Index. Cambridge University Press The Humanist World of Renaissance Florence Brian Jeffrey Maxson. Index.

Transcription

1 Acciaiuoli family family antiquity, 168, 174 neighborhood, 33 Acciaiuoli, Agnolo, 57 dedicatee, diplomat, 93, 100, 138, 144, 146, 165, 168 exile, 43, 46 learned connections, learned father, 28 relations with Medici, 35, 154 student, 35 Acciaiuoli, Donato, 23, 32 33, 43, 57 59, 77, 138, 144, 167, 172 dedicatee, 22 diplomat, 60, 114, 165, 167, , 174 letter recipient, 5, 31, 74 letter writer, 31 33, 43, 58 Life of Charlemagne, 25 literary humanist, 42, 172 neighborhood, 33 Oration for Cosimo de Medici, Pater Patriae (1464), 69 Oration to Pope Sixtus IV (1471), 65, 172 relations with Medici, 42, 172 status, 157 student, 5, 47 translator, 24, 61, 65 Acciaiuoli, Jacopo d Agnolo, 27 28, 57, 60 exile, 27, 43 learned connections, 43 letter writer, 43 social humanist, 27 Acciaiuoli, Piero, 23, 33, 43, 57, 144 diplomat, 165 letter writer, 31 student, 47 Accolti, Benedetto, 104, 146, 167 chancellor of Florence, 108 dedication by, 108 History, 108 literary humanist, 62 accoppiatore (Florentine government), 158 Acron (Pseudo), 74 Adimari family family antiquity, 115 status, 36, 67, wealth, 78 Adimari, Bernardo, 53 Adimari, Buonaccorso, 53, 78 Aesop, 70, 75 Alamanni, Andrea, 47, 49 Alamanni, Luigi, 165 Alamanni, Piero, 104 Alberti, Bertoldo, Alberti, Francesco, 141 Alberti, Leon Battista, 52, 55, 64, 141 Certame Coronario, 49 Chapel of the Holy Sepulchre, 68 Dog, 65 On the Family, 30, 52, 64, 67 political career, 109 status, 116 Albizzi family family antiquity, 156 status, 79 Albizzi, Luca di Luca, 21 Albizzi, Luca di Maso, 78 diplomat, 44, 117, 138, 140, 144 learned connections, letter recipient, 59 student, 54 Albizzi, Maso degli, 121 Albizzi, Maso di Luca, 78, 165 Albizzi, Maso di Rinaldo, 21 Albizzi, Rinaldo di Maso, 28, 44, 51, 60, 135, 140 dedicatee,

2 284 Albizzi, Rinaldo di Maso (cont.) diplomat, 112, , 140, exile, 20 21, 154 learned connections, 60 letter recipient, 21, 134 letter writer, 134 orator, 60 Albrecht III, Emperor, Alessandri family family antiquity, 115 Alessandri, Alessandro, 146 dedicatee, 55 diplomat, 93, 140, 144, 147, 165 learned connections, 55 likeness of, 55 status, 156 Alessandri, Niccolò, 146 Alfonso, King of Naples, 96, 108, 121, , 158 audience for oration, 29, 38 39, 96, 126 dedicatee, 35, 108 host for diplomat, 37, 108, 116 offers cultural gift, 96 Alighieri, Dante, 22, 52, 64, 67, 132 Altoviti, Bernardo, 167 Amerino, Pirrino, 74 Ammianus Marcellinus, 47 Anacharsis, 137 Ancona, 20 Ancona, Cyriac of, 46 Anjou, 34, 131, 142, 147 Renè of, 29, 34, 51, 108, 112 Apuleius, 72 Aquinas, Thomas, 28 Aretino, Giovanni, 72 Arezzo, Bartolomeo d, 36 Argyropoulos, Giovanni, 8, 23, 43, 62, 144 anecdote of, 32 students of, 5, 42, 58 59, 77 Aristotle, 3, 28, 31, 45, 52, 70, 73, 132 Nicomachean Ethics, 34, 46 48, 49 50, 66, 71, 78, 162, 166 Politics, 24 Posterior Analytics, 54 Rhetoric, 47 Arrighi family status, 35 Arrighi, Alessandro, 35, 48 Arrighi, Simone d Alessandro, 48 ars dictaminis, 130 audience for humanism, 14, 21 for orations, 87, 98, 100, 121, 132, 140, 151, 163, 183 social humanists as, 4, 14 with rulers. See cultural gift Augustan History (Historia augusta), 65 Augustine, 31, 73 Augustus, 147 Aulus Gellius, 72 Avignon, 128, 130 Bacon, Francis, 182 Badia, 29, 31, 45, 144 balìa (Florentine government), 49, 57, 82, 173 Baptistery, 61, 74 Barbadori family relations with the Medici, 35 Barbadori, Antonio di Giovanni, 35, 47 Barbadori, Giovanni, 47 Barbaro, Ermaolo, 118 Barbaro, Francesco, 18 19, 47 dedication by, 44 diplomat, 19 learned connections, 19, 44 letter writer, 46, 60 literary humanist, 20 Barcelona, 73 Bardi, Bartolomeo, 40, 178 learned connections, Bardi, Carlo, 22 Bargello, 29 30, 58 Baron Thesis, 2 3 Baroncelli, Francesco, 146 Bartolini family status, 79 Bartolini, Zanobi, 78 Basil, Saint, 69 Letter to the Youth, 31, 65 Beccanugi, Piero, 139, 141, 144 Becchi, Gentile, 114, 165 Belfrale family status, 79 Belfrale, Bartolomeo, 78 Belfrale, Domenico, 78 Belli, Gabriele, 22 Benci, Tommaso, 165 Bencivenni, Banco, 56 Benino, Francesco del, 45 Benino, Niccolò del, Benvenuti, Lorenzo, 120, 139 Bettuci, Piero, 46 Bible Book of Acts, 171 Book of Daniel, 132, 169 Book of Deuteronomy, 123, 132 Book of Exodus, 148 Book of Genesis, 148 Book of Isaiah, 119, , 132 Book of Jeremiah, 132

