Vocabulary for Chapter 15 (Page 2 of 2) Vocabulary for Chapter 15 (Page 1 of 2) Miscellaneous. Translating the Imperfect

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1 Vocabulary for Chapter 15 (Page 1 of 2) 1 Vocabulary for Chapter 15 (Page 2 of 2) 2 to live ח י ה Roof) life (a song in Fiddler on the ח יּ ים + to ל = life to ל ח יּ ים (ה 1- vs. ח- 1 ) be to ה י ה Don t confuse with it.) to be able (advertisement for coal: Yah, coal is able to do י כ ל to cut off, make a covenant כּ ר ת turning.) to turn (A sewer pipe סוּר Don t confuse with שׂוּר to wrestle Anna!) to answer (Answer it, ע נ ה Don t confuse with א נ ה to lament servant) ע ב ד) to serve ע ב ד Don t confuse with א ב ד to perish. frozen?} א ז ן ear. FS. {Don t you hate it when your ears are store). א ram (a ram coming down the aisle of the grocery י ל officer} warrior, mighty man {Zsa Zsa Gabor assaulted a police גּ בּוֹר altar) מ ז בּ ח ( sacrifice a ז ב ח just) righteous, צ דּ יק) righteousness צ ד ק ה phone} north. FS. {Call Santa up North on tsa צ פוֹן then). then, since. (Wizard of Oz, wondering what to do א ז Don t confuse with ע ז strong, ע ז strength, or ע ז she goat awful.) also, even (He even did that also? That s א ף Homograph א ף means nose, nostril, anger erased.} lest {Use a pen, lest it be פּ ן Miscellaneous 3 Translating the Imperfect 4 Bi-Consonantal Verbs 2 Consonants The lexical form has י,וּ, or ו as its vowel. There is no way to predict which vowel the lexical form has. You must memorize the lexical form vowel as part of the spelling. In the QP3MS, the vowel is always Qamets. In the 3 rd person plural The Perfect does not distinguish M & F. It is 3CP. The Imperfect distinguishes M & F. It has 3MP and 3FP. Imperfect describes an action without its end in view. It may have actually ended, but you re not talking about its end. The time is determined by the context. Possible translations: Present I study Future I will study Habitual or customary He prays regularly, He used to pray Modal value She would/could/should/may/ can/might pray.

2 3MS 3FS 2MS 2FS 1CS 3MP 3FP 2MP 2FP 1CP Paradigm י תּ תּ תּ י א י וּ נ ה תּ תּ וּ נ ה תּ נ Imperfect Paradigm 1. Preformative: plural) in 3M (singular and י in 1CS א in 1CP נ elsewhere. תּ 2. Preformative always followed by Silent Shewa 3. Stem vowel: if suffix is a vowel. otherwise 4. Accent over stem vowel if suffix is CV. Same rule as the perfect. 5. 3FP and 2FP are identical. 6. 3FS and 2MS are identical תּ י 7. 3MP and 2MP are identical except 5 Parsing Ex15, p89 (Page 1 of 2) מ כ ר QI2MP תּ מ כּ רוּ.1 ר ד ף QI3MS י ר דּ ף.2 ק ב ץ QI3FS/2MS תּ ק בּ ץ.3 כּ ר ת QI2MP תּ כ ר תוּ.4 שׁ מ ר QI3MP י שׁ מ רוּ.5 שׁ מ ר QI1CP נ שׁ מ ר.6 מ ל ך QI3MP י מ ל כוּ.7 ז כ ר QI3FP/2FP תּ ז כּ ר נ ה.8 כּ ת ב QI2FS תּ כ תּ ב י.9 שׂ ר ף QI1CS א שׂ ר ף.10 6 Parsing Ex15, p89 (Page 2 of 2) א שׁ בּ ר.11 QI1CS שׁ ב ר QI2MP ה ת שׂ ר פוּ.12 שׁ ר ף prefix ה Interrogative particle ה י מ כּ ר.13 QI3MS מ כ ר prefix ה Interrogative particle ה ת ז כּ ר.14 QI3FS/2MS ז כ ר prefix ה Interrogative particle א ד ר שׁ.15 QI1CS דּ ר שׁ 7 Translation Ex15, p90, #1 תּ מ כּ רוּ א ת ם בּ יד י ה מּ ל ך ה ר ע You (2MP) will sell them into the hands of the evil king. Verb first, as usual. מ כ ר QI2MP you will sell, you began to sell,etc Subject is implied by the verb form, but not explicitly stated. Definite direct object: + א ת 3MP suffix ם = א ת ם them Cannot be with them, because that would be א תּ ם (with Hireq) of 2 hands י ד י + in בּ = בּ יד י First rule of Shewa: 2 shewas in a row at beginning of word Exception to first rule of shewa: י י י ד י ם is construct of י ד י Masculine dual ending י ם י because / in open unaccented syllable י י Definite b/c in construct to definite noun the king -- Attributive Adjective After Noun, Article Agrees ה ר ע 8

