THE ORACLE SEMI-ANNUAL PUBLICATION OF THE GRAND CHAPTER OF

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1 --l' THE ORACLE SEM-ANNUAL PUBLCATON OF THE GRAND CHAPTER OF THE OMEGA PS PH FRATERNTY - a-c-:r-«.-g. /'(J / 7' - EDTED BY s. M. Do'uGAss, G. C. s. j CONTENTS Cover Desgn by W. Justn Carter, Jr. Page. ntroducton Foreword The Grand Chapter Sul.Jordnale Chapters: Alpha Beta Gamma New Chapters Lest We Forget The War Chapter Camp Howard Chapter Our Elder Brothers The Challenge lluutay BROS. PUBLSHERS WASHNGTON, D. C. -:

2 who on the CAPTAN "'f!m" DENT battle-telds of Franee brought glory hs fraternty, and hs raee. to hmself,,:;\ )!tc!' ' NTRODUCTON Twce each year t becomes the delght'll task oj some member of the Grand Chapter of the Omega Ps Ph Frar.crnty to relate through t chef organ "The Oracle," the achevements o:f hs brothers. f t w<h'l". possble to stlte here all that took place n connecton wt:h the organzaton that s of mportance and of real worth, the publcaton would easly <.:!am over one hundred pages of the chocest readng matter. Several plans of arrangement suggested themselves n the edtng of ths ssue. The frst was that of dvdng the matter nto two man parts; the one dealng wth the actvtes that took place wthn the organzaton only, and the other part dealng wth the relatonshp whch Omega bore to the outsde world. t was easly seen, however, that such a dvson would be a laborous task requrng coope1 aton such as the exgences of the tme made well ngh mpossble. But n the next ssue, we hope to carry such a plan nto effect by establshng a thoroughgong systematc complaton of statstcs, and by ganng the perfect cooperaton of competent reporters n the subordnate chapters. The plan whch we found most expedent to adopt, was that of gvng an account of the actvtes takng place n each chapter n the order of ts establshment. Workng n harmony wth ths dea, the contrbutng edtors have responded n manner that s hghly commendable. On account of the recent establshment of Delta and Epslon chapters, they were unable to cooperate n ths wse, and the story of ther mere establshment must suffce. Havng dealt wth the general outlne of the "Ortlcle," we move on to ts functon. Evdently :J'ew have realzed n the past, htrw ndspensable and vtally mportant s the voce of an organzaton to ts proper functonng. 'he "Oraele" s our voce more than ths, t s our powerful rght Lrm. Had not the war nterrupted ts functonng n ts fullest capacty, ths organ would have told us n full what we have too much of, what we have enough of, and that whch s always mportant, what we need. t would have done ths by means of a deducton from comparatve statstcs gleaned from all subordnate chapters. n short, t would have set forth the status of the Omega Ps Ph Fraternty as to ts beng prepm ed to enter the greater era, at the threshold of whch t now stands. There are always many thngs that we a1 e eager to know n connecton wth chapters other than our own. Among some of these would be the names of those who stand out promnently n ther.nsttuton as scholars, as athletes, and as leaders. Equally as eager are we to know the names of those who are promnent and fathful n ther work n the organz:;t!cn -the staunch Omega men. As to the Alumn, we are nterested n the progress they are makng n ther varous occupatons, also n the frendly relatonshps that they stll mantan wth the chapter that they leave behnd at ther Alma Mater. So mportant are these tems that they should not be erlooked. No

3 4 THE ORACLE large body composed of scattered groups of. ndvduals, s capable of accomplshng ts maxmum of good when no one of those groups has an accurate and thorough knowledge of the workngs of the others. Lack of unty s nvarab.l)' attended by a Joss n e1tlcency and enthusasm. The :functon of the "Oracle" s Jllan enough. The next problem, then, s one of CLn yng out ths functon. n a matter of ths knd, t seems as hough the plan that offers the greater oppoj'tunty for cooperaton, s the most welcome. No doubt the best dea would be the one that <:alls for a quarterly publcaton wheh shall be composed of materal submtted by the two edtors of each subordnate chapter, the one of whch FOREWORD Planly dd the founders of the Omega Ps Ph Fraternty foresee the comn{< oj a great day for the natonal brotherhood of young Negro college men of worth. They-Professor E. E. Just, Edgar A. Love, Oscar J. Cooper and Frank Coleman --lke all other successful founders, had an unselftsh vson. Call t a dream f you Bo desre, ye t was a dream wth a :foundaton bult upon r ealty and sound reasonng. They had acquanted themselves wth the benefcent results of contad and ntmate relatonshp for whch the fraternty lfe n our great nsttutons of learnng had largely been responsble. They were also aware of the each. chapter and.three grand offkers marvelous strdes that were then beng taken n the hgher educaton of the Negro, and that he had reached shall make t hs duty to comple all statstcs called for by the edtor n chef; whle the other shall relate mat.. ters pertanng to all actvtes oecurrng n connecton wth that chapter. There should also be specal artcles submtted by members of the organzaton. An annual fee of one dollar per member should be leved n order to defray the expenses of publcaton. t s hghly dsrable that every member of Omega gve hs earnest consderaton to these plans, and submt to the edtor n chef any practcable suggestons pertanng to ths mportant feld of endeavor n our fraternty lfe. THE EDTOR. that stage n hs ethcal tranng where t would serve hm well to partake of the fruts of wholesome brotherhood. :lfore than once dd these poneers of Omega ask themselves whether or not t would mal\e such men broad or narrow n ther vews toward the world that surrounded them; whether or not t would promote n these a sprt of sacrfce for the commo11 good, or one of selfshness n deal ng wth ther fellowmen. They saw both sdes, and stll ther dream was lumnous. They were satsfed that a great natonal fraternty of coll ege men, :fred wth the four paramount prncples of Scholarshp, Manhood, Uplft, and Perseverance, would consttute a power ndeed t And Baumgardner wrote well when he sad n regard to these "There rest upon us a great.respon l sblty. \Ve stand Jor Manhood as a prncple. We cam1ot, therefore, stoop to any mean thought or act; Manhood means purty of thought and act. We eannot h1 true to our fraternty or to ts founders, or to our ra<:e, or to ourselves, unless we are real Men. "Remember Scholarshp whch Rhould be the fundamental consderaton of academc lfe. The mantenal1c:e oj a hgh scholarshp justfes our exstence ag a colleg-e organzaton. \Ve need more men of ntellect n our r<.lc:e; there s nothng that would gve our race more prestge than real attanment n the arts and Hccnc.es. ''Let us consder PerHeverance. Ths s a qualty whch we should strve to possess, for wthout t nothng: substantal tan be attaned. We cmmot mantan a hgh scholarshp, nor can we be real men unless we persevere. "Lastly we come to Uplft. The ad vantages we derve :from our trannp;, qnafy us to lend a helpng hand to those who are g:rop ng n the darkness of the pt of gnorance and mmoralty. Unless we strve to uplft fallen humanty and to lve usetul lves, we have msused our talents." He then refers to the work of the THE ORACLE 5 founders, sayng: "The founders ndeed wrought better than they thought. The bond of unon created n such an organzaton s a thng whch stops not wthn the college wall. We must see to t that after leavng college, we shall look back to the fraternty wth reverence, and tha the fraternty may pont to us wth prde." Eght years have passed snce the founders met n perjormance of ther herculean task, and the Omega P::; Ph Fratern.!ty s today a lvng organwton. :F've flourshng chapters have sprung up to nsu1 e the perpetuaton of a great deal. Her men are act.vll everywher<:). 'rlh'-y are constantly encounterng df1cultes and overcomng them, as they push ther wa)' to the :fore where opportunty for stll greater servt:e awats them as a reward. 'rhere s a future for the Omega Ps Ph, and stored away n t somewhere s the full realzaton of the dreams of ts :founders. Bravcly and dlgently performng the tasks remanng before us, as bravely we faced those that we have already performed, we come speedly to that realzaton. Omega, the :future welcomes you; the challenge of your founders bc!r you enter!

