Unit 4. Vocabulary Cards. Skills Strand Grade 3. Core Knowledge Language Arts

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1 Unit 4 Vocabulary Cards Skills Strand Grade 3 Core Knowledge Language Arts

2 Creative Commons Licensing This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution- NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License. You are free: to Share to copy, distribute and transmit the work to Remix to adapt the work Under the following conditions: Attribution You must attribute the work in the following manner: This work is based on an original work of the Core Knowledge Foundation made available through licensing under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License. This does not in any way imply that the Core Knowledge Foundation endorses this work. Noncommercial You may not use this work for commercial purposes. Share Alike If you alter, transform, or build upon this work, you may distribute the resulting work only under the same or similar license to this one. With the understanding that: For any reuse or distribution, you must make clear to others the license terms of this work. The best way to do this is with a link to this web page: Copyright 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation All Rights Reserved. Core Knowledge Language Arts, Listening & Learning, and Tell It Again! are trademarks of the Core Knowledge Foundation. Trademarks and trade names are shown in this book strictly for illustrative and educational purposes and are the property of their respective owners. References herein should not be regarded as affecting the validity of said trademarks and trade names.

3 civilization

4 civilization a group of people living together, often in cities, with the same laws, leaders and form of government, language and writing system (civilizations) Unit 4: Chapter 1

5 Etruscan

6 Etruscan a person who was part of a civilization to the north of Rome who the Romans defeated (Etruscans) Unit 4: Chapter 1

7 conquer

8 conquer to take control of something by force (conquered) Unit 4: Chapter 1

9 Mediterranean

10 Mediterranean the sea around which the Romans created their empire; an important body of water for trade, war, and transportation Unit 4: Chapter 1

11 Jesus

12 Jesus a religious teacher born in in the Palestine region of the Roman Empire, also called Jesus Christ; Christianity is based on his teachings. Unit 4: Chapter 1

13 BC/BCE

14 BC/BCE Before Christ (Jesus); Before the Christian Era or Before the Common Era Unit 4: Chapter 1

15 empire

16 empire a group of nations or territories ruled by the same leader, an emperor or empress; like a kingdom Unit 4: Chapter 2

17 historian

18 historian a person who writes about history (historians) Unit 4: Chapter 2

19 Romulus

20 Romulus one of the brothers who started Rome according to legend; He killed his brother Remus in a fight over where to build the city and then built Rome and named it after himself. Unit 4: Chapter 2

21 Remus

22 Remus one of the brothers who started Rome according to legend; He was killed by his brother Romulus in a fight over where to build the city. Unit 4: Chapter 2

23 threat

24 threat someone or something that is or may be dangerous Unit 4: Chapter 2

25 she-wolf

26 she-wolf a female wolf Unit 4: Chapter 2

27 taunt

28 taunt to tease or make someone upset by making fun of or being mean to the person Unit 4: Chapter 2

29 legendary

30 legendary well-known or stemming from an old story passed down from long ago that is usually not true Unit 4: Chapter 2

31 immortal

32 immortal able to live forever Unit 4: Chapter 3

33 Mount Olympus

34 Mount Olympus the home of the Roman gods and goddesses Unit 4: Chapter 3

35 marriage

36 marriage the committed partnership between two people to make a home and raise a family Unit 4: Chapter 3

37 trident

38 trident Neptune s magical, three pronged spear that was shaped like a fork Unit 4: Chapter 3

39 rough

40 rough not calm Unit 4: Chapter 3

41 messenger

42 messenger someone who delivers messages back and forth Unit 4: Chapter 3

43 beautiful

44 beautiful very pretty, lovely Unit 4: Chapter 3

45 mission

46 mission a very important job Unit 4: Chapter 3

47 blacksmith

48 blacksmith a person who molds hot iron into metal objects Unit 4: Chapter 4

49 shrine

50 shrine a place where people pray to or worship gods and goddesses Unit 4: Chapter 4

51 priestess

52 priestess a woman who performs special duties to honor and communicate with the gods Unit 4: Chapter 4

53 wisdom

54 wisdom knowledge and good judgment gained over time Unit 4: Chapter 4

55 satyr

56 satyr a creature who was half man, half goat and was often found with Bacchus (satyrs) Unit 4: Chapter 4

