FRANCIS HALL NARRATIVE HISTORY AMOUNTS TO FABULATION, THE REAL STUFF BEING MERE CHRONOLOGY

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1 FRANCIS HALL NARRATIVE HISTORY AMOUNTS TO FABULATION, THE REAL STUFF BEING MERE CHRONOLOGY Stack of the Artist of Kouroo Project Colonel Francis Hall

2 1816 Lieutenant Francis Hall met Thomas Jefferson: His [Jefferson s] deportment was exactly such as the Marquis de Chastellux describes it, above thirty years ago: At first serious, nay even cold, but in a very short time relaxing into a most agreeable amenity; with an unabated flow of conversation on the most interesting topicks, discussed in the most gentlemanly and philosophical manner. (Francis Hall, a lieutenant in the British Army, would publish in 1818 his TRAVELS IN CANADA AND THE UNITED STATES IN 1816 AND This is neither the same person as the Captain Charles Francis Hall who would later explore in the Arctic, nor the American businessman Francis Hall who would relocate to exotic Japan.) Although he had been reared by religious parents, after his marriage to a young woman from Vermont the New Yorker William Miller had become a sceptic, and then a follower of the deism of Jefferson. During the War of 1812, he had attained the rank of captain. In this year, however, he testified, one day he happened to let go with a blast of blasphemy, that was so rank that he shocked even himself. This would be the last time he would take the name of God in vain. He began to study the BIBLE, focusing on Daniel in the Old Testament and Revelation in the New Testament. He converted to a belief in the literal truth of the BIBLE as the word of God. Except, in some contexts, God had used one word in place of another, such as meaning kingdoms when he had said beasts, meaning governments when he had said mountains, meaning people when he had said waters, and meaning years when he had said days. A clear light dawned from the pages of the BIBLE that Christ Almighty was about to return to the earth There is one master myth which drives all our ideology. It is that there is, and that it is necessary for us to discover, the one right way, The Solution, and that if we then hew to this one right way, everything will start to work, and the world will be all set to turn out all right: It seems, however, that although we are prepared to defend to the death our right to trust in this master myth which drives all our ideology that there is a right way and all that is necessary is for us to discover and hew to it this really is not so. This is simply a false description of reality. Our world, actually, is not like this, not like this at all. We re not living on a Rubik s Cube and ultimately, things are not going to turn out to our liking. Meanwhile, we re going to just have to get used to our muddling along, and we re going to just have to continue, as long as it still seems feasible, to put up with each other as we do our muddle-along thingie.

3 Within the next couple of years in accordance with this coding scheme and what he knew of the Jewish calendar, Miller would have decoded the entire message and would find himself in the private knowledge that the Second Coming was but 25 years in the future. MILLENNIALISM

4 I would not run round a corner to see the world blow up. Henry Thoreau, LIFE WITHOUT PRINCIPLE NOBODY COULD GUESS WHAT WOULD HAPPEN NEXT Colonel Francis Hall Stack of the Artist of Kouroo Project

5 January 20, Saturday: Lieutenant Francis Hall of the 14th Regiment of Light Dragoons (The Duchess of York s Own) sailed from the port of Liverpool aboard the Minerva, headed toward the port of New-York. 2 Friend Stephen Wanton Gould wrote in his journal: 7th day 20th of 1 M / Met with the committee from the Moy [Monthly] Meeting on the Subject of Finance & the State of the Poor But few of them were present, we however enterd into Some 2. This regiment had joined Wellington s army in the Iberian peninsula in 1808 and then during the battle of Vitoria in 1813 had seized the silver chamberpot of King Joseph Bonaparte, resulting in a regimental nickname: The Emperor s Chambermaids. At the winding down of the Peninsular campaign it had been back in England and had sent two squadrons to North America, minus their horses, where on January 8, 1815 they had taken part in the British attempt to capture New Orleans. The above is a carte-devisite of a Lieutenant of the 14th Hussars, that would be made at the studios of Maull & Co. in London in 1867.