4 GRAND LLOYD H. NEWMAN n an o1 ganzaton such as a group of afflated <:ollege :fraternty chapters. scattered here and then n dfdefent schools and n dff<1rent Jlarts of the country t becomes necessary that there be Home grand commttee or supreme.jod', the funeton of whch s to plan and look out for the welfare of all of the suhorduate chapters as a whole. Such s the.l'uneton of the Grand Chapter o:f the Omega Ps Ph Fraternty. ts personnel s composed of delegates from dfferent subordnate: chapters-two n number from who hold ojjce for olw year and act when occason arses durng the n Lerrn between the sttngs of the Grand Chapter. Beng thus composed, the functon of the grand org-anzaton s prmarly,me of general supervson over the work of the sul-chapters for the general good of the entre organzaton. Ths ncludes th( queston of propagato,., the makng o:f consttutonal changes, and the creaton of a unanmty of am for all g-roups formng ths fruternty. The members of the :trrst Executve Commttee were the three men who were responsble for the foundng of the fraternty, Messrs. Edgar Love, Oscar Cooper, and Frank Coleman. At the tf!e of the organzaton of the Alpha Clapter thes( men were students n Howard Unversty. At ths tme the work of the Grand Chapter resolved tself nto the work o:[ the Alpha Chapter, and CHAPT'ER for the followng year or two, all worked for the t:ommon good n the strllggles ncdental to the announeement that a new fraternty had been recognzed at Howard Unversty. The t rst work clone by the frst Exeeutve Commttee n conjuncton wth the Alpha Chapter. along the lne (Jf propogaton, was the establshment of the Deta Chapter at Lncoln Unversty durng the wnter of The Gamma Chapter located n Boston, followed durng tht: wnter of 191G, and our latest e:>."tenson work has been the establshment of Delta Chapter at Nashvlle and l!jpslon at N<>w York n order to keep the Ome[a sp.rt manfert where sevet aj Omega men were together, the cxgem:es of the war caused the formaton of two socalled war ehapters. The frst was formed durng the summe1 of 1917 at the Offcers Tranng Camp at Fort Des Mones. t was composed of men belongng to varous subordnate chapters together wth a few newly made members selected from the men at camp. The second war chapter, or the Camp Howard Chapter, was formed at Howard Unversty durng the summer of 1918, and was eomposed of men from Alpha, Beta, along wth men from V!tro us schools n the South who were at that tme n tranng for the Army. The queston of propagaton s the bggest one before the Grand organzaton today. Whereas t s one wth whch we are prmarly concerned, + nsut'lr as the grand org;an;mton s compoed of reprcsentatvt!s frorn the varous subordnate ehapt.e.j's, t s mperatv that each snch ehapter and eaeh nclvdnal formng; the part of a subordnate t:lmpter kavc! no effort untred n the urv0y of the possbllca of formng new l:hapters TlE OR.4CLE' 7 THE GRAND KEEPER OJ>' ltegords who s Omega's busy Chef Secretary and ncdentally, a star on Lncoln's f?..?:?.!j..squad _ and pontng out felds of nvestgaton for the Grand Chapter. t s conceded that the broadest feld of operaton s n the South. Heretofore the schools of hs secton have been somewhat slwpt<:al concernng fraternal organzatons, and ther skeptcsm probably had some ground. But thngs have somewhat changed and the South has really been penetralel. Tlu formaton of Delta Chapter at Fsk llnverst.y has opened the gatnway to the South. All that remans now s to mah good, and our extenson n ths :;ec:ton s assmec\. The Grand Chapter meet anmtally at a place clec.dedupon by the Exeeu- THE GRAND KEBPER OJ> SEALS and Basleus of Alpha Chapter tve Commttee. The frst conventon was held n the year of 1915 at the seat of Beta Chapter at Lnc.oln Unversty. Snce then there have been three other eonventons wheh haw alternated between Lneoln Unversty and Howard Unversty, the seat of Alpha Chapter. n order that an dea may be ganed of the procedure we n<:lude the followng account of the last meetng of the Grand Chapter. The Grand Chapter of t.he Omega.,.

