MARTINUS NI]HOFF - PUBLISHER - THE HAGUE. Edited with an introduction JOHN R. DUNBAR

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1 MARTINUS NI]HOFF - PUBLISHER - THE HAGUE Just out: THE PAXTON PAPERS Edited with an introduction by JOHN R. DUNBAR This book presents the reader an interesting view of an important phenomenon that has continually re-occured in American history - the repeated quarrel between the urban and commercial east and the rural and agricultural west. The Paxton papers, printed in Philadelphia in 1764, demonstrate how deep seated the differences were. The rebellion on account of which the papers were published, was not only the direct result of ten years of Indian wars, but gives also expression to the tensions, caused by different interests, racial stock and religious background. One of the most important differences arose from the fact that there was no equal representation in the assembly. The repeated petitions from the west demanding an increase in the legislative membership from that region were ignored. The major longstanding sectional friction arose over frontier defense. In Pennsylvania, as in most American colonies, the west demanded a strong defense and an active protection of the frontier settlements. The assembly under the control of eastern men of property, was interested in an increasing Indian trade. To the one the Indians were both producer and consumer, to the other they were savage murderers standing in the way of westward advance. The west had no recourse for protection but to the Quaker controlled assembly. All these troubles together caused the Paxton outburst. On Dec. 14, 1763 a band offrontiersmen rode into Conestoga Manor near the town of Paxton and murdered six Indians, who were living

2 MARTINUS NIJHOFF - PUBLISHER - THE HAGUE under the protection of the colonial government. Two weeks later the Paxton boys, as they were called, descended on the Lancaster. work house and killed the remaining fourteen Conestoga' Indians, who has been housed there for safety. Mter this outburst the government decided to house some one hundred and forty Indians in barracks in Philadelphia. Early in February 1764 two hundred frontiersmen, armed, marched on Philadelphia and demanded the Indians to be given up. The Philadelphians,promptly organized the defense of their city. They sent Franklin and others to negotiate with the Paxton boys, in order to prevent bloodshed. The negotiators were successful: they promised that if the Paxtonians would write a statement of grievance and return home, the governor and assembly would give speedy consideration to their grievances. A storm arose over how such events could have taken place. Especially the march created a sphere of displeasure. The presses of Philadelphia published numerous pamphlets - essays, verses, dialogues etc. - by means of which the excited people of Pennsylvania conducted the Paxton battle in the press. They argued, sometimes seriously, sometimes humorously, the justice of the massacre of the Indians and the march on Philadelphia. The rebellion itself was given voice and achieved focus by these discussions of an aroused people. Therein the arguments~took form, the lines of disagreement emerged, and the fundamental meaning of the rebellion was revealed to all who read.~ In the process of presenting the quarrel this material tells us much about that slightly later and much larger event, the American Revolution. XII and 351 pages. Roy. 8vo. Cloth Guilders Other Martinus Nljhoff Publicatjfons in the Field of History JAN COMPAGNIE IN JAPAN An essay on the cultural, artistic and scientific influence exercised by the Hollanders in Japan from the seventeenth to the nineteenth centuries. By C. R. Boxer. Second revised edition. XII and 198 pages. With 17 plates of which 4 in colour. roy. 8vo. Guilders 9.50; Cloth Guilders 12. " his work is intended chiefly for scholars. Nevertheless, the general reader who is interested in the Far East should welcome this little volume; for it brings before him, with remarkable clearness, the light of those 'other days - only a century ago - when to be a merchant overseas 'in the remote and farthest distant

