Index. Baathist movement, 70 Badr Corps, 8 Baghdad, 54, 83, 118, 121, 124, 127, 155, 167, 173 4, 179, 186 Baghdad pact, 180

Transcription

1 Abdesalaam, Yassin, 26 Abdullah, Crown Prince, 57, 193, 209 Abu Ammar, 95 Aflaq, Michel, 104 Al Adl waíl Ihsan, 26 Al-Aqsa Martyrís Brigade, 78, 82, 94, 172 al-bazzaz, Abd al-rahman, 104 al-gamaís al-islamiyya, 86 Algeria, 176 al-jaífari, Ibrahim, Prime Minister, 190 Al-Jazeera, 153 al karyan, 26 Allawi, Iyad, Prime Minister, 161, 182 al-nasser, Abd Gamal, President, 105 al Qaeda, 2, 11 2, 15 7, 22, 47, 117 8, 123 8, 135 8, 149, 177, 213, 121 al Zawahiri, Ayman, 5, 109, Amnesty International, 87 Anti-Americanism, 103, 153, 158, 166, 193 Anti-Semitism, 159, 164 Arabian Peninsula, 152, 172 Arab Human Development Reports, 5 Arab-Israeli dispute, 7, 163, 166, 199, 201 Arab-Israeli wars, 4, 158, 161 Arab League, 152, 155, 163 Arab nationalist movement, 5 Arafat, Yasser, 79, 83, 90 5, 151, 155 7, 162 3, 171 3, 184 Arms Control and Regional Security group (ACRS), Asia, East, 14, 17 8, 203 Asian Economic Crisis, 31 Ayatollah Ali Sistani, 5, 184 5, Baathist movement, 70 Badr Corps, 8 Baghdad, 54, 83, 118, 121, 124, 127, 155, 167, 173 4, 179, 186 Baghdad pact, 180 Bahrain, 116 Barghouti, Marwan, 93 bin Laden, Osama, 3, 14, 125, 136 Bonn Agreement, 132 5, 140 bonyad, 55 British, 97, 105, 121, 139, 167, 177, 187, 234 British Atomic Energy Authority, 97 Bush, George H.W., 41 Bush, George W., 41, 59, 63, 69, 87, 98, 117, 167, 170 2, 174, 178, 185 6, 197, 206, 223 administration, 32, 63, 125 6, 128, 141 2, 156, 162, 167, 179, 181, 185, Bush Doctrine, 54 Cairo, 26, 163 Caliphate, 5, 107, 110 Camp David Accords, 150, 163 Casablanca, 26 7 Central Asia, 3, 107, 127, 138, 207, , 215 Central Treaty Organization (CTO), 180 Cheney, Richard, 40, 207 China, 17 18, 21, 27 8, 47, 111, 120, 123, 128, 140, 150 1, 159, 170, 177, 206, Christian Levantines, 104 Clausewitz, Carl von, Clinton, Bill, 79, 156 administration, 162, 206 Coalition Provisional Authority (CPA), 69, 182 Combined Joint Task Force Horn of Africa (CJTF-HOA), 212 Democracy, 1, 42, 118, 124, Desert Fox, Operation, 201 Don Fodio, Uthman, 107 Dutch Disease, 19, 43 50