5 8 THE ORA.CLE Ps Ph Fraternty held ts annual meetng.at the Alpha Chapter House, on the mornngs of December 27, 28, 29, 30, a11d 31, EllS. The frst day was gven to very nsprng addresses pertanng to fraternty.lfe. The outgong Grand Basleus, Dr. C. F. Holmes, despte hs great llness, opened the sesson, outlnng to the new delegates n a masterly way the purpose of the conventon and expressng hs great joy n seeng t.he grand body able to assemble under the tryng eoncltons then ex8tng. He was followed by Messrs. Monow and Peten, who told he storv of Beta and the war. lvr. Peterz further emphaszed the unwaverng fathfulness of Beta by brngng forward ts full amount of G rand Chapter dues. JVTr. Vernon C. Rddck followed wth a splendd resume of the achevements of Alpha Chapter durng the past year. Mr..John Hector, also of Alpha Chapter, delvm cd an address whch ncluded practcal plans for expanson WOJ'k. t was receved wth much applause from the Jody. Then ::.\!fr. S. M. Douglas, takng as a bass for hs topc the four prncples on whch the fraternty. 'vas founded, delvered an address on "''he Truer and Better Fraten1alsm." The outgong Grand Kecpet of Seals, Mr. L. H. NP.wman, made an admrable report on the condton of he Grand Treasury. The <:ommttees were then apponted by the Grand Basleus. On the three clays followng the conventon sat for purely legslatve purposes. * * * * On the last day, the conventon lstened to an nterestng address by Dr. Lucus Brown on "The Future of Omega." From the achevements of the organzaton n the past, and the qualty of ts men, past a11d present, he predcted a future such as woulrl m[lke any man who has the true fraternal sprt n hs blood, proud of hs aflllaton..followng ths came two letters; one from Mr. Stanley, who was at that tme a Y. M. C. A. worker n Brtsh East Afrca. n a most mpressve narratve he told the story of l\'r. R A. Prtchett's death n an attempt W reseue a drownng eomrack. Thus an Omf!ga man had been tred by the supreme test of frendshp and was not found wantng. The other letter came :from Lt. Walter H. Mazyck, one of the only t wo colored off('.ers assgned to the School for Personnel Adjutant at the 'Cnversty of Texas. He gave an nterestng account of hs cxperenees n ths whte southern nsttuton. The electon of offcers of the Grand Chapter followed. R G. Robnson, Grand Basleus. W. M. Peterz, Grand Keeper of Records. S. M. Douglas, Grand Ke epel of Seals. The conventon adjourned J'or the year. The present Grand Chapter offcers are due especal credt for the work that they have thus far accomplshed. They have exerted all ther powers on usherng nto the hstory of the Omega.Ps Ph vgorous, busnesslke procedure. They have dsplayed the latter by ther hasty establshment of two new ehapcrs, the systematc. strengthenng of an the fratemal bodes whose progress has been temporarly mpeded by the war. ;\'fr. R. G. Robnson, the Grand Basleus, represents one of Beta's strongest pllars, and s now afflated - THE ORACLE 9 wth Gamma owng- to hs course n But hope to sueceed n ths task the Harvard Law School. He s most of rebuldng Gamma, of fmdng the m:tve, and beleves n carryng out settng for our next annual conventon, hs resolutons to the Jetter. Each and of buldng up out of dlap tme, n person he represented the Grand Chapter n the establshment of Delta and Epslon, and shortly after dated materal a reconstructed Omega. Wth the help of God shall do t though 1 sacrfce my all for the returnng from hs task at Colum cause.'' ba, n hs letter of Aprl Z'l to the Mr. S.lV. Douglas, the Grancl Keeper of Seals, has been kept unusually Grand l{eeper of Seals, he sad n ths connedon: "t takes a man to be constantly on the job." Those who have been to charter and launch the busy these days. Hs dutes thlls far know hm as such can refl.lze :from chapters newly set up. Already he hs cverv acton that he beleves rmly n th's doctrne. The Grand Ba to over one hundred eertfcates of has affxed the great. seal of Omega sleus s not only a :.\1an n even' membershp, besdes attendng o sense of the word, but he s also an h.s fnancal dutes. He s also responsble for the ssung of all prnted Omega man to an equal extent. To show hs love for the great organzaton whch he heads, t s only neces Grand Chapter-a task whch grows matter placed n crculatn by the sary to quote from another of hs letters to the Grand Keeper of Seals, pands. n complexty as the organzaton ex dated Aprl 10, 1919, n whkh he The Grand :Keeper of Rerords has says : "\Ve have a hard ask to perform, and let us pray to the Almghty ton of hs offce by recordng ancl n thus far dlgently executed the func that we may perform t successfully. formng. Hs offce s essentally one know that you sacrfce many an of correspondence, and t necessarly hour wth your double burden. am occupes much of hs tme. lkewse sacl'fcng a great deal. THE SUBORDNATE CHAPTERS ALPHA CHAPTER LUTHER 0. BAUMGARDNER HowaTd. Un ve-rs ty Washngton, D. C. The wrtng of the hstory of the Alpha Chapter of the Omega Ps Ph.Fraternty s a delghtful task. There are many thngs that could be sad ; but there are some thngs whch must be sad. We have the task of determnng how much of ths shall be gven n our bref outlne of the achevements of ths chapter. nasmuch as the Alpha Chapter and the Grand Chapter were n the begnnng one and the same, t s fttng that we nclude ths bt of nterestng hstory whch appears on he frst ])age of the Omega Ps Ph Fraternty: "On <rday evenng, ::l ovember 17th, 191.1, the natonal chapte1 of the Omega Ps Pll Fraternty was organzed n the offce of Assocate