3 MARTINUS NIJHOFF - PUBLISHER - THE HAGUE quarters of the earth' was still a romantic and perilous adventure. Captain Boxer illustrates his text with a number of delightful reproductions of Nagasaki-e and other colour prints." The Times Literary Supplement. FIDALGOS IN THE FAR EAST Fact and fancy in the history of Macao. By C. R. Boxer. XII and 297 pages. With 16 plates. roy. Svo. Cloth Guilders "Prof. Boxer's book offers a sound basis for anyone interested in this Colony, and provides an authentic picture of the Far East itself, not only as it was but also it is to-day." Eastern World. LAND AND LABOR IN EUROPE A comparative survey of recent agrarian history. By Folke Dovring. VIII and 4S0 pages. roy. Svo. Cloth Guilders 2S.50 = Studies in Social Life, Vol. IV. "In the author's opinion the central problem of European agriculture is the relation between land and manpower. He discusses such relevant problems as the distribution of landed property, legal regulations governing ownership of the land, agricultural co-operation and agrarian reforms, both applied and propagated." Internatwnal Review of Social H'lStory. PRELUDE TO WAR. The international repercussions of the Spanish civil war ( ). By P. A. M. van der Esch. XI and 190 pages. roy. Svo. Guilders 12.-; Cloth Guilders 15. "Few have been written from the scholarly detachment that characterized this little volume by a well trained historian who documents her work thoroughly. The story that emerges from these pages is a well documented record of the diplomatic shadow boxing behind the scenes of the Spanish tragedy." World Affairs. THE IMPERIAL CITY OF POTOSI. An unwritten chapter in the history of Spanish America. By Lewis Hanke. 60 pages. With 5 plates. roy. Svo. Guilders 5.70 "This is a scholarly study made by the man best qualified to prepare it. It should serve as an inspiration and practical guide to the research student of Potosi, and a reference handbook for all Latin American historians." Pacific Historical Review. BARTOLOME DE LAS CASAS. An interpretation of his life and writings. By Lewis Hanke. XII and 103 pages. With 5 plates. roy. Svo. Guilders 5. "Scholars inlthe field, general readers, and students will find this work most useful in the study of the sweep and nature of the Spanish conquest in America and the character of the colonial society which developed in the area from the West Indies to the continents from New Spain to the south of Chile." American Historical Review. THE ROYALISTS DURING THE PURITAN REVO L UTI 0 N. By Paul H. Hardacre. XIV and IS5 pages. roy. Svo. Cloth Guilders = International Scholars Forum, Vol. VI. "It is strange that while so much has been written about the Puritans, so little

4 MARTINUS NIJHOFF - PUBLISHER - THE HAGUE attention has been paid to their adversaries, the Royalists. Now Professor Hardacre has dug deeply in the sources, chiefly printed, and in the contemporary literature to present a full account of the defeated party." American Historical Review. MITTELEUROPA IN GERMAN THOUGHT AND ACTION By Henry Cord Meyer. Awarded the George Louis Beer Prize 1956 of the American Historical Association. (This prize is awarded annually for the best work on European international history since 1895). XVI and 378 pages. roy. 8vo. Cloth Guilders = International Scholars Forum, Vol. IV. "A first-rate contribution... one of the most original and valuable books on international affairs published for many years." The Manchester Guardian. "An admirable book... more than an authoritative study... it demonstrates by its excellence the potentialities of the scholarly monograph." Political Science Quarterly. THE AMBASSADOR PREPARES FOR WAR: The Dutch embassy of Arnauld de PomponneI I. By Herbert H. Rowen. X and 210 pages. roy.8vo. Cloth Guilders 19.- = International Scholars Forum, Vol. VII. Again diplomatic history proves to be a necessary and indispensable part of the history of international relations. The present book is not only a political and diplomatic evaluation of the French war plans, with special attention to Pomponne's contribution to them, it is also a study of the part played by a great diplomat - the perfect ambassador, as his own age called him. CORPUS INSCRIPTIONUM ET MONUMENTORUM RELIGIONIS MITHRIACAE. By M. J. Ver:maseren. XII and 366 textpages, 7 maps and 24 textfigures. With 214 illustrations on art paper. roy.. 4to. Cloth Guilders 85. The present work contains a complete survey of the existing Mithraic monuments and inscriptions from Asia Minor, Syria, Egypt, Africa, Italy, Spain, England and France, describing all findings up to A feature of the book is its great number of beautiful plates, illustrating the elaborate descriptions in a most clarifying way. Most monuments are reproduced from new photographs. THE BOARDING-BRIDGE OF THE ROMANS. Its construction and its function in the naval tactics of the first Punic war. By H. T. Wallinga. 116 pages. roy. 8vo. Guilders 8.90 "The book is well supplied with indices and bibliography, and the illustrations are excellent. The author is to be congratulated on a fine piece of research in in a difficult field." The Classical Journal. Obtainable through any bookseller or from the: publisher One Guilder is $ or S 1/11 actual rate

5 THE PAXTON PAPERS

6 THE PAXTON PAPERS Edited with an introduction by JOHN R. DUNBAR MARTINUS NIJHOFF THE HAGUE

7 ISBN ISBN (ebook) DOl / Copyright 1957 by Martinus Nijho.fJ, The Hague, Netherlands Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1957 All rights reserved, including the right to translate or to reproduce this book or parts thererif in any form

