Introduction to the Muslim World What is Islam?

Transcription

1 Introduction to the Muslim World What is Islam? Muslims (Moslims) believe that all biblical prophets from Abraham to Jesus were prophets with Mohamed being the last and greatest. means peace or submission to God There are two main sects of Islam: and There is also a third mystical sect: When and When did it start? Mohamed was born in 570 AD in (Saudi Arabia) Before his time, Arabs were tribal and there was constant fighting/war; Arabs also believed in one god,, with many god and goddess children (360 dieties) At the age of 40, during the month of, Mohamed had a revelation from the angel, Gabriel, that he was to be a messenger for the one true god He began to preach About Mohammed: Full name was Muhammad ibn Abdullah Born 570, Died 632 AD Born in Raised by an uncle Shepherd and merchant Mohammed s first wife was ; they were married for 25 years Mohamed had marriages after that; 12 of them. The youngest wife,, was the favorite Mohammed was tired of Arab society fighting, greed. Retire to mountain caves to pray Began having visions of the telling him to be a messenger for God The Holy Books of Islam: The is the Muslim holy book; it is a compilation of the revelations given to Mohammed by the angel Gabriel The or are also holy; they are compilations of Mohammed s sayings and his traditions believe that (Mohmmed s youngest wife) was instrumental in compiling the The Holy Books of Islam: The key themes of the early Qur'anic verses included: the responsibility of man towards his creator; the resurrection of dead, God's final judgment followed by vivid descriptions of the tortures in hell and pleasures in Paradise; and the signs of God in all aspects of life. 1

2 Religious duties required of the believers at this time were few: Belief in God asking for forgiveness of sins, offering frequent prayers, assisting others in need, rejecting cheating and the love of wealth being chaste; not to kill newborn girls. The 5 Pillars of Islam: (1) (creed) A saying affirming belief in God and Mohammed as his messenger (most often heard during the call to prayer) There is no other god but God and Muhammad is the messenger of God." (2) (prayers) daily prayers: performed at dawn, noon, afternoon, sunset and evening Each prayer consists of 2,3 or 4 (recitations) All prayers are recited while facing the (Kabbah) in Mecca. Muslims must themselves before prayer. The 5 Pillars of Islam: (3) (fasting during Ramadan) From during the month of No food or drink Exceptions for health problems and children under 11 years old (4) (almsgiving/tithing) Required to of one s wealth to benefit the needy Four principles of Zakat: Declare intention to give to God; must be paid on the day due; payment must be in-kind ; must be distributed in the community from which it was collected (5) (the pilgrimage to Mecca) To be performed at least in a lifetime if able and can afford Requires wearing special white clothing, walking seven times around the, touching the, etc. Must be performed during the : the 8 th -12 th day in the 12 th month of the Muslim calendar Muslim Holidays: Calendar is, therefore holidays change dates Calendar is based on 355 day year Begins at of the year, as viewed in Saudi Arabia 9 th month; Celebrates the Qu ran being prepared for Mohammed s revelations Fasting from Sunrise to Sunset Three day holiday marking the of Ramadan Breaks the fast Four day holiday the month of 2

3 The Main Differences between Sunnis and Shiites: Sunnis believe that, father of Mohammed s favorite wife was the true successor to the prophet Shiites believe that, son-in-law of the Prophet (and appointed by the prophet before his death) was the true successor Shiites are the and often persecuted by Sunnis What exactly is jihad? A noun translated as or striving in the way of God Refers to three different types of struggle Internal struggle to Struggle to Struggle to Appears 41 times in the Qur an Muslim scholars reject the western translation of holy war Beliefs of Islam that sometimes conflict with the Western World: Muslims must stop everything to face west and pray times a day. Islam preaches that any man dying for Allah will be ensured a Dying for Islam is or any pork product is unclean a woman outside your own family Being associated with is unclean Drawing a of a living thing, created by God is a sin is the holy day What is Sharia Law? Sharia laws come from the set out in the Koran, and the from the Prophet s life in the Sunnah Sharia gives on dealing with crime, politics, economics, sexuality, hygiene, diet, prayer, dress, fasting Imams can issue edicts interpreting the law. After Westergaard s cartoon, a qadis was issued for his death. After the discovery of porcine geletin in vaccines, a qadis was issued against their use The and Iran are examples of implementing Sharia law 3

