HISTORY 101. Thematic

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1 HISTORY 101 Thematic

2 Themes of the Course: War Revolution Thought and Ideas Economics

3 Context: Part I: Ancient World (5000bc 500bc) Part II: Classical World (500bc 500ad) Part III: Medieval World ( )

4 Ancient World: War

5 Ancient World: War Nomads/Settled -> Chariots -> Assyria -> Persia

6 Nomads vs Settled Ppl

7 Nomadic Warfare and Effects:

8 Nomadic Warfare and Effects: Professional

9 Nomadic Warfare and Effects: Professional Horses

10 Nomadic Warfare and Effects: Professional Horses vs settled?

11 Nomadic Warfare and Effects: Professional Horses

12 Settled Peoples Solutions and Effects:

13 Settled Peoples Solutions and Effects: walls

14 Settled Peoples Solutions and Effects: walls = kings + govt power + taxes

15 Settled Peoples Solutions and Effects: walls = kings + govt power + taxes cities spread

16 Chariots: 2000bc - 612bc What is it?

17 Chariots: 2000bc - 612bc What is it? Advantage

18 Chariots: 2000bc - 612bc What is it? Advantage Disadvantage

19 Result only rich matter

20 Result only rich matter Near East Divided in 3: Babylon (Mesopotamia) Egypt (Nile River) Hittites (Mts/Minerals)

21 Chariots: 2000bc - 612bc Geography River Valley (sumarian cities) (babylon) (Egypt) Mountains (Hittite Tribes)

22 Bronze Age Collapse ( BC)

23 Assyrian Professional Army ( BC) Geography

24 Professionalization

25 Combined Arms

26 Exterminate!

27 Terrorism: Propoganda In strife and conflict I besieged [and] conquered the city. I felled 3,000 of their fighting men with the sword I captured many troops alive: I cut off of some their arms [and] hands; I cut off of others their noses, ears, [and] extremities. I gouged out the eyes of many troops. I made one pile of the living [and] one of heads. I hung their heads on trees around the city. Ashurnasirpal At the beginning of my royal rule, I the town of the Samarians I besieged, conquered [for the god ] who let me achieve this my triumph I led away as prisoners [27,290 inhabitants of it (and) equipped from among them 50 chariots for my royal corps. The town I rebuilt better than it was before and settled therein people from countries which I had conquered (samarians). I placed an officer of mine as governor over them and imposed upon them tribute as is customary for Assyrian citizens. (Nimrud Prism IV 25-41: Sargon II) : destruction 10 tribes: the original Shoah (catastrophe)

28 At the command of the god Ashur, the great Lord, I rushed upon the enemy like the approach of a hurricane...i put them to rout and turned them back. I transfixed the troops of the enemy with javelins and arrows. Humban-undasha, the commander in chief of the king of Elam, together with his nobles...i cut their throats like sheep...my prancing steeds, trained to harness, plunged into their welling blood as into a river; the wheels of my battle chariot were bespattered with blood and filth. I filled the plain with corpses of their warriors like herbage Sennacherib, Then I went into the country of Comukha, which was disobedient and withheld the tribute and offerings: I conquered the whole country. I plundered their movables, their wealth, and their valuables. Their cities I burnt with fire, I destroyed and ruined. The common people of Comukha, who fled before the face of my servants, crossed over to the city of Sherisha... I crossed the Tigris and took the city of Sherisha their stronghold. Their fighting men, in the middle of the forests, like wild beasts, I smote. Their carcasses filled the Tigris, and the tops of the mountains. At this time the troops of the Akhe, who came to the deliverance and assistance of Comukha, together with the troops of Comukha, like chaff I scattered. The carcasses of their fighting men I piled up like heaps on the tops of the mountains. The bodies of their warriors, the roaring waters carried down to the Tigris. Kili Teru son of Kali Teru, son of Zarupin Zihusun, their King, in the course of their fighting fell into my power. His wives and his children, the delight of his heart I dispossessed him of. One hundred and eighty iron vessels and 5 trays of copper, together with the gods of the people in gold and silver, and their beds and furniture I brought away. Their movables and their wealth I plundered. This city and its palace I burnt with fire, I destroyed and ruined. -Tiglath Pileser, the powerful King, the vanquisher of the disobedient, he who has swept the face of the earth. Tiglath Pileser, the illustrious warrior, the opener of the roads of the countries, the subjugator of the rebellious... he who has overrun the whole Magian world

29 Terrorism: Displays of Power Israel 725bc = genocide / 10 lost tribes Nineveh = capital city Great Library Advantages? Disadvantages?

