Index of biblical references

Transcription

1 of biblical references Gen Lev Lev Lev Deut Deut II Reg II Reg II Reg II Reg III Reg III Reg III Reg IV Reg IV Reg II Par Iob Iob Iob , 274 Ps , 270 Ps Ps Ps Ps Ps Ps Prov Prov Eccle Sap , 174 Sap , 192 Sap Eccli Is Is , 172, 174 Is Is Ier Ier Ez Ez , 114, 121, 215, 223, 279 Ez Ez Ez Ez Ez Ez Ez Ez Ez Ez Os Os Ioel Ion Nah Agg Mal II Mach II Mach II Mach II Mach Matth Matth Matth Matth , 271 Matth Matth Marc Luc Luc Ioh , Ioh Act I Cor II Cor II Tim II Tim II Tim I Petr I Petr , 237 III Esdr

2 General index Aachen, palace of 28, 30, 34, 40 4, 47, 49 50, 57, 60, 69 70, 72, 88, 91, 95, 138, 149 assemblies at (802) 23 (813) (816) 22 3, 131 (817) 22 3, 26 (828 9) 107, (831) 45 (836) 53, 183 chapel dedicated to St Mary 19, 73, 75, 161 coronation of Louis at earthquakes in 84, takeover by Louis in , solarium at 185 abbesses 37, 61, 139, 155, 185 abbots 37, 61, 155, 185 free election of 166 lay 22, 96, 102, 107, 168, 264 Abel 20 Abu Marwan 39, 150 Achab 178, 229 Adalhard, abbot of Corbie and Corvey 20 1, 23, 35 6, 61, 103 4, 106, 108, 122 6, 129, 142 3, 153 4, 216 authority of 117, exile of 20 1, 123 See also De ordine palatii Adalhard the seneschal 97, Adelaid, sister of Louis the Pious 14 Adhemar, monk 29, 82 admonitio 5, and accusation 114, and frank speech and mirrors of princes 117 by rulers 5, 17, 27, 85, 124 5, of rulers 71, 79, , and use of biblical texts in visionary literature vocabulary of See also Louis the Pious, criticism of; correptio; increpatio Admonitio ad omnis regni ordines (825) 37, 53, 132 3, 152, 155, 182, 249 Admonitio generalis (789) 17, 117, adultery 42, , 162, , 230, 239 adventus 15, 44, 211, and textual strategies of defamation 47, 62, Aethelbald, king of Mercia Agobard, archbishop of Lyons 51 3, 61, 115, 131, 142 7, 149, 218, 248, 262, Apologia I 195 6, Apologia II 212, at assembly of Attigny (822) 124 6, 142 3, 153 4, 159, 167, 170, 186 7, at assembly of Compiègne (833) on Jews 144 5, 192 on Judith 146 7, 188, on Matfrid 144 5, 151 Airlie, Stuart 12, 96, 101 Aizo, rebel in Septimania 39, Alberic, blind visionary Alcuin 5, 20, 174, 192 Alemannia 30, 41, 46, 52, 215 Alexander the Great 94 Alpais, daughter of Louis 15, 22 Alsace 1, 41, 47, 51, 224 Althoff, Gerd 245 Ambrose of Milan 109, 196 De excessu fratris and Theodosius I 6, 36, , 121 5, , 297 Amorites 229 Angers 30, 91 Angilbert of St-Riquier 96 Anjou 52 Annales Bertiniani 65 6, 82, 250 authorship of 65, 265 See also Hincmar; Prudentius Annales Fuldenses 54 Annales regni Francorum 18, 28, 33, 35, 60, 82, 122 3, 128, 148, 152, 156 7, 163, 206 7,

3 General index 307 authority of 66 composition of 63 7 Revised Version of 64 Ansegis, abbot of St-Wandrille 37 Collectio capitularum of 37, 53, 132 3, 154 Aquitaine, Kingdom of 21 2, 34 Louis rule of monasticism in 18 19, 23 Ardennes, hunting in 22, 42, 214, 250 Ardo (Smaragdus), see Benedict of Aniane, Life of aristocracy 17, 30, 46, 73, 155, 235, 264 ethos of 11 12, 78 9, 96 8, and Louis the Pious 39 40, 44, 56 7, 199, See also fideles; magnates; nobiles; primores; populus; proceres Arsenius, see Wala Assemblies 22, 34, 125, 131, and ecclesiastical councils 34 function of 35, 60, 214 locations of 34 See conventus procerum; conventus publicus; also Aachen; Attigny; Compiègne; Doué; Frankfurt; Ingelheim; Limoges; Nijmegen; Quierzy; Thionville; Vannes; Worms Astronomer, the Vita Hludowici imperatoris 11, 15 16, 19 20, 28 31, 43 7, 50, 54, 57 8, 79 89, 134 5, 152 3, 214 5, 252 on birth of Charles the Bald 94 5 on Christian kingship 83 4, 122, 128 9, 268 on rebellion of , on rebellion of , , 224 7, 241 2, 250, sources of 64 5, 67, 82 3 structure of 82 3, 87 on takeover of Aachen by Louis 20 1, astronomy 62 atonement 2, 6, by almsgiving and fasting 155 collective 7, 40, 126, 154 7, 176 liturgy of 154 royal 83, 119, 122 4, 126 7, 129, 203 4, 210, 231, 242, 259 and social order See