6 subjects, & some grateing was manifest, but to me it was a Season of teaching wherein I learned or rather was confirmed in what I have long known Vizt that Soft measures are the most effectual John has had a poor turn today - his frequent ups & downs gives me Some uneasiness RELIGIOUS SOCIETY OF FRIENDS March 5, Tuesday: La fête du village voisin, an opéra comique by Adrien Boieldieu to words of Sewrin, was performed for the initial time, at the Théâtre Feydeau, Paris. The performance was a disaster due to the inept libretto, and the poet was whistled when he appeared at the end. The Minerva, out of Liverpool conveying Lieutenant Francis Hall, arrived at New-York. Friend Stephen Wanton Gould wrote in his journal: 3rd day 5th of 3rd M 1816 / My Mother dined & set the Afternoon with us - After tea I took a walk out to D Buffums & set the evening with him, found him very pleasant & entertaining tho quite lame with the Rheumatism - he is better than he has been, & intends soon to ride to Town. RELIGIOUS SOCIETY OF FRIENDS March 9: Lieutenant Francis Hall embarked on the Paragon, steam packet, from New-York toward Albany. March 13, Wednesday: The Paragon, steam packet, conveying Lieutenant Francis Hall, arrived at Albany. March 17, Sunday: George Gordon, Lord Byron accepted the principle of a mutual separation from his spouse. Lieutenant Francis Hall arrived at the Canadian border. Friend Stephen Wanton Gould wrote in his journal: 1st day 17th of 3rd M / Our friends Rachael Barnard & Elizabeth Pennock attended both meetings, & in both Rachael was very sweetly engaged in testimony, much to the satisfaction of Friends & I believe all who heard her Rachael & Elizabeth appear to be women rather short of middle Age tall & thin in stature Caleb is tall & not a full habit I should say about 60 Years if Age & has a good countenance. - RELIGIOUS SOCIETY OF FRIENDS March 19, Tuesday: Lieutenant Francis Hall arrived at Montréal, Canada (from there he would head toward the falls of Montmorenci). Friend Stephen Wanton Gould wrote in his journal:

7 3rd day 19th of 3rd M / Our Monthly Meeting was adjourned to the 10th hour this forenoon in order to give D Cobb & R Almy their Answer in order to marriage, but it was so exceeding Stormy in the forenoon that I hardly believe the Meeting met at the hour Appointed, or that Elizabeth Freeborn was buried whose funeral was to have been at 11 OC AM RELIGIOUS SOCIETY OF FRIENDS July 25, Thursday: Lieutenant Francis Hall arrived at Québec, Canada (he would head toward the falls of the Chaudiere). British forces evacuated the island of Guadeloupe, returning it to French control. Friend Stephen Wanton Gould wrote in his journal: 5th day 25th of 7 M 1816 / In our first meeting one appearance in the ministry - In the last meeting (Monthly) we had a considerable buisness - the case of Daniel Gould was a very exercising one - Our meeting entered into the Subject quite feelingly and concluded to restore him on the committees report & the report of those friends which had a concern to visit him Since last Monthly Meeting - The minute accordingly made of the case sent to the women for their decision, who after some time returned the papers & informed that they nonconcurrd with our Meeting on the grounds of the Acknowledgemnt being a Superficial one. - This appeard to me to be the most extraordinary thing I ever knew or heard of had the womens meeting have taken any part in the case in the beginning by a committee, & the opportunity was offered them, they might then have been in a situation to have form d some judgement of the Acknowledgement, but they took it up without any information of their own, acted, (I believe) from a misled Judgement, to say no more of it & now concerned with us. - In my opinion & I believe it to be the correct one, they should, when they found their doubts raised respecting the acknowledgement they should have requested the matter refer d, appointed a committee to see the individual & confer d with ours on the subject & at another meeting their judgement would have been in a Situation to have determined. I felt myself exceedingly hurt from the manner in which the women treated the Subjects, & an not now reconciled - Job Weeden Dined with us Spent the evening at David Williams In conversation on the subjects of this Days Labors RELIGIOUS SOCIETY OF FRIENDS August 4, Sunday: Lieutenant Francis Hall returned to Montréal, Canada (from there he would head toward Kingston in Upper Canada). Friend Stephen Wanton Gould wrote in his journal: 1st day 4th of 8 M / In our morning meetings D Buffum and Father

