A Light to the Nations

Transcription

1 Chapter 1 A Light to the Nations List the names and symbols of the four evangelists: Name Symbol Herod, the King of Judea, B.C. 1. In what way was Herod great? 2. What did Herod s subjects call him? Why? 10

2 A Divided People 1. Fill in the blanks: a. The were descended from the ten northern tribes of the kingdom of Israel, which had been destroyed by the Assyrians five hundred years before. b. The Samaritans claimed that only the Torah, the five books of the Law (Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy) were. c. By Herod s time, the Samaritans were a and oppressed group. d. The Jews were united in that they all worshipped at the Temple, yet they were divided into two major religious groups with political as well as religious differences: the and Pharisees. 2. On the map of Roman-era Palestine below, label these locations/bodies of water: Damascus Judea Samaria Mediterranean Sea Sea of Galilee Nazareth 11

3 3. Give brief descriptions of the two major religious groups within Judaism: a. Sadducees b. Pharisees The Birth of Jesus Write short answers to the following questions: a. What year was Our Lord Jesus the Christ born, according to St. Luke? b. Describe the conditions of his birth. c. Why did Mary and Joseph go to Bethlehem? d. What is the Hebrew form of the name, Jesus? What does it mean? 12

4 Jesus Infancy and Hidden Life Complete the crossword puzzle: Across 1. The had come to find the promised child the king of the Jews (Matthew 2:1 12). 3. The magi did find the child, but they to their homes without going back to tell Herod. 4. King feared people were plotting against him to seize his throne. 5. Joseph and Mary again journeyed to when Jesus was twelve years old, to make the pilgrimage all Jews made at least once in their lives. 9. Joseph and Mary discovered their son was. Down 1. Herod ordered all babies in Bethlehem killed (Matthew 2:16 18) to be sure that the prophesied king should be destroyed. 2. The magi told Herod the prophecies had named as the site of the birth of the infant king. 6. The Holy eventually returned to Nazareth in Galilee, where they lived a normal, unremarkable life. 7. When Herod heard of the birth of an infant king of the Jews, he wanted to the child. 8. Warned by an angel in a dream, Joseph took his wife and the child down to in order to escape Herod s wrath. 13

5 2. When they returned to Jerusalem, Mary and Joseph found Jesus, still in the Temple, talking with a group of learned men about the things of God. What did Jesus say to them? 3. In the brackets, write the letter of the term matching the description at right: a. Romans [ ] same as governor b. Judea and Galilee [ ] two territories of Herod s kingdom c. Herod Archelaus [ ] divided Herod s kingdom into two territories d. Procurator [ ] form of Jewish self-government directed by the Jewish high priest e. Sanhedrin [ ] ruled four districts as Rome s agent, or tetrarch f. Herod Antipas [ ] proved too incompetent to keep the peace 4. Write short answers to the following questions: a. Who ruled the territory where Joseph and his family lived? b. What are some things the boy Jesus must have done while growing up in Galilee? 14

6 Jesus Public Life and Ministry Write short answers to the following questions: a. What was the name of the Jewish prophet and preacher who called on all Jews to repent of their sins and be baptized? b. What did he teach? c. By submitting to baptism, what was Jesus doing? d. When Jesus came up out of the water, a voice from heaven declared: e. What did Jesus do after his baptism? f. What was his first miracle? 15

7 The Death of John the Baptist Explain who was ultimately responsible for John s death: Jesus Calls the Twelve Fill in the blanks: a. Jesus selected twelve as his closest companions. b. Jesus preached to and explained that the Law of God was a law of love love of neighbor and of God. c. Jesus taught that true righteousness is mercy and kindness, not just to the rules. d. He worked wonders and miracles that cured the sick, and he commanded the forces of. e. He began to be known as a miracle worker as well as a teacher with. 16

8 The Teachings of Jesus Complete the crossword puzzle: Across 2. Jesus said, Man was not made for the ; the Sabbath was made for man (Mark 2:27). 4. Jesus teaching that the of God and neighbor is the primary message behind the Law and the prophets was a familiar teaching in the Jewish tradition. 5. Jesus powerful and personality drew many to Him in friendship. 6. The of sins was a focal point of Jesus ministry. 9. Jesus answered the question --- who is our neighbor? --- with the parable of the Good. Down 1. Jesus taught that we must love our enemies and pray for those who us. 3. His example moved others to find the behind the Law. 6. Jesus told his to forgive the sins others commit against them. 7. Jesus forgave sins and accepted the repentant sinner back into the company of the. 8. Be not afraid, Jesus said, not a falls but that the Father sees it. You are more valuable than sparrows and will not be forgotten before God (Luke 12:7). 17

