Workbook for A Journey Across America: California

Transcription

1 Workbook for A Journey Across America: California Contributors: Katherine S. Zehnder Ginger Vance General Editor: Christopher Zehnder, MA Catholic Textbook Project

2 2018 Catholic Textbook Project All Rights Reserved ISBN Printed in the United States of America

3 Table of Contents Chapter 1 The Discovery of California 1 Chapter 2 California s First People 7 Chapter 3 The Apostle of California 15 Chapter 4 Spanish California 21 Chapter 5 California Becomes Mexican 29 Chapter 6 The Conquest of California 35 Chapter 7 The Gold Rush 43 Chapter 8 War, Mails, and Rails 51 Chapter 9 A Time of Growth and Struggle 59 Chapter 10 How Today s California Came to Be 69

4 Directions for Exercises The main purpose of the exercises in the workbook is to reinforce what was read in the textbook. Although the exercises could be used as preparation for tests, they are not tests. Students should be encouraged to keep their textbooks open and to consult the textbook (or teacher) whenever they are uncertain of an answer. Textbook page numbers where the answers can be found are included for each exercise or group of exercises. Match the columns: The capital letter before the word in the first column should be written in the brackets preceding the word s matching description in the second column. Numbering events in order: It may be easier for some students to copy each event onto a strip of paper and then manually arrange the strips in order of occurrence before writing numbers on the blanks. The teacher could also photocopy the exercise and have the student cut the events into strips to arrange. Questions: Enough space is given for the student to answer the questions with a few words or simple phrases. If the teacher requires answers in complete sentences, a lined sheet of paper might be needed. Fill in the blanks: A word bank is included for some of these exercises, but not all of them. In ones without a word bank, the needed word should be obvious. The student s word choice does not necessarily need to be the same as the answer key in all cases, but should at least make sense in the sentence given the textbook reading.

5 Name Date Chapter 1 The Discovery of California Explorers and Conquistadors (pgs. 1-5) 1. Fill in the blanks of the sentences below with the correct word from the box. Francisco Ulloa Queen Isabel Christopher Columbus Indians pearls Asia conquistadors Hernán Cortés priests gold Spain America Mexico Baja Santa Cruz California a. In 1492, mistakenly discovered the Americas, when he was trying to go to. b. The Spanish were looking for in the Americas. c. The Spanish brought with them who were supposed to teach the Indians about Christ and the Church. d. conquered the gold-rich city of Tenochtitlán which was the capital of the mighty Aztec empire of. e. In 1533, the Spanish sailed up the western coast of Mexico and discovered California. 2. Match the columns. A. baja [ ] a large piece of land, not islands B. peninsula [ ] conqueror and explorer C. Santa Cruz [ ] explorer who discovered that California was not an island D. conquistador [ ] brother or friar E. Calafía [ ] upper F. fray [ ] a mythical warrior queen G. mainland [ ] land with water on two sides H. Gulf of California [ ] lower I. alta [ ] Holy Cross, the first Spanish settlement in California J. Ulloa [ ] finger of sea separating Baja California from the rest of Mexico 3. Columbus arrived in America in Cortéz conquered Tenochtitlán in How many years were between those events? years. A Journey Across America: California 1

6 4. Retell the legendary story of Calafía in words or pictures. 5. Imagine you discovered a new island off the coast of California. What would you name it? Make up a legend that you would tell everyone who came to settle on your island. Think about what kind of people and animals lived there at one time. Are there any traces of them left? Are there any ruins on your island you could show to newcomers? Are there any unsolved mysteries? Tell your story in words or pictures. Use a separate piece of paper if you need more room. 2

7 Name Date Cabrillo Discovers Another California (pgs. 6-9) 1. Circle the word or phrase in bold that correctly completes each sentence in the paragraph. In the 16 th and 17 th centuries, ships sailed around Cape [Horn/ Horror] at southern tip of [Africa/ South America] to get from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean. Since it was a long and [boring/ dangerous] journey, people hoped that a [peninsula/ strait] would be discovered that cut across North America from the Atlantic to the Pacific. In 1542, the viceroy of New Spain (Mexico) sent Captain Juan [Cabrillo/ Canoas] up the [Atlantic/ Pacific] coast of Mexico to find such a passage. As the captain sailed along the coast, he named places he discovered after [himself and his friends/ saints and mysteries of the Catholic faith]. He saw many wonders and met [many/ no] California natives, but he did not discover a passage across North America. He claimed California for the king of [Spain/ Mexico]. 2. Match the columns. A. savannah [ ] corn B. cape [ ] bay in California shaped like a long, bent finger C. sierra [ ] official who represents a king D. strait [ ] large, flat area with grass and few trees E. viceroy [ ] California coastal mountains F. maize [ ] narrow water passage between two larger bodies of water G. Bahía San Miguel [ ] large land area that sticks out into the sea H. Sierra San Martín [ ] mountain range 3. Draw a picture of the Indians or something else Cabrillo saw on his journey. A Journey Across America: California 3

8 A Pirate Comes to California (pg. 9) Check the words or phrases that describe Francis Drake. wanted to spread the Catholic Faith pirate conquistador You may call me Sir. worked for Queen Elizabeth I dragon searched for spices and gold plundered Spanish towns and ships along the coast of the Americas founded English settlements in California drew maps of the areas he explored destroyed statues and stole items from Catholic churches explored the area north of San Francisco English Protestant knighted killed by the native peoples in San Francisco discovered a passage from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean On to Monterey 1. Fill in the blanks in the sentences below using words from the box. (pgs ) fertile Indians Galleon execute Franciscan priests Vizcaíno Spain Carmelite friendly Mexico Mass San Diego Monterey reward game pirates soldiers port gold Mendoza food 200 2,000 hostile a. King Felipe III of Spain wanted to have a Spanish settlement in California to protect the Manila from dreaded. b. King Felipe sent Sebastián to establish the Spanish settlement. c. Four priests went along to preach the Gospel to the Indians. d. The Indians became violent when the Spanish treated them cruelly. e. The Spanish settlement at La Paz was abandoned because of the unfriendliness of the and because of the lack of. 4

9 Name Date f. King Felipe gave Vizcaíno a second chance, but warned him that he would any man who was cruel to the Indians. g. On his second voyage, Vizcaíno took three priests and sailors and soldiers with him. h. At each place the Spaniards landed, they built a hut in which the priests could say. i. Vizcaíno met many natives on the coast of Alta California, and the land was and had plenty of wild. j. When Vizcaíno returned to, the viceroy was very happy with his reports. k. Vizcaíno wanted to return to the Bay of and establish a settlement, but the Spanish government decided that a in Alta California was not needed after all. 2. Below is a list of places in California. Number them in the order in which Vizcaíno visited or passed by them. Cape Mendocino Carmel 1 La Paz Las Canoas Monterey Point Concepción San Diego Santa Catalina 3. Carefully reread How to Number Centuries on page 6 in your textbook, then answer the questions below. a. Did Columbus discover America in the 14 th or 15 th century? b. Did Cortés conquer the Aztecs in the 15 th or 16 th century? c. Did Vizcaíno land in Monterey in the 16 th or 17 th century? d. In what year were you born? What century were you born in? e. Ask your teacher in what year she or he was born. What century is it? f. In what year was your mother born? What century is it? g. The first man landed on the moon in What century was that? A Journey Across America: California 5

10 4. Label the following places on the map: Pacific Ocean New Spain Mexico City Baja California Alta California Gulf of Mexico 5. Write one word in each oval to describe what the first Spanish explorers found in California. 6

11 Name Date Chapter 2 California s First People A Chumash Story (pgs ) 1. Describe with a picture or with words what Alow saw in his first dream. 2. Did Alow s dream come true? Explain. 3. What do you think the following phrases are describing? a. stone pipes stuck out of holes in the sides b. a long horn, like a swordfish s beak c. trees were growing from inside the boat d. enormous white skins (inside the boat) e. the strangest skins imaginable f. headdresses of various colors A Journey Across America: California 7

12 The First People 1. True or false? (pgs ) a. [ ] The First People refers to the first white people the Chumash saw. b. [ ] The Chumash people lived near the coast of California. c. [ ] All Chumash villages were small groups of people. d. [ ] The Chumash lived in teepees. e. [ ] When their homes became filled with vermin, Chumash burned them down. f. [ ] Men and women used the sweat lodges to prepare for hunting trips. g. [ ] The Chumash all spoke the same language. h. [ ] The leader of each village was called the wot. i. [ ] Only men could be the chief of a Chumash village. j. [ ] The Chumash called God Head Chief and Heaven was called the Brotherhood of the Canoe. k. [ ] Wealthy leaders were members of a religious group called the tomol. l. [ ] If a Chumash man wanted to marry, he had to ask the girl s father and pay money for her. m. [ ] The Chumash used sea shells for money. 2. Fill in the blanks. (pg. 21) a. Chumash men often did not sleep in their houses, but in because they were afraid their would attack them at night. b. The Chumash did not have wars. c. A village went to war to take for some wrong that was done to it. d. The Chumash did not wage wars to other tribes and take their. e. When a village was attacked, all the and were killed, as well the warriors. f. Chumash warriors used the and,, and war in battle. Draw a Chumash weapon. 8

