Comenius Project World Heritage Amazing Treasures. Terni Italy 08th/14th December Gymkhana. Enjoying the artistic and cultural beauty of Italy

Transcription

1 Comenius Project World Heritage Amazing Treasures Terni Italy 08th/14th December 2014 Gymkhana Enjoying the artistic and cultural beauty of Italy 1

2 World Heritage Amazing Treasures Multilateral school partnership project Liceo R. Donatelli Via della Vittoria, 35 Terni, Italy This project has been funded with support from the European Commission. This publication reflects the views only of the authors, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein December

3 Table of contents Daily schedule 4 Your Gymkhana team 5 Map of Terni 6 Terni 7 Map of central Rome 8 Strolling through Rome 9 Map of Assisi 15 Saint Francis of Assisi and other Franciscan sites 16 Map of Florence 21 Strolling through Florence 22 Notes 26 3

4 Daily schedule: Italian Meeting Terni, 8 th - 14th December

5 Gymkhana Team Team name Team members Name Country 5

6 Map of Terni Hotel Michelangelo Residence Bizzoni Liceo Donatelli 6

7 Terni Terni is situated near the southern border of the Umbrian region, in the centre of Italy. Originally founded as an ancient Roman town, the city has changed across the centuries. During the 19th century it became an industrial town. Because of its great steel industries the city was heavily bombed during World War II. Today the city is deeply rooted in its past but it is also a town where new buildings merge perfectly with the old ones. Terni is famous as the "City of Love", as its patron saint, Saint Valentine, was born here and became the bishop of the town. His remains are preserved in the basilica-sanctuary built in his honour; it is also well known as the City of Water" for the abundant rivers flowing through its valley and for the presence of the Marmore Waterfalls which is the most significant scenic attraction of the region. Marmore Waterfalls Saint Valentine Church The roar of waters! From the headlong height Velino cleaves the wave-worn precipice. The fall of waters! Rapid as the light the flashing mass foams shaking the abyss. The hell of waters! George Gordon Byron 7

8 Map of Rome 8

9 The Colosseum Strolling through Rome The Colosseum is the greatest work of Roman architecture, it's the largest amphitheater in the world, in fact it could hold spectators. Unfortunately it has been damaged by earthquakes but, despite this, in 2007 it was included among the new 7 wonders of the world. It's situated in the centre of Rome and it's the symbol of the city. It was started in 70 A.D. by Vespasian and it was used for gladiatorial contests and public spectacles. The population occupied the cavea which was divided into 5 sectors each intended for a different social category: in the first sector there were the senators, in the second there were the knights, in the last one there were the women while the emperor sat on the stage of honour. It's a huge elliptical structure. The first three tiers consist of 80 arches, the fourth order is a wall where there are 40 windows and above there was a large curtain that served to protect the spectators from the sun or the rain. (by Martina Paolucci) What games used to be played in the Colosseum? Before the Colosseum was built, what used to be in the valley? When was it enlisted among the Unesco Heritage Sites? The Imperial Forum It was the religious, political and administrative centre of Rome. A series of public squares surrounded by majestic buildings were built between 46 BC and 113 AD. Unfortunately in the 1930s the Italian dictator Mussolini decided to build Via dei Fori Imperiali, a large triumphal road connecting the Colosseum with Piazza Venezia. The road runs straight through the Imperial Forum, hence a large part of this archeologically highly valuable area is now covered with asphalt. There are now two remaining visible parts of the Imperial Forum, on each side of the wide road. ( by Giulia Ministro) What are the Seven Hills of Rome? What are the two hills among which the Forum is located? 9

10 The Campidoglio Also called Capitoline hill, it is one of the seven hills around which Rome was founded. The Campidoglio is the centre of Rome s power, the mayor of the city has his office here. The famous Campidoglio s staircase called Cordonata Capitolina, the square and the two Renaissance palaces: Palazzo dei Conservatori and Palazzo Nuovo (now housing the Capitoline Museum) were designed by Michelangelo in XV century. The decorated paving of the square represents a stylized star, in the centre there is the bronze statue of Marcus Aurelius. ( by Caterina Fucile, Francesca Romana Lucci) What is a Cordonata? Take a selfie in front of the statue bronze Piazza Venezia Piazza Venezia is one of the largest squares in Rome. In it many main roads intersect. It takes its name from Venice, after the Venetian Cardinal, Pietro Barbo, who ordered the building of Palazzo Venezia. In the central part of the square there is the Vittoriano, a monument dedicated to Vittorio Emanuele II, the last Italian king. In it an Unknown Soldier of the First World War was buried in 1921 to commemorate all the unidentified soldiers with a single tomb and to honour the common memories of all soldiers killed in any war. (by Camilla Laurenti) Which main roads intersect here? 10

