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1 Time : 3 Hours Maximum Marks : 100 HISTORY Karnataka PUE, II PUC Solution to Question Paper 6 1. The word ''Indian'' is derived from the Greek word ''Indos'' Iron ''Rigveda'' Kanishka Rajaraja Chola-I Alla-ud-din Hasan Gangu Bahmani Shah Dwaita Philosophy Pondicherry Dadabai Naoroji S. Nijalingappa Maski, Raichur Doab, Cauvery Basin, Bellary in Karnataka, Salem and Tiruanalveli in Tamilnadu, Hederabad and Karnul in Andhra Pradesh, Kathewar in Gujarat, Sindh and Baluchistan in Pakistan (Any two) Gargi, Maitreyi, Shaswathi and Lopamudra. (Any two) Krishna-I built the Kailasanatha temple at Ellora Vikramaditya-VI started the Vikarama era in 1076 CE Talakadugonda, Kadanaprachanda, Kanchigonda, Viraganga, Maleperulgonda, Mahamandeshwara, Satyaratnakara, Veeranarayana, Chalukya Mani, Mandalika-Chidamani, Tatpada padmo Pajivin. (Any two) (i) Chauth, (ii) Sardeshmukhi Mulla Nusrat and Ferishta Shivaguru and Aryambha Satara, Jaipur, Sambalpur, Udaipur, Jhansi, Nagpur, Coorg, Tanjore, Bhagatpur. (Any two) (i) There was no common aim among the rebels. Lack of Unity lack of leadership, lack of arms, lack of proper organization, mutual hatred and suspicion were the reasons for the failure of the revolt. (ii) The British fully utilised scientific development like modern weapons telegraphs, railways, postal etc. to collect information quicker then the Indian soldiers and were ready for proper action. (iii) The Indian kings were supporting the British and the general public did not fully get involved and support the rebels In Bombay and Madras presidencies, the Ryot or cultivator was recognized as the owner of the land on the condition that he pays the land revenue regularly to the government at 50% of the total income. This was known as Ryotwari system Prabhuddha (English newspaper), Udbhodana (Bengali newspaper). 2

2 2 OSWAAL Karnataka PUE, Sample Question Papers, History, II PUC 23. Archaeological sources are the remains of past human life and activities, which are found in excavations. These sources provide us with valuable and useful informations to reconstruct the history. (i) Excavations : Excavation is the scientific digging of earth. Excavations are the sole sources of Indus Valley Civilization. Excavations at many places, have provided an insight into the social, cultural and religious lives of people. (ii) Monuments : They are the structures or sites of historical importance. Forts, palaces, caves, temples, basadis, statues, stupas, etc. help us to understand the cultural heritage of India. (iii) Coins : Coins help us to understand the period, dynasty, economic condition, religion, script and languages. They also give information regarding metallurgy, artistic abilities, titles, trade relations and extent of the empire. (iv) Paintings : The paintings of various periods give us most vivid pictures of cultural, social and religious aspects. The paintings in Ajanta depict the pictures of royal class, dance, dress, hair styles, celebrations etc. (v) Inscriptions : They are the most valuable reliable sources. Inscriptions are engraved on stones, rocks, walls, terracota seals, iron pillars and copper plates in various languages like Sanskrit, Pali, Prakrit, Telugu, Tamil, Kannada, etc. They contain details regarding events, sale deeds, donations, victories of kings etc Town Planning of Indus Valley Civilisation : Town planning was a unique feature of Indus Civilization. Indus people were the first to build planned cities, which had citadels to the west and the hub of residential area to the east. Both were surrounded by massive brick walls. Streets : Streets were straight and cut each other at right angles. These were 13 to 34 feet wide and were well lined. Lamp posts at intervals and dustbin on streets are found. Drainage System : Each house had its own drainage and soak pits and were connected to the public drainage. Brick laid channels flowed through every street. Large brick culverts were constructed on the outskirts of city to carry excess water. Buildings : They built more than one storied house of burnt bricks. It contained pillared halls, bath rooms, paved floors, kitchen and a well. There were public wells by the streets. They also built a dockyard at Lothal His achievements are as follows : Conquest of Punjab : Under the guidance of Chanakya, Chandra Gupta defeated petty ruler of Punjab and captured it. Conquest of Magadha : After Punjab, he marched against Magadha. He killed Dhanananda and laid the foundation of Mauryan empire. War with Alexander s representatives : Alexander captured the north western parts of India and had nominated representatives to rule over there. Chandra Gupta defeated all of them and annexed the territories to his empire. War with the Seleucus : After Alexander s death Seleucus became the master of the Greek empire over Central Asia. In 305 BCE when he attacked India, Chandra Gupta defeated him. Treaty with Seleucus : Seleucus had to conclude a treaty and gave Afghanistan, Kandhar and Baluchistan to Chandra Gupta and gave his daughter in marriage to him. Chandra Gupta presented him 500 elephants Achievements of Harshavardhana are as follows : (i) Kanauj : Deva Gupta of Malwa imprisoned Rajashri, sister of Harshvardhan at Kanauj. Harshavardhana saved her, conquered Kanauj and made it his second capital. (ii) Conquest of Ganjam and Gaudadesha (Bengal) : Harshavardhana attacked Shashanka, but could not defeat him completely. After the death of Shashanka, Harshavardhana won Ganjam and Bengal.