3 285 Book of Job, 132 Book of Matthew, 124, , 171, 177 Book of Psalms, 132, , 169 Book of Romans, 169 Books of Kings, 148 Books of Peter, 132 Books of Samuel, 132 Biglia, Andrea, 140 Bisticci, Vespasiano da, 44, 59, 72 73, 88, 117 accompanies diplomats, 93 borrows books, 71 cost of books, 66 dedication by, 21, 32 discussions at shop, 58 learned connections, 46, 58 letter recipient, 24, 57 literary humanist, Lives, 21, 23, 39, 44, 46, 48 50, 80, 85 86, 92, 96, 117, 134, , 157, 165 location of shop, 30, 66 neighbors of, 34 rent at shop, 66 Bivignano, Alessio di, 45 Boccaccio, Giovanni, 22, 32, 64, 67, 75, 132 Decameron, 19, 68, 146 On Famous Women, 132 The Crow, 61 Boethius, 67 68, 70, 75 Bologna, 20, 44 45, 72, 101, 117, 131, 140, 143, 145, 159, 163 Botticelli, Sandro, 166 Bourdieu, Pierre, 17 Braccesi family status, 81 Braccesi, Alessandro, 71, diplomat, 182 learned connections, 80 letter writer, 74 notary, 82 Bracciolini, Jacopo, 65 Biography of Filippo Scolari (Pippo Spano), 65 Commentary on the Triumph of Fame, 61 relations with Medici, 65 translator, 61, 65 Bracciolini, Poggio, 20, 39 40, 51, 55, 65, 114, 126, 129, 146, 162 book hunter, 47 chancellor of Florence, 108 family antiquity, 116 History of the Florentine People, 61, 65 humanistic font, in papal curia, 41, 114 learned connections, 19 letter recipient, 19 letter writer, 18 19, 55 literary humanist, 41 on status, 89 political career, 109 probable book lender, 71 Tales (Facetiae), teacher, 21 translator, 65 Brancacci Chapel, 138 Brancacci family neighborhood, 33 Brancacci, Felice di Michele, 33, 138, 140 Brunelleschi, Filippo, 48, 78, 145 Bruni, Alessandra di Michele (Castellani), 36, 161 Bruni, Donato di Leonardo, 35 36, 161 Bruni, Leonardo, 1, 6, 19, 26, 33, 39, 45, 48, 50 51, 53, 55, 61, 64, 79, 88, 117, 126, 134 chancellor of Florence, 7, 51, 102, , 145 citizen of Florence, 156 Commentary on His Own Times, 64, 162 Commentary on Xenophon s Hellenica, 47 death of, 147 dedication by, 19, 31, 55, 60, 108, 162 Dialogues, 22, 54 diplomat, 18 19, 36 38, 48, 55, 109, , , 141, 155, family antiquity, 116 History of the Florentine People, 25, 48, 61, 64 65, 72, 87, 123 in papal curia, 37, 48, 114, 162 Introduction to Moral Philosophy, 31, 139 letter recipient, 56 letter writer, 20 21, 30, 59, 69, 145 literary humanist, 5, 10, 13, 20, 41, 44, 56, 179 neighborhood, On Knighthood, 60 On the First Punic War, 55, 61, On the Italian War against the Goths, 26, 71, 78, 108 Oration to Diplomats from King Alfonso (1443), 121, 124 Oration to Emperor Albrecht III (1438), Oration to King Alfonso (1442), 29 Oration to Niccolò da Tollentino (1433), 86 Oration to Pope Martin V (1426), , 124, orator, 15, 28, 120, 125, 147 origins of Florence, 25, 64, 123 papal secretary, 162 political career, 107, scribes of, 72 status, 10, 35 38, 121, 126, 134, 160, teacher, 55 tomb of, 42, 145

4 286 Bruni, Leonardo (cont.) translator, 3, 31, 55, 65 66, 69, 71 72, 78, 162 wealth of, 9, 50 writer, 8, 42, 72, 75 writes orations for others, 126 Buda, 113 Buonarroti, Michelangelo, 52 Buongirolamo family, 145 family antiquity, 156 Buongirolamo, Bernardo diplomat, 100, , 165 hires tutor, 145 lawyer, 156, 173 learned connections, 145 parvenu, 159 social humanist, 179 Buongirolamo, Giovanni di Bernardo, 145 Buoninsegni, Domenico, 54, 64 Burckhardt, Jacob, 88, , 110, 184 Caccia family status, 81 Caccia, Michele del, Calderoni, Anselmo, 141 Callixtus III, Pope, , 158 Cambacorta, Giovanni commissary, 161 Canacci, Giovanni, 166 Canigiani family status, 79 Canigiani, Antonio di Giovanni, 77, 165, 173 Capponi, Gino, 28, , 141 commissary, 135 Capponi, Guglielmo, Capponi, Neri di Gino, 95 Commentaries on the Conquest of Pisa, 135 commissary, 117 dedicatee, 140 diplomat, 93, 144, 147 learned son, 28, 140 orator, 140 tomb of, 140 Capponi, Nicola, 146 Capponi, Piero, 166 Capranica, Domenico, 37, 161 Carbone, Ludovico, 105 Carthage, 43 Casavecchia, Banco, 23, Casavecchia, Filippo di Banco, 59 Casentino family status, 79 Casentino, Iacopo di Francesco di Lorenzo di Niccolò da Soci di, 78 Castagno, Andrea del, 28, Famous Men and Women, 32 Castellani family family antiquity, 36 neighborhood, 31 status, 35 36, 134 Castellani, Bartolommea, 36 Castellani, Matteo di Michele, 36, 134 diplomat, 133, 141 learned connections, 36, 134 social humanist, 134, 179 Castellani, Michele, 36 Castiglionchio, Lapo da (the elder), orator, 130 Castiglionchio, Lapo da (the younger) dedication by, translator, Castiglione, Baldassare The Courtier, 54 catasto, 68 70, 78, 81 Cavalcanti family status, 81 Cavalcanti, Giovanni, Cederini, Bartolomeo, 32 Ceffi, Tommaso di Lorenzo, 52, 179 Cennini, Bernardo, 74 Cennini, Domenico, 74 Cennini, Piero, 74 Certame Coronario, 87 Cesarini, Giuliano, 24 chancellor of Florence (Florentine government). See names of individual chancellors diplomatic instructions, gives response to diplomats, orations by, 125 records of orations, 125 chancery (Florentine government), 41 42, 51, 173 records of, 87, 105, 112 status of, 108, 110, 126 workers in, 71, 108, 153, 165, 167, 175 Charlemagne, 25, 123 Charles the Bold, Duke of Burgundy, 89 Chrysoberges, Andreas, 19 Chrysoloras, Manuel, 8, 47, 54 Cicero, 56, 72 73, 78, 130, 132 in libraries, 56, 67 68, 70, 75 76, 81 learned connections of works, 76 Letters to Friends, 81, 137 On Duties, 19 20, 66 On Friendship, 36 On Invention, 130 On Oratory, 66 On the Orator, 22, 77 orator, 56 Phillipics, 29

5 287 quoted by orator/writer, 21, 31, 97, 123, 132 Rhetoric for Herennius, 63, 130 Cieco, Niccolò, 63 Ciompi, 67, 133 Città di Castello, 120 civic humanism, 3, 14, 83 Clairvaux, Bernard of On Consideration, 149, 151 Cocchi-Donati family neighborhood, 31 status, 69 Cocchi-Donati, Antonio, 69 Cocchi-Donati, Costanza (Guicciardini), 69 Cocchi-Donati, Donato, 69, 144 Cocchi-Donati, Giovanni, 69 translator, 31, 65, 69 Cocchi-Donati, Jacopo di Niccolò, Colle, 115 Colle di Val d Elsa, 115, 175 Colleges (Florentine government), 38, 68, 85, 96, 117 Colleoni, Bartolomeo, 159 commissary. See names of individual commissaries gaps in evidentiary record of, 113 in database, 114, 140, 143, 167 typical destinations of, 112 Compagnia de Magi, 145 copyist. See scribes Corbinelli family status, 79 Corbinelli, Antonio, 45 Corbinelli, Bartolomeo (the elder), 133 Corbinelli, Bartolomeo (the younger), 78 Corsini family status, 81, 84 Corsini, Amerigo, 80, 82, 166 Corsini, Filippo, Cosimo, Piero di, 166 Council of Seventy (Florentine government), 82 Council of the Commune (Florentine government), 108 Council of the People (Florentine government), 37, 109 Council, Church Constance, 47, , 158 Ferrara/Florence, 19, 92, 162 Mantua, 90 Pavia/Siena, 136 Pisa, 136 Cresci, Andrea, 166 cultural gift, 25, 88, 90 91, 99, 106, 126, 129, 154, 160, 174, 175, 183. See also diplomat; oratory; ritual after 1484, 182 anecdote of, 129 changes over time, 151, 154, 164, , defined, examples of, 92 99, , , , , 168, instructions for, 105 introduction into diplomacy, language distinctions, 100 records of, 175 significance of, , 181 variation among, , Cyathas, Lorenzo, 27 Dandolo, Marco, 26 Dati, Gregorio, 48 49, 136 Dati, Leonardo di Piero, 48, 52, 141 dedicatee, 55 letter recipient, 49 letter writer, 49 Dati, Leonardo di Stagio, 48 diplomat, , 138 orator, The World, 69, 136 Davanzati, Giuliano, 7, 29, 44, 178 diplomat, , 138, 141, 144 lawyer, 29 learned connections, 29 orator, 126 Davanzati, Mariotto, 141 Decretals, 57 dedication learned connections, 23 25, 179 private vs. public, 108 Demosthenes, 149, 171 Orations, 55 Descartes, René, 182 Diaccetto, Francesco, 53 Didymus of Alexandria, 132 Dieci di Balìa (Florentine government), 18, 26, 47, 85, , 122, 133, 135, 161 authority to send diplomats, records in database, 111 records of, Dini, Francesco, 165 Diogenes Laertius, 73 diplomat, 14, 89. See also specific individuals and destinations, cultural gift, humanists, oratory, ritual, status characteristics of, , 115, database of, 17, embodiment of the regime, 121 importance to humanist movement, 14 15, 89 power to appoint, resident, selection of, , 151, , 182

