Chapter 12 Lesson 3: Roman Expansion. We will: Explain why Rome fought wars to expand its territory.

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1 Chapter 12 Lesson 3: Roman Expansion We will: Explain why Rome fought wars to expand its territory. Identify the locations of Rome s overseas provinces. Vocabulary Romanize Read You are There page 484 Conquest of the Italian Peninsula Rome began expanding its territories to prevent attacks from enemies and to gain wealth and resources. By 272 BC, Rome controlled all of the Italian Peninsula. War was a way to win resources that would contribute to growth. What sort of resources could the win? Romanize to make the people of conquered lands more Roman in character

2 The Punic Wars Rome wanted to gain control of trade in the Med. Sea so they had to defeat Carthage (in northern Africa), which controlled the sea trade routes. Three wars called the Punic Wars were fought between 264 BC and 146 BC. Rome won the first war by building many ships and winning at sea. Rome almost lost the second Punic war to the Carthaginian general Hannibal who marched his troops over the Alps to attack. The Roman General Scipio invaded Africa, forcing Hannibal to leave Rome to defend his homeland. In the third war, Rome destroyed Carthage in 146 BC.

3 After fighting the three Punic Wars with Carthage, Rome gained new provinces in Africa and Spain. A Roman Lake By 133 BC, Rome controlled nearly all of the lands surrounding the Med. Sea, which became known as the Roman Lake. Rome conquered Macedonia and Philip V who had helped Hannibal in the 2 nd Punic War. To rule all its land, Rome created 8 provinces, each ruled by a Roman governor. Read Hannibal, page 489.

4 Lesson 4: The Republic Weakens We will: State the problems that the Roman Republic faced. Discuss how Julius Caesar influenced the Roman Republic. Vocabulary: Triumvirate Assassinate Read You Are There, page 492. Trouble In Rome Patricians became wealthier and more powerful as the plebeians became poorer, fell deeper into debt and had little say in their government. Enslaved people from conquered lands provided free labor so Romans could not make a living. Attempts at Reform

5 The Senate resorted to violence to block the Gracchus brothers attempt at reform. Force rather than law began to rule Rome. Two Roman generals fought to rule Rome. General Gaius Marius and General Sulla fought a brutal civil war. General Sulla won and declared himself dictator, ruling Rome for three years. The Rise of Caesar Rome became a dictatorship beginning with Sulla s rule, although it was still called a republic. In 60 BC, three Roman men agreed to share power Pompey and Crassus (both older and experienced) and Julius Caesar (young and eager) Triumvirate a group of three rulers Julius Caesar won over the Roman people and captured Gaul and forced out of Rome two other powerful Senators.

6 Julius Caesar declared himself dictator for life in 44 BC. This effectively brought an end to the Roman Republic. On March 15 th a group of senators assassinated Julius Caesar for political reasons. Assassinated murdered Read Julius Caesar, page 497.

7 Brain Pop Rise of the Roman Empire Interesting Facts about Julius Caesar Caesar was once kidnapped by pirates while still a young man. He joked with them that he would have them executed once he was free. They laughed, but Caesar had the last laugh when he later captured them and had them killed. Caesar's uncle was Gaius Marius, a famous war hero known for reorganizing the Roman army. The date of Caesar's death, March 15th, is also called the Ides of March. While in Egypt he fell in love with the queen of Egypt, Cleopatra. He helped her to become pharaoh and had a child named Caesarion with her. Caesar's heir was his nephew Octavian. Octavian became the first Roman emperor changing his name to Caesar Augustus. Roman timeline: ome_timeline.php Roman republic quiz: public_questions.php

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