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1 1. What was Caesar s role in the First Triumvirate? 2. How did Caesar seize power? 3.What were some of his achievements as ruler of Rome? Students of History -

2 Students of History -

3 Where the Trouble Started Augustus unable to produce heir Died in 14 CE "Alas for the Roman people, to be ground by jaws that crunch so slowly!"

4 Tiberius Claudius Nero Augustus adopted son Reigned from 14 to 37 CE Never wanted to be emperor Failed at playing Augustus

5 Bad Behavior in Public Treason trials Rarely left Rome Poorly managed provinces, Spain in particular Miser Neglected Public Works, Augustus Temple, Pompey s Theatre Theodorus- mud, kneaded with blood Daily executions Nearly every crime became punishable by death Hated the games, cut back funding Established Praetorian Guard, treated them better than border soldiers

6 Gaius Julius Caesar Augustus Germanicus (Caligula) Son of Germanicus, a great Roman general Nickname stuck- little soldiers boots Very popular with the masses and soldiers Reigned from 37 to 41 CE

7 No Problems at First Caligula appeals to Roman people Recalled exiles made under Tiberius Held banquets and gave many gifts Revived Public Works However, later in the same year he was appointed, suffered a brain fever

8 Liked to create poisons Ruled from Bear in mind that I can do anything I want to anyone I want! - Caligula Severely mentally unstable Killed his own sister after he had an affair with her Attempted to make his horse consul Assassinated by a member of his Praetorian Guard Obsessed with sea shells

9 Tiberius Claudius Reigned from 41 to 54 CE Historians have differing opinions on his character Generally agreed that he had some forms of physical disabilities Erratic court behavior Paranoid Easily swayed by others Killed thirty-five senators and 300 equites Bribery Adopted Nero

10 Ruled from Obsessed with his own popularity Supposedly played his fiddle as much of Rome burned in a great fire Blamed the fire on the Christians and had many persecuted and killed He committed suicide, knowing he was to be assassinated

11 Ruled from just Elected emperor by the Senate at the age of 64 Considered a wise & moderate emperor Began of the emperor finding the best possible successor during his reign

12 Ruled from Military conquests brought wealth & expanded the Empire Worked with the Senate on military campaigns & treaties Had aqueducts, temples and public baths built across the empire Held massive gladiatorial festivals in the Colosseum which attracted 5 million spectators Respected as a wise, moral, and just ruler

13 Ruled from Travelled across the Empire, especially to Greece Consolidated the Empire and withdrew from far-off conquests Built his famous wall across Roman Britain to defend against Barbarians Cancelled many Romans unpaid taxes Had the Pantheon built in Rome as a temple to all the gods

14 Ruled from Promoted the arts & sciences Allowed governors to make more decisions in provinces Led the most peaceful period of Roman History

15 Ruled from Defended the empire against many barbarian invasions Great military leader Known as one of the wisest and purest men of his time Brilliant Stoic philosopher whose Meditations are still studied

16 Son of Marcus Aurelius ruled from Had senators and his chief minister killed Nearly bankrupted the treasury with his spending Planned to rename Rome Colonia Commodiana (City of Commodus) Fought in gladiatorial contests Assassinated by his wrestling partner

17 Most later emperors serve very short reigns often suffering violent ends The year 193 saw 5 different emperors Many assassinations, wars, and rebellions The Empire declines over the next 300 years

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