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1 Series GBM amob Z. Roll No. H$moS> Z. Code No. narjmwu H$moS >H$mo CÎma-nwpñVH$m Ho$ _wi-n ð >na Adí` {bio & Candidates must write the Code on the title page of the answer-book. H $n`m Om±M H$a b {H$ Bg àíz-nì _o _w{ðv n ð> _mz{mì h & àíz-nì _ Xm{hZo hmw H$s Amoa {XE JE H$moS >Zå~a H$mo N>mÌ CÎma-nwpñVH$m Ho$ _wi-n >ð> na {bi & H $n`m Om±M H$a b {H$ Bg àíz-nì _ >17 àíz h & H $n`m àíz H$m CÎma {bizm ewê$ H$aZo go nhbo, àíz H$m H«$_m H$ Adí` {bi & Bg àíz-nì H$mo n T>Zo Ho$ {be 15 {_ZQ >H$m g_` {X`m J`m h & àíz-nì H$m {dvau nydm _ ~Oo {H$`m OmEJm & ~Oo go ~Oo VH$ N>mÌ Ho$db àíz-nì H$mo n T> Jo Am a Bg Ad{Y Ho$ Xm amz do CÎma-nwpñVH$m na H$moB CÎma Zht {bi Jo & Please check that this question paper contains 10 printed pages and 1 Map. Code number given on the right hand side of the question paper should be written on the title page of the answer-book by the candidate. Please check that this question paper contains 17 questions. B{Vhmg HISTORY SET-2 61/2 Please write down the Serial Number of the question before attempting it. 15 minute time has been allotted to read this question paper. The question paper will be distributed at a.m. From a.m. to a.m., the students will read the question paper only and will not write any answer on the answer-book during this period. {ZYm [av g_` : 3 KÊQ>o A{YH$V_ A H$ : 80 Time allowed : 3 hours Maximum Marks : 80 61/2 1 P.T.O.

2 gm_mý` {ZX}e : (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) (vi) (vii) g^r àízm Ho$ CÎma Xr{OE & Hw$N> àízm _ Am V[aH$ {dh$ën {XE JE h & àë`oh$ àíz Ho$ A H$ CgHo$ gm_zo A {H$V {H$E JE h & àíz g»`m 1 go 3 Xmo A H$m dmbo h, àë`oh$ àíz H$m CÎma 30 eãxm go A{YH$ Zht hmozm Mm{hE & àíz g»`m 4 go 9 Mma A H$m dmbo h & àë`oh$ àíz H$m CÎma 100 eãxm go A{YH$ Zht hmozm Mm{hE & {dúm{w `m H$mo Bg IÊS> go Ho$db nm±m àízm H$mo hb H$aZm Mm{hE & àíz g»`m 10 _yë` AmYm[aV àíz h Am a A{Zdm` h, `h àíz ^r Mma A H$ H$m h & àíz g»`m 11 go 13 AmR> A H$m dmbo h & BZ_ go àë`oh$ àíz H$m CÎma 350 eãxm go A{YH$ Zht hmozm Mm{hE & àíz g»`m 14 go 16 òmov AmYm[aV h & BZ_ H$moB AmÝV[aH$ {dh$ën Zht h & àíz g»`m 17 _mz{mì gå~ýyr h, {Og_ bjum H$mo nhmmzzm VWm _hîdnyu _Xm H$mo Xem Zm em{_b h & _mz{mì H$mo CÎma-nwpñVH$m Ho$ gmw ZËWr H$s{OE & General Instructions : (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) (vi) (vii) Answer all the questions. Some questions have internal choice. Marks are indicated against each question. Answer to questions no. 1 to 3 carrying 2 marks should not exceed 30 words each. Answer to questions no. 4 to 9 carrying 4 marks should not exceed 100 words each. Students should attempt only five questions in this section. Question no. 10 (for 4 marks) is a value based question and compulsory. Answer to questions no. 11 to 13 carrying 8 marks should not exceed 350 words each. Questions no. 14 to 16 are source based questions and have no internal choice. Question 17 is a Map question that includes identification and location of significant test items. Attach the map with the answer-book. 61/2 2

3 IÊS H$ PART A ZrMo {XE JE g^r àízm Ho$ CÎma {b{ie : 2 3=6 Answer all the questions given below : 1. du ì`dñwm Ho$ AZwgma j{ì`m Ûmam {H$E JE {H$Ýht Xmo ì`dgm`m H$s nhmmz H$s{OE & 2 Identify any two occupations to be performed by Kshatriyas as per Varna Order. 2. nm{h$ñvmz Am a ^mav Ho$ ~rm gå~ýy ~±Q>dmao H$s {damgv go Jhao Vm a na V` hmovo aho h & BgHo$ {H$Ýht Xmo n[aum_m H$s ì`m»`m H$s{OE & 2 The relationship between India and Pakistan has been profoundly shaped by the legacy of partition. Explain any two consequences of it. 3. amjgr-vm J S>r (VmbrH$moQ>m) Ho$ `wõ Ho$ n[aum_ H$s nai H$s{OE & 2 Examine the outcome of the battle of Rakshasi-Tangadi (Talikota). IÊS I PART B AZw^mJ I SECTION I {ZåZ{b{IV _ go {H$Ýht nm±m àízm Ho$ CÎma {b{ie : 4 5=20 Answer any five of the following questions : Am a 1930 Ho$ XeH$m Ho$ Xm amz H$s CZ KQ>ZmAm H$s nai H$s{OE {OÝhm Zo Xoe _ gmåàxm{`h$ Apñ_VmAm H$mo nšh$m {H$`m & 4 Examine the events that took place during 1920s and 1930s which consolidated the communal identities in the country. 5. _hm^mav Ho$ boih$m Am a _hm^mav Ho$ boiz-h$mb Ho$ {df` _ Amn Š`m OmZVo h? ñnîq> H$s{OE & 4 What do you know about the authors and the period when Mahabharata was compiled? Explain. 61/2 3 P.T.O.