11 The Trevi Fountain The Trevi Fountain is one of the greatest historical and cultural landmarks in Rome. It is the largest Baroque fountain in the city and one of the most famous fountains in the world, since it has appeared in several notable films, including Federico Fellini s La dolce vita. It is a popular tourist attraction in fact tourists love to throw coins into the fountain and make a wish. The majority of the fountain is made by travertine stone and Oceanus, the god of all water, is set in the central cavity. Unfortunately, at the moment, the fountain is being restored (by Martina Carlini) What is the name of the aqueduct which supplies water to this fountain? The name Trevi derives from the Latin word trivium that indicated the crossing of three streets. What are the names of these three streets? Look at the floor of the fountain. There are a lot of coins. Why do tourists throw coins into the fountain? If you like the idea, do the same. The Spanish Square Look at what is positioned on the right hand side of the steps. What is the name of the church at the top of the steps? The monumental stairway of 135 steps called The Spanish Steps, dominated by a wonderful church at the top, was built in At the bottom of the Spanish steps lies the Spanish square, one of the most popular meeting places in Rome. The long, triangular square, is named after the Spanish Embassy that lies on it. In the seventeenth century, the area around the embassy was even considered Spanish territory. In the middle of the square there is the famous fountain called the Barcaccia: "Fountain of the ugly Boat", dating to the beginning of the baroque age. According to a legend, the fountain was installed after a boat had been brought there by a flood of the Tiber river. ( by Sofia Ermini) 11

12 Montecitorio Palace It houses the Chamber of Deputies of the Italian Republic. This palace was built by Bernini in The papal law courts were installed there. The main bell (which is now rung only on the occasion of the election of the President of the Republic) marked the beginning of the papal audiences and its precision in tolling the hours became proverbial in Rome. After the unification of Italy, Montecitorio was chosen, as the seat of the Chamber of Deputies. In Montecitorio there are more than one thousand paintings and sculptures and a lot of archeological findings. ( by Matteo Salemi) Look for the logo of the Italian Chamber of Deputies and draw it The Pantheon The Pantheon was a temple dedicated to all gods. It was commissioned by Marcus Agrippa and rebuilt by the emperor Hadrian. It s constituted by a portico of large granite Corinthian columns, a cylindrical body and a hemispherical dome with a central opening to the sky. It s one of the best preserved of all the ancient Roman buildings. Since the 7th century, the Pantheon has been used as a Roman Catholic Church. The church, dedicated to Saint Mary, is known as "Santa Maria della Rotonda. The square in front of the Pantheon is called Piazza della Rotonda. (By Arianna Testa) In the centre of the dome s roof there is a central oculus that lights the room. Can you guess the diameter of the oculus? Inside the Pantheon one of the most famous Italian artists is buried. Who is he? Look for his memorial stone and take a picture. 12

13 Piazza Navona The shape of the square is strange. What used to be there in the past? Which Roman Emperor the stadium was dedicated to? When was the stadium built? This vast square is built on the site of a ancient Roman stadium. It was transformed into a public place in the last years of 15th century, when the city market was held here but it was moved again in 1869 to the nearby Campo dè Fiori square. In the middle stands the famous Fountain of the Four Rivers (1651) by Bernini. The fountain is majestic and at the centre of it, there is a marble sculpture representing plants and exotic animals. A lion and a horse drink at the fountain and at the cave s sides there are the personifications of the four rivers. In the middle of the sculpture there is an obelisk and on its top there is a dove, symbol of Christianity. A famous Christmas market is held in the square. (by Sofia Ermini) Fountain of the Four Rivers Put a tick next to what the names of the rivers are. Danube Nile Guadalquivir Oder Nemunas Rio de la Plata Colorado Kizilirmak Gange The Mausoleum of Hadrian It is a towering cylindrical fortress, built in 125 AD as a mausoleum for the Emperor Hadrian but it has also been a prison and a papal residence. It was used by former Popes who hid there for protection in times of danger. There is a covered passageway which still connects the fortress to the Vatican. Today the building hosts The National Museum which exhibits paintings, pieces of pottery and antique military weapons (by Sara Posanzini) How is the fortress usually called in Italian? 13