9 Jesus the Messiah, Son of the Father How did the Jewish expectations of a Messiah not match up with Jesus revelation of who he was? Jesus Passion 1. Number the events in the order in which they happened: a. [ ] On the first day of the week before Passover, Jesus entered the city. b. [ ] After his arrest, Jesus was taken to the palace of Caiaphas, then to the Roman governor. c. [ ] On the Thursday before the Passover, Jesus and his closest disciples celebrated the Passover together. d. [ ] Judas Iscariot lead the guards to arrest Jesus privately so that his arrest would not provoke a riot. e. [ ] After the supper, Jesus went with his disciples to a public garden on the Mount of Olives, east of the city. f. [ ] The people, throwing down their cloaks and palm branches as a sign of reverence, cried out to Jesus, Hosanna to the Son of David ; it was a scene which disturbed the Temple officials. 18

10 2. Complete each frame to retell Our Lord s Passion and Death: 19

11 Jesus Resurrection and Ascension 1. Write short answers to the following questions: a. Why did Jesus have to be hastily buried? b. Why did the chief priests and Pharisees set a guard by the tomb? c. What happened in the early morning on Easter Sunday? d. What did the angel say to the two Marys? e. Who were the two apostles who first believed in the resurrection? f. How did Jesus prove that he had truly returned to life (and was not a disembodied ghost)? g. Who was absent from that meeting? What did he say when he met Jesus later? 20

12 2. What did Jesus say to the apostles before He ascended into heaven? Pentecost and the Jerusalem Church Draw, or create with words, a simple picture of what happened at Pentecost: 21

13 The Twelve Apostles 1. In the brackets, write the letter of the term matching the description at right: a. Judas Iscariot [ ] was a son of Zebedee b. Matthias [ ] named by the apostles to fill the twelfth place c. Simon Peter [ ] had been a member a rebel band d. Andrew [ ] was Simon Peter s brother e. James [ ] called one of the sons of thunder f. John [ ] earned the title of traitor g. Simon the Zealot [ ] was head of the apostles, yet began as a humble fisherman 2. Circle the word or phrase that correctly completes each statement: a. The (Eleven/Twelve) were all sinful men and unimportant peasants, but in their new faith they found the strength to be great heroes and saints. b. Mary was one of the many women included in the group of (bishops/disciples). c. All generations shall call me blessed, says the (Magnificat/Salve Regina) (Luke 1: 46 55), Mary s hymn of joy praising the great things that God has done out of love for the human race. d. To His disciples, men and women alike, (Peter/Jesus) entrusted the deepest mysteries of the religious life: incarnation, forgiveness of sins, and resurrection. e. At first, after Jesus ascension, the disciples stayed in the city of (Jerusalem/Rome). 22

14 The Twelve List the twelve apostles: The First Martyr 1. In the brackets, write the letter of the term matching the description at right: a. Cornelius [ ] Roman citizen baptized by Peter b. deacons [ ] first day of the Jewish week c. Eucharist [ ] name comes from the Greek diakonos, meaning servant d. Sunday [ ] Christians common meal 2. Describe the circumstances of the first martyrdom 23

15 The Life and Journeys of St. Paul Fill in the blanks: a. Saul was a, a learned and respected teacher of the Law. b. He was from the city of in Asia Minor, and he had studied at Jerusalem with great teachers of the Pharisees. c. Saul was a citizen, with the right to travel throughout the Roman Empire. d. Saul watched the stoning of without protest and sympathized with the Jewish authorities. e. Saul volunteered to take the orders from the Jerusalem authorities to the Jewish leaders of in Syria. Saul Becomes Paul 1. On the road to Damascus, Saul heard a voice. What did it tell him? 2. Number the events in the order in which they happened: a. [ ] After Saul could see again, he began speaking in the synagogues of Damascus about Jesus as the promised Messiah. b. [ ] The Christians in Damascus baptized him and tended him until his sight was miraculously restored. c. [ ] Following Jesus instructions given to him in his vision, Saul went on to Damascus. d. [ ] Over the next thirty years, Paul traveled thousands of miles, winning converts among both Jews and Gentiles and establishing churches everywhere. e. [ ] He began to use his Roman name, Paul, rather than his Hebrew name, Saul. Paul called himself an apostle, just like the Twelve, or the least of the apostles. f. [ ] For three days Saul could see nothing, and he ate and drank nothing. 24