6 288 diplomat (cont.) state centralization, to Florence, 85 87, 96, 105, , 125, 131, 134, 136 to major vs. minor powers, Dominici, Giovanni, 88 Domizi, Piero di Domenico, 145 Donatello, 61, 145 Equestrian Statue of Gattamelata, 51 Donati, Alamanno, 54 Donati, Sinibaldo, 22 Donation of Constantine, 149 Donatus, 75 education. See names of specific individuals impact of humanism on, 183 learned connections, 23 spread of humanism, 14 15, 181 Egypt, 138 emperor diplomatic destination, 112 host for diplomats, 131, 157 status of diplomats to, 100, 142 England, 12, 139, 146 Erasmus, Desiderius, 1 Eugenius IV, Pope, 171 diplomats to, 20 21, 141 host for diplomats, 117 in Florence, 29, 46, 92, 162 Eusebius, 72 Chronicle, 77 Exhortation to Justice, 87, Fabriano, Gentile da, 56 Three Magi, 50 Faenza, family humanist interests and branches, 16 learned connections, 25 29, literary humanists, 10 nuclear vs. extended, 12, 28 social humanists, 10 Federighi, Carlo, Feltre, Vittorino da, 75 Commentary on Cicero s Rhetoric, 76 Ferrante, King of Naples, 34, 38 audience for oration, 98 99, 126 diplomats from, 99 Ferrara, 102, 105, 143, 159 Ficino family status, 81 Ficino, Marsilio, 3, 62, 69, 77, 80, Book on the Sun and Light, 80 dedicatee, 80 dedication by, 27, 80, 166 in libraries, 75 letter writer, 27, 31, 53 54, 58, 74, 144, 166 literary humanist, 10, 42, 44 On the Christian Religion, 80 political career, 115 relations with Medici, 35, 79 teacher, 27, 54, 58, 69 Three Books on Life, 27, 80 translator, 24, 165 will of, 166 Filarete, Francesco, 105 Filelfo, Francesco, 31 33, 47, 59 dedication by, 45, 49 Florentine Commentaries on Exile, 51, 60, 135, 139 in libraries, 28 letter writer, 46 47, 50, literary humanist, 41 relations with Medici, 24, 34 teacher, 52 translator, 47 Fioravanti, Francesco, 120 Flavio, Biondo, 55, 75, 138 Italy Illustrated, 61 Fonzio, Bartolomeo, 74, dedication of work, 80 in libraries, 75 letter writer, 74, 146 Foresta family status, 70 Foresta, Niccolò di Guido della, 70 Forlì, 79, 113, Fortini family relations with Medici, 51 Fortini, Bartolomeo, 165 Fortini, Battista translator, 65 Fortini, Benedetto (the elder), 51 Fortini, Benedetto (the younger), 51, 141 Fortini, Paolo, 51, 141 chancellor of Florence, 51, 141 Fra Angelico, 73 France, 79 book exchange in, 62 diplomats from, 122 host for diplomat, 82, 90, 131 relations with Florence, 25, 97, 111, 123, status of diplomats to, 100, 142 Frederick III, Emperor, 85, 90, 112, 159 Frescobaldi family status, 79 Frescobaldi, Filippo di Niccolò, 78

7 289 Gaddi, Francesco, 71, 165 Galen, 64 Gambacorta, Giovanni, 161 Genoa, 117, 124, 143, 157, 160 Ghiberti, Lorenzo, 74, 136 Gianfigliazzi family family antiquity, 115, 156 Gianfigliazzi, Bongianni, 98, 167, 172 Gianfigliazzi, Jacopo di Giovanni, Gianfigliazzi, Luigi di Teri di Nello, Gianfigliazzi, Rinaldo, Gianni, Astore, gift, 85 86, 88 89, 99, 152, 167, 183 art, 91 cultural. See cultural gift dedication, 24 material, 90 91, 99, 106 status, 90 91, 99, 106 Giogante, Michele del, 63, 69 Giovio, Paolo, 67 Giugni, Bernardo, 124, 126, 144, 165 Gozzoli, Benozzo, 145 Procession of the Magi, 145 Grazzini, Simone, 167 Great Schism, 137 Greek church of, 92, 171 knowledge of, 21, 24, 54 language of composition, 47 language of publication, 53 scholar of, 19, 45, 47, 58, 134 sources in libraries, 75, 166 sources used, 38, 137, , 169 translation from, 116, 180 Gregory XII, Pope, 48, 155 Gregory, Saint, 171 Griselli, Griso, 5, 22 Guadagni, Bernardo, 140 Guadagni, Vieri, Guarducci, Michele di Giovanni, 46 Guasconi, Biagio, 21, 44, 125, 141 Guasconi, Niccolò, 67, 179 Guasconi, Zenobi, 57, 141 Gubbio, 50, 156 Guelf, 101, 131 Party (Florentine government), 36, 67, 181 Guicciardini family branches with humanist interests, family antiquity, 168 status, 75 Guicciardini, Francesco di Piero, 27 28, 157, 166 Guicciardini, Giovanni di Francesco, Guicciardini, Giovanni di Luigi, 28 Guicciardini, Jacopo di Piero, 26 dedicatee, 27 diplomat, 100, 126, 165 learned connections, 27 learned father, 27 orator, 27 Guicciardini, Luigi, Guicciardini, Luigi di Piero, 26 27, 48 diplomat, 144, 165, 168, 170 letter recipient, 50 orator, 26 relations with Medici, 51 status, 159 Guicciardini, Piero di Jacopo, 67 dedicatee, 27 Exhortation to Justice, 27 learned connections, Guicciardini, Piero di Luigi, 38, 69 diplomat, 138, 140, 144 learned connections, 26 learned father, 26 letter writer, 26, 50 relations with Medici, 28 Guilds Judges and Notaries, 81, 109 Wine Merchants, 83 Wool, 82, 112 Hannibal, 43 Hawkwood, John, 73 Helen of Troy, 166 Holy Roman Emperor. See names of individual emperors Homer, 53 Horace, 70, 74, 145 humanism definition, 3, 9 humanist amateur, 4 7 among diplomats, , 118, , 135, , 157, , 167, 175 literary. See literary humanist professional, 4 7 social. See social humanist social variation among, 12, 16, varied strength of learned connections, Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester, 24 Hungary, 43 Hus, John, 136 Innocent VIII, Pope, 168, 175 audience for oration, 106, 153, host for diplomats, 168, 172, 182

