Lesson 9. All ages find learning Hebrew is fun!

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1 Lesson 9 ת שׁיעי שׁעוּר All ages find learning Hebrew is fun! skillful in all wisdom, endowed with knowledge, understanding learning, and competent to stand in the king's palace, Daniel 1:4b ESV Dagesh Kal & Dagesh Chazak Review: Vocal Sheva Leviticus 10:10 45 P a g e

2 Dagesh Kal & Dagesh Chazak 1. Dagesh Kal ג שׁ ק ל) (ד is also called Dagesh Lene Changes the sound of the consonant. ב ג ד כ פ ת letters: The Dagesh Kal is only found in 6 ;בּ to ב However, for this class we re only concerned with these 3 letters and their changes from.פּ to פ from ;כּ to כ from The Dagesh Kal never follows a vowel. The Dagesh Kal is either 1st letter of a word or opens a syllable. 2. Dagesh Chazak ג שׁ ח ז ק) (ד is also called Dagesh Forte or Dagesh Strong Doubles consonant in which it stands. Identical in appearance to Dagesh Kal. May be in any consonant except the 5 gutterals (aleph, hey, chet, ayin, & sometimes resh). When a dagesh is immediately preceded by a vowel, the dagesh is a Dagesh Chazek. Example: א ת+ת ה = א ת ה (aht-tah). Review Vocal & Silent Sheva 1. 1 st type of Sheva: This is when the Sheva is under the first letter of a word..(שׁ ו א נ ע) This Sheva is vocal and is called a Sheva Na This Sheva generally has a quick and almost indistinguishable sound: eh. Example: ב ר כ ה (beh-rah-chah; but commonly pronounced: b rah-chah) 2. 2 nd type of Sheva is when there are 2 Shevas in a row. (These two Shevas must be consecutive). (שׁ ו א נ ח) The first of the consecutive Shevas is silent The second is vocal ו א נ ע).(שׁ It has a quick eh sound. Example: יכ ת בו (pronounced: yich-teh-vu) Note: if there is a Sheva under the first letter of the word, it does not count as one of two consecutive Shevas. Example: ו ) ו ישׁ מ ר ך is a Vocal Sheva ו א נ ע).(שׁ Pronunciation: veh-yeesh-meh-reh-chah) forte) or dagesh ד ג שׁ ח ז ק.(שׁ ו א נ ע) This sheva is vocal 3. 3rd type of Sheva is when a Sheva is under dagesh chazak (aka Example: ע מ +מ ך -- ע מ ך (pronounced: ahm-meh-chah) 4. 4 th type of Sheva is the Sheva that follows a long vowel* There are 5 long vowels: ) ( צ יר י // tsere ) ( ק מ ץ kamats These 3 all have a vav : ( ו) ש ור ק // shurek ( ו) ח ול ם מ ל א male) // cholam vav (cholam ( ) ח ול ם cholam Note: all diphthongs are long vowels..(שׁ ו א נ ע) The 4 th type of Sheva is vocal Example: כ ת בים (In this word, the Sheva immediately follows the cholam, which is a long vowel. This makes the Sheva vocal. This word is pronounced: ko-teh-veem) 46 P a g e

3 More practice with Vocal Sheva Practice Word Meaning ב י ד by hand of beh-yahd by, on, or in beh בּ Transliteration Accented syllables are bold & highlighted Vocal sheva (quick eh ) is written small ע מ ך your (2 nd person: you: masculine, singular) people ahm-meh-chah ה י ת ה it (3 rd person: feminine, singular) was hahy-yee-tah ב ה ר in or on mount or mountain beh-hahr ה ר mount, mountain hahr ה ד ב רים the words hahd-deh-vah-reem דב ר ים literally words Hebrew name for the book of Deuteronomy ב מד ב ר in desert (the Hebrew name for the book of Numbers) d vah-reem beh-meed-bahr desert meed-bahr מ דבּ ר ל ב ב ך וּב כ ל נ פ שׁ ך ק ד שׁ ך your heart (from the V ahavta from the Shema, Deut 6:5) and with all your soul (from the V ahavta from the Shema, Deut 6:5) your (2nd person, masculine singular) holiness (Ex 15:13: your holiness/holy habitation/holy dwelling) smichut) holy, sacred (Is 1:4, the holy one; קד ו ש ק ד ש נ ו ו ישׁ מ ר ך sanctifies us (1st person, plural; from Festival Candle Blessing) and you (masculine, singular) will guard or keep. From the Aaronic Blessing leh-vah-veh-chah oo-veh-chol -- nahf-sheh-chah kahd-sheh-chah keh-dosh (commonly pronounced: k dosh) keed-deh-shah-nu & ( שו א נ ע ( sheva is a vocal ו NOTE: The veh-yeesh-meh-reh-chah does not count as one of the 2 consecutives shevas י שמר ו they will guard or keep yihsh-meh-ru בּת ש ש מ ר כ ל כ ם Shomer Shabbat; to guard or observe Shabbat (Is 56:2, 6) all of you (2 nd person: you: masculine, plural) *When a vowel is in front of a dagesh, the dagesh is chazak (which doubles the consonant with the dagesh.) And the sheva is vocal. Eg: כּ + ל + כ ם = כּלכ ם. Pronounced: coolleh-chem sho-mehr shahb-baht cool-leh-chem sons of beh-nay ב נ י 47 P a g e