3 3 (iii) Conquest of North Indian Kingdoms : He estabilshed his supremecy by defeating Nepal and North Indian Kingdoms. He took the title Uttarapatheshwara. (iv) Religious Council : He conducted huge Buddhist Council at Kanauj and a conference Maha Moksha Parishad at Prayag. He wrote dramas named Ratnawali, Priyadarshika and Naga Nanda in Sanskrit Literature : Mughal literary works are in Turkish, Persian, Sanskrit and Hindi languages. Babur wrote Baburnama. Ramayana, Mahabharatha, Panchatantra and Upnishads were translated from Sanskrit to Persian. Ain-i-Akbari, Akbarnama, Humayunama, Farhang-i-Jahangir are important work in Persian language. Padmavathi, Satsai, Ramcharitha Manas, and Sursagar are in Hindi. Architecture : Mughals were great builders. Important features of architecture are domes, tall pillars, arches, minars, gateways with domes. Important monuments are Kabul Baugh, Buland Darwaza, Panchamahal, Jodhabai s palace, Diwan-i-Aam, Diwan-i-Khas, Taj Mahal, Moti Masjid, Red fort etc. Shahjahan s period is called Golden age of Mughal architecture. He built Taj Mahal, which is one of the seven-wonders of the world. Art : The Mughal period painting greatly developed and combined both native and foreign elements. Jahanagjr was himself an expert painter and Ustad Mansur, Murad were famous painters in his court. Portrait and miniature painting were developed during his period. Music developed during Mughal period. Babur, Jahangir and Shahjahan were good singers and composed many lyrics Refer Solution to SQP-4 Ans Refer Solution to SQP-3 Ans Tipu Sultan ascended the throne in 1782 after the death of Hyder Ali, with the title Nawab Tipu Sultan Bahadur. He continued the II Anglo-Mysore War. This war ended with the Treaty of Mangalore in He fought the III Anglo-Mysore War from He sent delegations to France, Turkey and Afghanistan with a request for help against British seige of Travancore but could not get help from any foreign countries. This war ended with the Treaty of Srirangapattana. Tipu refused to sign the Subsidiary Alliance. So Wellesely declared war. IV Anglo-Mysore war was fought. Tipu died fighting in this war on 4 th May He was very brave, so he got the title Tiger of Mysore (a) Badami : The early name of Badami was Vatapi and it was the capital of the Chalukyas. It is famous for rock-cut cave temples. It is in Bagalkote district of Karnataka. (b) Pataliputra : It was the capital of Bihar State, now called as Patna, which is on the Banks of the river Ganga. It was the capital of the Magadha Empire, the Mauryas and the Guptas rulers ruled there. (c) Halebeedu : It s early name was Dwarasamudra and it was the capital of the Hoysalas. The Hoysaleshwara and Shantaleshwara temples are found here. It is in Hassan district of Karnataka. (d) Delhi : It is presently the capital of India, located on the banks of river Jamuna. It was the capital of the Delhi Sultanate and the Mughals. Many monuments like Qutub Minar, Red Fort, Jami Masjid etc., are located here. (e) Hampi : It is situated on the banks of river Tungabhadra (Bellary). It was the capital of the Vijayanagara Empire. Virupakha temple, Vijayavittalaswamy temple, Stone chariot etc. are the noteworthy monuments here. (f) Calcutta : It is the capital of West Bengal, situated on the banks of river Hoogli. Calcutta was the first Capital of the British in India. Swami Vivekananda established the Ramakrishna Mission at Belur near Calcutta. (g) Meerut : It is in Uttar Pradesh. The First War of Indian Independence started at Meerut. The sepoy broke out into open revolt against the British on 10 th May (h) Bombay : It is the capital of Maharashtra. It was the main British settlement in India. The first session of the Indian National Congress was held here in 1885.

4 4 OSWAAL Karnataka PUE, Sample Question Papers, History, II PUC I NDIA Meerut Delhi Patliputra Calcutta Bombay Badami Hampi Halebeedu 5 Part E 32. Refer Solution to SQP-4, Ans Achievements of Alla-ud-din Khilji : I. Conquest of North India : (i) Conquest of Gujarat (1297 CE) : Generals of Alla-ud-din Khilji attacked Gujarat and looted wealth. King Karnadeva with his daughter fled to Devagiri, but his queen Kamaladevi was captured and Alla-ud-din Khilji married her. During this expedition an eunuch named Malik Kafur was purchased for one thousand dinars, hence he was called Hazar Dinari. (ii) Conquest of Ranthambore (1301 CE) : Raja Hamira Deva, ruler of Ranthambore, had given shelter to some Neo Muslims. This offended Alla-ud-din. Alla-ud-din s army attacked and captured it and Hamira Deva died in this battle. (iii) Conquest of Mewar (Chittor) (1303 CE) : Alla-ud-din attacked on Chittor to carry away Padmini the beautiful wife of Rana Ratan Singh. When Chittor was captured, Padmini and other Rajput women committed Jauhar. (iv) Other Conquest : Malwa, Ujjain, Mandu, Dhar, Chanderi and Jolur were conquered in north India. (v) The Mongol Raids : Frequent raids by the Mongols with the help of Neo Muslims were a constant threat to the empire. Alla-ud-din took measures like building roads and forts, garrison at regular intervals, stationing sufficient trained soldiers, mercilessly massacring Neo Muslims, etc. to face the Mongol raids. II. Conquest of South India : South Indian expedition of Alla-ud-din Khilji were as follows : (i) Expedition to Devagiri (1307 CE) : Ramchandradeva, King of Devagiri gave shelter to Karnadeva and had not paid annual tribute for three years. Alla-ud-din sent Malik Kafur, who defeated Ramchandra and Ramchandra agreed to pay an annual tribute.