14 Saint Peter It is a late Renaissance church located within the Vatican city. The first church of Saint Peter was built in the place where the Saint was martyred. The cathedral was built between 319 and 326 A.D and was reconstructed in the year 1500 by Bramante, Michelangelo and Bernini to celebrate the new splendour of Rome and it still remains one of the largest churches in the world. Today it is regarded as one of the holiest Catholic sites because it is used by the Pope as his residence. The basilica is the burial site of Saint Peter, one of the twelve apostles of Jesus. Thousands of pilgrims reach the Basilica of St. Peter every year, to visit this holy place or to attend the Pope s liturgical functions which draw audiences of 15,000 to over 80,000 people, either within the Vatican Basilica, or in St. Peter's Square. ( by Sara Stentella) What does the shape of the big square of Saint Peter represent? Look for the window which the Pope leans out of to talk to the faithful. Take a picture of it. In the square in front of the two lateral fountains there is a black circle in the pavement which shows a particular point. Stand on that point and look at the colonnade. How many lines of columns can you see? The Canopy is exactly over the most important place of the Basilica. What is this place? The Pietá by Michelangelo is a statue made from white marble. Where did this marble come from? Carrara Verona Taormina Prato Where is the Pietà placed as one enters the Basilica? In the chapel on the 14

15 Map of Assisi 15

16 Saint Francis and Franciscan sites Saint Francis life Francis was born in Assisi. He belonged to a middle class family which had achieved considerable richness thanks to the cloth and silk business. Wanting to become a knight, Francis went away to do a battle in Puglia, during his journey he had a dream which totally changed his plans because God appeared to him and told him he should have devoted his life to Christianity. One day while he was praying in the little church of the Portiuncola, he had a mystical vision of Jesus Christ in which the Icon of Christ Crucified came alive and said to him three times, "Francis, go and repair my house which, as you can see, is falling into ruins". Francis understood his christian vocation and gave away all his possessions in order to live in poverty. From that moment on Saint Francis became a friar and a hermit, living in poverty in close contact with God and his creation. Francis saw it as a house which God had given to humanity, where his wisdom, power and goodness could be contemplated. For this reason he called all the creatures his brothers and sisters and considered them God s gifts for all the humankind and praised them in his famous Canticle of the Creatures. During the last years of his relatively short life he was half blind and seriously ill. On his deathbed, he repeated over and over again "Be praised, O Lord, for our sister death.". (by Harpreet Kaur and Fiorella Jaku) Write down when Francis was born and when he died. 16

17 Saint Francis Basilica The Basilica of St. Francis is one of the most important places of Christian pilgrimage in Italy. The basilica, which was begun in 1228, is built into the side of a hill and comprises two churches known as the Upper Church and the Lower Church, and a crypt where the remains of the saint are interred. When was it enlisted among the Unesco World Heritage Sites? The Upper Basilica The façade of the upper basilica has a portal in Gothic style with twin doors and a beautiful rose window. This bright and spacious church consists of a single nave with crossvaulted ceiling bordered with patterns of crosses and leaves while the four vaults are decorated alternately with golden stars on a blue background and paintings. The walls of the Church are decorated with frescoes by numerous late medieval painters. They include works by Cimabue, Giotto, Simone Martini and Pietro Lorenzetti. The range and quality of the works gives the basilica a unique importance in demonstrating the development of Italian art of this period ( by Amin Bey El Adji) What are the names of the architects who are believed to have designed the Basilica? Some years ago an earthquake heavily damaged the Basilica and its frescoes. When did the earthquake hit Assisi? 17