4 ok; everything is in order beh- seh-dehr ב ס ד ר ס ד ר ה ג ד ה order, seder (Passover service: includes elaborate table & telling the Exodus story.) Haggadah (booklet that tells the story of the exodus from Egypt) seh-dehr ל ך to you (2 nd person, masculine) leh-chah ל ד hahg-gah-dah to speak lehd-dah-behr בר ד בּר he spoke (3 rd person, masculine, past tense) deeb-behr מ א ד very meh-od יכ ת בוּ they will write yich-teh-vu כּ תב ים write (masculine, plural) ko-teh-veem כּת ב writing, text, decree, registration of text (noun, keh-tahv כּת ובּ ה ה ב ד ל ה ו ל ה בד יל masculine; Esther 4:8) Ketubah or Marriage contract: outlines the husband s responsibilities to provide for his wife clothing, food, and conjugal relations; and if there is a divorce, he will provide for the wife a predetermined amount of cash. Havdalah (ceremony which distinguishes Shabbat from the common of other 6 days) And to be distinguished; and to be separated (Lev 10:10 & the Havdalah) (Nifal conjugation) keh-tu-bah hahv-dah-lah oo-leh-hahv-deel וּב א ל תוֹ to this time lahz-z mahn hah-zeh זה and his oath oo-veh-ah-lah-to מצ ו ה mitzvah, commandment meets-vah ל ז מ ן ה זמ ן time z mahn ל זמ ן to the time lahz-z mahn left s mol ש מ אל י מ ין right yah-meen ו י הי- כ ן and it was so (Gen 1:9, 11, 15, etc) vay-yeh-hee chehn יר מ י הוּ Jeremiah (YHVH lifts up) Yihr-meh-yah-hu ר ם high (verb) (Is 6:1, 57:15; Ps 138:6 ) rahm י ה ו In יהו, י רמי הו are the first 3 letters of.יהוה (It would be considered desecration to include (יהוה all the letters of When studying a word, it is important to look for the root. (The shoresh or root of the word is made up of 3-4 consecutive consonants. Vowels are not part of the root.) This is not an actual word; it comes יהוה YHVH from Studying the Word in Hebrew helps you get steak out of the Word, instead of hamburger, Betty 48 P a g e

5 Leviticus 10:10: You are to distinguish between the holy & the common, & between the unclean & the clean, Lev 10:10 ESV וּל ה ב דיל ב ין ה ק ד שׁ וּב ין ה ח ל וּב ין ה ט מ א וּב ין ה ט ה ור You are to distinguish between the holy & the common, & between the unclean & the clean, Lev 10:10 ESV Vocabulary for Leviticus 10:10 Hebrew Translation Transliteration and to be divided, separated, make distinction, set apart וּל ה ב דיל u-lah-hahv-deel ו and oo ) u (as in ל to lah ה בד יל divide, separate, make distinction hahv-deel ב ין between bayn ה ק ד שׁ the holy hahk-ko-dehsh the hah ה and between u-vayn וּב ין ו and oo ) u (as in ב ין between vayn ה ח ל the common, unholy, ordinary, profane hah -chol ה the hah ח ל common, unholy, ordinary, profane chol ה ט מ א the unclean, defiled haht-tah-may ה the hah ט מ א unclean tah-may ה ט הוֹר the clean, pure hah- tah-hor ה the hah ט ה ור clean tah-hor 49 P a g e