57 jealousy

58 jealousy wanting what someone else has, wanting complete attention (jealous) Unit 4: Chapter 5

59 do his mother s bidding

60 do his mother s bidding follow orders from his mother Unit 4: Chapter 5

61 prick

62 prick to make a small hole with something sharp (pricked) Unit 4: Chapter 5

63 curious

64 curious wanting to know more Unit 4: Chapter 5

65 depart

66 depart to leave Unit 4: Chapter 5

67 eager

68 eager showing great interest in something Unit 4: Chapter 6

69 confident

70 confident sure, certain Unit 4: Chapter 6

71 laugh

72 laugh to giggle or chuckle at something that is funny Unit 4: Chapter 6

73 aid

74 aid to offer help Unit 4: Chapter 6

75 underworld

76 underworld underground place where dead people s spirits go Unit 4: Chapter 6

77 beauty

78 beauty being pretty Unit 4: Chapter 6

79 pity

80 pity to feel sorry or unhappy for someone Unit 4: Chapter 6

81 ambrosia

82 ambrosia the drink of the gods; Those who drank it became immortal. Unit 4: Chapter 6

83 Damocles

84 Damocles a friend of Dionysius who wanted to be king and have Dionysius s life Unit 4: Chapter 7

85 Dionysius

86 Dionysius the king of Syracuse, a part of the Roman Empire, and friend of Damocles Unit 4: Chapter 7

87 envy

88 envy to want what someone else has (envied) Unit 4: Chapter 7

89 banquet

90 banquet a large feast to celebrate something Unit 4: Chapter 7

91 dangle

92 dangle to hang loosely (dangling) Unit 4: Chapter 7

93 conduct

94 conduct to carry out, such as an activity Unit 4: Chapter 7

95 advisor

96 advisor a person who offers advice and help Unit 4: Chapter 7

97 downfall

98 downfall a sudden fall from power Unit 4: Chapter 7

99 republic

100 republic a kind of government in which people are elected as representatives to rule Unit 4: Chapter 8

101 govern

102 govern to rule or control (governed, government) Unit 4: Chapter 8

103 tyrant

104 tyrant a ruler who is mean, harsh, and acts without regard for laws or rules Unit 4: Chapter 8

105 cruel

106 cruel mean, causing pain on purpose Unit 4: Chapter 8

107 monarchy

108 monarchy a kind of government in which a king or queen rules and selects who will rule after his/her death, usually the oldest son Unit 4: Chapter 8

109 elect

110 elect to choose through votes (elected) Unit 4: Chapter 8

111 official

112 official a person who holds an office and has authority (officials) Unit 4: Chapter 8

113 Senate

114 Senate a group of men (senators) who were elected to represent the people who voted for them and met to make decisions and pass laws for the Roman republic; American government today also has a Senate (and senators). (senators) Unit 4: Chapter 8

115 consul

116 consul one of two top officials elected to govern the Roman republic (consuls) Unit 4: Chapter 8

117 honor

118 honor a privilege or special opportunity to do something Unit 4: Chapter 8

119 democracy

120 democracy a kind of government in which people are elected as representatives freely and equally by all people of voting age Unit 4: Chapter 8

121 patrician

122 patrician a person from an old, wealthy, powerful family in the Roman republic who held government positions (patricians) Unit 4: Chapter 8

123 plebeian

124 plebeian an ordinary person who was poor and had little education or power in the Roman republic (plebeians) Unit 4: Chapter 8

125 Founding Fathers of the United States

126 Founding Fathers of the United States men who played important roles in creating the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution, including John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, and George Washington Unit 4: Chapter 8

127 Hannibal

128 Hannibal general from Carthage who led the fight against Rome during the Second Punic War; He won many battles but lost the war. Unit 4: Chapter 9

129 Carthage

130 Carthage city on the coast of Africa that Romans saw as a rival city (Carthaginians, Carthaginian) Unit 4: Chapter 9

131 rival

132 rival an enemy Unit 4: Chapter 9

133 Punic War

134 Punic War one of the three wars fought between the Romans and the Carthaginians over control of the Mediterranean (Punic Wars) Unit 4: Chapter 9

