Year 9 Religious Education Knowledge Book for Assessments

Transcription

1 Year 9 Religious Education Knowledge Book for Assessments

2 Instructions: Use the information in this booklet to make either a revision mind-map or a set of revision cards. Revision Cards: If you are making cards put a heading for the card on one side and the information that you want to remember on the other side. Once you have read through a card, turn it over and try to remember the information from memory. Eventually revise by just looking at the card titles and trying to recall the information without looking!

3 Mind-map: Make a mind-map for the topic that breaks the topic down into spurs and sub-spurs working out from the middle. 1. Once you have studied the mind map put it away and try to draw it again from memory. 2. Once you have drawn all that you can take the original mind map out again and add any details that you missed out on the map that you drew from memory. 3. Repeat this process until you can produce it perfectly from memory. Key Skills The assessments in RE are broken into 3 sections and each one requires different writing skills. 1. For the first section on your assessment paper be sure to write in full sentences and to use key words correctly. 2. For the second section make sure that you can explain yourself clearly using PEE chains. Make a POINT that answers the question. Give a piece of EVIDENCE that supports the point made and then EXPLAIN how the evidence supports the point that you made. 3. For the third section you need to give a structured argument in response to a statement about religious beliefs or practices so use 3 paragraphs FAP. The first paragraph should agree with the statement so it is a FOR paragraph. The second one should provide the opposite view so it is an AGAINST paragraph. The third one should be a summing up that gives your opinion so it is a PERSONAL paragraph.

4 TOPIC 1: Vocation Key words Prostrate Vocation Lying face down on the ground Calling from God Nun A member of a female religious order Seminary Contemplative order Laity Ordained Religious Order A place where vocation to the priesthood is developed and tested A religious order whose members spend their lives enclosed in prayer, work and worship The vast majority of the church- baptised people who have not received ordination. Those who have received the sacrament of holt orders A community of men or women who have taken religious vows and follow particular inspiration and ministry Vows Special promises Storge Affection love Eros Desire love Philia Friendship love Agape Selfless love Discernment Apostolic The prayerful process of discovering God s will for your life Connected to the Apostles

5 Lay ministries Nuptial mass Chrism Special works and services in the church provided by the laity A mass in which the sacrament of marriage takes place Scented oil used in baptism, confirmation and holy orders. The three features of Christian Vocation- All Baptised Christians ( Including Baptised Christians serving in their everyday lives) Priestly- The priestly role calls Christians to private worship at home and public worship at Church How can you incorporate worship and prayer into your everyday life? Prophet- All Christians are called to be a prophet- by spreading God s truth in the world. Christians are called to speak out against falsehood. What issues would a prophet speak out about today? King- All Christians are called to a kingly role, to be shepherds and guides to others How could you be a guide to others? Lay Ministries- Some Christians also volunteer to offer service in their parish or beyond. This is lay ministry. Lay ministry means Christian service in the Parish and wider community such as; Co-ordinating parish links in England to parishes overseas. Becoming a Confirmation catechist Helping out at Children s Liturgy Giving out Holy Communion (Eucharistic Minister) Altar Server Reading at Mass

6 Marriage Reasons why Marriage is important Four types of love STORGE- affection- love This describes the companionship and warmth between those who live close together. EROS- desire love This describes the desire a person feels for another. When someone says they are in love, it is this kind of desire love that is meant PHILIA- friendship-love This describes the bond of closeness between friends, the pleasure of similar interests, and sense of humour and so on. AGAPE- selfless love St Paul borrowed this word to describe the selfless love that wants what is best for another person, even if it costs you. 1) Sacrament = God gives the couple a special grace that makes them one. Their human love is made holy. This love is an image of God s love for his people 2) Life- long = God made them male and female. This is why a man must leave his parents, and the two become one body what God has united, man must not divide 3) Faithful = God intended that faithfulness in marriage would be a sign of his own faithfulness 4) Life- Giving- marriage is a life giving because love is life giving. A married couple must be open to accepting children as part of the life giving quality of married life. Bible passages about Marriage 1) It is not good that the man should be alone. I will make him a helpmate. (Genesis) 2) Husbands should love their wives just as Christ loved the church. (Ephesians) 3) What God has united, man must not divide (Mark). 4) You shall not commit Adultery. (Exodus). 5) A man joins himself to his wife, and they become one body. (Genesis). 6) In the image of God he created him, male and female he created them (Genesis).