4 6. Mm Xhdt evmãxr _ ^mav _ EH$ AZyR>r g Mma ì`dñwm Wr & BãZ ~VyVm Ho$ Bg H$WZ H$s nai H$s{OE & 4 India had a unique system of communication during the fourteenth century. Examine the statement of Ibn Batuta. 7. `mo½` ì`{º$`m H$mo nx{d`m± XoZm _wµjb amá`v Ì H$m EH$ _hîdnyu nj Wm & ì`m»`m H$s{OE & 4 The granting of titles to the men of merit was an important aspect of Mughal polity. Explain. 8. g {dymz g^m _ X{bV djm] Ho$ g aju Ho$ nj _ {XE JE {d{^þ VH$m] H$m du Z H$s{OE & 4 Describe the different arguments made in favour of protection of depressed classes in the Constituent Assembly. 9. _mohzomox S>mo Ho$ J h ñwmnë` H$s {d{eîq> {deofvmam H$m du Z H$s{OE & 4 Describe the distinctive features of domestic architecture of Mohenjodaro. AZw^mJ II SECTION II _yë` AmYm[aV àíz (A{Zdm` ) Value Based Question (Compulsory) 4 1=4 10. Jm±YrOr amozr{vh$ {OVZo Wo CVZo hr do g_mo gwymah$ Wo & CZH$m {dídmg Wm {H$ ñdv ÌVm Ho$ `mo½` ~ZZo Ho$ {be ^mavr`m H$mo ~mb {ddmh Am a Ny>AmNy>V O gr gm_m{oh$ ~wamb`m go _wº$ hmozm n S>oJm & EH$ _V Ho$ ^mavr`m H$mo Xÿgao _V Ho$ ^mavr`m Ho$ {be gƒm g `_ bmzm hmojm Am a Bg àh$ma CÝhm Zo {hýxÿ-_wgb_mzm Ho$ ~rm gm hmð na ~b {X`m & Cn`w º$ H$WZ Ho$ àg J _, _hmë_m Jm±Yr Ûmam n[anw{ï>v _yë`m H$mo COmJa H$s{OE & 4 Gandhiji was as much a social reformer as he was a politician. He believed that in order to be worthy of freedom, Indians had to get rid of social evils such as child marriage and untouchability. Indians of one faith had also to cultivate a genuine tolerance for Indians of another religion hence his emphasis on Hindu-Muslim harmony. In the light of the above statement, highlight the values upheld by Mahatma Gandhi. 61/2 4

5 IÊS J PART C XrK -CÎmar` àíz Long Answer Questions 8 3= gyµ\$s gývm Am a amá` Ho$ ~rm AmR>dt evmãxr go AR>mahdt> evmãxr Ho$ Xm amz gå~ýym H$s nhmmz H$s{OE & 8 AWdm V{_b ZmSw> Ho$ Abdma Am a Z`Zma gývm H$m amá` Ho$ gmw AmR>dt evmãxr go AR>mahdt evmãxr Ho$ Xm amz gå~ýym H$s nhmmz H$s{OE & 8 Identify the relationship between the Sufis and the State from the eighth to the eighteenth century. OR Identify the relationship of the Alvars and Nayanars of Tamil Nadu with the State from the eighth to the eighteenth century B.ny. go 600 B gdr VH$ {H$gmZm Ûmam H ${f CËnmXH$Vm H$mo ~ T>mZo Ho$ {be AnZmE JE VarH$m H$mo ñnîq> H$s{OE & 8 AWdm _m ` àemgz H$s _w»` {deofvmam H$s ì`m»`m H$s{OE & 8 Explain the agricultural practices followed by the cultivators to increase productivity from c. 600 BCE to 600 CE. OR Explain the main features of the Mauryan administration. 13. ~å~b XŠH$Z _ bmjy H$s JB ^y-amoñd àumbr H$s nai H$s{OE & {H$gmZ {H$g àh$ma gmhÿh$mam Ho$ G$U-Omb _ \±$g JE? ñnîq> H$s{OE & 4+4=8 AWdm 1857 Ho$ {dðmoh Ho$ Xm amz Aµ\$dmhm Am a ^{dî`dm{u`m Ho$ _mü`_ go bmojm H$mo I S>m hmozo Ho$ {be CH$gm`m Om ahm Wm & Bg H$WZ H$s nai A\$dmhm Am a BZ na {dídmg H$aZo Ho$ H$maUm Ho$ gmw H$s{OE & 8 Examine the land revenue system that was introduced in Bombay Deccan. How did the peasants fall into the debt-trap of the moneylenders? Explain. OR Rumours and prophesies played a part in moving the people into action during the revolt of Examine the statement with rumours and reasons for its belief. 61/2 5 P.T.O.

