Years after the birth of Jesus Christ are called A.D.

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1 1. Counting the time We talk about the past in numbers of years: The year 1 is the year Jesus was born: Years before the birth of Jesus Christ are called B.C. Years after the birth of Jesus Christ are called A.D. In history we count years in hundreds. (100 years= 1 century) Year Belongs to the th century th Example: century th century 1

2 2. Prehistory It s the oldest period in history. It started 5 million years ago. It finished when writing was invented. Characteristics: a) People lived in caves. b) People made clothes with animal skins. c) People hunted and fished. d) People collected wild plants and fruit to eat. e) People didn t write or read. We know about their lives from their cave paintings and tools. Cave paintings f) They discovered important things: 1 st They discovered fire. Tools 2 nd Later they invented the wheel. 3 rd Finally they ivented writing. This was the end of Prehistory. 2

3 3. AncientHistory It started when people invented writing (about B.C) It finished with the end of the Roman Empire, in 476 A.D Characteristics: a) The first civilizations appeared. - The most important ones were the Greeks and the Romans. b) The first cities also appeared. Greeks They come to the Iberian Peninsula and called it Iberia. They invented Democracy (government by the people) They start trading (selling and buying things): - They invented coins. They invented the Olympic Games. They believed in many gods. They made beautiful buildings and sculptures. Parthenon in Greece 3

4 Romans They come to the Iberian Peninsula in 218 B.C. and called it Hispania. They conquered many lands in Europe and Africa. -The end of the Roman Empire took place in 476 A.D. They built many cities and roads. They built aqueducts (to carry water to cities). Aqueduct in Segovia They invented a language called Latin. Spanish comes from Latin. They had some similarities with Greek Civilization: -They trade. -They made beautiful buildings and sculptures. -They believed in many gods. 4

5 4. Middle Ages The Middle Ages started in 476 A.D. Characteristics: In the 8 th century, Muslims conquered the south of Spain: they called it Al-Andalus. In the north of Spain there were small Christian Kingdoms. a) Christian kingdoms The king and the nobles lived in castles: - They had soldiers and servants. The Church was very important: -They were priest and monks. Most people were poor peasants. 5

6 b) Al-Andalus: Muslims and Christians lived in AlAndalus. There wer lots of artist and merchants. They built mosques, the place were Muslims pray. Mezquita de Córdoba They also built palaces as the Alhambra, in Granada. La Alhambra (Granada) The Christian Kingdoms slowly conquered Al- Andalus. This process was called, the Recoquista. In 1492, Christians conquered Granada (the last muslim Kingdom). This was the end of the Middle Ages. 6

7 5. The Early Modern Ages. It started in 1492, when Cristobal Colón discovered America. Characteristics: a) Explorers sailed around the world and discovered many places. b) The printing press was invented in 15 th century. c) The explorers made better maps with the compass. d) Two famous writers lived in this period: Spanish writer: Miguel de Cervantes; who wrote Don Quijote de la Mancha English writer: William Shakespeare; who wrote Romeo and Juliet 7

8 In Spain, this period was called The Golden Age.It was an important time for art and literature; painter Diego De Velázquez lived then. Las Meninas by D.Velázquez Spain conquered many lands in America, Asia and Africa. It was a big empire. This period ended in 1789 with the French Revolution. French people decided they didn t want a king anymore and they started a war against their king. 8

9 6. Modern Ages. The Modern Ages started in In the 19 th century there was the Industrial Revolution. In this period, there were lots of inventions and changes: a) Steam trains: people and products could move around more quickly than before. b) Factories appeared. They used machines to make lots of products. c) Rich people owned the factories. They lived in big and comfortable houses. They had servants. Children in rich families went to school. d) Ordinary people worked in the factories. They lived in small and uncomfortable houses. Children worked in the factories too. 9

10 In the 20 th century people s lives were better and more comfortable. Characteristics: a) They had machines for washing clothes, cooking and cleaning. b) Car, buses and planes were invented. c) Entertainment changed because the cinema, the radio and the television were invented. People at the cinema A family listening to the radio 10

11 WORD BANK Hunt: cazar Cave paintings: pinturasrupestres Tool: herramienta Civilization: civilización Democrazy: democracia Trade: comercio Coins: monedas Gods: dioses Sculptures: esculturas Aqueducts: acueductos Muslim: musulmán Christian Kingdoms: reinos cristianos Noble: noble Soldier: soldado Priest: cura Monk: monje Peasant: campesino Merechants: mercaderes Mosque: mezquita 11

12 Explorer: explorador Printing press: imprenta Compass: brújula Golden Age: Edad dorada. Empire: imperio French Revolution: revolución francesa. Industrial Revolution: revolución industrial Steam train: tren de vapor Factory: fábrica Machine: máquina Entertainment: entretenimiento 12