5 5 (ii) Warrangal Expedition (1309 CE) : Malik Kafur besieged the fort of Warrangal. King Prataparudradeva sued for peace. Golden statue of king Prataparudradeva, 100 elephants, 7000 horses, gold, silver, jewels and money were carried away to Delhi by Malik Kafur. Amir Khusrau says Malik Kafur proceeded to Delhi with booty on a thousand camels, groaning under the weight of treasure. (iii) Conquest fo Dwarasamudra (1310 CE) : Malik Kafur attacked Vira Ballala III of Dwarasamudra (Halebeedu). Veera Ballala III surrendered some elephants, horses and treasure and offered to pay annual tribute. (iv) Conquest of Madurai (1311 CE) : Malik Kafur marched towards Madurai and plundered all important towns and temples on the way to Pandya kingdom. (v) Second Expedition on Devagiri (1321 CE) : Shankaradeva of Devagiri had withheld the tribute. Malik Kafur attacked and killed him. Devagiri was annexed to the Delhi empire Allauddin Khilji had an ambition to conquer whole world but had to be satisfied in conquering the entise India. III. Reforms of Alla-ud-din-Khilji : Alla-ud-din Khilji is known for his reforms, which are as follows : Administrative Reforms : He setup a strong central government. He took various measures to reform administration such as restricting matrimonial relations among nobles and officers, prohibiting secret meetings and parties, appointing spies to keep an eye on them. Confiscating their excess wealth, prohibiting wine and gambling and himself refraining from them and preventing the interference of Ulemas in administration. Military Reforms : (i) He introduced the system of branding of horses (Dagh) and maintenance of descriptive register of soldiers to prevent false musters and corrupt practices. (ii) He abolished the jagir system and paid salaries in cash. He paid 234 tankas a year to soldier with an additional 78 tankas for a soldier maintaining two horses. (iii) Aariz-i-Mamlik was in charge of the appointment of soldiers. Revenue Reforms : (i) He introduced scientific method of measurement of land. (ii) He imposed heavy taxes on the Sardars, Jagirdars and Ulemas. Jazia, octroi and pilgrim tax were imposed on non- muslims. (iii) Special post called Mustakhraj was created to collect land revenue and salaries were increased to check bribery and corruption among revenue officials. (vi) To safeguard the peasant from the demands of corrupt revenue officials he imposed strict punishments. Economic Reforms : (i) Prices of all articles of common use were fixed in all towns and capital. (ii) Separate department and special officers were appointed to regulate the market. (iii) Grains were stored in government granaries for the time of scarcity and famine. (iv) Any trader or vendor, who cheated in weights and measurements were punished with cutting of an equal weight of flesh from his body Refer Solution to SQP-3, Ans Refer Solution to SQP-3, Ans. 35. Part F 36. (a) Hieun tsang Si-yu-ki 1 (b) Raja Ram Mohan Roy Brahmo Samaja 1 (c) Bahadur Shah II Last Badshah of Mughals 1 (d) Ranna Gadayuddha 1 (e) Mahmud Gawan Madarasa (a) Advent of Aryans to India (2000 BCE). 1 (b) Construction of Golgumbaz ( CE). 1 (c) Shivaji's Cornation (1674 CE). 1 (d) Macaulay's Minute (1855 CE). 1 (e) Belgaum Congress Session (1924 CE). 1 qqq

6 Time : 3 Hours Maximum Marks : 100 HISTORY Karnataka PUE, II PUC Solution to Question Paper 7 1. Ashwaghosha Iron Mound of the dead ''Rig veda'' Amir Khusrau Chhatrapati Advaita Philosophy Guru Granth Sahib or Adigrantha Tipu Sultan Indian National Army Nalanda, Takshashila, Ujjain, Prayag, Vikaramshilla, Kashi, Kanchi etc. (Any two) Ajmer in Rajasthan, Sabarmati Basin in Gujarat, Ahmadnagar in Maharashtra, Sangankallu in Bellary district and Brahmagiri in Chitradurga district of Karnataka. (Any two) Harappa, Mohenjodaro, Ropar, Lothal, Kalibangan, Dholavira, Chanhudaro, Alamgirpur, Surkotada, Rangpur, Kotiji, Banamali, etc. (Any two) (i) The river must have changed their course and ruined the cities. 2 (ii) Continuous floods might have led to the erosion of the soil and destruction of life. 2 (iii) Over exploitation of the land might have turned it barren. 2 (iv) The decreased rainfall must have turned the land into desert. 2 (v) The wealth of the Indus might have attracted barbaric invaders. Aryan invader also seems to be a plausible reason. (Any two) Shwetambaras and Digambars Prabhakara Vardana and Yashomati Shahjahan built Taj Mahal at Agra First capital was Gulbarga and second was Bidar Madarasa and Madalambike Pondicherry, Surat, Mahe, Chandranagore, Karaikal, Yavam, Balsore. etc. (Any two) Lala Lajpat Rai, Bipin Chandra Pal and Bal Gangadhar Tilak. (Any two) Jawahar Lal Nehru, Vallababhai Patel and Pattabi Sitharamiah. (Any two) 2

7 7 23. Special features of Indian History : These are as follows : (i) Continuity of Civilization and Culture : India has 4000 years of continuous history and continuity of civilization and culture like China. (ii) Evolution in phases : Its civilization has developed in various stages. We find a connecting chain of events from Indus to Vedic, Vedic to Islamic and Christian influences. (iii) Foreign Invasions : Greeks, Persian, Huns, Shakas, Arabs, Turks, Kushans, Afghans and the English have infiltrated into India and left a deep impact. (iv) Dominant and tolerant Hindu faith : India is a home for Hindus, Jains, Buddhists, Sikhs, Muslims, Christians and several other tribal faiths and practices. (v) Contribution to the world : Indians have given noteworthy contributions in the field of literature, philosophy, music, dance, architecture, sculpture, science, yoga, medicine, mathematics, astronomy and education. (vi) Attraction for foreigners : Places of scenic beauty, hill stations, the Himalayas, Kashmir Valley, the national parks, beaches and historical monuments attract tourist from all over the world. (vii) Unity in diversity : India has physical, racial, linguistic, social, religious and economic diversity. There are many unifying forces that have kept India united Mauryan administration : Mauryans were first to establish uniform administrative system throughout their empire. The Central Government consists of : (i) King : King was the chief head of legislative, executive, judicial and military powers. King was bound by Dharma. (ii) Mantri Parishad : It was the council of ministers, who assisted the king in the administration. Ministers were appointed by the king. Each minister was incharge of one or more departments. (iii) Secretarial : Administrative matters of the central government were divided into 30 departments, each under a suprintendent. (iv) Administration of Justice : They had two types of courts called Dharmastheyas (civil cases) and Kantakashodana (criminal cases). Punishments were such as beheading and amputation of limbs. (v) Revenue Administration : Taxes were levied on professions, houses, cattle, livestock, forest products and sales tax, etc. Land revenue was the main source of income, which was 1/6th of the produce. (vi) Provincial Government : The empire was divided in five provinces. Each province had governor. Provinces were divided into districts and governed by Sthanikas. Gramika was the head of villages. (vii) City Administration : The city administration was entrusted to a committee of thirty members, divided into six boards of five each. They looked after roads, markets, hospitals, temples, schools, water supply etc. (viii) Military Administration : The war office was administered by six boards, each consisting of five members. e.g. (a) Navy, (b) Transport, (c) Infantry, (d) Cavalry, (e) Chariots, (f) Elephant force Chief characteristics of the Gandhara School of Art : These are as follows. (i) In this school of art the life size statues of Gautama Buddha were carved. Until then the Buddhist existence was shown in the form of symbols like lotus, umbrella etc. (ii) While carving the statues utmost care was given to the symmetry of the body including the muscles and moustaches which were shown in the natural settings. (iii) In the specimens of the craftsmanship of this art the folds and turns of the clothes were exhibited with minute care and skill. (iv) In this art, the ornaments that were carved on the statues received much attention which added to the physical beauty of the statue. (v) The specimens were mostly prepared on stone, terracotta and clay. Polishing the statues is an important feature of this art.

