On May 23 and 24, 1865, Washington, DC, hosted the Grand Review of the Armies to mark the ending of the Civil War. On May 23, Major General George

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1 On May 23 and 24, 1865, Washington, DC, hosted the Grand Review of the Armies to mark the ending of the Civil War. On May 23, Major General George Meade led an estimated 80,000 men. Infantry units marched twelve men across; they were followed by divisional and corps artillery units. The cavalry units who participated stretched for over seven miles. The following day, General William Tecumseh Sherman led an additional 65,000 men representing the Army of the Tennessee and the Army of Georgia. (Library of Congress)

2 Civil War veterans members of the United Confederate Veterans and Grand Army of the Republic pose at Gettysburg in (Library of Congress) Union and Confederate veterans march together at Gettysburg in 1913 honoring the fiftieth anniversary of the battle. (Library of Congress)

3 Index Aiken party, 2 Alexander II, 15 Amazon (ship), 251 American flag, , 174, , 338n58 Anderson, Robert, x Beach, William Leake, , Bear River Massacre, 180n78, , , 234n8 Beauregard, Pierre Gustave Toutant, x, 282n6, 386, Becker, Charles W., 13 Beckwith, Charles D., Bee, Barnard E., 11 Belle Wood (ship), 258 Bennet, James Arlington, 10, 17n9, 71 Cache Military District, Camp Douglas background of, Charles D. Beckwith and, construction of, 72 establishment of, following Civil War, Indian affairs and, 212 naming of, photographs of, A Antarctic (ship), 251 Antietam, Battle of, 32, 33 Antonga, 221 Appomattox, xi, 103, 221, 259 April 1865: The Month That Saved America (Winik), B Bennett, James Gordon, 10 Bennett, John C., 10, 63 black citizens, rights of, during Reconstruction, 302 4, 312 Black Codes, 303 Black Hawk, 221 Black Hawk Indian War, 221 blockade of Southern ports, 29 Bonaparte, Napoleon, 391 brevets, 396n1 Bridger, Jim, 12 Brown, Edwin, C tensions with, Camp Floyd, 18 19n28, 111, 162, , 267 Cannon, George Q., 47 Cass, Lewis, 87 Chlarson, Hans N., Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, position of, on Civil War, Civil Rights Act, 305 Army of Northern Virginia, 31 Army of the Potomac, Ashley Bill, Athena (ship), 247 attrition, limited war of, 30 Browne, Albert G., Jr., 12 Browning, Robert L., 7 Bryant, William Cullen, 272 B. S. Kimball (ship), 251, Buchanan, James, 3 4, 111, 161 Bull Run, Battle of, 29 Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands, 302 Burnside, Ambrose, 33 Burton, Robert Taylor, 130, , 152, Civil War. See also Civil War prophecy; interpretations of Civil War beginning of, ix xi causes of, Church s position on, end of, xi, 36 38, 103, 295 expectations concerning, 98 99, fatalities in, guerrilla warfare in, 35 36

4 562 Index historical background of, impact of, 23 24, 107, 285, strategy and tactics in, understanding, Utah Territory s role in, Civil War prophecy ambiguity in, 124n90 change to, 59n42 emigration and, 261 fulfillment of, 94 96, 108, 114, 116, 239 reception and publication of, 41 46, 57 58n7 Second Coming and, 117 use of, after Civil War, use of, during Civil War, Clark, Benjamin Harrison, 11 Clark, Joshua, 293n11 Clark, George W., 2 Davis, John Eugene. See Norman, William H. Dawson, John W., 74 75, 275 deaths, Civil War, Decoration Day (Memorial Day), DeHaas, John W., 343 Deseret, 88. See also Utah Territory disciplinarian approach to Indian relations, economy as cause of Civil War, 114 Civil War s effects on, 245 Fort Douglas s impact on, 170 Indians and, 204, 205 Utah War s impact on, 14 Edmonds, Sarah Emma, 336n14 Edmunds Acts (1882), 313 Clawson, Hiram B., 9, 18 19n28, 146 Cody, Frederick William Buffalo Bill, 13 Colfax, Schuyler, Collins, William O., 191 Colorado River, 14, , 389 communication. See mail delivery; telegraph line condemnation, Civil War as, 49 51, 84, 86, 94, , Confederacy international acknowledgment of, 37 strategy and advantages of, 26, 27, 30 strategy and tactics of, Connor, Patrick Edward arrives in Salt Lake City, 72, 153, 156 D Doty, James Duane, 76 Douglas, Stephen A. Brigham Young on, 69 Fort Douglas named after, Mormons and, 62, 64, 77, popular sovereignty and, 87 prophecy on, 63 64, Utah Territory and, Douglass, Frederick, E Edmunds-Tucker Act (1887), 313 Emancipation Proclamation, 33 emigration Civil War era, decline in, increased means for, new routes and outfitting camp for, Bear River Massacre and, 180n78, , Brigham Young and, Camp Douglas and, , death of, 176 Grand Army of the Republic and, Indian affairs and, 212, Mormons and, press coverage of, 273 conscription, Cooke, Philip St. George, 178n26, Cooper, Samuel, 386, Corn Creek reservation, 209 Cragin, Bill, 308 Craig, James, Crater, 37 Crismon, Charles, Cullom Bill, 309 Cumming, Alfred, 4 5, 90, 210 Dow, Lorenzo, 200n31 Draft Riots, Drake, Thomas J., Duncan, Johnson Kelly, 397n18 duration of Civil War, predictions on, 98 99, 115 duty as motivation for enlistment, procedure for, 237 and realities of war, war anxiety and increase in, Enabling Act (1862), Enforcement Acts, 304 enlistment. See also conscription; recruitment Brigham Young on, 70, 174