6 J:..,. ''!: j;, ol j: l, j;'! :' 10 THE ORA.CLE Professor E. E. Jusl n Scence -all, Howard unversty." The founders and frst. otfcers were Professor,Just; Edgar A. Love, Grand Baleus; Oscar.T. Cooper, G " and Keeper of Records; Frank Coleman, Grand Keeper o-f Seals. These men founded the frst fraternty to!je organzed n a Negro unversty. V'e shall now endeavor to pont out some of the mportant events n the lfe of Alpha Chapter. On February 28th, 1912, Professor Just was e lected an actve member of ths chapter along- wth Major Charles You ng. These brothers have brought great honor to he organzaton. On January 3rd, 1915, Professors G. Davd Hcuston and Thomas were elected. and later on March 4th, 1916, the names of Dean Pckm1s of M01 gan College, and Professor Wlkerson, now prucpal o:r Dunbar Hgh School, were added to our lst o:f members. The last name to honor ths lst, was that of the edtor of the "Journal o.e Negro Hstory," Carter,J. Woodson, Ph. D., on February 1Oth, The poneers of Omega were ever on the alert; they realzed that n order to have a real fraternty a house was absolutely necessary. Hence n the Fall of 1912, the frst Chapter. House of the Omega Ps Ph Fraternty was open at rd Street, N. W., Washngton, D. C. n the March of 1916, we entered our present home at 322 T Street, N. vv. n all felds of student actvty, Omega has been actve. Her men have ever dsplayed excellent qualtes of leadershp. n the department of dramatcs besdes furnshng many. actors of exceptonal ablty, out of her mdst have come three managers, Me. Aden, Granady, :wd M.urchson. ln joumalstc: advtes Omega men have been unusually r.ornnant n addton to supplyng a vast ma. ortr of assucat(" edtors, the followng men have flled the poston of Edtor n Chef of the leadng publcr.ton of Howard Unverty: J. S. Heslp, '17 ; W. S. Nelson, '18 ; G. D. Houston. WALTER C. FULFORD whose ablty as a snger has won for hm the presdency of the Howard Unversty Glee Club whch ths sprng, made ts famous tour over the East. Durng the days when the eollege chapter of the N. A. A. C..P. flourshed, the presdency was held by Hall, Andrews, and Brce. As varsty debaters Hall, Heslp, Baumgardner, Nelson,.Jackson, Douglas, and Carey have won envable records, and as presdents of the debatng socety J. W. Love and W. S. Nelson have served at dfferent tmes. We have also had from Omega as pres-, 1, J dent of the Y. M. C. A. Burke ; of the H:story Club, Love; as 11resdent of!.he Glee Club, Fulford and at present the presdents of all fom of the college clases are OmegL men. Of all the student actvtes, athletco has been our ehocest feld, Alpha Chapter beng; a V("rtable reservor of varsty men. Brce has been responsble for many of Howard's vctores on the gr.dron through hs s11pror skh :>8 quart<n -back, and Syl;es dese1 ves equal crelt for her successes on the damond. The followng have been n responsble postons n athletes; as captans of the base ball team: Clayton, Hll.. Sykes; as manager of t.he base ball team : Dngle, of the the basket ball team, Burke; as presdents of the Athletc Assocaton Hendley, Koger, and Rddck. And ths.vear four of the varsty men on the basket ball team are Omega men. As the older men are passng beyond the confnes of college lfe, the work of the organzaton s beng aken up by younger men who are eager to gve ther scrvkes n the mantenanee of ts hgh d eals. They realze the power of organzaton and the g-reat oblgaton whch rests upon them to preserve t. BETA CHAPTER C. R. SAULTg& Beta Chapter of the omega Ps Ph looks hac:k wth prde to February 6th, 1914, the day of ts brth. Some of the more sober mnded men of the campus wshed to enjoy the prvleges of true.fraterralsm and conferred wth one another concernng ths matter. As a resull of ther untrng ef Jorts, Beta Chapter was establshed. THE' OR.4.CLE 11 Twenty men who emphaszed n ther daly lfe the prne]jles for whch Omega stands, were chosen f'or memberrhp. Lke n every other new movement for prneple <Lncl progress, clflkultes were encountered. However, under the staunch leadershp of men lke Ste wart, AndersoJl, SaL1lter. and others, we were sucecssful and a very hgh fraternal deal was thereby set up. ln our rank are repre:;;entat. ve men, who are makng ther mark n unversty lfe by gvng pra(:t c:al nterpretaton to the standard of Scholarshp, Manhood, Perseveranee, and Uplft. Among those who stand out promnently for ntellectual at. tanment are the followng: N. A. Holmes, valedctoran and wnner of the Bradley Medal; C. R. Saulter, valedctoran; W. T. Young, \'aledcoran;.t. C. McMorrs, va led ctorar..; these are.for t he years 'lf, '1(), '17, '18;W. S. Prce, salntatoran '17; C. '1'. {jmbrongh, salutatoran and wnner of.he Bradley Medal '18. n football, basket ball, base ball, traek, and tenns our fraternty merts unusual rec.. ognton. Among those upon whom athletc honors have recently been confered are Baumgardner, captan of the foot ball team; D. M. vvaters, captan of the base ball team; F..L. Atkns, presdent of the Athletc Assocaton and manager of the foot ball squad. Omega has already rsen from her dormant state due to the reg11 of the S. A. T. C. She has shaken off her shackles and starts n the race for ntellectual and athletc. attanment wth new vgor and dogged determnaton, havng ever as her chef corner stone, Honety, Clean Sportsn:tanshp and 'rrlle Manlness. -:'

7 l!..,!!,,: t f.!. l!, r l l r : l.. '! j l "; 1:2 1'!-:,' ONACLE GAMMA CHAPTER A. L. DNGLE The story of Gamma s the story of true propagaton. As f b,l' preconctrted plan,.f.rom Lncoln came A. L. Wallac(c and A. S. Beasley; from Howarct came E. A. Love, 0. L..Johnson and R. McCant::; Andrewsall bapt7.ecl wth the fre and sprt o Omega. Wth ths assembly of fve Omega sons n Greater Boston, anyone would have expected them t.o fulfl the purpose of the Fn1ternty by addng- a star to ts sheld. The presenc:e of Brother Love gave all the men added nspraton, and he served as actn g basleus n the orjcnng days. After correspondng wth Alpha on December C\th, l.91g, authorty was granted by Grand llaslens Georg-e E. Hall for the establshment of Gamma. Those fve sons :felt, anrl had a rght to feel, that. they had begun the hstory of the newest chapter of a. great fraternty, and thereupon a rmounced to the communty of Greater Boston that the plantng of the flag of Omega meant a permanent resdence and nfluence n New England. That pleasurable and sacred duty, the ntaton, was mmedately provded for, and the date of February 14th was set as the ntal day for ts performance, but n true Omega manner, the members felt themselves duty-bound not to conflct wth the celebraton of the brth of that great and nsprng soul, FredeJ ck Douglass, <md they accordngly changed the day of ntaton to March 2nd, when fve new men earned the stamp of Omega. Ths brought the total