4 Match the terms below with their definitions. Introduction to the Muslim World Vocabulary.1 oasis.2 nomad.3 tribe.4 idol.5 bazaar.6 pilgrimage.7 Koran.8 monotheism.9 Islam.10 Muslim.11 Mosque.12 Sunna.13 caliph.14 council.15 Shiite.16 Sunni.17 Muhammad.18 Allah.19 muezzin.20 Kaaba.21 Hegira a. A member of a group that has no fixed home and moves from place to place b. An open-air market with shops and goods for sale c. A religion based on the teachings of the prophet Muhammad d. An assembly called to help determine the next Muslim caliph e. Square building in Mecca believed by Muslims to be the house Ibrahim erected for God and the focus of Muslim worship f. A small area in the desert watered by springs and wells g. An image used as an object of worship h. The belief that there is only one God i. The civil and religious ruler of a Muslim state j. One that calls Muslim worshippers to prayer k. Muhammad's emigration with his followers from Mecca to Medina in 622. l. Any system of social organization made up of villages, bands, or other groups with a common ancestry, language, culture, and name m. A journey to a sacred place or shrine n. The sacred book of Islam o. A believer in Islam p. Customary procedures of living, specifically the ways and customs of Muhammad q. A place of Muslim worship r. Founder of Islam, prophet of God s. One who follows the way s and customs of Muhammad, specifically those who accept that authority was passed down through consensus of the Muslim community t. From the Arabic "party;" one who believes that authority passed from the Prophet Muhammad to his lineal descendants u. Arabic word for God 4

5 Islam: Empire of Faith Video (PBS) 5

6 Insert pg. 16 of study packet 6

7 History of Afghanistan Lecture 1. What is the main religion in Afghanistan? 2. How did Ghengis Khan change the landscape of Afghanistan forever? 3.What is the Afghan landscape like? 4. What is Kite Running? 5. What is Buzkashi? 6. What does the Afghani vocabulary tell you about the culture? 7. What countries got land annexed for the creation of Pakistan? 8. What is Hazarajat? 9. Which ethnic group controls most of the land in Afghanistan? 10. Who is Daoud Khan and what kind of government does he run? 11. Which country aids Khan s government? 12. Who are the Mujahideen? And who secretly supplied them for their war with Russia? 13. Which group grew out of the Mujahideen and took control of Afghanistan? 14. What is Afghanistan like today? 7

8 Ethnic Groups of Afghanistan Pashtuns Tajiks Hazaras Uzbeks Kyrgyz 8

9 Racial Prejudice The Kite Runner Themes, Symbols & Motifs Treatment of Women Standing Up for what is Right (Courage) The Search for Redemption Friendship Guilt Honor/Pride Influence of the Past/ Past is Inescapable The Intersection of Political Events and Private Lives Kites Lambs Rape Tension between father and son Living in two worlds/life as an immigrant 9

10 The Kite Runner Test Prep/Chapter Questions Ch PLOT Summarize the events of these chapters. 2.SETTING During what two time periods do these chapter take place? 3. CHARACTERIZATION Describe Baba. Give page and paragraph numbers of quotes to support your ideas. 4. CHARACTERIZATION Describe Amir. Give page and paragraph numbers of quotes to support your ideas. 5. CHARACTERIZATION Describe Hassan. Give page and paragraph numbers of quotes to support your ideas. 6. CHARACTERIZATION Describe Ali. Give page and paragraph numbers of quotes to support your ideas. 7.CHARACTERIZATION Describe Sanaubar. 10

11 8. THEME (father son relationship) Give three page and paragraph numbers of quotes that show tension in the relationship between Baba and Amir. 8. SETTING Describe the lifestyle of Baba and Amir. 9. MOTIF (racism) Describe the racism seen in these chapters. 10. CONFLICT What conflicts are you seeing that exist or are forming? 11. THEME(honor) What does Baba believe is the only sin? ACTIVITY: QUOTE FINDING Find quotes for the topic assigned to your group. Be prepared to share your findings with the class. Setting: Honor: Guilt: Friendship: Courage: 11

12 Tension b/t father & son Racism Ch MOTIF(racism) What does it mean to be a Pashtun? A Hazara? 2. CHARACTERIZATION Describe Assef. Give page and paragraph numbers of quotes to support your ideas. 3. CHARACTERIZATION Describe Rahim Khan. Give page and paragraph number of quotes to support your ideas. 4. THEME(tension between father/son) What is contributing to the jealousy of Hassan, felt by Amir? 5. CONFLICT What conflicts do you see developing in these chapters? 6. CHARACTERIZATION What is a harelip? What does Baba s gift tell you about his character? 7. LITERARY DEVICE (irony) Why does Amir think Hassan s new smile is ironic? 12

13 ACTIVITY: CHARACTERIZATION CHART Definition: Characterization is the method an author uses to acquaint the reader with the characters. Authors typically reveal the personality traits of their characters in the following ways: Methods of character Narrator s statements- descriptions of the character s physical traits and personality (telling) Character s own actions what the character does (showing) Character s own speech & thoughts what the character says (showing) Other characters actions & reactions to the character (showing) Other characters speech about or in response to the character (showing) Trait Evidence from Text Page # Explanation of evidence (this shows ) Method of Characterization Character s Name: Amir Trait Evidence from Text Page # Character s Name: Hassan Explanation of evidence (this shows ) Method of Characterization 13

