Main State Actor/ Adversary. Afghan & Coalition forces. Afghan & Coalition forces. Afghan & Coalition forces. Afghan & Coalition forces
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1 1 Who Is a Rebel? Typology and Rebel Groups in the Contemporary Middle East Hyeran Jo Rotem Dvir Yvette Isidori Table 1. Rebel groups operating in the Middle East between 1946 and 2015 Taliban 1994-Present Ruled killings; indiscriminate attacks; rape Jamiat-i-Islami 1978-Present Member in (ruled ) Child soldiering; killings; indiscriminate attacks; rape Hezb-i-Islami 1978-Present Cabinet positions killings Hezb-i-Wahdat 1989-Present Child soldiering; killings; rape; kidnappings; torture Hizb-i Islami-yi Afghanistan - Khalis faction Summary executions; killings; use of antipersonnel mines; attacks on civilians Junbish-i Milli-yi Islami 1992-Present Secular Member in Killings; rape; kidnappings; shellings KDPI: Kurdistan Democratic Party of Iran 1966-Present Iran Majority are s Bombings; killings
2 2 PJAK: Party for Free Life in Kurdistan 2004-Present Iran Killings; casualties Jundallah 2003-Present Iran Killings; civilian attacks* PUK: Patriotic Union of Kurdistan 1975-Present Iraq Kurdistan Regional Gov t member Killings; civilian deaths Ansar Al-Islam 2001-Present Iraq Killings; civilian attacks; suicide bombings; rocket attacks* Al-Mahdi Army (reformed as Peace Brigades June 2014) Iraq; Coalition forces; IS Terror group Political wing member in parliament rape; indiscriminate violence Hamas: Islamic Resistance Movement in Palestine 1987-Present Governing body of Gaza Strip killings; indiscriminate attacks*
3 3 Fatah (Joined PLO), (PNA establishment) Main party of PNA Child soldiering; killings; bombings; kidnappings; civilian attacks PIJ: Palestinian Islamic Jihad 1970 s-present Child soldiering; suicide and car bombings; civilian attacks* PFLP: Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine 1967-Present Secular Member plane hijackings; civilian murders* AMB (al Aqsa Martyrs Brigade) 2002-Present Child soldiering; civilian attacks; bombings* PNA: Palestinian National Authority 1994-Present Palestinian Official Government Child soldiering; executions; torture; use of excessive force against civilians Hizbullah 1982-Present Member in kidnappings; civilian attacks* Army- General Aoun forces forces, Syria Maronite Christians enough reliable information
4 4 PDRY: People s Democratic Republic of Yemen ; North Yemen Unified Yemen State since 1990 Indiscriminate attacks; indiscriminate fire; killings; missile attacks Forces (Samir Gaegea) forces; Syria Maronite Christians enough reliable information ISIS 2004-Present Syria & Iraq gov ts; Coalition forces Local in areas under control Child soldiering; rape; ethnic cleansing; slavery* UIFSA (The Northern Alliance) Taliban s (& ) Members in Government since 2001 Child soldiering; rape; mass killings of minorities; indiscriminate attacks DHKP/C: Revolutionary People s Liberation Army (Devrimci sol) 1978-Present Turkey Secular Suicide bombings; indiscriminate attacks; killings* MKP: Maoist Communist Party of Turkey and North Kurdistan 1987-Present Turkey Secular Violence; promoting violence
5 5 Al-Qaeda 1988-Present Western Forces suicide bombings; civilian attacks* AQAP: Al- Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula 2009-Present Yemen suicide bombings; civilian attacks* Houthis 2004-Present Yemen Gov t & Saudis Child soldiering; killings; forced displacement; torture AQIM: Al- Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb 2007-present Algeria, Libya, Morocco, Tunisia, Mauritania, Mali suicide bombings; civilian attacks* Exile and Redemption 1991 Algeria Killings; kidnappings; sexual violence FIS (Islamic Salvation Front) Algeria No elected, but banned by the gov t Child soldiering; killings; attacks on military personnel; sexual violence Armed Islamic Group (GIA) Algeria Child soldiering; civilian massacres; bombings; sexual violence; civilian attacks
6 6 Al-jamāʿa al-islāmīya (IG) Egypt Killings; bombings; indiscriminate attacks* Brotherhood 1928-present Egypt Yes political party and members have held office Killings; torture; deprivation of rights
7 7 Who Is a Rebel? Typology and Rebel Groups in the Contemporary Middle East Table 2. Summary of Rebel Typology Key Audiences Domestic/local International Government Hyeran Jo Rotem Dvir Yvette Isidori Tactics Mainly political Ruler rebel Diplomat rebel Exile rebel Mainly economic Warlord rebel Terrorism Terrorist rebel ME Terrorist rebel
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