8 Rodman were engaged in testimony - in the Afternoon father appeard in a short testimony, both meetings were smaller than usual owning to wet weather. In the evening called to see Eliza Burling who arrived last night from Arora N York State on a visit to her mother & sisters RELIGIOUS SOCIETY OF FRIENDS August 31, Saturday: Lieutenant Francis Hall arrived back in the United States, at Sackett s Harbor (he would travel through upstate New York to the falls of the Niagara River). November 9, Saturday: Lieutenant Francis Hall arrived at Philadelphia. Friend Stephen Wanton Gould wrote in his journal: 7th day 9th of 11 M / I have thro divine favor, experienced thro the week seasons of tenderness & tranquility of spirit for which I desire to be thankful. Omitted to mention that our Week day Meeting was silent & small - several who usually meet with us were absent at Quarterly Meeting at Swansey - by those who have returned, I am informed that Wm Almy & Rowland Greene were there & had acceptable public service. RELIGIOUS SOCIETY OF FRIENDS December 9, Monday: Lieutenant Francis Hall arrived at Washington DC by way of Baltimore, Maryland (he would visit Mount Vernon and then head toward Harper s Ferry and into the valley of the Shenandoah River). LIFE IS LIVED FORWARD BUT UNDERSTOOD BACKWARD? NO, THAT S GIVING TOO MUCH TO THE HISTORIAN S STORIES. LIFE ISN T TO BE UNDERSTOOD EITHER FORWARD OR BACKWARD. Stack of the Artist of Kouroo Project Colonel Francis Hall

9 THE FUTURE IS MOST READILY PREDICTED IN RETROSPECT Stack of the Artist of Kouroo Project Colonel Francis Hall

10 1817 January 17, Friday: Lieutenant Francis Hall, having visited President Thomas Jefferson at Monticello, left Richmond, Virginia heading toward Charleston, South Carolina. The negrero Eugene, an armed Mexican schooner, was captured while attempting to smuggle slaves into the United States (HOUSE DOCUMENT, 15th Congress, 1st session II, No. 12, page 22). INTERNATIONAL SLAVE TRADE THE FUTURE CAN BE EASILY PREDICTED IN RETROSPECT January 24, Friday: Lieutenant Francis Hall arrived at Charleston, South Carolina, where he would be either horrified or amused (you can take your pick) by the sophistry of the arguments presented to him by local white men in defense of black servitude ( it is necessary ; it is for the best ; this is the real world ; it is for the good of the negroes ; they tell me they appreciate it ; it is superior to any other real possibility ; plus every other analysis with the solitary exception of this arrangement of affairs sure is making life pleasant for me as a white man ). At this point Friend Paul Cuffe, persuaded that American blacks would never be allowed to be full citizens, was hoping that they might fare better back in Africa, farther away from white prejudice. As a merchant he of course had an interest in nurturing trade between Africa and black American businessmen. He was intrigued by the idea of converting Africa to Christianity. In 1810 and 1811 he had sailed to Sierra Leone, a British colony that had been functioning as a haven for poor blacks from London, and for the black Loyalists of Nova Scotia who despaired of ever being allowed to succeed there. In 1815 and 1816 he had made a successful voyage to Sierra Leone with 38 colonists from the United States. In 1816 Robert Finley had contacted him in regard to plans to form an American Colonization Society and Cuffe had greeted the idea with enthusiasm. Soon the new ACS had contacted James Forten, a black businessman with a sailmaking business in Philadelphia, to recruit colonists from the vicinity of Philadelphia. Prominent Americans such as Henry Clay, John Randolph of Roanoke, and Justice Bushrod Washington were members of the American Colonization Society during its early years. Many free African-Americans, however, including those who had supported Paul Cuffee s efforts, were wary of this new organization. They were concerned that it was dominated by Southerners and slave holders and that it excluded blacks from membership. Most free African-Americans of course would prefer to remain in the land which had been the context of their lives all their lives. Forten and Cuffe were close friends and Forten often looked after Cuffe s Philadelphia business interests. He was a Stack of the Artist of Kouroo Project Colonel Francis Hall

