Roadmap for Chapter 19. Class Requirements for Chapter 19. Direct Object. Direct Object Can be a Noun or Pronoun. Know how to parse and translate

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1 Class Requirements for Chapter Roadmap for Chapter Know how to parse and translate Direct Object Overview verbs with pronominal suffixes. English Hebrew You will not be asked to write in Hebrew any verb with a pronominal suffix. Parsing a Verb with a Direct Object Suffix Practice Parsing Translating Direct Object 19-3 Direct Object Can be a Noun or Pronoun 19-4 The direct object is the noun or pronoun Noun as direct object that is acted upon by the verb. E.g., I ate a sandwich. E.g., I ate a sandwich. E.g., She will see John. E.g., She will see John. Pronoun as direct object E.g., He wrote it. E.g., I ate it. E.g., She will see him. English uses object pronouns for the direct object. E.g., me, us, you, him, her, them NOT I, we, he, she, they

2 Direct Object Can be a Noun or Pronoun in Hebrew Noun as direct object ן א כ ל י תּ He will give food. If direct object noun is definite, ת or א את את את ת it is often preceded by ת נ ח ר ך א לה ים ו י ב God blessed Noah. Pronoun as direct object א את את את ת Pronouns are definite, so pronominal suffix on י E.g., א ת ך me, א ת you (ms), etc Ways to Write Direct Object Pronoun in Hebrew א את את את ת 1. Attach pronominal suffix to י E.g., א ת ך me, א ת you (ms), etc. Chapter 9, section Attach pronominal suffix to verb א כ ל E.g., He ate it Chapter Roadmap for Chapter 19 Direct Object Overview English Hebrew Parsing a Verb with a Direct Object Suffix Practice Parsing Translating 19-7 Verbs Use Type 1 (regular and alternate) Suffixes May add or subtract vowel before suffix Type 1 Perfect Imperfect י י 1cs נ י / נ ני ני ני י נ ני ני ני י / נ י / נ י נ י / נ ני ני ני י / ך ך ך / ך ך ך 2ms ך ך ך / ך ך / ך ך ך / ך / ך / ך ך ך ך ך / ך ך ך ך / ך ך ך ך ך 2fs 3ms / הוּ הוּוּוּוּ הוּ ו / / הוּוּוּוּ / הוּוּוּוּ / 3fs / הּ הּ ה ה ה ה ה / ה ה ה ה ה ה ה ה / הּ הּ הּ הּ / 1cp נוּ נוּוּוּוּ נוּ נוּוּוּוּ / נוּוּוּוּ / 2mp כ ם כ כם כם כם ם כ כם כם כם ם כ כן כן כן ן כ כן כן כן ן כ כן כן כן ן 2fp ם / ם ם ם ם ם / ם ם ם ם / ם ם ם ם ם ם ם ם / ה הם הם הם ם 3mp 3fp 19-8 ן ן / ה הן הן הן ן ן ן ן ן ן /