8 8 OSWAAL Karnataka PUE, Sample Question Papers, History, II PUC (vi) The technique used in making the statues was Greek, but the idea inspiration and personality all were Indian Village administration of the Cholas : Village administration was an important feature of Chola administration. Elected representatives looked after village administration who were elected through Kuduvalai (Lucky Draw) system. The names of the candidates were written on palm leaves and put in a pot then a small boy was asked to pick leaves in the presence of villagers. Thus representatives were elected. Annual Committee, Garden Committee and Tank Bund Committee were called Variyam and worked for 360 days. Elected representatives were called Variya Perumakkal and worked in these committees. The village committees protected village property, collected taxes and protected temples, lakes, groves and forests. The central administration did not interfere in the village administration unnecessarily Shivaji s conquest are as follows : (i) Conquest of Forts of Adil Shah : Shivaji captured many forts of Torana, Chakana, Kondana, Simhagad and Purandhara from Adil Shah of Bijapura. He occupied the region of Javali and built fort of Pratapagadha. (ii) Shivaji and Afzal Khan : Sultan of Bijapura sent Afzal Khan against Shivaji. Shivaji very tactfully killed Afzal Khan and looted his camp. (iii) Shivaji and Aurangzeb : Shivaji conquered many territories of Aurangzeb. Aurangzeb sent Shaista Khan, who occupied Maratha territory. Shivaji attacked Shaista Khan. Khan lost his fingers. This increased the fame of Shivaji. (iv) Attack on Surat : Shivaji attacked and plundered Surat, by this, he collected one crore rupees. (v) Conquest of Surrendered Fort : Due to the Treaty of Purandhara, Shivaji visited Mughal court, where Aurangzeb insulted and imprisoned him. He got away and reached his kingdom. Afterwards Shivaji looted Surat twice and conquered all of Surrendered Fort Kabir CE : Kabir was brought up by a Muslim weaver. He was a disciple of Ramananda. He tried to unite Hindus and Muslims. He said that Allah and Rama were names of the same God. God could be neither found in a temple nor in a mosque but only in the hearts of his devotees. His devotional composition are in the form of Doha. Gurunanak CE : Gurunanak is the founder of Sikhism. He preached the brotherhood of mankind. He was against the idol worship, caste system, sati and exploitation of the poor by the priests and upper class. He got enlightenment at the age of 30 at a place near Sultanpur. His disciples were called Sikhs. Gurugranth Sahib is holy book of Sikhs which is in Gurumukhi script The Drain of Wealth or Drain Theory : The British forced Indian farmers to produce commercial crops like cotton, sugar cane, tea, indigo, etc. which were in great demand in European and American markets. The British deliberately did not start industries in India. They converted India into a source for raw materials and markets for finished products. Artisans and craftsmen had turned into agricultural labourers to work at starving wages. The flow of Indian wealth and resources to England without getting equal economic and material profit or benefit is known as Drain of Wealth or Drain theory. The wealth of India was also drained due to excess taxes on Indian goods and less taxes on British products Swami Vivekananda : Swami Vivekananda was born on January 12th 1863 at Calcutta. Vishwanathadatta and Bhuvaneshwari Devi were his parents. Narendranathadatta was his original name. He became disciple of Ramkrishna Paramahamsa. In the conference in 1893 at Chicago, he, as representative of Hinduism, addressed people as Brothers and Sisters. This won over the hearts of people. He established Vedanta Samaja in America and European countries. Swami Vivekananda founded Ramakrishana Mission in 1897 at Belur Math in Bengal. It runs hospitals, orphanages and old age homes, and serves the people in the time of floods, famines, earthquake etc. Its branches have been established all over the world. He preached tolerance, equality and co-operation among the people of all faiths. He gave importance to education, emancipation of women and eradication of poverty. Vivekananda is called the Patriotic saint of India. He published English news paper Prabhuddha Bharata and a Bengali newspaper Udbhodhana. 5

9 9 31. (a) Harappa : It is one of the important sites of Indus Civilization. It is located on the banks of the river Ravi, now in Montegomary district of Punjab in Pakistan. Dayaram Sahani excavated this site in The Great Granary is an important building found here. (b) Pataliputra : It was the capital of Bihar State, now called as Patna, which is on the Banks of the river Ganga. It was the capital of the Magadha Empire, the Mauryas and the Gupta rulers ruled there. (c) Delhi : It is presently the capital of India, located on the banks of river Jamuna. It was the capital of the Delhi Sultanate and the Mughals. Many monuments like Qutub Minar, Red Fort, Jami Masjid etc., are located here. (d) Calcutta : It is the capital of West Bengal, situated on the banks of river Hoogli. Calcutta was the first capital of the British in India. Swami Vivekanada established the Ramakrishna Mission at Belur near Calcutta. (e) Srirangapattana : It is located on the banks of river Cauvery and is in the Mandya district. It was the capital of the early Wodeyars of Mysore, Hyder Ali and Tipu Sultan. The town contains many historical monuments like the Fort, Daria Daulat place, Lalbag, Tombs of Hyder and Tipu, Ranganatha Temple etc. (f) Kanchi : It is near Chennai in Tamil Nadu. It was the capital of the Pallavas. The city is famous for Shaiva and Vaishanava temples. The famous Kamakshi temple is located here. (g) Badami : The early name of Badami was Vatapi and it was the capital of the Chalukyas. It is famous for rock-cut cave temples. It is in Bagalkote district of Karnataka. (h) Devagiri : It is in Maharastra. All-ud-din-Khilji led many expeditions on Devagiri. Mohammad- Bin-Tughalak shifted his capital from Delhi to Devagiri for a short while. Devagiri was renamed as Daulatabad. 5 Harappa I NDIA Delhi Patliputra Calcutta Devagiri Badami Srirangapattana Kanchi 5