16 3. Explain how the Epistles we read today came to be written and preserved: 4. On the map of the Journeys of Paul, label the names of the places where he established churches to which he later wrote his famous Epistles. Thessalonia Corinth Ephesus Philippi 25

17 The Epistles List the titles of St. Paul s Epistles: The Teachings of St. Paul Complete the crossword puzzle: Across 1. Paul taught that Jesus sacrifice on the cross brought salvation to all mankind, not just the people. 4. Paul returned to about A.D Paul claimed his rights as a Roman and asked to be sent directly to the emperor in Rome. 6. Paul taught that is a free gift of God s grace through faith in Christ. 7. Everywhere he went, Paul s missionary work brought him into conflict with the Jewish authorities and sometimes with the. 8. He was off the coast of Malta, where he spent some time at liberty. Down 1. Paul made three long. 3. Paul witnessed to the love of. 2. Paul s made him enemies. 26

18 Peter and Paul Martyred Write short answers to the following questions: a. Who were the two most prominent and important figures in the early years of the Church? b. Describe their main roles. c. What happened in A.D. 68 in Rome? Whom did Nero blame? d. How did Paul die? e. How did Peter die? f. Where are both buried today? Jesus Gifts to Civilization Reflect on this paragraph of the textbook and explain in your own words what you understand as the most important gift Jesus brought to the world. 27

19 Chapter 2 Fill in the blanks: Emperors and Madmen a., master of the civilized world, died on August 19, A.D. 14. b. The Roman Empire ruled by Augustus included. c. The Roman state had been a republic for centuries. It was ruled by a body of prominent men, called the, and administered by various officials. d. As it spread east, west, and south across the Mediterranean world, the republic grew incapable of keeping. e. Julius Caesar was a brilliant and the hero of the common people of Rome. He was named for life. Fearing Caesar would make himself king, his enemies him. The Principate 1. Write short answers to the following questions: a. What was Augustus' name? b. What does Triumvirate mean? c. As sole ruler of the empire, what was Octavian s purpose in setting up a new government? d. What does the title Augustus mean? 28

20 2. Give a brief description of the Roman system of government known as the principate: 3. The map below shows the extent of the Roman Empire in A.D. 117; correctly fill in the boxes with the names of these countries: Spain Gaul Britain Egypt Syria 29

21 4. List two main reasons the empire was so successful in keeping peace in the Mediterranean world for 300 years: 5. Fill in the blanks to complete these verses from the Aeneid: 6. Circle the word or phrase that correctly completes each statement: a. The power and wealth in the hands of Augustus s successors (corrupted/strengthened) them. b. Lifelong (bureaucrats/poets) maintained the principate. They did more real work of government than the emperors. c. In the years after Augustus, a shocking gulf widened between rich and poor, and with this gulf came anger, (despair/hope), and emptiness. d. The Christian message of forgiveness, love, and hope spread across the Roman world in only a few (decades/centuries). The new Christian faith and its message was the answer long awaited by a civilized yet empty world. e. By about A.D. 30, only 50 years after the death of Jesus, the Christian Church had grown from a few loyal Jewish disciples to an international and non-jewish church, with assemblies and houses of prayer all over the (Asian/Mediterranean) world. f. The new Christian (faith/army) had its order of worship and its recognized ministry of leaders, who were successors of the first apostles. It also reformed the lives of individuals through their acceptance of Jesus as Lord and Savior. 30

22 The Reign of the Julians 1. In the brackets, write the letter of the term matching the description at right: a. Tiberius Claudius Nero [ ] called the Julians b. Tiberius [ ] adopted heir of Julius Caesar c. Augustus [ ] acknowledged as a brilliant general d. Augustus heirs [ ] adopted by Augustus e. Julians [ ] held the principate from 4 B.C. to A.D Who were the two great rulers and the two moral criminals the Julian family would give Rome? The Unwilling Emperor Write short answers to the following questions: a. Why did Tiberius accept the principate? b. How did he govern from the Isle of Capri? c. What happened to Jesus during the principate of Tiberius? d. At the time of Tiberius death, what was happening to the new Christian Church? 31