membershp up to ten. Offcers were elected, and snce they were the frst, tolerance may be begged for lstng ther names here: Bn.. lwus R. l\'l Andrews K(3e11e'l' oj Rer:ords.... A. S. Beaslev h:eepm oj S eals L. :Johnsor1 Chaplan B. 1\1. Evans Only for the reason that Brother Lov e was expectng to leave Bost.on n the spr11g of that year was another allowecl to talw hs place. At a later meetng a leadng; lawyer and an nfluental mnster were receved as eleetecl actve members, ncreasng the total to 12. On Aprl 21st, a greater thng was aceomplshed. On that day pledges W( :re rcee\ ed from the tobl Negro membm shp of Amherst Col lege, n1nnberng at that tme 'four, wheh brought the representaton of another old and noted eollege to Omega. A mong these men was Franes M. Dent, now of the U. S. Army, a comms :>oned offcer, and a member of the War Chapter of Omega. The ftrst vear's work closed wth a smoker on Saturday nght May 19th, at whch most o.f the members were present. That evenng was most joyously spent and much Omega good cheer was dspersed. The scholastc year of 1H was ushered n, and found the young Gamma, though a mere baby, as determned as the man. The war had worked a hardshp n takng a few of her membershp. The most sgnjcant happenng of the year, however, was the comng from Lncoln of fve Omega members and one from Howard. Ths greatly fortfed the hopes of the old members of Gamma, and gave them confdence and nspraton. At the frst meetng of that year the number stood at 17, greatly exceedng the most sangune hopes of the prevous year. On October 27, the second ntaton was held, at whch three f ' nwrnbet s were made. one of them beng a promnent ph;scan o.f Boston. At ths meetng a smoker was tendered Leuts. Gbbs and McKane, Jourteen members Leng- present. Ths was ndeed a gn,at nght. for Gamma. very member present freely poured fo1 th hr son! t\> make the oecason a ueeess. At the seeond ntaton for that year two brothers were made. Tle year closed wth a grand meetng at whch the Brothers pledged ther upport for the new aml ncomng year of 1918-H)Ul. The fraternty has been especally }umdcapped ths year, due more to the :fact that all the members are so dvded and ther work and nterests so dversfed, that they ar e not able to.u:et l1to close touch wth each other, than t s due to a general lack of nterest among the members. The members arc nevertheless wllng and enthusastc, hut clue to the fact that ther professons are to them n the nature of the most jealous mstress, they c.an not spare the tme 'for free ancl unlmted 'fraternzng. However, as the tmes go on every one s n THE ORACLE 13 NEW CHAPTERS DELTA CHAPTER hopes that he vvll be able to unee more gathc1 under the v..-ngs of Omega, and wth the general reeonstrueton now at hand, Gamma wll develop to her fullest extent. Gamma's membershp at ths wrtng stands el< ctecl ac tve, 1'our; nt.atecl actve, thrteen; unntated, wth lmted powers, fve; makng a total of twenty two. Ths completes the past o:f Gamma. Gamma's future les n her mem- hers vvork11g as a man. As 11 every other organzaton of sze and of the nature o:l' Omega, no one or two ln others can be expected to operate for the total membershp; the total membershp must operate for the benejt of eaeh man ndvdually. Then not only Omega, but any othe1. organzaton of lke nature wll be a success. Ths s gong to be the baekbone of the suc<.ess of Gamma. t s the cletermnator of every man now to work to make the chapter the best c.hapter not from the personal standpont, but from the angle of pure fraternal mll brotherly love. Delta Chapter of the Omega Ps Ph Fraternty was establshed.january 22, 1919, n the cty of Nashvlle, Tennessee. ts membershp s composed of students from Fsk Unversty, and The lveharry Medcal School. Already the Delta men have shown great enthusasm under the leadershp of D. K. Jenkns,.J. 0. Catalan, J. A. Atkns, and othe1 frm supporters of fraternty lfe. The career of Delta Chapter has been thus far characterzed by a marked promptness and thoroughness n the executon of all matters conducve to Omega's welfare. Already the chapter has a membershp over seventy. Of ths number eght are honorary. Through strct abdance by the laws of the Consttuton n requrng hgh moral and ntellectual standards as a qualfcaton fo r membershp, the urganzaton has gone a long way

8 :,, l: :, 1:! j ]4- THE ORACLE n nsurng tself aganst J'etrogresso.n. Delta Chapter stunds as one of the everjagtng monum ent\ erected by the Grand Balmts and hs Jathful assstants at Nashvlle.o the great glory of Omeg<.t ll the Southland. Prase s also due to tjw.l1aslens of he temporary organr.aton a.t Camp Howard, nahjcl as t was due Lu hs eforts that 1 nueleus was formt\ll n t hs gne;;test of soutlwrn Neg:ru nftt:.tutons, whch made t he process of e:.;taljltlhng a l'haptt:l" t'lwru ::otn)jtll" atvely easr. EPSLON CHAPTER Epslon Chapter was p;;taljlshed Aprl 18th at Columba Unverst.y, l'\ew York Cty. Her< the Grand Basleus agan won a laurel for hs chapter-buldng- tendency. The ehapter at New York s headed by such men as :\1. A. Vllls, 0. E. VJ'cKam;,,J. D. Ford and others who are HklHd n organzng and years ago reeevecl ther tranng n '"the Omega Method," whle rnmnbers oj Alpha ancl Beta. The Epslon men have :rn u1 the \'ery begnnng dsplayed a!lne sprt of cooperaton wheh means" flyng start. Tlw Omega Ps Ph fraternty t!xljc'cts great rehults from her nfant dtapterh [LH s shown by the zt!al wth wheh the Grand OJ1cers are bbo::ng to plac e them on the most sold. foundaon possbc. 'l'hese chapwr rep.. resent the l'ery besl type of organ;:.c:d manhood for the mantenance (JJ' a ]oft:v cle;:l. LEs r tve FORGET "vvhen the Negro Rrtee lool;:s back upon some of ts greatest achvements ncdental to the World War, t must face the ndsputable truth that t owes an everlastng grattude to three of Omega's sons; Brce, Johnson and Ba1 nes. These three stood as a frm unshaken foundaton, when the rest of the force tottered n that famous drve for a Negro Offeer's Tranng Camp. When the plan o:f. Major Spngarn n the nterest of such a movement seemed a Utopa to a vast majorty of Howard Unvet sty students, on account of the dscouragng atttude of the democratc admnstraton; the ndgnaton hurled aganst t by leadng colored ctzens of the North, who abhorred any dea of suggestng segregaton; and 011 account oj the fact that our naton had not yet entered thee strugg le, t was only through the untrng effort.