10 10 OSWAAL Karnataka PUE, Sample Question Papers, History, II PUC Part E 32. Gupta age is called the Golden Age in the Indian history. European writers compared it with the age of Pericles of Greece and Queen Elizabeth of England. The achievements in the Gupta age are as follows : Revival of Hinduism : The Hindu religion became the state religion of Guptas, yet they were tolerant towards Buddhism and Jainism. They worshipped Vishnu, Shiva and Durga. They performed Vedic rituals like Ashwameda, Vajapeya and Rajsuya yagas. Many Vishnu temples were constructed in this age. Education : Education greatly flourished under the Guptas. There were a number of universities such as Takshashila, Nalanda, Ajantha and Saranath, which attracted foreign students as well. The subjects were puranas, literature, philosophy, arithmetic, astrology and science. Literature : Religious literature, including the Vedas were brought into writing during this period. This is the Golden Age of sanskrit literature. Kalidasa was one of the greatest scholars of Ancient India, wrote dramas like Malvikagnimithra, and Vikramorvashiya, epics like Raghuvamsha and Kumarasambhava and poems like Meghaduta and Rithusamhara. Important scholars and their words : (i) Shudraka Mrichakatika (ii) Danti Kavyadrasha and Dashakumaracharita. (iii) Vishakadatta Mudrarakshasa and Devichandraguptam. (iv) Bhavabuthi Uttaramacharita (v) Charaka Charaka Samhitha. (vi) Sushruta Sushruta Samhitha. (vii) Amarasimha Amarakosha. Science and Technology : Tremendous progress was achieved in the field of science and technology. Aryabhatta the great astronomer told how the earth revolves on its axis and how lunar and solar eclipse occur. Brahmagupta showed the importance of zero. Dhanvantari was regarded as the Father of Indian Medicine (Ayurveda). The iron pillar in Delhi is an out standing example of their metallurgical skill. Art and Architecture The basic structural features of Indian temple architechture were developed during the Guptas. Dashavatara temple of Devgarh, temple of Bittirgaon were built in this period. They built many cave temple. Buddha s statue of 7½ feet height, now in Birmingham museum, was built in the Gupta period. The Gupta s painting of Mother and Child in cave XVII is quite realistic and beautiful among the Ajantha paintings Achievements of Pulikeshi II : Pulikeshi s uncle Mangalesha tried to bring his son to power. Pulikeshi II killed Mangalesha and came to the throne in 609 CE. Pulakeshi II defeated Rashtrakuta chiefs, Appayika ran away and Govinda surrendered to him. He won Banavasi, the capital of Kadambas. He defeated Mauryas of Konkana Alypas of South Canara and Gangas of Talakadu. He defeated rulers of Lata (Gujarata), Malwa and Gujaras and appointed his brother as a head of Gujarata branch. Pulikeshi II defeated Harshavardhana and took title Parameshwara. Rulers of south Kosala and Kalinga surrendered to him. He conquered Vengimandala and appointed his another brother as king of Vengi province. Pulikeshi invaded Kanchi and defeated Pallava ruler Mahendra Verman I, which was the beginning of Pallava - Chalukya conflicts. Then he defeated Chola and Chera rulers and received tribute from them. Pulikeshi II invaded Kanchi to conquer it, but Narasimhavarman-I defeated Pulikeshi. It is believed that Pulikeshi II died in this battle. Pulikeshi was one of the greatest ruler of Ancient India. Hiuen tsang has called Pulikeshi II as a very valiant emperor. His empire extended upto the Narmada (North), Mysore (South), Bay of Bengal (east) and Arabian sea (west). Persian king Khusru II and Pulikeshi II exchanged ambassadors. Ambassador gave painting to Pulikeshi II, which can be seen in cave no.1 at Ajantha. He had titles like Dakshinapatheshwara, Maharajadhiraja, Parameshwara. Pruthvivallabha and Satyashraya. 10

