KALENDERHANE IN ISTANBUL

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1 KALENDERHANE IN ISTANBUL THE BUILDINGS, THEIR HISTORY, ARCHITECTURE, AND DECORATION Final Reports on the Archaeological Exploration and Restoration at Kalenderhane Camii edited by CECIL L. STRIKER AND Y. DOGAN KUBAN with contribution by Albrecht Berger, Nejat Goyiim;:, Ernest J. W. Hawkins (t), Y. Dogan Kuban, Urs Peschlow, Cecil L. Striker, and Giusto Traina VERLAG PHILIPP VON ZABERN GEGRUNDET 1785 MAINZ

2 XV, 150 Seiten mit 90 Abbildungen; 16 Farb-, 40 Schwarzwei~tafeln und 38 Plane auf 30 Faltblattern Die Deutsche Bibliothek CJP-Einheir.saufaahme Kalenderhane in Istanbul : the buildings, their history, architecture, and decoration ; final reports on the archaeological exploration and restoration at Kalenderhane Camii I ed. by Cecil L. Striker and Y. D~an Kuban. With contributions by Albrecht.Berger... - Mainz: von Zabern, 1997 ISBN 3-8o53-zo by Vcrlag Philipp von Zabern, Mainz am Rhein ISBN 3-8o Alie Rechte, insbesondere das der Ubersetzung in fremde Sprachen, vorbehalten. Ohne ausdriickliche Genehmigung des Verlages ist es auch nicht gestattet, dieses Buch oder Teile daraus auf phocomechanischcm Wege (Phocokopie, Mikrokopie) zu vcrvielfaltigen. Printed in Germany by Philipp von Zabern Printed on fade resistant and archival quality paper (PH 7 neutral)

3 CONTENTS PREFACE IX LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION by Cecil l. Striker... T. ORIGIN OF THE PROJECT HISTORY OF SCHOLARSHIP.... J. GLOSSAllY CHAPTER II. HISTORICAL TOPOGRAPHY IN THE ROMAN, BYZANTINE, LATIN, AND OTTOMAN PERIODS I. ROMAN, B ZANTINE, AND LATIN PERIODS by Albrecht Berger (FIGS. I-2) Roman Bath North Church and Berna Church Main Church Monastery of Akataleptos I3 Kyriotjssa Monastery in the Bebaias Elpidos Typicon IJ Capitals of the Church of St. Paul I5 Kalenderhane in the Latin Period OTTOMAN PERIOD by Nejat Go-yUn> Problem of Donation of the Building to the Kalenders Are the lmaret, Cami, and Medrese the same Building? Mosque Restoration Insc.riptions Medrese CHAPTER ID. ARCHITECTURE by Cecil l. Striker and Y. Dogan Kuban 23!. INTRODUCTION (PIGS. J-6) J 2. ARCHITECTURAL DRAWINGS AND THEIR GRAPHIC CONVENTIONS (PIG. 7)..... '... ' Architectural Survey Interpretive Drawings J. VA.LENS AQUEDUCT (PHASE I) (PIGS. 8-10) Dimensioned Reconstruction Date JO XI 4. ROMAN BATH (PHASE 2) (PIGS. n-14) JI Earlier Structures and the Building Site Jl Surviving Structure Reconstruction Date and Historical Position J6 5. NORTH CHURCH {PHASE 5) (FIGS ) J7 State and Disposition of Earlier Structures Surviving Structure Berna J9 Nave and aisle J9 Narthexes Monastic buildings and Baldachin I (Phase 5A) 42 Reconstruction Berna and Northeast Corridor annexes Nave Galleries Narthexes Roofing Monastic buildings Date and Historical Position BEMA CHUJ\CH (PHASE 6) (FIGS ) State and Disposition of Earlier Structures Surviving Structure Berna Nave Narthexes and Baldachin ll (Phase 6A) Monastic buildings Reconstruction Plan Berna and apse Nave ground story elevation Aisles GalJeries Roofing Unlikely alternative reconstructions Monastic buildings and narthexes Date and Historical Position BEMA CHURCH LATER PHASES {PHASES 6B, 6c, & 6D) (FIGS ) MAIN CHURCH (PHASE 7) (PIGS ) State and Disposition of Earlier Structures Surviving Structure Plan of the naos Superstructure of the naos Pier clusters Dome Aisles Narthex galjeries Porch and tower Windows and illumination

