Brihadeeswara Temple, Thanjavur. Audience. Prerequisites. Copyright & Disclaimer. Brhadeeswara Temple

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2 Brihadeeswara Temple, Thanjavur Brihadeeswara Temple is lcated in Thanjavur, a city in Tamil Nadu. The temple was cnstructed by Rajaraja Chla and was dedicated t Lrd Shiva. The temple was built 1000 years ag n the basis f Dravidian architecture. This tutrial will let yu knw abut the histry f the temple alng with the structures present inside. Yu will als get the infrmatin abut the best time t visit it alng with hw t reach the temple. Audience This tutrial is designed fr the peple wh wuld like t knw abut the histry f Brihadeeswara Temple alng with the interirs and design f the temple. This temple is visited by many peple frm India and abrad. Prerequisites This is a brief tutrial designed nly fr infrmatinal purpse. There are n prerequisites as such. All that yu shuld have is a keen interest t explre new places and experience their charm. Cpyright & Disclaimer Cpyright 2017 by Tutrials Pint (I) Pvt. Ltd. All the cntent and graphics published in this e-bk are the prperty f Tutrials Pint (I) Pvt. Ltd. The user f this e-bk is prhibited t reuse, retain, cpy, distribute, r republish any cntents r a part f cntents f this e-bk in any manner withut written cnsent f the publisher. We strive t update the cntents f ur website and tutrials as timely and as precisely as pssible, hwever, the cntents may cntain inaccuracies r errrs. Tutrials Pint (I) Pvt. Ltd. prvides n guarantee regarding the accuracy, timeliness, r cmpleteness f ur website r its cntents including this tutrial. If yu discver any errrs n ur website r in this tutrial, please ntify us at cntact@tutrialspint.cm. 1

3 Table f Cntents Brihadeeswara Temple, Thanjavur... 1 Audience... 1 Prerequisites... 1 Cpyright & Disclaimer... 1 Table f Cntents BRIHADEESWARA TEMPLE OVERVIEW BRIHADEESWARA TEMPLE HISTORY BRIHADEESWARA TEMPLE ARCHITECTURE BRIHADEESWARA TEMPLE HOW TO REACH? BRIHADEESWARA TEMPLE NEARBY PLACES

4 1. Brihadeeswara Temple Overview Brihadeeswara Temple was built by Rajaraja Chla in 10101AD. The temple is lcated in Thanjavur which is ne f the largest cities in India and is lcated in Tamil Nadu. The height f the twer f the temple is 60m. The statue f Nandi, the bull, is situated at the entrance whse length is abut 4.9m and height is abut 4m. Granite stne was used t cnstruct the temple. Thanjavur Thanjavur is ne f the big cities in India which glrified during the reign f Chla dynasty. After that the city came under the rule f Nayaks and Marathas. There are many temples and ther mnuments besides Brihadeeswara temple which the turists can visit. 3

5 There is a legend which says that the city was named s due t a demn named Tanjan wh was killed by Neelamegha Perumal, an incarnatin f Lrd Vishnu. There is n histrical evidences which tell abut the fundatin f the city but it is said that the city existed during the Sangam perid in the 3 rd century BC. Visiting Hurs The temple is pened fr the public frm 6:00am t 12:30pm and 4:00pm t 8:30pm. It takes arund 2-3 hurs t visit the whle temple as the temple is very big. The temple is als pened n all days f the week including gvernment hlidays. Tickets There is n entry fees and turists can cme and visit the temple any time during the visiting hurs. Best time t visit Thanjavur can be visited during the perid f Octber t March as the climate is pleasant. Turists can als enjy utdr activities besides visiting the temple. In the rest f the mnths, the climate is very ht. Where t Stay? There are arund 35 htels in Thanjavur that range frm inexpensive htels t star htels. Turists can stay and enjy the services f these htels as each htel prvides gd hspitality. Sme f the htels f the city are as fllws: Five-Star Htels Htel Svatma lcated at Blake Higher Secndary Rad Fur-Star Htels Lakshmi Htel lcated at VOC Nagar, Trichy Main Rad 4