6 IÊS K PART D òmov AmYm[aV àíz Source Based Questions 7 3= {ZåZ{b{IV CÕaU H$mo Ü`mZnyd H$ n{ T>E Am a CgHo$ ZrMo {XE JE àízm Ho$ CÎma {b{ie : ^y-amoñd dgyb H$aZo na AmBZ go `h AZwÀN>oX h : A_rb-JwµOma {gµ\ $ ZµH$X bozo H$s AmXV Z S>mbo ~pëh$ µ\$gb ^r bozo Ho$ {be V `ma aho & `h ~mx dmbm VarµH$m H$B Vah go H$m bm`m Om gh$vm h & nhbm, H$UHw$V: qhxr µow~mz _ H$U H$m _Vb~ h, AZmO, Am a Hw$V, A XmµOm... AJa H$moB eh$ hmo, Vmo µ\$gb H$mo VrZ AbJ-AbJ nwqbxm _ H$mQ>Zm Mm{hE AÀN>m, _Ü`_ Am a ~XVa, Am a Bg Vah eh$ Xÿa H$aZm Mm{hE & AH$ga A XmµO go {H$`m J`m µo_rz H$m AmH$bZ ^r n`m ßV ê$n go ghr ZVrOm XoVm h & Xÿgam, ~Q>mB {Ogo ^mamobr ^r H$hVo h (_ ), µ\$gb H$mQ> H$a O_m H$a bovo h, Am a {\$a g^r njm H$s _m OyXJr _ d aµom_ Xr _ ~±Q>dmam H$aVo h & bo{h$z Bg_ H$B g_pxma {ZarjH$m H$s µoê$av n S>Vr h ; dzm XþîQ>-~w{Õ Am a _ŠH$ma YmoIo~mµOr H$s Zr`V aivo h & Vrgao, IoV-~Q>mB O~ do ~ro ~mozo Ho$ ~mx IoV ~m±q> bovo h & Mm Wo, bm±j ~Q>mB ; µ\$gb H$mQ>Zo Ho$ ~mx, do CgH$m >T>oa ~Zm bovo h Am a {\$a Cgo AnZo _ ~m±q> bovo h, Am a haoh$ (nj) AnZm {hñgm Ka bo OmVm h Am a Cggo _wzmµ\$m H$_mVm h & (14.1) ^y-amoñd H$s H$UHw$V: nõ{v H$mo ñnï> H$s{OE & 2 (14.2) ~Q>mB AWdm ^mamobr Ho$ _m_bm _ ^y-amoñd H$m {H$g àh$ma _yë`m H$Z {H$`m OmVm Wm? 2 (14.3) Š`m Amn `h gmomvo h {H$ _wµjbm H$s ^y-amoñd nõ{v bmrbr Wr? 3 Read the following extract carefully and answer the questions that follow : The Ain on land revenue collection : Let him (the amil-guzar) not make it a practice of taking only in cash but also in kind. The latter is effected in several ways. First, kankut: in the Hindi language kan signifies grain, and 61/2 6

7 kut, estimates... If any doubts arise, the crops should be cut and estimated in three lots, the good, the middling and the inferior, and the hesitation should be removed. Often, too, the land taken by appraisement, gives a sufficiently accurate return. Secondly, batai, also called bhaoli, the crops are reaped and stacked and divided by agreement in the presence of the parties. But in this case several intelligent inspectors are required; otherwise, the evil-minded and false are given to deception. Thirdly, khet-batai, when they divide the fields after they are sown. Fourthly, lang batai, after cutting the grain, they form it in heaps and divide it among themselves, and each takes his share home and turns it to profit. (14.1) Explain the kankut system of land revenue. (14.2) How was the land revenue assessed in the case of batai or bhaoli? (14.3) Do you think that the land revenue system of the Mughals was flexible? 15. {ZåZ{b{IV CÕaU H$mo Ü`mZnyd H$ n{ T>E Am a CgHo$ ZrMo {XE JE àízm Ho$ CÎma {b{ie : EH$ XohmVr eha? _Ðmg Ho$ ~mao _ Bånr[a`b JµOo{Q>`a, 1908 _ N>no Bg A e H$mo n{ T>E :... ~ohva `yamonr` Amdmg n[agam Ho$ ~rm ~ZmE OmVo h {Oggo CZH$s N>{d bj^j nmh $ O gr ~Z OmVr h ; Am a BZHo$ ~rm VH$ar~Z Jm±dm H$s VO na Mmdb Ho$ IoV AmVo-OmVo ahvo h & `hm± VH$ {H$ ãb H$ Q>mCZ Am a {Q >ßbrHo$Z O gr g~go KZr Am~mXr dmbr Xoer ~pñv`m _ ^r d gr ^r S>-^m S> Zht {XIVr O gr ~hþv gmar Xÿgao eham _ {XImB XoVr h... & (15.1) ~ohva `yamonr` Amdmg H$hm± Am a Š`m ~ZmE OmVo Wo? 3 (15.2) ãb H$ Q>mCZm Ho$ hmbmv H$s ì`m»`m H$s{OE & 2 (15.3) _Ðmg Ho$ Yrao-Yrao ZJarH$aU hmozo H$m AW ~VmBE & 2 61/2 7 P.T.O.