11 supporter of Cuffe s colonization schemes, and the two men had corresponded on this topic. On January 15, 1817, Forten and other black leaders had called a meeting at Bethel to discuss the ACS and the idea of colonization and the church had been packed by almost 3,000 black men. After the Reverends Richard Allen, Absalom Jones, and John Gloucester spoke in favor of immigrating to Africa, Forten called for those in favor to say yea, but there was not a single yea from the assembled men. The no, however, seemed as it would bring down the walls of the building. Forten wrote to Cuffe on January 25, there was not one sole [sic] that was in favor of going to Africa. The common people were well aware that the covert agenda of this new organization was 1.) to rid this nation of its strongest opponents to slavery, the free blacks and 2.) to ease the white people s fear of servile insurrection. Forten described this awareness to Cuffe as They think that the slave holders wants to get rid of them so as to make their property more secure. Instead, the assembly voted a series of unanimous resolutions. Whereas our ancestors (not of choice) were the first cultivators of the wilds of America, we their descendents feel ourselves entitled to participate in the blessings of her luxuriant soil... Resolved, That we never will separate ourselves voluntarily from the slave population in this country; they are our brethren by the ties of consanguinity, of suffering, and of wrongs... A committee of twelve formed in opposition to the covert agenda of the ACS, and James Forten became chairman. The Reverends Richard Allen, Absalom Jones, and John Gloucester, who had been so caught off guard by the unanimous opposition of the majority, were in this committee. Some of them, especially James Forten, privately believed that colonization was a workable idea, but were willing to unite with the majority in opposing the ACS. At a meeting of a respectable portion of the free people of color of the city of Richmond, on Friday, January 24, 1817, William Bowler was appointed chairman, and Lentey Craw secretary. A preamble and resolution were unanimously adopted and ordered to be printed: Whereas a Society has been formed at the seat of government, for the purpose of colonizing, with their own consent, the free people of color of the United States; therefore, we, the free people of color of the city of Richmond, have thought it advisable to assemble together under the sanction of authority, for the purpose of making a public expression of our sentiments on a question in which we are so deeply interested. We perfectly agree with the Society, that it is not only proper, but would ultimately tend to the benefit and advantage of a great portion of our suffering fellow creatures, to be colonized; but while we thus express our approbation of a measure laudable in its purposes, and beneficial in its designs, it may not be improper in us to say, that we prefer being colonized in the most remote corner of the land of our nativity, to being exiled to a foreign country and whereas the president and board of managers of the said Society have been pleased to leave it to the entire discretion of Congress to provide a suitable place for carrying these laudable intentions into effect Be it therefore Resolved, That we respectfully submit to the wisdom of Congress whether it would not be an act of charity to grant us a small portion of their territory, either on the Missouri river, or any place that may seem to them most conducive to the public good and our future welfare, subject, however, to such rules and regulations as the government of the United States may think proper to adopt. WHAT I M WRITING IS TRUE BUT NEVER MIND YOU CAN ALWAYS LIE TO YOURSELF February 22, Saturday: Lieutenant Francis Hall sailed from Charleston harbor, returning toward England. Colonel Francis Hall Stack of the Artist of Kouroo Project