7 Christian Vocations- The Ordained The Sacrament by which a man is made a deacon, priest or bishop is called Holy Orders or Ordination. The priest to be, is prostrate, completely down on the ground to symbolise that he accepts the call to serve in a special way. Later the Bishop will lay on hands over the priest in an ancient sign of calling down the Spirit of God. This silent moment is the actual sacrament. The candidate receives a special charism that makes him a) A preacher of God s word b) A leader in worship and minister of the sacraments c) A shepherd for God s people. A person will train to become a priest in a Seminary, a place where his vocation is tested and developed. It takes about 6 years to become a priest. Typical Daily Life of a priest: Pray in the morning Celebrate the Eucharist Baptisms, weddings and funerals Visit the sick Visit the local prison and offer Mass and chat to the inmates Hear confessions Help run Confirmation classes

8 Christian Vocations- The Religious Carmelite Nuns Carmelite Nuns are a Contemplative Order = a religious order whose members spend their lives enclosed in prayer, worship and work They Pray about 12 hours every day They are a religious order who clearly show love of God Evangelical Counsels = vows of poverty, chastity, obedience Religious Community = Nuns/ Monks Missionaries of Charity Religious Community = referred to as brothers/ sisters Founded by Mother Teresa They take the evangelical vows of poverty, chastity, obedience BUT also vow to Serve Others They help others for about 12 hours every day They have centres for the poor and homeless Missionaries of Charity are an Apostolic Order = a religious order, from the word apostle which means sent out.

9 Evaluation- Is one type of Christian Vocation more important than another? Use the template below to help you construct an argument Think of 3 reasons with examples why The ordained is the most important Christian Vocation One reason why the ordained is the most important Christian vocation is because Another reason why the ordained is the most important Christian vocation is because A final reason why the ordained is the most important Christian vocation is because Think of 3 reasons with examples why The Religious is the most important Christian Vocation. One reason why the religious is the most important Christian vocation is because Another reason why the religious is the most important Christian vocation is because A final reason why the religious is the most important Christian vocation is because Think of 3 reasons with examples why The Laity is the most important Christian Vocation. One reason why the laity is the most important Christian vocation is because Another reason why the laity is the most important Christian vocation is because A final reason why the laity is the most important Christian vocation is because Overall I think the laity/religious/ ordained is the most important Christian vocation because I also think this because Finally, I think this because..

10 Assessment 2: Church in Britain Reformation (& Vocation above) Key words Reformation the period in European history during which the Protestant Churches broke away from the Catholic Church- 16 th Century Protestant A person who rejects (protests against) certain practices and beliefs in the Catholic Church Priest holes hiding places where priests were concealed to avoid arrest. Persecute- to hunt down and punish people for their beliefs; to cause trouble and hurt other people. Oath of Supremacy solemn acceptance that the King or Queen is the Head of the Church of England Martyrs- someone who is willing to stand up for their faith even if it means death Emancipation- being freed from rules; freed to carry on without restrictions or fear. Freedom from bondage or slavery Martin Luther Some people were getting upset with the Church, they thought it was becoming corrupt. As they PROTESTED. We call them PROTESTANTS. One important Protestant was Martin Luther. He disagreed with the Pope and began the protestant religion. He could read Latin, Greek and Hebrew. Whilst comparing the Latin Catholic Bible with the original Greek & Hebrew he found that certain parts were incorrectly translated. Luther hung his research on the local Church door in Wittenburg in He had 95 complaints in total! Here are the main ones- You Don t have to go to Church to get your soul cleaned. The Church is wrong to sell indulgencies which buy time out of Purgatory. Read the Bible in your own language and not Latin. It s wrong to make an image of God. The Church is too rich. All Saints Eve 1517 he nailed a notice to the door of the Castle Church in Wittenberg in protest. As printing had now been invented, it only took a fortnight for printed copies of his words to circulate throughout Germany. Within a few years Luther s writings began to gain a lot of attention and he was accused by the Church of being a heretic. In 1520 the Pope issued an order saying Luther had to submit within 60 days or he would be punished. In December 1520 Luther replied by dropping the Popes order into a bonfire. With that action, the break from Rome began to spread throughout Europe.