23 Little Boots Number the events in the order in which they happened: a. [ ] Tiberius passed his wealth and power to his nephew, Gaius. b. [ ] The Praetorian Guard assassinated Caligula after his brief four-year reign. c. [ ] The Senate plotted to kill Caligula, and the army looked for someone to succeed him as emperor. d. [ ] Gaius grew up in military camps; the soldiers gave the boy the nickname Caligula. e. [ ] Caligula became emperor in A.D. 37 at the age of 25, but he soon proved he was unfit for the task of ruling. The Able Fool 1. Describe Claudius physical appearance: 2. In what ways did he surprise both the Praetorians and the Senate? 32

24 The Last of the Julians Complete the crossword puzzle: Across 3. During the first five years of Nero s reign, the imperial government protected people in the provinces from and lowered taxes. 4. Nero at first earned the goodwill of the Roman people and the Senate under the guidance of, his tutor. 7. The greatest of the Roman, Livy, completed his work during Nero s reign. Down 1. He had his and wife murdered. 2. He tried to revive the age of Augustus poets and thinkers by encouraging the best writers and statesmen of his time to move to Rome and give their works to the empire. 5. Nero had a deep interest in the arts and learning and thought himself a great. 6. Nero soon began to show a side to his character. 33

25 The Great Fire and Persecution Number the events in the order in which they happened: a. [ ] Nero worked hard to help those whose possessions the fire had destroyed and to rebuild housing for the poor. b. [ ] Nero built a large and glorious palace for himself atop the Palatine hill. c. [ ] Petronius Arbiter killed himself before Nero could arrest him. d. [ ] The emperor s suspicions forced his old tutor, Seneca, to commit suicide. e. [ ] A terrible fire broke out in the crowded tenements of Rome. f. [ ] Nero blamed the fire on the new sect of Christians and the Jewish residents of the city. g. [ ] Officials carried out this first imperial persecution of Christians amid lavish theatrical displays and public distributions of wine and bread. Year of the Four Emperors Who were the four emperors who ruled during the period from A.D. 68 to 69? 34

26 The Flavians 1. Describe Flavius Vespasian s origins and character. 2. Write short answers to the following questions: a. What did Vespasian try to restore? b. What was one of the major rebellions Vespasian and his son faced? c. In the beginning, what kind of leader was Emperor Domitian? d. How did he change? The Good Emperors How did Trajan come to be emperor? 35

27 The Best Emperor Below, fill in the bubbles with facts about Trajan: 36

28 Law Reformer, Patron of the Arts, Warrior 1. Fill in the blanks: a. was Trajan s nearest male relative and the governor of Syria; he was also recognized as the next. b. Hadrian was a ruler and a patron of the arts. c. Hadrian instituted just and humane, including laws that protected. d. Hadrian also abandoned the territories conquered by Trajan east of the River. e. Hadrian brought the imperial armies of the East and West under his sole. f. He set up strong fortifications where there were no border defenses, such as mountains and rivers. g. In Britain he built a wall across the island to keep out the wild Picts of. 2. Describe what happened when Hadrian ordered the rebuilding of Jerusalem in about the year 130: 37

29 3. In the brackets, write the letter of the term matching the description at right: a. Castel Sant Angelo [ ] had no son of his own b. Hadrian [ ] was respected for his upright life c. Titus Aurelius Antoninus [ ] a well-constructed tomb that became a fortress in the Middle Ages d. Marcus Aurelius [ ] sixteen-year-old youth adopted by Titus Aurelius The Pious Emperor Circle the word or phrase that correctly completes each statement: a. One of Antoninus' first acts after becoming emperor was to persuade the Senate to proclaim Hadrian a (god/king). b. Antoninus received the title (all-merciful/pius), meaning affectionately dutiful. c. Antoninus Pius reign was a time of (sorrow/prosperity) and peace. d. He built a new wall in (Britain/Gaul) to the north of Hadrian s, thus making the lowlands of Scotland part of Roman territory. e. The Goths, a Germanic tribe from Scandinavia, moved south to the shores of the Black Sea and united various tribes into a great (fleet/confederacy). The Philosopher Emperor 1. Marcus Aurelius is remembered today more for his Stoic philosophy than for his leadership. What was the title of his book (which can still be found in bookstores today? 38

30 2. Explain Marcus Aurelius Stoic philosophy: Last of the Good Emperors 1. What were Commodus vices, and how did he die? The Fifty Years of the Fifty Emperors: What was the Roman Empire like under the rule of the family of the Severii, who reigned from 211 to 235? 2. What happened after the Severii? 3. Between 218 and 268, how many men different men claimed the title of emperor? 39