5 Index 563 enlistment (cont.) Church members advised against, 184, 286 duty as motivation for, galvanized Yankees and, Fango, Gobo, 242 Farnsworth, Elon John, 7, 12 federal appointees to Utah Territory, federal Indian officials, Ferguson, James, 9, 146 Ferguson, Samuel Wragg, 11 Ficklin, Benjamin Franklin, 13, Field, Kate, Fifteenth Amendment, 305 Fillmore, Lemuel, 394 galvanized Yankees, gambling, Garfield, James A., Gately, Thomas B., 399 Gates, Jacob, 243 Gentles, William, Gettysburg, Battle of, 7 8, 35 gold, 173 Grand Army of the Republic. See also National Encampment (1909) military vocabulary and motifs in, Hancock County, Illinois, Harding, Stephen S., 75, 273 Harney, William S., 6 Hart, Charley. See Quantrill, William Clarke Harville, Richard, 230 Hayes, Rutherford B., happenstance in, honor as motivation for, 192 Mormon exodus and, motivation for, rage militaire as motivation for, voluntary, 27 flag(s) American, , 174, , 338n58 of kingdom of God, living, flagstaff, Fort Crittenden, 165, 178n26 Florence, Missouri, , , 256 Floyd, John B., 4, Foltz, Jonathan M., 3 Foote, Robert, 11 Forbes, Joseph Barlow, F G Mormon membership in, organization and membership of, , 320, 339n98 political affiliation of, 319 polygamy and, uniform of, 319 in Utah, women s participation in, , , 336n14 Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument, 15 Grant, George, 147 H Henry, Della R., Heth, Henry, 7 Hickman, William Adams (Bill), 5 Higginbotham, Elizabeth Letitia, 289 Evans, John Davis, 290 Evans, Margaret Williams, 290 exodus, Mormon, 84 87, 95, 109, expectations concerning Civil War, 98 99, Ford, Thomas, 64, 84 Fort Bridger, Fort Crittenden, 18 19n28, 111, 162, Fort Douglas. See Camp Douglas Fort Sumter, viii, ix, x, 26, 186, 240, 243, 268 Fourteenth Amendment, 305 Franklin (ship), 247, 248 Fredericksburg, Battle of, 33 Freedmen s Bureau, 302 Fretwell, Mary E., 252 Fullmer, Almon L., 148 Grant, Ulysses S., 31 32, 35, 36, 309 Great Britain, tension with, Great Salt Lake Military District, Gruntvig, Jensine Christine Hostmark, 259 guerrilla warfare, 35 36, 386, 393 Gunnison, John W., 205 Higginbotham, Nancy Campbell, 288 Hoffman, Frank, 343 Holladay, Ben, 132 honor as motivation for enlistment, 192