3 Verbs Use Type 1 (regular and alternate) Suffixes May add or subtract vowel before suffix Same chart, but removed initial vowel (except 3fs) Ignore the initial vowel when figuring out the pronominal suffix. Not used with verbs: י י 1cs ה הם הם הם ם 3mp ה הן הן הן ן 3fp Type 1 Perfect Imperfect י י 1cs נ ני ני ני י נ ני ני ני י נ ני ני ני י / 19-9 ך ך ך 2ms ך ך ך 2fs הוּוּוּוּ ו / / הוּוּוּוּ הוּוּוּוּ / 3ms הּ הּ הּ הּ / ה ה ה ה ה ה ה ה / הּ הּ הּ הּ ה ה ה ה / הּ הּ הּ הּ 3fs נוּוּוּוּ נוּוּוּוּ נוּוּוּוּ 1cp כ כם כם כם ם כ כם כם כם ם כ כם כם כם ם 2mp כ כן כן כן ן כ כן כן כן ן כ כן כן כן ן 2fp ם ם ם / ה הם הם הם ם 3mp ן ן ן / ה הן הן הן ן 3fp 1cp Pronominal Suffix vs. Perfect 1cp Sufformative is 1cp נוּוּוּוּ Pronominal Suffix? Perfect Sufformative? Quick Rule Look at preceding vowel: Shewa Perfect 1cp Vowel Pronom Suff Variations: Perfect 1cp can be preceded by Quiescent Aleph, Dagesh Forte, י י Vowel, Hateph, 1cs QP Perfect Imperfect ט ל תּ י נ ני ני ני י נ ני ני ני י 2ms ט ל תּ תּ ך ך ט ל תּ תּ 2fs ך ך ט ל הוּוּוּוּ ו / / הוּוּוּוּ ט ל ה ק הּ הּ / ה ה ה ה ה ה ה ה / הּ הּ ט ל נוּ נוּוּוּוּ נוּוּוּוּ 3ms 3fs 1cp ט ל תּ תּ ם 2mp ק כ כם כם כם ם כ כם כם כם ם ט ל תּ תּ ן 2fp ק כ כן כן כן ן כ כן כן כן ן ט לוּ ק ם ם ט לוּ ק ן ן 3mp 3fp Nun-Suffixes on Imperfect add Nun &/or Dagesh Traditionally called Energic Suffixes Uncommon. Only used on Imperfect and Imperative 3ms and 1cp are identical! Like those used מ מן מן מן ן on preposition ( ) Type 1 Imperfect Nun Suffixes י י 1cs נּ י נ ני ני ני י נ ני ני ני י / 2ms ךּ ך ך ך ך 2fs 3ms / נּוּ הוּוּוּוּ הוּוּוּוּ 3fs ה ה ה ה ה ה ה ה / הּ הּ / נּ ה הּ הּ 1cp נּוּ נוּוּוּוּ נוּוּוּוּ כ כם כם כם ם כ כם כם כם ם 2mp כ כן כן כן ן כ כן כן כן ן 2fp ם ם / ה הם הם הם ם 3mp ן ן / ה הן הן הן ן 3fp Qal Perfect Vowel Changes with Pronominal Suffix Accent shifts to sufformative V 1 reduces V S is long (not reduced) in the 3 rd person ת ת ת ת ה ה ה ה 3fs 2fs spelled as 1cs Final vowel may be written י י ( defectively, וּ ) Ignore connecting vowels except: indicates 2fs/1cs תּ תּ תּ תּ / תּ תּי תּי תּי י / indicates 3cp וּ indicates 1cp נ נ נ נ / נוּוּוּוּ 3ms QP QP with a Pronominal Suffix ט ל ק ק ק ק טלללל ט ט ט ט ל ה ק לתתתת ל ק ק ק ק ט ט ט ט ל 3fs 2ms ט ל תּ תּ תּ תּ תּ תּ ט ל ל ק ט ל תּ תּ 2fs ט ל לתּ תּי תּי תּי י ק ט ל תּ י ק ט ל תּ י ט לוּ ק ק ק ק ק ט ט ט ט ל לוּ לוּ לוּ וּ ט ל תּ ם ק ט ל לתּ תּוּ תּוּ תּוּ וּ ק ט ל תּ ן ק 1cs 3cp 2mp 2fp 1cp ט ל נ וּ ק ט ל נוּ

4 Qal Imperfect Vowel Changes with Pronominal Suffix Imperfect stem vowel ( V 2 ) reduces before a pronominal suffix If stem vowel is Pathach, it LENGTHENS to Qamets Ignore connecting vowel except: י י / indicates 2fs / indicates 3mp / 2mp וּ before ה ה ה ה verbs drop the ה- 3 a pronominal suffix. ( ה ה ה ה is a vowel that is added when there is no sufformative) 3ms QI QI with a Pronominal Suffix ט ל י ק י ק ק ק ט ל תּ ק ק תּ ק ט ל תּ ק ק תּ ק ט ל י תּ 3fs 2ms 2fs ק ט ל י תּ ק ט ל ק ק ט לוּ י ק ט לוּ י ק ט ל נ ה ק תּ 1cs 3mp 3fp 2mp ק ט לוּ תּ ק ט לוּ תּ ט ל נ ה ק תּ 2fp 1cp ט ל נ ק נ ק ק Qal Imperative with Pronominal Suffix ט ל QM2ms ט ל ק ט ה ה before a pronominal suffix or paragogic here is Qamets Hatuf + silent shewa Ignore connecting vowel except: / indicates 2mp וּ 2ms QM QM with a Pronominal Suffix ט ל ק ט טל ט ל י ק 2fs 2mp ט לוּ ק ט לוּ ק ט ל נ ה ק 2fp Imperative/Perfect Ambiguity if Imperative V S Imperative stem vowel Pathach LENGTHENS to Qamets instead of reducing with pronominal suffix. Stative verbs, 2G, and 3G do this. QM2ms+suffix looks like QP3ms+suffix QM2mp+suffix looks like QP3cp+suffix Imperative if Nun-suffix or connecting vowel or ). ך (except 2fs suffix QP + Suffix QP3ms QM + Suffix if Imperfect V S QM + Suffix if Imperfect V S ט ל ט לוּ ק ט ל ק QM2ms ט לוּ ק QM2mp ט ל ק QM2ms ט לוּ ק QM2mp QP3cp Roadmap for Chapter 19 Direct Object Overview English Hebrew Parsing a Verb with a Direct Object Suffix Practice Parsing Translating 19-16