also divine retribution Attigny, assembly of (822) 32, 34 5, 142 3, 167 imperial penance at 6, 35 6, 108, , 156, 209, 231, 259, 263 Augustine, City of God 88, 222 Augustus, emperor 109, 185 authority 69, 82, 92, 103, 105, 124 5, 148, 151, 157 8, 169, 182 3, 187, 190, 193, 202, 204, 206, , 219, 221 4, 263 biblical divine 7, 37, 63, 135 6, 161 2, 166, of early Christianity 175, 219, 234, 244 episcopal 177, 183, 220, 233, 236 7, 263, 272 3, 276 imperial 2 3, 27, 31, 45, 53, 79, 90, 124, 176, , 225, 231, 244, 261 royal 16, 24, 31, 37, 55 6, 120, , 137, 168, 175, 190, 194 5, 247 9, Avars 16, 154 Badurad, bishop of Paderborn 251 Baldric, dux of Friuli 39 40, 150, 153 Barcelona 159 battle of (827) 148 9, 152 siege of (801/2) 16, 90 Bartholomew, bishop of Narbonne 234 Bathsebee 119 Bavaria, kingdom of 2, 22, 30, 33, 43, 46, 55, 87, Bego, count of Paris 22, 203 Benedict of Aniane, 18, 22 3, 35 6, 67, 139 Benedict of Nursia, see Rule of Benedict Bernard of Italy 18, 22, 235 6, 203, 239, 262 death of 29, , 265 revolt of 28 9, 206 Bernard of Septimania (or Barcelona) 44, 46, 100, 104, 110, accusations against 42 3, 146 7, made chamberlain 41 2, 99, 146 military hero 149, 159 as Naso 109 Bernarius, monk, brother of Wala 21 Berschin, Walter 88 Bertha, sister of Louis the Pious 14, 96, 192 bishops 249 auxiliary 73, 76 corporate ethos of and Louis s penance in , 50 3, 76, , ministry of 40, , 121 6, 237 8, 254, 257 See also Agobard; Alderic; Badurad; Bartholomew; Burchard; Ebo; Elias; Freculf; Ghaerbald; Haito; Herebold; Hetti; Hincmar; Jesse; Jonas; Leidrad; libertas episcopalis; Noto; Otgar; Paulinus; sacerdotes sacerdotium; Theodulf; Thomas blinding 29, 123, 201, 265

4 308 General index Blois 246, boni homines 4 Boniface of Mainz Booker, Courtney M. 10, 73, 88 Books of Kings 131 Boshof, Egon 220 Bretons 30, 34, 85, 90 1, 93, 266 Brittany 42, 216 Brun Candidus, Vita Aegil 133 Brunhild, Merovingian queen 115 Buc, Philippe 8, 205, 247 8, 269 Bulgars 39 40, 150, 153 Burchard, bishop of Vienne 234 Burgundy 41 Byzantium, envoys from 35, 46, 87 8, 229 Cabaniss, Allen 144 Canossa 9, 245, Capitulare de disciplina palatii Aquisgranensis capitularies 30, 34, 37, 116, 121, 163 issued jointly by Louis and Lothar 33 production of 53 programmatic 53, 132 3, 249 and sermons 131 caritas 108, 169, 187, 204 Carloman, brother of Pippin III conversion of 84 reform councils of 142 Carloman, son of Charles the Bald Cassiodorus, see Historia ecclesiastica tripartita Centenarii 4 Chalon-sur-Saône 34 devastation by Lothar 50 1, 85, 100, Charlemagne 6, 14 19, 23, 32, 35 6, 39, 40, 52 3, 61 2, 72, 76, 90, 96 7, 100 2, 120, 130 1, 154 6, 166, 180, 188, 200, 218, 253, 264 concubines of 29, 140, 191 and councils of , 23, 26, 121 criticism of 113, 116, 126 and daughters 188 9, in hell 137 9, 141 portrayal of by Einhard 67 9, 74 6, 185 portrayal of by Thegan 73 4 succession of 19 20, 25, 29, 92, 122, and voluntary public penance Charles the Bald 44, 46, 50, 56 7, 80 1, 96 9, 114, 130, 134, 173, 199, 211, 216, 260, as Benjamin 94, 189 birth of 32, 37 8, 68, 77, 84, 87, 257 on Ebo 77, 252 3, exiled to Prüm (833) 48, 225 as king of Aquitaine 55, 265 marriage to Ermentrude (842) and succession arrangements 41, 45 6, 51 2, 54, , 215 Charles the Fat, son of Louis the German 185, Charles Martel 20, 94, 166, 199 Charles the Younger 17 19, 26 Chasseneuil 14 Chelles, royal nunnery of 32 Balthild s relics at 46 See also Gisela; Heilwig Childebert I, Merovingian king 83 Chindasuinth, Visigothic king 244 Christian people, see populus christianus church early medieval conceptions of 37 modern conceptions of 9 See also cultus divinus; ecclesiastical property; respublica; sancta ecclesia; status ecclesiae Churrhaetia 41 Cicero 67 cingulum militiae 48 clades 39, 151, 153 4, 165, 174 5, 178 Clovis, king 14, 25 Columbanus of Luxeuil comitatus 60, 159 Compiègne, palace of 1, 22, 33 4, 77, 152 assembly of (823) 143 (830) 42 3, 85, 99, 208 9, 237, 259, 263 (833) 1, 29, 48 9, 51, 87, 209, , 245, concubines, see Charlemagne, concubines of; marriage Conrad, brother of Judith 43, 206 consors imperii 32 Constantine I, emperor 25, 94, 116 Constantinople 56, 88, 130 Constitutio Romana (824) 37 contubernium conventus procerum 40, 158 conventus publicus generalis 34, 158, 171 Corbie, abbey of 21, 35, 43, , 128, 146, 210, 265 as Jerusalem 110 correctio 5, 17, 23, 36, 38, 40, 51, 71 2, 77, 116, 120 1, 130, 147, 157, 160 3, 170 1, correptio 112, 124, 131 biblical vocabulary of See also admonitio; increpatio Corvey, abbey of 107, 110 foundation by Adalhard and Wala 103

5 General index 309 councils, ecclesiastical 24, 131 of , 23, 26, 121 of , 53, 118, 143, conventus episcoporum 170 of Aachen (802) 23 (816/17) 22 3, 131 (836) 53, of Paris (829) of Rome (826) 38 of Soissons (853) 265 court culture and monasteries courtiers aulici 69, networks of patronage of 77, 158, 199 rivalry among See also familiaritas; homines palatii; palace crimina 240, 255 cultus divinus 23 4, 27, 99 royal responsibility for 17, 24, 73 4, 83 4, , 131, 270 custody 43, 46, 47, 225 light (libera) 243, 263, 266 monastic 43, 196, 215, 266 strict 48, 243, 263, Cyrus, king 94 David, king 20, 54, 93, , 122, 240, 242 De ordine palatii, see Adalhard; Hincmar deditio Depreux, Philippe 9, 11 Dhuoda Liber manualis 100, 260 See also Bernard of Septimania Dionysius, St 139 discord 27, 29, 36, 41, 46, 57 8, 87, 94, 142 3, 146, 187 8, 199, 204 5, 225, 251, 260, 273 divine retribution 3 4, 12, 27, , 120, 167, 170 3, 178, 229, 231, 245, 249, 252, 274 by disasters 151 2, 157, portents and signs of 135 6, See clades; iudicium dei Divisio regnorum (806) 26, 29, 123 Doherty, Hugh 80 1 Doué, assembly at (814) 19 Douglas, Mary 202 Drogo, half-brother of Louis, bishop of Metz 21, 28 9, 36, 44, 48, 51 2, 57 8, 65, 80 1, 88 9, 123, 129, 156, 211, 216, 258 Duby, Georges, Dimanche de Bouvines 7 Durandus, abbot 91 Dutton, Paul E. 136 Ebo, archbishop of Rheims 22, 53, 73, 76 80, 87, , 142, 150, 170, 241, deposition of 2 and Louis s penance 115, 234, 263 monastic exile of 45 penance of 77, 207 public confession of as scapegoat 51, 149, 252, 261 trial of (835) Einhard 18, 22, 60, 64, 66 72, 91 2, 95, 147 in Aachen in , 60, , 164, 186, 202, 260 admonishes Lothar marriage to Imma 22, 71, 192 and Seligenstadt 22, 70 Einhard s Translatio SS Marcellini et Petri 69 70, 82, 160 5, 194, 261 structure of visions and signs in 136, 141, 161 3, 166 See also Alberic; libelli; Wiggo Einhard s Vita Karoli 22, 43, 67 9, 112, 141, classical models of 67, 185 dating of 67 9 influence of 72 6, 82 Elias, bishop of Troyes 261 emendatio 23, 30, 38, 116, 157 Emma, sister of Empress Judith and wife of Louis the German 32 empire, see imperial rule Epistola generalis (828) manuscript tradition of Epitaphium Arsenii, see Radbert s Epitaphium Arsenii Ermentrude, first wife of Charles the Bald 97, 101 Ermold the Black exile of and Pippin I 90 Ermold s Poem in honour of Louis the Pious 16, 18, 24 5, 38, description of Ingelheim 93 4 image of Louis in 90 3 Erwig, Visigothic king 224 Esther, book of 30, 84, 205 Eugenius II, pope 38 Eusebius Ecclesiastical History 129 excommunication 220, 222, 240, 243, 250, 263 4, 267 exile, monastic 7, 21, 23, 28, 45, 107, 124, 187, 206 8, 210, 232 3, 247, 265 See also public penance Ezekiel, prophet 79, , 117, 121, 182, 223, 236, 238