12 March 30, Sunday: Lieutenant Francis Hall sighted the welcome hills of his own country. Friend Stephen Wanton Gould wrote in his journal: 1st day 30 of 3 M 1817 / Silent meetings both of them hard times to me & I believe some others I called in the eveng at Br D Rodmans & set a little while with Sister E who is keeping House for Joanna, she being out of Town on a visit also called at father Rs where I met Jonathon Swain from Nantucket - he has been about town several days & seems like a clearer friend RELIGIOUS SOCIETY OF FRIENDS CHANGE IS ETERNITY, STASIS A FIGMENT Colonel Francis Hall Stack of the Artist of Kouroo Project

13 1818 Lieut. Francis Hall, 14th Light Dragoons, H.P. s TRAVELS IN CANADA, AND THE UNITED STATES, IN 1816 AND 1817 was published in London by Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown and in Boston by Wells and Lilly. (Henry Thoreau would examine this volume in 1833, and therefore his A YANKEE IN CANADA can be usefully compared or contrasted with that lieutenant s report.) TRAVELS IN CANADA AND US

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15 December: The Edinburgh Review / Or / Critical Journal 31:61 (Edinburgh: Archibald Constable and Company; London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme and Brown), Article VI. pages : TRAVELS IN CANADA AND THE UNITED STATES, IN 1816 AND By Lieutenant Francis Hall, 14th Light Dragoons, H.P. 8vo. London. Longman & Co DO I HAVE YOUR ATTENTION? GOOD. Colonel Francis Hall Stack of the Artist of Kouroo Project

16 1819 Jean-Baptiste Say s DES CANAUX DE NAVIGATION DANS L ÉTAT ACTUEL DE LA FRANCE. His DE L IMPORTANCE DU PORT DE LA VILETTE. Jean-Pierre Abel-Rèmusat became an editor of the Journal des savants. Francis Hall s (anonymous) TRAVELS IN FRANCE, IN 1818 (Printed by Strahan and Spottiswoodie, Printers- Street, London). Académie française: election of Cuvier Desbordes-Valmore Creation of Conservateur de Chateaubriand and of La Minerve française Leconte de Lisle.

17 1824 Francis Hall s (anonymous) LETTERS WRITTEN FROM COLOMBIA DURING A JOURNEY FROM CARACAS TO BOGOTÁ, AND THENCE TO SANTA MARTHA, IN 1823 (London: Printed for G. Cowie & Co. 31, Poultry). LETTERS FROM COLOMBIA

18 1825 Colonel Francis Hall, Hydrographer in the service of Colombia s COLOMBIA, ITS PRESENT STATE, IN RESPECT OF CLIMATE, SOIL, PRODUCTIONS, POPULATION, GOVERNMENT, COMMERCE, REVENUE, MANUFACTURES, ARTS, LITERATURE, MANNERS, EDUCATION, AND INDUCEMENTS TO EMIGRATION. WITH ITINERARIES, PARTLY FROM SPANISH SURVEYS, PARTLY FROM ACTUAL OBSERVATION (Philadelphia: A. Small, E. Parker, E. Littell, and Marot & Walter. William Brown, Printer). COLOMBIA Haitian independence was recognized by France. But the arrangement was that Haiti was, in return, going to need to pay nearly 100,000,000 French francs per year until the year (Well, get a clue! How many such payments do you suppose arrived in Paris?) In Panama, on account of the intransigence of the United States of America, the 1st Pan-American Congress was forced to exclude Haiti. Senator Thomas Hart Benson of Missouri made a case that to give any recognition or legitimacy to Haiti would be like telling the black slaves of America that it would be all right for them to revolt if they felt that they could win. We should not permit black Ambassadors and consuls to give their fellow-blacks in the United States