8 290 Jenson, Nicholas, 53 Jerome, 132, 134, 145 John XXIII, Pope, 134 Josephus Judaic Wars, 78 Julius Caesar, 64, 67 Julius II, Pope, 162 Justin, 45, 61 Juvenal, 67 68, 75 Satires, 50 Kepler, Johannes, 182 knight as diplomat, 115 rank, 117 Ladislaus, King of Naples, 101 audience for oration, 97 98, host for diplomats, 30, 96 in diplomacy, 97 Landino, Cristoforo, 52, 59, 77, 115 dedication by, 52 Oration to Nicola Orsini (1485), 86 Poems, 52, 71 vernacular translator, 53 Lanfredini, Giovanni, 167 language as gift, 91 Latin in forming learned connections, 20 in humanist movement, 6 9, 64, 78, 178 knowledge of, 9 10, 21, 30, 42, 45 46, 48, 62, 65, 68, 72, 77, 86, 144, 153, 165, 180 language of oration/composition, 2 3, 10 11, 15, 26, 29, 31, 33 34, 42 45, 48, 50 53, 56 57, 60, 64 65, 67, 69, 73 74, 77 79, 85 86, 100, 107, 120, 139, 145, 147, 153, , 178, 180, 183 language of quotation, 21, 131 style, 2, 15, 47, 122, 138, , 169, 171, 174 translated text, 58, 65 66, 116, 180 Latini, Brunetto, 63, 69 lawyer, 115, 157 among diplomats, 115 political opportunities, 157 learned connection, 9, book borrowers, 71 education, 23 family, 25 29, humanist dialogues, Latin letters, 20 Latin writers, 71 learned discussions, literary humanists, 9 10, 42 neighborhoods, owners of texts, patronage, politics, scribes, social humanists, status, 35 39, 179 vernacular letters, vernacular translators, 65 vernacular writers, Leo X, Pope, 32, 53 library, contents of, learned connections, status of owners, 71 literacy, 8, 180, 182 literary humanist. See names of specific individuals defined, 9 12, 179 diplomatic careers of, , political careers of, status of, 10, 115, , 176, 181 Livorno, 138 Livy, 48, 57, 67 68, 73, 75 76, 130 Loschi, Antonio, 75 Commentaries on Cicero, 76 Lotteringhi family family antiquity, 68 status, 63, 68 Lotteringhi, Gianni, 68 Lotteringhi, Lotteringo, 68 Lotteringhi, Lotteringo di Luca, 63, 69 Lotteringhi, Monna Tessa, 68 Lotteringhi, Piero d Antonio, 69 Lotteringhi, Sandro, 63, Lotteringhi, Ugo, 69 Louis XI, King of France, 25, 90, 159, 170 Lucan, 68, 70 Lucca, 101, Lucian, 58 Lucretius, 47 Luna family relations with Medici, 49, 51 Luna, Francesco della, Overseer of the Ospedale, 49 Luna, Niccolò della, 26, 52, 72 dedicatee, 49, 55 dedication by, 50 Handbook of Golden Sayings and the Moral Life, 50 learned connections, social humanist, 26, 54, 56 Song in Praise of That Most Eminent Light of the Church Jerome, 50

9 291 Machiavelli, Girolamo, 56, 154 Machiavelli, Marietta, 59 Machiavelli, Niccolò, 28, 53, 59, 135, 141 First Decennale, 53 Magalotti, Filippo diplomat, 131, 135 Oration to King Ladislaus of Naples (1408), 96 98, orator, 99, Manetti, Agnolo, 114, 165 Manetti, Bernardo di Giannozzo, 22 Manetti, Giannozzo, 5 6, 45, 88, 145, 178 Consolatory Dialogue, 46 dedication by, 35 Dialogue at a Banquet, 22 diplomat, 93, 96, 110, 114, 117, 144, 147, 167 exile, 5, 39, 41, 43, 60, 80, 110, 167 Funerary Oration for Giannozzo Pandolfini (1457), hosts learned discussion, 19 letter recipient, 51 letter writer, 31, 43, 57 library of, literary humanist, 10, 13, 41 42, 56, 179 neighborhood, 33 Official of the Studio fiorentino, 55 On Secular and Pontifical Processions, 46 On the Dignity of Man, 35 Oration to King Alfonso at the Wedding of Ferrante (1445), 39 Oration to King Alfonso, On Observing the Peace (1451), 96 Oration to Pope Nicholas V (1447), 92 96, Oration to Sigismondo Malatesta (1453), 86 orator, 28, 85, , 144, , 170, 174, 178 political career, 107, relations with Medici, 35 status, 157 teacher, 34, writer, 8 Manetti, Giovanfrancesco, 22 Manetti, Marabottino di Tuccio, 146 Manfred, Emperor, 147 Manipulus florum (Bundle of Flowers), 137 Mannelli, Raimondo, 48, 141 Mantua, 101 Mario, Antonio di, 72 Marsili, Luigi, 25, 33, 41, 54 Marsuppini, Carlo, 45, 64, 73, 109, 126, 135, 145 borrows book, 47 chancellor of Florence, 7, 42, 102, diplomatic instructions by, family antiquity, 116 literary humanist, 10, 42 orator, 26, 85 papal secretary, 109 political career, 115 secretary, 109 teacher, 49, 71 tomb of, 42 writer, 42, 73 Marsuppini, Cornelio di Carlo, 109 Marsuppini, Cristofano di Carlo, 109 Martelli, Alessandro, 22 Martelli, Braccio, 153 Martelli, Domenico, 145 audience for oration, 81 diplomat, 144, 165, 172 Guild of Judges and Notaries, 81 learned connections, 45 Martelli, Niccolò, 166 Martelli, Pietro, 67 Martelli, Roberto, 145 Martial, 74 Martin V, Pope, 37, 136, 142 audience for oration, , 124, , 147, dedicatee, 162 diplomats from, 37, 136 Dominican, 136 host for diplomats, 18, 55, 112, , 153, 158, in diplomacy, 38, 161 in Florence, 162 letter recipient, 162 relations with Leonardo Bruni, 162 Martini, Nello diplomat, 141, 157, lawyer, 141, 156 orator, 147 political career, 156 status, 157 Massaccio, 138 Mauroceno, Andrea, 19 Mauss, Marcel, 17, Maximus, 137 Medici family, 154, 158, 173, 176 artists for, 73 bank, 18 19, 22 branches interested in humanism, 28 conspiracy against, 45 46, 56, 65, 154 family antiquity, 168 family status, 75, 79, 81, 84 in diplomacy, 158 loses power in 1494, 111 patrons, 79, 108