11 (a) Military achievements of Akbar are as follow : (i) Second Battle of Panipat : Hemu, the Prime Minister of Bengal's king captured Delhi, when Akbar was in Punjab. Akbar fought Second Battle of Panipat against Hemu. Bairam Khan killed Hemu, and Akbar reoccupied Delhi. (ii) Conquest of Gondwana and Gujarat : Akbar sent Asaf Khan to Gondwana. He killed Rani Durgawati and captured Gondwana. Akbar occupied Gujarat for its wealth and prosperity and built Fatehpur near Sikri in memory of Gujarat conquest. (iii) Conquest of other states : After death of Hakim Mirza, Akbar annexed Kabul and later Kashmir also. Akbar conquered Bengal, Orissa, Bidar, Khandesh, Ahmed Nagar, Golkonda and Bijapur. (iv) Rajput policy : Rajputs were powerful enemies, therefore Akbar tried to win their support by relations, friendly matrimonial alliances and appointing them as Mansabdars. Only Mewar refused to accept Akbar s overloadship. Akbar fought battle of Haldighati and defeated Rana Pratap Singh and captured Mewar. (b) Akbar s administration : Akbar s administration was centralized. King was the fountain head of all the powers. Emperor had a cabinet of ministers, who helped him in administration. (i) Mansabdari system : Akbar introduced Mansabdari system. The word Mansab means rank. There were various ranks of Mansabdars who commanded 10 to soldiers. (ii) Revenue system : Akbar setup an excellent revenue system. Land was measured on the basis of fertility of soil as Polaj, Parauti, Chahar, Banjar. Revenue was 1/3rd of the average produce, it could be paid in cash to king. (c) Religious policy : Akbar was the most liberal monarch in medieval India. He abolished Jaziya and pilgrimage taxes. He took part in Hindu festivals. He prohibited child marriages, sati and encouraged widow remarriages. To unite the people of different faiths he founded new religion (Din-i-Ilahi), which was based on the principle of peace. (d) Literature, Art and Architecture : Mahabharat, Ramayana and other important works were translated into Persian language during Akbar s period. He constructed tombs, Mosque and gardens. He built impressive buildings such as Buland Darwaza, Panch mahal, Diwan-i-Aam, Diwane-i-Khas, Agra Fort etc. Akbar was illiterate, but acquired learning of Philosophy,Literature, History and Science. He was a great conqueror. Hence he is called Akbar the Great Refer solution to SQP-4, Ans. 34. Part F 36. (a) Kautilya Arthashastra 1 (b) Raja Todarmal Revenue System 1 (c) Mahmud Gawan Madarasa 1 (d) Lord Wellesley Subsidiary Alliance 1 (e) Alur Venkata Rao Karnataka Gatha Vaibhava (a) Buddha's Enlightenment (528 BCE). 1 (b) Establishment of Rashtrakuta Dynasty. (1118 CE). 1 (c) Birth of Meerabai (1498 CE). 1 (d) First War of Indian Independence (1857 CE). 1 (e) Partition of Bengal (1905 CE). 1 qqq

12 Time : 3 Hours Maximum Marks : 100 HISTORY Karnataka PUE, II PUC Solution to Question Paper 8 1. ''Natural Historia.'' 1 2. Iron Cattle Kanishka Qutub-ud-din-Aibak Din-i-Ilahi 1 7. Guru Granth Sahib or Adigrantha Pondicherry In 1857 CE Karnataka Gatha Vaibhava (i) The Himalayas, (ii) The Northern, Plains, (iii) The Desert, (iv) The Island, (v) The Decean Plateau, (vi) The coastal Region. (Any two) The word ''Neolithic'' is derived from Greek word. Neo means ''New'' and ''Lithic'' means ''stone''. So, Neolithic means ''New Stone Age'' (i) Rigveda, (ii) Yajurveda, (iii) Samaveda, (iv) Atharvaveda. (Any two) Maski, Gavimatha, Palkigonda, Sannathi, Brahmagiri, Siddapura, Jutingrameshwara, Nittur and Udayagollam. (Any two) Tirukkural, Silappsigaram and Manimekhalai Abul Fazal and Badayuni Chauth and Sardeshmukhi (i) Sodey Matha, (ii) Siruru Matha, (iii) Kaniyuru Matha, (iv) Dejawara Matha, (v) Palimary Matha, (vi) Adamaru Matha, (viii) Krishanapura Matha, (viii) Pultige Matha Robert Clive and Siraj-ud-Daula (i) There was no common aim among the rebels. Lack of unity, lack of leadership, lack of arms, lack of proper organization, mutual hatred and suspicion were the reasons of failure of the revolt. (ii) The British fully utilised the scientific developments like modern weapons, telegraphs, railway postal, etc. to collect information than the Indian soldiers and were ready for proper action. (iii) The Indian kings were supporting the British and the general public did not fully get involved and support the rebels (i) Zamindari System, (ii) Ryotwari System, (iii) Mahalwari System. (Any two) Jawahar Lal Nehru, Vallababhai Patel and Pattabi Sittaramiah. (Any two) 2

13 Unity in diversity is a unique feature of Indian history. In spite of all diversities there are many unifying sources, which are as follows : (i) Geographical Unity : Himalayas in north and ocean in the south have isolated India from the world and formed a separated geographical unit. (ii) Administrative Unity : The administrative system of ancient India was mostly identical and uniform. Mauryas, Guptas, Moghuls, Marathas, etc. have tried to bring political unity by expanding their territories. (iii) Uniform education and literature : In ancient India, there was uniform education and literature. Sanskrit Language and Vedic literature, including the epics Ramayana and Mahabharata have instilled the feeling of oneness. Pali and Prakrit were the languages of common people. (iv) Religious and Social ceremonies : India is a land of various religions, castes, creeds and sects, where people participate in religious and social ceremonies of each other. This has inculcated a feeling of oneness Town Planning of Indus Valley Civilisation : Town planning was a unique feature of Indus civilization. Indus people were first to build planned cities, which had citadels to the west and the hub of residential area to the east. Both were surrounded by massive brick walls. Streets : Streets were straight and cut each other at right angles. These were 13 to 34 feet wide and were well lined. Lamp posts at intervals and dustbin on streets are found. Drainage System : Each house had its own drainage and soak pits were connected to the public drainage. Brick laid channels flowed through every street. Large brick culverts were constructed on the outskirts of city to carry excess water. Buildings : They built more than one storied house of burnt bricks. It contained pillared halls, bath rooms, paved floors, kitchen and a well. There were public wells by the streets. They also built a dockyard at Lothal Main feature of Hoysala s architecture : They combined Vesara and Dravida syles and developed new style of architecture called Hoysala style. The main features of this style are : (i) Star shaped base and a star platform (Jagati) of about 4 feet height. (ii) The jagati arround the temple is the open pradakshinapatha and polished pillars with variety of design. (iii) Elaborate carving and beautifully carved Madanika figures,and spacious Navaranya (Central hall). (iv) The Bhuvaneshwari (carved ceiling) and the vimana (shikhara) in a pyramidical shape. (v) Garbhagruhas ranging from one to five (Ekakuta, Dwikuta, Thrikuta, Chathushkuta and Panchakuta) Mohammad-bin-Tughalak introduced some reforms for good in kingdom but they turned out opposite, These are as follows : (i) Tughalak increased the taxes in doab, very fertile area, to enhance the revenue, but due to lack of rainfall farmers were unable to pay. (ii) To safeguard the capital from invaders, Sultan shifted capital from Delhi to Daulatabad with the whole population of Delhi. Shifting of population resulted in death and sufferings of the people. Realizing that he had made mistake, he ordered all people to march back to Delhi. The entire incident made him highly unpopular. (iii) To save gold and silver, Sultan issued copper coins, which were not retained as a monopoly. Hence, the empire was flooded with fake copper coins. These coins were exchanged with gold and silver coins. Thus, the currency reform of the Sultan utterly failed. Mohammad-bin-Tughalak was an outstanding ruler of Tughalak dynasty. But his polices were ill planned and badly executed, which gave him the reputation of being A mixture of opposites Mahmud Gawan ( CE) was the Chief Minister and an able administrator. He was born in Persia and came to India for trade. Mohammad Shah III appointed him as a minister. His achievements are as follows :

