Beowulf was written in Old English between the 8 th and 11 th centuries; the oldest known copy is from 1010.
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1 Beowulf was written in Old English between the 8 th and 11 th centuries; the oldest known copy is from 1010.
2 The Knight s Tale, Canterbury Tales, By Geoffrey Chaucer, Written in Middle English in the 1380s &1390s. This copy is the Ellesmere Manuscript, early 1400s.
3 From the Bestiary of Anne Walshe,
4 Romanesque Art (Roman-like) c
5
6 By the year 1000, Europe was beginning to increase in: economic wealth and political stability population size of towns establishment of universities size and power of monasteries Crusades and pilgrimages also increased the number of people traveling in this period
7 Reliquary of Ste. Foy
8 Pilgrimages Primarily to ask for God s healing & assistance at Santiago de Compostela in western Spain St. Peter s, Rome Jerusalem Along the way, pilgrims stopped at monasteries and other churches for hostelry and prayer Increased trade and travel Good reliquaries increased the chances pilgrims would stop at your monastery/church
9 Reliquary of Ste. Foy, about 33 ; c. 1000; Roman helmet, enamelled eyes, gold repousee, precious stones over wood core; Ste. Foy s skull kept inside (other bones under the altar) Ste. Foy burned to death in 303 for refusing to make sacrifices to pagan (Roman) gods
10 apse Ambulatory Radiating chapel Ste. Foy s Reliquary became so important on the pilgrimage route that a new church had to be built: Ste. Foy, Conques, France, An ambulatory and radiating chapels were added to the apse so pilgrims could walk behind the altar and view important reliquaries.
11
12
13 Head Reliquary of Saint Alexander, 1145
14 Saint Sernin, Toulouse, France c
15 Radiating chapels (apsidal chapels) ambulatory apse Altar& choir crossing transept buttresses nave Note: the crossing square is the module for the church; Each nave bay is ½ the crossing square Each aisle square is ¼ the crossing square narthex West entrance
16 Cruciform (basilica) plan with transepts; Note crossing (lantern) tower at crossing of nave and transepts.
17 Apse, ambulatory, radiating chapels on the east end
18 Saint-Sernin, Toulouse c
19 Stone Barrel Vaults (not flat wooden roofs) with ribbed, (reinforced) transverse arches Ribbed, transverse arch
20 Tribune gallery Nave arcade Much taller than Ottonian churches; not much light (clerestories over 2 nd aisle)
21 Transverse arches sit on engaged columns, go from floor to floor The square module plan is visible because of the transverse arches and the nave arcade Start-stop rhythm; each bay marked off by a compound pier
22 Fontenay abbey church; Romanesque with pointed rib vaults
23 Side aisles Rib vaults Fontenay
24 West facade Saint-Etienne,Caen, France, Norman (originally Norsemen), begun 1064
25
26 The Norman Conquest of England by William the Conquerer, 1066
27 Bayeux Tapestry, , depicts contemporary events! Funeral Procession for King Eadward I (Edward the Confessor); Buried at Westminster Abbey which was finished 1065.
28 Crowning of Harold, Edward s brother-in-law, as king; Normans believed Edward had recognized Duke William, the Norman, as heir
29
30 Bayeaux Tapestry, (embroidered wool on linen), 1 8 high, long,
31 Note the peripheral imagery of fanciful birds and beasts an English specialty
32 Odo
33 William with half-brothers Odo of Bayeux and Robert of Mortain.
34 Bishop Odo blessing the feast
35 Norman church: St. Etienne, Caen
36 Durham Cathedral
37 Durham Cathedral, Norman England begun 1093 Ribbed groin vaults; Advantage: With weight on four piers, not the walls, more windows can be cut into the walls
38
39 Pointed transverse arch Ribbed groin vaults Round transverse arch
40 clerestory triforium Nave arcade Sculptured columns
41
42
43 clerestory Early flying buttress, hidden behind triforium Nave arcade compound, cluster pier
44
45 Norman church: St. Etienne, Caen
46 Saint-Etienne, Caen, interior
47 Clerestory Triforium Ribbed Groin Vaults, 1130 Groin vaults Nave arcade with Side Aisles
48
49
50 Sant Ambrogio, Milan, Italy late 11 th to early 12 th century
51 Sant Ambrogio, Milan
52 Pisa Cathedral, Italy begun 1063; campanile begun 1174
53
54
55 Romanesque Sculpture -Revival of stone sculpture -Revival of large-scale sculpture -Primarily on capitals and portals
56 Cloister (Moissac)
57 Cloister of Saint-Pierre,Moissac, France with its historiated capitals
58
59 Crusaders, Monreale cloister capital
60 Christ in Majesty (Second Coming of Christ), Saint-Sernin, Toulouse (by Bernardus Gelduinus)
61 Christ in Majesty, Lerida, Spain, 12 th c
62 Eagle: John Angel: Matthew Christ in a mandorla Ox: Luke Lion: Mark
63 12 th century, Aberdeen Manuscript
64 Christ in Majesty, South Portal of Saint-Pierre, Moissac
65
66 Note: dove-tailed draperies, zigzag lines, pattern-filled scenes hieratic scale
67
68 Archivolts (arches over the tympanum) Tympanum Voussoirs (individual wedge-shaped Stones) Lintel (with rosettes)
69
70 Old Testament Prophet, trumeau sculpture, Saint-Pierre, Moissac
71 St. George Fighting the Dragon, Moralia in Job ms,
72
73 Trumeau Sculpture (elongated to fit the architectural setting) Never used live models, which would be dwelling in the flesh
74 Cross-legged pose
75
76
77 Historiated capitals From St. Lazare, Autun, France
78 Last Judgement, Saint-Lazare, Autun
79
80 St. George Fighting the Dragon, Moralia in Job ms,
81
82
83 From Autun, France
84 Vezelay tympanum, Judgement
85 Ascension of Christ and the Mission of the Apostles, tympanum, La Madeleine, Vezelay, France
86
87
88
89 Virgin and Child, Morgan Madonna second half of 12 th c. 2 7 Auvergne, France
90
91 Christ in Majesty, Lerida, Spain
92 Christ in Majesty, San Clemente, Tahull, Spain
93 Saint-Savin-sur-Gartempe, painted barrel vault, c 1100
94
95 Building the Tower of Babel, Saint-Savin-Sur-Gartempe
96
97 Spanish, 1050 David and his musicians tuning instruments
98 Vision of Hildegard of Bingen, (German )
99 11thc German
100 Initial R, St. George fighting a dragon
101
102 Oval/band-like folds at waist or abdomen Ovals for thighs Pattern-filled drapery & bodies
103
104 Master Hugo, Moses expounding the law, Bury Bible
105
106 Eadwine the Scribe at work, Eadwine Psalter
107
108
109 Hellmouth. Winchester Psalter.
110
111
112 Early 16 th c Allegory of Death
113 On to Gothic
114
115
116
117
118 Samuel
119
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