135 invade

136 invade to attack or enter a place in order to take control of it Unit 4: Chapter 9

137 avalanche

138 avalanche snow, ice, and rocks that suddenly fall down the side of a mountain (avalanches) Unit 4: Chapter 9

139 counter-attack

140 counter-attack a military response to an attack Unit 4: Chapter 9

141 confront

142 confront to meet face-to-face (confronted) Unit 4: Chapter 9

143 victorious

144 victorious having won a battle, war, or contest Unit 4: Chapter 9

145 Julius Caesar

146 Julius Caesar a Roman general who conquered many lands and expanded the Roman republic; After serving as a consul, he decided he did not like the way the republic was run. He became a dictator, was then seen as a threat, and was killed. Unit 4: Chapter 10

147 ransom

148 ransom money paid to free someone who has been captured or kidnapped Unit 4: Chapter 10

149 talent

150 talent a unit of measurement in ancient Rome, equal to about 71 pounds, used to measure gold and silver (talents) Unit 4: Chapter 10

151 barbarian

152 barbarian a person who is wild, sometimes violent, and does not behave the right way (barbarians) Unit 4: Chapter 10

153 establish

154 establish to gain recognition for doing something well (established) Unit 4: Chapter 10

155 revolt

156 revolt riot or revolution against a ruler or government Unit 4: Chapter 10

157 Veni, vidi, vici [wae-nee, wee-dee, wee-kee]

158 Veni, vidi, vici [wae-nee, wee-dee, wee-kee] I came, I saw, I conquered, Julius Caesar s report about his efforts in Asia Unit 4: Chapter 10

159 Latin

160 Latin the language of ancient Rome Unit 4: Chapter 10

161 Rubicon

162 Rubicon the river Julius Caesar crossed even though the Roman senators warned him not to, leading to a civil war Unit 4: Chapter 11

163 traitor

164 traitor someone who is not loyal Unit 4: Chapter 11

165 civil war

166 civil war a war between groups within the same country Unit 4: Chapter 11

167 defeat

168 defeat to win a victory over (defeated) Unit 4: Chapter 11

169 Cleopatra

170 Cleopatra the Queen of Egypt; She became queen with help from Julius Caesar. Unit 4: Chapter 11

171 dictator

172 dictator a person who rules a country with total control, often in a cruel way; A dictator is not elected. (dictators) Unit 4: Chapter 11

173 unusual

174 unusual rare Unit 4: Chapter 11

175 conspirator

176 conspirator a person who has secretly planned to do something harmful (conspirators) Unit 4: Chapter 11

177 Augustus

178 Augustus Julius Caesar s adopted son who changed ancient Rome from a republic to an empire by becoming the emperor Unit 4: Chapter 12

179 tradition

180 tradition custom (traditions) Unit 4: Chapter 12

181 reform

182 reform to change the way things are done to make them better (reformed) Unit 4: Chapter 12

183 magnificent

184 magnificent impressive and beautiful Unit 4: Chapter 12

185 reign

186 reign period of time during which a ruler is in charge Unit 4: Chapter 12

187 Pantheon

188 Pantheon a temple built to honor all of the Roman gods Unit 4: Chapter 12

189 architecture

190 architecture design or style of buildings Unit 4: Chapter 12

191 Colosseum

192 Colosseum a huge arena in Rome where people would go to watch events, mainly gladiator fights, that is one of the most recognizable buildings from the Roman Empire Unit 4: Chapter 12

193 ruins

194 ruins the remains of something that has fallen or been destroyed Unit 4: Chapter 12

195 chariot

196 chariot a cart with two wheels and no seats that is pulled by horses; The driver stands up in the cart to hold the horses reins. Unit 4: Chapter 12

197 Circus Maximus

198 Circus Maximus a large stadium where chariot races were held Unit 4: Chapter 12

199 aqueduct

200 aqueduct a stone structure built to carry water from the country into the city (aqueducts) Unit 4: Chapter 12

201 gladiator

202 gladiator a man trained to fight people and animals for entertainment, often resulting in death (gladiators) Unit 4: Chapter 13