30 Battle of Nineveh (612 BC) Nomadic horsemen (cavalry) + babylonian finances + revolt of everyone = total destruction of Assyrians.

31 Persian Imperial Army geography

32 Cyrus : 530s

33 Cyrus the Great

34 Cyrus : 530s Nice: Babylon, Lydia Jews in Babylonian Captivity

35 Persians Nice = Imperial Army Persian Cavalry + Conquered ppls in Native style

36 Effects and Results: size composition adv disadv

37 I.II: Revolution

38 Agricultural and Urban Revolution 6000bc: domestication of plants = Need Big Rivers = tigris/euphrates Nile Indus/Ganges Yellow/Yangtze

39 Advantages Disadvantages

40 Effects/Results: 1. People 2. Religion = Polytheism = Need Protection from Nature 3. Government = Kings

41 I.II: Revolution

42 Agricultural and Urban Revolution 6000bc: domestication of plants = Need Big Rivers =

43 Advantages Disadvantages

44 Effects/Results: 1. People 2. Religion = Polytheism 3. Government = Kings

45 I.II: Revolution

46 Agricultural and Urban Revolution 6000bc: domestication of plants = Need Big Rivers =

47 Advantages Disadvantages

48 Effects/Results: 1. People s lives + People

49 Effects/Results: 1. People lives + People 2. Religion = Polytheism = Need Protection from Nature

50 Effects/Results: 1. People lives + People 2. Religion = Polytheism = Need Protection from Nature 3. Government = Kings = Protection from each other = Protection from nomads = Protection from nature

51 Cosmopolitan Revolution of Babylon Hammurabi

52 Geography Tigris/Euphrates = natural city = cosmopolitian

53 Advantages size = vortex of ppl and stuff = $ on trade

54 Advantages size = vortex of ppl and stuff = $ on trade Diversity = knowledge + tech = bronze tools + lunar calendar + math (time) + gilgamesh

55 Disadv: diversity = language law/customs anonymous (more bad than good)

56 Hammurabi Solution: Law Code (who you are * what you did / who you did it to)

57 Noble Noble citizen citizen slave slave

58 advantages 1. king as protector (= legitimacy)

59 advantages 1. king as protector (= legitimacy) 2. end arguments = no romeo/juliet

60 advantages 1. king as protector (= legitimacy) 2. end arguments = no romeo/juliet 3. protect weak from strong (first time penalities)

61 advantages 1. king as protector (= legitimacy) 2. end arguments = no romeo/juliet 3. protect weak from strong (first time penalities) 4. protect rich (important) from the poor (laborers)

62 advantages 1. king as protector (= legitimacy) 2. end arguments = no romeo/juliet 3. protect weak from strong (first time penalities) 4. protect rich (important) from the poor (laborers) 5. creates new status for women = women protected by law but not subject to it = children not citizens

63 Jewish Monotheism

64 Polytheism

65 Polytheism expert gods in one thing = contracts

66 Polytheism expert gods in one thing = contracts gods are like super people = strengths/weaknesses + connection

67 Polytheism expert gods in one thing = contracts gods are like super people = strengths/weaknesses + connection relationship is transactional = protection (Odysseus)

68 Why is Jewish Monotheism a Revolution? transcendental god not physical/biological = disconnection

69 Relationship ppl with God insignificant ppl= special/chosen (self identity) (intermarry) (circumcision) (diet w/o pork) vs Babylon, vs Egypt E G Y P T

70 Relationship ppl with God relationship = emotional good (abraham, passover) E G Y P T bad (sodom, flood) = precarious world (god is with us! who can be against us?)