6 310 General index familiaritas 62, 90, 144, 186 7, 192, 199 Fastrada, queen 15 16, 154 fideles (faithful men) 4, 12, 33, 35, 39, 44 6, 48, 54 5, 60, , 120, 124, 136, 142, 147, 155 7, 171, 173, 178, 198, 212, 227, 239, 260 See also populus fides (faith/fidelity) ideal of 11 12, 62, 86, 97, 100 1, 105, 108 9, 145, 169, 204 5, 209, 212, 222, 227 See also oaths Field of Lies 48, 85 6, 88, 134, 195 6, 217, , 239, 253, 263 Flodoard of Rheims 253 Fontenoy, battle of (841) 3, 53, 56, 66, 81, 96, 224 Franci homines 4 Francia 79, 86, 93, 160 Frankfurt 22, 34 assembly at (873) Franks 14, 16, 18, 20, 25, 44, 53, 75, 93, 100, 155, 163, 211, 214, 249, 260 reputation of 89, 92, 94, 150, 188, 195 6, 204 Freculf of Lisieux, Histories Fridugisus, abbot, archchancellor 38, 159 Frisians 94 Fulco, archchaplain 65 Gabriel (the archangel) 136, 141, Ganz, David 70, 104 Gelasius I, pope, letter to Athanasius 176 7, 180 Gerberga, sister of Bernard of Septimania 51, Germania 22, 30 Gerold, count, brother-in-law of Charlemagne 140 Gerona 152 Gerung, counsellor of Lothar 32, 38, 126 Ghaerbald, bishop of Liège Gisela, daughter of Louis and Judith 32 Gisela, sister of Charlemagne and abbess of Chelles 32 Gisela, sister of Louis Gregory, bishop of Tours 83, Gregory IV, pope intervention in 833 of 13, 47, 53, 211, , letter of 833 ascribed to 47, Gregory VII, pope 176 Gregory the Great, pope Dialogues 106 Regula pastoralis 4, 118, 131, 271 Gregory of Nazianzen 222 Grimald of Reichenau, abbot of St-Gall 95, 138, 189 Grimoald, duke of Benevento 16 Gundrada, sister of Wala 21 Guntram, Merovingian king 83, 116 Hadrian I, pope 14 Halley s comet (837) 67, 80, 82, 136 Halphen, Louis 2 Harald, Danish king 38 9, 90, 94, 148, 150 harmiscara Heilwig, mother of Empress Judith and abbess of Chelles 32, 46 Heito of Reichenau, Visio Wettini 116, , 203 Helisachar, archchancellor 21, 38, 66, 90 1, 142, 144, 159 Henry III, emperor 267 Henry IV, emperor, penance at Canossa 9, 246, 267 Herebold, bishop of Auxerre 234, 262 Heribert, brother of Bernard of Septimania 43, 201 Herstal, capitulary of (778/9) Hetti, bishop of Trier 80 Hilary of Poitiers, St 139 Hildebold, archbishop of Cologne 22 Hildegard, queen marriage to Charlemagne 30 offspring 14, 17 Hildegard, sister of Louis 14 Hildemar, monk of Corbie/Civate 185 Hilduin, abbot of St-Denis and archchaplain 22, 38, 45, 53, 61, 65 6, 91 2, 143, 159, 194 as Aaron 95 exiled in , 210 and relics of St Sebastian 60, 69, 71, 160 1, 186 Hiltrude, daughter of Charles Martel 190 Hincmar, archbishop of Rheims 61, 136, 255, See also De ordine palatii Historia ecclesiastica tripartita Homer 78, 95 homines palatini 22, 59 61, 77, 90, 188, 199, 204 honestas 195, 197 8, 204 Honorius, son of Theodosius I 107, 109

7 General index 311 Hraban Maur, abbot of Fulda 120, 192, 232 3, 263 on Ebo 255 on Judith 205 on obedience of sons to fathers 164, Hugh, abbot of St-Quentin and St-Bertin, half-brother of Louis 21, 28 9, 36, 123, 126 Hugh, count of Tours 32, 38 9, 42 3, 53, 90, 159, 189 deposition of 40, , 160, 188, 199, 202 as scapegoat 78, 86 7, , 157, 251 2, 261 hunting 22, 41 2, 73, 152, 160 1, 195 and political stability 51, 153, 158, 214 Imma, wife of Einhard 22, 71, 192 imperial rule 10, 27 8, 43, 92 3, 96, 99, 188, 194, 200, 208 9, 221 2, 226 8, 239, 256, 260 imperium christianum and papacy 37 incest 42, 190, 195, 197, 230 increpatio 43, 130, 134 5, 142, 146 7, 175, 210, 215 biblical vocabulary of 114, See also admonitio; correptio Inden, monastery of, see Kornelimünster Ingelheim assembly at (831) 45, 56 7, 214 palace of 16, 34, 38, 80, 93, 148, 158, 189 Ingram, count in Neustria (father of Irmingard) 17 Innes, Matthew 10, 74, 185 Irmingard, empress, wife of Lothar 32, 104 Irmingard, empress, wife of Louis 17, 29, 30 2, 194, 203 crowned augusta 24 5, 76, 84, 218 death of Isaac 20 Isaiah 237, 243 Italy 16, 41 2, 45, 54, 86, 104, 106, 126, 200, 210, 214, 217, 250 2, kingdom of 2, 14 15, 18, 28, 32 3, 51 2, 203, 212 See also Bernard; Lothar itinerary, royal 35, 90 1 iudicium dei 1, 27, 48, 96, 141, 165 6, , 172, 223 5, 228, 230, 235 6, 242, 253, 263, Jacob 20 Jeremiah, prophet of doom 86, 243, 253 Lamentations of 103 See also Wala as Jeremiah Jeroboam, king 76, 229 Jerome, translator of Scripture 179 Jesse, bishop of Amiens 234, Jezabel, queen 229 Job 230, 243 John Cassian, Collationes 106 Joiada, priest Jonas, bishop of Orléans 53, 