18 Giotto s frescoes The episodes of Saint Francis life and his miracles, were the subject of a cycle of 28 frescoes painted between 1290 and 1295 along the lower part of the naïve in the Upper Basilica and their authorship is traditionally attributed to Giotto. The reading order of the frescoes proceeds from the right to the left wall. The life story begins with the Homage in the Marketplace in Assisi to St Francis, and ends with the Liberation of the Heretic Peter, a miracle ascribed to St Francis after his death. In each of the individual scenes the spatial and plastic vividness was until that moment completely unknown in painting. This feature made of Giotto an uncontested artist. (By Francesca Romana Micanti) In the fresco The Renouncement of the Material Goods you can see a particular object in the sky. What is it? The Lower Basilica Works for the building of the Lower Basilica started in July 1228 and finished in 1230, when the saint's mortal remains, deposed in a sarcophagus, were laid under the greater altar, and where they are still kept in a crypt surrounded by four of his friends and followers. The Basilica is in a Romanesque- Gothic style. It hasn't much elevation, in fact it presents low and large pillars to support the weight of the Upper Basilica. The frescoes that can be admired in it are by Giotto, Cimabue and Simone Martini. ( by Simone Barbarossa, Edoardo Angelosanti) What are the names of Francis four friends who are buried around him? When did they die? How many steps do you have to walk down to reach Saint Francis tomb? 18

19 The New Church The New Church (Chiesa Nuova in Italian) was built in 1615 on the site of Saint Francis s birthplace. It was called New Church because it was the last church to be built in Assisi at that time. The Baroque façade is made of rose-colored bricks. Inside, the plan is a Greek cross with a large dome visible from the outside. The interior walls and the transepts of the church are decorated with frescoes representing stories of the life of Saint Francis. The high altar was positioned exactly over where the room of St. Francis was. The shop where Francis sold his cloth and the cell in which he was imprisoned by his father can also be visited (by Eugenia Bulat, Emine Ballin) On the right of the church there are two statues. Who do they represent? Take a picture of Pietro di Bernardone s cloth shop. Saint Clare The Church is dedicated to Saint Clare of Assisi and contains her mortal remains. She was a follower of Saint Francis and the founder of the Order of the Poor Clares. Clare belonged to a rich and noble family of Assisi, but when she was 18, following Francis example, she escaped from her family and reached Francis in the Portiuncola. There, Francis cut her hair and dedicated her to the Lord. From then she devoted her life to the care of poor and sick people. She died when she was 60 years old and after two years Pope Alexander IV proclaimed her a "Saint". The church was built after Clare s death in 1257 to celebrate her life and devotion to God (by Marta de Luca, Giovanni Palenga, Emanuele Miccinilli, Chiara Battaglini) Which relic is kept in the oratory behind the altar? What is the miraculous event linked to this icon? Vision Indulgence Hermitage 19

20 The Porziuncola It is a small church located within the Basilica of Santa Maria degli Angeli in Assisi. It is the place from where the Franciscan movement started. The old and ruined chapel was located on a small portion of land called in Latin "Portiuncula". One day, while Francis was praying in it, he had a mystical vision of Jesus Christ in which the Icon of Christ Crucified came alive and said to him three times, "Francis, go and repair my house which, as you can see, is falling into ruins". Francis took this literally to mean the ruined church in which he was presently praying, and so he sold his horse and some cloth from his father's store and restored the church. There Francis founded the Order of the Minor Friars. In September 1226, feeling his end approaching, St. Francis asked to be brought back to the Portiuncola. He died there on 3 October After his death, the spiritual value and the charisma of the Portiuncola became even greater. (by Jennifer Fabrizi, Chiara Ferranti, Elena Ciculi, Ecaterina Popa) The Pardon of Assisi is the plenary indulgence granted to all those who: Visit the Portiuncola and confess their sins Go to Portiuncola on foot from Rome Give a donation before entering the Portiuncola 20

21 Map of Florence 21

22 Strolling through Florence Basilica of the Holy Cross The Basilica of the Holy Cross is the largest Franciscan church in the world. It is the burial place of some of the most illustrious Italians, such as Michelangelo, Galilei, Machiavelli, Foscolo, Rossini thus it is known as the Temple of the Italian Glories. Its most notable features are its tombs and cenotaphs and its sixteen chapels, many of them decorated with frescoes by Giotto (by Valeria Pesca) Which word describes the architectural style of the church? Renaissance Modernism Expressionism Baroque Romanesque Why is it also called the Temple of the Italian Glories? Piazza della Signoria Piazza della Signoria was named after the impressive 14th-century Palazzo della Signoria (also called Palazzo Vecchio) which stands on it. It's an L-shaped square and it was the centre of the the Florentine Republic and it still maintains its reputation as the administrative, political and economical centre of the city. In fact today Piazza della Signoria is still the heart of the city and a popular meeting place of Florentines and numerous tourists. (by Giorgia Ciribuco) The David by Michelangelo which you can admire at the entrance of Palazzo della Signoria is a replica. Where is the original one kept? Uffizi Gallery Gallery of the Academy Pitti Palace museum 22