13 Name Date 3. Describe how a Chumash tomol was made. Then decorate the tomol. (pg. 21) 4. Answer the following. (pgs ) a. What does the word ingenious mean? b. What was so amazing about how the Chumash made their tomols? c. What was so impressive about Chumash baskets? d. Write three things the Chumash got in trade with other Indians: e. Write the names of some of the foods the Chumash ate: f. What was the most important food of the Chumash? g. What did Chumash men wear? h. What did Chumash women wear? i. What did the Chumash decorate themselves with? j. What did the Chumash men use to shave? k. How did the Chumash cut their hair? A Journey Across America: California 9

14 5. Number the steps involved in making acorns fit for humans to eat. (pg. 23) a. After the nuts were winnowed, they were placed in a stone mortar. b. The acorn shells were cracked using a special hammer stone. c. The women made bread and gruel from the acorn meal. d. The good nuts were placed in a basket shaped like a scoop. e. The acorn meal was poured into a bed of sand shaped like a bowl. f. The nuts were thrown in the air so the wind would blow away the unwanted parts. g. 1 In the fall, men, women, and children gathered acorns in oak groves. h. The nuts were pounded with a stone until they became a coarse flour. i. The acorns were stored in special baskets until they were ready to prepare for food. j. The nut was removed from the hull and inspected. k. Water was poured over the meal many times to leach away the bitter tannins. 6. Match the columns. (pgs ) A. Sun [ ] medicine man B. Earth [ ] poisonous jimson weed C. Winter Solstice [ ] great, immortal being D. Gilaks [ ] wise hero and a trickster E. Swordfish [ ] female, provider of food F. Sky Coyote [ ] male, giver of life, ate human beings G. Land of the Dead [ ] bird-like beings living on a mountain made of their victims bones H. shaman [ ] first day of winter and the shortest day in the year I. momoy [ ] monster of the sea who came out at night to do mischief J. Two Thunders [ ] land west of the Chumash where souls of the dead go Are you afraid of me? 10

15 Name Date 7. Circle the word or phrase in bold that correctly states the Chumash beliefs. (pgs ) a. The Chumash [believed/did not believe] there is a one, true God, creator of all things. b. They believed that immortal, powerful beings [protect/hurt or harm] humans. c. At the [Winter Solstice/New Year] Sun and Great Eagle had a contest with Sky Coyote and Morning Star. d. There would be much rain and plenty of food if [Sun/Sky Coyote] won the contest. e. Long ago the earth was inhabited by people who were like [animals/gods]. f. After a great [fire/flood] swept over the earth, people were created. g. The earth is flat and circular and held up by two great [serpents/giants] who cause [storms/earthquakes] when they move. h. The dead must cross the [mountains/water] over a long [pole/rainbow] to the Land of the Dead. i. Evil people will fall off while they are crossing and be punished in [the water/a volcano]. j. Only good people will spend their time eating, sleeping, dancing, and [praying/playing]. k. The only way to battle dangers and evil was through strong [magic/prayer]. l. Shamans got their power to cure or harm people from [spirits/momoy]. m. Most diseases were caused by bad [shamans/bears]. n. A drink made from the momoy root was used to [cause strange dreams/kill enemies]. 8. Answer the following. (pg. 27) a. Why did the Chumash have young boys and girls drink momoy when it was poisonous? b. Why did the Chumash have a ceremony when the rattlesnakes woke up from their long winter sleep? A Journey Across America: California 11

16 The Natives of Alta California 1. Fill in the blanks using words from the box below. (pgs ) cactus ugly 300,000 farmers 135 desert canoes 3,000,000 naked fire materials God Mesquite colorful magic hunter-gatherer mountains magical Valley slaves Sacramento sweat hunting beans blood tomatoes Colorado houses women water religious trees teepees tattoos 1,350 a. The native peoples of California lived along the sea coast or in the or the great Central or in the high. b. In the 16 th century, about natives lived in California. c. There were at least different languages spoken among the natives. d. The kind of the natives built depended on where they lived and what were available. e. Almost everywhere in California, native men gathered in lodges. f. Indians who lived in the desert ate the pulp of and gathered nuts from the tree instead of oak acorns. g. Since most California natives hunted for wild game and ate wild plants, they are called peoples. h. Only the Mojave and Yuma, who lived on the banks of the River, were and grew maize,, and melons. i. Natives who lived near the ocean or lakes and rivers built of different kinds of materials. j. Throughout California, native peoples made beautiful and baskets that could hold and store food. k. California natives mostly went about and painted their bodies or marked them with. l. Only the Mojave and Yuma fought real wars and took young and children as prisoners or. m. All California natives believed in the power of and thought there were certain men and women who had special powers. 12

17 Name Date 2. Look at the map on page 27 in your textbook. Compare it with a map that has the names of modern cities and towns in California. What native tribe or tribes once lived where you live now? Try to find out something about them. Check with your local historical society or your community museum. 3. If you had to build a simple house from only natural materials in your neighborhood, what would you use? What would it look like? Draw or write your answers below. A Journey Across America: California 13

18 A New World 1. In each of the circles, write something the California natives might have thought was strange about the Spanish explorers they saw. (pg. 32) 2. Predict the future. The Spaniards would not come back to California again for 150 years. When they come again, what changes do you think they will bring to the native way of life? 14

19 Name Date Chapter 3 The Apostle of California A Missionary s Story 1. Fill in the blanks. (pgs ) Miquel Serra was born on November 24, in Spain. Instead of becoming a like his father, he decided to become a. When he was 16 years old, he entered the order and took on the new name of. After he was ordained, he taught at the in Palma, but he never forgot his dream of becoming a. In 1749, he volunteered to go to one of the far-off lands Spain ruled in or Asia. He and his friend Francisco Palóu were chosen to go to. Please be happy for me. I will miss you very much, but I am leaving you because of my love for. He wants me to leave and go across the ocean to tell people who have never heard about all that he has done for them. I will never see you again, but I hope we will see each other again in. 2. Number these events in Serra s life in the order they happened. (pgs ) a. He led a group of Franciscans to Baja California. b. He walked the long and difficult road from Veracruz to Mexico City. c. Serra s ship landed in Veracruz on December 2, d. The Spanish government sent Serra to Alta California to start new missions. e. He was sent to the Sierra Gorda in Mexico to work among the Pame Indian people. f. He joined the College of San Francisco where he learned to become a missionary. g. At the College of San Fernando, he led the choir, directed the novices, and traveled around Mexico as a home missionary. A Journey Across America: California 15

20 The Settlement of Alta California 1. Circle the correct word or phrase in bold to complete each sentence. (pg ) a. King Carlos III decided it was time for Spain to settle Alta California to keep Great Britain and [France/ Russia] from taking it. b. Spain sent [missionaries/ settlers], protected by soldiers, to settle California. c. One part of the expedition into California went by [sea/ land] from Baja California. d. The other part traveled by [sea/ land] and was led by Gaspar de Portolá. e. Despite having a painful sore on his leg and foot, [Portolá/ Serra] walked the whole way. f. When the land expedition reached [San Diego/ Los Angeles] on July 1, 1769, two Spanish ships were there waiting for them. g. Since a third ship had not arrived, there was not enough [food/ water] for everyone. h. Portolá sent a ship back to [Mexico/ Spain] to get more supplies and then he went north in search of the [city/ bay] of Monterey. i. The Indians [were/ were not] friendly and [did/ did not] come to the mission. j. Things were so bad at San Diego that Portolá wanted to [return to Mexico/ move north]. k. Fray Junípero convinced Portolá to wait until March 19, the feast of St. [Junípero/ Joseph], to see if [more Indians/ a supply ship] would come. l. Fray Junípero prayed and on March 19, [a supply ship/ more Indians] came to San Diego. 2. Write Fray Junípero s motto: (pg. 40) 3. Match the columns. (pgs ) A. presidio [ ] took notes of the Portolá expedition B. culture [ ] disease caused by not eating enough foods with Vitamin C C. Fray Juan Crespí [ ] water entrance to the San Francisco Bay D. Golden Gate [ ] one of the greatest ports in the world E. scurvy [ ] the beliefs, customs, arts, etc. of a people, nation, or group F. delta [ ] Spanish fortress G. San Francisco Bay [ ] land where a river splits into smaller rivers before flowing into the sea 16

21 Name Date A California Journey 1. Follow the directions in the box using the description of Portolá and Crespí s travels on pages 41 and 42 in your textbook. You may also check the map on page 50 in your textbook. a. North of Los Angeles are the San Gabriel and San Bernardino Mountains. Label them. b. Between Santa Barbara and San Luis Obispo are the rugged Santa Lucia Mountains. Label them. c. Draw a line to show where Portolá traveled. d. Draw a star next to the place where Portolá met up with Fray Junípero again. e. Circle and label the Golden Gate and the San Francisco Bay. Monterey San Luis Obispo Santa Barbara Los Angeles San Juan Capistrano San Diego The California Missions 1. Describe what happened in Monterey on Pentecost (pg. 43) The Cross of St. Andrew (Cruz de San Andrés) was the Spanish flag carried by Portolá to Alta California. The background is white and the cross is red. Color it. A Journey Across America: California 17