5 Parsing Practice (1/5) (Imper V S ) זרע QI1cs+3mp QI3mp+1cs גאל QP(1cs/2fs)+2ms QM2mp+3ms ילד QP3fs+2ms כתב QM2ms+3mp גאל Q(M2 or P3)ms+3fs שׁלח QP2ms+1cp בנה QI1cs+2fs תפשׂ QM2mp+3mp OR פשׂה QI2mp+3mp ז ר ע ם.1 ד נ י.2 י ע ב ל תּ י ך.3 גּ א ב ד הוּ.4 ע ת ך.5 י ל ד ב ם.6 כּ ת ל הּ.7 גּ א ל ח תּ נוּ.8 ב נ ך.9 פ שׂוּם.10 תּ Parsing Practice (2/5) (Nun suffix) QI1cp+2ms הרג QI3ms+3ms זכר QP2ms+1cs רדף QP3cp+1cs בנה QI3ms+3mp זכר QI1cs+(3ms/1cp) (ambiguous Nun suffix) (V S not ) דרשׁ QM2mp+1cs שׁמע QM2ms+1cs מצא QP(1cs/2fs)+3ms ירשׁ QI3ms+2ms דּ ךּ ךּ.11 נ ע ב ר ג הוּ.12 י ה תּ נ י.13 ז כ ר ד פוּנ י.14 ר נ ם.15 י ב ז כּ ר נּוּ.16 ר שׁוּנ י.17 דּ מ ע נ י.18 צ את יהוּ.19 מ ך.20 י יר Parsing Practice (3/5).21 שׁ ם י יר ירשׁ QI3mp+3mp.22 נ י ע ז ב QP3ms+1cs.23 ד הּ ע ב QP3ms+3fs.24 ד ר שׁ הוּ תּ דרשׁ QI2mp+3ms.25 הּ ח שׁ ב חשׁב QP3ms+3fs.26 ל ח נ י שׁלח QM2ms+1cs.27 ת נ י י ל ד ילד QP3fs+1cs.28 דוּם ע ב QP3cp+3mp.29 ע ב ד ך QI1cs+2ms.30 נ י ע ז ר עזר QM2ms+1cs (V S not ) Parsing Practice (4/5) (Imper V S ) QP(1cs/2fs)+2fs שׁמע Q(M2m/P3c)p+1cs QM2mp+3fs QM2mp+1cs QP3cp+2fs בחר QI1cs+3ms ירשׁ QI3mp+3mp גאל QI3ms+(3ms/1cp) (ambiguous Nun suffix) שׁחט QP3ms+3ms QP1cp+3ms תּ י ך.31 ע ז ב מ עוּנ י.32 ז בוּ בוּה ה.33 ע ז ב נ י.34 ע.35 ע ז בוּ ך ב ח ר הוּ.36 שׁוּם.37 י יר ל נּוּ.38 י ג א ח ט.39 נ הוּ.40 ע ז ב

6 Parsing Practice (5/5) Roadmap for Chapter כתב QM2ms+3fs ב הּ.41 כּ ת Direct Object Overview הרג QI3mp+3ms ר ג הוּ.42 י ה English שׁמע QM2ms+3fs מ ע נּ ה.43 Hebrew (Imperative V S ) Parsing a Verb with a Direct Object Suffix Practice Parsing Translating א ל י א ל י ל מ ה ע ז ב תּ נ י וּכ ת ב תּ ם ע ל מ זוּז ת בּ ית ך וּב ע ר י ך ת ב תּ ם וּכ כתב QPwc2ms + 3mp and you will write them (Deuteronomy 6:9) And you will write them on the doorposts of your house and on [lit. in ] your gates. תּ נ י ע ז ב me QP2ms + 1cs you abandoned ע זבבבב (Psalm 22:2a) My God, My God! Why did you abandon me?