11 Henry VIII What did Henry do in 1533? Henry began to break away from the Catholic church by a series of Acts of Parliament What was the Act of Supremacy? It declared Henry to be the Supreme Head of the Church of England What happened to those people who refused to take the oath of supremacy? They were thrown into prison, were tortured and were even killed. What happened to Thomas Moore and John Fisher? Thomas Moore = beheaded for treason John Fisher = beheaded for treason What happened between ? All monasteries and hospitals run by religious orders were closed down. The land was taken into the hands of the state. Edward When did Henry s son, Edward become king? In 1547 How old was he when he became king? 9 years old What happened in 1549? Parliament issued and made compulsory, the Book of Common Prayer which replaced the Catholic Missal and changed the Liturgy. What language was the bible translated into? English from Latin What changes were made to the churches? Protestants felt it was to have statues and pictures. Churches were plain and services were in English so people could understand them. Did Protestants follow the teachings of the Pope? No they rejected the Pope. The King was head of the Church Mary Tudor Bloody Mary Mary Succeeded Edward. She was a devout Catholic Catholic bishops were re-instated and the doctrines of the Catholic Church were taught once more. Protestants who did not wish to live under Catholic rule were free to leave the country. Those who objected were burned at the stake. Mary executed around 300 men and women in this way. Many more were imprisoned.

12 Elizabeth When Mary died, her half-sister, Elizabeth I became Queen. She formulated an Anglican Settlement and fashioned the legal basis of the Church of England. She took the title Supreme Governor of the Realm in Matters Spiritual and Temporal. She passed 2 acts called the Act of Supremacy and the Act of Uniformity. Punishments for those refusing to give up their Catholic faith included; If they spoke out against the new faith they would be fined Everyone was expected to attend the Sunday Service- they were fined a day s wages if they did not. Parliament introduced the death penalty for anyone convicted a second time for refusing to accept the Queen as the Supreme Governor of the Church. Margaret Clitherow Margaret Clitherow was born towards the end of the rule of "Bloody Mary" Tudor and raised as a Protestant under Queen Elizabeth. Margaret was both ordinary and extraordinary. As was the custom in those days she married young, at 15, becoming the wife of John Clitherow, a widower with two small children. They lived in the Shambles in York, where she looked after the house and family, and served in her husband s butchers shop. A year after her marriage something was to happen which was to change the course of her life. Earl Thomas Percy was brutally and publically put to death for his Catholic faith. Margaret was so struck by his courage and bravery that she became wanted to become a catholic. Her husband remained a Protestant, but did not object to what his wife wanted to do. In fact he even paid her fines for not attending Protestant church services. The Clitherow home soon became one of the main places of refuge for fugitive priests in England. Margaret had a secret cupboard with vestments, wine and bread for Mass, as well as a "priest's hole" to hide the priest himself. Margaret was arrested in 1577 and for the next few years was in and out of prison. By this time she had three children of her own. One of them wanted to become a priest and went abroad to begin his studies. In 1586, there was a crackdown on remnants of Catholicism in the North. John Clitherow was summoned and asked about the whereabouts of his son, who was studying abroad to become a Catholic priest. He angrily refused to give any information. The Clitherow home was searched, but, as usual, the priest had left through a window and the authorities found only a small group of children at ordinary lessons. Unfortunately, however, among the group was a Flemish child whose fear of the authorities showed on his face. They seized him and threatened him with a flogging; he immediately told them everything he knew about Mrs. Clitherow's Catholic activities and even showed them the secret cupboard.

13 Margaret was imprisoned and shared a cell with a friend who had been arrested for going to Mass. Her children were taken to live with a Protestant family and she did not see them again. Her husband was allowed to visit her once, in the presence of a jailer. On March 14, 1586, Margaret Clitherow's case came before the court. As a large crowd gathered outside, she was asked for her plea. She replied, "I know of no offense whereof I should confess myself guilty. Having made no offense, I need no trial." The penalty for refusing to plea was extremely harsh and many begged her to change her mind, but she refused to allow a trial at which her children would be forced to testify against her. The judge pronounced Margaret guilty of having "harboured and maintained Jesuits and seminary priests, traitors to the Queen's majesty and her laws." Because she refused to stand trial, the penalty was death by crushing. She was told, You will be stripped naked, laid down, your back on the ground, and as much weight laid upon you as you are able to bear, and so to continue for three days without meat or drink, and on the third day to be pressed to death, your hands and feet tied to posts, and a sharp stone under your back. She was taken, surrounded by huge crowds to the Toll Booth, where she knelt down to pray. She was surprisingly cheerful. The sheriff gave her one last chance. Mrs Clitherow, you must remember and confess that you die for treason. No, Master Sheriff, she replied, I die for the love of my Lord Jesus She then lay down and covered her face with a handkerchief so that no one would see her face. A door was laid upon her, but so reluctant were the authorities to impose the full sentence, that after hearing her first cries, they put a sharp stone, the size of a man s fist, under her back, and laid 7 to 8 hundredweight on her. 15 minutes later, Margaret Clitherow, beautiful loving wife and mother and full of life, died for her unswerving love of God. In 1970, Margaret was made a saint by Pope Paul VI, who called her "the Pearl of York." She was one of 40 new saints of England and Wales canonized in that year. St. Margaret is the patron saint of the Catholic Women's League, who provided the plaque that tells her life story in the shrine.