31 The Sassanids of Persia Defeat a Roman Emperor 1. Number the events in the order in which they happened: a. [ ] The Parthian kingdom came under the control of a new ruling family, the Sassanids. b. [ ] Persia claimed for itself all the Roman Empire s eastern territories once ruled by their Persian ancestors. c. [ ] Valerian s defeated legions straggled back carrying the bubonic plague. d. [ ] Valerian s son Gallienus did not succeed in rescuing him. e. [ ] Gallienus succumbed to the plague, after winning the bloodiest battle of the empire s history by defeating the Goths at Niš on the Balkan Peninsula. f. [ ] The Persians captured the Emperor Valerian near Edessa in Mesopotamia. g. [ ] The Germanic tribes of the north joined a confederacy organized by the Goth chieftains. 2. Explain the price of military victories such as the one against the Goths in the Balkan Peninsula. What were the repercussions for the empire? 40

32 The Reform of Diocletian Complete the crossword puzzle: Across 3. Maximian s Caesar was Constantius, who commanded Gaul and. 5. In 284, Roman troops in the eastern provinces of the empire proclaimed their general,, to be emperor. 7. Diocletian remained the supreme of the empire. 9. Diocletian built a new capital at Nicomedia on the Asian side of the strait. 11. In Gaul, made his headquarters at Trier to be near the Rhine and Britain. 13. Diocletian split each of the 50 of the empire in two, thus making 100 new provinces. Down 1. Diocletian the empire into eastern and western sections. 2. Diocletian began a reorganization of the. 4. The total military strength of the empire was now more than a half men in arms. 6. Each section of the empire was ruled by an, who had a Caesar to assist him. 8. became Augustus of the West. 10. Maximian established his at Milan. 12. It was a tremendous for the empire to feed and pay the soldiers and to keep them in armor. 41

33 The Failure of Economic Reform Why didn t Diocletian s economic reforms succeed? The New Face of the Empire After Rome s power declined and she began to lose her grip on the Mediterranean world, what would become the chief force directing the movement of history, both in the East and West? 42

34 Chapter 3 The Blood of Martyrs 1. Fill in the blanks to complete Saint Polycarp s reply to the governor who had urged him to deny Christ: The Courage of the Martyrs Fill in the blanks: a. The pagans many times would be filled with awe at the courage. b. Christians tried to be both exemplary and virtuous individuals. c. The Christians began to grow in number in the big, and this began to worry the authorities. d. Imperial law had exempted the Jews from emperor worship because of their ancient and tradition, but Christians were considered to have no excuse for disobeying the law. e. When some Christians refused to serve in the army or to kill other men, the authorities feared Christianity could undermine. 43

35 Blood of the Martyrs, Seed of the Church 1. In the brackets, write the letter of the term matching the description at right: a. Emperor Nero [ ] the first emperor to call himself a god during his own lifetime and the one who ordered the persecution of Christians as atheists because they refused to worship the Roman gods b. Emperor Domitian [ ] issued an edict that no one could be condemned merely for being a Christian c. Apostle John [ ] the region where the assault on Christians spread, with mobs torturing and killing many Christians d. Emperor Trajan [ ] exiled to the Island of Patmos in the Aegean Sea, where he received the vision that became the Apocalypse, or the Book of Revelation e. Marcus Aurelius [ ] an emperor who ushered in another wave of persecutions during his reign f. Gaul [ ] the first emperor to persecute the Christians 2. Fill in the blanks with Tertullian s assessment that the persecutions of Christians, instead of destroying the new religion and restoring the old paganism, succeeded in attracting many of the empire s people to the Faith: 44

36 The Threat of Heresy Explain heresy in your own words: Early Heretics Fill in the blanks: a. According to Gnosticism, the spirits, or, of nature try to prevent the soul s liberation and keep our spirits enslaved to do their will in the material world. b. Marcion (ca. A.D ) formed a movement, called, after him. He rewrote and edited the Scriptures, removing most of the Hebrew books and all the harsher moral passages from the Christian texts. He said the only true Gospel was Luke and rejected all but ten of the epistles of the New Testament. c. Marcion s attempt to remove all Jewish elements from the New Testament gave a record of what works the early Church recognized as part of Sacred Scripture. d. In the second century, Christian thinkers began to use Greek philosophy to help them better understand the Scriptures. Some Christians were opposed to using Greek philosophy because it was. e. Montanus was one of those who rejected the use of Greek to understand Christian revelation. f. According to Montanus, only those who lived a and ascetic life could be worthy of the sacrifice of Jesus and the love of the Father. The Montanists removed themselves from ordinary life and shunned Christians who did not keep the strict moral and theological customs of the heretical sect. 45