3 Translation Ex15, p90, #3 9 Translation Ex15, p90, #5 10 תּ ק בּ ץ א ת א נ שׁ י ה ע יר She / You (2MS) will gather the men of the city. Verb first, as usual. ק ב ץ QI3FS/2MS you will gather Subject is implied by the verb form, but not explicitly stated. DDO marker א ת precedes definite direct object Could be א ת with, but that doesn t fit context. DDO marker א ת precedes definite direct object, as usual. א נ שׁ ים is construct of א נ שׁ י MP ending ים י syllable. b/c / in open, unaccented נ נ rule). b/c followed by Shewa (you didn t learn this א א ה ע יר Definite the men of b/c in construct to definite noun י שׁ מ רוּ ה שּׁ פ ט ים א ת תּוֹר ת א לה ים The judges will keep the law of God. Verb first, as usual. שׁ מ ר QI3MP they will keep/guard/observe Subject immediately follows the verb, as usual. DDO marker א ת precedes definite direct object Could be א ת with, but that doesn t fit context. of the law תּוֹר ה is construct of תּוֹר ת FS ending ה ת Definite b/c in construct to proper noun א לה ים God Translation Ex15, p90, #7 י מ ל כוּ ה מּ ל ך ו ה מּ ל כּ ה בּ ירוּשׁ ל י ם The king and the queen will reign in Jerusalem. Verb first, as usual. מ ל ך QI3MP they will reign Masculine verb for a group that contains both men and women. Subject immediately follows the verb, as usual. Jerusalem י רוּשׁ ל י ם + in בּ = בּ ירוּשׁ ל י ם First rule of Shewa: at beginning of word Exception to first rule of Shewa: י י בּ י בּ י So 11 Translation Ex15, p90, #9 ל א תּ כ תּ ב י א ת ה דּ ב ר ים בּ סּ פ ר You (2FS) will not write the words in the book. OR Thou (2FS) shalt not write the words in the book. Negative ל א precedes the verb when it negates the verb. Verb כּ ת ב QI2FS you will write book ס פ ר + the ה in + בּ = בּ סּ פ ר With inseparable preposition (,בּ,כּ or,(ל lose the ה of the article. 12

4 Verb שׁ ב ר QI1CS I will break Translation Ex15, p90, #11 א שׁ בּ ר א ת לוּח ה א ב ן I will break the stone tablet. It could be the preposition with, but that doesn t fit the context. could be absolute or construct state לוּח Interpret as construct b/c followed by a noun. The tablet not a tablet b/c in construct to a definite noun. Lit. the tablet of the stone, but ב ר א ה is a genitive of material (intermediate Hebrew), so translate it as stone tablet. 13 Translation Ex15, p90, #13 ה י מ כּ ר א ת ה נּ ע ר ים בּ י ד י ה א י ב Will he sell the young men into the hands of the enemy? Verb מ כ ר QI3MS He will sell with interrogative ה prefix (? ). of 2 hands י ד י + in בּ = בּ יד י Exception to 1 st rule of Shewa: at start of word, י י hands 2 י ד י ם is construct of י ד י Masculine dual ending י ם י because / in open unaccented syllable י י Definite b/c in construct to definite noun the enemy enemy א י ב + the ה = ה א י ב spelling) (plene אוֹי ב (defecting spelling) is usually spelled א י ב It is a Qal Participle MS. 14 Translation Ex15, p91, #15 בּ יּוֹם ה הוּא א ד ר שׁ א ת י הו ה In that day I will seek YHWH. Sentence-modifying prepositional phrase precedes the verb. day יוֹם + the ה in + בּ = בּ יּוֹם For inseparable prepositions (,ל,בּ (כּ the ה of ה disappears. is demonstrative adjective ה הוּא Demonstrative Adjective After noun, has Article. Verb דּ ר שׁ QI1CS I will seek 15 Bible Translation Ex15, p91, #1 י ז כּ ר ל עוֹל ם בּ ר יתוֹ (111:5 (Ps He will remember his covenant forever. Verb ז כ ר QI3MS He will remember Verb first as usual. forever eternity = עוֹל ם + to ל = ל עוֹל ם Direct object בּ ר יתוֹ is definite because it has a pronominal suffix So it could have the DDO marker, but it doesn t. The DDO marker is often omitted in poetry. 16

5 Bible Translation Ex15, p91, #2 17 Bible Translation Ex15, p91, #3 18 א שׁ בּ ר א ת ה ע ם ה זּ ה ו א ת ה ע יר ה זּ את (19:11 (Jer א ת ה צּ דּ יק ו א ת ה ר שׁ ע י שׁ פּ ט ה א לה ים (3:17 (Eccl The righteous and the wicked God will judge. I will break this people and this city. Direct object comes first. Some sort of emphasis on it. Perhaps God will judge both the righteous and the wicked. DDO marker א ת precedes each definite direct object, as usual. Verb שׁ פ ט QI3MS He will judge Subject follows the verb, as usual. Verb שׁ ב ר QI1CS I will break Verb first as usual. DDO marker א ת precedes each definite direct object, as usual. (FS) the this ה זּ את the this (MS) and ה זּ ה are demonstrative adjectives ( this people, this city ) because demonstrative Adjective After noun, has Article. Bible Translation Ex15, p92, #9 א שׁ כּ ן שׁ ם בּ תוֹ ך בּ נ י י שׂ ר א ל ל עוֹל ם (43:7 (Ezek I will dwell there, in the midst of the sons of Israel, forever. Verb שׁ כ ן QI1CS I will dwell. Verb first as usual. there שׁ ם of midst תּוֹ ך + in בּ = בּ תוֹ ך midst תּ ו ך is the construct of תּוֹ ך.) י ים (MP suffix בּ נ ים is the construct of בּ נ י b/c / in open unaccented syllable בּ בּ The construct chain is Israel in THE midst of THE sons of בּ תוֹ ך בּ נ י י שׂ ר א ל Every element in the chain is definite because the word at the end of the chain ר א ל) (י שׂ is definite. forever to + forever = ל = ל עוֹל ם 19