10 292 Medici family (cont.) regime, 20, 49, 82, 113, 155, , 182 relations with others, 20, 27, 34 36, 41 42, 44 45, 47, 49 53, 56, 62, 73, 135, , , 174 scribes of, 72 selection of diplomats, 155, 181 tutors of, 165 wealth of, 92 Medici, Antonio de, 167 Medici, Bernadetto de, 29, 144 commissary, 116 diplomat, 28, 39, 116, 144 neighborhood, 29 orator, 28 Medici, Bernardo d Alamanno, 145 Medici, Carlo di Nicola, 55, 78 Medici, Cosimo di Giovanni, 28, 35, 44, 57, 60, 62, 69, 80, , 154, 170 conspiracy against, 154 death of, 154 dedicatee, 42 diplomat, 114, 138, 141, 144 exile, 20, 24, 49, 57, 73 learned connections, learned father, 28 letter recipient, 45 literary humanist, 44, 77 neighborhood, 28, 68 orator, 118 patron, 24, 77, 116 political position, 155, 164 relations with others, 154 role in selecting diplomats, 154 scribes of, 72 status, 157 student, 54 Medici, Filippo de, 120 diplomat, 90, 165, 170 Oration to Pope Paul II (1464), 104, orator, 90, 119 relations with other Medici, 170 status, 104, 170 Medici, Giovanni di Bicci, 134 Medici, Giovanni di Cosimo, 28, 72 death of, 154 diplomat, 144, 148 Medici, Giuliano di Piero, 34, 154 Medici, Lorenzo di Giovanni, 44 diplomat, 141, 144 learned connections, 60 Medici, Lorenzo di Pierfrancesco, 166 Medici, Lorenzo di Piero (the Magnificent), 28, 53, 74, 81, , 159 conspiracy against, 34, 65 dedicatee, 42, 80 diplomat, 82, 114, 165, 172 family status, 81 gifts, 91 learned father, 53 letter recipient, 53, 153 literary humanist, 80 neighborhood, 29 patron, 42, 80 political career, 81 83, 151 political position, , 164 political relations, 34, 42, 52, 79, 80, 126, , 172 role in selecting diplomats, 151, Medici, Nicola de, 50 dedicatee, 50, 55 diplomat, 138 learned connections, 55 learned father, 78 social humanist, 56 Standard Bearer of Justice, Medici, Orlando de, 145 Medici, Pierfrancesco de, 61, 165, 168, 173 Medici, Piero di Cosimo, 154, 170 borrows book, 56 Certame Coronario, 49 conspiracy against, 45, 154, 159 dedicatee, 108 diplomat, 93, 114, 144, 147, 165 learned father, 28 library, 77 neighborhood, 28 Medici, Piero di Lorenzo, 53 Meglio, Giovan Matteo di, 63, 69 Meglio, Michele di, 63 Mehmed, Ottoman Emperor, 149 Michelozzi family status, 81 Michelozzi, Michelozzo, 81 Michelozzi, Niccolò, 79 diplomat, 82, 165, 182 in chancery, 71 learned connections, 81 letter writer, 74, 81 orator, 81 political career, 83 secretary, 81 Milan, 31, 140, 142 diplomats from, 89 host for diplomats, 47, 104, 112, 157, 159 in diplomacy, 37, 154,

11 293 selection of diplomats, 151, 155 status of diplomats to, 100, 142 Minerbetti, Piero, 166, 172 Minerbetti, Tommaso, 166 Minerva, 169 Montefeltro, Federico da, Duke of Urbino, 24, 87 Montepulciano, Bartolomeo da, 47 Moses, 169, 171 Naldi family status, 81 Naldi, Naldo, 83 borrows books, 71 dedication by, 53, 80 learned connections, status, 84 Naples, 57, 113 book trade in, 66 conquest of, 126 diplomats from, 89, host for diplomats, 27 28, 38, 96, 98, , 116, 138, , 160 host for exiles, 39 40, 43, 57, 60 in diplomacy, 34 35, 108, 116, 148, learned connections in, 27 status of diplomats to, 100, 160 Nasi, Piero, 167 Nazianus, Gregory of, 169 neighborhood, 13 book trade, 66 learned connections, 29 34, 55, 57 Neri, Nerozzo, 22 Nerli, Bernardo, 53 Nerli, Neri, 53 Nero family status, 81 Nero, Bernardo del, 166 Nero, Francesco del, 59 Nero, Piero del, 80 commissary, 82 dedicatee, 27, 80 learned connections, 80 library of, 81 political career, 82 Neroni, Dietisalvi, 27 bust of, 56 diplomat, 144, 165 exile, 27 learned connections, letter recipient, 43 library of, 56, orator, 56 relations with Medici, 154 social humanist, 27, 57, 179 status, 117 Neroni, Francesco, 45, 57, 165 network, 11, 12, 179 Niccoli family, family antiquity, 116 status, 37 Niccoli, Jacopo, 37, 160 Niccoli, Niccolò, 7, 19, 22, 37, 44, 47, 54, 135, 139 humanistic font, 61, 71 letter recipient, 18 library, 42, 57 literary humanist, 10, 13, 42 Official of the Studio fiorentino, 54 political career, , 114 scribes of, 72 at Vespasiano s book shop, Niccolini, Agnolo, 166, 173 Niccolini, Otto, 57 diplomat, 144, 148, 159, 165, 170 family antiquity, 156 lawyer, 156 learned connections, letter recipient, 62 orator, 118 will of, 62 Nicholas V, Pope, 72 audience for oration, 92 96, host for diplomats, 43, , 146, 167 in diplomacy, 92, 149 teacher, 60 Night Officers (Florentine government), 68, 110 Nobili family status, 68 Nobili, Antonio di Niccolò, 68 Nobili, Guccio di Niccolò, 68 Nobili, Mario di Niccolò, 68 Nobili, Niccolò di Guccio, 68, 138 Nobili, Paolo di Niccolò, 68 Nori, Mariotto, notary, 5, 78, 146, 168 Numa Pompilius, King of Rome, Nuti, Bernardo, 71, 74 translator, 71, 78 Ognisanti, 145 Old Market, 165 Ols, Andrea, 145 Opera del Duomo, 73, 78, 139 oratory cultural gift, 16, 17, , 122, , 143, 154, 183 domestic vs. diplomatic, humanist, introduction into diplomacy, humanist, spread,

12 294 oratory (cont.) in diplomacy, 89, 101, 111, 114, 116, , 129, , 153, , , 180 in politics, 110 in ritual, 84, 86, 88, 106 significance in humanist movement, 2, 14 16, 110 status of speaker, 110, , , 173, ubiquity of, written for others, , 182 Orsanmichele, 63 Orsini, Rinaldo, 159 Ospedale degli Innocenti, 48 Otto di Custodia (Florentine government), 20 21, 109, 110, 114 authority to send diplomats, 111 Otto di Guardia (Florentine government). See Otto di Custodia (Florentine government) Otto di Pratica (Florentine government), Ottoman Turks, 149, 159, 169, 171 Overseers of the Ospedale, 44, 49 Ovid, 67, 70, 75 Padua, 1, 50, 116, 140 Palaces Carducci, 32 Davanzati, 155 Medici, of the Podestà. See Bargello Pandolfini. See Palaces, Carducci Pazzi-Quaratesi, 34, 52 Rinuccini, 33 Signoria, della. See Palazzo Vecchio Strozzi, 40, 56 Palazzo Vecchio, 25, 37, 65 houses humanist oration/composition, 69, 87 Palencia, Alfonso de, 32 Palmieri family family antiquity, 157 Palmieri, Matteo, 52, 64, 75, 145, 165 dedication by, 55, 140 diplomat, 114, 144, , , 181 learned connections, 52 literary humanist, 26 neighborhood, 55 On Civic Life, 47, 55, 61, 64 On the Capture of the Pisans, 135 On the Times, 72 political career, 107, relations with Medici, 158 status, 159 Pandolfini family branches with humanist interests, 31 family antiquity, 34 neighborhood, 30, 33 relations with Medici, 34 Pandolfini, Agnolo di Filippo, 31 32, 141 diplomat, 30, 138, 140, 160 learned connections, 26, 31 neighborhood, 30, 33 34, 55 oratory, 130 Pandolfini, Alessandro di Carlo, 33 Pandolfini, Bartolomeo di Carlo, 33 Pandolfini, Carlo d Agnolo, 31, 33, 170 Pandolfini, Domenico di Carlo, 23, 33, 165 Pandolfini, Elisabetta (Pazzi), 34 Pandolfini, Ferrante di Pandolfo, 34 Pandolfini, Giannozzo d Agnolo, 31 33, 43 diplomat, 144, 148 learned father, 31 tomb of, 31 Pandolfini, Giuliano di Carlo, 33 Pandolfini, Jacopo di Giannozzo, 32 Pandolfini, Meglio di Carlo, 33 Pandolfini, Niccolò di Giannozzo, 32 Pandolfini, Pandolfo di Giannozzo, 23, 34, 57 diplomat, 126, 165 Exhortation to Justice, 31 learned connections, letter writer, 59 Pandolfini, Pierfilippo d Alessandro, 33 Pandolfini, Pierfilippo di Giannozzo, 23, 57 diplomat, 98, 104, 165 learned connections, 32 letter recipient, 74 letter writer, 34, 81 library, 31 orator, 126 relations with Medici, 34 Pandolfini, Priore di Giannozzo, 32, 34 Panormita, Antonio, 75 Panzano family neighborhood, 31 Panzano, Antonio da, 37 Panzano, Luca da, 37 Parenti, Marco, 23, 58 59, 146 learned connections, learned father, 28 letter writer, 40, 60 on status, 36, 67 social humanist, 7 Parenti, Piero di Marco, 28 Chronicle, 58, 65 translator, 58, 65 Parentucelli, Tommaso. See Nicholas V, Pope patrician. See also literary humanist; social humanist as a group, 12, 14, 16, 35, 66, 106