2 221 East Asia, 14, 17, 203 Economic development, 2, 19, 24, 58, 134, 163, 211 Education, 15, 19 23, 30 1, 52, 89, 92, 107, 109, 113, 134, 136, 159, 167, 189, 191, 193 Egypt, 3, 23, 39, 46, 66 7, 74 5, Egyptian Muslim Brotherhood, 109 Emergency Loya Jirga, 133, 136 Environmental destruction, 17 8, 30 1 Europe, Eastern, 33, 69, 126 Europe, Southern, 50 1 Europe, Western, 14, 129 European Union (EU), 20, 30, 157, 171, 183, 188, 214 Fahim, Mohammad, 133 Fatah, 78, 88, 91 5, 172 Fertile Crescent secular Arabism, 104 fetawiin, 23 fetwa, 23 Food concerns, 17, 24 5, 29 32, 43, 57, 89 Ford Foundation, 24 Front de Liberation Nationale (FLN), 104 Garner, Jay, 180, 182 Gaza Strip, 5, 79, 82, 86, 91, 151 Global Command and Control System (GCCS), 208 Global war on terrorism, 4, 212 Globalization, 2, 4, 42, 172 Golan Heights, 159, 164 Great Depression, 15, 21 Gross domestic product (GDP), 17 18, 136 Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC), 55, 152 3, 166, 168, 184 Gulf security agenda, 168 Gulf States, 56, 58, 60, 205, 210, 214, 217, 233 Gulf War, 3 5, 17, 90, 153, 156, 158, 168, 174, 205, 208 Hamas, 5, 7, 78 9, 85 6, 88 95, 166, 172 Haq, Abdul, 132 Hashemite Monarchy, 113 Hazaras, 131, 138, 141 Hebron massacre, 93 Hebron protocol, 81 Hezbollah, 85, 159, 164 6, 187 Human rights, 6, 33, 126, 182 Hussein, Saddam, 153, 155 6, 168 9, , 187, 199, 214 India, 22, 24, 66 Insurgency, 4, 83, 88, 96 7, 111, 152 3, 166, 171 2, 185, 189, International Atomic Energy Agency, 171 International Development Research Centre (IDRC), 24 Intifada, first, 79, 82 3, 88 94, 151 2, Intifada, second, 82 3, 88, 91, 94 5, 156 7, 160 Iran, 2, 5 8, 15, 18, 20 2, 35, 37 8, 40 3, 46, 50, 52, 54 9, 61, 63 6, 68 70, 105 7, 109, 113, 116, 152 9, 162, 164, , , 200 1, 204 5, , 212 Iran-Iraq War, 4 5, 8, 155, 168, 200, 205 Iran Revolutionary Guard Corps, 8 Iranian Islamic Revolution, 168, 180 Iraq, 4 5, 7 8, 24 5, 32 3, 38, 40, 43, 46, 50 1, 61 3, 68 70, 77, 96, , 125, 131, 152 3, 155 6, 158, 161 3, , , Iraqi Freedom, Operation, 201 3, 207 9, 216 Islam, 5 6, 14, 16, 23, 26 7, 34, 46, , 127, 157 8, 165, 169, 190 Islamic activism, , 114 Islamic extremism, 4, 184 Islamic Jihad, 7, 78, 159, 164 Islamic law, 56, 185, 191 Islamic modernism, 107 Islamic revolution, 8, 109, 155, 157, 168, 180, 187, 200 1, 205 Islamism, 5, 16, 96, , 118 Islamists, 5, 15 16, 25, 27, 91, 94 5, 103, , 157, 165, 192 3

3 222 Islamization, Israel, 7 8, 22, 34, 51, 68, 77 96, 105, 113, 117, , , 180 1, , 199, 202, 209 Israeli Defense Forces (IDF), 83, 165 Israeli military, 81 2, 87, 89 91, 210 shock and awe program, 82 Tel Aviv, 8, 210 Israel-Egypt Peace Treaty, 150 Israeli-Palestinian conflict, 79, 117, 160 Jadidists, 107 Japan, 3, 104, 112, , 207 8, , Joint Forces Command, 208 Jordan, 6, 18, 21 31, 51, 62, 86, 90, , 118, 150, 152, 155 7, 161, 164 5, 172 Jordan-Israel Peace Treaty, 150 Justice and Welfare Party, 27 Kandahar, 138, 212 Karachi, 15, 25 Karzai, Hamid, 132 3, 135 6, Kawakibi, 104 Kemal, Mustafa, 116 Khatami, Mohammed, President, 54 5, 57, 187 Knesset, 81 Kurds, 183, Kurdish uprising, 165 Kurdistan Democratic Party (KDP), 192 Kuwait, 8, 22, 45, 51, 61 3, 152, 155 6, 166, 168, 181, , 205 6, 208 9, 215 Latin America, 17 8, 22, 24, 33 6 Law on the Attraction and Protection of Foreign Investment, 56 Lebanon, 18, 21 2, 62, 85, 114, 155 8, 164 6, 183, 187, Levant, 152, Libya, 2, 5, 21 2, 51, 61 3, 68, 152 Literacy, 22 3, 109 Madrid conference, 90, 153, 156, 170 Mahdi Army of Mustafah al-sadr, 25 Mashreq, 31 Microwave theory, 84 Middle East North Africa (MENA), 18, 22 Military intervention, 16, 33, 186 Modern market economy, steps toward, 53 4 Modernization, 13 14, 33, 108, 130 Morocco, 15, 18, 21 6, 30 1, 50 1, 62, 158 Mubarak, Hosni, 161, 164 mujaddid/muslih, mukhabarat state, 19 Muslim Brotherhood, 34, 89, 107, 113, 122, 184 Muslim world, 14, 23, National Intelligence Council, 5 National liberation postcolonial wars, 4 Nationalism, 16, 104 6, 111, 119, , 155, 159, 161, 186 Near East South Asia (NESA), 32 New Middle East, Nile River, 27, 30 North Africa, 17, 22, 107, 149, 152, 159, 170, 173, 211 North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), 152 3, 170 1, 214 Northeast Asia, 168, Northern Alliance, 132 5, 215 Nuclear proliferation, 7 Nuclear weapons, 7 8, 180, 186, 188, 194 Oman, 61 3, 166, Omnibalancing, 2 Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE), 137 Oslo peace accords, 78 Declaration of Principles, 78 9, 90 Pakistan, 7, 18, 25, 62, 65 8, 107, 111, 114, 136, 138, 188, 212, 214 Pakistani nationalism, 105 Palestine, 20, 33 4, 77 8, 88, , 153, 160, 170 1, Palestinian Authority (PA), 79 Palestinian Interim Self-Government Authority, 79 Palestinian Liberation Organization (PLO), 89 91, 155 6, Palestinian territories, 77 8, 86, 89, 91, 93, 96, 156 7, 164