6 564 Index Hooker, Joseph Fighting Joe, 33 Hopkins, Thomas S., Iliff, Thomas C., 344 immigration. See emigration Independence, Missouri, Independence Day, flags flown at half-staff on, Independence Rock, Indians and Indian affairs. See also Lot Smith Cavalry Company approaches to, attack wagon train, Bear River Massacre, 180n78, , , 234n8 Jackson, Henry Wells, Jackson County, Missouri, Jenson, Stena Kemfy, Kane, Thomas L., 86, Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854), 65 Kearny, Stephen W., 87 Lacey, Mary Roby, Ladies of the Grand Army of the Republic, 321, land ownership, Indian relations and, 208, 220 Latham, Milton, 128 Lawrence, Kansas, raid on, 386 League of Nations, Lee, Robert E., xi, 30 31, 35 Lee, William H. F. (Rooney), 11 Lincoln, Abraham assassination of, election of, , 115, 273 horses, 137, 206 Hudson (ship), Huffaker, Lewis Albert, 191 I Civil War and, federal officials, George H. Thomas on, 387 Nauvoo Legion and, 144, 150, 155, policies in practice, post Civil War, prior to Civil War, telegraph line and, 72 treaties and reservations, in Utah Territory, Ingalls, Rufus, , John Jay Boyd (ship), 248 Johnson, Aaron, 9 Johnson, Andrew, 302 3, 305 J K Kimball, Heber C., 8, 138 kingdom of God, flag of, Knowlton, John Quincy, 137, 333 L Joseph Smith and, 64 and, 128 Mormons and, 61 62, 77 78, 299 Nauvoo Saints and, polygamy and, 119 on Reconstruction, on slavery and Reconstruction, Utah Territory and, Little, Jesse C., Little Soldier, Hullinger, Harvey C., Hyde company, 257 interpretations of Civil War as fulfillment of prophecy, of John Taylor, and reclaiming Missouri as Zion, as retributive justice, softened attitude in, , Irvine, Jack, Ives, Joseph C., 14 Johnston, Albert Sidney, 6 7, 14, 98, 112 Jones, Nathaniel V., 240 Ku Klux Klan, 304 Ku Klux Klan Act, 304 Litz, Peter Gose, 188 Living Flag, Loring, W. W., 14 Brigham Young on, 174 as demonstration of loyalty, enlistment in, 191 as federalized unit, Grand Army of the Republic and, 319, at Independence Rock,

7 Index 565 (cont.) instructions to, last mission of, legacy of, 138 marches to Fort Bridger, organization of, , , , press coverage on, Madsen, Brigham D., mail delivery, , Marcy, Randolph B., 10 Martin, Henry, Martyrdom, 98, Mason, James, McAllister, John D. T., 240 McClellan, George, 29 30, 397n18 McGarry, Edward, 156, 232, 235 McKean, James B., 309, 323 McNicol, Daniel, 138 millennialism, 54, Miller, Reuben Parley, 191 National Association of Nurses, 352 National Encampment (1909) accommodations and hospitality at, arrival of attendees, bid for, , business conducted at, decorations for, events during, parade, souvenirs from, Oehler, R., Order No. 11, 394 service of, 323 Lot Smith Circle No. 5, loyalty of Mormons Brigham Young and, , 174 George Q. Cannon on, 281 Grand Army of the Republic and, , , M mining, 173 missionary work Civil War prophecy and, 47, Civil War s effects on, 118 in Southern states, 310 Missouri Civil War s effects on, , 248 Order No. 11 and, 394 reclaiming of, as Zion, Monarch (ship), 254 Monticello, 15 Moonlight, Thomas, 12 N Nauvoo, Illinois, political affiliations in, Nauvoo Legion Cache Military District, end of, 157 Great Salt Lake Military District, members of, 8 10 organization of, role of, neutrality of Utah Territory, , , , O Ordinance of Nullification, 42 Our Country s Call (Bryant), 272 and, polygamy and, 278 press coverage on, reasons for challenging, 176 Luce, Jason R., 152 Lyon, Nellie L., 333 Morehead, Charlie, 12 Mormon Battalion, 87 Mormon exodus, 84 87, 95, 109, Morrill Anti-Polygamy Act (1862), 73 74, 119, , 311 Morris, Emma Ramsey, 343 Morris, Joseph, Mountain Meadows Massacre, 2 Moylan, Myles, 11 Murphy, Emmanuel, 116 Nevada Territory, 69 Nevius, Henry M., 342 Newell, Robert Doc, 396n9 newspapers. See press New York City Draft Riots, National Encampment. See National Encampment (1909) Norman, Saul, 192 Norman, William H., Northwest Ordinance (1787), 89 Nullification Crisis ( ), 42 Overland Trail, 128. See also Lot Smith Cavalry Company