8 For L.R.D. And V.E.D.

9 PREFACE An attempt has been made to arrange the pamphlets reprinted in this volume in a chronological/argumentative sequence. The grammar, punctuation, and spelling of the originals have been kept; however, occasionally, where the spelling in the original might arouse serious question in the mind of the reader, the conventional symbol sic has been placed after the word. For permission to reprint these pamphlets I wish to thank the American Philosophical Society; The Historical Society of Pennsylvania; The Huntington Library, San Marino, California; The Library Company of Philadelphia; and The New York Public Library. I am particularly grateful for the generous help given me by the staffs of the American Philosophical Society and The Historical Society of Pennsylvania; I especially wish to thank Mr. Nicholas Biddle Wainwright, Research Librarian of the latter Society, for prompt aid from a far distance in a number of trying circumstances. For permission to quote from Mr. Brooke Hindle's "The March of the Paxton Men," thanks are due to Mr. Lawrence W. Turner, editor of the William and Mary Quarter!J.

10 Preface Introduction TABLE OF CONTENTS A Narrative of the Late Massacres, in Lancaster County, of a Number of Indians, Friends of this Province, By Persons unknown. 55 Copy of a Letter From Charles Read, Esq: To The Hon: John Ladd, Esq: And his Associates, Justices of the Peace for the County of Gloucester. 77 The Cloven-Foot discovered. 83 A Dialogue, Between Andrew Trueman, And Thomas Zealot; About the killing the Indians At Cannestogoe And Lancaster. 87 A Serious Address, to Such of the Inhabitants of Pennsylvania, As have cannived at, or do approve of, the late Massacre of the Indians at Lancaster; or the Design of Killing those who are now in the Barracks at Philadelphia. 91 A Declaration And Remonstrance Of the distressed and bleeding Frontier Inhabitants Of the Province of Pennsylvania, Presented by them to the Honourable the Governor and Assembly of the Province, Shewing the Causes Of their late Discontent and Uneasiness and the Grievances Under which they have laboured, and which they humbly pray to have redress'd.. 99 A Dialogue, Containing some Reflections on the late Declaration and Remonstrance, Of the Back-Inhabitants of the Province of Pennsylvania. An Historical Account, of the late Disturbance, between the Inhabitants of the Back Settlements; of Pennsylvania, and the Philadelphians, &. 125 The Address of the People call'd Quakers, In the Province of Pennsylvania, To John Penn, Esquire, Lieutenant-Governor of the said Province, &. 131 VII I I I I

11 x TABLE OF CONTENTS The Squabble, A Pastoral Eclogue. The Paxton Expedition. The Paxton Boys, A Farce. The Paxtoniade. A Poem. A Battle! A Battle! A Battle of Squirt, Where no Man is kill'd And no Man is hurt! To the Tune of three blue Beans, in a blue Bladder; Rattle Bladder, Rattle! 173 The Apology of the Paxton Volunteers addressed to the candid & impartial World. 183 The Quaker Unmask'd; Or, Plain Truth: Humbly address'd to the Consideration of all the Freemen of Pennsylvania. 205 A Touch on the Times A New Song. 217 Remarks On The Quaker Unmask'd; Or Plain Truth found to be Plain Falshood: Humbly address'd to the Candid. 223 The Quaker Vindicated; Or, Observations On A Late Pamphlet, Entituled, The Quaker Unmask'd, Or, Plain Truth. 229 A Looking-Glass For Presbyterians. 243 The Author Of Quaker Unmask'd, Strip'd Start Naked, Or The Delineated Presbyterian Play'd Hob With. 257 The Conduct of the Paxton-Men, Impartially represented: with some Remarks on the Narrative. 265 A Looking-Glass, &. Numb. II. 299 An Answer, To The Pamphlet Entituled the Conduct of the P~ton Men, impartially represented: Wherein the ungenerous Spirit of the Author is Manifested, &. And the spotted Garment pluckt off. 317 The Plain Dealer: Or, A few Remarks upon Quaker Politicks, And their Attempts to Change the Government of Pennsylvania. 339

12 TABLE OF CONTENTS XI The Quakers Assisting. To Preserve the Lives of the Indians in the Barracks, Vindicated And proved to be consistent with Reason, agreeable to our Law, hath an inseperable Connection with the Law of God, and exactly agreeable with the Principles of the People call'd Quakers. 353 The Plain Dealer: Or, Remarks On Quaker Politicks In Pennsylvania. Numb. III. 365 The Quakers Assisting, To preserve the Lives of the Indians, in the Barracks, vindicated: Shewing wherein, the Author of the Quaker Unmask'd, hath turn'd King's Evidence; impeached himself, and cleared the Quakers from all the heavy Charges he hath Published against them. 387 Index 397