from sickness and death. One day, as Gautama s charioteer was driving him around, he encountered sickness, old age, and death for the first time. He decided to find out what people suffered and how it could end. At the age of 29, he left his wife and newborn son and began his search. He wandered throughout India for about 7 years and while meditating, he gained the answer and began sharing it. Copyright 2014 History Gal. All rights reserved.
42 Copyright 2014 History Gal. All rights reserved. 4 Noble Truths 1. All people suffer and know sorrow. 2. Desires cause suffering (in other words, people suffer because they try to get things they cannot have). 3. End suffering by eliminating desires. 4. Eliminate desire by following the Eightfold Path.
43 Eightfold Path 1. Know truth 2. Resist evil 3. Say nothing to hurt others 4. Respect life 5. Work for the good of others 6. Free mind from evil 7. Control your thoughts 8. Practice meditation By following the Eightfold Path, a person could achieve nirvana. Nirvana is the freedom from reincarnation and being at one with the universe. Anyone regardless of class could achieve nirvana. Copyright 2014 History Gal. All rights reserved.
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