Study Guide PreAP WC2 Test #6 The Late 19 th Century [ ] QUEST CHAPTERS or so objective Qs 3/19 Frye GPHS

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1 Study Guide PreAP WC2 Test #6 The Late 19 th Century [ ] QUEST CHAPTERS or so objective Qs 3/19 Frye GPHS The Second Industrial Era [ ] how was it technologically different? how did living conditions and class roles change? for these people what was/were their major invention or discovery? Alexander Bell Guillermo Marconi Gottlieb Daimler Count von Zeppelin & the Wright Brothers Louis Pasteur [as a group] Michael Faraday, Nikola Tesla, Thomas Edison FIRST INDUSTRIAL 2nd INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION [after 1850] REVOLUTION BUILDING MATERIAL Iron Steel ENERGY Coal, Steam Oil & Gas, Electricity DOMINANT NATION(s) England USA, Germany, France, Britain, Japan MACHINES In factories On farms and in homes TRAVEL Trains & Canals Planes & Automobiles CITIES Few technological benefits COMMUNICATION Telegraph Telephone & Radio ORGANIZATION Single owner factories Global Corporations [ trusts or cartels ] Technological infrastructure [subways, wiring, lighting, sewage] Critics of Society Karl Marx /Marxism [communism] The Communist Manifesto Das Kapital alienation of worker inevitability of revolution bourgeoisie proletariat Labor theory of value - know the basics of Marxist theory G.K. Chesterton Any question will be based on the prompts/quotes below To mix science up with philosophy is only to produce a philosophy that has lost all its ideal value and a science that has lost all its practical value. I want my private physician to tell me whether this or that food will kill me. It is for my private philosopher to tell me whether I ought to be killed.

2 The expert is more aristocratic than the aristocrat, because the aristocrat is only the man who lives well, while the expert is the man who knows better. If scientific civilization (scientism) goes on, only one man will laugh, because he can laugh better than the rest. It is idle to always talk of the alternative of reason and faith. It is an act of faith to assert that our thoughts have any relation to reality at all. If you are merely a skeptic, you must sooner or later ask the question Why should anything go right, even observation and deduction? They are both movements in the brain of a bewildered ape. Fyodor Dostoyevsky Any question will be based on the prompts/quotes below Reason, gentlemen, is an excellent thing but reason is only reason and can only satisfy man s rational faculty. Reason only knows what it has succeeded in learning and human nature acts as a whole, with everything that is in it. Now suppose that there is no God or immortality of the soul. Now tell me, why should I live righteously and do good deeds, if I die entirely on earth? And if so, why should I not (as I can count on my intelligence and agility to avoid being caught by the law) cut the throat of another man, stealing, If God does not exist, everything is permitted." The Irish Question The Woman question E. Pankhurst and suffragettes Methods and conflict with the law 1918 UK women get the vote Political Spectrum by mid to late 19 th century Reactionaries Social Darwinists Religious Conservatives Christian social justice activists William and Catherine Booth, YMCA, rescue missions Dorthea Dix & Elizabeth Fry Florence Nightingale Christian centrist parties (Ex: Center Party in Germany) Pope Leo XIII (New) Liberals Anticlerical Pro-government intervention Democratic socialists Social Democrats in Germany, E. Bernstein Labour party (UK) Communists (Marx) Anarchists See chart.

