Edexcel History Paper 2 The Reigns of King Richard I and King John, Minutes

Transcription

1 Edexcel History Paper 2 The Reigns of King Richard I and King John, Minutes Revision Guide and Student Activity Book Student Name -

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6 Key Topic 1: Life and government in England, The Angevin Family Tree Henry II ( ) Henry was a powerful figure on the European stage - King of England, Duke of Normandy, Count of Anjou, and through his marriage to Eleanor, Duke of Aquitaine and Count of Poitou. Eleanor of Aquitane (d.1204) Eleanor was powerful and ambitious. She seems to have channelled her ambitions through her sons, encouraging them to rebel against Henry II. After Henry died she provided advice for Richard and John and helped them control their lands in France. Henry The Young King (d.1183) The young Henry was not prepared to wait for his father to die to have real power and rebelled against him in In 1182 he rebelled again joined by his brother Geoffrey and Phillip II, the new King of France. Richard fought alongside his father against his two brothers. The power struggle ended with the death from illness of the young Henry. Richard ( ) At the age of just fourteen, Richard became Duke of Aquitane. Richard joined his brother in rebellion against Henry in , but in he fought alongside his father against them. In 1189, Richard rebelled again. He may have worried his father was going to name John as heir. Richard was encouraged to rebel by Philip II and they joined forces in a successful attack on Henry s lands. Henry was forced to accept a humiliating peace treaty and died two days later Richard was King. Geoffrey (d.1186) Geoffrey was known to attack monasteries to raise money for his military campaigns. He was good friends with Philip II and spent a lot of time at French court. Geoffrey was trampled to death in an accident at a jousting tournament in Arthur (d.1204) As son of Geoffrey, Arthur felt that he had a better claim to the throne than John. When Richard died, the twelve-year-old Arthur joined forces with Phillip II and attacked John s lands in France. John ( ) As the youngest son he was not expected to become King. In 1185 Henry sent John to extend control over Ireland. The expedition was a failure and John was called home after six months. John first plotted with Richard against his father, and then against Richard when he went on Crusade. When Richard returned, John threw himself at Richard s feet and begged for mercy. Richard forgave him and eventually named John as his heir. John became King in 1199.

7 The Feudal Hierarchy From 1189 to 1216, the dominant feature of English society, especially in the countryside, was the feudal system. Each rank of the feudal system was granted land from the rank above in return for loyalty and service. The King was at the top, with vast power over the whole system.

8 Exam Question Describe two features of the relationship between vassals and their lords in the feudal hierarchy. [4] Feature 1 Feauture 2.. The Nature of Feudalism

9 Exam Question Describe two features of Knight Service in the years [4] Feature 1 Feature 2 The role and influence of the Church

10 Explain how the Church was so wealthy: How did the Churches wealth give it power and influence in medieval England?

11 Explain Richard I s claim to the throne in 1189:

12 Explain why John found it more difficult to secure power than Richard when he took the throne:

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14 Give 2 reasons why Richard ruled England well: 1-2- Give 2 reasons why Richard ruled England badly: 1-2-

15 England under John Give 3 reasons for the English Barons dislike of John: 1

16 2-3- Royal Revenues List three similarities and three differences in the ways in which Richard and John raised money: Similarities Differences

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19 .. The Nature of Kingship:

20 Key Topic 2: Involvements overseas,

21 Define or describe the following, and how each is associated with the start of the Third Crusade: Crusader states Papal Bull Indulgence Jerusalem

22 Explain how going on Crusade could benefit a Knight financially:

23 Give three reasons why Richard I and Philip II quarrelled on the Third Crusade:

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25 Give two examples of Richard I s actions at Acre, the march to Jaffa or the Battle of Arsuf that show Richard I was a great military leader. 1 2

26 Explain why Richard I decided not to launch an attack on Jerusalem during the Third Crusade:

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29 Give three reasons why Normandy was important to all three Kings (Richard I, John and Phillip II)

30 Explain why Richard I built Chateau Gaillard:

31 Give two reasons why the loss of Normandy was John s own fault and two reasons why it wasn t: John s fault Not John s fault

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34 Key Topic 3: King John s downfall, John Vs The Papacy Explain why King John did not want Stephen Langton to become Archbishop of Canterbury. Be sure to consider all reasons not just John s objections to Langton:

35 Explain what is meant by interdict:

36 Explain what is meant by excommunication:

37 Explain why the reconciliation between the pope and King John benefited them both: King John The Pope

38 Explain three ways in which King John angered the Barons between 1204 and 1214: 1 2 3

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40 Explain why failing to regain Normandy in 1214 caused such anger among the barons towards King John: The Rebellion of 1215 What were the key moments of the 1215 rebellion that led to King John agreeing to Magna Carta?

41 Magna Carta only addressed the Barons own wishes Agree Disagree

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43 Why is Rochester Castle important to; King John: The rebels:

44 Why didn t Prince Louis of France become King of England in 1216?

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