19 proof in hand of the honors that await them for a like successful effort on their part. Senator Benton commented about the unacceptability of this 2d American revolution, the one which had taken place a generation earlier in Haiti and which had gained emancipation for its people: We purchase coffee from her, and pay her for it; but we interchange no consuls or ministers... And why? Because the peace of eleven states will not permit the fruits of a successful negro insurrection to be exhibited among them... It will not permit to be seen, and told, that for the murder of their masters and mistresses, they are to find friends among the white people of these United States. 3 Haiti would not achieve recognition until 1862, when the votes of the Southern states no longer counted and that black nation could be recognized by the government in Washington DC. The San Domingan revolution is a minor episode at best, now, in the cavalcade of American history. It has been confined to insignificance, because it does not serve that saga well. Michael Zuckerman, ALMOST CHOSEN PEOPLE: OBLIQUE BIOGRAPHIES IN THE AMERICAN GRAIN, 1993, page It is by the light and heat of remarks such as these, that we can grasp how utterly provocative Waldo Emerson s suggestion to Frederick Douglass was, on August 1, 1844 in Concord, that he should fashion himself into a Toussaint Louverture for the entire North American continent.

20 1833 September 11, Wednesday: David Henry Thoreau checked out, from Harvard Library, Lieut. Francis Hall, 14th Light Dragoons, H.P. s TRAVELS IN CANADA, AND THE UNITED STATES, IN 1816 AND 1817 (Boston: Wells and Lilly). 4 There is no Frigate like a Book To take us Lands away Emily Dickinson (Disambiguation: This traveler is neither the Captain Charles Francis Hall who would explore in the Arctic, nor the American businessman Francis Hall who in a later timeframe would relocate to exotic Japan.) TRAVELS IN CANADA AND US C.G. Jarvis wrote Charles Babbage to complain in anticipation that, although the contractor Joseph Clement was presumably going to bask in all the glory upon the success of the Calculational Engine, a portion of this glory belonged to him as the draughtsman employee who was working behind the scenes. October 19, Saturday: In Quito, capital of the new nation of Ecuador (which because of the almost entire absence of either water-closets or privies, he had characterized as one of the filthiest capitals in Christendom ), due to yet another of the upheavals that had become routine since independence from Colombia Colonel Francis Hall, plant collector, would not survive to the dawn. 5 PLANTS 4. As always, a caveat: There were many editions of some of these works which Thoreau consulted, and since I do not presently know which edition it was that he consulted, I have tried to standardize by listing the edition and year in which the material had initially become available. 5. El cadáver ensangrentado del coronel Francis Hall amaneció colgado de uno de los postes de la plaza de San Francisco el 20 de octubre de Todavía no se sabe si el coronel británico murió lanceado como se estilaba a la época o abaleado, de la forma más tradicional. Lo que se conoce con certeza es que Hall murió por conspirador y por defender la libertad de expresión en el recientemente independizado Ecuador.

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23 1838 February: XXIII. Meteorological Observations made during a residence in Colombia between the Years 1820 and By the late Colonel Francis Hall (The London and Edinburgh Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science, Volume XII New and United Series, pages ).

24 1850 September 25, Wednesday-October 3, Thursday: Henry Thoreau went with Ellery Channing and a trainload of other tourists to explore the valley of the St. Lawrence River, by rail to Burlington, Vermont, by steamer to Plattsburg, New York, by rail to Montréal, by steamer to Québec, with side trips to St. Anne de Beaupré and to the Montmorency Falls near Québec City. 6 [The railroad will] only encourage the common people to move about needlessly. Arthur Wellesley, Duke of Wellington

