3.1 LÄNCHHANS (EMBLEMS OR SYMBOLS)
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1 3.1 LÄNCHHANS (EMBLEMS OR SYMBOLS) A Tirthankar s idol (murti) represents the qualities and virtues of the Tirthankar and therefore all idols are similar in structure. Each Tirthankar s idol has his or her own emblem (länchhan) that distinguishes them from the other Tirthankars. When a Tirthankar is born, he or she has a particular mark on their right thigh. This birthmark is in the form of a speck. This symbol can be found on the base of the idol to identify that Tirthankar. Some differences exist between the symbols of Digambar and Shvetämbar sects and are defined on the attached table. Temples of the Digambar sect have the idols of Tirthankars in their natural unadorned form with their eyes semi-closed in meditation. It represents the Tirthankar (Jina) as free from attachment and aversion. Temples of the Shvetämbar sect have the idols adorned in a very elegant manner. The eyes vividly communicate peace and loving compassion. Positive vibrations emanate from the adorned energy centers. It represents the Tirthankar as a spiritual king and sovereign victor of all the inner enemies and five senses. Sometimes the color of the idol is different. This color is associated with the physical body of a Tirthankar (see Tirthankar symbol and color table in this section). In the picture, the länchhan of a lion is clearly visible at the base, showing that it is the idol of Mahävirswämi, the twenty-fourth Tirthankar. 40
2 TIRTHANKARS, SYMBOLS, AND COLOR No. Name Shvetämbar Symbol Digambar Symbol Color 1 Rushabhadev or Ädinäth Bull Bull Gold 2 Ajitnäth Elephant Elephant Gold 3 Sambhavnäth Horse Horse Gold 4 Abhinandan-swämi Monkey Monkey Gold 5 Sumatinäth Curlew Bird *Red goose (Chakvä) Gold 6 Padmaprabha Red Lotus Red Lotus Red 7 Supärshvanäth Swastika Swastika Gold/Green* 8 Chandraprabha Crescent Moon Crescent Moon White 9 Suvidhinäth or Pushpadanta Crocodile Crocodile White 10 Shitalnäth Shrivatsa *Kalpa-vruksha Gold 11 Shreyänsnäth Rhinoceros Rhinoceros Gold 12 Väsupujya-swämi Buffalo Buffalo Red 13 Vimalnäth Pig-Boar Pig-Boar Gold 14 Anantnäth Eagle *Hawk Gold 15 Dharmnäth Vajra Vajra Gold 16 Shäntinäth Deer Deer Gold 17 Kunthunäth Goat Goat Gold 18 Aranäth Nandävarta *Fish Gold 19 Mallinäth Pot Kumbha Blue/Gold* 20 Munisuvrat-swämi Tortoise Tortoise Black 21 Naminäth Blue Lotus Blue Lotus Gold 22 Neminäth Conch Shell Conch Shell Black 23 Pärshvanäth Snake Snake Blue/Green* 24 Mahävirswämi Lion Lion Gold *Different from Shvetämbar tradition 41
3 TIRTHANKARS, PARENTS, AND IMPORTANT PLACES No. Name Father Mother Birth Place Dikshä Place Nirvana Place 1 Rushabhadev or Ädinäth Näbhi Maru Devi Ayodhyä Ayodhyä Ashtäpad 2 Ajitnäth Jitshatru Vijayä Ayodhyä Ayodhyä Sametshikhar 3 Sambhavnäth Jitäri Senä Shrävasti Shrävasti Sametshikhar 4 Abhinandan-swämi Samvar Siddhärthä Ayodhyä Ayodhyä Sametshikhar 5 Sumatinäth Megharath Mangalä Devi Ayodhyä Ayodhyä Sametshikhar 6 Padmaprabha-swämi Shridhar Susimä Devi Kaushämbi Kaushämbi Sametshikhar 7 Supärshvanäth Pratishtha Prithvi Devi Väränasi Väränasi Sametshikhar 8 Chandraprabha Mahäsen Lakshmanä Chandrapuri Chandrapuri Sametshikhar 9 Suvidhinäth / Pushpadanta Sugriva Rämä Räni Käkandi Käkandi Sametshikhar 10 Shitalnäth Dradharath Nandä Räni Bhadrilpur Bhadrilpur Sametshikhar 11 Shreyänsnäth Vishnu Vishnu Devi Simhapuri Simhapur Sametshikhar 12 Väsupujya-swämi Vasupujya Jayä Devi Champäpuri Champäpuri Champäpuri 13 Vimalnäth Krutavarma Shyämä Devi Kämpilyapur Kämpilyapur Sametshikhar 14 Anantnäth Simhasen Suyashä Ayodhyä Ayodhyä Sametshikhar 15 Dharmnäth Bhänu Suvratä Ratnapur Ratnapur Sametshikhar 16 Shäntinäth Vishvasen Achirä Hastinäpur Hastinäpur Sametshikhar 17 Kunthunäth Surasen Shree Räni Hastinäpur Hastinäpur Sametshikhar 18 Aranäth Sudarshan Devi Räni Hastinäpur Hastinäpur Sametshikhar 19 Mallinäth Kumbha Prabhävati Mithilä Mithilä Sametshikhar 20 Munisuvrat-swämi Sumitra Padmävati Räjgruhi Räjgruhi Sametshikhar 21 Naminäth Vijay Viprä Mithilä Mithilä Sametshikhar 22 Neminäth Samudravijay Shivä Devi Suryapur Dwärkä Girnar 23 Pärshvanäth Ashvasen Vämä Devi Väränasi Väränasi Sametshikhar 24 Mahävirswämi Siddhärtha Trishalä Kshatriya-kund Kshatriya-kund Päväpuri 42
