Teacher s Guide for Calliope

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Archibald Hunter
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1 Teacher s Guide for Calliope 30 Events that Shaped the World May/June 2011 Teacher s Guide prepared by: Nancy Attebury, B.S. Elementary Ed., M.A. Children s Literature. She is a children s author from Idaho. The Birth of Democracy page 2 group work Divide the class in fourths. -Have one fourth create five questions about Solon and his way of governing. -Have another fourth come up with five questions about Cleisthenes and his way of governing. -Have the next fourth make up five questions about the Assembly. -Have the last fourth create five questions about the Council. Have each group present their questions in front of the rest of the class and ask for answers. Then discuss the good aspects about the way Solon and Cleisthenes set up the government. Magna Carta page 4 research, draw comparisons Find copies of the Magna Carta, the Unites States Constitution, and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Compare the three important documents. Note what all have in common, what is different about each, and why the Magna Carta was so important. The Printing Press page 6 timeline --As a class, find different types of print in books or online. --Make a class timeline of important points dealing with print and printing. Begin with the quill pen and end with modern ways we see printed words. Be sure to consider computer print in your timeline. --Discuss how printing methods used today are better than the print done with the printing press. Columbus Reaches America page 8 comprehension Read the article about Columbus. Divide into groups of 4 or 5. Have each group choose a different explorer. Have each group make a chart with these points: Name of explorer Dates of explorer s travels Where explorers went What deeds were accomplished by the explorer What the accomplishments still mean today Possible explorers: Cortez, Pizarro, John Glen, Amundsen, John Rae, Neil Armstrong The Battle of Cajamarca page 9 analyze information Explain how it is possible that Pizarro with his 168 men defeated Atahuallopa s 80,000 troops. Discuss how horses, artillery, other weapons, internal struggles, and superstitions played a role. The Battle of Poitiers page 10 mapping, drawing conclusions Find a map or maps showing areas similar to those on the map on page 10. Then, as a class, locate these: --Area from Persia to Spain --Aquitaine --Northern France --Poiters Explain what each area had to do with the Battle of Poiters.

2 Gunpowder page 11 organizing important points Develop a class list with three to five simple steps outlining how gunpowder works. Then have students number off using numbers one to five. Break into the five groups to research the following topics and present a short report to the class on how gunpowder is used for each. --Group one flamethrowers --Group three rockets --Group two fireworks --Group four weapons Group five industries The Shot Heard Round the World page 12 cause/effect Fill in the blanks to see how this episode grew and grew. 1. Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife Sophie visited Bosnia -Herzegovina creating an opportunity for the group to them. 2. The Black Hand group wanted - to become independent from Austro-Hungary. 3. Austria blamed Serbia for the murders so they presented to Serbia. 4. Demands were not met so Austria. 5. Austria declared war and Russia. 6. When Russia entered the war. 7. Because of entangled alliances most, the, and countries from the were at war. The shot had created I. The Bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki page 13 research Read the article and discuss as a class. Then research other bombing and/or nuclear disasters. Gather information to share with the class. Hint: Disasters may include Chernobyl and the Japan disaster of The End of the Dinosaurs page 14 creative writing and definitions 1. Create a news bulletin about an approaching asteroid and what it could do to Earth. or 2.Write a fictional account of an asteroid impact from the point of view of a dinosaur. Use some of these words from the article to write your account. Extinct KT Boundary Cretaceous period iridium Asteroid interplanetary impacts crater megatons Mega-tsunamis species impact evolve The Incandescent Lamp page 15 word puzzle Fill in the blanks with the names of inventors. Put one letter in each box going across. Start in the box with the number 1. A special word will appear in the boxes under the *** if you do the puzzle correctly. 1. Inventor of a radio telegraph system. 2. Invented the cotton gin. 3. Invented the telephone. 4. Invented the lightning rod and spectacles. 5. Developed the idea of horsepower. 6. Invented the elevator. 7. Invented the printing press. 8. Invented the light bulb. 1. ***