14 14 OSWAAL Karnataka PUE, Sample Question Papers, History, II PUC (i) He conquered Hubli, Belagavi and Goa from Vijayanagara empire. (ii) He made treaty with the Sultan of Malwa and established political stability. (iii) He conquered Rajamahendri and Kondavidu regions of Orissa. (iv) Provinces were increased from four to eight. (v) Land was surveyed and revenue was fixed. (vi) He built Madarsa at Bidar. It had 36 rooms. (vii) He built a library, where he collected 3000 manuscripts from all over the world Refer Solution to SQP-5, Ans Subsidiary Alliance : The Indian rulers who had entered into this military alliance with the British had to keep a British army in their state and bear the expenses of the maintenance of that army. It was introduced by Lord Wellesley in Expansion of the British Empire in India was its main aim. Conditions of the Subsidiary Alliance : 1. The Indian state which joins it, must surrender its external relations to the care of the Company. They should not wage wars and their dealings should be conducted only with the prior permission of the Company. 2. If any ruler was unable to pay the expenses, he had to cede a part of his Kingdom. The protection of that state was the responsibility of the Company. 3. A British Resident should be kept in the court of the King. Company was not to interfere in the internal affairs of that state. 4. The Company should protect the Indian state against their enemies and no other European could be appointed in their administration without the permission of the Company. Advantages to the Company : 1. The subsidiary Alliance disarmed the Indian states. They came under the mercy of the British. The grave consequences of the war were much reduced. 2. Indian states practically lost their independence and became financially weak. 3. The Kings neglected the welfare of their people. So, Kings also lost their credibility. The Kings were protected by the Company. 4. The Company was able to check the influence of the French over the Indian states. The Company gradually brought the whole country under its control. The Nizam of Hyderabad was the first to sign the Alliance. Later the rulers of Mysore, Oudh, Travancore, Baroda, Jaipur, Jodhpur, Bharatpur, Nagpur and Gwalior also signed the Alliance. The Doctrine of Lapse : According to this policy, when the Ruler of the protected state died without a natural heir, then that state would pass on to the British Empire, which was called the Doctrine of Lapse. (or) According to this policy, if a King died without a son or daughter, his estate lapsed. It should be noted that the King had no right to adopt a son under any circumstances. The Doctrine of Lapse was introduced by Lord Dalhousie. His aim was the expansion of the British Empire in India. By following this policy, the British annexed Satara, Jaipur, Sambhalpur, Udaipur, Jhansi, Nagpur, Bhagatpur, etc. Conclusion : The Doctrine of Lapse was unjustified both on legal and ethical grounds. Whether right or wrong two third of the Indian territories came under the British rule by These factors contributed to the outburst of the Indian anger in 1857 in the form of First War of the Indian Independence Raja Ram Mohan Roy was the great Socio-religious reformer. He is called the Father of Indian Renaissance. His primary aim was to reform the society and religion. Religious reforms : Raja Ram Mohan Roy wanted to bring about reforms in Hindustan by getting rid of idol-worship, sacrifices and caste rigidity. On 20th August 1828, he founded the Brahmo Samaj at Calcutta. The main purpose of the Brahmo Samaj was to establish a casteless society based on common worship. Brahmo Samaj taught that God is one, every religion posesses truth, idol worship and ritualism are meaningless and social evils have connection with religion. The followers of all religions were invited to come and worship in the same temple in a spirit of brotherhood. Social reforms : He carried on a long struggle against the social evils like the practice of Sati, child marriages, polygamy, untouchability and purdah system. Widows used to burn themselves in the funeral pyres of their husbands and Raja Ram Mohan Roy organised agitations against this inhuman

15 15 custom of Sati. It was due to his persuasion that Lord William Bentinck abolished Sati in 1829 and declared it a legal offence. He worked for the improvement of the status of women and for their education. He encouraged intercaste marriages and remarriage of widows (a) Takshashila : It was the capital of the Gandhara Province now in Pakistan. Takshashila University was an important educational centre in ancient India. Kautilya (Chanakya) was a teacher in this University. (b) Calcutta : It is the capital of West Bengal, situated on the banks of river Hoogli. Calcutta was the first capital of the British in India. Swami Vivekanada established the Ramakrishna Mission at Belur near Calcutta. (c) Dandi : Dandi is a coastal town in Gujarat. Mahatma Gandhi launched his famous Dandi March in Gandhi and his followers collected sea water and made salt and deliberately violated the salt law. (d) Devagiri : It is in Maharastra. Allaud-din-Khilji led many expeditions on Devagiri. Mohammad- Bin-Tughalak shifted his capital from Delhi to Devagiri for a short while. Devagiri was renamed as Daulatabad. (e) Kanchi : It is near Chennai in Tamil Nadu. It was the capital of the Pallavas. The city is famous for Shaiva and Vaishanava temples. The famous Kamakshi temple is located here. (f) Badami : The early name of Badami was Vatapi and it was the capital of the Chalukyas. It is famous for rock-cut cave temples. It is in Bagalkote district of Karnataka. (g) Srirangapattana : It is located on the banks of river Cauvery and is in the Mandya district. It was the capital of the early Wodeyars of Mysore, Hyder Ali and Tippu Sultan. The town contains many historical monuments like the Fort, Daria Daulat place, Lalbag, Tombs of Hyder and Tipu, Ranganatha Temple etc. (h) Bijapura : It was the capital of Adil Shahis. Monuments like Golgumbaz, Ibrahim Rauza, Asar Mahal, Barakaman etc are found here. 5 Takshashila I NDIA Calcutta Dandi Devagiri Bijapura Badami Kanchi Srirangapattana 5