91, 130, 232, 244 and controversy over images 38 and council of Paris (829) 171, , 187 De institutione regia 117 Jonas of Bobbio 115 Joshua Lothar as 94, 120, 148 Josiah, king 17, 131 Judith, empress 3, 10, 13, 41, 48, 50, 54, 57 8, 70, 87, 90, 94 5, 110, 130, 134, 161, 200, 225, 239 accusations against 42, 188, 195 8, 230 1, 260 and Ebo 253, as Esther 30, 84, 205 as Justina , marriage to Louis 30 2, 84 monastic exile of 43, 206 8, public role of 31 2, 38, 46, 148, , 193 5, 199, 201, restoration of 44, 146, , 216 Julian of Toledo justice, administration of 162, 169, 173, 212, 255, 264 Justinian I, emperor Justinian II, emperor 109 Karolus magnus et Leo papa (Paderborn epic) 90, Kingship 7, 15, 35, 59, 135, 249, 266 and accountability to God 1, 4, 24, 37, 115, 137, 270 and biblical commentary 7, 62, 74, biblical models of 116, Christian ideals of 37 8, 83 4, 130 1, and eloquence 133, 147 without justice 101, 143 See also correction; cultus divinus; emendatio; imperial rule; imperium christianum; ministerium; Old Testament; Pseudo-Cyprian; queenship Kornelimünster (Inden) 22 Koziol, Geoffrey 246 Kulturkampf 176

8 312 General index Lambert, count of Nantes 90 1 Laon, St Mary/Notre-Dame of 42, 205 Le Mans, duchy of 54 Leidrad, archbishop of Lyons 61 Leo IV, pope 46, 260 Lérins, monastery of 21 Levison, Willhelm libelli 40, 136, 158 9, Liber pontificalis 24 libertas episcopalis 118, 180 Liudewit, dux of Lower Pannonia 26 Liutgard, wife of Charlemagne Loire 19, 21, 54 Lorsch, abbey of 182 Lothar, twin brother of Louis the Pious 14 Lothar I, emperor 17, 21, 32 3, 35, 37 41, 46, 57 8, 70, 80 1, 90, 94, , 107, 109, 120 1, 126, 149, , 178, 244, 258 co-emperor 25, 27 8, godfather and patron of Charles 32, 37, 41 and Italy 32 3, 41 2, 45, 52, 54, 56 7, 212, 214 and rebellion of , and rebellion of , 47 51, 55 6, 78 9, 85 7, 200 1, 217, 224 8, 231 7, 244 9, 252, 260 3, 272 4, 277, 278 submission in See also consors imperii Lothar II, king 195 Louis the German 16, 21, 32 3, 40 1, 45 6, 49 55, 81, 141, as Gratian 109 and rebellion of 833 2, 49 50, 87, 97, 225, 252, 265, 268 and rebellion of , 55 7, 137 Louis the Pious accusations against 29 birth of 14 capitularies of 30, 30 4, 37, 116, 130 3, 163 charters of 6, 10, 22, 30 as a Christian emperor 24, 31, 33, 36 7, 64, 72 4, 76, 83 8, 259 clementia of 86 9, 92, 134 5, 143, 153, 206 7, 226, 261 coronation of by Charlemagne (813) 18 19, 76, 90, 124, 134, 238 criticism of 68, 70, 102, 107, , 124, crowned emperor (816) 24 5, 76, 90, 194, 218, 253 expeditions to Brittany 30, 42, 90 2, 216 and filial (dis)obedience 15 16, 32, 45, 56, 62, 163 4, 215, 226 and half-brothers 21, 28 9, 35, 52, 123, 128 and (half-)sisters 21, 98, humility of 13, 19 20, 33, 126 7, 147, 209, 231, 241, 243 5, 250, 259 intitulatio of 56, 173 mandates of 34 marriage to Irmingard marriage to Judith 30 2, 84 and minting 23, 37, 133 and monastic conversion 17, 49, 84, 98 9, 208, 234, 241, 244 monastic reforms of 18, 22 3, 36, 169 and orthodoxy 37 8 and papacy 24, 37, 76, 176 7, penance of in Attigny (822) 6, 9, 35 6, 108, , 156, 209, 231, 259, 263 penance of in Soissons (833) 1 3, 48 50, 56, 73, , 129, 135, , pietas of 75, 92 public confession in Compiègne (830) 42 3, 85, 99, 208 9, 237, 259, 263 rebellion of , 33, 42 3, 45, 85 6, 103, 134, 204 9, rebellion of , 33, 51 2, 55, 57, 77, 85 7, 100, , 222 reconciliation of 50 1, 123 4, 127, 236, 246, restoration of 2, 19, 29, 50 2, 66, 77, 219, , 261 2, 272 and self-incrimination 114, 126, 232 sins of 1, 6, 36 7, 48, 113, 122, 125 8, 140, 172 3, 175, 182, 222 4, , , 263, 268, sub-king of Aquitaine 15 19, succession arrangements 25 8, 45 7, 54 7, See also Aachen; Judith Lucan 78 Lyons, archdiocese of 40, 143 4, 149, 240 council of (829) 170 McKitterick, Rosamond 53 McLean, Simon magnates, see aristocracy; proceres Mainz council of (829) 40, 170, 176 (mala) fama 186, 191, 198, 255 Manasses 178 manuscripts Barcelona, Archivo de la Corona de Aragón, Ripoll , n.114 Cologne, Sankt Maria im Kapitol A II/18 66, n.30