22 2. Fill in the blanks. (pgs ) a. became the capital of Alta California. Come! b. San Carlos de Borromeo de was Fray Junípero s second and chief mission. c. South of Carmel, Fray Junípero founded his third mission San Antonio de. d. San Arcángel in southern California was the fourth mission. e. In 1772, Mission San Luis was founded on the Central Coast. f. The Spanish called non-christian natives. g. The Kumeyaay were an unfriendly native tribe near Mission. h. In the fall of 1775, the Kumeyaay attacked the mission and Fray Luis Jayme. i. Fray Luis was the California missions first. An Intrepid Explorer 1. Answer these questions. (pgs ) a. What does the word intrepid mean? b. Why did the missions have to get their supplies from Mexico? c. Why did Fray Junípero ask the viceroy to open up a supply route that did not go by sea? d. Whom did the viceroy choose to find a good supply route? e. Why was this man the best man for the job? f. What was the name of the exploring Franciscan missionary who went with him? g. Why was it important for them to be friends with the Yuma Indians? h. What did they establish in San Francisco in 1776? 18

23 Name Date 2. Number these places in the order Anza explored his new supply route. (pg. 46) Colorado River Gila River San Bernardino Valley San Gabriel Mission San Jacinto Mountains Tubac, Arizona Colorado Desert The Man Who Never Turned Back 1. Match the columns. (pgs ) A. San Carlos de Borromeo [ ] missionary killed by the Yuma B. El Camino Real [ ] first Spanish pueblo in Alta California C. pueblo [ ] road that connected the California missions D. San José de Guadalupe [ ] Indians who lived near the Colorado River E. Los Angeles [ ] mission in Carmel where Fray Junípero lived F. Yuma [ ] Spanish word for town G. Francisco Garcés [ ] El Pueblo de Nuestra Senora Reina de Los Angeles de Porciuncula, the second pueblo in Alta California 2. Answer the following. (pg. 47) a. What problems did Spanish settlers cause for Fray Junípero and the missions? b. Why did Fray Junípero sometimes oppose the Spanish governors? A Journey Across America: California 19

24 c. Why did the formerly friendly Yuma attack the Spanish? c. How many missions did Fray Junípero Serra establish in California? d. When did Fray Junípero die? e. Why do you think the Indians cried so loudly at Fray Junípero s funeral? 3. Write a word or phrase in each box to describe Fray Junípero Serra. Did you know? Fray Junípero Serra was canonized by Pope Francis on September 23, 2015, so now we call him Saint Junípero Serra. His feast day is July 1. He is buried at Mission San Carlos de Borromeo in Carmel in the sanctuary, in front of the altar. In the United States Capitol Building in Washington D.C. there is a large, semicircular chamber called National Statuary Hall. In it are statues representing each state. The statue for California is St. Junípero Serra! 20

25 Name Date Chapter 4 Spanish California Life in the California Missions 1. Below is an imaginary letter from a Franciscan missionary at Mission Santa Barbara to his family is Spain. Fill in the missing words. (pgs ) Mis Queridos, 1801 I am very happy in California doing God s work, but it is very work. We are trying to help the natives become true and good of the king. We are trying to help them live like, but it is hard for them to change since their religion and culture are so from ours. Their native religion is based on and their culture is much than ours. If they continue to live like they always have, they will not give up their ancient customs and beliefs and become true! We think it is better if they live at the, but we do not force anyone to come. We invite them and give them and as well as teach them about the faith. Once they are they are not allowed to leave except to visit occasionally. They would certainly fall back into their old ways and lose their new if they did not live with us. This year we have had much sorrow because the natives have been struck by and many have died. We learned that one of the Christian natives had been telling the pagans that if they were they would die. She told the other Christian neophytes that they needed to make to Chupa, a pagan god, and wash their with special water to show that they were no longer or they too would die. She claimed that Chupa had told her all this in a. I suspect that she had drunk, a plant which produces strange dreams. The Chumash were greatly and almost all of them did what she asked before we found out about it and stopped it. I am sure that if Chupa had told them to me and my brothers, they would have done so! You can see how difficult our missionary work is here. Please pray for us! Con amor y las bendiciones de Dios, Tu hijo A Journey Across America: California 21

26 2. Use the words in the box to complete the schedule of the Mission Indians. Make sure you write the tasks in the correct order and fill in every space. Do not include the meals for Sunday and Holy Days. Some words are used more than once. (pg. 52) prayer free time meal of atóle rest meal of pozóle work in the fields or workshops Mass religious instruction Morning 5 p.m. 6 p.m. Noon 2 p.m. 6 p.m. bedtime 2 p.m. 5 p.m. Sundays and Holy Days 3. Write six arts or crafts the California Indians learned at the missions. 4. What was the most important thing the Indians learned at the missions? 22

27 Name Date 5. True or false? (pgs ) a. Indians often experienced hunger in their ancient way of life. b. The Spanish intentionally brought disease to California. c. The Indians did not have any resistance to the new diseases. d. The missionaries did not try to protect the Indians from disease. e. All the Indians were happy in the missions. f. Native men missed their free life outside the missions. g. The Indians were not used to doing work for long stretches of time. h. The Indians had the same idea of marriage that Catholics had. i. Some Indians practiced infanticide and abortion. j. Spanish soldiers treated the Indians better than the missionaries did. k. The Franciscans let the Indian neophytes leave the missions if they wanted to. l. The missionaries thought the Indians were like children. m. The missionaries wanted to make sure the Indians went to heaven. n. Soldiers went after run-away Christian Indians and shot them. o. Once the Indians became Christian, they did not fear the shamans any more. p. Many Indians trusted the missionaries and tried to live like good Christians. q. The Franciscans treated the Indians like slaves. r. The missionaries defended the Indians from Spanish settlers who wanted to take their land. s. The Franciscans lived a much easier life in California than they did in Spain. A Journey Across America: California 23

28 6. Fill in the blanks to complete Fray Fermín Lasuén s autobiography. Use words from the top box. (pgs ) prosperous important Carmel 1703 king nine souls San Diego governor stay 1803 friends missionary Mexico Spain Indians twelve strengthened California better ruined president servants churches forts a. I did not think I was a very good. I disliked and I asked Fr. Serra to send me back to. h. I died in and was buried next to Fray Junípero at. g. I defended the Indians and missions against the Spanish and the military. The military was upset we would not let them treat the Indians like in the presidios. b. Fr. Serra reminded me how the missions were for the of the Indians and convinced me to. c. I became the of the California missions after Fray Junípero died. d. I founded missions during my life. e. I the missions and they became and more self-supporting. f. I made sure the mission buildings were made and that the were beautifully decorated. 7. Use the charts on pages 58 and 59 to answer the following. a. Write the names of three missions Junípero Serra founded: b. Write the names of three missions Fermín Lasuén founded: c. Which mission is closest to where you live? d. Have you visited it? 24

29 Name Date 8. Match the columns. (pgs ) A. pagan [ ] the part of the church where the altar is B. neophyte [ ] largest and richest California mission C. artisan [ ] part of the church where the people worship D. adobe [ ] a new member of a religion E. thatch [ ] common punishment in the 18 th century F. reredos [ ] a person who is skillful at making things by hand G. apse [ ] mission made entirely of stone H. nave [ ] person who worships many gods and goddesses I. presidio [ ] Queen of the California Missions J. whipping [ ] dried plant material used to cover a roof K. Mission Santa Bárbara [ ] a richly decorated screen behind an altar L. Mission San Luis Rey [ ] mud brick hardened in the sun M. Mission San Juan Capistrano [ ] Spanish fort 9. The reredos of a church is designed so that when you enter, your eye immediately focuses on the most important part of the church the altar and tabernacle. A reredos usually has three sections. The tabernacle and crucifix are centered in the middle section. Each side section has statues of saints or angels. In old European churches, a reredos could be quite elaborate. Those in the mission churches were simpler, but still very beautiful. Decorate this reredos for a mission church. A Journey Across America: California 25

30 Alta California Grows Answer the following. (pgs ) a. What were the large grants of California land given to Spanish soldiers called? b. Why did the Spaniards in California call themselves gente de razon and what does it mean? c. What did the California Spanish settlers begin to call themselves to show that they were different from other Spanish in New Spain? d. What non-spanish people came to California? e. What was the name of the fort they established in northern California? f. Why did the fur seals and otters of the California coast almost become extinct? Find out what a fur seal looks like and draw one here. The Last Years of Spanish California 1. Circle the correct word or phrase in bold that completes each sentence. (pgs ) a. Supply ships stopped coming to California because of a [revolution in Mexico/war in Spain]. b. The [missionaries/soldiers] could not get their pay from Mexico. c. The [missionaries/soldiers] refused to work to grow their own food. d. The governor of California made the [missions/californios] send food and supplies to the presidios. e. The Franciscans wanted to start new missions in the [San Joaquin Valley/Sierra Nevada], but they were unable to do so since they were not getting any more [missionaries/support] from Mexico City. 26

31 Name Date 2. Number the events in the order they happened. (pg. 62) a. Bouchard and his men came ashore, pillaged Monterey and set fire to the town. b. Governor Solá refused and opened fire on the ships. c. 1 The commander of an American ship warned the governor of California that two pirate ships from Hawaii were headed for Monterey. d. Bouchard sailed south toward San Diego. e. The pirates sailed to the wealthy Ortega rancho north of Santa Barbara. f. The pirates sacked Mission San Juan Capistrano and spent the day getting drunk. g. When Bouchard attacked the rancho, Carlos Carillo and 30 vaqueros captured three of the pirates with their lassos. h. In November 1818, the pirate ships reached Monterey, and French pirate Hippolyte de Bouchard demanded the presidio to surrender to him. i. The Ortegas fled with all their belongings. j. Bouchard set fire to the Ortega s home and returned to his ship. k. Bouchard sailed past San Diego and never returned to California waters. l. Bouchard agreed not to attack Santa Barbara if his three men were returned to him. m. The San Diego presidio prepared for an attack from the pirates. 3. Chose one of the characters below. On a separate sheet of paper, write an imaginary letter about the pirates in California from the point of view of your chosen character. Try to imagine yourself as the character and how you felt and thought and acted. Add as much detail as you like. If you are more ambitious, you could write a movie script or play. You could also do this activity as a group project. Soldier at the Monterey presidio Member of the Ortega family Vaquero at the Ortega rancho Citizen in Monterey during the pirate raid Indian at Mission San Juan Capistrano Citizen of San Diego, preparing for an attack A Journey Across America: California 27