203 crouch

204 crouch to stoop or squat (crouched) Unit 4: Chapter 13

205 vicious

206 vicious dangerous, violent, mean Unit 4: Chapter 13

207 arena

208 arena the area of a stadium where the events actually take place Unit 4: Chapter 13

209 befriend

210 befriend to become friends with (befriended) Unit 4: Chapter 13

211 emperor

212 emperor the male ruler/head of an empire Unit 4: Chapter 13

213 Christianity

214 Christianity a religion based on the teachings of Jesus (Christian) Unit 4: Chapter 15

215 miracle

216 miracle an amazing event with no explanation, believed to be an act of God (miracles) Unit 4: Chapter 15

217 subjects

218 subjects people who are ruled by a king or emperor Unit 4: Chapter 15

219 trial

220 trial a meeting in court to determine if someone has broken the law Unit 4: Chapter 15

221 divine

222 divine relating to God Unit 4: Chapter 15

223 religion

224 religion the belief in a god or many gods Unit 4: Chapter 15

225 faith

226 faith strong religious beliefs Unit 4: Chapter 15

227 Constantine

228 Constantine the Emperor who ended the war between the Romans and Christianity; the first Roman Emperor to convert to Christianity Unit 4: Chapter 15

229 Justinian

230 Justinian great emperor of the Eastern Empire who built the Hagia Sophia and organized laws into Justinian s Code Unit 4: Chapter 16

231 illegal

232 illegal against the law Unit 4: Chapter 16

233 Byzantium

234 Byzantium ancient city in the eastern part of the Roman Empire, later called Constantinople Unit 4: Chapter 16

235 Constantinople

236 Constantinople new name for the city of Byzantium and Constantine s favorite city, which he wanted to turn into a new Rome Unit 4: Chapter 16

237 pillar

238 pillar a column that supports a building or a supporting part of something (pillars) Unit 4: Chapter 16

239 collapse

240 collapse to suddenly fail (collapsed) Unit 4: Chapter 16

241 Western Empire

242 Western Empire the western half of the Roman Empire Unit 4: Chapter 16

243 Eastern Empire

244 Eastern Empire the eastern half of the Roman Empire Unit 4: Chapter 16

245 Hagia Sophia

246 Hagia Sophia a large Christian church with a magnificent dome built by Justinian in Constantinople Unit 4: Chapter 16

247 scholar

248 scholar a person with a lot of knowledge about a certain subject (scholars) Unit 4: Chapter 16

249 Justinian s Code

250 Justinian s Code the laws organized and published by Justinian Unit 4: Chapter 16

251 mosaic

252 mosaic art made by putting small pieces of glass or tile together to form a picture (mosaics) Unit 4: Chapter 16

253 Pompeii

254 Pompeii a city in the Roman Empire that was wiped out when Mount Vesuvius erupted Unit 4: Chapter 17

255 Mount Vesuvius

256 Mount Vesuvius a volcano that erupted in AD 79 and wiped out the city of Pompeii Unit 4: Chapter 17

257 volcano

258 volcano a mountain with openings through which melted rock, ash, and hot gases explode Unit 4: Chapter 17

259 plume

260 plume a cloud of smoke that rises into the air in a tall, thin shape Unit 4: Chapter 17

261 pumice

262 pumice gray volcanic rock Unit 4: Chapter 17

263 preserve

264 preserve to save in its original form so that it remains the same (preserved) Unit 4: Chapter 17

265 Horatius

266 Horatius a Roman soldier who became a hero by fighting the Etruscan army with two other men so that the other Romans could escape; He jumped in the river during the fight and drifted downstream to Rome. Unit 4: Chapter 18

267 hew

268 hew to cut something with a sharp tool Unit 4: Chapter 18

269 ye

270 ye old fashioned way of saying you Unit 4: Chapter 18

271 foe

272 foe an enemy Unit 4: Chapter 18

273 yon

274 yon distant Unit 4: Chapter 18

275 thou

276 thou old fashioned way of saying you Unit 4: Chapter 18

277 armor

278 armor a protective covering, usually made of metal, worn by soldiers in battle Unit 4: Chapter 18

279 valiantly

280 valiantly in a brave and courageous manner Unit 4: Chapter 18

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