3 POLITICAL SPECTRUM Generally CAPITALIST Far left Far right Radical Left Right Reactionaries Anarchists Communists Marxists Democratic Socialists (New) Liberals Classical Liberals Christian Centrists Conservatives Monarchists Racists Secular and anticlerical Marx Engels Secular and anticlerical Generally ANTICLERICAL Bernstein German SPD UK Labour Secular and anticlerical (except for Christian Socialists) UK Labour Secular Whigs/Liberals Secular and Social Darwinist Pope Leo XIII Religious Tories Some Religious; some Secular and Social Darwinist Racial Social Darwinists Some Religious; some Secular and Social Darwinist Nationalism and Politics Nationalism The Crimean War - Cause, outcomes Florence Nightingale Unification of Italy by Sardinia-Piedmont and Camillo dicavour Garibaldi Unification of Germany Otto von Bismarck & Prussia Danish War Austro-Prussian War Franco-Prussian War Realpolitik Kulturkampf (Bismarck vs Catholics) Social welfare system (Bismarck vs Socialists) Kaiser Wilhelm II fires Bismarck (1890) aggressive, Social Darwinist, scares other powers France Louis N. Bonaparte [2d Republic]. aka: NAPOLEON III [2d Empire] How did he maintain his POWER without being obviously brutal? Power, propaganda, progress, prosperity Franco-Mexican War the "Commune / communards (@ end of F-P War) 3rd French Republic

Russia Intelligentsia Slavophiles vs Westernizers Alexander II - Emancipation of the serfs of 1861 Fair trials [judicial reform] 1864 Assassination [1881] Expansion of Russia into Central Asia and

4 Russia Intelligentsia Slavophiles vs Westernizers Alexander II - Emancipation of the serfs of 1861 Fair trials [judicial reform] 1864 Assassination [1881] Expansion of Russia into Central Asia and Pacific Anti-Semitism Dreyfuss Affair [France] Jewish Pale [Russia] Pogroms Theodore Herzl & Zionism Decline of the Ottoman Turks. sick man traditionalists vs. modernizers 1830 France grabs Algeria Suez Canal 1869 British seize Egypt [1881] Abdul Hamid II "the Damned" Young Turks 1908 coup Russo-Turkish War and the new Balkan nations by 1914 (where are the BALKANS?) Imperialism REASONS/motives FOR IMPERIALISM white mans burden Social Darwinism METHODS OF CONTROL migration in the colonial era roles of missionaries traditionalists vs. modernizers in reaction to Imperialism India Brit. E. India Company [1750s-1857] Sepoy mutiny [aka Indian Revolt] Indian National Congress The Raj [ ] Great Game Q ing Dynasty decline in China Opium War spheres of influence Taiping Rebellion Cixi Boxer Rebellion Sun Yatsen & End of Qing Empire 1911

Japan Commodore Perry arrives 1853 challenges to The Tokugawa Shoguns Meiji Restoration / young samurai [Sat-Cho]revolt / modernization Sino-Japanese War 1894-1895 Russo-Japanese War 1904-1905

5 Japan Commodore Perry arrives 1853 challenges to The Tokugawa Shoguns Meiji Restoration / young samurai [Sat-Cho]revolt / modernization Sino-Japanese War Russo-Japanese War AMERICAS Mexican-American War (A. Lopez de Santa Anna) Benito Juarez (Mexico) Vs Maxmillian (Franco-Mexican War ) Panama Canal Spanish-American War (1898): USA seizes Hawaii & Philippines Canada and Durham report (1840) dominions status (Canada, Australia, New Zealand, S. Africa) Africa David Livingstone & Henry Stanley King Leopold II - Belgian Congo [atrocities] Herero genocide {German SW Africa} Berlin Conference in 1885 Italians defeated in Ethiopia by Menelik II South Africa Afrikaaners [or Boers] Cecil Rhodes Boer War Art - Any question will be based on the example paintings below Realism (the common man, realistic) Impressionism (nature, light, bourgeois) Post-Impressionism (bold colors) Expressionism (wild colors, strange shapes) (The Stone Breakers, Gustave Courbet - REALISM)

6 (Water Lilies, Claude Monet - IMPRESSIONISM) (Starry Night, VanGogh POST-IMPRESSIONIST) (The Scream, Edvard Munch - POST-IMPRESSIONIST / EXPRESSIONIST)

What is Nationalism? (Write this down!)

1800-1870 What is Nationalism? (Write this down!) Nationalism: a feeling of belonging and loyalty that causes people to think of themselves as a nation; belief that people s greatest loyalty shouldn t