9 General index 313 Geneva, Bibliothèque Publique et Universitaire MS lat , n.97 Karlsruhe, Badische Landesbibliothek Cod. Aug. Perg , n.87 London, British Library Harley , n.146 Paris, Bibliothèque Nationale de France Lat Lat , n.115 Rome, Biblioteca apostolica Vaticana Chigi III , n.115 Reg. lat , n.115 Vat. lat , n.115 St Omer, Bibliothèque municipale MS , n.110 St Petersburg, Saltykov-Schedrin National Library Lat. F.v.IV.4 82, n.110 Lat. F.v.I , n.65 Vienna, Österreichische Nationalbibliothek Lat , n.18, 64 Lat Marcellinus and Peter, Sts, relics of 69 72, 82, 160 4, 186 See also Einhard; Seligenstadt marriage legitimacy of 16, 268 royal alliances of 30 2, 52, 84, 101, 194 See also concubines martyrs 139 authority of Roman relics of 60, 69 70, 261 and sacred topography 71, 91 Matfrid, count of Orléans 38, 52, 90 1, 144 5, 159, 187 8, 189, 199 deposition of rebellion of 42 3, 85 6 as scapegoat , 251 2, 261 Meerssen, treaty of 264 Melchisedech, priest-king 83 Metz 29, 48, 51 2 church of St Arnulf 58, 80 church of St Stephen 51, 77, 254 6, Meuse 73, 96 Michael II, Byzantine emperor 37 military service 171, 232 ministerium (ministry) 4, , 121, 126, 151 2, 232 episcopal 36, 115, 175 9, 183, 222, 236, 254, 257, 270, royal 1, 37 8, 121 2, 131 2, 135, 182, 205, 237 9, missi 34, 40, 113, 117, 121, Moeglin, Jean-Marie 247 monasteries 17 18, 36 confraternity books of 137 and the court 61 2, and prayer for rulers 137 9, and royal patronage 133, 216 See also exile, monastic Moses 93, 164, 243 Louis the Pious as 94, Mulinheim see Seligenstadt Nabuchodonosor, king 230 Nantes, see Lambert Nathan, prophet 119, 242 negligentia 36, 40, 121 2, 125 6, 138, 150 2, 238 episcopal 181 3, 222 3, 236 royal 238 9, 273 4, Nelson, Janet L. 8, 9, 12, 30, 52 6, 96, 114 Neustria 45, 49 Nicholas I, pope 48, 252 Nijmegen, assemblies at 22, 55 (821) 28 (830) 43, 134, Ninevites 178 Nithard family of 96, 192 Histories 8, 82, audience of 97 8 image of Lothar in 81, 100 image of Louis the Pious in pessimism of 97, nobiles 77 8, 81 8 Noble, Thomas F. X. 3, 9, 13 Noirmoutier Adalhard s exile in 21, 129 St-Philibert 21 Notker Balbulus Gesta Karoli 108, on Aachen 185, 194 Noto, archbishop of Toulouse 170 oaths 2, 28, 32, 97, 134, 222 breaking of 54, 86, 88, , 202, , 223, 230, 239, of fidelity 37, 45 6, , 132, 199, 251 of purification 44, , 239 Occursus, see adventus Odilman, monk of Corbie (Severus) 106 Odo, count of Orléans 148 Old Testament 93, models of kingship 20, 120, 174 and vocabulary of admonition and sin Ordinatio imperii (817) 24 8, 32, 53, 68, 146, 223, 239

10 314 General index Ordines (orders) 4, 23, 37, 83, 138, 152, 155 6, complementarity of 132 confusion between 170, 177 Orléans 15, 91, 148, 215 Otgar, bishop of Mainz 80, 170 Otto III, emperor 267 Ovid (Naso) 78, 109 Paderborn 22, 34, 90 assembly at (785) 15 epic, see Karolus magnus et Leo papa Hilduin banished to 43, 210 paenitentia canonica 138, 233, 255 paenitentia ecclesiastica 49, 234, 237, 274 pagans 39 40, 150, 187, 266 palace 34 5, 94 5, 108, administration of justice in 173 clerics attached to 65 6, 168 disorder in 191, 194 7, 200 4, domus regia 93 4 domus sacra 184, 188 as a place of discipline 60 1, 71, 94, 193 4, 195 6, 270 reputation of , women in 21, 44, See also contubernium; court; honestas; sacrum palatium; Aachen; Attigny; Compiègne; Ingelheim; Frankfurt; Nijmegen; Quierzy; Thionville; Paderborn; Worms Pamplona 84 panegyrics 5, 59, 62, 83, 89 95, 145, Pannonia 38 9, 150 papacy 25, 37, 76 authority of and written tradition See also Eugenius II; Gelasius I; Gregory I; Gregory IV; Gregory VII; Hadrian I; Leo IV; Paschalis I; Stephen IV Paris, council of (829) 40, , 187, 221, 238, 255, 266 parrhesia, see admonitio Pascal I, pope 32 Paschasius Radbertus, see Radbert of Corbie Patzold, Steffen 