32 4. Write a word or phrase in each box to describe the San Joaquin Valley. (pg. 61) Geography Review Study the map of California at the beginning of Chapter 4 on page 50 in your textbook. Using the numbers on the blank map below, write the correct number next to the listed names. Cascade Mountains Sacramento Valley Fort Ross San José Mission San Carlos de Borromeo San Joaquin Valley Tulare Lake Mission Santa Barbara Mission San Fernando Mission San Juan Capistrano Mission San Luis Rey On the map above, draw a star next to the mission where Junípero Serra and Fermín Lasuén are buried. Circle the place where the Russians established a settlement in California. Label the Pacific Ocean, the Sacramento River, and the Colorado River. 28

33 Name Date Chapter 5 California Becomes Mexican Big Changes 1. Answer the following. (pg. 65) a. What were the rebels in Mexico fighting for? b. Why didn t the Californios and Franciscan friars join the rebels? c. What kind of government did Mexico have before it became a republic? 2. Number the events in the order they happened. (pgs ) a. Emperor Augustín was overthrown. b. Californios pledged their allegiance to the new republic of Mexico. c. Augustín de Iturbide was crowned Emperor Augustín I of Mexico. d. Mexico became an independent nation in e. A republic was formed in Mexico, and Guadalupe Victoria became its president. f. In Monterey, soldiers took down the old Spanish flag and raised the Mexican flag. 3. The flag on the left is the Spanish flag that flew in California until The flag on the right is the Mexican Republic flag that replaced it. Follow the coloring directions below. Top and bottom stripes: red green white red Middle stripe: yellow A Journey Across America: California 29

34 4. Below is an imaginary letter of Fray Antonio Rodriquez of Mission La Purisima to the Franciscans at Carmel. Fill in the missing words, based on the text, pages Mis Hermanos, 1824 It has been a very hard year for us. Not only are the Indians growing food and making clothing for themselves, they also have to do so for the soldiers and their families at the. The soldiers do not us anymore, so they will not listen to us. They do not care how they treat the Indians and are sometimes to them. I think this is why the Indians at the missions have become. Earlier this year, a corporal whipped an Indian at Mission Santa. This angered the neophytes, and they attacked the and several mission buildings. The Indians here also. Corporal and a few soldiers defended us and their families from the attacks, but soon their ran out and they had to. The Indians did not us, but they warned the presidio that if any soldiers approached the mission, they would kill the soldiers. The rebels asked other Indians to join the and many did. Our brothers at Mission Santa were able to convince their neophytes not to join. Fearing the soldiers, our neophytes fled to the, taking with them many things from the mission. Thankfully, they did not damage the. They even asked to flee with them! Soon afterwards, Mexican soldiers destroyed Indian at the mission village and killed several. We could do nothing to stop this cruelty! About a month later, Mexican soldiers attacked the rebels. The Indians could not up to them. After an hour of fighting, I came out to beg for the Indians. The Indians who had started the rebellion were punished by being forced to at the Santa Barbara for ten years. We are grateful that the listened to Fr. Ripoll and Fr. Sarría and the rebels. Most of the neophytes have to their missions, and there is peace once again. This violence has frightened us, but we try to be trusting and patient and examples of God s to the Indians. Bad Christians make our work much harder. I know you, my brothers, pray for us always and we are grateful! En Cristo y Nuestro Padre Francisco, Fray Antonío 30

35 Name Date 5. Since the neophytes had started the rebellion, why do you think most of them returned to the missions when the rebellion ended? 6. True or false? (pg. 68) a. The missions were a very important part of California. b. Some Californios disliked the missions because the missions were Catholic. c. Some Californios disliked the missions because they fed and clothed the soldiers in the presidios. d. Some Californios disliked the missions because they wanted mission lands for themselves. e. The missions controlled thousands and thousands of acres of the best land in California and owned tens of thousands of good livestock. f. Californios wanted the Indians to have all the land and livestock. g. Californios wanted control of the missions to be taken away from the friars. 7. Below are the different plans made to deal with the missions in the 1830s. Check which plan was accepted by the Californios. (pgs ) a. The neophytes, the missions, and all their lands should stay under the friars control. b. Mission lands should be taken from the friars and divided up among the neophytes who would live together in new pueblos. c. Ten of the missions should be taken from the friars. Half of those lands should be given to the neophytes and the other half given to Californios. The neophytes would not control their own lands but be controlled by men called mayordomos. d. All the missions should be taken away from the friars and given to men appointed by the governor. The friars could stay at the missions as priests, but the neophytes would not have to obey them. The Indians must obey the state officials instead. A Journey Across America: California 31

36 8. Circle the correct word or phrase in bold that completes each sentence. (pg. 70) a. The [Franciscans/mayordomos] controlled the mission lands for the good of the Indians. b. The [Franciscans/mayordomos] worked only for their own good. c. Under the mayordomos control the missions grew [richer/poorer]. d. The Indians did not farm their lands because [they did not know how to by themselves/they hated farming]. e. Indians who stayed at the missions were forced to work for the [friars/mayordomos]. f. Many [friars/indians] fled the missions and many stopped practicing their faith. g. The [Californios/Mexican government] changed its mind about secularizing the missions. h. The [governor of California/Mexican president] ordered the missions to be given back to the friars, but no one would listen. i. As the missions grew poorer, their lands were [given to the neophytes/sold off]. 9. Do the math. (pg. 70) a. In what year was the last of the mission lands sold? b. In what year did Fray Junípero Serra establish the first mission? c. Using these years, figure out many years the missions lasted in California: 10. Match the columns. (pgs ) A. rancho [ ] boiled down cattle fat used to make soap and candles B. ranchero [ ] powerful and dangerous animal that killed livestock C. cattle [ ] cowboy, excellent horse rider D. tallow [ ] person who works on a rancho E. hide [ ] rancho owner F. vaquero [ ] many were made up of lands taken from the missions G. sombrero [ ] wife of a rancho owner H. lariat [ ] raised for food, hides, and tallow I. grizzly bear [ ] wide-brimmed hat worn by vaqueros J. don [ ] generous and friendly treatment of guests and visitors K. doña [ ] rope used for lassoing or tethering animals L. hospitality [ ] used to make leather 32

37 Name Date 11. If you were a Californio travelng through California in the early 1800s and needed a place to stay, would a rancho be a good choice? Explain your answer. The Men from the East 1. Fill in the blanks. (pgs ) a. Before 1826, Americans only traveled to California by. b. If Americans wanted to stay and live in California, Mexican law required them to become Mexican and. c. Mountainy men were adventurers who wandered through the West trapping. d. Jedediah Smith was a mountainy man who wanted to discover a into California from the. e. Starting at the Desert in Utah, Smith made the difficult journey to Mission. f. Two guided Smith and his men across the arid Desert. g. Smith was able to travel through the Mountains at El Cajón, a low place in the mountain range. h. It was against Mexican for Americans to enter California this way, so the governor told Smith to leave. i. Smith did not leave the way he had come, but went north into the Valley, where he found plenty of to trap. j. Smith s stories of trapping inspired other trappers to follow his into California. A Journey Across America: California 33

38 2. Study the map on page 50 in your textbook. Then follow the directions below. a. Label these places on the blank map below: Colorado River, Mojave River, El Cajón Pass, Mission San Gabriel, Sierra Nevada, Mojave Desert, and the San Joaquin Valley. b. Reread the description of Jedediah Smith s first journey into California on pages Now, draw a line to show his journey. c. Draw a line to show where Smith traveled when he was told to leave California. Great Basin Desert Tehachapi Mnts. Did you know? Mountainy men had to be very tough and brave since they faced many dangers and harsh conditions in their Western travels. Three years before his expedition into California, Jedediah Smith was exploring the wilds of South Dakota. There, he was attacked by a grizzly bear. Smith fought the bear, and when the bear finally ran off, Smith s companions ran to help him. Smith was badly wounded with his ribs broken and his scalp and ear torn off. The men cleaned and bound his wounds. One of the men sewed Smith s scalp back on as best he could. The attack left Smith with a large scar from his eyebrow to his ear. He grew his hair long and combed it over the side of his head to hide his scars. 34

39 Name Date Chapter 6 The Conquest of California 1. Number these events of Johann Sutter s life in the order they occurred. (pgs ) a. He sailed to Hawaii, then to Alaska. b. He went to Missouri and tried to earn money by trade. c. 1 Sutter and his family operated a dry-goods store in Switzerland. d. He took a ship to San Francisco. e. Sutter became a powerful man in California. f. To escape his creditors, he joined a trapping expedition and headed West. g. Sutter settled on a rancho in the Central Valley near the American River. h. He got into debt again at Nueva Helvetia. i. To escape his creditors, he left his family and fled to New York City. j. The California governmor told Sutter he could stay in California. k. He traveled all the way to Fort Vancouver on the Columbia River. l. The governor named Sutter a Mexican official and gave him the job of defending California from American invaders from the East. 2. On the map draw a line to show the route the pioneers led by Fitzpatrick traveled. The party split when it reached Soda Springs. Draw lines to show each party s basic route. (pgs ) A Journey Across America: California 35