7 א ך ט ב ו ח ס ד י ר דּ פוּנ י כּ ל י מ י ח יּ י ו שׁ ב תּ י בּ ב ית י הו ה ל א ר ך י מ ים מ ה א נ שׁ כּ י ת ז כּ ר נּוּ וּב ן א ד ם כּ י ת פ ק ד נּוּ ז כּ ר נּוּ ת זכר QI2ms+3ms you will remember him פ ק ד נּוּ ת פקד QI2ms+3ms you will take care of him (Psalm 8:5) What is man, that you remember him? Or a son of a man that you take care of him? ר דּ פוּנ י י me QI3mp + 1cs they will pursue.רדדדףףףףד שׁ ב תּ י ו שׁוּב QPwc1cs and I will return (Psalm 23:6) Surely goodness and loyalty will follow me all the days of my life, and I will return in the house of YHWH for length of days. שׁוּב return is surprising in this context. Most translations assume that it is from ישׁב to dwell, but the Yod was lost while copying ו ת ה א ר ץ א שׁ ר נ ת תּ י ל א ב ר ה ם וּל י צ ח ק ל ך תּ נ נּ ה וּ ל ז ר ע ך א ח ר י ך תּ ן ת ה א ר ץ א ל תּ ע ז ב נ י י הו ה א לה י א ל תּ ר ח ק מ מּ נּ י ע ז ב נ י תּ me QJ2ms + 1cs you shall abandon ע זבבבב ר ח ק תּ רחק QJ2ms you shall be far away תּ י נ ת gave QP1cs I.נתתתןןןןת נּ ה תּ נ it QI1cs+3fs I will give.נתתתןןןןת תּ ן give QI1cs I will.נתתתןןןןת (Psalm 38:22) Do not abandon me YHWH! O my God, do not be far off from me! (Genesis 35:12) And the land which I gave to Abraham and to Isaac to you I will give it, and to your seed after you I will give the land.

8 ו יּ מ צ א הוּ א ישׁ ו ה נּ ה ת ע ה בּ שּׂ ד ה ו יּ א ל הוּ ה א ישׁ ל אמ ר מ ה תּ ב קּ שׁ צ א הוּ ו יּ מ him QIwc3ms + 3ms and he found.מצצצאאאאצ א ל הוּ ו יּ him QIwc3ms + 3ms and he asked שׁאאאאלללל (Genesis 37:15) A man found him, and behold, he was wandering about in the field. The man asked him, saying, What are you looking for? ו יּ אמ ר י שׂ ר א ל ל י ס ף ה ל א א ח י ך ר ע ים בּ כ ם ל כ ה ו א ל ח ך א ל יה ם ו יּ אמ ר ל ה נּ נ י ו יּ אמ ר אמר QIwc3ms and he said ל כ ה הלך QM2ms+ paragogic ה come! ו ל ח ך שׁלח QC1cs unmarked + + ו 2ms and let me send you or and I shall send you ו יּ אמ ר אמר QIwc3ms and he said נּ נ י ה נּ ה ה behold + 1cs me (Genesis 37:13) Israel said to Joseph, Are not your brothers shepherding in Shechem? Come, let me send you to them. And he said to him, I m ready ו יּ אמ ר י הו ה מ ח ה ת ה א ד ם א שׁ ר בּ ר א ת י מ ע ל פּ נ י ה א ד מ ה מ א ד ם ע ד בּ ה מ ה ע ד ר מ שׂ ו ע ד ע ף ה שּׁ מ י ם כּ י נ ח מ תּ י כּ י ע שׂ ית ם ר אמ ו יּ said QIwc3ms and he א מרררר מ ח ה מחה QC1cs unmarked I shall wipe out ר א ת י בּ created QP1cs I.בררראאאאר בּ ר א ת י נ ח מ תּ י.נחם DP1cs I feel sorry ית ם ע שׂ them QP1cs+3mp I made ע שׂהההה (Genesis 6:7) YHWH said, I shall wipe out humanity, which I created, from the face of the ground from man to beast to crawling things to bird[s] of the sky for I feel sorry that I made them. ו יּ ק ר ב וּ י מ י י שׂ ר א ל ל מוּת ו יּ ק ר א ל ב נ ל י ס ף ו יּ אמ ר ל א ם נ א מ צ את י ח ן בּ ע ינ י ך שׂ ים נ א י ד ך תּ ח ת י ר כ י ו ע שׂ ית ע מּ ד י ח ס ד ו א מ ת א ל נ א ת ק בּ ר נ י בּ מ צ ר י ם ר ב וּ ו יּ ק קרב QIwc3mp they drew near ר א ו יּ ק called QIwc3ms and he.קררראאאאר ר אמ ו יּ said QIwc3ms and he א מרררר צ את י מ found QP1cs I have.מצצצאאאאצ ים שׂ Put!. QM2ms שׂ שׂי שׂי שׂי ים ע שׂ ית ת ו do/act QPwc2ms and you will ע שׂהההה ק בּ ר נ י ת קבר QJ2ms+1cs you shall bury me (Genesis 47:29) The days of Israel drew near to death, so he called his son Joseph and said to him, If I have found favor in your eyes, put your hand under my thigh, and show me loyalty and faithfulness. Do not bury me in Egypt.

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