<; of a fghtng Br<:e by vrtue of l1s unwaverng :fath n Major Spngarn's plan, that the sprt of the movement was ltept alve untl the nevtable oec".urred on Vfay 7. "t s needless to go back over that bt of precous hstory, w th whch we are JOW so famlar,. and of whch we are so proud. But as s often the case we forget the spark whch s so necessary n gntng the powder. n our rejocng over our p:r;zed game we lose trace of the ntal steps n the process whereb t was brought down. M.r. Brce acted as Major Spngarn's personal representatve, whose duty t was to mpress constantly upon the men of Howard Unversty, the tmelness o-f maltng an effort to provde. '. Colored offr..ers for t:olm ecl troops. Through hs alertness and vgorous actvty n the gleanng from facts bearng on ths queston, l1e was able to suggest plans by whch ths project was later earred nut. n fne, he blazed the trat and prepared the Rtage for that gn:\llt Rtruggle that followed. E1'ery Amerean o' color allll espeeally every N"'gro ofcer who traned at Des Mone!' should acquant hnbdf wth 1\lt. Drce's work. for to hm they owe an mmortal trbute. "Whle B1 ce war wagng ths (lplomatc battle, no less ttetve wr.re TlE ORACLE 15 Messrs Barnes and Johnson n ther work em the campus preparng the students for mltary drll. They, t was. who :foresaw the need of practcal prelmnary drll n order that llo\'. ard mfm at least, whenever the great cla.y should c:ome, would 11ol :fnd themt<elves far behnd those who tranee! n other camps. Jt may be sad to the everlastng prase of these two men, Captan Johnson ancl L.eut. l.larne. that: they persevered eyen when searcely a squad of men wo11ld l1,t( n to fher plea." THE \"X/ AR CHAPTER The followng s an extract from the mnute;; of the frst meetng of the men of the Omega Ps Ph Fratern.. ty at l't. Des Mones, owa. "Permsson was obtaned from the Grand Basleus, JV!r. McMorrs, to establsh a War Chapter of the Omega Ps Ph F'rat.(lrnty at the R. 0. T. C. at Ft. Des Mones, n order to grant to these members of t11e fraternty an opportunty to en.oy the Jlrvleges of meetng together and takng among themselves such men as they thought were qualfed to partake of, and lve up to the sprt of Omeg a." An acount more n detal wa gven by the Basleus, Leut. Jesse S. Heslp, when he nformed the Grand Chapter as follo ws: "The present great war has eausej many changes n the daly movements '>f every form of government. These changes are takng place n every organzaton that depends upon the mal 3 elements of natons. The church ha turned ts path n a new drect(jn : tlw whole socal organzaton hns Jound modern paths upon wheh tread. Tht' fraternal organzatons whch havt\ as ther sncere purpo,,,, tlw salvaton and uplft of men have readly launched out upon the uc" course of fraternalsm. The Ome.',)..1 Ps Ph Fraternty has been on the alert. for every opportunty that woul.rl enable her to become a greater and more benefcal servant of the young Negro men. Her change to a new course s one for whch she has longbeen preparng. When the 17th Prc>vsonal 'l'ranng Camp was announced the Omega Ps Ph mnjed:. ately saw a feld for servce. "The tranng camp, then, was a blessng to Omega n that t afforded her the prvlege of gatherng nto hhr ranks me11 who wre destned to be heroes. n the month of.ttd.r the frst member of the War Chapte:-. Brother Francs M. Dent, Amher.>t '17, was ntated nto the truth :c:nd lght of Omega brotherhood. Late: n the season sx.,. other canddates

9 ,, :, ll!!!! '; ;.! ;[ l< ::.; :: l! ';!::: L.! l!l.": ' :! ; )!.;; r! 1:. ' o:, 16 THE OR.tCLE were taught the purty and benevu At the close of the Tranng Camp lence of Omega. Those men were at Ft. Des :\/[ones. twentv-one mern brothers Carter Wesley, Fsk '17, U. G. Lawless', Talledega '17, Cha,.. E. ber of the OmBga Ps Ph Fraternty went oul as eommssoned offcers. Roberts, HowaTd, DaYd A. Lane, Snec that tme many have seen servce o>"erseas, whle those who re Bowdon '.1.7, 0. E. MeKane, Boston "Cnvfrst.1', 24 nfantry, U. :::l. A., Leut. J. C. Wallace, M. D., H.owarcl 'H, Medca] Corps. mam'cl rendered mportant se1 vee at home. Owng to the many chang-es and "Near the closng- of the camp four shftng to whch these offcers were more o:f the Camp's best men were subjected whle they remaned under brought nto the fraternal sprt of the drecton of the War Department, Omega. Those brothers,vere George t was rendered a dflcult matter to. J..ythcott, Wm.. Craghead. Wade trace the.nterestng career of each H. Powell, and Nello B. Greenlee. Let durng ths perod. t he understood that ea.:h of these Among those who were engaged brothers brngs to Omega all that she n servce at home are Captan Johnson, Purnell, Roberts and Lythcott; ean expect and desre of any true and loyal son. They are l.japtzed n the Leutenants Lane, Mazyelc and Love. sprt of p crty, manhood, and n'ol<cl All these men as reports and promotons wll testfy, acqutted them courage. "The vvar Chapter s standng ready sclv"s credtably n the spheres of to obey the commands of the Grand actvty to whch thev were ass"ned. Chapter. The progressve and ndefatgable hands of the war Chapter The good work f Leutenants Johnson aml Purnell at the S. A. T. C. Camp at Howard Unversty, merted brothers are followng every movement a11d awatng eve1 y opportunty for them ther promotons to the rank of Captan. And as a stll greater that they mght tal'e hold of them and reward, these offcers are beng retaned n th R. 0. '1'. C. unts as spread the unblemshed pnons of Omega to every part of Amerka. t Professors o.f Mltary Scence and s true that the men of ths c.hapter Tactcs. Captan Johnson remans at have very lmted felds of operaton, Howard, whle Captan Purnell h?. but they assure the Omega Ps Ph been statoned at West Vrgna Collegate nsttute. Leutenant Love, Fraternty that they wll labor wthout wearness and dscouragement n after playng an mportant part n these narrow confnes. the tranng of student nstructors at "The vvar