40 3. Answer the following questions. (pgs ) a. Instead of guarding California from Americans entering illegally, what did Sutter do? b. Why were Americans coming to California called immigrants? c. Why didn t the Mexican government want Americans to come to California? d. Why did Americans settle in California, even though they were breaking the law? e. Explain the United States idea of manifest destiny : f. What did the U. S. believe stood in the way of its manifest destiny? g. Why wouldn t Mexico sell California to the United States? _ h. What was U.S. President Polk willing to do to get California? _ i. Why did Polk send American troops into Mexican territory? 36

41 Name Date The Pathfinder 1. Fill in the blanks to complete the paragraph. Use words from the box. (pgs ) General hunting immediately ammunition Year Monterey San Diego Sutter s Fort flag cannon mountain Naval troops San Joaquin Valley winter Mexican Sacramento United States Army lazy Supplies suspicious map-making food American camp battle standoff Californios message armed message Consul San Jose Oregon foreigners California governor rebels ranchos In December 1845, Captain John Charles Frémont of the entered California with 16 men. After a short stay at fort, Frémont went to to visit Thomas Larkin, the United States in California. The California government wondered what a group of armed were doing in California. Frémont claimed he was on a expedition for the United States and came into California for before heading to. California s commanding, José Castro, gave Frémont and his men permission to spend the in the San Joaquin Valley. Instead of going to the San Joaquin Valley, Frémont went to a ranch near. There settlers and visited him. When Frémont began exploring other parts of California, it made General Castro, and he demanded that Frémont leave California. Instead of obeying, Frémont and his men built a on a in the Salinas Valley and raised an American over it. Castro gathered at nearby Mission San Juan Bautista. After a three-day with Castro, Frémont broke and headed toward the. Frémont continued up the Valley, visiting American on the way. In Oregon, U.S. officer, Archibald Gillespie, had an important for Frémont. No one knows what Gillespie told Frémont, but it made Frémont turn back again into. A Journey Across America: California 37

42 The Conquest of California 1. True or false? (pg ) a. Frémont returned to California to stir up rebellion against the United States government. b. Frémont spread a lie to stir up fear among the Americans. c. Armed Spaniards were planning to destroy crops, burn houses, and drive off the cattle of the Americans in the Sacramento Valley. d. Frémont invited the Spaniards to join him at his camp. e. The Americans in California became afraid. f. The Spaniards captured 200 horses and sent them to Frémont s camp. g. General Vallejo was a Californio who had helped destroy the missions. h. Vallejo wanted California to be part of the United States. 2. Circle the name of the person who would most likely say each sentence. (pg. 83) a. Merritt or Vallejo: Capture those horses and send them to Frémont! b. Merritt or Vallejo: On to Sonoma, men! c. Merritt or Vallejo: As the former Governor of California, I am an important man. d. Merritt or Vallejo: I am the military commander here in Sonoma. e. Merritt or Vallejo: He is a rich Californio, so he is our enemy. f. Merritt or Vallejo: Why are there strange men surrounding my home? g. Merritt or Vallejo: I am your friend! h. Merritt or Vallejo: I too want California to be part of the United States. i. Merritt or Vallejo: Let s have more brandy. j. Merritt or Vallejo: I do not believe you are a friend to Americans. k. Merritt or Vallejo: Take him and those two to Frémont s camp at once! l. Merritt or Vallejo: This is outrageous! You cannot take me prisoner! Did you know? The city of Vallejo in the north San Francisco Bay area is named after General Vallejo. The city was part of the original 84,000 acre land grant given to General Vallejo by the Mexican government. If you visit the Sonoma State Historic Park, you can see General Vallejo s home. 38

43 Name Date 3. Circle the correct word or phrase in bold that completes each sentence. (pgs ) a. Americans who had come to California without [permission/passports] feared the Mexican government might [put them in prison/force them to leave]. b. Americans settlers did not want to live under the [Mexican/United States] government. c. Americans who wanted California to belong to the United States were willing to [vote/fight] to make sure it did. d. The American revolt began in [southern/northern] California. e. The revolt in California was called the [California Independence War/Bear Flag Revolt]. f. There was [very little fighting/much bloodshed] in the war between the rebels and the Californios. 4. Number the events in the order they happened. (pgs ) a. Frémont was made the leader of the revolt and headed to Sutter s Fort. b. On the Fourth of July, the Americans celebrated U.S. Independence Day in Sonoma. c. The U.S. Congress declared war on Mexico on May 13, d. On June 14, 1846, William Brown Ide raised a new flag in Sonoma and declared California was independent of Mexico. e. 1 U. S. President Polk sent General Taylor and American troops to the Rio Grande. f. Commodore Robert F. Stockton sent troops to San Diego, and the city surrendered. g. Stockton proclaimed that all of California belonged to the United States. h. Mexican cavalry crossed the Río Grande and fought the American troops. i. Commodore John Drake Sloat of the U.S. Navy sailed into Monterey and raised the U.S. flag. j. General Castro refused to surrender to Commodore Sloat but could not fight. k. Los Angeles voted to surrender to the Americans. 5. Finish and color the California Republic flag made by William Ide. Follow the description on page 83 in the textbook. CALIFORNIA REPUBLIC A Journey Across America: California 39

44 The Californios Fight Back 1. Match the columns. (pgs ) A. Archilbald Gillespie [ ] the port of Los Angeles B. Los Angeles [ ] the Californios old cannon C. Angeleños [ ] large guns used to shoot over long distances D. San Pedro [ ] commander of the Californios in Los Angeles E. Sérbulo Varela [ ] U.S. Army general who conquered New Mexico F. Juan Flores [ ] American left in charge of Los Angeles by Stockton G. William Mervine [ ] wild, rambunctious pueblo H. artillery [ ] U.S. naval captain I. reata [ ] Angeleño who led an attack on the Americans J. Old Woman s Gun [ ] people of Los Angeles K. Stephen W. Kearny [ ] long rope with a noose at the end L. Andrés Pico [ ] led the Californios against the Americans in the Battle of San Pasqual 2. What mistakes did each of these men make in dealing with the Californios? (pgs ) a. Commodore Stockton: _ b. Archibald Gillespie: _ c. Captain Mervine: _ d. General Kearny: _ 40

45 Name Date 3. Describe with a picture or with words how the Californios freed Los Angeles from the Americans on October 8, (pg. 86) California Conquered Again Fill in the blanks. (pgs ) a. The Americans had more and better than the Californios. b. Even though the Californios were the best alive, they could not win a war using. c. After a short fight with the American forces, the Californios surrendered on January 10, d. Andrés Pico realized he could not the Americans and signed a with Frémont on January 13, e. The Treaty of ended the war in California. f. The war in California was part of the - War. g. In the of Guadalupe Hidalgo of 1848, Mexico gave up of its territory to the United States. h. New,, Colorado,, Nevada, and became part of the United States of America. A Journey Across America: California 41

46 Geography Review Using the numbers on the blank map below, write the correct number next to the listed places. See the map on page 50 in the textbook for help. Monterey Los Angeles San Diego Nueva Helvetia Sonoma Mission San Juan Bautista Sacramento River American River San Joaquin Valley Sierra Nevada Mountains On the map above: Circle the place where William Ide raised his California Republic flag. Draw an X on the place where Pico signed a peace treaty with Frémont. 42

47 Name Date Chapter 7 The Gold Rush What James Marshall Found Fill in the blanks to help James Marshall tell his story (pgs ) a. and I decided to build a sawmill on the River. Since I was a I built it. e. After that, the news spread like a, and men rushed to California to strike it. By the end of the year, about 10,000 people had become. d. The California Star reported it was a at first, but when Sam Brannan learned it was true, he went through the streets of shouting, b. On January 24,, I was inspecting the millrace when I saw something in the water. I reached down and picked it up. It looked like!! It was about half the size and shape of a. c. I took the to Sutter and we discussed what to do next. We decided to keep the discovery a, but the news soon spread all over northern. The Days of Match the Columns. (pgs ) A. U.S. government [ ] person who comes into to a country to settle B. emigrant [ ] narrow strip of land that connects two larger areas of land C. immigrant [ ] lifeless place on the edge of the Mojave Desert C. Forty-niners [ ] person who leaves one country to settle in another D. Donner Party [ ] confirmed gold had been discovered in California E. Death Valley [ ] people who came to California in 1849 F. isthmus [ ] pioneers traveling to California who were stranded all winter in the Sierra Nevada A Journey Across America: California 43

48 2. On the map below, label the Atlantic Ocean, the Pacific Ocean, the United States, South America, and Cape Horn. Then draw lines to show the two ways one could travel by sea from the U.S. east coast to California. Which sea route was the quickest, but most risky? Why was it risky? 3. Imagine you are heading out from the eastern United States to California to seek gold. Ask yourself these questions: What kind of work or life am I leaving behind? Do I want to become rich, or am I just seeking new adventures? Is anyone going with me? What will I take with me? Will I travel by land or sea? If go by ship, will I take the very long, easy route or the shorter, riskier route? If I go by land, will I take the old and well-used Old Spanish Trail or will I take the more dangerous Oregon/California Trail? Will I load my belongings into a covered wagon? Will I have any adventures on the way? Will I face any dangers? Write your travel story on a separate sheet of paper. You could write it as a diary or journal. Or you could tell your story in pictures. Use some of the descriptions and details found on pages in the textbook in your own story. 44