8 Read the following extract carefully and answer the questions that follow : A rural city? Read this excerpt on Madras from the Imperial Gazetteer, 1908 :... the better European residences are built in the midst of compounds which almost attain the dignity of parks; and rice-fields frequently wind in and out between these in almost rural fashion. Even in the most thickly peopled native quarters such as Black Town and Triplicane, there is little of the crowding found in many other towns... (15.1) Where and why were better European residences built? (15.2) Explain the condition of black towns. (15.3) State the meaning of gradual urbanisation of Madras. 16. {ZåZ{b{IV CÕaU H$mo Ü`mZnyd H$ n{ T>E Am a CgHo$ ZrMo {XE JE àízm Ho$ CÎma {b{ie : ì`dhma _ ~m Õ Y_ gwîm {nq>h$ go {be JE Bg CÕaU _ ~wõ {gjb Zm_ Ho$ EH$ A_ra J hn{v H$mo gbmh Xo aho h : _m{bh$ H$mo AnZo Zm H$am Am a H$_ Mm[a`m H$s nm±m Vah go XoI^mb H$aZr Mm{hE... CZH$s j_vm Ho$ AZwgma CÝh H$m_ XoH$a, CÝh ^mooz Am a _µoxÿar XoH$a, ~r_ma n S>Zo na CZH$s n[am`m H$aHo$, CZHo$ gmw gwñdmxþ ^mooz ~m±q>h$a Am a g_`-g_` na CÝh Nw>Å>r XoH$a... Hw$b Ho$ bmojm H$mo nm±m Vah go l_um ({OÝhm Zo gm gm[ah$ OrdZ H$mo Ë`mJ {X`m h ) Am a ~«m Um H$s XoI^mb H$aZr Mm{hE... H$_, dmz Am a _Z go AZwamJ Ûmam, CZHo$ ñdmjv _ h_oem Ka Iwbo aih$a Am a CZH$s {XZ-à{V{XZ H$s µoê$avm H$s ny{v H$aHo$ & {gjb H$mo _mvm-{nvm, {ejh$ Am a nëzr Ho$ gmw ì`dhma Ho$ {be ^r Eogo hr CnXoe {XE JE h & 61/2 8

9 (16.1) _m{bh$ H$mo AnZo Zm H$am Am a H$_ Mm[a`m H$s {H$g Vah go XoI^mb H$aZr Mm{hE? 2 (16.2) Hw$b Ho$ bmojm H$mo l_um H$s Amdí`H$VmAm H$s {H$g àh$ma XoI^mb H$aZr Mm{hE? 2 (16.3) ~m Õ Xe Z Ho$ à_wi nhbwam H$s ì`m»`m H$s{OE & 3 Read the following extract carefully and answer the questions that follow : Buddhism in practice This is an excerpt from the Sutta Pitaka, and contains the advice given by the Buddha to a wealthy householder named Sigala : In five ways should a master look after his servants and employees... by assigning them work according to their strength, by supplying them with food and wages, by tending them in sickness; by sharing delicacies with them and by granting leave at times... In five ways should the clansmen look after the needs of samanas (those who have renounced the world) and Brahmanas: by affection in act and speech and mind, by keeping open house to them and supplying their worldly needs. There are similar instructions to Sigala about how to behave with his parents, teacher and wife. (16.1) In what ways should a master look after his servants and employees? (16.2) In what ways should the clansmen look after the needs of samanas? (16.3) Explain the main aspects of Buddhist philosophy. 61/2 9 P.T.O.

10 IÊS> L> PART E ( _mz{mì àíz / Map Question) 5 1=5 17. (17.1) ^mav Ho$ {XE JE amozr{vh$ aoim-_mz{mì (n ð> 11 na) _ {ZåZ{b{IV H$mo Cn`wº$ {M m go Xem BE Am a CZHo$ Zm_ {b{ie : 1 2=2 (H$) _mgybrnq>z_ 1857 Ho$ Xm amz {~«{Q>e {Z` ÌU Ho$ AYrZ joì & (I) JmoAm _wµjb gm_«má` Ho$ AYrZ joì & (17.2) ^mav Ho$ {XE JE Bgr aoim-_mz{mì na VrZ ñwmzm H$mo à_wi ~m Õ ñwb A, B Am a C go A {H$V {H$`m J`m h & CÝh nhmm{ze Am a CZHo$ ghr Zm_ CZHo$ nmg ItMr JBª aoimam na {b{ie & 1 3=3 (17.1) On the given political outline map of India (on page 11) locate and label the following appropriately : (a) (b) Masulipatnam a territory under British control during Goa a territory under the Mughals. (17.2) On the same outline map of India, three places which are major Buddhist sites have been marked as A, B and C. Identify them and write their correct names on the lines drawn near them. ZmoQ> : {ZåZ{b{IV àíz Ho$db Ñ{ï>~m{YV narjm{w `m Ho$ {be à. g. 17 Ho$ ñwmz na h : Note : The following questions are for the Visually Impaired Candidates only in lieu of Q. No. 17 : (17.1) 1857 Ho$ Xm amz {~«{Q>e {Z` {ÌV {H$gr amá`/joì H$m Zm_ {b{ie & (17.2) _wµjbm Ho$ AYrZ {H$gr amá`/joì H$m Zm_ {b{ie & (17.3) {H$Ýht VrZ ~m Õ ñwbm Ho$ Zm_ {b{ie & 1+1+3=5 (17.1) Mention any territory under the British control during (17.2) Name any territory which was under the Mughals. (17.3) Name any three Buddhist sites. 61/2 10

11 àíz g Am a 17.2 Ho$ {be For question no and /2 11 P.T.O.