4 VI Contents Reconstruction Date and Historical Position J 9. LATIN OccuPATION to. PALAEOLOGUE (PHASE 7s) rrOMAN (PHASE 8) (FIG. 37) 73 u. NORTHEAST CORJUDOR (FIGS ) Northeast Building (Phase JA & 3s) North Church (Phase 5) Berna Church (Phase 6) Pastophoria Partition (Phase 6c) Main Church (Phase 7) o Palaeologue (Phase 7s) and Ottoman (Phase 8) DIACONICON (FIGS ) Berna Church (Phase 6) Francis Chapel (Phase 6s) z Pastophoria Partition (Phase 6c) Melismos Chapel (Phase 6D) Main Church (Phase 7) Palaeologue (Phase 7B) Ottoman (Phase 8) NARTHEXES (FIGS ) Roman Bath (Phase 2) and Southwest Building (Phase 4) North Church ancj Baldachin J (Phases 5 & 5A) 88 Fountain (Phase 5s) Berna Church and Baldachin II (Phases 6 & 6A) 91 Main Church (Phase 7) Palaeologue (Phase 7s) Ottoman (Phase 8) GENEAA.L lssues (FIGS ) Adaptive Reuse of Earlier Buildings Ideas of Evolutionary Development, Progress, and Obsolescence Space Utilization Importance of Vaulting Principles of Design Geometry and proportion Observable and unobservable Design accuracy and error Re-used Sculpture Primary Decoration SCULPTURE WITHOUT ARCHITECTURAL CONTEXT. 105 Groups and Individual Objects Structural Members ro5 Decorative Members o6 Origin of Groups and Individual Objects North Church Berna Church no Diaconicon m Main Church rn 4. BYZANTINE INSCRIPTIONS '7y Giusto Traina CHAPTER V. MARBLE REVETMENT AND PAVING '7y Cecil L Striker I. OPUS SECTILE PAVING OF THE NORTH CHURCH APsE OPUS SECTILE p,, VTNG AND REvETMENT OF THE Bau. CHURCH p A YING AND OPUS SECTll.ll OF THE MAIN CHURCH n6 Naos Berna n6 4 WALL REVETMENT OF THE MAIN CHURCH (FIG. 68) 117 General Description Detailed Description and Analysis CHAPTER VI. MOSAICS AND FRESCOS '7y Cecil L Striker and Ernest]. W. Hawkim (t) I. MOSAIC OF THE PRESENTATION OF THE CHRIST CHILD IN THE TEMPLE (FIG. 69) Discovery and Context Condition Description and Iconography Date and Historical Position GARLAND MOSAIC IN THE NORTHUST CORJUDOR u m CHAPTER IV. ARCHITECTURAL SCULPTURE '7y Un Peschlow with an excursus on the BYZANTINE INSCRIPTIONS '7y Giusto Traina IOI 3 FRESCO lcon OF THE VIRGIN KYRIOTISSA WITH DONOR Discovery and Context Condition Description and Iconography Date and Historical Position u6 4. MOSAIC lcon OF THE VIRGIN IN THE DuCON1CON U6 I. INTRODUCTION IOI 2. Scul.PTIJRE IN SITU IN DECORATIVE USE IOI Berna Church IOI Main Church MOSAIC OF THE ARCHANGEL MICHAEL u6 Discovery and Context u6 Condition u7 Description u7 Date and Historical Position

5 Contents VIl 6. Fll.ESCOS OP THE MAIN CHUl\CH PHASE Fil.ESCO CYCLE OP THE LIFE OP ST. FRANCIS OF ASSISI (FIGS ) U8 Discovery, Context, and Recovery u8 Condition General Description Detailed Description and Iconography T he Program of the St. Francis Cycle Date and Historical Position Fil.ESCO OP THE VIRGIN KYRIOTISSA WITH ANGELS (FIG. 88) Discovery and Context t41 Condition Description Date and Historical Position PALAEOLOCU Fwcos 1N THE D1AcoN1coN (PIGS ) 144 Disco~e7 and Context Descnpnon Date and Historical Position JO. Fil.ESCO OP A STANDING FEMALE 01\ANT ON THE WEST FACADE n. DETACHED Fuscos PLATES FOLIOS 1-38

Frontismatter, preface, table of contents.

Bond University epublications@bond From Word to Silence, 1. The Rise and Fall of Logos From Word to Silence, by Raoul Mortley December 1986 Frontismatter, preface, table of contents. Raoul Mortley Bond