14 Emancipation It was over 200 years before Catholics in Britain were able to practice their faith freely again without fear of persecution. By the end of the 18 th century, there were few brave Catholics left and no longer seen as a threat. John Henry Newman became a Roman Catholic in 1845 and went on to be made a Cardinal. He described what it was like to be a catholic at the time. No longer the Catholic church is in the country but a few people, moving silently and sorrowfully about, as memorials of what had been. An end of Catholic persecution and unrest in Britain under the reign of Elizabeth came to an end with the passing of 3 very important acts. 1) The Relief Acts in 1778 and ) Emancipation Act 1829 allowed Catholics almost total freedom. It was no longer illegal to be a Catholic. They did not need to fear arrest or punishment Catholics were allowed to build churches and worship in them. They were allowed to vote They were allowed to stand as members of parliament. The Roman Catholic Church could run its own affairs without interference from the State.

15 Assessment 3: Poverty and Wealth (& Conscience & Vocation Above) Check you know the meanings of all the terms in the syllabus extract below. Religion, poverty and wealth Religious views of wealth and of the causes of hunger, poverty and disease 1 Wealth 2 Causes of hunger, poverty and disease 3 Responses to the needs of the starving, the poor and the sick Concern for others The uses of money Moral and immoral occupations 1 Biblical teaching about caring for others 2 Understandings of charity 3 Different ways charity is put into practice 1 Teachings about the use of money (e.g. gambling, lending) 2 Giving to charity 1 Concept of moral and immoral 2 Teachings about moral and immoral occupations 3 Impact of teachings on believers

16 Christian views of wealth Christians believe that all they have comes from God, and that we are stewards of this for him. Wealth is not necessarily banned or wrong it is how you use your wealth that is important. The love of money is thought to be wrong, and it is also thought to be evil to put money before anything else. The causes of poverty, hunger and disease. These are many and varied. Poverty is when your income falls below the poverty line, which is the amount you would need to cover all the expenses to allow you to live; food, water, shelter, clothing etc. In 2008 it was estimated 1.4 billion people lived below this line in the world. Poverty leads to other disadvantages such as poor education, and limited medical care. Natural disasters, unfair trade, countries debt, AIDs/HIV, limited education and lack of medical care all contribute to causes of poverty, hunger and disease. Christian responses to the needs of the starving, poor and sick. It says in the Bible, that loving all people especially the most vulnerable is a duty for all Christians. This should be shown in practical ways such as giving money, food, time as well as prayer. No one should make a profit out of others misfortune. Christians should be treating other people as if they were Christ himself, as it says in the parable of the sheep and goats, those people who have helped others, giving them food, water, visiting people in prison etc will be rewarded by God with eternal life (Parable of Sheep and Goats Matthew 25. Use this link to access a Bible online:

17 Biblical teaching about caring for others The underlying principle of the Gospels is Agape. It is a Greek word which means unlimited loving kindness to others that causes us to place their needs before ours, in other words as God loves people. This means not only giving time, and money to help people, but helping charities who help people. Understanding of Charity. When the Bible was first translated into English the word charity was very common, nowadays the word we see is love. Christian understanding of the word charity means to show God s love. Different ways charity is put into practise. Time, money, prayer, practical help, there are many Christian charities such as world vision, Christian Aid, CAFOD, all which help people in practical and spiritual ways, in the long term and for short term relief such as when there is a natural disaster. Christian teaching about the use of money Christians believe that at death you will take nothing with you, but that you do need money to survive in this life. However it is important not to put money before other things. Development of attitudes such as joy, peace, self-control, patience, love (fruits of the spirit Galatians ) are more important because God values them. Christians should also be good stewards of their money, using it to help their own families and other people. They should not waste it, neither should they use it for actions they consider morally wrong, such as buying illegal drugs, exploiting workers etc. The Romans Catholic church is against gambling completely, they would not take money from organisations like the National Lottery, but other Christians believe it is ok if it does not lead to addiction. Both the RC and Anglican churches believe that addictive gambling leads to personal and social damage.

