Mathema'cal*Beauty*in*Rome* *Lecture*10:*St.*Peter s* St.*Peter s*basilica* St.*Peter s*basilica*

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1 Mathema'cal*Beauty*in*Rome* *Lecture*10:*St.*Peter s* Prof.*Joseph*Pasquale* *University*of*California,*San*Diego* TV*ES*PETRVS*ET*SVPER*HANC*PETRAM*AEDIFICABO*ECCLESIAM* MEAM.*TIBI*DABO*CLAVES*REGNI*CAELORVM* (You*are*Peter,*and*on*this*rock*I*will*build*my*church.*I*will*give* you*the*keys*of*the*kingdom*of*heaven)* *le^ering*inside*dome* 1* 2* St.*Peter s*basilica* One*of*the*four*papal* and*major*basilicas* 5.7*acres* Can*hold*60,000* Burial*site*of*St.*Peter* (below*altar)* First*apostle,*Pope* St.*Peter s*basilica* Original*basilica*there* since*4 th *century*ce* Current*basilica* Began*1506* Completed*1626* Regarded*as*greatest* building*of*its*age* 3* 4*

2 History*of*Construc'on* Church*Architecture*Basics* Constan'ne*builds*Old*St.*Peter s,*326c333*ad* Pope*Nicholas*V*commissions*repair*or* rebuilding* Dies*in*1455*AD* Had*2522*cartloads*of*stone*from*Colosseum* In*1505,*Pope*Julius*II*commissions*new* building* Holds*compe''on* 5* 6* Requirements* Big*dome,*like*that*of*Brunelleschi* Symmetrical*plan* Greek*cross*(like*St.*Mark s*in*venice)* La'n*cross*(like*S.*Maria*del*Fiore*in*Florence)* Bramante s*plan* Bramante*wins* First*stone*laid*in*1506* Greek*Cross *plan* Central*dome*like* Pantheon,*plus*four* lower*domes* Unlike*Pantheon,*square* with*four*piers* 7* 8*

3 Raphael s*plan* Pope*Julius*II*dies*in*1513* Bramante*replaced*with* Sangallo,*Giocondo,*Raphael* Sangallo,*Giocondo*die*in*1515* Raphael s*addi'ons* Nave*of*5*bays,*chapels*off*aisles* Note*ambulatories,*chancel,* trancept* Michelangelo*and*Maderno s*plan* In*1520,*Raphael*dies,*age*37* Perruzzi*and*Sangallo*the* Younger*evolve*plans* Jan*1,*1547,*Pope*Paul*assigns* Michelangelo,*now*in*his*70 s* Michelangelo*goes*back*to* Greek*Cross,*extended*with* Maderno s*nave*and*facade* 9* 10* Dome* Total*height:*448*j* Tallest*dome*in*world* Internal*diameter:*136*j* Smaller*than*Pantheon* and*brunelleschi s* Bramante s*dome* Modeled*ajer*the*Pantheon* Include*lantern*and*drum* 11* 12*

4 Sangallo s*dome* Michelangelo s*dome* Modeled*ajer* Brunelleschi s*dome* Two*shells*of*brick* 16*ribs* On*a*drum,*raised*on** piers* Corinthian*columns,** connected*by*arches* More*ovoid*in*profile*than*figure*shows* Inner*and*outer*domes* Ribs* Make*lantern*bigger* 13* The*Final*Design* 14* Le^ering*Inside*Dome* TV*ES*PETRVS*ET*SVPER* HANC*PETRAM*AEDIFICABO* ECCLESIAM*MEAM.*TIBI* DABO*CLAVES*REGNI* CAELORVM* You*are*Peter,*and*on*this* rock*i*will*build*my*church.*i* will*give*you*the*keys*of*the* kingdom*of*heaven* Michelangelo*dies*in*1564* Pope*Sixtus*appoints* Giacomo*della*Porta,* assisted*by*d.*fontana* Dome*completed*in*1590* Fontana*completes* lantern* 15* 16*

5 Maderno s*facade* Maderno s*nave* Facade*dimensions* Maderno*adds*3* addi'onal*bays* Slightly*'lted*axis* of*nave*to*align* be^er*with* outside*obelisk* 376*j*wide* 149*j*high* Traver'ne*stone* Cri'cism:*screens* the*dome* 17* Enter*Bernini*( )* 18* Bernini s*baldacchino* Appointed*as*Maderno s*successor*by*pope* Urban*VIII*in*1629* Worked*on*St.*Peter s*for*50*years* Greatest*architect*and*sculptor*of*Baroque* period* Frames*the*alter* 98*j*tall* Largest*bronze* (much*from*the* Pantheon)* Quod*non*fecerunt* barbari,*fecerunt* Barberini* 19* 20*

6 Bernini s*cathedra*petri* St.*Peter s*square* Throne*of*St.*Peter* Claimed*was*used* by*st.*peter* Appears*to*date*to* 12th*century* Bernini*ingenuity* Trapezoid*in*front*of*basilica* Ovato*for*piazza* 21* View*from*Top*of*St.*Peter s* 22* Greatest*Masters* 23* Bramante* Raphael* Michelangelo* Bernini* 24*

7 Arnolfo*di*Cambio s*st.*peter* Bernini s*monument*to*alexander*vii* 25* 26* Michelangelo s*pietà* Mosaic*of*Raphael s*transfigura'on* 27* 28*

8 Wikipedia* Wikimedia*Commons* Sources* 29*