8 566 Index P Pacific Coast, routes to Utah Territory from, patriotism as motivation for enlistment, 185, See also loyalty of Mormons Pearl of Great Price, Peery, David Harold, , 256, Peery, Elizabeth Letitia Higginbotham, 289 Peery, Nancy Campbell Higginbotham, 288 persecution Camp Douglas and, 171 Civil War as condemnation for, 49 51, 84, 86, 94, , pioneers. See emigration Poland Bill, 311 Quantrill, William Clarke, 12, 35, 386, Radical Reconstructionists, 302 6, rage militaire, 185, railroad, 72 73, 245, 248, 307 Rallying Song of the Grand Army of the Republic, 324 Ramsey, Amanda Ross, 343 Reconstruction goals of, Latter-day Saints and, 306 8, Lincoln and, polygamy and, Radical Reconstructionists and, politics Mormon interest in, Mormons impact on, Utah War and, Polk, James K., 85, polygamy Brigham Young and, 280 Grand Army of the Republic and, legal campaign against, Lincoln and, 66 67, press coverage on, Reconstruction and, Poole, David, 393 popular sovereignty, 87 88, 90 Pratt, Orson Civil War prophecy and, 45, 46 47, 49 emigration and, 240 Q R rights of black citizens during, successes and failures of, 312 Reconstruction Acts, recruitment, See also enlistment religion Lincoln and, 62 understanding Civil War through, 108 Reno, Jesse Lee, 11 repentance, 100 reservations, Indian, 208 9, , 221 Rex, William, press Brigham Young in, polygamy in, sources and standards for, Utah s loyalty questioned in, Utah s statehood in, Utah Territory in, , 281 prison camps, 198 Pritchett, William D., 256 Proclamation 157, xi Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction, 300 prophecy concerning Stephen A. Douglas, 63 64, 67 68, 168. See also Civil War prophecy Pugmire, Jonathan, Jr., 148 Pulver, Gilbert H., 343 Reynolds, George, 311 Reynolds, John F., 7 Rich, Charles C., 9 Richards, Franklin D., 147 righteousness, safety through, 56 road systems, 14 Roberts, B. H., 59n42 Robinson, DeLos, Robinson, John Cleveland, 7 Rockwell, Orrin Porter, 6 7 Ross, David J., 144, 148 Rozsa, John, , Russ, Joseph, 230

9 Index 567 S safety through righteousness, 56 Salt Lake Theater, funding for, 18 19n28 salvation, San Pete reservation, 209 Schettler, Bernhard, 240 School of the Prophets, 307 Scovil, Lucius, 240 Secession. See also loyalty of Mormons Brigham Young on, 69 70, Buchanan and, 3 as cause of Civil War, as process, 27 of South Carolina, ix Utah Territory and, 83 90, , Second Coming, 54, Second Reconstruction, self-reliance of Mormons, Seven Days Battles, 30 Shaffer, John Wilson, 309 Sheppard, George, 12, 393 Sheridan, Phil, 37 Sherman, William Tecumseh, 36, 37 Shiloh, Battle of, 31 32, 190 Tanner, James, 342, 353 Tariff of Abominations, 42 Taylor, John, 8, technological advancements, 24, 29, 32 33, 128 telegraph line communication through, 253 emigration and, impact of, 128 Indian relations and, 210 interruptions in, 127, 132 Lincoln and, press and, 268 Temple Square, Shoshone. See Bear River Massacre slavery abolishment of, 33, 36 Brigham Young on, 100, 123n46 as cause of Civil War, 24 Civil War prophecy and, Lincoln and Reconstruction and, as political issue, polygamy and, 67, 276, 278, 324 in territories, 65 Slidell, John, , Smith, George A., 8 Smith, Gustavus Woodson, 397n18 Smith, Joseph. See also Civil War prophecy Lincoln and, 64 martyrdom of, 98 Mormon exodus and, Stephen A. Douglas and, 63 64, 67 68, 168 tribute to, Smith, Joseph F., 8 9 Smith, Lot, 9 10, 130. See also T temple work for Confederate soldiers, 104n29 territorial system, government under, 89 Texas, insurrection in, xi theology, understanding Civil War through, 108 Thirteenth Amendment, 300 Thomas, George Henry, 385, Thomas, Lorenzo, Thompson, Franklin, 336n14 Timpanogos War, 205 Tindup, 217 Smoot, Reed, Snow, Eliza R., 272 Snow, Erastus, 240 Snow, Lorenzo, 8 Snow company, 257 Sons of Veterans of the United States of America, 339n104 sorrow over Civil War, South Carolina in Civil War prophecy, 46 47, 56 secession of, ix Southern States Mission, 310 Spanish Fork reservation, 209 Spanish Fork Treaty, 220 Squires, George B., 334 Stanton, Edwin M., Star of the West (ship), viii, x, xii, 268, 269, 405 statehood, Utah, 77, , , 308 states rights, 24 25, 42, 66, 67 Stenhouse, Thomas B. H., 61, Stewart, James Jock, 8 Stuart, David Crockett, Swords, Thomas, sympathy over Civil War, Titus, John, 71 total war, 24, 26 27, 29, 30, 37 trade between Mormons and non-mormons, transcontinental railroad, 307 transportation railroads, 71 73, 245, 248, 307 road systems, 14 treaties, Indian, 208, , 220 trench warfare, 37 Trent Affair,