12 MARKING SCHEME HISTORY (OUTSIDE DELHI) SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL EXAMINATION MARCH CODE NO. 61/2 Q.NO. EXPECTED ANSWERS/ VALUE POINTS Page no. MARKS 1 Occupations of Kshatriyas i. To engage in warfare ii. iii. iv. To protect people and administer justice To study the Vedas To get sacrifices performed. 2 v. To make gifts. (Any other relevant points) (Any Two points to be examined) The Legacy of Partition (i) India haters in Pakistan and Pakistan-haters in India are both products of partition. (ii) Partition generated memories, hatreds, stereotypes and identities that still continue to shape the history of people on both sides of the border. (iii) These hatreds have manifested themselves during inter - community conflicts and communal clashes in turn have kept alive the memories of past violence. (iv) Stories of Partition violence are recounted by communal groups to deepen the divide between communities, creating in people minds the feelings of suspicion and distrust. (v) Communities sharply defined boundaries and fundamentally opposed interest

13 3 ( Any other relevant points). (Any two points to be examined) ) The outcome of the battle of Rakshasi- Tangadi (Talikota) i. The chief minister of Vijayanagara Rama Raya led the army into battle where his forces were routed by the combined armies of Bijapur, Ahmednagar and Golconda ii. iii. iv. The victorious armies sacked the city of Vijyanagara. The city was totally abandoned within few years. The forces at the empire shifted to east where the Aravidu dynasty ruled from Penukonda and later from Chandragiri (near Tirupati) (Any other relevant points) ( Any two points to be examined) 4 The Events that took place during 1920s and 30s which consolidated the Communal Identities (i) Muslims were angered by Music before- mosque (ii) By the cow protection movement. (iii) By the efforts of the Arya Samaj to bring back to the Hindu fold (Shuddhi) those who had converted to Islam. (iv) Hindus were angered by the rapid spread of tabligh (propaganda) and tanzim (Organization) after (v) Middle class publicists and communal activists sought to build greater solidarity within their communities, mobilising people against the other community. (vi) Hindu Mahasabha defines Hindu identity in opposition to Muslim identity. (vii) Every communal riot deepend differences between communities, creating disturbing memories of violence. 2

14 (viii) Separate Electorate 1909 for Muslims expanded in 1919, created temptations to use sectarian slogans and divided society. 5 (Any other relevant points). (Any Four points to be examined) Authors and the period of Mahabharata (i) Mythological View: According to tradition, Vyasa dictated the text to the deity. (ii) The original story was probably composed by charioteer -bards, known as sutas who generally accompanied Kshatriya warriors to the battlefield and composed poems celebrating their victories and other achievements. 74, 75 4 (iii) (iv) (v) (vi) These compositions circulated orally on CE 500. Then, from the fifth century BCE, Brahmanas took over the story and began to commit it to writing. Another phase in the composition of the text was completed between c. 200 BCE and 200 CE. This was the period when the worship of Vishnu was growing in importance, and Krishna, one of the important figures of the epic, was coming to be identified with Vishnu. Subsequently, between c. 200 and 400 CE, large didactic sections resembling the Manusmriti were added. With these additions, a text, which initially perhaps had less than 10,000 verses, grew to comprise about 100,000 verses. This enormous composition is traditionally attributed to a sage named Vyasa. (Any other relevant points). (Any Four points to be examined) 3

15 6 A Unique System Of Communication (i) The state evidently took special measures to encourage merchants. (ii) Almost all trade routes were well supplied with inns and guesthouses. (iii) Ibn Battuta was also amazed by the efficiency of the postal system that allowed merchants to not only send information and remit credit across long distances, but also to dispatch goods required at short notice. (iv) The postal system was so efficient that while it took fifty days to reach Delhi from Sind, the news reports of spies would reach the Sultan through the postal system in just five days. (v) In India the postal system was of two kinds. The horse post was called uluq, was run by royal horses stationed at a distance of every four miles. (vi) The foot-post has three stations per mile; it is called dawa, that is one-third of a mile. 7 (Any other relevant points). (Any Four points to be examined) Titles (i) The granting of titles to men of merit was an important aspect of Mughal polity. (ii) A man s ascent in the court hierarchy could be traced through the titles he held. (iii)the title Asaf Khan for one of the highest ministers originated with Asaf, the legendary minister of the prophet king Sulaiman (Solomon). (iv) The title Mirza Raja was accorded by Aurangzeb to his two highest-ranking nobles, Jai Singh and Jaswant Singh. Titles could be earned or paid for