71 Morality god of all things? cares about?

72 Morality god of all things? cares about? 40 rules on diet 40 on sex 2 on thought in 10 commandments debt, hair, marriage, farming, slavery (good), polygamy (ok),

73 Morality god of all things? cares about? 40 rules on diet 40 on sex 2 on thought in 10 commandments debt, hair, marriage, farming, slavery (good), polygamy (ok), no changes! = advantages + disadvantages

74 Part I.III Thoughts and Ideas

75 Gilgamesh and how to live forever Nature of Kingship Mortality (flood as battle between gods)

76 Job and evil in monotheism

77 Problem

78 Solution Power = 128 lines = longest speech by god in bible /last in jewish scripture

79 Job 38King James Version (KJV) 38 Then the LORD answered Job out of the whirlwind, and said, 2 Who is this that darkeneth counsel by words without knowledge? 3 Gird up now thy loins like a man; for I will demand of thee, and answer thou me. 4 Where wast thou when I laid the foundations of the earth? declare, if thou hast understanding. 5 Who hath laid the measures thereof, if thou knowest? or who hath stretched the line upon it? 6 Whereupon are the foundations thereof fastened? or who laid the corner stone thereof; 7 When the morning stars sang together, and all the sons of God shouted for joy? 8 Or who shut up the sea with doors, when it brake forth, as if it had issued out of the womb? 9 When I made the cloud the garment thereof, and thick darkness a swaddlingband for it, 10 And brake up for it my decreed place, and set bars and doors, 11 And said, Hitherto shalt thou come, but no further: and here shall thy proud waves be stayed? 12 Hast thou commanded the morning since thy days; and caused the dayspring to know his place; 13 That it might take hold of the ends of the earth, that the wicked might be shaken out of it? 14 It is turned as clay to the seal; and they stand as a garment. 15 And from the wicked their light is withholden, and the high arm shall be broken. 16 Hast thou entered into the springs of the sea? or hast thou walked in the search of the depth? 17 Have the gates of death been opened unto thee? or hast thou seen the doors of the shadow of death? 18 Hast thou perceived the breadth of the earth? declare if thou knowest it all. 19 Where is the way where light dwelleth? and as for darkness, where is the place thereof, 20 That thou shouldest take it to the bound thereof, and that thou shouldest know the paths to the house thereof? 21 Knowest thou it, because thou wast then born? or because the number of thy days is great? 22 Hast thou entered into the treasures of the snow? or hast thou seen the treasures of the hail, 23 Which I have reserved against the time of trouble, against the day of battle and war? 24 By what way is the light parted, which scattereth the east wind upon the earth? 25 Who hath divided a watercourse for the overflowing of waters, or a way for the lightning of thunder; 26 To cause it to rain on the earth, where no man is; on the wilderness, wherein there is no man; 27 To satisfy the desolate and waste ground; and to cause the bud of the tender herb to spring forth? 28 Hath the rain a father? or who hath begotten the drops of dew? 29 Out of whose womb came the ice? and the hoary frost of heaven, who hath gendered it? 30 The waters are hid as with a stone, and the face of the deep is frozen. 31 Canst thou bind the sweet influences of Pleiades, or loose the bands of Orion? 32 Canst thou bring forth Mazzaroth in his season? or canst thou guide Arcturus with his sons? 33 Knowest thou the ordinances of heaven? canst thou set the dominion thereof in the earth? 34 Canst thou lift up thy voice to the clouds, that abundance of waters may cover thee? 35 Canst thou send lightnings, that they may go and say unto thee, Here we are? 36 Who hath put wisdom in the inward parts? or who hath given understanding to the heart? 37 Who can number the clouds in wisdom? or who can stay the bottles of heaven, 38 When the dust groweth into hardness, and the clods cleave fast together? 39 Wilt thou hunt the prey for the lion? or fill the appetite of the young lions, 40 When they couch in their dens, and abide in the covert to lie in wait? 41 Who provideth for the raven his food? when his young ones cry unto God, they wander for lack of meat.

80 1 Still speaking to Job, Yahweh said: 2 Is Yahweh's opponent going to give way? Has God's critic thought up an answer? 3 Job replied to Yahweh: 4 My words have been frivolous: what can I reply? I had better lay my hand over my mouth. 5 I have spoken once, I shall not speak again; I have spoken twice, I have nothing more to say. power vs justice did job give in...or...