10 11, 27 Paul, St 47, 87, 119, 178, 225, 249 Paulinus, bishop of Aquileia 20 penance, books of penance, public , 240 3, 245 9, imposition by bishops 179, 241 2, 250 as an instrument of royal justice 232 3, 264 in late antiquity 6, 36, 244 liturgy of 233, 237, 240, 250, 277, 279 of Louis in Attigny (822) 6, 35 6, 108, , 209, 231, 259, 263 of Louis in Soissons (833) 1 3, 10, 48 9, 56, 73, 77, 79, , , and monastic exile 207, 247 order of penitents and public confession 36, 113, 122 3, 129, 140, 152, 158, 238, 245, 254 9, 277, 279 and scandal 6, 122, 153, 182 3, 197, 204, 212, , 243, 257 9, voluntary See also criminal; custody; deditio; excommunication; harmiscara; paenitentia canonia; paenitentia ecclesiastica; Relatio episcoporum (833); scandalum perjury, see oaths perturbatio 203, 237 8, 249 pacis 152, 239 populi 6, 154, 237 Petersau 57 Pippin, king of Italy 14 6, 18, 36, 51, 122, 154 Pippin I, king of Aquitaine 2, 21, 25 6, 31 3, 41 6, 49 51, 54 5, 86, 94, 99, 119, 126, , 158, 196, , , 250, 252 and Ermold marriage of 32 as Melanius Pippin II, king of Aquitaine monastic exile of 265 public penance of 266 Pippin III, king 18, 23, 54, 61, 117, 125, 166 Pippin the Hunchback 17, 145 Pîtres, assembly at (864) 266 plebs 4, 47 8, 81, 109, 139, 167, 225 Poitiers 57 Ste-Croix 21, 42 4, 206, 208 9, 211 populus (the faithful men) 81, 170, 177, 239, 276 populus christianus 5 6, 92, 97, 115, 117, 122, 137, 147, 151, 155, 164, 182, 229, 239, 276 portents, see signs from heaven; divine retribution priests (presbyteri) 121, 125 6, 132, 138, 141, 167, , , 233, 238, 241 primores 125 6, 151 proceres 4, 11, 21, 38, 90 3, 144, 147 8, 159, 165, 189, 199 palatii 60, 81 property, ecclesiastical 51, 54, 107, 142 4, 166 9

11 General index 315 Prudentius, bishop of Troyes 65, Prüm, monastery of 245 as a place of exile 17, 48, 50 Psalmist, the 243 Pseudo-Cyprian, De duodecim abusivis saeculi 174 5, 181 2, 205, 250 Purification of the Virgin Mary, Feast of 19, 44, 51, , 254 queenship 31 2, 194 5, 197 8, querela Quierzy, assembly of (838) 34, 54, 152, 265 Radbert of Corbie education and career 102 4, 108 Epitaphium Arsenii 146 7, 164 6, , 225 8, aliases and typology in on Bernhard/Naso 109, 169 and confabulatio 106, 165, 169 date of on Ebo/Phassur , 253 on fides on Judith/Justina on lay abbots 107 on Lothar/Honorius 207, 209, 227 on Louis/Justinian structure of on winter assembly of use of Terence 105 6, See also Adalhard; Wala exegetical work and frank speech , 127 loyalty to Adalhard and Wala 111 opposition to Louis the Pious 110, , , and Pseudo-Isidorian decretals 103 Vita Adalhardi of 103 4, 107 8, Radegund, see Poitiers, Ste-Croix Ratleigh, cleric 136, rebellion of 830 3, 42 4, assigning blame for causes of 41 2 rebellion of causes of 45 6, 85 6 and the devil 46 7, remorse about 100, 260 reform, see correction; emendatio Regensburg 16 Regina, concubine 29 Regula pastoralis, see Gregory the Great Reichenau, monastery of 95, 136 8, 140, 203 Reichseinheitspartei 10, 112, 114 Reimitz, Helmut 64 Relatio episcoporum (833) 2, , 244 5, Remiremont 34, 45, 214 respublica 12, , 145, Reuter, Timothy 246, 267 Rhine 16, 22, 30, 49, 51, 55, 57, 73, 79 Robert II the Pious, king 268 Rogations 83 Rome 14, 19, 24, 34, 47, 69, 71, 94, 160, 186, 218, 225 council of Frankish Protection of 24, 73, 227 imperial crown from 24 5 papal 221, 223 St Peter, basilica of 38, 54, 73, 218, 227 Romulus 94 Rothfeld (Alsace), see Field of Lies Rotrud, sister of Louis the Pious 14, 189 Royal Frankish Annals, see Annales regni Francorum Ruadbern 50 Rudolf, brother of Judith 43, 206 Rule of Benedict 18, 23, 43, 216 unified interpretation of 21, 23 sacerdotes 93, sacerdotium 176 7, 267 sacred topography 71, 91 sacrum palatium 7, 22 St-Aignan, abbey of 91 St-Arnulf, church of, see Metz St-Denis 22, 50, 91, 134, 250, 254 St-Gall 116, 138, 182, 270 St-Médard, see Soissons St-Omer, abbey of 42 St Peter, basilica of, see Rome St-Riquier, abbey of, see Angilbert St Stephen, church of, see Metz St-Vaast, abbey of 254 Salz, royal villa 34, 46 Salzburg 184 Samson 139 sancta ecclesia 27 8, 37, 83, 132, 171, 182 3, 240, and the body politic 4, 23, 28, 83, , 182 3, 232, 237 Saracens 17, 40, 149 satisfactio 124, 126 8, 150, 152, 178, 207, 236, , 247, 256, 267 8, 277 See also atonement; penance Saxons 16, 94