14 Trait Evidence from Text Page # Explanation of evidence (this shows ) Method of Characterization Character s Name: Baba Trait Evidence from Text Page # Character s Name: Ali Explanation of evidence (this shows ) Method of Characterization 14

15 Ch MOTIF (rape)/plot What happens to Hassan in the alley? Why does Amir feel guilty about this? 2. MOTIF (the lamb) There are several mentions of a lamb in Ch. 7, what is symbolic about the lamb/hassan? 3. THEME (guilt) Give examples of Amir s guilt. 4. THEME (friendship) What has Amir learned about friendship from Hassan? 5. THEME (guilt/influence of past)why do you think Amir s guilt turns to anger? Give examples. 6. THEME (redemption/friendship)/characterization What is Baba s reaction to Ali and Hassan s leaving? Why do you think this is? Ch PLOT Where are Amir and Baba headed? What historical events does this coincide with? 2. PLOT What are the major plot elements of these chapters? 3. THEME (politics and private lives) What hardships do the refugees endure? 15

16 4. THEME (two worlds) What are some examples of the indignities/ troubles faced by immigrants in these chapters? Connect some of your ideas to the things you observed in the STAR Power game. 5. THEME (guilt/influence of past) What are examples in this chapters that Amir still carries his guilt about Hassan? How is it influencing his life? 6. MOTIF What are some examples of how women are treated in Afghan society? 7. CHARACTERIZATION Compare and contrast Amir and Soraya. 8. THEME (honor/pride) What are examples of this in these chapters. How do Afghans feel about these things? 9. THEME (tension in father/son relationship) How is the relationship between Amir and Baba changing? ACTIVITY: ISLAMIC AND AFGHAN MUSIC Listen to the following songs and music videos and reflect on the following questions. Eid Song by Sami Yusuf; from the Singles album Let us rejoice indeed For this is the day of Eid CHORUS La ilaha illallah Muhammad rasulallah La ilaha illallah Muhammad rasulallah Alayhi salatuallah Alayhi salatuallah Children are wearing new clothes Bright colours fill the streets Their faces full of laughter Their pockets full of sweets Let us rejoice indeed For this is the day of Eid CHORUS Mosques are full of worshippers in rows straight and neat Their Lord they remember, His name they repeat Their hands are raised to the sky They supplicate and plead 16

17 On this blessed day Forgive us they entreat Let us rejoice indeed For this is the day of Eid CHORUS People are giving charity And helping those in need In giving they re competing Today there is no greed Let us rejoice indeed For this is the day of Eid CHORUS Enemies embracing each other All hatred is buried Everyone is celebrating Greeting everyone they meet Let us rejoice indeed For this is the day of Eid Who is the Loved One? by Sami Yusuf on the Al- Mu allin album Who is the Loved One? Allah Who is Ar-Rahman? Allah Who is al-mannan? CHORUS La ilaha illa Allah Muhammadun Rasulu Allah, Muhammad is the Messenger To Allah is our return La illaha illa Allah Muhammadun Rasulu Allah (2) Allah; Allah; Allahu Akbar (2) All praise is due to The One and the Only Music Questions He is the Master Of all creation (2) Heâ s the Sustainer And the Maintainer Of the whole universe CHORUS He gave us life He gave us light (2) He sent to guide us Rasula Allah Allah Rahmanun Jabbarun Mannanun Tawwabun Karim Allah Ghafurun Raufun Saburun Shakurun Halim [Some of the names of Allah] Who is the Loved One? Allah Who is al Basir? Allah Who is al Khabir? CHORUS Any one who fails To see all the signs Of His existence That He has spread around Will be completely blind Walking in the desert sands Having no peace of mindwho is the Loved One? Allah Who is al-majid? Allah Who is al-hamid? CHORUS 1. What do the tabla music videos tell you about Afghan culture? 2. What do the Farida Mushasha songs tell you about Afghan culture? 3. What do the Sami Yusuf pop songs tell you about Islamic culture? 17

18 Ch CHARACTERIZATION Compare and contrast General Taheri and Baba. 2. THEME (tension b/t father & son) How is the relationship between Baba and Amir evolving? How did it end? 3. PLOT what are the major plot elements since they arrived in America? 4. THEME (guilt/influence of past) How is guilt continuing to influence Amir? 5. MOTIF What observations do you have about the treatment of women? Examples? 6. THEME (honor/pride) What examples of Afghan nang and namoos do you see in this chapter? 18