82 David Hume: Is he willing to prevent evil, but not able? Then he is impotent. Is he able, but not willing? Then he is malevolent. Is he both able and willing? Whence then is evil? Kant, the book of Job shows that the problem of evil must remain an open wound. elie wiesel: Job learned that he lived in a world that was cold and cynical a world without true friends, but one, nevertheless, in which God seeks to join man in his solitude.

83 Egyptian Legitimacy

84 Blessings of Geography Nile + Deserts =

85 Problem of Legitimacy:

86 Solution: Old Kingdom ( bc)

87 Pyramids

88 No Slaves!!!!!!

89 Size Matters!

90 Size Matters! bigger = better king = (ex. Khufu) = more people working (100K) = more resources required (485 high vs 75 ) = more time as king (20 years) Adv? Disadv?

91 Solution: Middle Kingdom ( bc) adv disadv.

92 Middle Kingdom destroyed by Hyksos invasion (1600bc) Solution: New Kingdom ( bc)

94 Presence: Power: Position: Battle of Kadesh: Ramses II vs Hittites / Luxor temples

95 Problems: 1. cost 2. kings (Ahmose, Tutmose III, Ramses II) 3. bronze age collapse = sea barbarians

96 Trauma: New Kingdom and Hebrew Judah

97 Egypt:

98 Hyksos = Mesopotamian warrior pirates = crossed sinai, invaded lower egypt (delta) = killed pharaoh in battle, ended M.K., looted lower egypt, begin 2nd intermediate period = trauma!

99 Solution?

100 Hebrews: David's Psalm of Victory: 2 Samuel 22. monotheism =

101 Defeat = Trauma Assyrian Invasion of Israel 722 bc 930 Solomon s Kingdom Splits: Israel in North (richer, urbanized, populous, sophisticated, more Meso.) Judah in South (had Jerusalem, traditional)

102 725 bc: Assyria Destroys Israel = Ten Lost Tribes (depopulation)

103 725 BC: Assyria Destroys Israel = Ten Lost Tribes (depopulation) = trauma

104 725 BC: Assyria Destroys Israel = Ten Lost Tribes (depopulation) = trauma = religious explanation

105 725 BC: Assyria Destroys Israel = Ten Lost Tribes (depopulation) = trauma = religious explanation = punishment for not being Hebrew enough.

106 725 BC: Assyria Destroys Israel = Ten Lost Tribes (depopulation) = trauma = religious explanation = punishment for not being Hebrew enough. = conservatism = literal view of Law (great, judah should survive as small, conservative state in lrger empire) (nothing bad should ever happen again)

107 585. Babylon Destroys Jerusalem - destroy temple = babylonian captivity

108 585. Babylon Destroys Jerusalem - destroy temple = babylonian captivity = TRAUMA = Religious response

109 585. Babylon Destroys Jerusalem - destroy temple = babylonian captivity = TRAUMA = Religious response = Test

110 585. Babylon Destroys Jerusalem - destroy temple = babylonian captivity = TRAUMA = Religious response = Test = Cyrus (538)

111 Part 1:IV: Economics Rivers = agriculture

112 Egypt and Nile

113 Nile Floods for 3 months every year = 3-5 harvests per year = $ = egyptians wealthy

114 Trade

115 Displays of Wealth pharaoh + Nobility godlike military power

116 Hebrews = isolation Results: 1. homogenous culture 2. small 3. connections = problems

117 Phoenicia

118 Phoenicia = naval trade = connection = wealth for small people (best sailors, respected merchants, Tyre, Sidon = mercenary armies)

119 Phoenicia = naval trade = connection = culture = alphabet = ease literacy (25 interchangable vs pics) = corporations/contracts, glass, purple dye for clothes = colonization = spread culture to wider world = wider influence (Carthage NA, Spain = important into roman wrld)

120 End of Part 1

History 101. Camden County College

History 101. Camden County College History 101 Christopher Gennari Camden County College 1 Geography Religion Military Institutions Events and Culture 2 Nomadic Societies Hunt + Gather Light Farming + Stock Raising +Hunting Horse Breeding