10 568 Index U Uintah reservation, 221, 225n117 Uintah Valley, 218, 220 Union strategy and advantages of, 26 27, strategy and tactics of, Union Pacific, United Confederate Veterans, n18 Utah Cavalry. See Lot Smith Cavalry Company Utah Expedition. See Utah War Utah Territorial Indian Agency, 207 Utah Territorial Militia. See Nauvoo Legion Utah Territory during Civil War, Indians and Indian relations in, Lincoln and, Van Buren, Martin, 97 98, 109 Van Cott, John, 239 wagon trains, 239, , , 257, Waite, Charles B., Walker company, 260 war and warfare among Indian tribes, Brigham Young on, 108 in Europe, 254 evolutions in, 8, 24, 29, 31, guerrilla, 35 36, 386, 393 John Taylor on, prophecy on, 52 reinterpretation of prophecy on, Washakie, 137 Watie, Stand, xi mourns Lincoln s assassination, neutrality of, , , , Patrick Connor on, 173 press coverage on, , , 281 Reconstruction s effects on, routes from Pacific Coast to, secession rumors surrounding, 83 90, statehood for, 77, , , Utah War s impact on, views on Civil War, Utah Valley, 205 Utah War camp followers in, cause of, 207 civilian leaders during, 3 6 V Van Der Voort, Paul, Vicksburg, Battle of, 35 W Watson, John, 190, 200n33 Watson, Lorenzo Dow Low, weaponry advancements in, 24, Utah War and, 8 Weber Military District, 154 welfare approach to Indian relations, Wells, Daniel H. and, 130, 131 Nauvoo Legion and, 146 press coverage on, 273 and revival of Nauvoo Legion, 143 Utah War and, 8 Civil War as condemnation for, 111, 112 Civil War enlistment and, fatalities in, 2 generals in, geographical consequences of, George H. Thomas s strategy in, impact of, 2 3 P. G. T. Beauregard s strategy in, Rufus Ingalls strategy in, societal forces set in motion by, soldiers in, 6 12 press coverage of, William C. Quantrill and, voluntary enlistment, 27 West, Chauncey W., 154 When We Were Boys in Blue, 335 Whig Party, 38n5, 62, 64 Wilcken, Charles H., Williams, Margaret, 290 Willis company, 260 Windemere (ship), 247 Woman s Relief Corps, Auxiliary to the Grand Army of the Republic, Woodruff, Wilford, 8, 112 Wright, George, 166, , 214 Wyoming, Nebraska,

11 Index 569 Y Yankees, galvanized, Yates, Richard E., 2 Young, Ann Eliza, Young, Brigham advises emigrants, anticipates Civil War, 115 arrest of, 180n73 on Civil War, 5, , 302 communication and transportation advancements and, 72 flagpole of, 178n26 Indian relations and, legacy of, 5 6 Zion, reclaiming Missouri as, and, , , Nauvoo Legion and, 153 Patrick Connor and, , polygamy and, , 309 press coverage on, replaced as Utah s governor, resumes governance of Utah, 4 Rufus Ingalls on, 390 Z Zouaves, 397n18 secession rumors surrounding, 87 90, 111 on slavery, 113, 123n46 Stephen A. Douglas and, 168 treason indictment against, 17n12 Young, Brigham, Jr., 120 Young, Joseph W., 249, 257 Young, Richard Whitehead, 5 Young, Seymour B., 330 Young, Willard, 5 6