10/2/2017. Chapter Three Kingdoms and Empires in the Middle East. Biblical References? Historic References?

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1 Chapter Three Kingdoms and Empires in the Middle East 1 Biblical References? Historic References? Trading Empires of the Ancient Middle East Aramaeans Damascus, Syria Rich Overland Trade Aramaic Language Language of Business of the Ancient Middle East 3 1

2 Phoenicians (Merchants of the Mediterranean) Modern Lebanon, Israel, Jordan Canaanites of the Bible Rich Overseas Trade 4 6 2

3 Phoenicians (Merchants of the Mediterranean) Modern Lebanon, Israel, Jordan Canaanites of the Bible Rich Overseas Trade Loose confederation of City States Tyre (most influential), Sidon Byblos Colonies throughout the Mediterranean Carthage greatest colony Overshadow s Tyre

4 Phoenicians (Merchants of the Mediterranean) Modern Lebanon, Israel, Jordan Canaanites of the Bible Rich Overseas Trade Loose confederation of City States Tyre (most influential), Sidon Byblos Colonies throughout the Mediterranean Carthage greatest colony Overshadow s Tyre Excellent sailors Maritime technology Exchange of goods and products (bartering) Business practices Alphabet (See Next Slide) 10 Evolution of the Phoenician Alphabet

5 What is going on? Note the products! The Color Purple! 13 The Lydian's Western Asia Minor Modern Turkey Gold Deposits Midas? Develop a regional trade center Sardis Introduce concept of money Coinage -- Stater Set values for goods King Croesus

6

7 Ancient Land of the Israelites Land of Canaan Abraham Yahweh Judaism Settle in the area of Canaan Land of Milk and Honey Share with Philistines & Phoenicians early Canaanites Migration to Egypt 12 Tribes Moses 19 Land of Canaan Abraham Yahweh Judaism Settle in the area of Canaan Land of Milk and Honey Share with Philistines & Phoenicians early Canaanites Migration to Egypt 12 Tribes Moses Exodus / Return to Canaan Lack of Unity - Judges Fight among the Canaanites for control of area Establishment of Kingdom Saul Unites Israel David Jerusalem Solomon Temple 20 The Temple at the Time of Solomon 21 7

8

9 Ancient Land of the Israelites Establishment of Kingdom Saul Unites Israel David Jerusalem Solomon Temple Breakup of the Kingdom 10 Tribes / North = Israel 2 Tribes / South = Judah (Jerusalem) King David s Palace

10 Invasion from the North Assyrians 722 BC Sennacherib Nineveh Israel Ten Tribes of the North are conquered Lost Tribes of Israel? Chaldeans 586 BC (Neo-Babylonians) Nebuchadnezzar Judah Two tribes to the South are conquered Babylonian Captivity The Jewish culture is organized 28 Babylon 586 BC Babylon Today 29 Cyrus II Conquers Babylon Persian Empire Begins Releases the Jews to return to Judea / Israel Diaspora Torah is created 1 st Five Books of the Bible Jews rebuild the Temple Lasting Legacy Christianity Islam 30 10

11

12 34 35 Hittites Asia Minor Modern Turkey Anatolia Plateau Well Organized Kingdom Regional Superpower Clay Tablets Iron Weapons Three Man Chariots Society included elements from Mesopotamia Egypt Less harsh legal system 36 12

13 The Hittite Empire Ancient Turkey Modern Turkey 37 Hattusas The Hittite Capital City 38 Hittite Capital at Hattusas 39 13

14 Hittite Capital at Hattusas The Assyrians -- Nineveh 42 14

15 Assyrians Northern Mesopotamia Nineveh Capital City Tigris River Build powerful kingdom 900 BC Army Dominant power Foot Soldiers Chariots Cavalry Harsh Overlords Well Organized Empire Provinces Governors Road Networks Clay Tablet Library -- 22,000 discovered! King Sennacherib Bible (Old Testament) Ancient Middle East Exhibit British Museum London, England 45 15

16

17 Chaldeans (Neo-Babylonians) Successors to the Mesopotamian Empires Last of the Mesopotamian Empires Capital City Babylon Nebuchadnezzar Hanging Gardens Kingdom of Judah 586 BC Babylonian Exile Fall to the Persians 539 BC Cyrus II Builds huge empire to the east Moves to west capturing nations Allows Jews to return to Judea (Biblical Account!)

18 52 53 Persian Empire Cyrus II Defeats Chaldeans Builds huge empire Egypt in west to India in the east Darius I Well organized good administrator Provinces governors Satraps Inspectors Four Capital Cities Persepolis, Susa, Babylon, Sardis Royal Road Dispatch riders Neither rain nor snow nor gloom of night stays these couriers from their appointed rounds

19 Tomb of Cyrus the Great Pasargadae, Iran Built in the shape of a Ziggurat! 55 Darius I Vainglorious Imagery

20 Persepolis Capital of the Persian Empire 58 Gate of All Lands Entry Way to the Palace 59 Entry way to the Great Hall for the Audience with the King 60 20

21 King s Audience Hall 65 in Height 61 Darius I and the Greeks Persian disaster 490 BC 480 BC (Xerxes) Persian Culture Conquered peoples retained their own cultures Tolerant rulers (Jews return to homeland) 62 Persian Religion Zoroaster (Greek name) Good vs. Evil Final Judgment Impact on Christianity? Impact on Islam? Impact on Judaism? Today, Approximately 4 million Iranians are Zoroastrians Live in south-east Iran Some live in India Known as the Parsees 63 21

22 Naqsh-I Rustam (Near Persepolis) Home of the Sacred Perpetual Flame 64 22

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