Chapter wshes the world Howard, Rpent a length of tme wth to know that t s proud of Omega the S. A. T. C. at Hampton. Unfortunate for Captan Lythcott and Lreut. and wll do all that t can do fnancally, morally, ntellectually and fraternally for the advancement and glor Mazyck, prolonged llness prevented them from renderng the splendd servce for whch they would have other Jcaton of ts noble, true and patrotc mother, the Omega Ps Ph Fraternty.wse been qualfed. Leut. Lane was kept constantly actve on aecount of.t. S. HESLJP, 1st. Leut. nf.. 0. R. C. BaRleus, H 1 at Chapt r- 1 hs extraordnary qualfcatons and unusual ablty. {L '; Concernng the Omega men who went abr oad. we have receved nspt ng testmony. Ca})t. Thomas Dent, of the 368th nfantry, dstngushed hmself n th Argonne Forest. Capt. Dent, then a frst leutenant, advanced wth hs platoon beyond any unt of hs regment and ns hs ctaton read, dsplayed CA'TAlN ;Jou:-r. PURNELL who now heads Lhe R. 0. T. C. at West Vrgna Collegate nsttute. He s old l1 Omega Crcles. great bravery and the hghest qualty of leadershp. As a reward for ths servce came the promoton to captan. Capt. Dent's promoton for bravery s the one oass n the desert of unrewarded servce of the Negro offcer. All are justly proud of Capt. Dent and hs splendd work. 1st Leut. Osceola McKane, formerly a student at Boston Unversty, was among the most popular and most effcent offcers of the 367th nfantry. Leut. McKane rendered TJJE' ORA.CLE 17 splendd servce as ''upp!y offcer of the reg-ment, an ofllce prescrbed n nfantry organzatons for captan, and durng the month:> the regment was n Franee, under the most tryng crr.umstances, he kept well n hand the suppl ng of the Lmt wth food and clothng. 'Whle n France Leut. McKane contrbuted to the "lndepen- CAPTAN c. C..TOHNRON Professor of Mltary Scence and Tactcs at Howard 'Unversty who durng the S. A. T. C. perod.' handled the collegate secton so effcently that he was promoted to hs present rank. dent," an artcle on the "Buffaloes." Chaplan E. A. Love, ever enthusastc and devoted to the wor k n whch he was engaged, contrbuted greatly to the fne sprt of the 368th nfantry. The fne fac ulty of becomng one of the boys and wthal, mantanng the dgnty becomng hs rank and professon, ganed for hm ' the love of the men of hs regment. ; ;

10 ]f) THE OtACLR He was uot permtted to return home wth hs organzaton, but wth many chaplans.nmmned n France to work n those unts denetl an early return. st Leut.. FnmcR Dent proved hmself possesse<l of those qualtes that malw a truly dtcent offcer. Durng the tranng perod of hs regment, he was alway among the best nforrnecl and.mogt energetc, and later when hs ot:g an:mton was put to the sujjreme tet he dplayed the qltaltes of n.,alleadershp. He was gassed n the Argonne Forest, and for a short wh.le ncapaetated for duty. l.st Leut. :reke S. H<,slp proved, durn11: h arm,v e!lreer, that he was eapuble oj rnantann g n lhat feld hs reputaton for thoughtful. energetc. and sueeessfnl work. Hs lot wa;; rha.t of a machne gunner, but hs dut!s were most often ad mnst ratve. He de.fendecl before court martals several <:omrades qute ;;uecess.fully, a:1d t was as Specal CourL Judv,c Aclvor:ate, that he was most sueeesj'ul and proved hmself so well ftted :for the legal professon. lst Leut. V\f am l. lbrnes entered the sej"v<:e a:l'ter a very splendd reeord wth the Washngton Hgh School Cadets. l.:pon the felds of France ths former tranng n the exercse of leadershp served hm well. Whether behnd the lnes, n tranng, or fghtng n the hated Argonne, l.eut. Barnes dsplayed the hghest qualt<s of leadershp. He served as adjutant of a Machne Gun Battalon, and conducted the work of that offce most effcently. 1st Leut. Frank Coleman, of the 8G8th nfantry, has to hs credt a very splendd rec:ord made n the Argomw <'onst. n that tght, he led hs pla:toon n a most cerdtable manner and personally aceounted for on German uflt-.er. Naturally quet' ancl unahsmnn!{, he sm prsed hs frends b)' conspcour adon both n the Vosge and the Aronne. and brou;ht credt not only to hms0lf, but to h. entre organzaton. lst Leut. L. G. Kore r was br..!j:: ga;;er.l n the Argonne Fon!st, but survved wh lttle ll effect. \!fn, ; and after ths msfortune he was one of the most m:tve ofleers of h<!'t!'r.lent, was dlcent, and rm; t:r.ua;:. suceersful n g-anng the lov and respec.l' of hs men. H.e cajt:d b hs rel! rrwnt the same t!lhl!s:umt and hl-mor :lor whch he was so well know n en Howard. was transferred o lnfantrv. n whch branch he v-;a.s assgned to' the :l()7th, where hs duty 'vas that of platoon commancl(r. Behnd the Vosres he 1st Leut. \Vrn. S. Nelslll Baw sej vce n Frant'e, f'rst wth the 317tl Eng-ne, rs. Subsequently, wth all the Colored engnem 1 m oflkers, he acted as towu mayor and alo perfrom([ the dutes of summary court offcer. He was wth the 8G7th n the Vosges, ag reserve n the Argonne, and was n preparaton :for attack upon Metz when the Armstee wa sgned. Leut. W. T. GLbs was one of th' orgnal "Buffoloes." t was n the Headquarters Co., of that regmen!. that he dd splmdd work and as leader of the One.Pounder Platoon dd very credtable work upon event! fronts. The breath of vew gven hm by hs Harvard. tranng ttecl hm for partcpaton n many regmental aetvtcs, and hs nfluence was always fell upcn the proper oceasons. 