49 Name Date 4. Circle the correct word or phrase in bold that completes each sentence. (pgs ) a. Placer mining uses [water/hammers] to separate lighter materials from gold. b. Gold is [lighter/heavier] than gravel, rock, and dirt. c. [Quartz/Calcium] is a mineral that often contains gold and must be [washed/crushed] to get the gold out. d. All sorts of men came from all over the [United States/world] to search for gold. e. Some miners lived together in tents or [boarding houses/shanties] in camps. f. Life in mining camps was [civilized/rough and wild]. g. [Many/Very few] women lived in mining camps. h. Black people were treated [as equals/badly] in mining camps. i. [Only a few/many] miners found gold and became rich. 5. Do the math. a. Before the Gold Rush about 10,000 non-native people lived in California. During the Gold Rush the population of non-natives swelled to 223, 856. About how many people emigrated to California because of the Gold Rush? + people b. In 1848 Yerba Buena (San Francisco) had about 800 people. By 1850, its population was over 40,000. Estimate how many people moved to Yerba Buena in two years. + people c. The lowest point in Death Valley is 282 feet below sea level. The highest place in the mountains surrounding Death Valley is Telescope Peak at 11,049 feet above sea level. What is the distance between the lowest point and the highest point in Death Valley? (Hint: Sea level is 0.) feet A Journey Across America: California 45

50 A Home for All the World 1. Answer the following. (pg ) a. Give two reasons why San Francisco s population increased during the Gold Rush: b. Name two cities that sprang up in northern California during the Gold Rush: c. Why didn t southern California change much during the time of the Gold Rush? d. Explain how San Francisco decided to deal with crime and lawlessness: e. Was it a successful method? f. Why was it not a very good way to carry out justice? 2. Fill in the blanks. (pg. 101) a. Father José Sadoc Alemany was born in and was a member of the order. b. He came to America and worked as a in Ohio, Tennessee, and Kentucky. f. After years serving the Church in California, he returned to where he died. c. Alemany was fluent in Spanish,, Italian, French, and. e. He brought many priests,, and orders to California to educate Catholics and found. d. Alemany was made the first American of California in 1850 and the first of San Francisco in

51 Name Date 3. Fill in the blanks. Use the words in the box. (pgs ) Mexicans lands married favored rich cattle lawyers tax raided east lazy soldiers Japanese Californios foreigners nationalities $100 Indians squatting destroying $20 miners west impoverished fine murdered cheated religions useless Chinese races useful a. During the Gold Rush, people of many different and came to California. b. Americans from the were unhappy that there were so many among the miners. c. A law was passed that said all foreigners had to pay a of a month or leave California. d. Laws were passed to limit the number of and entering California. e. It was hard for to keep Americans from on their ranch lands. f. The U.S. government Americans over Californios in boundary disputes. g. Californios had to sell large portions of their to pay. h. Many Californios became defending their property claims. i. worked in the fields and were vaqueros on the ranchos. j. Americans thought Indians were and and in the way. k. In the Sacramento Valley, miners Indians. l. When the Mojave, Yuma, and Apache tribes white settlements, settlers fought back by whole native villages. 4. Do the math. When Cabrillo came to California in the 16 th century, there were an estimated 300,000 native peoples living there. In the early 19 th century, the native population had dropped to about 150,000. After the Gold rush, only about 50,000 natives remained. By how much had the native population decreased between Cabrillo s visit and the beginning of the Gold Rush? By how much had it decreased by the end of the Gold Rush? 1542 to people 1848 to people A Journey Across America: California 47

52 5. There was much conflict between people as the population of California grew so quickly. Below are statements different people in California might have made during the Gold Rush. Circle the person who you think would say each statement. a. I want to go to California, but the law says there are too many of my people there already. American Chinese Mexican Indian Californio b. You are jealous because we are such good miners. American Chinese Mexican Indian Californio c. There are too many non-white people in California. American Chinese Mexican Indian Californio d. I am going back home because I cannot pay this expensive tax. American Chinese Mexican Indian Californio e. My cattle graze here. Get off my land! American Chinese Mexican Indian Californio f. I am not in the way. This was my people s land before you came. American Chinese Mexican Indian Californio g. Let s make it too expensive for those miners to stay in California. American Chinese Mexican Indian Californio h. The border of my property is here, not there! American Chinese Mexican Indian Californio i. I feel like my country is being stolen from me. American Chinese Mexican Indian Californio j. They said I was useless, and they wanted my land. American Chinese Mexican Indian Californio k. I left my family and sailed across the Pacific Ocean, but they say I must turn back. American Chinese Mexican Indian Californio l. My son was murdered, but I will not get justice since they will not let me testify in court. American Chinese Mexican Indian Californio m. I want California to be more like the rest of the United States. American Chinese Mexican Indian Californio 48

53 Name Date A New State 1. Match the columns. (pgs ) A. vigilante [ ] to be made poor B. squat [ ] system of laws and ideas that govern a country or state C. impoverish [ ] area of land controlled by a government; not a state D. alcalde [ ] person who is not a police officer but tries to arrest and punish criminals and lawbreakers E. territory [ ] non-elected mayor in a Spanish town F. constitution [ ] to live in a building or on land without the owner s permission and without paying rent 2. Number the steps to California statehood. (pgs ) a. Forty-eight convention members drew up a constitution and sent it to the U.S. Congress for approval. b. The U. S. Congress delayed setting up a territorial government for California. c. The United States conquered California and set up a military government, governed by a general and alcaldes. d. Congress approved California s constitution. e. The military governor called a constitutional convention to meet in Monterey in September f. Californians held elections for governor, state legislature, and for congressional representatives and Senators. g. Exasperated Californians decided they needed a constitution convention. 3. Answer the following. (pg. 103) a. When did California enter the United States as a state? b. The Constitution of California said that all its laws had to be published in what two languages? Did you know? Eureka is a Greek word, meaning I have found it. It is California s state motto. A Journey Across America: California 49

54 Geography Review On the map below, label these places: the Sacramento River, the American River, the Feather River, Death Valley, San Francisco, Sacramento, Oakland, Stockton. (See the map on page 92 in the textbook for help.) Circle the place where gold was first found in California. 50

55 Name Date Chapter 8 War, Mails, and Rails A New State Government 1. Match the columns. (pgs ) A. rambunctious [ ] does not permit slavery B. free state [ ] keeping people of different races apart C. Know-Nothings [ ] branch of the government that makes laws D. Hispanic [ ] difficult to control; wild E. legislature [ ] American Party F. segregation [ ] person who comes from a region where Spanish is spoken 2. Check the correct answer. (pgs ) a. Who did the American Party want to keep out of the United States? Chinese Hispanics Catholics All of the above b. Who could not vote in California? African Americans Native Americans Chinese All of the above c. What issue split the Democratic party in 1855? immigration slavery location of the state capital All of the above d. What were African Americans not allowed to do in California? mine for gold publish a newspaper send their children to schools with white children All of the above e. What city became the capital of California in 1854? San Diego Sacramento San Francisco Los Angeles A Journey Across America: California 51

56 Ships, Stagecoaches, and Ponies 1. Answer the following. (pgs ) a. What were the problems of traveling from California to the eastern U.S. by ship? b. What were the problems of traveling from California to the eastern U.S. by stagecoach? c. Explain how the Pony Express worked. d. What replaced the Pony Express? 2. Do the math. a. The Butterfield stage covered 2,800 miles in 25 days. About how many miles would it cover in one day? b. The Pony Express riders covered 1,966 miles in 9 days. About how many miles would be covered in one day? miles miles 52

57 Name Date 3. Fill in the blanks. (pgs ) a. The was fine for sending messages, but not goods or. b. Californians wanted a railroad to connect them to the eastern U.S. c. Theodore Dehone Judah proposed building a route from to the East and discovered how to get the railroad over the. d. Judah and four businessmen formed the Railroad Company of California to finance building of the railroad. e. and President approved the construction of the railroad in f. Due to the, not much work was done on the railroad, except in California. g. Judah before the railroad was completed. California and the Civil War True or false? (pgs ) a. California played a small, but important part in the Civil War. b. Most Californians wanted to secede from the Union. c. In 1860, California elected a pro-slavery governor. d. Californians helped elect Abraham Lincoln president in e. California sent millions of dollars in gold to help the Union army. f. California shipped wool, wheat, and other good to help the Union army. g. No Californians fought in the Union Army. California after the War 1. Answer the following. (pg. 110) a. When did the California Gold Rush end? b. How did San Francisco become prosperous in the 1860s? _ A Journey Across America: California 53

58 2. On each book, write the name of a famous American writer who lived in California. (pg. 110) 3. In the spaces, write the word that answers each clue. One letter is written in each space. If all the words are filled in correctly, the long box running up and down will be the word that completes the statement at the end. (pgs ) a. essay in a newspaper that gives the opinion of the editor b. name used by a writer than is different from his own name c. immigrants who built the Central Pacific railroad d. having to do with literature e. mineral discovered in Nevada f. richly decorated g. state where the Union Pacific and Central Pacific railroads met h. what was hammered in to join the Union Pacific and Central Pacific tracks a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h. The completion of the transatlantic in the 1860s was a very important event for California. 54