6 Three-Star Htel Htel Balaji Inn lcated near Bus Stand Htel Parisutham lcated at GA Canal Rad Htel Gnanam lcated at Anna Salai Htel Sangam lcated at Trichy Htel Victriyah lcated near Rhini Hspital Budget Htels r Tw-Star Htels Htel Abis Inn lcated at Pudukttai Main Rad Htel Ramnath lcated near Bus Stand Htel KRA lcated at Anna Salai Tanjre Hi Heritage Butique Htel lcated at East Main Street Htel Annamalai lcated near Bus Stand Cheap Htels PLA Residency lcated at Srinivasan Pillai Rad ASK Residency lcated at Annasalai Htel RAKS lcated at Trichy Rad Sri Karruna Residency lcated at East Main Street Htel Yagappa lcated at Trichy Rad 5

7 2. Brihadeeswara Temple Histry Brhadeeswara Temple Brihadeeswara Temple is lcated in Thanjavur that has a lng histry. Thugh the year f fundatin f the city is nt knwn but it is believed that the city existed during the Sangam perid that was frm 3 rd century BC t 4 th century AD. It is als believed that in the Battle f Venni, Chla king Karikala fught with Cheras and Pandyas and als faced invasin by Mutharayars. Later n the city was ruled by Chlas. Thanjavur under Chla Dynasty Chla king Vijayalaya defeated Elang Mutharayar and cnquered Thanjavur in 850AD. He wrshipped Gddess Nisumbhasudani and s built a temple. Aditya succeeded Vijayalaya and ruled the city. King Rajaraja Chla cnstructed Brihadeeswara Temple in 985AD which was ne f the great cnstructin f the Chlas. Thanjavur under Pandyas Pandyas captured Thanjavur tw times, first in the perid f and secnd in In 1230, Pandyas defeated Rajaraja III wh was sent t exile. Rajaraja III sught help frm Vira Narsimha II wh belnged t Hysala dynasty. After smetime Pandyas annexed whle f the Chla kingdm and ruled Thanjavur frm 1279 t

8 Thanjavur under Delhi Sultanate Malik Kafur annexed Thanjavur frm Pandyas and ruled frm 1296 till The sultanate als cnquered the kingdm f Pandyas and ruled frm 1311 t After this, Delhi Sultanate annexed Ma bar Sultanate and ruled frm 1335 t After this, Thanjavur was annexed by Vijayanagara empire that ruled frm 1365 t Thanjavur under Marathas Ekji f Bhnsle dynasty was the half-brther f Shivaji and cnquered Thanjavur in 1674AD. This dynasty ruled Thanjavur till Maratha rulers were fnd f Carnatic music. In 1787, Amar Singh usurped the kingdm frm Serfji, his nephew. But later Serfji regained his thrne with the help f the British. In 1855, British annexed Thanjavur after the death f Shivaji wh didn t have a male heir. Brihadeeswara Temple Rajaraja Chla I cnstructed the temple whse fundatin was laid in 1002CE. The temple was based n the Chla style architecture which included multifaceted clumns and square capital signals. Many religius events were cnducted here which included daily rituals dne by the king. 7

9 3. Brihadeeswara Temple Architecture Brihadeeswara temple was cnstructed by Rajaraja Chla I and was designed by Kunjara Mallan Raja Rama Perunthachan. The base f the temple has the pictures f dancing Shiva and stne deities. A 2m high, 6m lng, and 2.5m wide statue f Nandi Bull weighing 20 tnnes can be fund at the entrance. The bull is made up f a single stne and is the secnd largest statue f Nandi. The Shiva Linga inside the temple has the height f 3.7m. The dynasties that ruled after Chlas als added the pictures f many deities. Entrance The platfrm n which the temple was built has the height f 5m. The uter walls f the temple are built like frt having a deep mat surrunding it. There are tw entrances t the temple. The first is the five strey gpuram and the secnd is the free standing gpuram t which peple reach thrugh a quadrangle. Vimanam r the Shikhara f the temple is 60.96m high. Mandapas The centre f the temple has the statue f Nandi Bull. There are tw halls in the temple als called mandapas. One f the hall is pillared while ther is the assembly hall. Apart frm these, there are many mre shrines. 8

10 The primary deity wrshipped here is Lrd Shiva whse image is established n the inner sanctum. There is als a Shiva Linga inside. There is ne mre chamber called Karuvarai r wmb chamber in which nly priests can enter. Pradakshina and Garbhagriha The inner and the uter wall make Pradakshina fr circumambulatin. This Pradakshina is built arund the Garbhagriha which is built n a platfrm and is square in shape. The image f a deity is placed in the center f the garbhagriha. Rajaraja Chla 1 used t give gift frm the hall. Deities f the Temple Lrd Shiva is the main deity f the temple and a Shiva linga is established here t wrship him. The height f the Shiva linga is 8.7m. Other deities are placed in the uter wall als knwn as Kshtha Mrthigal. 9