2nd Leut. W. B. M. cad(hn. a member of th(' l68th nfantry, was cf- 4 "' : :::,.. ;1 1kluut a platoon leader and actve n every worthy project of hs organ.. zaton. le hu.d the unfortunate experence of lhng tred by one o:f those court martals, hungry Jor Negro o.ffjcers. but 1.o hs great credt, we arc nforme(l, was aequtecl of the charg,; and commended. THE CAMP HOWAHD CAPrER OMEGA l'sl PH FRATERNTY 'l'he formaton of the Camp Howaru Chapter of the Omega Ps Ph Fraternty \vas the outgrowth of the events o:f an nterestng year at Howard Unversty. On August 1, 1918, tht:' War Dtlpartment estllblshed a spec.al Tr anng Camp for students of Nf!gro Schools md Colleges and the campns of Howard Unversty was the ste of ths camp. Representatve students of seventy leadng schools took ad vajjtage of ths opportuny and excludng thf! Offcers Tranng School at Des Mones owa, there was never such a large number of select men brought together n an assocaton of ths character. The result of ths was a sprt o:f comradeshp that wll serve n future years to brng the students of Negro Colleges to the realzaton of the necessty of nter-collegate cooperaton. The possbltes afforded by ths occason were brought to the attenton of several members of the Fraternty and t was mmedately seen that through the organzaton of a Chapter of Omega that would nclude students of several colleges, the foundaton of closer relatonshp would be lad. A commttee composed of Brother,J. A. Thomas and Brother Lews was apponted by the Grand Chapter to nvestgate the feasblty of such a plan and report to the body. THE ORACLE HJ The report was favorably receved and the same ('.ommttee was gven the task of selectng- t'be possble canddates. Tt rnrned<ttely began t.o work and after n 'l w davs the names of thrty men wre pr'esentecl for consderaton and accepted. On the nght o:l' September 1, 1918, the canddates were called tog-ethelat Lhe Chapter House of Alpha Chapter, 822 'r Street, N. W., and the 'nltaton wag <:arrect out wthout any dffculty. The nformal smoker that followed the ntaton gave eac:h man an opportunty to express 'hs thoug;hts and opnons and lasted untl a late hour wh<m the brothers returned to c:amp nspred wth the genune :fraternal11tl' :feelng. The personnel of the Camp Chapter was composed of representfllves from eght colleges dstrbuted as follows: F'sk P111YP';-::t Sx Vrllll TJnou t 'un r1-ty 'rhn e hnw l;n \'f'l'fo.;t l'hl'tt l'olllldtga Un\'t:'l':-'lt Pve Atlnnt.n Unlwrst)'.. 'l'hrue Bdcll( UllWJrs!s -.. ':Phne oorchonse College One '" Vn. Co<M;lll:t' nstltul:e: 'JhrP<: The frst meetng of the Camp Chapter was called Monday, September 9th, 1918 and Brother C.. F. Holmes Jr., Grand Basleus presded. The object of the meetng was to elect offcers and perfect a plan of organzaton and communcaton. Brother J. A. Thomas was elected Basleus; Brother L. Gans of Talladega, Keeper of Records; and Brother J. A. Atkns, of Fsk, Keeper of Seals. The lfe of the Camp Chapter was destned to be short as the course of tranng would he eompleted September 16, and the men would be dscharged to return t() ther varous

11 20 TlE ORACLE schools." On th<1t <ceount t was deeded that a farc.wcll smoker and n that they are assocated wlh an orera! schools a group of men who feel forma] n1eetng would be very nstrumental n sustanng the good fellow development of the moral, mental, ganzaton that stands for the hghest shp and fraternal assocaton that already exsted. Accordngly the plans places n some schools of the South and physcal clements of lfe. t also were arranged and the home o' Alpha Chapter was once more the scene ternty men whose work and actons for the frst tme a nucleus of Fra of great joy and good feelng. The wll soon prove that Fraterntes are features of the smoker ncluded a program whch gave (;very brother an socaton of the best students. When absolutely necessm y for the best as opportunty to receve word from Lt. the barrers that prevent ther exstence n the great schools of the South Love, Lt. Pu.mell, and Lt. Johnson, who well mpressed upon each, hs are broken clown, Omega wll be frst dutes as a man, a solder, and a brother. Each Brother had an opportunty wll strve harder to mantan the h g:h to place her banner there and her sons to express hs vews antl deas and.deals upon whch t s contsructed. wth pledged loyalty to Omega and May the day soon come when ths wll genune love for each other, they departed for ther varous schools where stand as an ncentve to nspre her be possble and the name of Omega they carred the name and standard sons to hgher deals and greater accomplshments. of Omega Ps Ph. The results of the establshment of the Camp Chapter are many but J. A. THOMAS JR., Howa.rd, College '1.8 most mp01ant: t carres to the sev- Ha.leus, Ca.rnp Cha7Jte 1 OUR ELDER BROT-1ERS R. :11CCANTS ANDREWS Sold aehevement n lfe counts. Ultmate worth and fnal valuaton depend upon substantal dong. What a man does makes hm who he s and 'vhy he wll be remembered. Good fellowshp, valuable though t be, should be a qualty or an asset supermposed upon a substntcture of substance. For f a rnan be only a good fellow and nothng more, hs transcence and effervescence are but the shadowy and mperfect glow that "Lghts the desert's dusty face an hour or two and s gone." Permanence s endurance; substance s Rtrength. Those men whom OMEGA names "Elected Actve" (rather than "Honorary") our Elder Brothers, are men of sold achevement, of substance, of worth. They are good fellows, Fmters; but our attachment to them s not alone one of good fellowshp, of eomradeshp, of brotherhood. Our fath n fhetl'). s the fath they nspre n us of om sel oes.' Because they have acheved, we say achevement s possble. Because they do, we say, we wll.' Lke true poneers they blaze the tral and we follow; they pont the way and f!" our stumblng feet fnd the sure path. Russell, Taylor, Ramsey, \Vlkerson, Young, Pekens, Woodson, Houston, Hayes, Scott, Hale, Naper, Work, Stewart, Just, Homan, Hubbard, Lester, F'orde, Thomas, Morrs, Harrs, and the others. These are but men, you say'! But men proved! These are they who stand between us and msadventure. Who call us on and dn.1 e u.. fa:l.' Bg Brothers whose strvngs but. excte our restless- JUST "ROLAND OF OMEGA" her most recently elected Honorary lvern ber 21 Q,

12 2 '1' E 0 n A C L E ness and urge on that sprt "thcl: t res uf tt nyhl hu.t. 1 esl." These g allant souls who fearlessly have turnd asde O]lpr'esson' an smlng jeers ancl yeltled nothng- to de:feat--they stand undaunted, hurlng baek at mockng Tme a greater ehalltm ( to brng on new and bgn:er takf; 1 '!'h<st:, a! e our Elder l;o:herr. f; t "" -'"'-.;.l "' '""- 4' '"'\. l 1.,/',r l a.. :\ : \!! '& ' DR. E. EJ. JUST who s fw;t among us. DJ,AN W!U.lAM PCKENS of lvorga11 College, J3altrnore, \'Td. He s <JUl.' famous Negro orator who s frect through and through wth the sprt o'.f: Omega. vr PROFESSOR G. DAVD HOUSTON known best among the boys as "Stutl'y." DR. CARTER,J. WooDSON Who edts the "Journal of Negro Hs tory. He s also "one o:f 'em."