25 This is what Montréal looked like in the Year of Our Lord 1850 (on a sunny seasonal morning): The river and falls of Saint Mary in southeastern British Columbia are now, however, completely different from the way they were when they were described by Thoreau due to diversion of water to the Sault Ste. Marie Canal: WALDEN: Fishermen, hunters, woodchoppers, and others, spending their lives in the fields and woods, in a peculiar sense a part of Nature themselves, are often in a more favorable mood for observing her, in the intervals of their pursuits, than philosophers or poets even, who approach her with expectation. She is not afraid to exhibit herself to them. The traveller on the prairie is naturally a hunter, on the head waters of the Missouri and Columbia a trapper, and at the Falls of St. Mary a fisherman. He who is only a traveller learns things at secondhand and by the halves, and is poor authority. We are most interested when science reports what those men already know practically or instinctively, for that alone is a true humanity, or account of human experience. CANADA 6. The rail tour of Canada on which Thoreau and Channing had embarked for economy, two of a total of 1,346 tourists, was one that had been sponsored by the author of a well-attended panorama, William Burr. His panorama, BURR S SEVEN MILE MIRROR, had been on exhibit in Boston since February 4th. His 48-page handbook BURR S MOVING MIRROR OF THE LAKES, THE NIAGARA, ST. LAWRENCE AND SAGUERNAY [SAGUENAY] RIVERS EMBRACING THE ENTIRE RANGE OF BORDER SCENERY, OF THE UNITED STATES & CANADIAN SHORES, FROM LAKE ERIE TO THE ATLANTIC had been available for Thoreau s and Channing s inspection. The entire 9-day trip, because of this economy of group travel, would cost Thoreau a total of $12. 75, inclusive of the $ / 2 he would spend for a map and two guidebooks. The train tickets cost $5. 00 for the round trip to Montréal, plus $2. 00 for the leg to Québec. Over the nine days our intrepid voyager-with-umbrella would pay for lodgings on only four of the nights. (We may note a similarity between this trip and the trip that had been made in 1816 by Lieutenant Francis Hall, a trip about which Thoreau had read.)

26 Upon his return, Thoreau would begin to read about Canada. Here is one commentator s take on A YANKEE IN CANADA : When he visited the valley of the St. Lawrence River in 1850, he noticed that he was being reminded of the government every day. It parades itself before you (106). In regard to the omnipresent Canadian soldierly reminders of subjecthood, he quipped that the inhabitants evidently rely on them in a great measure for music and entertainment (28). But on Thoreau they made a sad impression on the whole, for it was obvious that all true manhood was in the process of being drilled out of them. I have no doubt that soldiers well drilled are, as a class, peculiarly destitute of originality and independence. The officers appeared like men dressed above their condition. It is impossible to give the soldier a good education without making him a deserter. His natural foe is the government that drills him. What would any philanthropist, who felt an interest in these men s welfare, naturally do, but first of all teach them so to respect themselves, that they could not be hired for this work (40). He noticed that the soldiers, in performance of their military gestures, were seemingly as indifferent to fewness of spectators as the phenomena of nature are (29). A dress parade was an interesting sight and he particularly remarked the soldiers white kid gloves. In contrast, he remarked upon the gracefulness of a soldier s cat as it walked up a cleeted plank into a high loophole, designed for mus-catry, as serene as Wisdom herself, and with a gracefully waving motion of her tail, as if her ways were ways of pleasantness and all her paths were peace (94). He thought that the key would be, if they could put not only their hands and heads together in this uniform manner, but also their hearts and all together, that such a co-operation and harmony would be the very end and success for which government now exists in vain (29-30). Failing this, Give me a country where it is the most natural thing in the world for a government that does not understand you to let you alone (106). Inexpressibly beautiful appears the recognition by man of the least natural fact, and the allying his life to it (32). The greater, or rather the most prominent, part of this city [Québec] was constructed with the design to offer the deadest resistance to leaden and iron missiles that might be cast against it. But it is a remarkable meteorological and psychological fact, that it is rarely known to rain lead with much violence, except on places so constructed (39). Seeing the utter valuelessness of the fort for any purpose other than for the defense of itself, he thought that fortifications must be only the bone for which the parties fought. How often we read that the enemy occupied a position which commanded the old, and so the fort was evacuated. Have not the school-house and the printing-press occupied a position which commands such a fort as this? (101) Thoreau commented that all these military things were faithfully kept dusted by officials, in accordance with the motto, In time of peace prepare for war : but I saw no preparations for peace: she was plainly an uninvited guest. He would be in favor of their finally reducing their intrenchments to the circumference of their own brave hearts (98). What a troublesome thing a wall is! I thought it was to defend me, and not I it. Of course, if they had no wall they would not need to have any sentinels (102). He coupled all fortifications in his mind with the dismantled Spanish forts to be found in so many parts of the world; and if in any place they are not actually dismantled, it is because that there the intellect of the inhabitants is dismantled (99).

