ELEMENTARY IDENTIFIER for common Late Roman Bronze coins
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1 ELEMENTARY IDENTIFIER for common Late Roman Bronze coins special thanks & acknowledgement to Roman coin maestro Scott Uhrick *2003 Souzana Steverding Ancient Coins for Education Please note that by no means all cheaper common Roman coins from uncleaned ancient coin purchases ( which are nearly all late (4th Cent) Roman bronzes) will be identifiable* especially as a large part of the Inscription may be illegible or missing, and so you may only be able to identify the "possible/probable" Emperor or the Reverse type of the coin.. OBVERSE Emperor FL IVL CONSTANTIUS NOB C Flavius Julius Constantius Most Noble Caesar Some common Roman Inscription Abbreviations are :- : AVG (short for Augustus) Indicates authority over all civil matters AVGG used to denote that there was more than one emperor ruling at the same time either jointly or simultaneously in another part of the empire. The number of *G*s* denotes how many emperors this particular emperor recognized. C or CAES short for Caesar = CAESAR honorary title given to imperial princes who were next-in in-line to the emperor r himself. This title was initially Julius Caesar*s personal last name and it was used afterwards to honor his memory DN Dominus Noster *Our Lord*, in use from the early 4th century through the Byzantine period. IMP Imperator This title meant the equivalent of *Commander in Chief* and is the word from which we get *emperor*..ivn short for Junior, used to distinguish from a parent emperor of the same name. NOB Nobillissimus Belonging to the highest aristocratic circles. PF Pius Felix -the Emperor is known for his piety and his success ( lucky also) PM Pontifex Maximvs The highest religious office, a notch below being a god himself. PP Pater Patriae Honorary *Father* of the empire. Reverse Type & Inscription GLORIA EXERCITVS
2 EMPERORS EMPERORS on commonly found Late Roman Bronze coins - with Common Obverse Inscriptions and Reverse Types & their Inscriptions : 1) The... The Constantine Family... the Great AD Obv=CONSTANTINVS PF AVG Rev= GLORIA EXERCITVS... (1) 2 soldiers, w 2 standards between GLORIA EXERCITVS...(1 var) The Glory of the Army Soldier w Spear & Shield CAESARVM NOSTRORVM VOT V..(2 - Votive ) Because of the vows our Caesars pledged for 5 years PROVIDENTIAE CAESS... (3 - Campgate) To the foresight of our Caesars Campgate fortification IOVI CONSERVATORI CAESS...(4) To Jove the preserver of the Caesars Jove holds Victory on Globe / Chi Rho
3 VICTORIAE LAET PRINC PERP VOT P R...( 5) Happy Victories of long lived Princes due to Vows of the Roman people 2 Victories place shield on Altar AD BEATA TRANQVILLITAS VOTIS XX...(6) Blessed Peace due to Vows pledged Altar with Globe on top SOLI INVICTO COMITI...(7) Dedicated to the Invincible Sun Sol stands holding Globe VIRTVS EXERCITVS VOT XX...(8) The Courage of the Army because of 20 yr vows 2 captives seated at base of standard URBS ROMA The City of Rome Shewolf w Romulus & Remus Constantinopolis Commemorative- Winged Victory - Chi Rho sign
4 Constantine the Great's 3 sons :- I, Constans & After the death of Constantine his three remaining sons inherited the Empire. The eldest (I) died trying to increase his share at the expense of his youngest brother. That brother (Constans) died in a revolt brought on by his religious and sexual eccentricities. The remaining son reigned for a respectable 24 years. I (Jun) - his Obverse inscriptions at first differentiated with those of his father by having CONSTANTINVS IVN NOB C ; then CONSTANTINVS P F AVG after his father's death & he issued coins with much the same reverses as Constantine the Great - see Reverse Types 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, & 8 ( see earlier) I (Jun) CLARITAS REIPVB Sol stands holding Globe Constans AD CONSTANS P F AVG (after his father's death - issued coins with happier reverses! The Return of the Good Times Emperor & Victory on Galley Constans Soldier leading young barbarian from hut under tree Constans GLORIA EXERCITVS Glory of the Army 2 Soldiers w Chi Rho standard between them Constans also issued many " Votive " coins - see earlier as well as the " VICTORIAE etc" showing 2 Victories with wreaths facing - see overleaf
5 AD D N CONSTANTIVS P F AVG The Return of the Good Times Emperor holds Globe w Victory on it & steps on captive Emperor spears a falling horseman VIRTVS EXERCITVS The Courage of the Army Soldier w Spear & Shield VICTORIAE DD AVGG Q NN The Victories of our Lords & Emperors 2 Victories facing holding Wreaths high CONCORDIA MILITVM Unity of the Army Emperor holding 2 Chi Rho standards also issued bronze coins with Gloria Exercitus (the glory of the Army) and Votive reverses, see refs 1 and 2 earlier. 5
6 Other Commonly available Late Roman bronze coins 2) Coins issued by Emperors Valens & Valentinian II Souzana Steverding 2003 for ACE Juniors Valens AD Eastern Empire D N VALENS P F AVG GLORIA ROMANORVM the Glory of the Romans Emperor dragging Captive Valens SECVRITAS REIPVBLICAE The Security of the Republic Victory advancing left Valens also issued many coins with Votive reverses - see earlier images Valentinian II AD Western Empire D N VALENTINIANVS P F AVG VIRTVS EXERCITVS Emperor steps on captive Valentinian II GLORIA ROMANORVM The Glory of the Roman people Emperor on Galley steered by Victory Valentinian II REPARATIO REIPVB Restoration of the Republic Emperor w kneeling woman & holding Victory on a Globe Valentinian II also issued many Votive reverse coins With acknowledgements to Beast Coins With grateful thanks to Scott Uhrick without whom I could not have done this 6
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