16 (v) Other awards included the robe of honour (khilat), a garment once worn by the emperor and imbued with his benediction. (vi) One gift, the sarapa ( head to foot ), consisted of a tunic, a turban and a sash (patka). (vii) Jewelled ornaments were often given as gifts by the emperor. The lotus blossom set with jewels (padma murassa) was given only in exceptional circumstances such as in marriage. (viii) The nobility was recruited from diverse ethnic and religious groups. (ix) The officer corps of the Mughals was described as a bouquet of flowers (guldasta) (Any other relevant points). (Any Four points to be examined) 8 The different argument made in favor of protection of depressed classes in the Constitution Assembly (i) Mr N. G. Ranga, socialist leader argued that real minorities were the poor and down trodden. They needed protection, props and ladder through constitutional rights. (ii) Some member of depressed castes emphasized that that problems of untouchables could not be resolved through protection and safeguard alone. Their disabilities were caused by the social norms and moral values of caste society. (iii) Society had used their services and labour but kept them at a social distance such as refusing them to enter into temples and mix or dine with them. (iv) J. Nagappa pointed out that numerically the depressed castes formed between 20 to 25 percent of the total population and not a minority. Their sufferings were due to their systematic marginalization not their numerical 5

17 insignificance. They had no access to education, no share in the administration. (v) Jaipal Singh spoke eloquently on the need to protect the tribes and ensure conditions that could help them up to the level of general population. (vi) Ambedker advocated/ recommended that the abolition of untouchability. (vii) Hindu temples be thrown open to all castes, and seats in legislatures and jobs in government offices be reserved for the lowest castes. (viii) There had to be change in the attitude within society. (Any other relevant points) (Any four points to be examined) 9 The Distinctive features of Domestic Architecture of Mohenjodaro 7 4 (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) (vi) (vii) (viii) (ix) Lower town of Mohenjo-Daro provides examples of residential buildings. Many were centered on a courtyard with rooms on all sides. The courtyard was probably the center of activities such as cooking and weaving. Every house was connected to street drains. There was much concern for privacy. There are no windows on the walls along the ground level. Main entrance doesn t give direct view of the interior or the courtyard. Every house had its own bathroom paved with bricks, and with drains connected through the wall to street drains. Houses had staircase to reach the second storey or the roof. Many houses had wells, often in a room that could be 6

18 reached from the outside and perhaps used by passers-by. (x) House drains first emptied into a sump or cesspit into which solid matter settled while wastwater flowed out into the street drains. (Any other relevant points) (Any four points to be examined) 10 Values upheld by Mahatma Gandhi (i) Peaceful co-existence among different faiths. (ii) Respect for each faith or religion. (iii) To overcome social evils such as child marriage, untouchability etc. (iv) Hindu- Muslim Harmony. (v) Non- violence (Ahinsa). (vi) Truth Struggle for truth (Satya Graha.) (vii) Freedom. (viii) Tolerance for each other s ideas and faiths (ix) Unity and integrity. ( Any other relevant points) (Any four points to be examined) Relationship between the Sufis and the State (i) (ii) The group of Sufis-the Chishtis, who migrated to India in the late twelfth century adopted the local environment and maintained an influencing relationship with the state. One of the major feature of the Sufis was austerity including maintaining distance from worldly power. (iii) However, they did not maintain the complete isolation from political power. (iv) The Sufis accepted unsolicited grants and donations from political elites. (v) The sultans in turn set up charitable trusts (auqaf) as endowments for hospices and tax-free land (inam). (vi) The Chishtis accepted donations in cash and kind. Rather than accumulate donations, they preferred to use these fully on immediate requirements such as food, clothes, living quarters and ritual necessities (such as sama). (vii) Further, their piety and scholarship, and people s belief in their miraculous powers made sufis popular among the masses, whose support kings wished to secure. 154,156,

19 (viii) Akbar visited Ajmer Dargah of Khawaja Muinuddin chisti fourteen times to seek blessings for new conquets, fulfilment of vows and the birth of sons. Each of his visits was celebrated by generous gifts, which were recorded in Imperial documents. (ix) Kings did not simply need to demonstrate their association with sufis; they also required legitimation from them. (x) When the Turks set up the Delhi Sultanate, they resisted the insistence of the ulama on imposing shari a as state law because they anticipated opposition from their subjects, the majority of whom were non-muslims. The Sultans then sought out the sufis who derived their authority directly from God and did not depend on jurists to interpret the shari a. (xi) It was belived that auliya could intercede with God in order to improve material and spiritual condition of ordinary human beings. This explains why kings often wanted their tombs to be in the vicinity of the sufi shrines and hospices. (xii) There were instances of conflict between the Sultans and the sufis. To assert their authority, both expected that certain rituals be performed such as prostration and kissing of the feet. Occasionally the sufi shaikh was addressed with high-sounding titles. For example, the disciples of Nizamuddin Auliya addressed him as sultan-ul-mashaikh (literally, Sultan amongst shaikhs). In some cases Sufis accepted courtly offices. (Any other relevant Points) (Any eight Points to be examined/explained) OR Relationships of the Alvars and the Nayanars with the state (i) Alvars- devotes of Vishnu Nayanars- devotes of Shiva 143,145,146 8 (ii) Chola rulers supported Brahmanical and Bhakti traditions. Royal patronage granted to Nayanars. 8