4 IMPORTANT INFORMATION ABOUT TIRTHANKARS Tirthankar Rushabhadev s mother was Märudevi Mätä and according to Shvetämbar tradition, she was the first person to attain liberation in this era. Tirthankar Rushabhadev had 100 sons. The name of his eldest son was Bharat (first Chakravarti king) after whom our native nation Bhärat (India) is named. One of Bharat s sons, Marichi, ultimately reincarnated as Tirthankar Mahävir, the last Tirthankar of this era. Tirthankar Rushabhadev s second son was Bähubali, and according to Digambar tradition, he was the first person to attain liberation in this era. Shvetämbar tradition believes that Tirthankar Mallinäth was a female while Digambar tradition believes that Mallinäth was a male. According to Shvetämbar tradition, Tirthankars Mallinäth and Neminäth were the only two Tirthankars who did not get married. According to Digambar tradition, Väsupujya-swämi, Pärshvanäth, and Mahävir-swämi also did not get married. Lord Ram (an incarnation of Lord Vishnu in Hindu Mythology) is believed to be a contemporary of Tirthankar Munisuvrat-swämi. Tirthankar Neminäth is believed to be a cousin of Lord Krishna, (another incarnation of Lord Vishnu). Prince Nemi (Tirthankar Neminäth) was engaged to Princess Räjul. On the day of the wedding, upon hearing the cries of the birds and animals that were going to be slaughtered for the wedding feast, Prince Nemi renounced his worldly life and became a monk. Princess Räjul followed him and became a nun. Tirthankar Pärshvanäth was born in 877 BC. He lived for 100 years and attained Nirväna in 777 BC, 250 years before the Nirväna of Tirthankar Mahävir. Tirthankar Mahävirswämi was born in 599 BC and attained Nirväna (Moksha) in 527 BC. He was named Prince Vardhamän at birth. He attained Nirväna on the day of Diwäli. He is the last of the 24 Tirthankars of this time cycle. 23 Tirthankars (except Neminäth) were born and took Dikshä in the same place. 43
5 01. BULL (VRUSHABH) Länchhan for Rushabhadev (Ädinäth) 44
6 02. ELEPHANT (GAJWAR) Länchhan for Ajitnäth 45
7 03. HORSE (ASHVA) Länchhan for Sambhavnäth 46
8 04. MONKEY (VÄNAR) Länchhan for Abhinandan-swämi 47
9 05. CURLEW BIRD (SHORE BIRD) Länchhan for Sumatinäth 48
10 06. RED LOTUS (KAMAL) Länchhan for Padmaprabha 49
11 07. SWASTIKA Länchhan for Supärshvanäth 50
12 08. CRESCENT MOON (CHANDRA) Länchhan for Chandraprabha 51
13 09. CROCODILE (MAKAR) Länchhan for Suvidhinäth (Pushpadanta) 52
14 10. SHRIVATSA Länchhan for Shitalnäth 53
15 11. RHINOCEROS (KHAGIN) Länchhan for Shreyänsnäth 54
16 12. BUFFALO (MAHISH) Länchhan for Väsupujya-swämi 55
17 13. PIG-BOAR (VARÄH) Länchhan for Vimalnäth 56
18 14. EAGLE/HAWK (SHYEN) Länchhan for Anantnäth 57
19 15. THUNDERBOLT (VAJRA) Länchhan for Dharmanäth 58
20 16. DEER (MRUG) Länchhan for Shäntinäth 59
21 17. GOAT (CHHÄG) Länchhan for Kunthunäth 60
22 18. NANDÄVARTA Länchhan for Aranäth 61
23 19. POT (KUMBHA) Länchhan for Mallinäth 62
24 20. TORTOISE (KURMA) Länchhan for Munisuvrat-swämi 63
25 21. BLUE LOTUS (NEEL KAMAL) Länchhan for Naminäth 64
26 22. CONCH SHELL (SHANKH) Länchhan for Neminäth 65
27 23. SNAKE (SARP) Länchhan for Pärshvanäth 66
28 24. LION (SINH) Länchhan for Mahävirswämi 67
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