16 16 OSWAAL Karnataka PUE, Sample Question Papers, History, II PUC Part E 32. Refer Solution to SQP-4, Ans Refer Solution to SQP-7, Ans Refer Solution to SQP-3, Ans Refer Solution to SQP-4, Ans. 35. Part F 36. (a) Kali Bangan Indus Valley Civilization 1 (b) Uttarameruru Inscription Chola's village administration 1 (c) Allasani Peddanna Ashtadiggajas 1 (d) Shakaracharya Advaitha Philosophy 1 (e) Macaulay English Education System (a) III Budhist Council (250 BCE). 1 (b) Rule of Amoghavarsha (814 CE). 1 (c) II Battle of Panipat (1556 CE). 1 (d) IV Anglo-Mysore War ( CE). 1 (e) Establishment of Arya Samaja (1875 CE). 1 qqq

17 Time : 3 Hours Maximum Marks : 100 HISTORY Karnataka PUE, II PUC Solution to Question Paper 9 1. Ashvaghosha Copper Mound of the dead Kanishka 1 5. Rajaraja Chola-I 1 6. The neighbouring area of Shivaji's kingdom which was not under the direct rule of Shivaji were to give one fourth of land revenue collection to him. This was known us Chauth He was born at Pajaka near Udupi Guru Granth Sahib or Adigrantha The term ''Sufi'' is derived from the word ''saf'' meaning wool. Sufi saints wore woollen clothes Pulicat. 11. (i) Nalanda, (ii) Takshashila, (iii) Ujjain, (iv) Prayag, (v) Vikramashilla, (vi) Kashi, (vii) Kanchi. (Any two) The word Neotilhic is derived from the Greek words. Neo means New and Lithic means Stone. So, Neolithic means ''New Stone Age'' Kanchi and Mahabalipuram (i) Adipurana, (ii) Vikaramarjuna Vijaya (Pampabharatha) Mitravinda Govinda was first Kannada drama. It was written by Singararaya Mahmud Gawan was a Chief Minister of Mohammad Shah-II. He built Madarasa at Bidar Mulla Nusrati and Ferishta Vedanta Saara, Vedanta Sangraha Vedanta Sutra, Geetha Bhashya and Sree Bhashya Basaveshwara founded Anubhava Mantapa and Kalyana (i) Zamindari System. (ii) Ryotwari System. (iii) Mahalwari System On January 12 th 1863 at Calcutta Lala Lajpat Rai, Bipin Chandra Pal and Bal Ganagadhar Tilak. 2

18 18 OSWAAL Karnataka PUE, Sample Question Papers, History, II PUC 23. Refer Solution to SQP-4, Ans Town Planning of Indus Valley Civilisation : Town planning was a unique feature of Indus civilization. Indus people were first to build planned cities, which had citadels to the west and the hub of residential area to the east. Both were surrounded by massive brick walls. Streets : Streets were straight and cut each other at right angles. These were 13 to 34 feet wide and were well lined. Lamp posts at intervals and dustbin on streets are found. Drainage System : Each house had its own drainage and soak pits were connected to the public drainage. Brick laid channels flowed through every street. Large brick culverts were constructed on the outskirts of city to carry excess water. Buildings : They built more than one storied house of burnt bricks. It contained pillared halls, bath rooms, paved floors, kitchen and a well. There were public wells by the streets. They also built a dockyard at Lothal There were no regular education institutions in the present sense of the term. Education was imparted in Gurukulas, Pathashalas, Agraharas, Temples and Ghatikas. Education on the whole was oral. Education was imparted by learned teachers to the students, who stayed with the teacher throughout their educational career. The aim of education was to develop knowledge, character, truthfulness and devotion. The teacher enjoyed great respect. The Panchala Parishad was a great academy of learning. Higher education was imparted at the universities like Kanchi and Taxila. Education commenced with a ceremony called upanayanam. Both men and women received education. Gargi, Maitreyi, Lopamudra, Shaswathi and others were important women scholars. Vedas, puranas, philosophy, logic, mathematics, astronomy, astrology, medicine etc, were the important subjects taught. Sanskrit was the medium of instruction. Science : Aryans achieved great progress in mathematics, geometry, medicine and metallurgy. Calculation like the distance between the Sun and Moon, Earth and Moon and Sun and Earth were known to them. They also had knowledge of the occurance of eclipses, movement of Comets etc. Cure of diseases was done by using herbs, roots, leaves, oils, salts and mud. They followed the lunar calendar. We can see in the manufacture of the chariots, textiles, metal goods, musical instruments, ornaments etc. of these people, the progress made by them in technology Factors responsible for the rise of new religions are as follows : (i) Complication in Vedic religion : Due to the influence of priests, a number of rigidities crept into Vedic religion. People got dissatisfied and they wanted a change. (ii) Supremacy of the priestly class : Performing Yajnas without priests was impossible. The Brahmans enjoyed special privileges and regarded themselves as superior to all. (iii) Animal Sacrifices : Animal sacrifices a part of rituals were very costly to practice. So, people lost the faith in religion. (iv) Chanting of Mantras : Vedic literature was in Sanskrit and mastered by priestly class. It was not possible for common people to understand them and they lost faith in chanting of Mantras. (v) Caste system : There was discrimination among the different castes. Shudras had to suffer untold miseries. (vi) Birth of Great Personalities : When people became discontented, two great personalities arose, named Mahavira and Gautam Buddha. They preached simple principle of life in the language of common people. The simple path to salvation attracted the common people towards the new faith Refer Solution to SQP-4, Ans Refer Solution to SQP-4, Ans. 27.