37 Christian Theologians Fight Heresy Complete the crossword puzzle: Across 2. Tertullian of wrote, What has Athens to do with Jerusalem? 5. According to Justin, is the Logos, the Word of God, or divine Reason itself, in human form. 7. Irenaeus work Adversus Haereses (meaning Against Heresies ) was written primarily against. Down 1. may have been the first to defend the Trinity, demonstrating that the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit are one Substance. 3. Athenagoras of argued in his writings that not only were Christian moral standards exceptionally high but that Christians also had always tried to be loyal citizens. 4. wrote a treatise against the heretic Marcion, arguing that Jesus fulfilled the prophecies of the Old Testament. 6. St. Irenaeus, the of Lyons in Gaul, was one of the greatest defenders of the Christian faith against heresy. 46

38 Founding Christian Schools Write short answers to the following questions: a. What did early Christians think that the pagan philosophy of the Greeks, if understood properly, could lead to? b. For what purpose did bishops found Christian schools in the empire s major cities? c. Where was the first catechetical school? d. Who later headed that school? e. In what other Christian centers did Christian schools flourish? Origen, Theologian and Philosopher Fill in the blanks to complete facts about Origen: 47

39 The Last Persecutions: Write short answers to the following questions: a. What had the Christian faith achieved by the first half of the third century after Christ? b. Now that the Christian faith was a respectable alternative to the official pagan religion of Rome, what dilemma faced the imperial authorities in Rome? What course of action did Rome choose? c. What did Rome celebrate in 247? d. What were the Secular Games? e. Why were Christians forbidden by their Faith to attend these shows? f. Why was the Roman Empire faltering? g. What did the Emperor Decius do to try to rebuild the morale of the empire? h. What was everyone required to obtain in Decius persecution? What would this mean for Christians? i. Was the systematic persecution of the Christians good for the empire? j. Describe what happened during the fifty years after Decius persecution: 48

40 The Long Peace Circle the word or phrase that correctly completes each statement: a. Emperor Gallienus (restored/intensified the seizing of) Christian property, and he halted persecution with an Edict of Toleration in 260. b. (Romans/Christians) called the period of some forty years that followed the edict the Long Peace. c. To support its huge armed (exploration expeditions/military campaigns), the government levied crushing taxes and confiscated private property. This ruined the middle classes, destroyed small farmers, and left the urban poor in misery and near starvation. d. As the empire began to (recover/crumble) under the succession of military emperors, the strong organization of the Christian Church stepped in to establish the order that the government could not provide. e. The Christian spirit of mutual love and brotherly charity (impressed/offended) the pagans as the well-organized Christian Church set up a miniature welfare state in an empire lacking any social services. The Great Persecution Number the events in the order in which they happened: a. [ ] So many bishops, priests, and deacons were imprisoned that the overcrowded jails and prisons could not be maintained. b. [ ] Galerius issued a further edict that commanded all men, women, and children of the empire to sacrifice to the old gods on pain of death. c. [ ] Maximinus Daia ordered everyone, regardless of sex or age, to sacrifice to the divine emperors or die. d. [ ] Diocletian fell ill. He left the powers of government in the hands of his anti-christian assistant, Caesar Galerius. e. [ ] Diocletian abdicated rule, and Galerius quickly seized complete control of the empire. f. [ ] The legions in the eastern parts of the Roman Empire proclaimed their commander, Diocletian, to be emperor. 49

41 The Triumph of Constantine List a few facts about the Edict of Toleration issued in 311. Include reasons for its declaration and the consequences that followed it: In hoc signo vinces 1. Before the final battle against Constantine, Maxentius received a prophecy. What did it say? 50

42 2. Before the battle, Constantine had a vision. He saw a strange sign in the heavens and heard what words? 3. Chi and rho (English ch and r) are the first two letters in the Greek word Christos. Constantine carried the Chi Rho into battle. Draw what his banner would have looked like: The Edict of Milan 1. Write short answers to the following questions: a. How did Licinius, the new eastern Augustus, cement his alliance with Constantine? b. What did the Edict of Milan, issued in 313, grant? c. In nine years, Constantine had become master of all the empire. What did he do to better govern the huge territory and be available to oversee the difficult frontiers of Mesopotamia and the Danube? 51

43 2. On the map of the Roman Empire, write the names of these cities in the boxes below: Damascus Alexandria Rome Byzantium Jerusalem Nova Roma 1. List four important facts about Constantine s new capital: 52