A History of Conflict: Protestantism and the Origins of the Conflict Thesis

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1 A History of Conflict: Protestantism and the Origins of the Conflict Thesis Dr. James C. Ungureanu Seminar Series: Christian Perspectives in Science Calvin College October 3, 2018

2 John William Draper ( ) Andrew Dickson White ( )

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9 The Protestant Reformation and the Use of History Providential Deism The New Reformation

10 The Protestant Reformation and the Use of History Wars of Religion and its Aftermath Providential Deism though I was not at first historically well informed, I attacked the papacy on the basis of Holy Scripture. Now I rejoice heartily to see that others have attacked it from another source, that is, from history, and he joyously noted how clearly, through the work of Protestant historians, history agrees with Scripture, so that what he had learned and taught from Paul and Daniel, namely, that the Pope is Antichrist, that history proclaims, pointing and indicating the very man himself. Luther, Preface to Robert Barnes s Vitae Romanorum Pontificum (Lives of the Roman Popes, 1536)

11 The Protestant Reformation and the Use of History Wars of Religion and its Aftermath Martin Luther Providential ( ) Deism John Calvin ( ) Philip Melanchthon ( )

12 The Protestant Reformation and the Use of History An Ecclesiastical History, embracing the whole idea of the Church of Christ, pertaining to as much as the Place, Propagation, Persecution, Tranquility, Doctrine, Heresies, Ceremonies, Government, Schisms, Synods, People, Miracles, Martyrs, Rites outside of the Church, and the political situation of the empire, [sorted] in clearly visible order by single centuries: having been compiled with remarkable diligence and faith from the most ancient and best historians, patriarchs, and other writers: By some dedicated and pious men in the city of Magdeburg Wars of Religion and its Aftermath Providential Deism Matthias Flacius Illyricus ( )

13 The Protestant Reformation and the Use of History Wars of Religion and its Aftermath Providential Deism to the urgent need for the sanction of history, sending both Protestants and Catholic scurrying into the archives and that propelled the antiquarian endeavours that created the great libraries of books and manuscripts in Cambridge, Oxford, London, and across the continent. Alexandra Walsham, History, Memory, and the English Reformation, The Historical Journal (2012)

14 Wars of Religion and its Aftermath Providential Deism

15 Wars of Religion and its Aftermath Providential Deism Robert Barnes ( )

16 Wars of Religion and its Aftermath Myles Coverdale ( ) Providential Deism John Bale ( )

17 Wars of Religion and its Aftermath John Foxe ( ) Providential Deism

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19 Elizabeth I ( ) Richard Hooker ( )

20 Wars of Religion and its Aftermath Providential Deism Francis Bacon ( )

21 Wars of Religion and its Aftermath Benjamin Whichcote ( ) Providential Deism Henry More ( ) Ralph Cudworth ( )

22 Wars of Religion and its Aftermath Providential Deism [Cudworth] purposed to build a fortress which should protect Christianity against all dangerous theories of the universe, ancient or modern while genius marked every part of it, features appeared which gave the rigidly orthodox serious misgivings. From the old theories of direct personal action on the universe by the Almighty he broke utterly. He dwelt on the action of law, rejected the continuous exercise of miraculous intervention, pointed out the fact that in the natural world there are errors and bungles and argued vigorously in favor of the origin and maintenance of the universe as a slow and gradual development of Nature in obedience to an inward principle. White, A History of the Warfare of Science with Theology in Christendom (1896),

23 Wars of Religion and its Aftermath Providential Deism

24 Wars of Religion and its Aftermath John Locke ( ) Providential Deism

25 The alliance between latitudinarianism and science went far deeper than a common core of practitioners and a mutual distaste for dogmatism. For the two movements also shared a common theory of knowledge, and members of both became the principal proponents of a rationalized religion and natural theology. In their respective areas both scientists and theologians sought a via media between scepticism and dogmatism. Wars of Religion and its Aftermath Barbara Shapiro, Latitudinarianism and Science in Seventeenth-Century England, Past and Present (1968) Providential Deism

26 Wars of Religion and its Aftermath Robert Boyle ( ) Providential Deism John Ray ( ) Thomas Sprat ( ) Isaac Newton ( )

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29 Providential Deism Wars of Religion and its Aftermath Lord Herbert of Cherbury ( ) Providential Deism Matthew Tindal ( ) John Toland ( ) Anthony Collins ( )

30 The New Reformation Wars of Religion and its Aftermath Providential Deism

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32 Fredrick Temple ( )

33 Benjamin Jowett ( )

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