3 V 6. Suez Canal page 18 Read the article about the Suez Canal. Then do some research on the canals below. On the blanks, write what the canal connects. (See sample). Example: Mediterranean Sea Suez Canal Red Sea Champlain Canal Erie Canal Lake Washington Ship Canal Panama Canal Sturgeon Bay Ship Canal Manchester Ship Canal Eurasia Canal Man Walks on the Moon page 19 persuasive writing Choose one of the following and write a paragraph about it. 1. It was very important for the U.S. to have astronauts go to the moon. Find information from the library or internet to support your statement. 2. Space exploration should not continue. Support your statement with facts found when researching. Share the paragraphs and discuss them when completed. On a Roll page 20 art and drawing conclusions Find pictures of things with wheels. Make a large collage for the room that shows wheeled things. Talk about things you use with wheels. Discuss how the wheels make jobs easier for you. Crossing the Hellespont page 21 true/false Make a map showing cities established by Alexander and label the statements as T or F. _F The only settlers allowed in Alexander s first cities were Greeks who accompanied him on campaigns. _T Alexander liked to combine East and West to make a new culture. _F Alexander did not care to conquer the western coast of Asia Minor. _T Koine was a new Greek language that was a combination of different dialects. _T Hellenism is what historians refer to as the adoption and spread of Greek culture after the Greeks crossed the Hellespont. The Battles of Lexington and Concord Define the following: page 22 debate

4 Colonists Patriots Minutemen Redcoats Historians Divide into groups of 3 or 4. Flip a coin in your group. Heads you become colonists, tails you are Redcoats. Research the reasons the colonists wanted independence and reasons Britain wanted to retain its hold on the colonists. Then write a newscast about the Battle of Lexington from your POV (what you became when you flipped the coin) as if your side won. Share the articles. Oil Discovered in Pennsylvania page 23 timeline As a class make a timeline of oil discoveries in the U.S. Then make three large posters that tell: 1. where 57% of the oil not produced in the U.S. comes from. 2. how oil is extracted from petroleum. 3. how oil is used. The Epic Hero page 24 comparisons Define Epic Hero Tell why the following are considered Epic Heroes: Odysseus from the Odyssey and Achilles from the Iliad Who would you consider an Epic Hero in today s films or books? Why? Think of three and write why you think they are Epic Heroes. Explain what characteristics all Epic Heroes have in common. Origin of the Species page 26 comprehension 1. Who came up with the idea of evolution? 2. What led Darwin to believe that all species can vary or change over time? 3. What did he call the struggle for life? 4. What book by Darwin was considered a major scientific work? 5. Did Darwin mention humans in his theory? 6. What makes you aware that Darwin s theory was relevant to many people? DNA page 28 science Find pictures of DNA in science books. As a class, discuss why it is a major discovery in science and make a list of ways DNA helps us in the world today. Lucy page 29 vocabulary Write a short account of Lucy s discovery and include the vocabulary words. Share with the class. fossilized surveying geologist paleontologist examined fragments evolution bi-pedal Microchips page 30 condense/organize information Working in groups of 3 or 4, make a poster explaining how a microchip works. Talk about the posters and put them up for the class to see. The World Wide Web page 31 discussion As a class, discuss the World Wide Web and how its implementation changed the world. Stress how it makes researching easier and how you use it yourself.

5 Black Tuesday page 32 chronological order Number these events so that they are in the correct order. The economic conditions led to fascism. Nine million Americans did not have any money in their savings account. The economic depression spread to Asia, Africa, and Latin America. There was a wide depression in the U.S. The richest 1% of the population earned almost 20% of the U.S. income. Stock prices collapsed. World War I ended. Fascism caused WWII. The Russian Revolution page 34 Break into groups of 4 or 5 with each group assigned one of the leaders below. Research to find out the basic ideas of the leaders. List the ideas under the headings and then discuss the pros and cons of their ideas. Nicolas Lenin The Sykes-Picot Agreement page 36 Britain and France signed this agreement in secret. However, they forgot that Russia had a signed copy, too. Russia released the agreement thereby angering the Arab people. Why? List three reasons the Arab people were angered when they found out about the agreement Thesis page 38 Something is wrong with each statement below. Change each sentence to make it true as it pertains to the article. In 1517 Martin Luther tacked up the Ninety-Five Theses on the Power of Protestants on a door of Wittenberg University. These propositions were not open for debate. The first thesis said Christian life should be an ongoing act of indulgence. Luther agreed with the church s position on indulgences. Luther s belief put him in conflict with the government. Two years after the theses were posted by Luther a top theologian claimed that Luther was a protestant. For many years Luther and others continued to disagree with the church goals. Luther and his followers were called Protestants, a name that means Catholics that do not follow the teachings of the Roman Catholic Church. The Unification of China page 40 Fill in the blanks below to explain how Shi Huangdi unified China with the topics below. Writing Highways Axles Weights/Measures Currency