4 223 Pan-Arabism, 148 Panjshir Valley, Panjshiris, 7, 16, 18, 20, 25, 62, 65 6, 68, 105, 107, , 114, 136, 138, 188, 212, 214 Paradox of Plenty, 50 Pashtun confederation, 130 Pashtuns, 128, 131, Perfect storm of instability, 5, 9, 172 Persian Gulf, 3, 4, 37, 155, 168, , 199, 201, 206, 211 Political reforms, 5, 39, 164 Population expansion, 17, Price enforcement courts, 57 Project for a New American Century, 202 Qanooni, Younis, 133 4, Qatar, 45, 61 3, 153, 166, 184 6, 194 5, 206, 208 9, 212, 215 Rabin, Yitzhak, 79 Radicalization, 7, 77 8, 83 4 Rafah refugee camp, 87 Rantisi, Abd al-aziz, 95 Reagan, Ronald, 180 1, Religious extremists, 8, 184, 191, 193, 204 Religious firebrands, 16 Rentier society, 43 6 Rentier states, Revolution in Military Affairs, 208 Road map, 157, 162 3, 199 Rogue states, 162 Rumsfeld, Donald, 179, 181, 200 Salafism, Jihadi, 27, 34, 107, 109, 193 Salafism, Takfiri, 27 Saudi Arabia, Budgetary patterns, Productivity patterns, 50 2 Saudi Arabian Monetary Authority, 56 Saudi Industrial Development Fund, (SIDF), 56 Secularism, 103 4, 111 Sen, Amartya, 31 September 11, 2001 attacks, 33, 103, 117, 126, , 168, 179, , 203, 207, 219 Shah, Ahmed, 131, 133 Shah, Zahir, King, 133, 135 Shamil, Imam, 106 shariah law, 191 Sharon, Ariel, 94, 162 Shiíites, 5, 114 militias, 8 minority, 8 Sinai Peninsula, 155 Sirhindi, Ahmad, 107 Sixth Development Plan, 39 South Asia, 52, 206, 215 Southeast Asia, 205 6, 208 Strait of Hormuz, 206 String theory, 2 Sufism, Suicide bombings, 7, 82, 93 5 Syria, , 152, , , 202, Tahtawi, 104, 107 tajdid-islah, 111, 114 Tajiks, Taliban, 109, 114, 132 3, 136, 192, Tanzim, 91 5 Terrorism, 4, 65 9, 79, 82, 84, 86, 115, 149, 152, , 179, 185, 203 5, 212 Transnational Administrative Law (TAL), 182, 190 Treaty of Versailles, 15 Tunisia, 18, 20 2, 30 1, 50 1, 62, 91, 110, 113, 118 Turkey, 8, 18, 22, 51, 62, 66, 68, 105, , 152, 154, 170, 183 4, Twin pillar system, 205 ëulama, ulema, 23, 130 Ummah, 5 United Arab Emirates (UAE), 24, 166, 184, 209 United Nations, 1, 2, 60, 139, 167, 172, 177, 184, 203, 204 Development Programme (UNDP), 31 Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO), 25, 30

5 224 United Nations continued Leadership of the Uprising (UNLU), 89 Security Council, 12, 48, 65, 68 9, 149, 172, 175, 177, 184, 197 United States Combined Joint Task Force-Horn of Africa (CJTF-HOA), 212 Defense Department, 2, 122, 224 and the food weapon, Military bases in region, 3, 153, 205 6, National Defense Strategy, 211 National Military Strategy, National Strategy for Combating Terrorism, 204 Opposition to Middle East democracy, 34, 115, 193 Promotion of democracy, 126 Quadrennial Defense Review, Relations with Gulf States, 166, 170, 186, , 205, 210 Relations with Islam, , 117 Security partnership, 8 Use of military power, 3 4, 126, , 199, 201, Urbanization, 17, 25 6, 113 U.S.-Saudi partnership, 215 Uzbeks, 131, 133, 138, 141 Water scarcity, 6, 19, 27 9 Weapons of mass destruction (WMD), 154, 162, 165, 169, 171, 179, 181, 189, 192, 194, 199, 202 West Bank, 5, 7, 20, 33 4, 79 82, 86, 90 5, 150 1, 156, 160, 165, 172 Westernization, 108 Wolfowitz, Paul, 202 Women, 6, 20, 22, 89, 92, 130, 137, 159, 186, World Bank, 6, 18 19, 23, 30 1, 41, 58, 159 World Development Report, 23 World Trade Organization (WTO), 30, 40, 55, 70 Yasin, Shaykh, 95 Yemen, 6, 18, 20 30, 50 1, 62, 194, 205 Yom Kippur war, 167 Zionism, 105