20 (iii) (iv) (v) (vi) (vii) Chola rulers made land grants and constructed temples for Vishnu and Shiva. Examples- Shiva temples at Childambaram, Thanjavur, Gangaikondacholapuram. Spectacular bronze sculptures were produced which shows that the visions of the Nayanars inspired artist. Kings introduced the singing of Tamil Shiva hymns in the temples under Royal Patronage and taking the initiatives to collect and organize them into text(tevaram) Chola ruler Prantaka I consecrated metal images of saints of Shaivism ie- Appar, Sambandar and Sundarar. The chola rulers often attempted to claim divine support and proclaim their own power and status by building splendid temples and metal sculpture to recreate the visions of these popular saints. (viii) The vellala peasants revered both Nayanars and Alvars. (Any other relevant Points) (Any eight Points to be explained/examined) 12 The agriculture practices followed by cultivators to increase productivity from c. 600 BCE to 600 CE 38,39 8 (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) The shift to plough agriculture was one strategy spread in fertile alluvial river valleys i.e. Ganga Valley and Kaveri Valley from c. Sixth centaury BCE. The use of iron tipped ploughshare turned the alluvial soil in areas, which had high rainfall. Transplantation- this strategy was used for paddy cultivation in area where water was plentiful. Broadcasting of seeds- Broadcasting of seeds strategy was used in paddy cultivation. Transplantation of saplings was used in waterlogged fields. This ensured a higher ratio of survival of saplings 9

21 and higher yields. (vi) (vii) Use of hoe agriculture- In semi-arid parts of the country such as Punjab, Rajasthan, hilly tracts in the north eastern and central parts of the sub continent practiced hoe agriculture. Use of irrigation strategies through wells, tanks and canals. (viii) Communities as well as individuals organized the construction of irrigation works to increase production. (ix) Land grants- a type of strategies adopted by ruling lineages to extend agriculture to new areas. Above strategies led to an increase in production but there was a growing differentiation amongst people engaged in agriculture such as emergence of Gahapati (Rich peasants). (Assess as a whole / Open ended answer. Candidate s expression should be given due weightage). (Any eight points to be explained/examined) OR Main Features of the Mauryan Administration 32,33, 34 8 (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) There were five major political centers in the empire. Patliputra was capital of the empire. Provincial centers were Taxila, Ujjayini, Tosali and Suvarnagiri Suvarnagiri was important for tapping gold mines of Karnataka. Taxila and Ujjayini were probably used for long distance trade routes. 10

22 (vi) (vii) Administrative control was strongest in areas around the capital and provincial centers. Capital centers were carefully chosen. (viii) Communication along both land and water was of vital importance for existence of the empire. (ix) (x) Army was important means for ensuring safety and security. Megasthenes mentions a committee with six subcommittees for coordination military activity of the a) One looked after navy. b) The second managed transport and provisions. c) The Third was responsible for foot soldiers. d) The fourth for horses. e) The fifth for chariots. f) The sixth for elephants. g) The Activity of second committee was rather varied arranging for bullock carts to carry equipment, procuring food for soldiers and fodder for animals and recruiting servants and artisans to look after soldiers. (xi) (xii) Ashoka tried to hold the empire by dhamma. Dhamma ensured well being of the people in this world and the next. (xiii) Ashoka appointed special officers known a Dhamma Mahamatta to spread the message of Dhamma. (xiv) According to Megasthenes - Officers were appointed to different work. Such as some superintended the rivers, measure the land; inspect the sluices by which water is let out from the main canals into branches, so everyone may have equal supply of it. Some officers collect the taxes. 11

23 (Any Other Relevant point) (Any eight points to be explained / examined) 13 Part I - Land Revenue System =8 i. The revenue system that was introduced in the Bombay Deccan came to be known as the ryotwari settlement. ii. The revenue was directly settled with the ryot. iii. The average income from different types of soil was estimated, the revenue-paying capacity of the ryot was assessed and a proportion of it fixed as the share of the state. iv. The lands were resurveyed every 30 years and the revenue rates increased. v. Therefore, the revenue demand was no longer permanent. vi. It was based on Ricardian ideas. (Any Other Relevant point) (Any four points to be explained / examined) Part II- Peasants fall into Debt trap 278 i.during the 1820 s the revenue that was demanded was so high. ii. In areas of poor soil and fluctuating rainfall the problem was particularly acute. When rains failed and harvests were poor, peasants found it impossible to pay the revenue. iii.however, the collectors in charge of revenue collection were keen on demonstrating their efficiency and pleasing 12

24 their superiors. iv. So they went about extracting payment with utmost severity. v. When someone failed to pay, his crops were seized and a fine was imposed on the whole village. vi. By the 1830s the problem became more severe. Prices of agricultural products fell sharply after 1832 and did not recover for over a decade and a half. vii. At the same time the countryside was devastated by a famine that struck in the years viii. Unpaid balances of revenue mounted. ix. Inevitably, revenue could rarely be paid without a loan from a moneylender. But once a loan was taken, the ryot found it difficult to pay it back. x. As debt mounted, and loans remained unpaid, peasants dependence on moneylenders increased. (Any Other Relevant point) (Any Four points to be explained / examined) 294, 295 OR Rumours and prophesies of the revolt of (i) The sepoys who had arrived in Delhi from Meerut had told Bahadur Shah about bullets coated with the fat of cows and pigs. (ii) Biting those bullets would corrupt their caste and religion. They were referring to the cartridges of the Enfield rifles which had just been given to them. (iii) The British tried to explain to the sepoys that this was not the case but the rumour that the new cartridges were 13