13 295 characteristics, 115 diplomats, 115 humanist education, humanist interests, 15 16, 84, 170, 180 importance of political offices, 95 mobility, 180 officeholders, 37 orators, 86 87, 105, 130 size of group, 64 variation among, 12, 37, 64 patriciate. See patrician patron. See names of specific individuals; patronage patronage importance in humanist movement, 4, 7 learned connections, 24 literary humanists, 10, Paul II, Pope, 170 audience for oration, 171 host for diplomats, 159, 168, 170 Pazzi Chapel, 145 Pazzi Conspiracy, 34 35, 65, 154, 173 Pazzi family family antiquity, 168 relations with Anjou, 34 relations with Medici, 34 status, 81 Pazzi, Andrea de, 145 Pazzi, Antonio de, 146 Pazzi, Piero de, 34, 145 dedicatee, 58 diplomat, 144, 165, 168 learned connections, neighborhood, 34 social humanist, 7 Pazzi, Renato di Piero, 34, 80 learned connections, 81 letter recipient, 34 neighborhood, 81 political career, 83 relations with Medici, 34 Pelli, Alesso, 146 Perugia, 102, , 140, 158 Peruzzi family neighborhood, 31, 36 Peruzzi, Ridolfo, 51, 135, Petrarch, Francesco, 1, 9, 22, 32, 64, 130 in libraries, 75 quoted by orator/writer, 77, 132, 137 The Triumphs, 61 Piazza della Repubblica, 29 Piazza della Signoria, 87 Piazza di San Martino, 63 Piccinino, Jacopo, 89, 100 Piccolomini, Aeneas. See Pius II, Pope Pierozzi, Antonio diplomat, 148, 165, 168, 174 Oration to Pope Callixtus III (1455), Oration to Pope Pius II (1458), 104, orator, 104, 144, 170 selection as diplomat, 168 status, 168, 170, 174 Pieruzzi, Filippo di Ugolino, 32, 86 exile, 49 in chancery, 77 neighborhood, 31 on honor tied to Latin, 86 Overseer of the Ospedale, 49 relations with Medici, 49 Pisa, 56, 141 conquest of, 133, 135, 161 Pistoia, Marco of, 56 Pistoia, Sozomeno of, 47 Chronicle, 72 Pitti, Buonaccorso (the elder), 62, 134 diplomat and commissary, 138 Pitti, Buonaccorso (the younger), 170 Pitti, Giovannozzo, 93, 116, 144, 147 Pitti, Luca, 35 Pius II, Pope, 155, 168 audience for oration, Commentaries, 90 orator, 85 secretary, 85 Platina, Bartolomeo, 31 Plato, 63, 80, 110 in libraries, 166 quoted by orator/writer, 28, 31, 163 translation of, 3, 24 Plato (pseudo) Epistles, 19 Plautus, 56 57, 75 Pliny (the elder), 73, 77 Natural History, 53, 61 Pliny (the younger) Letters, 74 Plotinus, 27 Plutarch, 73, 149 Life of Artaxerxes, 24 Life of Flaminius, 54 Life of Themistocles, 24 Poliziano, Angelo, 115, 165, 173 lectures, 166 letter recipient, 153 orator, 182 Pleasant Tales (I detti piacevoli), 32 student, 69 teacher, 67 Pontano, Giovanni, 57

14 296 pope audience for oration, 101, 131, 163 diplomatic destination, 112 host for diplomats, 101, 131, 157 papal diplomats, 155 status of diplomats to, 100, 142, 160 Popoleschi family family antiquity, 115, 156 Popoleschi, Bartolomeo, 133, 135 Porcari, Stefano, 28 Portinari, Pigello, 22 pratica (Florentine government), 37, 87, 146 classical quotation in, 45, 61, 69, 130 domestic speeches, 181 record of, 71 role in selecting diplomats, 116 types of orations, 56 use of history in, 139 Prato, Bartolomeo di Ghabriello da, 70 Prato, Giovanni Acquettini da, 141 Priors (Florentine government), 67, 69, 71, , 157, 173 literary humanists on, 82, mark of status, 35 selection of, 116 social humanists on, 69, 73, Priscian, 75, 79 Prosperus, 36, 70 Prudentius, 70 Ptolemy, 51, 73 Pucci, Antonio, 166 Pucci, Antonio d Antonio, 166 Pucci, Bartolomeo, 167 Pucci, Puccio, 146 Pucci, Puccio d Antonio, 166 Pulci, Luigi, 75 pupilli library contents of, Quaratesi family, 52 neighborhood, 52 Quaratesi, Andrea (the elder), 52 Quaratesi, Andrea (the younger), 52 Quaratesi, Giuliano, 52 Quintilian, 61 Institutes of Oratory, 63 Quintius Curtius, 18 History of Alexander the Great, 19 Rapallo, battle of, 48 Raphael, 9 reading importance in humanist movement, 7, 17, 79 Redditi, Filippo, 153, 175 revisionist historiography, Ricasoli family neighborhood, 31 Ricasoli, Galeotto, 31, 139 Ricasoli, Pier Giovanni, 167 Ricavo, Antonio da, 166 Riccardi family status, 68 Riccardi, Bartolomea (Bonciani), 68 Riccardi, Jacopo, 68 Ricci family status, 67 Ricci, Piero di Bartolomeo (Crinito), On Honest Instruction, 67 On Latin Poets, 67 Ridolfi family, 74 neighborhood, 65 Ridolfi, Antonio di Lorenzo, 28, 67 diplomat, 74, 144, 148, 165 social humanist, 179 translator, 65 Ridolfi, Cornelia (Salviati), 53 Ridolfi, Giovanbattista, 54 learned connections, Ridolfi, Giuliano, 144, 165 Ridolfi, Lorenzo, 134 diplomat, , 133, 135, 141, 144, 160 learned father, 28 orator, , 135 social humanist, 134 Treatise on Usury, 134 Ridolfi, Tommaso, 74, 165 Rieti, Jacopo da, 136, 158 Ringadori, Tommaso, 22 ringhiera, 87 Rinuccini family neighborhood, 33 political fortunes, 109 status, 79, 81 Rinuccini, Alamanno, 23, 33, 58 59, 79, 157 diplomat, 82, 114, 165 letter recipient, 59, 144 letter writer, 31 32, 54, 60, 69 library, 77 literary humanist, 58 neighborhood, 33 Oration for Pierfilippo Pandolfini to King Ferrante (1477), political career, 82 relations with Medici, 52, 80, 126 status, 80, 157 student, 77 translator, 77 writer, 32, 77, 79 80, 126