6 The Black Death page 42 Make a class list of several things that changed because of the Bubonic Plague. Explain why and how these things changed Answer Key: The Shot Heard Round the World page 12 cause/effect 1. Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife Sophie visited Sarajevo creating an opportunity for the Black Hand group to assassinate them. 2. The Black Hand group wanted Bosnia-Herzegovina to become independent from Austro-Hungary. 3. Austria blamed Serbia for the murders so they presented demands to Serbia. 4. Demands were not met so Austria declared war on Serbia. 5. Austria declared war and Russia came to the aid of Serbia. 6. When Russia entered the war Germany declared war on France and Russia. 7. Because of entangled alliances most European nations, the United States and, and countries from the Middle East were at war. The shot had created World War I. The Incandescent Lamp page 15 1.M A R C O N I *** 2.W H I T N E Y V 3. B E L L 4. F R A N K L I N 5.W A T T 7. G U T E N B E R G 6. O T I S 8. E D I S O N Suez Canal page 18 End of Lake Champlain Champlain Canal Hudson River in NY Albany, NY Erie Canal Buffalo, NY Lake Washington Lake Washington Ship Canal Puget Sound Atlantic Ocean Panama Canal Pacific Ocean Sturgeon Bay Sturgeon Bay Ship Canal Lake Michigan Eastham Locks Manchester Ship Canal Manchester Caspian Sea Eurasia Canal Black Sea Crossing the Hellespont page 21 _F The only settlers allowed in Alexander s first cities were Greeks who accompanied him on campaigns. _T Alexander liked to combine East and West to make a new culture. _F Alexander did not care to conquer the western coast of Asia Minor. _T Koine was a new Greek language that was a combination of different dialects.

7 _T Hellenism is what historians refer to as the adoption and spread of Greek culture after the Greeks crossed the Hellespont. Origin of the Species page Anaximander 2. His observations on a five year voyage around the world. 3. Natural Selection 4. Origin of a Species 5. Darwin did not mention humans in this book. 6. Darwin s book is very popular and 75,000 to 100,000 copies of it have been sold. Black Tuesday page 32 Number these events so that they are in the correct order. _7 The economic conditions led to fascism. _5 Nine million Americans did not have any money in their savings account. _6 The economic depression spread to Asia, Africa, and Latin America. _4 There was a wide depression in the U.S. _2 The richest 1% of the population earned almost 20% of the U.S. income. _3 Stock prices collapsed. _1 World War I ended. _8 Fascism caused WWII. The Russian Revolution page 34 Answers may vary somewhat. Nicolas Nicolas based his political beliefs on strong commitment to his conservative moral judgments and his religious views. Lenin Lenin believed in the dictatorship of the wage earners or poor class of working people. The Sykes-Picot Agreement page The Arab people wanted economic and political independence. 2. They felt the agreement exploited them and their lands. 3. The agreement deepened the conflict between the Palestinians and the Jews. 95 Thesis page 38 In 1517 Martin Luther tacked up the Ninety-Five Theses on the Power of Protestants (Indulgence) on a door of Wittenberg University. These propositions were not (omit not) open for debate. The first thesis said Christian life should be an ongoing act of indulgence (penance). Luther did not agree with the church s history (position) on indulgences. Luther s belief put him in conflict with the government (church). Two years after the theses were posted by Luther a top theologian claimed that Luther was a protestant (heretic). For many years Luther and others continued to disagree with the church movement (practices). Luther and his followers were called Protestants, a name that means Catholics (Christians) that do not follow the teachings of the Roman Catholic Church.

8 The Unification of China page 40 Fill in the blanks below to explain how Shi Huangdi government unified China with the topics below. Writing Highways Axles Weights/Measures Currency One style of writing was made universal in the empire. Five great speedways fanned out from the capital. Axle widths were all the same. Huangdi made weights and measures standardized. Many coins were replaced with 2 basic kinds.

WWI Horsham ( ) Friends of Horsham Museum

WWI Horsham ( ) Friends of Horsham Museum WWI Horsham (1914-1918) World War One (1914-1918) Today we will look at how World War One began then how the war effected people at home A few Key Facts: - It is also known as the Great War and the First