18 Lending money with high interest rates is against general teachings about the use of money. Usury(adding interest to loans) is forbidden in the OT, but generally Christians believe lending money with interest is fine in today s society but making excessive profits from doing so, is not. Giving to Charity This includes time as well as money. Christians might support specific Christian charities knowing the money will be used in accordance with their faith (e.g. Christian Aid, World Vision), other may prefer to help charities to do with people as they are more important (Cancer Research UK), or animals because they cannot help themselves and need people t help them (Dogs Trust). Some Christians may Tithe their giving which is giving away 10% of their income to charity. They could do this by direct debit, so they are giving regularly every month. This helps the charities, as they know in advance how much money should be coming in. Charities may give out money boxes which people can keep at home, and many Christians who pay tax fill in gift aid forms which allows the charities to reclaim the tax back on the gift given which increases the person s donation at no cost to themselves. Christian teaching about moral and immoral occupations Neither the Bible or Christian churches list occupations that people can or cannot do. However people will interpret teachings, which make some jobs more acceptable than others. Many Christians believe that stewardship for the environment, and responsibility to care for people showing love, are key teachings therefore jobs such as doctors, nurses and teachers, vets and police officers fulfil this role. This also means that jobs which exploit people e.g. paying them low wages or working long hours are unacceptable in any industry that is considered. If a Christian thought abortion was wrong they would be unlikely to become a doctor that specialises in this type of practice, and would be unlikely to join the armed forces. Many Christians also believe they should not work on Sundays as one of the 10 commandments as to keep it special so this could stop someone from working in a shop. Other Christians may feel it is ok to work on a Sunday so long as time during the day is given to attending worship.

19 Bible Blitz! (quotes to help support the ideas above) No one can serve two masters you cannot serve both God and money (Matt 6:4) Do not store up for yourselves treasures on earth, where moth and rust destroy, and where thieves break in and steal. But store up for yourselves treasures in heaven, where moth and rust do not destroy, and where thieves do not break in and steal (Matt 6:18-19) For the love of money is the root of all kinds of evil (1 Tim 6:10) Whoever loves money never has enough money; whoever loves wealth is never satisfied with his income (Ecclesiastes 5:10) Command those who are rich in this present world not to be arrogant nor to put their hope in wealth, which is so uncertain, but to out their hope in God, who richly provides us with everything for our enjoyment (1 Tim 6:17) If one of your countrymen becomes poor and is unable to support himself among you, help him as you would an alien (foreigner)..so that he can continues to live among you. You must not lend him money at interest or sell him food at a profit. (Leviticus 25: 35-37) If anyone has material possessions and sees his brother in need but has no pity on him, how can the love of God be in him? Dear Children let us not love with words or tongue but with actions and in truth. (1 John 3:17/8) If there is a poor man among your brothers in any of the towns of the land that the Lord has given you, do not be hardhearted or tight-fisted toward your poor brother. Rather be open-handed and freely lend him whatever he needs. (Deuteronomy 15:7-8) Each man should give what he has decided in his heart to give, not reluctantly or under compulsion, for God loves a cheerful giver. (2 Corinthians 9:7) Each of you should look not only to your won interests, but also to the interests of others (Philippians 2:4) Carry each other s burdens, and in this way you will fulfil the law of Christ (Galatians 6:2) He who is kind to the poor lends to the Lord, and He will reward him for what he has done. (Proverbs 19:17) Jesus said How hard it is for the rich to enter the kingdom of God (Mark 10:23) When you give to the needy, do not let your left hand know what your right hand is doing, so that your giving may be in secret (Matt 6: 3) A church that is solidarity with the poor can never be a wealthy church it must use it wealth.. for the sake of the least of Christ s brethren. (Archbishop Desmond Tutu) Remember PEE chains need quality evidence such as scripture to support argument!!!!!!