15 297 Rinuccini, Cino, 109, 115, 129 Rinuccini, Filippo, 136 ritual, 25, 83 84, 111, 175, 183 ambiguity in, cultural gift in. See cultural gift domestic. See oratory, domestic vs. diplomatic gifts in, 17, 89 humanism in, 4, 16, 83 84, 110, 127, 129, , , , 183 in diplomacy, 16 17, 25, 105, , 113, 121, 129, 143, 167, 175, 181 material gifts in, 90 oratory in, , 129, 175 princely, status in, Robbia, Luca della, 70 Romagna, 37, 119, Rome, 32, 48, 61, 119, 125, 149, 158 conquest of, 96, 131 host for diplomats, 19, 37 38, 60, 85, 92 96, 100, 113, 119, , 174 host for exiles, 43 learned connections in, Rondinelli, Michele, 22 Rosselli, Rossello, 141 Rossellino, Bernardo, 31, 145 Tomb of Neri Capponi, 140 Rossi family magnates, 108 Rossi, Roberto, 11, 55 56, 62, 114 dedicatee, 54 family antiquity, 116 hosts learned discussion, 22 letter writer, 60 orator, 130 political career, students of, teacher, 21, 64 translator, 54 writer, 69 Rucellai family family antiquity, 168 Rucellai, Bernardo, 60, 67, 114, 153, 165 Rucellai, Guglielmo, 168 Rustici, Cencio, 47 Rustici, Marco di Bartolommeo, 64 Account of the Journey to the Holy Sepulchre, 64 Sacchetti, Franco, 26 borrows book, 56 diplomat, 117, 145, 165 host for learned discussions, 23, 33, 43, 59, 145, 181 Sallust, 28, 61, 67 68, 69, 130, 133 War against Catiline, 28 Salutati, Antonio di Coluccio, 145 Salutati, Coluccio, 22, 54, 62, 64, 88, 145 chancellor of Florence, 51, 108, 112 family antiquity, 116 letter recipient, 131 letter writer, 26, 183 literary humanist, 13, 41, 134 neighborhood, 33 origins of Florence, 64 political career, , 115 Salutati, Leonardo di Coluccio, 145 Salviati, Alamanno, 53, 144 Salviati, Jacopo (the elder) diplomat, 97 98, 133, 135 on oratory, 97 98, 131 Salviati, Jacopo (the younger) learned connections, 53 letter recipient, 53, 153 San Antonino. See Pierozzi, Antonio San Gimignano, 115, 156 San Gimignano, Niccolò di, 145 San Giovanni quarter, 70 San Lorenzo Chapter, 112 San Marco, 77 library, 57 San Martino, 141 San Martino a Gangalandi, 30 San Pancrazio, 68 Santa Croce, 42, 65, 145 quarter, 33, 36 Santa Maria degli Angeli, 41 Santa Maria del Fiore, 46, 73, 112 Santa Maria Novella, 61, 67, 85, 136 quarter, 70 Santa Trinità, 78 Santo Spirito, 54 quarter, 70, 156 Savonarola, Girolamo, 53, 75, 166 Savoy, 161 Scaevola, 171 Scala, Bartolomeo, 43, 153, chancellor of Florence, 42, 71, 108, 165, 173 diplomat, 114, 115, 165, 168, , 182 History of Florence, 173 knight, 153, 175 lawyer, 173 letter writer, 27, 62, 166, 167 Oration to Costanza Sforza (1481), 86 Oration to Frederico da Montefeltro (1472), 87 Oration to Pope Innocent VIII (1484), 61, orator, 105, 153, political career, 173

16 298 Scala, Bartolomeo (cont.) relations with Medici, 61, 173 senator of Rome, 175 status, 84, 126, , 164, 174 writes orations for others, 126 Scarperia, Jacopo da, 55, 115 Scipio Africanus, 43 scribes as humanists, 45 46, 71 74, Sea Councils (Florentine government), secretary, 120 learned connections, 71 literary humanists as, 108, 120, 181 of diplomats, 5, 22, 74 private vs. public, 108 status of, 110, 120, 181 Seneca, 73 in libraries, 67 68, 70, 75 quoted by orator/writer, 31, 130, 132, 137 Seravezza, 141 Sermini, Piero, 22, 54 chancellor of Florence, 22 chancellor of the Guelf Party, 22 Serristori, Carlo d Antonio di Silvestro, 23, 58 Servius, 45, 74 Severus, Alexander, 169 Seville, Isidore of Etymologies, 149 Sforza, Francesco, Duke of Milan, 103, 155 host for diplomats, 46, 102 in diplomacy, selection of diplomats, 155 Siciliano, Luca di Guido, 45 Siena, , 118, 120, 134, 140, 143 Siena, Bernardino da, 88 Sigismondo, Emperor, 125, 161 Signa, 30 Signoria (Florentine government), 18 19, 30, 37, 68, 85, 96, , 116, 131, 156, 162, 174, 177 audience for oration, 87, 96, 105, 125 audience for rituals, 87 authority to send diplomats, 112 chapel of, 25 family antiquity and, 156 honor of, hosts diplomats, 87 letter recipient, 99 oratory, 87, 105, 123, 125 records of, 106, , 125 role in selecting diplomats, social humanists on, 28, 38, 83 Sixteen Standard Bearers (Florentine government), 69, 71, 87, 109, 177 literary humanists on, 110 selection of, 116 social humanists on, 28, 82 Sixtus IV, Pope, 114 audience for oration, 65 host for diplomats, 153, 168 in diplomacy, 159, 173 social humanist, 16. See also names of specific individuals defined, 9 12, 179 diplomatic careers of, 120 impact of, 176, 184 number of, 180, 183 status, 4, 10, , 127 women among, 182 Socrates, 137 Soderini, Francesco (the elder), Soderini, Francesco (the younger), 118, 139, 173 orator, 166, 173 Soderini, Giovan Vittorio, 53 Soderini, Paolo, 166 Soderini, Piero, 27, 53, 77 Soderini, Tommaso, 165, 170 Solomon, 149 Spano, Pippo, 32 Spini, Agnolo, 120 Spini, Cristofano, Standard Bearer of Justice (Florentine government), 37, 53, 116, 158 knowledge of Latin, 86 mark of status, 48, 82, 110, 173 selection of, 116 Statius, 36, 68, 75 Silvae, 47 status. See also names of specific individuals and families among humanists. See humanist Burckhardt on, 107, 110 defined, 66, 89, 117 domestic vs. diplomatic oratory. See oratory, domestic vs. diplomatic impact of humanism on, 2, 15, 35 39, 84, 106, 120, 129, , , , , 183 in diplomatic ritual, 89 91, 104, 106, 143 in diplomats, , 143, 155, 182 literary humanists. See literary humanist social humanists. See social humanist Stia, Giovanni da, Strozzi family, 40, 50, 73 branches interested in humanism, 28 neighborhood, 33 political fortunes, 73 relations with Medici, 35, status, 73