59 Name Date 4. On the map below, trace the tracks that the Union Pacific Railroad Company built. With a different colored pencil, trace the tracks that the Central Pacific Railroad Company built. Circle and label the place where the tracks joined. Write the date they joined. (pgs ) Extra Credit: Label the states. 5. Answer the following, using the map above. a. Did the Union Pacific or the Central Pacific lay more miles of track? b. Why was this company able to lay more track? c. What states would you travel through on a railroad journey from Chicago to Sacramento? A Journey Across America: California 55

60 California s Last Indian War 1. Answer the following. (pg. 112) a. What was Edward F. Beale s idea of an Indian reservation? _ b. What did reservations become after Beale? 2. Number the events in the order they happened. (pgs ) a. The Modoc drove back 300 American soldiers. b. Kientpoos fled south to hide. c. The Modoc refused to return and fought back against the U. S. Army. d. Kientpoos shot and killed General Canby. e. In 1872, the government tried to force the Modoc back on the reservation. f. Kientpoos was condemned to death and executed by hanging. g. General Canby insisted the Modoc return to the Klamath reservation. h. 1 In 1864, the U. S. government moved the Klamath and Modoc tribes to a reservation in southern Oregon. i. In April 1873, the U.S. government held a peace conference with the Modoc. j. After being treated badly by the Klamath, 370 Modoc left the reservation and moved to their homeland in northern California in k. The Modoc who had followed Kientpoos were sent to live on an Indian reservation in Oklahoma. l. A Modoc betrayed Kientpoos hiding place and he was captured on June 1, m. Kientpoos led the Modoc to a region covered by lava beds and sagebrush thickets. 56

61 Name Date Geography Review On the map below, label these places: Sacramento, Vallejo, San José, Tejon, Modoc Homeland, and Nevada. (See map on page 92 in the textbook for help.) Circle the place where the first Indian reservation in California was established. Draw a star on the city that became the state capital of California. A Journey Across America: California 57

62 Extra Credit Imagine you are one of the characters below. Write a short story about your experiences. Pony Express rider Chinese railroad worker Stagecoach driver Convention of the Colored Citizens of California member Captain of a ship sailing from the east coast to California Miner leaving California to mine silver in Nevada Modoc Indian fighting to stay on your homeland Newspaper reporter in California Californian trying to get people to vote for an anti-slavery governor Railroad investor California silver millionaire California Indian living on the Tejon reservation 58

63 Name Date Chapter 9 A Time of Growth and Struggle The Man Who Saved Yosemite 1. Fill in the blanks to help John Muir tell his story. Use words from the box. (pgs ) a. I was born in in 1838, but my family to the United States when I was a boy. g. I wrote articles about my experiences in the and helped found the Club. I showed people that we needed to protect and save these places of natural beauty from. f. I eventually made it to in California. I was so by the valley s beauty, that I dedicated myself to studying and it. b. We settled in and even though I had a hard life there, I developed a deep love of. c. I was also interested in and was a very creative. d. I was working in a in Indianapolis, when I had an that changed my life. e. It made me temporarily and I vowed that if regained my, I would dedicate myself to studying the world. I was healed and set off to find the gardens of. Canada blind store wilderness destruction factory gadgets annoyed Scotland Yosemite Sequoia Redwood Wisconsin protecting exploiting inventor emigrated God Sierra accident dream overwhelmed sight immigrated nature natural deaf hunters A Journey Across America: California 59

64 2. The actions of humans in the natural world always have consequences. Sometimes, those are intentional and good. Often, humans are thoughtless and don t fully think about the long-term effects of their actions on the world. Write what activity or persons caused the following effects. (pgs ) a. destroyed whole hillsides mud and silt fell into the rivers ruined farmland on the river banks and hindered salmon from spawning b. Yosemite looked like a parkland c. debris lay in heaps d. sea otters, grizzly bears, and elk almost disappeared e. open spaces for food plants to grow in Yosemite f. decrease in forest, especially redwood and Sequoia g. easier hunting in Yosemite h. California is more than just a place to hunt wealth Circle the letter of the actions or persons above who contributed to the destruction of natural places in California. Discuss what could have been done differently to prevent the destruction. A Ranching and Farming Land 1. Circle the correct word or phrase in bold that completes each sentence. (pgs ) a. The main difficulty of farming in California is the lack of [fertile soil/water]. b. California must rely on [irrigation/fertilizers] to grow crops. c. Most of California s rain falls in the [winter/spring]. d. [Cattle/Gold] was the great source of wealth in Spanish and Mexican times in California. e. When the United States conquered California, the large ranchos were divided into smaller ranches so more [cities could be built/people could have small farms and ranches]. f. [Bigger ranchers/the government] forced smaller ranches out of business. g. Many small famers raised [dairy/beef] cattle, and Los Angeles County soon produced more [beef/milk] than any other state. h. Many California farmers took advantage of the [winter/spring] rains and grew wheat. i. [Middle men/the government] made it hard for small farmers to [grow enough crops/earn enough money] to keep their farms going. j. The most successful crop grown in California has been [citrus/cotton]. 60

65 Name Date 2. Match the columns. (pgs ) A. middleman [ ] man-made passage that moves water from one place to another B. irrigate [ ] shallow, salty inland lake in southern California, formed by water from the Colorado River C. underground [ ] area in southern California made into rich farmland by irrigation D. citrus [ ] seedless fruit trees were throughout southern California E. navel orange [ ] source of water for the Imperial Valley. F. grove [ ] someone who buys goods from the one who produces them and sells them to someone else G. Sunkist [ ] where many of the streams in California run H. arid [ ] small group of trees I. Fruit Growers Exchange [ ] to water crops by other ways than rainfall J. canal [ ] fruits such as oranges, lemons, limes, and grapefruits K. Salton Sea [ ] dry from lack of rain L. Imperial Valley [ ] brand of oranges grown in California M. Colorado River [ ] organization of California farmers who joined together to sell their produce 3. Answer the following. (pgs ) a. How was the California Fruit Growers Exchange good for orange growers? b. How did George Chaffey improve farming in California? A Journey Across America: California 61

66 Industry and Growing Cities 1. In the spaces, write the word that answers each clue. One letter is written in each space. If all the words are filled in correctly, the long box running up and down will be the word that completes the statement at the bottom of the page. (pg. 121) a. product made from oil, used to pave roads b. the man who drilled an oil well in Los Angeles c. type of business that produces goods or provides a service d. factory that produces metals such as steel e. mineral used in making laundry detergent f. used by the Santa Fe Railroad to power its trains instead of wood or coal g. railroad town at edge of the Mojave Desert h. 18 of these animals were used to haul wagons of borax i. sudden growth in business or industry a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h. i. The discovery of in California started an important industry in the state. 62

67 Name Date 2. Do the math. (pg. 122) a. In 1870, there were 149,473 people living in San Francisco and 16,283 people living in Sacramento. Which city had the greater population? What was the difference in population? b. In 1870, there were 149,473 people living in San Francisco and only 5,728 people in Los Angeles. How many more people did San Francisco have than Los Angeles? c. By 1900, the population of Los Angeles had grown to 102,479. In 1870, the population was 5,728. How many people moved to Los Angeles between 1870 and 1900? d. Between 1870 and 1900, the population of all southern California grew from less than 60,000 to about 325,000. How many decades did it take to grow that much? (Hint: a decade is 10 years) e. How many people moved to southern California during the decades between 1870 and 1900? Something to think about. How do we know the population of areas from the past? Those numbers are from recorded censuses. A census is an official counting of the population by the government. Officials go from house to house and asked how many people live there and write down the information. The last census in the United States was done in 2010, and the next one will be in Taking a census is a long process and never 100% accurate. Can you think of some reasons why the numbers of a census couldn t be entirely exact? 3. Match the columns. (pg. 122) A. suburb [ ] property, such as a land or building B. real estate [ ] beginning or upper part of a stream of river C. speculator [ ] town or neighborhood near a large city D. aqueduct [ ] pipe that brings water from one place to another E. headwaters [ ] someone who buys something to sell later for more money A Journey Across America: California 63

68 4. In each statement below, cross out one ending phrase that does not make the sentence true. (pgs ) a. So many people moved to southern California in the 19 th century because they thought it was a healthy place to live. there was plenty of water there. real estate speculators encouraged people to buy land. trains made it easier to travel there. b. Los Angeles did not have enough water because California is an arid land. a drought decreased the amount of water in the Los Angeles River. people used more water than they really needed. its water was piped into the Imperial Valley for farming. c. Mulholland decided Los Angeles could get more water by... building a large reservoir to store rainwater. building an aqueduct. piping it from 250 miles away. convincing the U. S. government to break a promise. d. Getting water from the Owens River Valley to Los Angeles was difficult because e. The Los Angeles Aqueduct there were high and rugged mountains in between. there were canyons and desert in between. Los Angeles was uphill from the Owens Valley. the U.S. government had promised to give the water to the farmers and ranchers of the Owens Valley. took nine years to build. helped southern California grow in population. pumped water 250 miles through underground tunnels. flows by gravity. Did you know? Aqueduct is a word that comes from Latin. It is made of the word aqua (water) and ducere (to draw along from place to place). An aqueduct is a way of drawing water from one place to another. The ancient Romans built aqueducts to bring water to their cities and these structures looked something like bridges. 64