25 greased with the fat of cows and pigs spread like wildfire across the sepoy lines of North India. (iv) In the third week of January 1857 a low-caste khalasi who worked in the magazine in Dum Dum had asked a Brahmin sepoy for a drink of water from his lota. (v) The sepoy had refused saying that the lower caste s touch would defile the lota. (vi) There was the rumour that the British government had hatched a gigantic conspiracy to destroy the caste and religion of Hindus and Muslims. (vii) To this end, the rumours said, the British had mixed the bone dust of cows and pigs into the flour that was sold in the market. (viii) In towns and cantonments, sepoys and the common people refused to touch the atta. (ix) There was fear and suspicion that the British wanted to convert Indians to Christianity. (x) The response to the call for action was reinforced by the prophecy that British rule would come to an end on the centenary of the Battle of Plassey, on 23 June (xi) In North India chapattis were being distributed from village to village. A person would come at night and give a chapatti to the watchman of the village and ask him to make five more and distribute to the next village, and so on. (xii) The meaning and purpose of the distribution of the chapattis was not clear and is not clear even today. But there is no doubt that people read it as an omen of an upheaval. (Any Other Relevant points) (Any eight points to be explained / examined) 14

26 14 The Ain on Land Revenue Collection Kankut system signifies grain estimates. If any doubt arises, the crop should be cut and estimated in three lots - the good, the middling and the inferior and the hesitation should be removed Batai also called bhaoli the crops are reaped and divided by agreement in the presence of the parties Yes, it was flexible i. Mughal State tried to first acquire specific information about the extent of the agriculture lands in empire and what these lands produced before fixing the burden of Taxes on people. ii. First tax assessment (Jama) was made and then actual collection - (Hasil) iii. The option of paying in cash or kind was available to farmers. iv. The lands were actually measured and then the assessment of revenue made. (Any two points to be examined) ( Any other relevant Points) 1+2=3 15

27 15 A Rural City? 316, 327, i. Where- Bombay/Calcutta/Madras ii. Why- a. Better European residences were built due to the economic activities of the English East India Company in Bombay/Calcutta/Madras. b. Better European residences are built in the midst of compounds, which almost attain the dignity of parks and rice field and at the areas of the free flow of the winds. c. Buildings that build in these cities bore marks of their colonial origin. They mould tastes, popularize styles and shape the contours of culture. ( Any other relevant Points) (Any two points to be examined) 1+2= i. The black towns were built in the crowded areas, dirty tanks, poor drainage etc. where tropical climate was unhealthy. 2 ii. iii. The Black areas came to symbolise not only chaos and anarchy, but also filth and disease. The new Black Town resembled traditional Indian towns, with living quarters built around its own temple and bazaar. The narrow lanes criss-crossed the township. (Any other relevant Points) (Any two points to be examined) 16

28 i. Madras developed by incorporating innumerable surrounding villages and by creating opportunities and spaces for a variety of communities. ii. iii. iv. Several different communities came and settled in Madras, performing a range of economic functions. The dubashes were Indians who could speak two languages the local language and English. Brahmins started competing for similar positions in the administration. v. Gujarati bankers had also been present since the eighteenth century. vi. vii. The Nawab of Arcot settled in nearby Triplicane, which became the nucleus of a substantial Muslim settlement. San Thome with its cathedral was the centre for Roman Catholics. 16 (Any other relevant points) (Any two points be examined ) Buddhism in practice 91,92, (i) By assigning them work according to the strength (ii) By supplying food and wages (iii)by looking after them during sickness (iv) By sharing delicacies with them (v) Granting Leaves at times (Any other relevant Points) (Any two Points be examined) 2 17

29 16.2 (i) By affection in acts and speech and mind. (ii) By keeping open house to them (iii)by supplying them with their worldly needs. 2 (Any other relevant Points) (Any two Points be examined) 16.3 (i) The world is transient (annica) and constantly changing. (ii) It is also soulless (anatta). (iii)nothing is permanent or eternal on it. 3 (iv) Sorrows (Dukkha) are intrinsic to human existence. (v) He emphasized righteous actions. (vi) It is by following path of moderation between severe penances and left indulgence that human beings can rise above these worldly troubles. (vii) God s existence was irrelevant. (viii) Emphasized individual agency and righteous action means to escape from the cycle of rebirth and selfrealization and nibbana. (ix) Extinguishing of the ego and desire and thus end the cycle. (x) Emphasis was placed on Metta (follow feeling) and Karuna (compassion). (Any Three Points to be examined) (Any other relevant points) 18

30 17 For Visually Impaired Candidates 17.1 Any one (Punjab, Sind, Bombay, Madras, Masulipatnam, Berar, Bengal, Bihar, Orrisa, Awadh, Surat, Calcutta, Decca, Chittagong, Patna, Banaras, Allahbad and Lucknow) Any one (Delhi,Agra,Panipat,Amber,Ajmer,Lahore,Goa) Any Three (Sanchi, Amravati,Lumbini, Nasik,Barhut, Bodh Gaya, Shravasthi, Ajanta and Nagarjunkonda)

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