Chapter : The Formation of the Canadian Federal System Section 10: Presence of the Catholic Church & Socio-Cultural Expressions

Transcription

1 Chapter : The Formation of the Canadian Federal System Section 10: Presence of the Catholic Church & Socio-Cultural Expressions

2 Pages that correspond to this presentation Presence of the Catholic Church, Nationalism of Survival and Anticlericalism: Pages Socio-Cultural Expressions: 81-83

3 Presence of the Catholic Church: late 19 th Century The Roman Catholic Church (RCC) in the late 19 th century: Influence over the daily lives of the Catholic population of Quebec (many of which were French Canadien) Organized and ran charitable organizations In charge of healthcare (hospitals) In charge of educating the Catholic population Ever increasing political influence in Quebec

4 Presence of the Catholic Church: late 19 th Century Boys enjoying tobogganing, Mount-Royal, Montreal- Late 1800s Source: Fortin, S., Lapointe, D., Lavoie, R. & Parent, A. Reflections.qc.ca.: 1840 to Our Times. Cheneliere Education Page 73 The RCC had such a grip on the daily lives of patrons tobogganing was considered an activity that was frowned upon because of close physical contact

5 Presence of the Catholic Church: late 19 th Century Starting in the 1840s growth of the number of people working for the RCC in Quebec The Bishop in Montreal Ignace Bourget Wanted more members for religious orders and more buildings to house them (nuns, priests, etc.) Several religious orders increased their numbers in Quebec starting in the 1840s

6 Presence of the Catholic Church: late 19 th Century Increase in the number of priests in Quebec after 1840 Source: Fortin, S., Lapointe, D., Lavoie, R. & Parent, A. Reflections.qc.ca.: 1840 to Our Times. Cheneliere Education Page 75

7 Presence of the Catholic Church: late 19 th Century Ignace Bourget Bishop of Montreal from Ignace Bourget pushed for more influence for the Catholic Church within Quebec/Montreal He had several arguments with the Institute Canadien an organization that wanted separation of church and state Source: McCord Museum Online. <

8 Ultramontinism Starting in the 1840s Ultramontinism was a key Current of Thought (way of thinking) What is ultramontinism? The ideology that the Pope s authority was absolute (the most important) true believers had to follow it and follow the orders of the clergy (bishops, priests, etc.) This same ideology subscribed to the idea that the RCC should be involved in religious, cultural AND political aspects of society

9 Ultramontinism Mid 1800s The RCC gains political power in Quebec How? Create an alliance with the Reformers political party RCC convinces followers to vote for the Reformers during elections In return The Reformers in power pass laws to allow the RCC to control education, orphanages and healthcare in Quebec

10 Ultramontinism How did this control affect Quebec society? 1841 School Act Denominational school system created Denominational = divided by religion Separate schools for Catholics and Protestants elementary all the way to classical colleges/universities 1856 establishment of the Council of Public Instruction which looked after education in Quebec this council had a Catholic committee and a Protestant committee

11 Ultramontinism How did this control affect Quebec society? The creation of the University of Laval the first francophone university in North America 1852 Advocated by the RCC in Quebec By 1878 Monseigneur Bourget Bishop of Montreal convinced the Vatican in Rome to grant another Francophone/Catholic church in Montreal University of Laval in Montreal which became University of Montreal in 1920

12 Anticlericalism Anticlericalism = The belief that the RCC SHOULD NOT have influence over political and cultural aspects of society this is the opposite of ultramontinism Who believed in aniticlericalism? A group of people that for the organization L institute Canadien de Montreal 1884 L institute Canadien de Montreal was founded by intellectuals (educated individuals) It was established so people could discuss and debate a variety of issues and allow people to have access to a library with books that covered all topics science, philosophy, literature, etc.

13 Anticlericalism What did the RCC think of L institute Canadien de Montreal? They pretty much hated the L institute Canadien de Montreal L institute Canadien de Montreal had books that were banned by the RCC L institute Canadien de Montreal allowed protestants to be members and debate religious issues The RCC wrote letters asking to L institute Canadien de Montreal to stop and disband some members quit, others remained Members that remained believed that the RCC SHOULD NOT have the authority to influence the lives of citizens

14 Anticlericalism What did the RCC think of L institute Canadien de Montreal? (continued) L institute Canadien de Montreal continued to advocate for the separation of church and state However L institute Canadien de Montreal shut down in years after the Pope said he would excommunicate members

15 Anticlericalism L Institue Canadien Library early 1870s Source: Institue Canadien. <

16 Nationalism of Survival Nationalism of Survival/Survival Nationalism The Catholic Church in Quebec served as a protector against the assimilation of French Canadiens Waves of British/Anglophone immigration was a threat to French Canadien culture So the Catholic church in Quebec continued to promote traditional French Canadien culture this can be seen as French Canadien Nationalism a way to protect French Canadien identity in Quebec

17 Nationalism of Survival Catholic religion, French traditions and language, farming and rural life, traditional family structure with the father as the head of household The goal was to make sure the French Canadien culture survived in Quebec hence the expression Nationalism of Survival Nationalism of Survival was VERY similar to agriculturalism except there was less focus on a rural way of life

18 Socio-cultural expressions: late 19 th century Quebec Cultural issues such as survival nationalism were reflected in cultural expressions: literature and art in particular How? Patriotic literature French Canadian writers took the opportunity to write about French Canadian identity (religion, rural life, the history of French Canadians in the territory, etc.) Literary schools L école Littéraire de Montréal 1895 an organization that held sessions on French Canadian literature, sometimes open to the public

19 Socio-cultural expressions: late 19 th century Quebec Chateau Ramezay Chateau Ramezay was used by the École Littéraire de Montréal Source: Fortin, S., Lapointe, D., Lavoie, R. & Parent, A. Reflections.qc.ca.: 1840 to Our Times. Cheneliere Education Page 81

20 Socio-cultural expressions: late 19 th century Quebec Cultural issues such as survival nationalism were reflected in cultural expressions: literature and art in particular How? Landscape painting of Quebec rural scenery artists in Quebec proudly painted Quebec rural landscapes in connection with French Canadian Nationalism Photography William Notman, a famous Montreal photographer documented important events in Montreal such as the construction of the Victoria Bridge creating a visual of Quebec/Montreal/Canada s identity

21 Socio-cultural expressions: late 19 th century Quebec Rurale Landscape, Beaupre Painting by Maurice Cullen, a well known Quebec landscape artist in the late 1800s Source: Fortin, S., Lapointe, D., Lavoie, R. & Parent, A. Reflections.qc.ca.: 1840 to Our Times. Cheneliere Education Page 82

22 Socio-cultural expressions: late 19 th century Quebec Tandem Drive - carriage ride on Mount Royal in winter 1889 Photography taken by William Notman Studios Source: McCord Museum. <

23 Socio-cultural expressions: late 19 th century Quebec Victoria Bridge in winter 1859 Photography taken by William Notman Studios Source: McCord Museum. <

24 Socio-cultural expressions: late 19 th century Quebec Composite Photograph of a skating party, Montreal, Quebec Photograph composed by William Notman Studios Source: McCord Museum. <