11 These deities include Dakshinamurthy, Surya and Chandra. Other deities include Ashta Dikpaalakas, Agni, Yam, Nirrti, Varuna, Vayu, Kuber, and Isana. The statues f all these deities are six feet high. 10

12 4. Brihadeeswara Temple Hw t Reach? Brihadeeswara Temple is lcated in Thanjavur which is cnnected t many cities thrugh rad and rail netwrk. Thanjavur des nt have airprt but turists can reach Tiruchirapalli by air and then catch a taxi, bus r train t reach Thanjavur. Distance f sme f the nearby cities frm Thanjavur is as fllws: Thanjavur t Tiruchirapalli By rail 50km By rad 59km Thanjavur t Chennai By rail 326km By rad 341km Thanjavur t Madurai By rail 210km By rad 195km Thanjavur t Tuticrin By rail 334km t 365km (depends n the rute taken by train) 11

13 By rad 333km Thanjavur t Rameshwaram By rail 314km By rad 237km Thanjavur t Tirupati By rail 452km By rad 414km By Air Thanjavur des nt have airprt but the nearest airprt is Tiruchirapalli frm where flights t Indian and freign cities can be caught. Peple wh arrive at Tiruchirapalli can hire a taxi r take a bus t reach Thanjavur. By Train Thanjavur is cnnected t nearby places thrugh railways but there are very few lng distance trains. Superfast and fast mail and express trains alng with Jan Shatabdi have stppages here. Fr lng distance trains, turists can g t Tiruchirapalli where many lng distance trains arrive. By Rad Thanjavur is well-cnnected t many cities f Tamil Nadu by rad. Natinal highways that pass thrugh the city are NH 67, NH 45C, and NH 226. These highways cnnect the city t Tiruchirapalli, Cimbatre, Pudukttai and many mre. 12

14 The bus statins in the city are new bus stand, ld bus stand, and Tiruvaiyaru bus stand. 13

15 5. Brihadeeswara Temple Nearby Places Besides visiting Brihadeeswara Temple, turists can als visit many ther places nearby. Sme f these places are as fllws: Gangaiknda Chlapuram Rajendra Chla I, sn and successr f Rajaraja Chla I, cnstructed Gangaiknda Chlapuram. Chlas cntrlled the whle suthern India. Rajendra Chla funded the city in rder t remember his victry ver the rulers f Pala dynasty. Nw this place exists as a village in Ariyalur district. He als cnstructed a temple having three streys and a huge wall is cnstructed arund it. The Serfji Saraswati Mahal Library The Serfji Saraswati Mahal Library is ne f the ldest libraries f Asia. Turists can find manuscripts written n palm leaves. The languages used in these manuscripts are Tamil, Hindi, Telugu, Marathi, English, and many thers. This library was made by kings f Nayak dynasty wh ruled frm 1535 t

16 The library was develped by the Marathas after 1675 when they captured Thanjavur. Serfji was ne f the Marathas wh learnt many languages and was als fnd f art and literature. He played the main rle in develping the library as Sanskrit literature frm many parts f Nrth India was gathered during his reign and fr this he emplyed Pandits. Tirunallar Saniswaran Temple Tirunallar Saniswaran temple is lcated in Karaikal district where lrd Shiva is the main deity t be wrshipped. The deity is made by using Dharba grass. Anther deity is Saniswar wh is wrshipped befre reaching the sanctum f Lrd Shiva. 15

17 Thanjavur Ryal Palace Thanjavur Ryal Palace is situated inside the Vijayanagara frt and was the residence f Nayak rulers. Later n it came under the Marathas. Turists can visit Nayak Hall Darbar hall, Serfji s Saraswati Mahal Library. Vijayanagara Frt Vijayanagara Frt was built by Vijaya Raghav wh belnged t Nayak dynasty. Later n, Marathas cmpleted the cnstructin. Mst part f the frt has nw been ruined and turists have permissin t visit nly a part f it. 16

18 The frt is arund 2km away frm the Brihadeeswara Temple. The frt is pened frm 9:00am t 6:00pm n all days f the week. 17