69 Name Date California Goes Progressive 1. Write the name of the person or group from the box that matches each description. (pgs ) Lincoln-Roosevelt League State Railroad Commission Public Service Commission Workingmen s Party San Francisco Earthquake Hiram Johnson Big Four Progressives Granges Denis Kearney a. were four wealthy men who owned nearly all the railroads in California and controlled the state government with their wealth. b. were organizations formed by farmers to oppose the power of the railroad. c. was formed by Denis Kearney. It demanded that the government break up large businesses into smaller ones. d. was established by the new state constitution to make sure the Southern Pacific and other railroads acted for the good of everyone. e. wanted to change the state government so it would not be controlled by big business. f. was inspired by President Theodore Roosevelt. It worked to get progressive candidates elected to public office. g. asked voters to Kick the Southern Pacific out of politics. He was the first progressive governor of California. h. gave the state government power over railroads, gas, and electricity. i. occurred on April 18, 1906, and was one of the greatest disasters in California history. A Journey Across America: California 65

70 2. In each statement below cross out the one phrase that does not make the sentence true. (pgs ) a. The 1870s was a hard time for Californians because a bad drought kept grain crops from growing. small farmers lost their lands to big farms. city workers worked long hours for very little pay. an earthquake destroyed San Francisco. b. The state government did not help workers or small farmers because the Big Four made sure the state government did what they wanted it to do. wealthy people controlled the state government. it was against the state constitution. people who paid low wages controlled economic life in California. c. The Grangers opposed the Big Four because the Big Four wanted to rewrite the state constitution. the Big Four bribed government leaders. the railroads charged high prices to ship crops and goods. the railroads favored larger farmers over smaller farmers. d. The California convention of 1878 approved the founding of a public school system in the state. established a State Railroad Commission. allowed more Chinese workers into the state. rewrote the state constitution e. California progressives wanted the people to be able to vote public officials out of office. the people to have the power to introduce laws and approve them. to end big business control over the state government. workers to be paid low wages. f. The San Francisco Earthquake killed 28,000 people. knocked down electric wires which caused massive fires. broke underground water pipes. struck on April 18,

71 Name Date Geography Review Study the maps on pages 92 and 130 in the textbook. On the map below label these places: Colorado River, Death Valley, Mojave Desert. Write the names of the following places in the correct box: Los Angeles, Mojave, San Francisco, Santa Clara Valley, Pacheco Pass, Yosemite, Owens River Valley, Salton Sea, Imperial Valley. a. Draw a line to show John Muir s route to Yosemite after he landed in San Francisco. (pg. 116) b. Draw a line to show the route the 20-mule teams traveled to get borax from the mines to the railroad. (pg. 121) c. Draw a line to show the path of the Los Angeles Aqueduct. A Journey Across America: California 67

72 Mail Time Imagine you have moved to California in the late 19 th or early 20 th century. You want to send a postcard to your family in the East to let them know you have arrived safely and where you are now living. You have probably seen many postcards in gift shops: one side has a picture or photo and the other side is blank so you can write a short message and the mailing address. Draw a picture on the front of your postcard below. It should be of something that existed in the late 1800s or early 1900s. Here are some ideas: a sailing ship, a train, Yosemite, San Francisco, Los Angeles, San Joaquin Valley, Mojave Desert, Death Valley, the Pacific Ocean, rivers, grizzly bears, sea otters, elk, condors, eagles, Sequoia or redwood trees, orange groves, cattle ranch, oil rig, wheat farm, 20-mule team, mines, mission church, California Native Americans Write your short message on the other side: 68

73 Name Date Chapter 10 How Today s California Came to Be The State That Would Not Stop Growing 1. Write three reasons so many people moved to California: (pg. 131) _ 2. Do the Math. a. In 1850, the population of California was 92,597. By 1940, it had grown to almost 7,000,000. By about how much had the population increased between 1850 and 1940? b. Over how many decades did this population increase happen? (Hint: A decade is 10 years.) c. In 1920, California s population was 3.5 million. In 1930, it was 5.7 million. In 1940, it was 7 million. Did California s population increase more between 1920 and 1930 or between 1930 and 1940? California Between the Wars 1. True or False (pgs ) a. California supplied the U. S. Army with food and cotton during World War I. b. After the war, California decreased its agricultural production. c. California grew almost as many garden crops as Oregon. d. California had closed its gold, silver, and borax mines by e. By 1920, California produced more oil than Texas. f. The manufacture of Model T cars in Detroit caused a greater demand for petroleum. A Journey Across America: California 69

74 g. Paved roads and sunny weather made it possible for Californians to live farther away from where they worked. h. Los Angeles is a compact city like San Francisco or Boston. i. The first movies were made in California. j. The Los Angeles area was a good place to make movies because it had plenty of sunny days and fine weather. k. California is a good place to make movies because it has a wide variety of outdoor scenery. l. Many film studios were built in Hollywood, a suburb of Los Angeles. Boom and Bust 1. In each statement below, cross out the ending phrase that does not make the sentence true. (pgs ) a. The 1920s were a prosperous time in the United States because b. In the Great Depression everyday people could buy new products. many Americans were investing in the stock market. most Americans were going to college. the country was getting wealthier. millions of Americans left the country. millions of people lost their jobs. some wealthy men became very poor. many people became homeless. c. During the Great Depression, Americans stopped buying fruit from California. going to movie theaters. traveling for vacations in California. sending their children to school. d. President Roosevelt s New Deal program was a plan to get the country out of the Depression. did not help California. started government programs to give people work. took several years to bring prosperity back to the United States. 70

75 Name Date 2. In the spaces, write the word that answers each clue. One letter is written in each space. If all the words are filled in correctly, the long box running up and down will be the word that completes the statement at the bottom of the page. (pgs ) a. what the farming regions destroyed by strong winds were called b. what Californians called people from Oklahoma c. Asian country where many California immigrants came from d. nickname for California e. state where the wind storms first struck f. time where there is very little or no rain g. migrant workers came from this country h. someone who wanders from place to place in search of work a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h. During the 1930s, hundreds of thousands of poor farmers from came to California because their farms had been destroyed by drought and dust storms. A Journey Across America: California 71

76 3. Below are facts about three of California s water projects. If the fact is about the Hetch Hetchy Reservoir write HHR on the line. If it is about the Hoover Dam, write HD. If it is about the Central Valley Project write CVP. (pg. 136) a. It was opposed by John Muir and the Sierra Club. b. It is not entirely complete. c. It provides hydroelectric power for several states. d. It provides water for San Francisco. e. It flooded a beautiful valley in the Sierra Nevada. f. It is a series of dams and canals. g. It was built on the Colorado River. h. It forms Lake Mead. i. It brings water to southern California. j. It allowed the San Joaquin Valley to become a major farming area. In Time of War Fill in the blanks. (pgs ) a. During World War II, California s and industries grew because they were building more and. b. and manufacturing and production also increased in California. c. California s farms and ranches became the number one producers of. d. More and their families moved to California. e. The U.S. government built in California and hundreds of thousands of workers and men moved to California. f. The University of California at Berkeley managed the Project which developed the bomb. g. During the war, in California were placed in centers because Americans were afraid they would help the enemy. h. To prevent future wars, nations gathered in in April 1945 to form the Organization. 72

77 Name Date California after World War II 1. In each statement below cross out one ending phrase that does not make the sentence true. a. California s rapidly increasing population was the cause of housing tracts being built. drought. urban sprawl. subway systems being built b. Those who opposed building a rapid transit system in southern California were.. c. Freeways in southern California Disneyland. car dealerships. oil companies. Automobile Club of Southern California. created new communities. covered up and destroyed good farm land. increased traffic and air pollution. decreased urban sprawl. 2. Match the columns. (pgs ) A. sprawl [ ] system of underground trains in urban areas B. urban [ ] way of moving from one place to another C. housing tract [ ] fog mixed with smoke produced by cars and factories D. commuter [ ] connects cities in the San Francisco Bay area E. subway [ ] large number of similar houses built by a developer F. BART [ ] to spread out in an uncontrolled and ugly way G. transit [ ] having to do with cities H. freeway [ ] someone who travels regularly to and from a place I. smog [ ] large highway for fast moving traffic without traffic lights Did you know? In the United States, odd-numbered highways run north to south, while evennumbered highways run east to west. Interstate 5 goes from the border of Mexico to the border of Canada. On Interstate 10, you can travel from the Pacific Ocean to Florida. A Journey Across America: California 73

78 A Multi-Cultural State 1. Answer the following. (pgs ) a. Why did the Spanish culture of the mission era disappear in California? b. How did the Native American population in California become so small? c. Why did Mexicans begin returning to California in the early 20 th century? d. Describe the life of a migratory farm laborer in California: e. What organization did César Chávez form in 1962 to help farm workers? f. Write three ways this organization helped farm workers: g. How did Hispanics in the cities fight for their rights? h. How did California s government help the growing African-American population in the late 1950s and into the 1960s? 74

79 Name Date 2. Do the Math. Fill in this chart with California s population percentages. (pg. 142) Circle the groups that have increased in population. In the last column, write by how much each group has increased or decreased. Write a plus sign for an increase and a minus sign for an increase or -- White % % Hispanic % % Asian 3 % % Black 7 % 6.2 % American Indian 0.5% 1% The End of the Story Write a short letter to the governor of California. First write down the good things about California. Then write about a problem the state has and what you think the governor could do to help solve the problem. A Journey Across America: California 75