27 1880 Colonel Francis Hall, a botanist and plant collector, had been preparing a volume of botanical and entomological drawings during an expedition to Ecuador, but had been left as yet another bloody corpse after a night of revolution in Quito. His unpublished, unknown manuscript volume was at this point received by Sir Joseph Hooker, and so its illustrations of South American plants, moths, butterflies, spiders, and caterpillars would become available to us. PLANTS Farmers began to cure tobacco using clean hot air rather than the smoky air of charcoal fires, thus producing a milder, more popular form of tobacco. In this decade more than one sailor out of every four in the Japanese navy would be developing beriberi a nutritional disease resulting from insufficient quantities of thiamine. Beriberi had become more common because of the introduction of improved polishing techniques that removed the brown outer layers of the rice

28 grain in which thiamine occurs. An expanded diet would correct this endemic condition, but not until several years later would C. Eijkman, a Dutch physician working in the East Indies, demonstrate that the older naval diet, based on brown rice, could easily have forestalled the disease. For decades, German importers gained growing control of markets in natural dye sources. BASF (the Baden Dye and Soda Company) had achieved control of indigo, a dye produced principally in India. By this point, after much work, Adolf von Baeyer and his laboratory had successfully synthesized indigo. The strength of this industry quickly galvanized, and in 1890 German exports of dyes would account for 90% of the world s supply. In 1914 German companies would form a color cartel known as I.G. Farben (interessen Gemeinschaft Farben) that would soon expand into the production of fine chemicals and pharmaceuticals. MAGISTERIAL HISTORY IS FANTASIZING: HISTORY IS CHRONOLOGY Stack of the Artist of Kouroo Project Colonel Francis Hall

29 COPYRIGHT NOTICE: In addition to the property of others, such as extensive quotations and reproductions of images, this read-only computer file contains a great deal of special work product of Austin Meredith, copyright Access to these interim materials will eventually be offered for a fee in order to recoup some of the costs of preparation. My hypercontext button invention which, instead of creating a hypertext leap through hyperspace resulting in navigation problems allows for an utter alteration of the context within which one is experiencing a specific content already being viewed, is claimed as proprietary to Austin Meredith and therefore freely available for use by all. Limited permission to copy such files, or any material from such files, must be obtained in advance in writing from the Stack of the Artist of Kouroo Project, 833 Berkeley St., Durham NC Please contact the project at <Kouroo@kouroo.info>. It s all now you see. Yesterday won t be over until tomorrow and tomorrow began ten thousand years ago. Remark by character Garin Stevens in William Faulkner s INTRUDER IN THE DUST Prepared: January 6, 2015

30 ARRGH AUTOMATED RESEARCH REPORT GENERATION HOTLINE This stuff presumably looks to you as if it were generated by a human. Such is not the case. Instead, someone has requested that we pull it out of the hat of a pirate who has grown out of the shoulder of our pet parrot Laura (as above). What these chronological lists are: they are research reports compiled by ARRGH algorithms out of a database of modules which we term the Kouroo Contexture (this is data mining). To respond to such a request for information we merely push a button.

31 Commonly, the first output of the algorithm has obvious deficiencies and we need to go back into the modules stored in the contexture and do a minor amount of tweaking, and then we need to punch that button again and recompile the chronology but there is nothing here that remotely resembles the ordinary writerly process you know and love. As the contents of this originating contexture improve, and as the programming improves, and as funding becomes available (to date no funding whatever has been needed in the creation of this facility, the entire operation being run out of pocket change) we expect a diminished need to do such tweaking and recompiling, and we fully expect to achieve a simulation of a generous and untiring robotic research librarian. Onward and upward in this brave new world. First come first serve. There is no charge. Place requests with <Kouroo@kouroo.info>. Arrgh.