12 316 General index Saxony 15, 21, 31, 157 scandalum 6, 121, 151 2, 232 3, 237 9, 249, 258 Scheldt 98 Schieffer, Rudolf 9 Sebastian, St, relics of 69, 160 Seligenstadt 69 71, Senlis, castrum of 264, 266 signs from heaven 64, 67, 80, 82, 84, 136, 151 2, 156 7, 165 6, 214, 249, 272 sin collective 5 6 and disorder 5 6 offensa Dei 177 political crime as 232, 264 and the polity 166 See also atonement; discord; iniquitas; negligentia; perturbatio; scandalum Slavs 39, 150 Smith, Julia M. H. 70 Soissons abbey of St-Médard at 1, 48, 69, 186, 232, 235, 265 council at (853) 265 nunnery of Nôtre-Dame at 21, 103 4, 108 See also Louis, public penance of Solomon, king 93, 166, 199 Spain 144, 150 1, 240, 244 Spanish March, failed campaign of 827 in 39 40, 42, 144, , 158, 252 Staatlichkeit 10 status ecclesiae 24, 64 Stephen IV, pope, and imperial coronation of , 76, 90, 194, 218, 253 Strasbourg, oaths of 89, 97 Suetonius 67, 73, 185 Sulpicius Severus, Vita Martini 57 synods, see councils Tacitus 68 Tassilo 46, 190 Terence, see Radbert s Epitaphium Arsenii Thegan, auxiliary bishop of Trier 73, 77 Gesta Hludowici imperatoris 11, 15, 17, 19, 27 8, 67, 72 9, 81, 86 7, 115, 124, 134 5, 164, 195 6, 201, 211, , 241 on Hugh of Tours 78, invectio against Ebo 76 9, 142, 149, 241, 250 2, 256, portait of Louis 74 5 structure of 75 7 and Walahfrid Strabo 72 3 Theodebert, count of Madrie 32 Theoderic, half-brother of Louis 21, 28, 123 Theoderic, king of the Ostrogoths, statue of 94 5 Theodosius I, emperor 94, 107, 109, 116 Penance of 6, 9, 36, 118, 122 4, , 242, 263, 267 Theodrada, abbess of Nôtre-Dame in Soissons 21, 102 3, 108 Theodulf, bishop of Orléans 20 Theophilos, Byzantine emperor 37 Theutberga, wife of Lothar II 195 Thionville (Diedenhofen), Palace at assemblies at (821) 32, 35, 123, 207 (831) 45, 215 (835) 51, 79, 254 9, 266 capitulary of (805) 154 Thomas, archbishop of Milan 15 Thuringia 31, Tischler, Matthias 68, 70 tonsure clerical 28 9, 49, 233, monastic 233 political 21, 28 9, 35, 43, 45, 122 4, 128, 206 7, 214, 244, See also veiling Tortona 48, 50 Tours 15, 91, 172, 216 Traill, David 140 Tremp, Ernst 11, 74, 80 1, 252 Trier 46, 73, 215 Toulouse 40, 170, 176 Valentinian I, emperor 109 Vannes, assembly at (818) 91 veiling 42 3, 179, 196, 206 8, 233 Venantius Fortunatus 83 Verberie 42, 206 Verdun, treaty of (843) 52, 81 Vetus Latina 118 Virgil, Aeneid 79 Visio Wettini, see Heito; Walahfrid Vision of the Poor Woman of Laon visions 41, 70 1, 137, visionary literature 29, 70 1, 113, 116, , 158 9, 161 4, See also Gabriel; libelli; Wiggo Vita Pachomii 134 Vitry 91 Vosges 214 vulgus 81, 201, 225

13 General index 317 Wala, count, abbot of Corbie and Corvey 20 1, 32, 36, 40, 54, , 126, 190 1, 197, , 208 9, 219, 226 8, 234, 262 at Aachen in , , 174, 177 as Arsenius authority of 20, 108, 127, 219, exile of 21, 35, 43, 45, , 123, 210 as Jeremiah 102, 107, , 146 7, 166, 168 9, 187 Walahfrid Strabo 42, 50, 149 accessus to Thegan s Gesta 72 3, 135, 251 De imagine Tetrici 94 5, , 189 Visio Wettini 113, 116, Wallace-Hadrill, Michael 5 Wamba, Visigothic king 244 Warin, abbot of Corvey 107, 109 Welf, father of Empress Judith 30 Werner, Karl-Ferdinand 9 Wiggo, demon 162 4, 260 William, count of Toulouse 199, 261 William, son of Dhuoda and Bernard of Septimania 101 Winigis, duke of Spoleto 158 witchcraft 42, 197, 200 2, 261 Witiza, see Benedict of Aniane Wood, Ian 8 Worms 34, 37, 217, 253 assembly at (829) 41, 60, 165, 171, 176, 196 (839) (840 planned) 57 Zechiel-Eckes, Klaus 103