23 The Basilica of Saint Mary of the Flower It was designed in the Gothic style by Arnolfo di Cambio and it was completed structurally in The imposing dome was engineered by Filippo Brunelleschi. The façade of the church is made with marble panels in various shades of green and pink bordered by white. The three huge bronze doors are adorned with scenes from the life of the Madonna. The Gothic interior is vast and gives an empty impression. The relative bareness of the church corresponds to the austerity of religious life. The cathedral complex, located in Piazza del Duomo, includes the Baptistery and Giotto s belltower. The three buildings are part of the Unesco World Heritage Site. (by Patrizia Petrollini) The cathedral was dedicated to the Holy Virgin but what does the flower represent? The first part of the church is dedicated to the civil iconography. Identify the busts of Brunelleschi and Giotto and take a picture of both of them. The Baptistery It is a religious building dedicated to St. John, patron of the city. It has an octagonal shape and it is located in front of the Cathedral of Saint Mary the Flower, in Piazza San Giovanni. It is one of the oldest buildings of the city, in fact it was built between 1059 and 1128 in the Florentine Romanesque style. The Baptistery is famous for its artistically important bronze doors, decorated with sculptures, by Andrea Pisano and Lorenzo Ghiberti. The Italian poet Dante and many other important Renaissance figures, were baptized there. (by Claudia Diamanti) How many bronze doors are there? One of them is called The Door of Paradise. Who gave it this name? What colour is the marble of the façade? 23

24 The Basilica of Santa Maria Novella Santa Maria Novella is the greatest church in Florence. It was built between 1279 and 1357 for the Dominican friars and today it is still a Dominican church. It has a Tuscan gothic façade striped in green and white marble. This same design continues in the adjoining wall around the old churchyard. It contains a store of art treasures and funerary monuments. Great relevance have its XIV-XV century frescoes, financed by the most important Florentine families who obtained in change funerary chapels on consecrated ground. On the edges of the façade you can see arches which show two astronomical instruments. Take a picture of them. Old Bridge It is one of the symbols of Florence and one of the most famous bridges in the world. The medieval bridge crosses the river Arno. It has shops built along its length, as it was common during the Middle Ages. Originally there were many butchers' shops but they were replaced by jewellers, art dealers and souvenir sellers stores because of their bad smell. In the centre of the bridge there is the statue of Benvenuto Cellini. The railings of the monument are used today by young people in love who hang locks with their names and throw the keys into the river as a symbol of eternal love. ( by Giorgia Bianchi) What is the element below Benvenuto Cellini s bust? Copy the inscription below Cellini s bust. On the railings of the monument there is a golden sign. What does it forbid? 24

25 Uffizi Gallery The building was designed by the famous architect Giorgio Vasari and at the beginning it was created to accommodate the offices of the judiciary and the administration. In 1581 the Uffizi was transformed into an art gallery holding the extraordinary De Medici s masterpieces and it became the oldest museum in Europe. Over the years the collection of paintings and statues was enlarged thanks to the donations of great patrons and collectors. (by Benedetta Mazzieri) Why is the museum called the Uffizi? The Uffizi is the oldest museum in Europe. Who was the man who set it up? List three of the most important pictures which are kept in the Uffizi Gallery. 25

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28 Liceo R. Donatelli Via della Vittoria, 35 Terni, Italy Created by Francesca Genuini, Debbie Del Grosso English Teachers Cristina Gorietti, Giuliana Nasoni, Paola Negroni History of Art Teachers All the presentations were written by the students of the classes 3GL & 4GL Designed by Anna Ceravolo Maths/Physics Teacher Published by Liceo Donatelli Via della Vittoria, Terni - Italy - Tel. 0744/ Fax 0744/ trps03000x@istruzione.it Posta Certificata: trps03000x@pec.istruzione.it December