17 299 students of Manetti, Strozzi, Alessandra (Bardi), 50 Strozzi, Alessandra (Macinghi), 40, 46, 59, 73 Strozzi, Antonia (Baroncelli), 146 Strozzi, Antonio di Benedetto, 73 Strozzi, Bartolomeo di Palla, 28, 50 Strozzi, Benedetto di Caroccio, 73 Strozzi, Benedetto di Pieraccione, 35, 46, 50, 73 copies book, 26 learned connections, 44 learned father, 28, 72 letter writer, 44 library, 44 Strozzi, Filippo di Matteo, 28, 46, 73 chapel of, 61 exile, 67 learned connections, letter recipient, 60 status, 36, 73 Strozzi, Francesco di Benedetto di Caroccio, 73 Strozzi, Francesco di Benedetto di Pieraccione, 73 Strozzi, Giovanfrancesco, 50 Strozzi, Girolamo, 53 Strozzi, Jacopo, 73 Strozzi, Leonardo, 38 Strozzi, Lorenzo di Filippo, 61 Strozzi, Lorenzo di Matteo, 146 Strozzi, Lorenzo di Palla, 28, 50 diplomat, 141 exile, 50 learned connections, 50 Strozzi, Marcello, 35, 47 diplomat, 135, 140, 144 learned connections, 48 relations with Medici, 73 Strozzi, Matteo, 20, 26, 35, 43, 49 50, 52, 146, 178 diplomat, 138, 141 exile, 35, 40, learned connections, 40, learned father, 28 letter recipient, 26, 49 50, 72, 166 library, 44 neighborhood, 29 Overseer of the Ospedale, 44 social humanist, 41, 54, 56, 179 Strozzi, Nofri di Palla, 28, exile, 50 Strozzi, Pagholo di Benedetto, 73 Strozzi, Palla di Nofri, 7, 35, 46, 50 51, 56, 141 death of, 50 diplomat, 114, 116, 138, exile, 35, 116 learned father, 28, 50 letter writer, 58 literary humanist, 10, 42, 140 orator, , 125 origins of Florence, 123 relations with Medici, 28 status, 157 translator, 116 Strozzi, Palla di Palla. See Strozzi, Palla Novello Strozzi, Palla Novello, 57 diplomat, 138, 141 learned connections, 56 letter writer, 56 orator, 56 relations with Medici, 73 Strozzi, Piero di Benedetto, 28, Strozzi, Salamone, Strozzi, Zanobi di Benedetto, 28, 73 studia humanitatis, 2 3, 9, 62, 71, 144 Studio fiorentino, 9, 36, 57, 69, 71, 144 Officials of (Florentine government), 54 Stufa, Angelo della, 146, 172 Suetonius, 18, 68 The Twelve Caesars, 19 Sulla, 64 Tacitus, 73 Tanagli family status, 67 Tanagli, Guglielmo di Francesco, 61, 67, 144 Tanagli, Matteo di Bartolomeo, 67 Teci family status, 70 Teci, Piero, 70 Tedaldi, Bartolo, Terence, 18, 20, 68, 70 Theodosius, Emperor, 169 Tino family status, 70 Tino, Andrea di Tommaso di Bartolo di ser, 70 Tino, Lionardo di Tommaso di Bartolo di ser, 70 Tino, Tommaso di Bartolo di ser, 70 Tornabuoni family family antiquity, 115 Tornabuoni, Francesco diplomat, 18 19, 37, 112, 156 learned connections, 19 Tornabuoni, Giovanni, 173 Tornaquinci family magnates, 115 Tortelli, Giovanni, 75 Grammar Commentaries, 76 Toscanella, 139 Tours, 90

18 300 translation audience for, 183 importance in humanist movement, 4, 7, 9, 180 learned connections, patronage, social humanists, 10, 65 Traversari, Ambrogio family antiquity, 116 letter writer, 45 46, 48 literary humanist, 41 political career, 115 translator, 69, 72 tre maggiori (Florentine government), 68, 75, 108, 178 importance in determining status, 115 literary humanists on, 109 selection of, 116 social humanists on, 82 Trebizond, George of, 75 Books of Rhetoric, 76 Trismegistus, Hermes, 24 Pimander, 165 Twelve Good Men (Florentine government), 69, 71 literary humanists on, 82, selection of, 116 social humanists on, Uberti, Farinata degli, 32 Uccello, Paolo, 73, 139 Umbria, 156 Urban V, Pope, Urbino, 24 Uzzano, Niccolò da, 134 bust of, 61 diplomat, 133 learned connections, 61 political verses of, 134 social humanist, 141 status, 134, 156 Valerius Flaccus, 47, 72 Valerius Maximus, 63, 66, 68 70, 75 Valla, Lorenzo, 75 On the Elegance of the Latin Language, 76 Valori, Bartolomeo di Niccolò Taldo, 62, orator, 135 Varchi, Benedetto, 77 Varro, 72 Vecchietti family family antiquity, 115, 156 Vecchietti, Marsilio, 133, 135 Vegio, Maffeo, 74 On the Meaning of Words, 74 Venice, 22, 79, 142, 161 diplomats from, host for diplomats, 5, 117, 139, 160 humanists in, 7 in diplomacy, 37 38, 94 95, 117, , 161 increase in diplomats to, 142 learned discussion in, 5, 19, 22 place of printing, 53 status of diplomats to, 100, 142 Vespasiano da Bisticci on, 94 Vergerio, Paolo, 75 Vergil, 20, 73 74, 124 Aeneid, 20, 57, 61, 74 Ecologues, 52, 74, 124 Georgics, 74 in libraries, 19, 68, 70, 75 quoted by orator/writer, 124, 132 Verino family status, 81 Verino, Michele, 67 Verino, Ugolino, 53, 69, 80, 83 dedicatee, 80 letter writer, 67 notary, 83 secretary, 83 vernacular in forming learned connections, in humanist movement, 7 8, 10, 15, 22, 41, 58, 64 65, 78 language of diplomatic negotiations, 100 language of oration/composition, 10 11, 44, 48, 49, 52, 58, 64, 73, 100, 107, 123, 131, , 141, 146, 178, 180 miscellany manuscript, 28 style, 122, 133 translated text, 48, 61, 65, 67 68, 76 78, 145, 180 Verocchio, Andrea del, 166 Veronese, Guarino, 45, 54 Verrazzano family status, 79 Verrazzano, Alessandro da, 78 Verrazzano, Andrea da, 78 Verrazzano, Lodovico da, 146 Vespucci family status, 79 Vespucci, Amerigo, 77 Vespucci, Giorgio Antonio, 77 Vespucci, Guidantonio, 166, 173 Via Cavour, 29 Via dei Pandolfini, 30, 32 Via del Proconsolo, 29 30, 32, 58 Via Ghibellina, 30 Villani, Giovanni, 63 64, 69 Vinaccesi family status, 70

19 301 Vinaccesi, Bartolomeo di Filippo, 70 Vinaccesi, Filippo di Niccoluccio, 70 Vinaccesi, Niccolò di Filippo, 71 Vinaccesi, Niccoluccio di Filippo, 71 Vinaccesi, Pellegrino, 70 Vinci, Leonardo da, 168 Virgilio, Marcello, 86 Visconti, Filippo Maria, 122, 161 Visconti, Giangaleazzo, 26, 140, 183 Vitruvius, 137 Xandra, 52 Xenophon, 47, 73 Cyropedia, 65